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Wei F, Wang Y, Yao J, Mei L, Huang X, Kong H, Chen J, Chen X, Liu L, Wang Z, Wang J, Song J, Kong E, Yang A. ZDHHC7-mediated S-palmitoylation of ATG16L1 facilitates LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation. Autophagy 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39087410 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2386915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a fundamental cellular catabolic process that delivers cytoplasmic components into double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which then fuse with lysosomes and their contents are degraded. Autophagy recycles cytoplasmic components, including misfolded proteins, dysfunctional organelles and even microbial invaders, thereby playing an essential role in development, immunity and cell death. Autophagosome formation is the main step in autophagy, which is governed by a set of ATG (autophagy related) proteins. ATG16L1 interacts with ATG12-ATG5 conjugate to form an ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex. The complex acts as a ubiquitin-like E3 ligase that catalyzes the lipidation of MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3), which is crucial for autophagosome formation. In the present study, we found that ATG16L1 was subject to S-palmitoylation on cysteine 153, which was catalyzed by ZDHHC7 (zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 7). We observed that re-expressing ATG16L1 but not the S-palmitoylation-deficient mutant ATG16L1C153S rescued a defect in the lipidation of LC3 and the formation of autophagosomes in ATG16L1-KO (knockout) HeLa cells. Furthermore, increasing ATG16L1 S-palmitoylation by ZDHHC7 expression promoted the production of LC3-II, whereas reducing ATG16L1 S-palmitoylation by ZDHHC7 deletion inhibited the LC3 lipidation process and autophagosome formation. Mechanistically, the addition of a hydrophobic 16-carbon palmitoyl group on Cys153 residue of ATG16L1 enhances the formation of ATG16L1-WIPI2B complex and ATG16L1-RAB33B complex on phagophore, thereby facilitating the LC3 lipidation process and autophagosome formation. In conclusion, S-palmitoylation of ATG16L1 is essential for the lipidation process of LC3 and the formation of autophagosomes. Our research uncovers a new regulatory mechanism of ATG16L1 function in autophagy.Abbreviation: ABE: acyl-biotin exchange; ATG: autophagy related; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; 2-BP: 2-bromopalmitate; CCD: coiled-coil domain; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; HAM: hydroxylamine; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NP-40: Nonidet P-40; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PtdIns3K-C1: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I; PTM: post-translational modification; RAB33B: RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscope; WD: tryptophan and aspartic acid; WIPI2B: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2B; WT: wild-type; ZDHHC: zinc finger DHHC-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujing Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ligang Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hesheng Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Henan Health Commission Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuolin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiong Song
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Henan Health Commission Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Timimi L, Wrobel AG, Chiduza GN, Maslen SL, Torres-Méndez A, Montaner B, Davis C, Minckley T, Hole KL, Serio A, Devine MJ, Skehel JM, Rubinstein JL, Schreiber A, Beale R. The V-ATPase/ATG16L1 axis is controlled by the V 1H subunit. Mol Cell 2024; 84:2966-2983.e9. [PMID: 39089251 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Defects in organellar acidification indicate compromised or infected compartments. Recruitment of the autophagy-related ATG16L1 complex to pathologically neutralized organelles targets ubiquitin-like ATG8 molecules to perturbed membranes. How this process is coupled to proton gradient disruption is unclear. Here, we reveal that the V1H subunit of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump binds directly to ATG16L1. The V1H/ATG16L1 interaction only occurs within fully assembled V-ATPases, allowing ATG16L1 recruitment to be coupled to increased V-ATPase assembly following organelle neutralization. Cells lacking V1H fail to target ATG8s during influenza infection or after activation of the immune receptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING). We identify a loop within V1H that mediates ATG16L1 binding. A neuronal V1H isoform lacks this loop and is associated with attenuated ATG8 targeting in response to ionophores in primary murine and human iPSC-derived neurons. Thus, V1H controls ATG16L1 recruitment following proton gradient dissipation, suggesting that the V-ATPase acts as a cell-intrinsic damage sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Timimi
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Antoni G Wrobel
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Structural Biology STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - George N Chiduza
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sarah L Maslen
- Proteomics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antonio Torres-Méndez
- Neural Circuits & Evolution Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Beatriz Montaner
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Colin Davis
- Cellular Degradation Systems Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Taylor Minckley
- Neural Circuit Bioengineering and Disease Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Katriona L Hole
- Mitochondrial Neurobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrea Serio
- Neural Circuit Bioengineering and Disease Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Michael J Devine
- Mitochondrial Neurobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - J Mark Skehel
- Proteomics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - John L Rubinstein
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Anne Schreiber
- Cellular Degradation Systems Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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3
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Deretic V, Duque T, Trosdal E, Paddar M, Javed R, Akepati P. Membrane atg8ylation in Canonical and Noncanonical Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168532. [PMID: 38479594 PMCID: PMC11260254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Membrane atg8ylation is a homeostatic process responding to membrane remodeling and stress signals. Membranes are atg8ylated by mammalian ATG8 ubiquitin-like proteins through a ubiquitylation-like cascade. A model has recently been put forward which posits that atg8ylation of membranes is conceptually equivalent to ubiquitylation of proteins. Like ubiquitylation, membrane atg8ylation involves E1, E2 and E3 enzymes. The E3 ligases catalyze the final step of atg8ylation of aminophospholipids in membranes. Until recently, the only known E3 ligase for membrane atg8ylation was ATG16L1 in a noncovalent complex with the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate. ATG16L1 was first identified as a factor in canonical autophagy. During canonical autophagy, the ATG16L1-based E3 ligase complex includes WIPI2, which in turn recognizes phosphatidylinositiol 3-phosphate and directs atg8ylation of autophagic phagophores. As an alternative to WIPIs, binding of ATG16L1 to the proton pump V-ATPase guides atg8ylation of endolysosomal and phagosomal membranes in response to lumenal pH changes. Recently, a new E3 complex containing TECPR1 instead of ATG16L1, has been identified that responds to sphingomyelin's presence on the cytofacial side of perturbed endolysosomal membranes. In present review, we cover the principles of membrane atg8ylation, catalog its various presentations, and provide a perspective on the growing repertoire of E3 ligase complexes directing membrane atg8ylation at diverse locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Thabata Duque
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Einar Trosdal
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Masroor Paddar
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Prithvi Akepati
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Figueras-Novoa C, Timimi L, Marcassa E, Ulferts R, Beale R. Conjugation of ATG8s to single membranes at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261031. [PMID: 39145464 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy refers to a set of degradative mechanisms whereby cytoplasmic contents are targeted to the lysosome. This is best described for macroautophagy, where a double-membrane compartment (autophagosome) is generated to engulf cytoplasmic contents. Autophagosomes are decorated with ubiquitin-like ATG8 molecules (ATG8s), which are recruited through covalent lipidation, catalysed by the E3-ligase-like ATG16L1 complex. LC3 proteins are ATG8 family members that are often used as a marker for autophagosomes. In contrast to canonical macroautophagy, conjugation of ATG8s to single membranes (CASM) describes a group of non-canonical autophagy processes in which ATG8s are targeted to pre-existing single-membrane compartments. CASM occurs in response to disrupted intracellular pH gradients, when the V-ATPase proton pump recruits ATG16L1 in a process called V-ATPase-ATG16L1-induced LC3 lipidation (VAIL). Recent work has demonstrated a parallel, alternative axis for CASM induction, triggered when the membrane recruitment factor TECPR1 recognises sphingomyelin exposed on the cytosolic face of a membrane and forms an alternative E3-ligase-like complex. This sphingomyelin-TECPR1-induced LC3 lipidation (STIL) is independent of the V-ATPase and ATG16L1. In light of these discoveries, this Cell Science at a Glance article summarises these two mechanisms of CASM to highlight how they differ from canonical macroautophagy, and from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Figueras-Novoa
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lewis Timimi
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Elena Marcassa
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW1 1AT, UK
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5
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Kawakami S, Johmura Y, Nakanishi M. Intracellular acidification and glycolysis modulate inflammatory pathway in senescent cells. J Biochem 2024; 176:97-108. [PMID: 38564227 PMCID: PMC11289320 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in various organs with ageing, and its accumulation induces chronic inflammation and age-related physiological dysfunctions. Several remodelling of intracellular environments have been identified in senescent cells, including enlargement of cell/nuclear size and intracellular acidification. Although these alterations of intracellular environments were reported to be involved in the unique characteristics of senescent cells, the contribution of intracellular acidification to senescence-associated cellular phenotypes is poorly understood. Here, we identified that the upregulation of TXNIP and its paralog ARRDC4 as a hallmark of intracellular acidification in addition to KGA-type GLS1. These genes were also upregulated in response to senescence-associated intracellular acidification. Neutralization of the intracellular acidic environment ameliorated not only senescence-related upregulation of TXNIP, ARRDC4 and KGA but also inflammation-related genes, possibly through suppression of PDK-dependent anaerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, we found that expression of the intracellular acidification-induced genes, TXNIP and ARRDC4, correlated with inflammatory gene expression in heterogeneous senescent cell population in vitro and even in vivo, implying that the contribution of intracellular pH to senescence-associated cellular features, such as SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawakami
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Johmura
- Division of Cancer and Senescence Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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6
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Sima CM, Buzilă ER, Trofin F, Păduraru D, Luncă C, Duhaniuc A, Dorneanu OS, Nastase EV. Emerging Strategies against Non-Typhoidal Salmonella: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7447-7472. [PMID: 39057083 PMCID: PMC11275306 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Even with the intensive efforts by public health programs to control and prevent it, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection remains an important public health challenge. It is responsible for approximately 150 million illnesses and 60,000 deaths worldwide annually. NTS infection poses significant risks with high rates of morbidity and mortality, leading to potential short- and long-term complications. There is growing concern among health authorities about the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, with multidrug resistance totaling 22.6% in Europe, highlighting an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Our review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NTS infection. We outline the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of NTS infection, as well as the events leading to invasive NTS infection and the subsequent complications associated with it. Given the widespread implications of antimicrobial resistance, our review also presents the global landscape of resistance, including multidrug resistance, and delve into the underlying mechanisms driving this resistance. The rising rates of antibiotic resistance frequently lead to treatment failures, emphasizing the importance of investigating alternative therapeutic options. Therefore, in this review we also explore potential alternative therapies that could offer promising approaches to treating NTS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mihaela Sima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Roxana Buzilă
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- Iasi Regional Center for Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, 700465 Iasi, Romania
| | - Felicia Trofin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Diana Păduraru
- “Dr. C.I. Parhon” Clinical Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cătălina Luncă
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Duhaniuc
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- Iasi Regional Center for Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, 700465 Iasi, Romania
| | - Olivia Simona Dorneanu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (E.R.B.); (F.T.); (C.L.); (A.D.)
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eduard Vasile Nastase
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Paddar MA, Wang F, Trosdal ES, Hendrix E, He Y, Salemi M, Mudd M, Jia J, Duque TLA, Javed R, Phinney B, Deretic V. Noncanonical roles of ATG5 and membrane atg8ylation in retromer assembly and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.602886. [PMID: 39026874 PMCID: PMC11257513 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.602886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
ATG5 is one of the core autophagy proteins with additional functions such as noncanonical membrane atg8ylation, which among a growing number of biological outputs includes control of tuberculosis in animal models. Here we show that ATG5 associates with retromer's core components VPS26, VPS29 and VPS35 and modulates retromer function. Knockout of ATG5 blocked trafficking of a key glucose transporter sorted by the retromer, GLUT1, to the plasma membrane. Knockouts of other genes essential for membrane atg8ylation, of which ATG5 is a component, affected GLUT1 sorting, indicating that membrane atg8ylation as a process affects retromer function and endosomal sorting. The contribution of membrane atg8ylation to retromer function in GLUT1 sorting was independent of canonical autophagy. These findings expand the scope of membrane atg8ylation to specific sorting processes in the cell dependent on the retromer and its known interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masroor Ahmad Paddar
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Fulong Wang
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Einar S Trosdal
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Emily Hendrix
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jingyue Jia
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thabata L A Duque
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Lead Contact
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8
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Xu M, Zhu Z, Meng S, Li H, Wang A, Barkema HW, Cobo ER, Kastelic JP, Khan MA, Gao J, Han B. Heme oxygenase activates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum of bovine mammary epithelial cells to promote TFEB entry into the nucleus to reduce the intracellular load of Mycoplasma bovis. Microbiol Res 2024; 284:127727. [PMID: 38636241 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase HO-1 (HMOX) regulates cellular inflammation and apoptosis, but its role in regulation of autophagy in Mycoplasma bovis infection is unknown. The objective was to determine how the HO-1/CO- Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-Ca2+- transcription factor EB (TFEB) signaling axis induces autophagy and regulates clearance of M. bovis by bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). M. bovis inhibited autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in bMECs and suppressed HO-1 protein and expression of related proteins, namely nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1). Activation of HO-1 and its production of carbon monoxide (CO) were required for induction of autophagy and clearance of intracellular M. bovis. Furthermore, when HO-1 was deficient, CO sustained cellular autophagy. HO-1 activation increased intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and cytosolic localization activity of TFEB via PERK. Knockdown of PERK or chelation of intracellular Ca2+ inhibited HO-1-induced M. bovis autophagy and clearance. M. bovis infection affected nuclear localization of lysosomal TFEB in the MiT/TFE transcription factor subfamily, whereas activation of HO-1 mediated dephosphorylation and intranuclear localization of TFEB, promoting autophagy, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic clearance of M. bovis. Nuclear translocation of TFEB in HO-1 was critical to induce M. bovis transport and survival of infected bMECs. Furthermore, the HO-1/CO-PERK-Ca2+-TFEB signaling axis induced autophagy and M. bovis clearance, providing a viable approach to treat persistent M. bovis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zimeng Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siyu Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haoxia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Anrui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - John P Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - Jian Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Wang X, Xu P, Bentley-DeSousa A, Hancock-Cerutti W, Cai S, Johnson BT, Tonelli F, Talaia G, Alessi DR, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P. Lysosome damage triggers acute formation of ER to lysosomes membrane tethers mediated by the bridge-like lipid transport protein VPS13C. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.08.598070. [PMID: 38895395 PMCID: PMC11185796 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.08.598070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Based on genetic studies, lysosome dysfunction is thought to play a pathogenetic role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that VPS13C, a bridge-like lipid transport protein and a PD gene, is a sensor of lysosome stress/damage. Upon lysosome membrane perturbation, VPS13C rapidly relocates from the cytosol to the surface of lysosomes where it tethers their membranes to the ER. This recruitment depends on Rab7 and requires release of a brake, most likely an intramolecular interaction within VPS13C, which hinders access of its VAB domain to lysosome-bound Rab7. While another PD protein, LRRK2, is also recruited to stressed/damaged lysosomes, its recruitment occurs at much later stages and by different mechanisms. Given the putative role of VPS13 proteins in bulk lipid transport, these findings suggest lipid delivery to lysosomes by VPS13C is part of an early response to lysosome damage.
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10
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Cui X, Wang YT. Function of autophagy genes in innate immune defense against mucosal pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 79:102456. [PMID: 38554450 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity is posed to constantly interact with commensal microbes and invading pathogens. As a fundamental cell biological pathway affecting immune response, autophagy regulates the interaction between mucosal immunity and microbes through multiple mechanisms, including direct elimination of microbes, control of inflammation, antigen presentation and lymphocyte homeostasis, and secretion of immune mediators. Some of these physiologically important functions do not involve canonical degradative autophagy but rely on certain autophagy genes and their 'autophagy gene-specific functions.' Here, we review the relationship between autophagy and important mucosal pathogens, including influenza virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Citrobacter rodentium, norovirus, and herpes simplex virus, with a particular focus on distinguishing the canonical versus gene-specific mechanisms of autophagy genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cui
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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11
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Bindschedler A, Schmuckli-Maurer J, Buchser S, Fischer TD, Wacker R, Davalan T, Brunner J, Heussler VT. LC3B labeling of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of Plasmodium berghei liver stage parasites depends on the V-ATPase and ATG16L1. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:1095-1111. [PMID: 38574236 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, undergoes an obligatory stage of intra-hepatic development before initiating a blood-stage infection. Productive invasion of hepatocytes involves the formation of a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) generated by the invagination of the host cell plasma membrane. Surrounded by the PV membrane (PVM), the parasite undergoes extensive replication. During intracellular development in the hepatocyte, the parasites provoke the Plasmodium-associated autophagy-related (PAAR) response. This is characterized by a long-lasting association of the autophagy marker protein, and ATG8 family member, LC3B with the PVM. LC3B localization at the PVM does not follow the canonical autophagy pathway since upstream events specific to canonical autophagy are dispensable. Here, we describe that LC3B localization at the PVM of Plasmodium parasites requires the V-ATPase and its interaction with ATG16L1. The WD40 domain of ATG16L1 is crucial for its recruitment to the PVM. Thus, we provide new mechanistic insight into the previously described PAAR response targeting Plasmodium liver stage parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Bindschedler
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Buchser
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tara D Fischer
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rahel Wacker
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tim Davalan
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Brunner
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker T Heussler
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Iibushi J, Nozawa T, Toh H, Nakagawa I. ATG9B regulates bacterial internalization via actin rearrangement. iScience 2024; 27:109623. [PMID: 38706859 PMCID: PMC11066431 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive bacterial pathogens are internalized by host cells through endocytosis, which is regulated by a cascade of actin rearrangement signals triggered by host cell receptors or bacterial proteins delivered into host cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate actin rearrangement to promote bacterial invasion are not fully understood. Here, we show that the autophagy-related (ATG) protein ATG9B regulates the internalization of various bacteria by controlling actin rearrangement. ATG knockout screening and knockdown experiments in HeLa cells identified ATG9B as a critical factor for bacterial internalization. In particular, cells with ATG9B knockdown exhibited an accumulation of actin filaments and phosphorylated LIM kinase and cofilin, suggesting that ATG9B is involved in actin depolymerization. Furthermore, the kinase activity of Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 was found to regulate ATG9B localization and actin remodeling. These findings revealed a newly discovered function of ATG proteins in bacterial infection rather than autophagy-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Iibushi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Toh
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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13
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Ma W, Lu Y, Jin X, Lin N, Zhang L, Song Y. Targeting selective autophagy and beyond: From underlying mechanisms to potential therapies. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00199-1. [PMID: 38750694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved turnover process for intracellular substances in eukaryotes, relying on lysosomal (in animals) or vacuolar (in yeast and plants) mechanisms. In the past two decades, emerging evidence suggests that, under specific conditions, autophagy can target particular macromolecules or organelles for degradation, a process termed selective autophagy. Recently, accumulating studies have demonstrated that the abnormality of selective autophagy is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of many human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims at systematically and comprehensively introducing selective autophagy and its role in various diseases, while unravelling the molecular mechanisms of selective autophagy. By providing a theoretical basis for the development of related small-molecule drugs as well as treating related human diseases, this review seeks to contribute to the understanding of selective autophagy and its therapeutic potential. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, we systematically introduce and dissect the major categories of selective autophagy that have been discovered. We also focus on recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both classical and non-classical selective autophagy. Moreover, the current situation of small-molecule drugs targeting different types of selective autophagy is further summarized, providing valuable insights into the discovery of more candidate small-molecule drugs targeting selective autophagy in the future. On the other hand, we also reveal clinically relevant implementations that are potentially related to selective autophagy, such as predictive approaches and treatments tailored to individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yaowen Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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14
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Mulligan RJ, Magaj MM, Digilio L, Redemann S, Yap CC, Winckler B. Collapse of late endosomal pH elicits a rapid Rab7 response via the V-ATPase and RILP. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261765. [PMID: 38578235 PMCID: PMC11166203 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Endosomal-lysosomal trafficking is accompanied by the acidification of endosomal compartments by the H+-V-ATPase to reach low lysosomal pH. Disruption of the correct pH impairs lysosomal function and the balance of protein synthesis and degradation (proteostasis). Here, we treated mammalian cells with the small dipeptide LLOMe, which is known to permeabilize lysosomal membranes, and find that LLOMe also impacts late endosomes (LEs) by neutralizing their pH without causing membrane permeabilization. We show that LLOMe leads to hyperactivation of Rab7 (herein referring to Rab7a), and disruption of tubulation and mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR; also known as IGF2R) recycling on pH-neutralized LEs. pH neutralization (NH4Cl) and expression of Rab7 hyperactive mutants alone can both phenocopy the alterations in tubulation and CI-M6PR trafficking. Mechanistically, pH neutralization increases the assembly of the V1G1 subunit (encoded by ATP6V1G1) of the V-ATPase on endosomal membranes, which stabilizes GTP-bound Rab7 via RILP, a known interactor of Rab7 and V1G1. We propose a novel pathway by which V-ATPase and RILP modulate LE pH and Rab7 activation in concert. This pathway might broadly contribute to pH control during physiologic endosomal maturation or starvation and during pathologic pH neutralization, which occurs via lysosomotropic compounds and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Mulligan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Magdalena M. Magaj
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Laura Digilio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Stefanie Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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15
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Knyazeva A, Li S, Corkery DP, Shankar K, Herzog LK, Zhang X, Singh B, Niggemeyer G, Grill D, Gilthorpe JD, Gaetani M, Carlson LA, Waldmann H, Wu YW. A chemical inhibitor of IST1-CHMP1B interaction impairs endosomal recycling and induces noncanonical LC3 lipidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317680121. [PMID: 38635626 PMCID: PMC11047075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317680121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery constitutes multisubunit protein complexes that play an essential role in membrane remodeling and trafficking. ESCRTs regulate a wide array of cellular processes, including cytokinetic abscission, cargo sorting into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), membrane repair, and autophagy. Given the versatile functionality of ESCRTs, and the intricate organizational structure of the ESCRT machinery, the targeted modulation of distinct ESCRT complexes is considerably challenging. This study presents a pseudonatural product targeting IST1-CHMP1B within the ESCRT-III complexes. The compound specifically disrupts the interaction between IST1 and CHMP1B, thereby inhibiting the formation of IST1-CHMP1B copolymers essential for normal-topology membrane scission events. While the compound has no impact on cytokinesis, MVB sorting, or biogenesis of extracellular vesicles, it rapidly inhibits transferrin receptor recycling in cells, resulting in the accumulation of transferrin in stalled sorting endosomes. Stalled endosomes become decorated by lipidated LC3, suggesting a link between noncanonical LC3 lipidation and inhibition of the IST1-CHMP1B complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Knyazeva
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dale P. Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kasturika Shankar
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Laura K. Herzog
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics Unit, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birendra Singh
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Unit of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Georg Niggemeyer
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - David Grill
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Massimiliano Gaetani
- Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics Unit, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Carlson
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Tang J, Fang D, Zhong J, Li M. Missing WD40 Repeats in ATG16L1 Delays Canonical Autophagy and Inhibits Noncanonical Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4493. [PMID: 38674078 PMCID: PMC11050548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Canonical autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that forms double-membrane structures and mediates the degradation of long-lived proteins (LLPs). Noncanonical autophagy (NCA) is an important alternative pathway involving the formation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-positive structures that are independent of partial core autophagy proteins. NCA has been defined by the conjugation of ATG8s to single membranes (CASM). During canonical autophagy and NCA/CASM, LC3 undergoes a lipidation modification, and ATG16L1 is a crucial protein in this process. Previous studies have reported that the WDR domain of ATG16L1 is not necessary for canonical autophagy. However, our study found that WDR domain deficiency significantly impaired LLP degradation in basal conditions and slowed down LC3-II accumulation in canonical autophagy. We further demonstrated that the observed effect was due to a reduced interaction between ATG16L1 and FIP200/WIPI2, without affecting lysosome function or fusion. Furthermore, we also found that the WDR domain of ATG16L1 is crucial for chemical-induced NCA/CASM. The results showed that removing the WDR domain or introducing the K490A mutation in ATG16L1 significantly inhibited the NCA/CASM, which interrupted the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of the WDR domain of ATG16L1 for both canonical autophagy and NCA functions, improving our understanding of its role in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuge Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongmei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jialing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
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17
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Schmid M, Fischer P, Engl M, Widder J, Kerschbaum-Gruber S, Slade D. The interplay between autophagy and cGAS-STING signaling and its implications for cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356369. [PMID: 38660307 PMCID: PMC11039819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular process that targets various cargos for degradation, including members of the cGAS-STING signaling cascade. cGAS-STING senses cytosolic double-stranded DNA and triggers an innate immune response through type I interferons. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy plays a crucial role in regulating and fine-tuning cGAS-STING signaling. Reciprocally, cGAS-STING pathway members can actively induce canonical as well as various non-canonical forms of autophagy, establishing a regulatory network of feedback mechanisms that alter both the cGAS-STING and the autophagic pathway. The crosstalk between autophagy and the cGAS-STING pathway impacts a wide variety of cellular processes such as protection against pathogenic infections as well as signaling in neurodegenerative disease, autoinflammatory disease and cancer. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involved in autophagy and cGAS-STING signaling, with a specific focus on the interactions between the two pathways and their importance for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schmid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Fischer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Engl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Widder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Kerschbaum-Gruber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Dea Slade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Regmi KC, Ghosh S, Koch B, Neumann U, Stein B, O'Connell RJ, Innes RW. Three-Dimensional Ultrastructure of Arabidopsis Cotyledons Infected with Colletotrichum higginsianum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:396-406. [PMID: 38148303 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0068-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to study the host-pathogen interface between Arabidopsis cotyledons and the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. By combining high-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution with SBF-SEM, followed by segmentation and reconstruction of the imaging volume using the freely accessible software IMOD, we created 3D models of the series of cytological events that occur during the Colletotrichum-Arabidopsis susceptible interaction. We found that the host cell membranes underwent massive expansion to accommodate the rapidly growing intracellular hypha. As the fungal infection proceeded from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic stage, the host cell membranes went through increasing levels of disintegration culminating in host cell death. Intriguingly, we documented autophagosomes in proximity to biotrophic hyphae using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a concurrent increase in autophagic flux between early to mid/late biotrophic phase of the infection process. Occasionally, we observed osmiophilic bodies in the vicinity of biotrophic hyphae using TEM only and near necrotrophic hyphae under both TEM and SBF-SEM. Overall, we established a method for obtaining serial SBF-SEM images, each with a lateral (x-y) pixel resolution of 10 nm and an axial (z) resolution of 40 nm, that can be reconstructed into interactive 3D models using the IMOD. Application of this method to the Colletotrichum-Arabidopsis pathosystem allowed us to more fully understand the spatial arrangement and morphological architecture of the fungal hyphae after they penetrate epidermal cells of Arabidopsis cotyledons and the cytological changes the host cell undergoes as the infection progresses toward necrotrophy. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh C Regmi
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | - Suchismita Ghosh
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | - Benjamin Koch
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Barry Stein
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | | | - Roger W Innes
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
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19
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Eguchi T, Sakurai M, Wang Y, Saito C, Yoshii G, Wileman T, Mizushima N, Kuwahara T, Iwatsubo T. The V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis recruits LRRK2 to facilitate the lysosomal stress response. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202302067. [PMID: 38227290 PMCID: PMC10791558 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a Rab kinase associated with Parkinson's disease and several inflammatory diseases, has been shown to localize to stressed lysosomes and get activated to regulate lysosomal homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of LRRK2 recruitment and activation have not been well understood. Here, we found that the ATG8 conjugation system regulates the recruitment of LRRK2 as well as LC3 onto single membranes of stressed lysosomes/phagosomes. This recruitment did not require FIP200-containing autophagy initiation complex, nor did it occur on double-membrane autophagosomes, suggesting independence from canonical autophagy. Consistently, LRRK2 recruitment was regulated by the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis, which requires the WD40 domain of ATG16L1 and specifically mediates ATG8 lipidation on single membranes. This mechanism was also responsible for the lysosomal stress-induced activation of LRRK2 and the resultant regulation of lysosomal secretion and enlargement. These results indicate that the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis serves a novel non-autophagic role in the maintenance of lysosomal homeostasis by recruiting LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Eguchi
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Sakurai
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingxue Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Chieko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshii
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Deretic V, Klionsky DJ. An expanding repertoire of E3 ligases in membrane Atg8ylation. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:307-308. [PMID: 38225349 PMCID: PMC11164235 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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21
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Scharte F, Franzkoch R, Hensel M. Flagella-mediated cytosolic motility of Salmonella enterica Paratyphi A aids in evasion of xenophagy but does not impact egress from host cells. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:413-430. [PMID: 37278220 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a common foodborne, facultative intracellular enteropathogen. Typhoidal serovars like Paratyphi A (SPA) are human restricted and cause severe systemic diseases, while many serovars like Typhimurium (STM) have a broad host range, and usually lead to self-limiting gastroenteritis. There are key differences between typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella in pathogenesis, but underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Transcriptomes and phenotypes in epithelial cells revealed induction of motility, flagella and chemotaxis genes for SPA but not STM. SPA exhibited cytosolic motility mediated by flagella. In this study, we applied single-cell microscopy to analyze triggers and cellular consequences of cytosolic motility. Live-cell imaging (LCI) revealed that SPA invades host cells in a highly cooperative manner. Extensive membrane ruffling at invasion sites led to increased membrane damage in nascent Salmonella-containing vacuole, and subsequent cytosolic release. After release into the cytosol, motile bacteria showed the same velocity as under culture conditions in media. Reduced capture of SPA by autophagosomal membranes was observed by LCI and electron microscopy. Prior work showed that SPA does not use flagella-mediated motility for cell exit via the intercellular spread. However, cytosolic motile SPA was invasion-primed if released from host cells. Our results reveal flagella-mediated cytosolic motility as a possible xenophagy evasion mechanism that could drive disease progression and contributes to the dissemination of systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scharte
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Rico Franzkoch
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Universität Osnabrück, iBiOs-Integrated Bioimaging Facility, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Universität Osnabrück, CellNanOs-Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück, Germany
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22
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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Zhou J, Li C, Lu M, Jiang G, Chen S, Li H, Lu K. Pharmacological induction of autophagy reduces inflammation in macrophages by degrading immunoproteasome subunits. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002537. [PMID: 38447109 PMCID: PMC10917451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective autophagy is linked to proinflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms by which autophagy limits inflammation remain elusive. Here, we found that the pan-FGFR inhibitor LY2874455 efficiently activated autophagy and suppressed expression of proinflammatory factors in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Multiplex proteomic profiling identified the immunoproteasome, which is a specific isoform of the 20s constitutive proteasome, as a substrate that is degraded by selective autophagy. SQSTM1/p62 was found to be a selective autophagy-related receptor that mediated this degradation. Autophagy deficiency or p62 knockdown blocked the effects of LY2874455, leading to the accumulation of immunoproteasomes and increases in inflammatory reactions. Expression of proinflammatory factors in autophagy-deficient macrophages could be reversed by immunoproteasome inhibitors, confirming the pivotal role of immunoproteasome turnover in the autophagy-mediated suppression on the expression of proinflammatory factors. In mice, LY2874455 protected against LPS-induced acute lung injury and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and caused low levels of proinflammatory cytokines and immunoproteasomes. These findings suggested that selective autophagy of the immunoproteasome was a key regulator of signaling via the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaoyue Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huihui Li
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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24
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Ma L, Han T, Zhan YA. Mechanism and role of mitophagy in the development of severe infection. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:88. [PMID: 38374038 PMCID: PMC10876966 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate and potentially contribute to proinflammatory responses and cell death. Mitophagy, as a conservative phenomenon, scavenges waste mitochondria and their components in the cell. Recent studies suggest that severe infections develop alongside mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy abnormalities. Restoring mitophagy protects against excessive inflammation and multiple organ failure in sepsis. Here, we review the normal mitophagy process, its interaction with invading microorganisms and the immune system, and summarize the mechanism of mitophagy dysfunction during severe infection. We highlight critical role of normal mitophagy in preventing severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-An Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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25
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Mulligan R, Magaj M, Digilio L, Redemann S, Yap C, Winckler B. Collapse of late endosomal pH elicits a rapid Rab7 response via V-ATPase and RILP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.24.563658. [PMID: 37961579 PMCID: PMC10634777 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal-lysosomal trafficking is accompanied by the acidification of endosomal compartments by the H+-V-ATPase to reach low lysosomal pH. Disruption of proper pH impairs lysosomal function and the balance of protein synthesis and degradation (proteostasis). We used the small dipeptide LLOMe, which is known to permeabilize lysosomal membranes, and find that LLOMe also impacts late endosomes (LEs) by neutralizing their pH without causing membrane permeabilization. We show that LLOMe leads to hyper-activation of Rab7 and disruption of tubulation and mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) recycling on pH-neutralized LEs. Either pH neutralization (NH4Cl) or Rab7 hyper-active mutants alone can phenocopy the alterations in tubulation and CI-M6PR trafficking. Mechanistically, pH neutralization increases the assembly of the V1G1 subunit of the V-ATPase on endosomal membranes, which stabilizes GTP-bound Rab7 via RILP, a known interactor of Rab7 and V1G1. We propose a novel pathway by which V-ATPase and RILP modulate LE pH and Rab7 activation in concert. This pathway might broadly contribute to pH control during physiologic endosomal maturation or starvation and during pathologic pH neutralization, which occurs via lysosomotropic compounds or in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.J. Mulligan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - M.M. Magaj
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - L. Digilio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - S. Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - C.C. Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - B Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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26
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Santra S, Nayak I, Paladhi A, Das D, Banerjee A. Estimates of differential toxin expression governing heterogeneous intracellular lifespans of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260891. [PMID: 38411297 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Following invasion of the host cell, pore-forming toxins secreted by pathogens compromise vacuole integrity and expose the microbe to diverse intracellular defence mechanisms. However, the quantitative correlation between toxin expression levels and consequent pore dynamics, fostering the intracellular life of pathogens, remains largely unexplored. In this study, using Streptococcus pneumoniae and its secreted pore-forming toxin pneumolysin (Ply) as a model system, we explored various facets of host-pathogen interactions in the host cytosol. Using time-lapse fluorescence imaging, we monitored pore formation dynamics and lifespans of different pneumococcal subpopulations inside host cells. Based on experimental histograms of various event timescales such as pore formation time, vacuolar death or cytosolic escape time and total degradation time, we developed a mathematical model based on first-passage processes that could correlate the event timescales to intravacuolar toxin accumulation. This allowed us to estimate Ply production rate, burst size and threshold Ply quantities that trigger these outcomes. Collectively, we present a general method that illustrates a correlation between toxin expression levels and pore dynamics, dictating intracellular lifespans of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Santra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Indrani Nayak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankush Paladhi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dibyendu Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
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27
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Zhou M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Choi SH, Shao S, Wang Q. Type III secretion system effector YfiD inhibits the activation of host poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 to promote bacterial infection. Commun Biol 2024; 7:162. [PMID: 38332126 PMCID: PMC10853565 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulation of cell death is a powerful strategy employed by pathogenic bacteria to evade host immune clearance and occupy profitable replication niches during infection. Intracellular pathogens employ the type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effectors, which interfere with regulated cell death pathways to evade immune defenses. Here, we reveal that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1)-dependent cell death restrains Edwardsiella piscicida's proliferation in mouse monocyte macrophages J774A.1, of which PARP1 activation results in the accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) and enhanced inflammatory response. Moreover, E. piscicida, an important intracellular pathogen, leverages a T3SS effector YfiD to impair PARP1's activity and inhibit PAR accumulation. Once translocated into the host nucleus, YfiD binds to the ADP-ribosyl transferase (ART) domain of PARP1 to suppress its PARylation ability as the pharmacological inhibitor of PARP1 behaves. Furthermore, the interaction between YfiD and ART mainly relies on the complete unfolding of the helical domain, which releases the inhibitory effect on ART. In addition, YfiD impairs the inflammatory response and cell death in macrophages and promotes in vivo colonization and virulence of E. piscicida. Collectively, our results establish the functional mechanism of YfiD as a potential PARP1 inhibitor and provide more insights into host defense against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases of MOA, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Shanghai Haosi Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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28
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Xun J, Zhang Z, Lv B, Lu D, Yang H, Shang G, Tan JX. A conserved ion channel function of STING mediates noncanonical autophagy and cell death. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:544-569. [PMID: 38177926 PMCID: PMC10897221 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGAS/STING pathway triggers inflammation upon diverse cellular stresses such as infection, cellular damage, aging, and diseases. STING also triggers noncanonical autophagy, involving LC3 lipidation on STING vesicles through the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis, as well as induces cell death. Although the proton pump V-ATPase senses organelle deacidification in other contexts, it is unclear how STING activates V-ATPase for noncanonical autophagy. Here we report a conserved channel function of STING in proton efflux and vesicle deacidification. STING activation induces an electron-sparse pore in its transmembrane domain, which mediates proton flux in vitro and the deacidification of post-Golgi STING vesicles in cells. A chemical ligand of STING, C53, which binds to and blocks its channel, strongly inhibits STING-mediated proton flux in vitro. C53 fully blocks STING trafficking from the ER to the Golgi, but adding C53 after STING arrives at the Golgi allows for selective inhibition of STING-dependent vesicle deacidification, LC3 lipidation, and cell death, without affecting trafficking. The discovery of STING as a channel opens new opportunities for selective targeting of canonical and noncanonical STING functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Xun
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Defen Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haoxiang Yang
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Guijun Shang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Structure Determination, SAARI, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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29
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Zhang Y, Xu M, Guo Y, Chen L, Vongsangnak W, Xu Q, Lu L. Programmed cell death and Salmonella pathogenesis: an interactive overview. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1333500. [PMID: 38249488 PMCID: PMC10797706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1333500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is the collective term for the intrinsically regulated death of cells. Various types of cell death are triggered by their own programmed regulation during the growth and development of organisms, as well as in response to environmental and disease stresses. PCD encompasses apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and other forms. PCD plays a crucial role not only in the growth and development of organisms but also in serving as a component of the host innate immune defense and as a bacterial virulence strategy employed by pathogens during invasion. The zoonotic pathogen Salmonella has the ability to modulate multiple forms of PCD, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy, within the host organism. This modulation subsequently impacts the bacterial infection process. This review aims to consolidate recent findings regarding the mechanisms by which Salmonella initiates and controls cell death signaling, the ways in which various forms of cell death can impede or restrict bacterial proliferation, and the interplay between cell death and innate immune pathways that can counteract Salmonella-induced suppression of host cell death. Ultimately, these insights may contribute novel perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical Salmonella-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maodou Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujiao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Sun X, Yang Y, Meng X, Li J, Liu X, Liu H. PANoptosis: Mechanisms, biology, and role in disease. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:246-262. [PMID: 37823450 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell death can be executed through distinct subroutines. PANoptosis is a unique inflammatory cell death modality involving the interactions between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which can be mediated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes assembled via integrating components from other cell death modalities. There is growing interest in the process and function of PANoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that PANoptosis occurs under diverse stimuli, for example, viral or bacterial infection, cytokine storm, and cancer. Given the impact of PANoptosis across the disease spectrum, this review briefly describes the relationships between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, highlights the key molecules in PANoptosome formation and PANoptosis activation, and outlines the multifaceted roles of PANoptosis in diseases together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. We also discuss important concepts and pressing issues for future PANoptosis research. Improved understanding of PANoptosis and its mechanisms is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Yang
- Cardiac Care Unit, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Meng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaimin Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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31
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Awuah WA, Tan JK, Shkodina AD, Ferreira T, Adebusoye FT, Mazzoleni A, Wellington J, David L, Chilcott E, Huang H, Abdul-Rahman T, Shet V, Atallah O, Kalmanovich J, Jiffry R, Madhu DE, Sikora K, Kmyta O, Delva MY. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Novel insights into the pathogenesis and management. SAGE Open Med 2023; 12:20503121231221941. [PMID: 38162912 PMCID: PMC10757446 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231221941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterised primarily by muscle stiffness in the lower limbs. Neurodegenerative disorders are conditions that result from cellular and metabolic abnormalities, many of which have strong genetic ties. While ageing is a known contributor to these changes, certain neurodegenerative disorders can manifest early in life, progressively affecting a person's quality of life. Hereditary spastic paraplegia is one such condition that can appear in individuals of any age. In hereditary spastic paraplegia, a distinctive feature is the degeneration of long nerve fibres in the corticospinal tract of the lower limbs. This degeneration is linked to various cellular and metabolic processes, including mitochondrial dysfunction, remodelling of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, autophagy, abnormal myelination processes and alterations in lipid metabolism. Additionally, hereditary spastic paraplegia affects processes like endosome membrane trafficking, oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms. Disease-causing genetic loci and associated genes influence the progression and severity of hereditary spastic paraplegia, potentially affecting various cellular and metabolic functions. Although hereditary spastic paraplegia does not reduce a person's lifespan, it significantly impairs their quality of life as they age, particularly with more severe symptoms. Regrettably, there are currently no treatments available to halt or reverse the pathological progression of hereditary spastic paraplegia. This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of hereditary spastic paraplegia, emphasising the interactions of various genes identified in recent network studies. By comprehending these associations, targeted molecular therapies that address these biochemical processes can be developed to enhance treatment strategies for hereditary spastic paraplegia and guide clinical practice effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anastasiia D Shkodina
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Tomas Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adele Mazzoleni
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Jack Wellington
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Lian David
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ellie Chilcott
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Helen Huang
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Vallabh Shet
- Faculty of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka, India
| | - Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Riaz Jiffry
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Mykhailo Yu Delva
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
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Corkery D, Ursu A, Lucas B, Grigalunas M, Kriegler S, Oliva R, Dec R, Koska S, Pahl A, Sievers S, Ziegler S, Winter R, Wu YW, Waldmann H. Inducin Triggers LC3-Lipidation and ESCRT-Mediated Lysosomal Membrane Repair. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300579. [PMID: 37869939 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipidation of the LC3 protein has frequently been employed as a marker of autophagy. However, LC3-lipidation is also triggered by stimuli not related to canonical autophagy. Therefore, characterization of the driving parameters for LC3 lipidation is crucial to understanding the biological roles of LC3. We identified a pseudo-natural product, termed Inducin, that increases LC3 lipidation independently of canonical autophagy, impairs lysosomal function and rapidly recruits Galectin 3 to lysosomes. Inducin treatment promotes Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-dependent membrane repair and transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent lysosome biogenesis ultimately leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Andrei Ursu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Belén Lucas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Kriegler
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Robert Dec
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandra Koska
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
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33
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Zhou QM, Zheng L. Research progress on the relationship between Paneth cells-susceptibility genes, intestinal microecology and inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:8111-8125. [PMID: 38130785 PMCID: PMC10731169 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i34.8111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder of the immune system and intestinal microecosystem caused by environmental factors in genetically susceptible people. Paneth cells (PCs) play a central role in IBD pathogenesis, especially in Crohn's disease development, and their morphology, number and function are regulated by susceptibility genes. In the intestine, PCs participate in the formation of the stem cell microenvironment by secreting antibacterial particles and play a role in helping maintain the intestinal microecology and intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Moreover, PC proliferation and maturation depend on symbiotic flora in the intestine. This paper describes the interactions among susceptibility genes, PCs and intestinal microecology and their effects on IBD occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanxi 321100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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34
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Cross J, Durgan J, McEwan DG, Tayler M, Ryan KM, Florey O. Lysosome damage triggers direct ATG8 conjugation and ATG2 engagement via non-canonical autophagy. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202303078. [PMID: 37796195 PMCID: PMC10561555 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells harness multiple pathways to maintain lysosome integrity, a central homeostatic process. Damaged lysosomes can be repaired or targeted for degradation by lysophagy, a selective autophagy process involving ATG8/LC3. Here, we describe a parallel ATG8/LC3 response to lysosome damage, mechanistically distinct from lysophagy. Using a comprehensive series of biochemical, pharmacological, and genetic approaches, we show that lysosome damage induces non-canonical autophagy and Conjugation of ATG8s to Single Membranes (CASM). Following damage, ATG8s are rapidly and directly conjugated onto lysosome membranes, independently of ATG13/WIPI2, lipidating to PS (and PE), a molecular hallmark of CASM. Lysosome damage drives V-ATPase V0-V1 association, direct recruitment of ATG16L1 via its WD40-domain/K490A, and is sensitive to Salmonella SopF. Lysosome damage-induced CASM is associated with formation of dynamic, LC3A-positive tubules, and promotes robust LC3A engagement with ATG2, a lipid transfer protein central to lysosome repair. Together, our data identify direct ATG8 conjugation as a rapid response to lysosome damage, with important links to lipid transfer and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Cross
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanne Durgan
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - David G. McEwan
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Tumour Cell Death and Autophagy Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oliver Florey
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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35
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Sun Y, Wang X, Yang X, Wang L, Ding J, Wang CC, Zhang H, Wang X. V-ATPase recruitment to ER exit sites switches COPII-mediated transport to lysosomal degradation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2761-2775.e5. [PMID: 37922908 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy is crucial to regulate the function and homeostasis of the ER via lysosomal degradation, but how it is initiated is unclear. Here we discover that Z-AAT, a disease-causing mutant of α1-antitrypsin, induces noncanonical ER-phagy at ER exit sites (ERESs). Accumulation of misfolded Z-AAT at the ERESs impairs coat protein complex II (COPII)-mediated ER-to-Golgi transport and retains V0 subunits that further assemble V-ATPase at the arrested ERESs. V-ATPase subsequently recruits ATG16L1 onto ERESs to mediate in situ lipidation of LC3C. FAM134B-II is then recruited by LC3C via its LIR motif and elicits ER-phagy leading to efficient lysosomal degradation of Z-AAT. Activation of this ER-phagy mediated by the V-ATPase-ATG16L1-LC3C axis (EVAC) is also triggered by blocking ER export. Our findings identify a pathway which switches COPII-mediated transport to lysosomal degradation for ER quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi'e Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjin Ding
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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36
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Zheng Z, Zhao M, Shan H, Fang D, Jin Z, Tang J, Liu Z, Hong L, Liu P, Li M. Noncanonical autophagy is a new strategy to inhibit HSV-1 through STING1 activation. Autophagy 2023; 19:3096-3112. [PMID: 37471002 PMCID: PMC10621258 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2237794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STING1 (stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1) plays an essential role in immune responses for virus inhibition via inducing the production of type I interferon, inflammatory factors and macroautophagy/autophagy. In this study, we found that STING1 activation could induce not only canonical autophagy but also non-canonical autophagy (NCA) which is independent of the ULK1 or BECN1 complexes to form MAP1LC3/LC3-positive structures. Whether STING1-induced NCA has similar characters and physiological functions to canonical autophagy is totally unknown. Different from canonical autophagy, NCA could increase single-membrane structures and failed to degrade long-lived proteins, and could be strongly suppressed by interrupting vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) activity. Importantly, STING1-induced NCA could effectively inhibit DNA virus HSV-1 in cell model. Moreover, STING1 [1-340], a STING1 mutant lacking immunity and inflammatory response due to deletion of the tail end of STING1, could degrade virus through NCA alone, suggesting that the antiviral effect of activated STING1 could be separately mediated by inherent immunity, canonical autophagy, and NCA. In addition, the translocation and dimerization of STING1 do not rely on its immunity function and autophagy pathway. Similar to canonical autophagy, LC3-positive structures of NCA induced by STING1 could finally fuse with lysosomes, and the degradation of HSV-1 could be reverted by inhibition of lysosome function, suggesting that the elimination of DNA virus via NCA still requires the lysosome pathway. Collectively, we proved that besides its classical immunity function and canonical autophagy pathway, STING1-induced NCA is also an efficient antiviral pathway for the host cell.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; Baf: bafilomycin A1; CASM: conjugation of LC3 to a single membrane; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; cGAMP: cyclic GMP-AMP; CQ: chloroquine; CTD: C-terminal domain; CTT: C-terminal tail; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERGIC: ER-Golgi intermediate compartment; HSV-1: herpes simplex virus 1; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; IFNs: interferons; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TGOLN2/TGN46: trans-golgi network protein 2; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPase; VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuyi Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiuge Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu L, Gray JL, Tate EW, Yang A. Bacterial enzymes: powerful tools for protein labeling, cell signaling, and therapeutic discovery. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1385-1399. [PMID: 37328400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a diverse set of enzymes that enable them to subvert host defense mechanisms as well as to form part of the prokaryotic immune system. Due to their unique and varied biochemical activities, these bacterial enzymes have emerged as key tools for understanding and investigating biological systems. In this review, we summarize and discuss some of the most prominent bacterial enzymes used for the site-specific modification of proteins, in vivo protein labeling, proximity labeling, interactome mapping, signaling pathway manipulation, and therapeutic discovery. Finally, we provide a perspective on the complementary advantages and limitations of using bacterial enzymes compared with chemical probes for exploring biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Janine L Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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38
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Li W, Ren Q, Ni T, Zhao Y, Sang Z, Luo R, Li Z, Li S. Strategies adopted by Salmonella to survive in host: a review. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:362. [PMID: 37904066 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella, a Gram-negative bacterium that infects humans and animals, causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to severe systemic infections. Here, we discuss various strategies used by Salmonella against host cell defenses. Epithelial cell invasion largely depends on a Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1-encoded type 3 secretion system, a molecular syringe for injecting effector proteins directly into host cells. The internalization of Salmonella into macrophages is primarily driven by phagocytosis. After entering the host cell cytoplasm, Salmonella releases many effectors to achieve intracellular survival and replication using several secretion systems, primarily an SPI-2-encoded type 3 secretion system. Salmonella-containing vacuoles protect Salmonella from contacting bactericidal substances in epithelial cells and macrophages. Salmonella modulates the immunity, metabolism, cell cycle, and viability of host cells to expand its survival in the host, and the intracellular environment of Salmonella-infected cells promotes its virulence. This review provides insights into how Salmonella subverts host cell defenses for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwu Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qili Ren
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ting Ni
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zichun Sang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Renli Luo
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Sanqiang Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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39
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Fischer TD, Bunker EN, Zhu PP, Le Guerroué F, Dominguez-Martin E, Scavone F, Cohen R, Yao T, Wang Y, Werner A, Youle RJ. STING induces LUBAC-mediated synthesis of linear ubiquitin chains to stimulate innate immune signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.14.562349. [PMID: 37873486 PMCID: PMC10592814 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.14.562349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
STING activation by cyclic dinucleotides in mammals induces interferon- and NFκB -related gene expression, and the lipidation of LC3B at Golgi membranes. While mechanisms of the interferon response are well understood, the mechanisms of NFκB activation mediated by STING remain unclear. We report that STING activation induces K63- and M1-linked/linear ubiquitin chain formation at LC3B-associated Golgi membranes. Loss of the LUBAC E3 ubiquitin ligase prevents formation of linear, but not K63-linked ubiquitin chains or STING activation and inhibits STING-induced NFκB and IRF3-mediated signaling in monocytic THP1 cells. The proton channel activity of STING is also important for both K63 and linear ubiquitin chain formation, and NFκB- and interferon-related gene expression. Thus, LUBAC synthesis of linear ubiquitin chains regulates STING-mediated innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara D. Fischer
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric N. Bunker
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peng-Peng Zhu
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - François Le Guerroué
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eunice Dominguez-Martin
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Scavone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tingting Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Mass Spectrometry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Achim Werner
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard J. Youle
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
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40
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Gao Z, Wang B, Zhang L. Activated STING: an ion channel to trigger non-interferon-related functions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:388. [PMID: 37840036 PMCID: PMC10577127 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Gao
- International Biomed-X Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- International Biomed-X Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- International Biomed-X Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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41
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Dong M, Fitzgerald KA. STING channels its proton power. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3402-3403. [PMID: 37802022 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Induction of type I interferon by the STING pathway is a cornerstone of innate immunity. STING also turns on non-canonical autophagy and inflammasome activation although the underlying mechanisms remain ill defined. Liu et al.1 discovered that STING forms a channel that directs proton efflux from the Golgi to drive these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Dong
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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42
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Miao C, Zhang Y, Yu M, Wei Y, Dong C, Pei G, Xiao Y, Yang J, Yao Z, Wang Q. HSPA8 regulates anti-bacterial autophagy through liquid-liquid phase separation. Autophagy 2023; 19:2702-2718. [PMID: 37312409 PMCID: PMC10472862 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2223468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
HSPA8 (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8) plays a significant role in the autophagic degradation of proteins, however, its effect on protein stabilization and anti-bacterial autophagy remains unknown. Here, it is discovered that HSPA8, as a binding partner of RHOB and BECN1, induce autophagy for intracellular bacteria clearance. Using its NBD and LID domains, HSPA8 physically binds to RHOB residues 1-42 and 89-118 as well as to BECN1 ECD domain, preventing RHOB and BECN1 degradation. Intriguingly, HSPA8 contains predicted intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), and drives liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to concentrate RHOB and BECN1 into HSPA8-formed liquid-phase droplets, resulting in improved RHOB and BECN1 interactions. Our study reveals a novel role and mechanism of HSPA8 in modulating anti-bacterial autophagy, and highlights the effect of LLPS-related HSPA8-RHOB-BECN1 complex on enhancing protein interaction and stabilization, which improves the understanding of autophagy-mediated defense against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, the Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, the Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, the Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, the Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Geng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, the Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, the Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, the Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, the Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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43
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Banerjee S, Prinz WA. Early steps in the birth of four membrane-bound organelles-Peroxisomes, lipid droplets, lipoproteins, and autophagosomes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 84:102210. [PMID: 37531895 PMCID: PMC10926090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound organelles allow cells to traffic cargo and separate and regulate metabolic pathways. While many organelles are generated by the growth and division of existing organelles, some can also be produced de novo, often in response to metabolic cues. This review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the early steps in the de novo biogenesis of peroxisomes, lipid droplets, lipoproteins, and autophagosomes. These organelles play critical roles in cellular lipid metabolism and other processes, and their dysfunction causes or is linked to several human diseases. The de novo biogenesis of these organelles occurs in or near the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This review summarizes recent progress and highlights open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Banerjee
- Dept of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William A Prinz
- Dept of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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44
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Jiang S, He J, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Zhao S. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220739. [PMID: 37791056 PMCID: PMC10543702 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the role of bacterial lipoprotein (BLP) in autophagy and apoptosis. Western blot was used to examine autophagy biomarkers in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) after infection with Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and BLP stimulation. In BMDMs, enhanced protein expression of LC3-II was observed after S. typhimurium or S. aureus infection (P < 0.05) and BLP stimulation (P < 0.05). Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine resulted in increased levels of LC3-Ⅱ and p62 protein (P < 0.05). Persistently upregulated expressions of Atg3 and Atg7 were observed following BLP stimulation (P < 0.05), and knockdown of Atg3 or Atg7 significantly attenuated BLP-enhanced protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ in BMDMs. Furthermore, we found that the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine prevented BLP- and infection-induced macrophage apoptosis. BLP is not only required for autophagy and apoptosis activation in macrophages but also for regulating the balance between autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 71000, China
| | - Jinyao He
- Clinical Laboratory, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 71000, China
| | - Qiaojiajie Zhao
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 71000, China
| | - Shuqi Zhao
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 71000, China
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45
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Deretic V. Atg8ylation as a host-protective mechanism against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FRONTIERS IN TUBERCULOSIS 2023; 1:1275882. [PMID: 37901138 PMCID: PMC10612523 DOI: 10.3389/ftubr.2023.1275882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Nearly two decades have passed since the first report on autophagy acting as a cell-autonomous defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This helped usher a new area of research within the field of host-pathogen interactions and led to the recognition of autophagy as an immunological mechanism. Interest grew in the fundamental mechanisms of antimicrobial autophagy and in the prophylactic and therapeutic potential for tuberculosis. However, puzzling in vivo data have begun to emerge in murine models of M. tuberculosis infection. The control of infection in mice affirmed the effects of certain autophagy genes, specifically ATG5, but not of other ATGs. Recent studies with a more complete inactivation of ATG genes now show that multiple ATG genes are indeed necessary for protection against M. tuberculosis. These particular ATG genes are involved in the process of membrane atg8ylation. Atg8ylation in mammalian cells is a broad response to membrane stress, damage and remodeling of which canonical autophagy is one of the multiple downstream outputs. The current developments clarify the controversies and open new avenues for both fundamental and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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46
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Li TY, Wang Q, Gao AW, Li X, Sun Y, Mottis A, Shong M, Auwerx J. Lysosomes mediate the mitochondrial UPR via mTORC1-dependent ATF4 phosphorylation. Cell Discov 2023; 9:92. [PMID: 37679337 PMCID: PMC10484937 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are central platforms for not only the degradation of macromolecules but also the integration of multiple signaling pathways. However, whether and how lysosomes mediate the mitochondrial stress response (MSR) remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that lysosomal acidification via the vacuolar H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) is essential for the transcriptional activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Mitochondrial stress stimulates v-ATPase-mediated lysosomal activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which then directly phosphorylates the MSR transcription factor, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Disruption of mTORC1-dependent ATF4 phosphorylation blocks the UPRmt, but not other similar stress responses, such as the UPRER. Finally, ATF4 phosphorylation downstream of the v-ATPase/mTORC1 signaling is indispensable for sustaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis and protecting cells from ROS-associated cell death upon mitochondrial stress. Thus, v-ATPase/mTORC1-mediated ATF4 phosphorylation via lysosomes links mitochondrial stress to UPRmt activation and mitochondrial function resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terytty Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Laboratory of Longevity and Metabolic Adaptations, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Qi Wang
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arwen W Gao
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Laboratory of Longevity and Metabolic Adaptations, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Minho Shong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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47
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Boyle KB, Ellison CJ, Elliott PR, Schuschnig M, Grimes K, Dionne MS, Sasakawa C, Munro S, Martens S, Randow F. TECPR1 conjugates LC3 to damaged endomembranes upon detection of sphingomyelin exposure. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113012. [PMID: 37409490 PMCID: PMC10476172 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive bacteria enter the cytosol of host cells through initial uptake into bacteria-containing vacuoles (BCVs) and subsequent rupture of the BCV membrane, thereby exposing to the cytosol intraluminal, otherwise shielded danger signals such as glycans and sphingomyelin. The detection of glycans by galectin-8 triggers anti-bacterial autophagy, but how cells sense and respond to cytosolically exposed sphingomyelin remains unknown. Here, we identify TECPR1 (tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 1) as a receptor for cytosolically exposed sphingomyelin, which recruits ATG5 into an E3 ligase complex that mediates lipid conjugation of LC3 independently of ATG16L1. TECPR1 binds sphingomyelin through its N-terminal DysF domain (N'DysF), a feature not shared by other mammalian DysF domains. Solving the crystal structure of N'DysF, we identified key residues required for the interaction, including a solvent-exposed tryptophan (W154) essential for binding to sphingomyelin-positive membranes and the conjugation of LC3 to lipids. Specificity of the ATG5/ATG12-E3 ligase responsible for the conjugation of LC3 is therefore conferred by interchangeable receptor subunits, that is, the canonical ATG16L1 and the sphingomyelin-specific TECPR1, in an arrangement reminiscent of certain multi-subunit ubiquitin E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B Boyle
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Cara J Ellison
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Paul R Elliott
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Martina Schuschnig
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Krista Grimes
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and InfectionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marc S Dionne
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and InfectionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Medical Mycology Research CenterChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Nippon Institute for Biological ScienceOmeJapan
| | - Sean Munro
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Felix Randow
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's HospitalUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Shi J, Gong Y, Shi H, Ma X, Zhu Y, Yang F, Wang D, Fu Y, Lin Y, Yang N, Yang Z, Zeng C, Li W, Zhou C, Wang X, Qiao Y. ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' secretory protein SDE3 inhibits host autophagy to promote Huanglongbing disease in citrus. Autophagy 2023; 19:2558-2574. [PMID: 37249424 PMCID: PMC10392736 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2213040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial acroautophagy/autophagy plays a vital role in degrading intracellular pathogens or microbial molecules in host-microbe interactions. However, microbes evolved various mechanisms to hijack or modulate autophagy to escape elimination. Vector-transmitted phloem-limited bacteria, Candidatus Liberibacter (Ca. Liberibacter) species, cause Huanglongbing (HLB), one of the most catastrophic citrus diseases worldwide, yet contributions of autophagy to HLB disease proliferation remain poorly defined. Here, we report the identification of a virulence effector in "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" (Las), SDE3, which is highly conserved among the "Ca. Liberibacter". SDE3 expression not only promotes the disease development of HLB and canker in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) plants but also facilitates Phytophthora and viral infections in Arabidopsis, and Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana). SDE3 directly associates with citrus cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (CsGAPCs), which negatively regulates plant immunity. Overexpression of CsGAPCs and SDE3 significantly inhibits autophagy in citrus, Arabidopsis, and N. benthamiana. Intriguingly, SDE3 undermines autophagy-mediated immunity by the specific degradation of CsATG8 family proteins in a CsGAPC1-dependent manner. CsATG8 degradation is largely rescued by treatment with an inhibitor of the late autophagic pathway, E64d. Furthermore, ectopic expression of CsATG8s enhances Phytophthora resistance. Collectively, these results suggest that SDE3-CsGAPC interactions modulate CsATG8-mediated autophagy to enhance Las progression in citrus.Abbreviations: ACP: asian citrus psyllid; ACD2: ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 2; ATG: autophagy related; Ca. Liberibacter: Candidatus Liberibacter; CaMV: cauliflower mosaic virus; CMV: cucumber mosaic virus; Cs: Citrus sinensis; EV: empty vector; GAPC: cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HLB: huanglongbing; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; Las: liberibacter asiaticus; Laf: liberibacter africanus; Lam: liberibacter americanus; Pst: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato; PVX: potato virus X; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SDE3: sec-delivered effector 3; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; VIVE : virus-induced virulence effector; WT: wild-type; Xcc: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Shi
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiying Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuhui Yang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Changyong Zhou
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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49
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Yang H, Tan JX. Lysosomal quality control: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:749-764. [PMID: 36717330 PMCID: PMC10374877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are essential catabolic organelles with an acidic lumen and dozens of hydrolytic enzymes. The detrimental consequences of lysosomal leakage have been well known since lysosomes were discovered during the 1950s. However, detailed knowledge of lysosomal quality control mechanisms has only emerged relatively recently. It is now clear that lysosomal leakage triggers multiple lysosomal quality control pathways that replace, remove, or directly repair damaged lysosomes. Here, we review how lysosomal damage is sensed and resolved in mammalian cells, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying different lysosomal quality control pathways. We also discuss the clinical implications and therapeutic potential of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Yang
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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50
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Ge J, Wang Y, Chen X, Yu K, Luo ZQ, Liu X, Qiu J. Phosphoribosyl-linked serine ubiquitination of USP14 by the SidE family effectors of Legionella excludes p62 from the bacterial phagosome. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112817. [PMID: 37471226 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenophagy is an evolutionarily conserved host defensive mechanism to eliminate invading microorganisms through autophagic machinery. The intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila can avoid clearance by the xenophagy pathway via the actions of multiple Dot/Icm effector proteins. Previous studies have shown that p62, an adaptor protein involved in xenophagy signaling, is excluded from Legionella-containing vacuoles (LCVs). Such defects are attributed to the multifunctional SidE family effectors (SidEs) that exhibit classic deubiquitinase (DUB) and phosphoribosyl ubiquitination (PR-ubiquitination) activities, yet the mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrate that the host DUB USP14 is PR-ubiquitinated by SidEs at multiple serine residues, which impairs its DUB activity and its interactions with p62. The exclusion of p62 from the bacterial phagosome requires the ubiquitin ligase but not the DUB activity of SidEs. These results reveal that PR-ubiquitination of USP14 by SidEs contributes to the evasion of xenophagic clearance by L. pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xindi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kaiwen Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhao-Qing Luo
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jiazhang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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