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Karampelias C, Băloiu B, Rathkolb B, da Silva-Buttkus P, Bachar-Wikström E, Marschall S, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Chu L, Hrabě de Angelis M, Andersson O. Examining the liver-pancreas crosstalk reveals a role for the molybdenum cofactor in β-cell regeneration. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402771. [PMID: 39159974 PMCID: PMC11333758 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of insulin-producing β-cells is an alternative avenue to manage diabetes, and it is crucial to unravel this process in vivo during physiological responses to the lack of β-cells. Here, we aimed to characterize how hepatocytes can contribute to β-cell regeneration, either directly or indirectly via secreted proteins or metabolites, in a zebrafish model of β-cell loss. Using lineage tracing, we show that hepatocytes do not directly convert into β-cells even under extreme β-cell ablation conditions. A transcriptomic analysis of isolated hepatocytes after β-cell ablation displayed altered lipid- and glucose-related processes. Based on the transcriptomics, we performed a genetic screen that uncovers a potential role of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthetic pathway in β-cell regeneration and glucose metabolism in zebrafish. Consistently, molybdenum cofactor synthesis 2 (Mocs2) haploinsufficiency in mice indicated dysregulated glucose metabolism and liver function. Together, our study sheds light on the liver-pancreas crosstalk and suggests that the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis pathway should be further studied in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Karampelias
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Băloiu
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia da Silva-Buttkus
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Etty Bachar-Wikström
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan Marschall
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lianhe Chu
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Olov Andersson
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang T, Zhao C, Li Y, Wu J, Wang F, Yu J, Wang Z, Gao Y, Zhao L, Liu Y, Yan Y, Li X, Gao H, Hu Z, Cui B, Li K. FGD5 in basal cells induces CXCL14 secretion that initiates a feedback loop to promote murine mammary epithelial growth and differentiation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2085-2100.e9. [PMID: 38821057 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The interactions of environmental compartments with epithelial cells are essential for mammary gland development and homeostasis. Currently, the direct crosstalk between the endothelial niche and mammary epithelial cells remains poorly understood. Here, we show that faciogenital dysplasia 5 (FGD5) is enriched in mammary basal cells (BCs) and mediates critical interactions between basal and endothelial cells (ECs) in the mammary gland. Conditional deletion of Fgd5 reduced, whereas conditional knockin of Fgd5 increased, the engraftment and expansion of BCs, regulating ductal morphogenesis in the mammary gland. Mechanistically, murine mammary BC-expressed FGD5 inhibited the transcriptional activity of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), leading to subsequent transcriptional activation and secretion of CXCL14. Furthermore, activation of CXCL14/CXCR4/ERK signaling in primary murine mammary stromal ECs enhanced the expression of HIF-1α-regulated hedgehog ligands, which initiated a positive feedback loop to promote the function of BCs. Collectively, these findings identify functionally important interactions between BCs and the endothelial niche that occur through the FGD5/CXCL14/hedgehog axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yunxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinmei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yechao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Zhuowei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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López-Gil JC, García-Silva S, Ruiz-Cañas L, Navarro D, Palencia-Campos A, Giráldez-Trujillo A, Earl J, Dorado J, Gómez-López G, Monfort-Vengut A, Alcalá S, Gaida MM, García-Mulero S, Cabezas-Sáinz P, Batres-Ramos S, Barreto E, Sánchez-Tomero P, Vallespinós M, Ambler L, Lin ML, Aicher A, García García de Paredes A, de la Pinta C, Sanjuanbenito A, Ruz-Caracuel I, Rodríguez-Garrote M, Guerra C, Carrato A, de Cárcer G, Sánchez L, Nombela-Arrieta C, Espinet E, Sanchez-Arevalo Lobo VJ, Heeschen C, Sainz B. The Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 confers immune evasive properties on pancreatic cancer stem cells. Gut 2024; 73:1489-1508. [PMID: 38754953 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has limited therapeutic options, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Highly chemoresistant 'stem-like' cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are implicated in PDAC aggressiveness. Thus, comprehending how this subset of cells evades the immune system is crucial for advancing novel therapies. DESIGN We used the KPC mouse model (LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx-1-Cre) and primary tumour cell lines to investigate putative CSC populations. Transcriptomic analyses were conducted to pinpoint new genes involved in immune evasion. Overexpressing and knockout cell lines were established with lentiviral vectors. Subsequent in vitro coculture assays, in vivo mouse and zebrafish tumorigenesis studies, and in silico database approaches were performed. RESULTS Using the KPC mouse model, we functionally confirmed a population of cells marked by EpCAM, Sca-1 and CD133 as authentic CSCs and investigated their transcriptional profile. Immune evasion signatures/genes, notably the gene peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), were significantly overexpressed in these CSCs. Modulating PGLYRP1 impacted CSC immune evasion, affecting their resistance to macrophage-mediated and T-cell-mediated killing and their tumourigenesis in immunocompetent mice. Mechanistically, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-regulated PGLYRP1 expression interferes with the immune tumour microenvironment (TME) landscape, promoting myeloid cell-derived immunosuppression and activated T-cell death. Importantly, these findings were not only replicated in human models, but clinically, secreted PGLYRP1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with PDAC. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes PGLYRP1 as a novel CSC-associated marker crucial for immune evasion, particularly against macrophage phagocytosis and T-cell killing, presenting it as a promising target for PDAC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-Gil
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana García-Silva
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Cañas
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Biobanco Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Navarro
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Palencia-Campos
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Giráldez-Trujillo
- Grupo de Oncología Cutánea, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospiral Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie Earl
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Área Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Dorado
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Monfort-Vengut
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Alcalá
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, JGU-Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- TRON, JGU-Mainz, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, JGU-Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra García-Mulero
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Universidad de Barcelona Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Cabezas-Sáinz
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Sandra Batres-Ramos
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Barreto
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Área Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Patricia Sánchez-Tomero
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Vallespinós
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leah Ambler
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Meng-Lay Lin
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Aicher
- Precision Immunotherapy, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ana García García de Paredes
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Sanjuanbenito
- Área Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Pancreatic and Biliopancreatic Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel
- Área Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Ramon y Cajal University Hospital Anatomy Pathology Service, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Pathology of Cancer Group, Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rodríguez-Garrote
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Área Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Área Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - César Nombela-Arrieta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Universidad de Barcelona Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Javier Sanchez-Arevalo Lobo
- Grupo de Oncología Cutánea, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospiral Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Oncología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBM) Sols-Morreale CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Biomarkers and Personalized Approach to Cancer Group (BIOPAC), Area 3 Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Área Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Li Y, Xu M, Chen J, Huang J, Cao J, Chen H, Zhang J, Luo Y, Wang Y, Sun J. Ameliorating and refining islet organoids to illuminate treatment and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:188. [PMID: 38937834 PMCID: PMC11210168 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a significant global public health challenge, severely impacts human health worldwide. The organoid, an innovative in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture model, closely mimics tissues or organs in vivo. Insulin-secreting islet organoid, derived from stem cells induced in vitro with 3D structures, has emerged as a potential alternative for islet transplantation and as a possible disease model that mirrors the human body's in vivo environment, eliminating species difference. This technology has gained considerable attention for its potential in diabetes treatment. Despite advances, the process of stem cell differentiation into islet organoid and its cultivation demonstrates deficiencies, prompting ongoing efforts to develop more efficient differentiation protocols and 3D biomimetic materials. At present, the constructed islet organoid exhibit limitations in their composition, structure, and functionality when compared to natural islets. Consequently, further research is imperative to achieve a multi-tissue system composition and improved insulin secretion functionality in islet organoid, while addressing transplantation-related safety concerns, such as tumorigenicity, immune rejection, infection, and thrombosis. This review delves into the methodologies and strategies for constructing the islet organoid, its application in diabetes treatment, and the pivotal scientific challenges within organoid research, offering fresh perspectives for a deeper understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Cao
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajing Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Wang Q, Huang YX, Liu L, Zhao XH, Sun Y, Mao X, Li SW. Pancreatic islet transplantation: current advances and challenges. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1391504. [PMID: 38887292 PMCID: PMC11180903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1391504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease that traditionally requires severe reliance on medication for treatment. Oral medication and exogenous insulin can only temporarily maintain blood glucose levels and do not cure the disease. Most patients need life-long injections of exogenous insulin. In recent years, advances in islet transplantation have significantly advanced the treatment of diabetes, allowing patients to discontinue exogenous insulin and avoid complications.Long-term follow-up results from recent reports on islet transplantation suggest that they provide significant therapeutic benefit although patients still require immunotherapy, suggesting the importance of future transplantation strategies. Although organ shortage remains the primary obstacle for the development of islet transplantation, new sources of islet cells, such as stem cells and porcine islet cells, have been proposed, and are gradually being incorporated into clinical research. Further research on new transplantation sites, such as the subcutaneous space and mesenteric fat, may eventually replace the traditional portal vein intra-islet cell infusion. Additionally, the immunological rejection reaction in islet transplantation will be resolved through the combined application of immunosuppressant agents, islet encapsulation technology, and the most promising mesenchymal stem cells/regulatory T cell and islet cell combined transplantation cell therapy. This review summarizes the progress achieved in islet transplantation, and discusses the research progress and potential solutions to the challenges faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-xi Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-hong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MRL Global Medical Affairs, MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques and Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Chen J, Lu J, Wang SN, Miao CY. Application and challenge of pancreatic organoids in therapeutic research. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366417. [PMID: 38855754 PMCID: PMC11157021 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The in-vivo non-human primate animal and in-vitro cell disease models play a crucial part in the study of the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of pancreatic diseases, but with increasingly prominent limitations with in-depth research. Organoids derived from human pluripotent and adult stem cells resemble human in-vivo organs in their cellular composition, spatial tissue structure and physiological function, making them as an advantageous research tool. Up until now, numerous human organoids, including pancreas, have been effectively developed, demonstrating significant potential for research in organ development, disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. However, different from intestine, liver and other organs, the pancreas is the only special organ in the human body, consisting of an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland. Thus, the development of pancreatic organoid technology faces greater challenges, and how to construct a composite pancreatic organoid with exocrine and endocrine gland is still difficult in current research. By reviewing the fundamental architecture and physiological role of the human pancreas, along with the swiftly developing domain of pancreatic organoids, we summarize the method and characteristics of human pancreatic organoids, and its application in modeling pancreatic diseases, as a platform for individualized drug screening and in regenerative medicine study. As the first comprehensive review that focus on the pharmacological study of human pancreatic organoid, the review hopes to help scholars to have a deeper understanding in the study of pancreatic organoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changhai Hospital, Second Military University /Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University /Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changhai Hospital, Second Military University /Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University /Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University /Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Li J, Bode K, Lee YC, Morrow N, Ma A, Wei S, da Silva Pereira J, Stewart T, Lee-Papastavros A, Hollister-Lock J, Sullivan B, Bonner-Weir S, Yi P. Loss-of-function of ALDH3B2 transdifferentiates human pancreatic duct cells into beta-like cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593941. [PMID: 38798376 PMCID: PMC11118503 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Replenishment of pancreatic beta cells is a key to the cure for diabetes. Beta cells regeneration is achieved predominantly by self-replication especially in rodents, but it was also shown that pancreatic duct cells can transdifferentiate into beta cells. How pancreatic duct cells undergo transdifferentiated and whether we could manipulate the transdifferentiation to replenish beta cell mass is not well understood. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we discovered that loss-of-function of ALDH3B2 is sufficient to transdifferentiate human pancreatic duct cells into functional beta-like cells. The transdifferentiated cells have significant increase in beta cell marker genes expression, secrete insulin in response to glucose, and reduce blood glucose when transplanted into diabetic mice. Our study identifies a novel gene that could potentially be targeted in human pancreatic duct cells to replenish beta cell mass for diabetes therapy.
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8
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Park S, Cho SW. Bioengineering toolkits for potentiating organoid therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115238. [PMID: 38447933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional, multicellular constructs that recapitulate the structural and functional features of specific organs. Because of these characteristics, organoids have been widely applied in biomedical research in recent decades. Remarkable advancements in organoid technology have positioned them as promising candidates for regenerative medicine. However, current organoids still have limitations, such as the absence of internal vasculature, limited functionality, and a small size that is not commensurate with that of actual organs. These limitations hinder their survival and regenerative effects after transplantation. Another significant concern is the reliance on mouse tumor-derived matrix in organoid culture, which is unsuitable for clinical translation due to its tumor origin and safety issues. Therefore, our aim is to describe engineering strategies and alternative biocompatible materials that can facilitate the practical applications of organoids in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we highlight meaningful progress in organoid transplantation, with a particular emphasis on the functional restoration of various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Jin H, Xue Z, Liu J, Ma B, Yang J, Lei L. Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0016. [PMID: 38628309 PMCID: PMC11018530 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage and functional abnormalities in organs have become a considerable clinical challenge. Organoids are often applied as disease models and in drug discovery and screening. Indeed, several studies have shown that organoids are an important strategy for achieving tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction. In contrast to established stem cell therapies, organoids have high clinical relevance. However, conventional approaches have limited the application of organoids in clinical regenerative medicine. Engineered organoids might have the capacity to overcome these challenges. Bioengineering-a multidisciplinary field that applies engineering principles to biomedicine-has bridged the gap between engineering and medicine to promote human health. More specifically, bioengineering principles have been applied to organoids to accelerate their clinical translation. In this review, beginning with the basic concepts of organoids, we describe strategies for cultivating engineered organoids and discuss the multiple engineering modes to create conditions for breakthroughs in organoid research. Subsequently, studies on the application of engineered organoids in biofunction reconstruction and tissue repair are presented. Finally, we highlight the limitations and challenges hindering the utilization of engineered organoids in clinical applications. Future research will focus on cultivating engineered organoids using advanced bioengineering tools for personalized tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Zengqi Xue
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Jinnv Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Binbin Ma
- Department of Biology,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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10
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Choi J, Cayabyab F, Perez H, Yoshihara E. Scaling Insulin-Producing Cells by Multiple Strategies. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:191-205. [PMID: 38572534 PMCID: PMC11066437 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the quest to combat insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), allogenic pancreatic islet cell therapy sourced from deceased donors represents a significant therapeutic advance. However, the applicability of this approach is hampered by donor scarcity and the demand for sustained immunosuppression. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are a game-changing resource for generating synthetic functional insulin-producing β cells. In addition, novel methodologies allow the direct expansion of pancreatic progenitors and mature β cells, thereby circumventing prolonged differentiation. Nevertheless, achieving practical reproducibility and scalability presents a substantial challenge for this technology. As these innovative approaches become more prominent, it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate existing expansion techniques with an emphasis on their optimization and scalability. This manuscript delineates these cutting-edge advancements, offers a critical analysis of the prevailing strategies, and underscores pivotal challenges, including cost-efficiency and logistical issues. Our insights provide a roadmap, elucidating both the promises and the imperatives in harnessing the potential of these cellular therapies for IDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Choi
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Fritz Cayabyab
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Harvey Perez
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Eiji Yoshihara
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Liu J. Traditional and emerging strategies using hepatocytes for pancreatic regenerative medicine. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13545. [PMID: 38599852 PMCID: PMC11006621 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although pancreas and islet cell transplantation are the only ways to prevent the late complications of insulin-dependent diabetes, a shortage of donors is a major obstacle to tissue and organ transplantation. Stem cell therapy is an effective treatment for diabetes and other pancreatic-related diseases, which can be achieved by inducing their differentiation into insulin-secreting cells. The liver is considered an ideal source of pancreatic cells due to its similar developmental origin and strong regenerative ability as the pancreas. This article reviews the traditional and emerging strategies using hepatocytes for pancreatic regenerative medicine and evaluates their advantages and challenges. Gene reprogramming and chemical reprogramming technologies are traditional strategies with potential to improve the efficiency and specificity of cell reprogramming and promote the transformation of hepatocytes into islet cells. At the same time, organoid technology, as an emerging strategy, has received extensive attention. Biomaterials provide a three-dimensional culture microenvironment for cells, which helps improve cell survival and differentiation efficiency. In addition, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing technology has brought new opportunities and challenges to the development of organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - YuYing Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - YunFei Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - JianPing Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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12
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Fang X, Zhang Y, Miao R, Zhang Y, Yin R, Guan H, Huang X, Tian J. Single-cell sequencing: A promising approach for uncovering the characteristic of pancreatic islet cells in type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116292. [PMID: 38394848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing is a novel and rapidly advancing high-throughput technique that can be used to investigating genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics at a single-cell level. Currently, single-cell sequencing can not only be used to draw the pancreatic islet cells map and uncover the characteristics of cellular heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes, but can also be used to label and purify functional beta cells in pancreatic stem cells, improving stem cells and islet organoids therapies. In addition, this technology helps to analyze islet cell dedifferentiation and can be applied to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarize the development and process of single-cell sequencing, describe the potential applications of single-cell sequencing in the field of type 2 diabetes, and discuss the prospects and limitations of single-cell sequencing to provide a new direction for exploring the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and finding therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Huifang Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046013, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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13
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Sakata N, Yoshimatsu G, Kawakami R, Nakano K, Yamada T, Yamamura A, Nagashima H, Kodama S. The porcine islet-derived organoid showed the characteristics as pancreatic duct. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6401. [PMID: 38493252 PMCID: PMC10944495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoid is a tissue-engineered organ-like structure that resemble as an organ. Porcine islet-derived organoid might be used as an alternative donor of porcine islet xenotransplantation, a promising therapy for severe diabetes. In this study, we elucidated the characteristics of porcine islet organoids derived from porcine islets as a cell source for transplantation. Isolated porcine islets were 3D-cultured using growth factor-reduced matrigel in organoid culture medium consist of advanced DMEM/F12 with Wnt-3A, R-spondin, EGF, Noggin, IGF-1, bFGF, nicotinamide, B27, and some small molecules. Morphological and functional characteristics of islet organoids were evaluated in comparison with 2D-cultured islets in advanced DMEM/F12 medium. Relatively short-term (approximately 14 days)-cultured porcine islet organoids were enlarged and proliferated, but had an attenuated insulin-releasing function. Long-term (over a month)-cultured islet organoids could be passaged and cryopreserved. However, they showed pancreatic duct characteristics, including cystic induction, strong expression of Sox9, loss of PDX1 expression, and no insulin-releasing function. These findings were seen in long-term-cultured porcine islets. In conclusion, our porcine islet organoids showed the characteristics of pancreatic ducts. Further study is necessary for producing porcine islet-derived organoids having characteristics as islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Sakata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0872, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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14
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Zhang S, Xu G, Wu J, Liu X, Fan Y, Chen J, Wallace G, Gu Q. Microphysiological Constructs and Systems: Biofabrication Tactics, Biomimetic Evaluation Approaches, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300685. [PMID: 37798902 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs and MPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organized organoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances in biomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensor technologies have contributed to diverse and innovative biofabrication tactics. MPCs and MPSs, particularly tissue chips relevant to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, have demonstrated potential as precise, efficient, and economical alternatives to animal models for drug discovery and personalized medicine. However, current approaches mainly focus on the in vitro recapitulation of the human anatomical structure and physiological-biochemical indices at a single or a few simple levels. This review highlights the recent remarkable progress in MPC and MPS models and their applications. The challenges that must be addressed to assess the reliability, quantify the techniques, and utilize the fidelity of the models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Guoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Gordon Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Cheng Y, Zhu H, Ren J, Wu HY, Yu JE, Jin LY, Pang HY, Pan HT, Luo SS, Yan J, Dong KX, Ye LY, Zhou CL, Pan JX, Meng ZX, Yu T, Jin L, Lin XH, Wu YT, Yang HB, Liu XM, Sheng JZ, Ding GL, Huang HF. Follicle-stimulating hormone orchestrates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic islets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6991. [PMID: 37914684 PMCID: PMC10620214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in mammalian reproduction via binding to FSH receptor (FSHR). However, several studies have found that FSH and FSHR play important roles in extragonadal tissue. Here, we identified the expression of FSHR in human and mouse pancreatic islet β-cells. Blocking FSH signaling by Fshr knock-out led to impaired glucose tolerance owing to decreased insulin secretion, while high FSH levels caused insufficient insulin secretion as well. In vitro, we found that FSH orchestrated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in a bell curve manner. Mechanistically, FSH primarily activates Gαs via FSHR, promoting the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and calcium pathways to stimulate GSIS, whereas high FSH levels could activate Gαi to inhibit the cAMP/PKA pathway and the amplified effect on GSIS. Our results reveal the role of FSH in regulating pancreatic islet insulin secretion and provide avenues for future clinical investigation and therapeutic strategies for postmenopausal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-En Yu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Yang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Pan
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Si Luo
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Dong
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Yun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Xue Pan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Hua Lin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Mei Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.
| | - Guo-Lian Ding
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.
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16
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Zhang FL, Hu Z, Wang YF, Zhang WJ, Zhou BW, Sun QS, Lin ZB, Liu KX. Organoids transplantation attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through L-Malic acid-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6779. [PMID: 37880227 PMCID: PMC10600233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoid transplantation is a promising therapy for the treatment of mucosal injury. However, how the transplanted organoids regulate the immune microenvironment of recipient mice and their role in treating intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. Here, we establish a method for transplanting intestinal organoids into intestinal I/R mice. We find that transplantation improve mouse survival, promote self-renewal of intestinal stem cells and regulate the immune microenvironment after intestinal I/R, depending on the enhanced ability of macrophages polarized to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Specifically, we report that L-Malic acid (MA) is highly expressed and enriched in the organoids-derived conditioned medium and cecal contents of transplanted mice, demonstrating that organoids secrete MA during engraftment. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that MA induces M2 macrophage polarization and restores interleukin-10 levels in a SOCS2-dependent manner. This study provides a therapeutic strategy for intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ling Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bo-Wei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qi-Shun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ze-Bin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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17
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Hirano M, Yamada Y. Reprogramming of pancreatic islet cells for regeneration and rejuvenation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 82:102099. [PMID: 37611379 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The pancreatic β cell, which produces insulin, is a terminally differentiated cell type that divides rarely. Consequently, the regenerative ability of β cells is limited and irreversible diabetes occurs after severe loss of β-cell function. In view of such poor regenerative capacity, considerable research efforts have been made to promote the expansion of functional insulin-producing cells as a regenerative therapy for diabetes. Here, we discuss recent findings regarding the robust expansion of functional mature islet cells both in vivo and ex vivo through MYCL-mediated reprogramming. We also describe the potential prospects for the application of reprogramming technologies to regenerative therapy and rejuvenation of islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitada Hirano
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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18
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Weng G, Tao J, Liu Y, Qiu J, Su D, Wang R, Luo W, Zhang T. Organoid: Bridging the gap between basic research and clinical practice. Cancer Lett 2023; 572:216353. [PMID: 37599000 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the diagnosis and treatment system of malignant tumors has increasingly tended to be more precise and personalized while the existing tumor models are still unable to fully meet the needs of clinical practice. Notably, the emerging organoid platform has been proven to have huge potential in the field of basic-translational medicine, which is expected to promote a paradigm shift in personalized medicine. Here, given the unique advantages of organoid platform, we mainly explore the prominent role of organoid models in basic research and clinical practice from perspectives of tumor biology, tumorigenic microbes-host interaction, clinical decision-making, and regenerative strategy. In addition, we also put forward some practical suggestions on how to construct a new generation of organoid platform, which is destined to vigorously promote the reform of basic-translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihu Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jinxin Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China.
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19
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Jeon S, Lee YS, Oh SR, Jeong J, Lee DH, So KH, Hwang NS. Recent advances in endocrine organoids for therapeutic application. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114959. [PMID: 37301512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine system, consisting of the hypothalamus, pituitary, endocrine glands, and hormones, plays a critical role in hormone metabolic interactions. The complexity of the endocrine system is a significant obstacle to understanding and treating endocrine disorders. Notably, advances in endocrine organoid generation allow a deeper understanding of the endocrine system by providing better comprehension of molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Here, we highlight recent advances in endocrine organoids for a wide range of therapeutic applications, from cell transplantation therapy to drug toxicity screening, combined with development in stem cell differentiation and gene editing technologies. In particular, we provide insights into the transplantation of endocrine organoids to reverse endocrine dysfunctions and progress in developing strategies for better engraftments. We also discuss the gap between preclinical and clinical research. Finally, we provide future perspectives for research on endocrine organoids for the development of more effective treatments for endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seh Ri Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Jeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ha So
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Muller CJF. Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6216-6245. [PMID: 37623211 PMCID: PMC10453321 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased cell death and loss of beta-cell mass despite chronic treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in developing beta cell-centered therapies. Beta-cell regeneration is mediated by augmented beta-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation of other islet cell types to functional beta-like cells or the reprograming of beta-cell progenitors into fully differentiated beta cells. This mediation is orchestrated by beta-cell differentiation transcription factors and the regulation of the cell cycle machinery. This review investigates the beta-cell regenerative potential of antidiabetic plant extracts and phytochemicals. Various preclinical studies, including in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, are highlighted. Further, the potential regenerative mechanisms and the intra and extracellular mediators that are of significance are discussed. Also, the potential of phytochemicals to translate into regenerative therapies for T2D patients is highlighted, and some suggestions regarding future perspectives are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christo John Fredrick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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21
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Xie B, Gao D, Zhou B, Chen S, Wang L. New discoveries in the field of metabolism by applying single-cell and spatial omics. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:711-725. [PMID: 37577385 PMCID: PMC10422156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell multi-Omics (SCM-Omics) and spatial multi-Omics (SM-Omics) technologies provide state-of-the-art methods for exploring the composition and function of cell types in tissues/organs. Since its emergence in 2009, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has yielded many groundbreaking new discoveries. The combination of this method with the emergence and development of SM-Omics techniques has been a pioneering strategy in neuroscience, developmental biology, and cancer research, especially for assessing tumor heterogeneity and T-cell infiltration. In recent years, the application of these methods in the study of metabolic diseases has also increased. The emerging SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches allow the molecular and spatial analysis of cells to explore regulatory states and determine cell fate, and thus provide promising tools for unraveling heterogeneous metabolic processes and making them amenable to intervention. Here, we review the evolution of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics technologies, and describe the progress in the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics in metabolism-related diseases, including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also conclude that the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches can help resolve the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in the body and facilitate therapeutic measures for metabolism-related diseases. This review concludes with an overview of the current status of this emerging field and the outlook for its future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Biqiang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric & Spinal Pain Multi-Department Treatment, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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22
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Vandana JJ, Manrique C, Lacko LA, Chen S. Human pluripotent-stem-cell-derived organoids for drug discovery and evaluation. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:571-591. [PMID: 37146581 PMCID: PMC10775018 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and three-dimensional organoids have ushered in a new era for disease modeling and drug discovery. Over the past decade, significant progress has been in deriving functional organoids from hPSCs, which have been applied to recapitulate disease phenotypes. In addition, these advancements have extended the application of hPSCs and organoids for drug screening and clinical-trial safety evaluations. This review provides an overview of the achievements and challenges in using hPSC-derived organoids to conduct relevant high-throughput, high-contentscreens and drug evaluation. These studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge and toolbox for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jeya Vandana
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, The Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Manrique
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauretta A Lacko
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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23
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Li H, Weng W, Zhou B. Perfect duet: Dual recombinases improve genetic resolution. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13446. [PMID: 37060165 PMCID: PMC10212704 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a powerful genetic tool, site-specific recombinases (SSRs) have been widely used in genomic manipulation to elucidate cell fate plasticity in vivo, advancing research in stem cell and regeneration medicine. However, the low resolution of conventional single-recombinase-mediated lineage tracing strategies, which rely heavily on the specificity of one marker gene, has led to controversial conclusions in many scientific questions. Therefore, different SSRs systems are combined to improve the accuracy of lineage tracing. Here we review the recent advances in dual-recombinase-mediated genetic approaches, including the development of novel genetic recombination technologies and their applications in cell differentiation, proliferation, and genetic manipulation. In comparison with the single-recombinase system, we also discuss the advantages of dual-genetic strategies in solving scientific issues as well as their technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Wendong Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryShenzhenChina
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24
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Tan C, Ding M, Zheng YW. The Values and Perspectives of Organoids in the Field of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098125. [PMID: 37175830 PMCID: PMC10179392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global health problem, and the prevalence of obesity at all stages of life makes MetS research increasingly important and urgent. However, as a comprehensive and complex disease, MetS has lacked more appropriate research models. The advent of organoids provides an opportunity to address this issue. However, it should be noted that organoids are still in their infancy. The main drawbacks are a lack of maturity, complexity, and the inability to standardize large-scale production. Could organoids therefore be a better choice for studying MetS than other models? How can these limitations be overcome? Here, we summarize the available data to present current progress on pancreatic and hepatobiliary organoids and to answer these open questions. Organoids are of human origin and contain a variety of human cell types necessary to mimic the disease characteristics of MetS in their development. Taken together with the discovery of hepatobiliary progenitors in situ, the dedifferentiation of beta cells in diabetes, and studies on hepatic macrophages, we suggest that promoting endogenous regeneration has the potential to prevent the development of end-stage liver and pancreatic lesions caused by MetS and outline the direction of future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Min Ding
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 234-0006, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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25
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Beydag-Tasöz BS, Yennek S, Grapin-Botton A. Towards a better understanding of diabetes mellitus using organoid models. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:232-248. [PMID: 36670309 PMCID: PMC9857923 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of diabetes mellitus has benefited from a combination of clinical investigations and work in model organisms and cell lines. Organoid models for a wide range of tissues are emerging as an additional tool enabling the study of diabetes mellitus. The applications for organoid models include studying human pancreatic cell development, pancreatic physiology, the response of target organs to pancreatic hormones and how glucose toxicity can affect tissues such as the blood vessels, retina, kidney and nerves. Organoids can be derived from human tissue cells or pluripotent stem cells and enable the production of human cell assemblies mimicking human organs. Many organ mimics relevant to diabetes mellitus are already available, but only a few relevant studies have been performed. We discuss the models that have been developed for the pancreas, liver, kidney, nerves and vasculature, how they complement other models, and their limitations. In addition, as diabetes mellitus is a multi-organ disease, we highlight how a merger between the organoid and bioengineering fields will provide integrative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belin Selcen Beydag-Tasöz
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siham Yennek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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26
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Hu L, He L, Yang L, Qin Z, Xie Y, Peng X, Dai L. Function of stem cells in radiation-induced damage. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1483-1494. [PMID: 36912588 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2188935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review is to discuss previous studies on the function of stem cells in radiation-induced damage, and the factors affecting these processes, in the hope of improving our understanding of the different stem cells and the communication networks surrounding them. This is essential for the development of effective stem cell-based therapies to regenerate or replace normal tissues damaged by radiation. CONCLUSION In salivary glands, senescence-associated cytokines and inflammation-associated cells have a greater effect on stem cells. In the intestinal glands, Paneth cells strongly affect stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration after radiation treatment. In the pancreas, β-cells as well as protein C receptor positive (Procr) cells are expected to be key cells in the treatment of diabetes. In the bone marrow, a variety of cytokines such as CXC-chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and stem cell factor (SCF), contribute to the functional recovery of hematopoietic stem cells after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheran Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianlian Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijian Qin
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuping Xie
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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27
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Sasaki S, Miyatsuka T. Heterogeneity of Islet Cells during Embryogenesis and Differentiation. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:173-184. [PMID: 36631992 PMCID: PMC10040626 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin secretion due to β-cell dysfunction and/or β-cell loss. Therefore, the restoration of functional β-cells by the induction of β-cell differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) and induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, or from somatic non-β-cells, may be a promising curative therapy. To establish an efficient and feasible method for generating functional insulin-producing cells, comprehensive knowledge of pancreas development and β-cell differentiation, including the mechanisms driving cell fate decisions and endocrine cell maturation is crucial. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have opened a new era in pancreas development and diabetes research, leading to clarification of the detailed transcriptomes of individual insulin-producing cells. Such extensive high-resolution data enables the inference of developmental trajectories during cell transitions and gene regulatory networks. Additionally, advancements in stem cell research have not only enabled their immediate clinical application, but also has made it possible to observe the genetic dynamics of human cell development and maturation in a dish. In this review, we provide an overview of the heterogeneity of islet cells during embryogenesis and differentiation as demonstrated by scRNA-seq studies on the developing and adult pancreata, with implications for the future application of regenerative medicine for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
- Corresponding author: Takeshi Miyatsuka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-3450 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan E-mail:
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28
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Kikuchi A, Takagi J, Takada S, Ishitani T, Minami Y. Wnt 2022 EMBO | the Company of Biologists workshop and Yamada conference. Genes Cells 2023; 28:249-257. [PMID: 36846946 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Wnt2022 was held on November 15th-19th, 2022, in Awaji Yumebutai International Conference Center, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, as an in-person meeting for the first time in last 3 years. Wnt signaling is a highly conserved pathway among various species. Since Wnt1 was discovered in 1982, a number of studies using many model animals and human samples have revealed that Wnt signaling plays crucial roles in embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis, and regeneration, as well as many other physiological and pathological processes. Since the year 2022 marks the 40th anniversary of Wnt research, we aimed to look back at our research progress and discuss the future direction of this field. The scientific program consisted of plenary lectures, invited talks, short talks selected from abstracts, and poster sessions. Whereas several different Wnt meetings have been held almost every year in Europe and the United States, this was the first Wnt meeting convened in Asia. Therefore, Wnt2022 was highly anticipated to bring together leaders and young scientists from Europe, the United States, and especially Asia and Oceania. In fact, 148 researchers from 21 countries attended this meeting. Although there were travel and administrative restrictions due to COVID-19, the meeting was highly successful in enabling face-to-face discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kikuchi
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- National Institutes of Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Reserach Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Choi WH, Bae DH, Yoo J. Current status and prospects of organoid-based regenerative medicine. BMB Rep 2023; 56:10-14. [PMID: 36523211 PMCID: PMC9887105 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids derived from stem cells or organ-specific progenitors are self-organizable, self-renewable, and multicellular threedimensional (3D) structures that can mimic the function and structure of the derived tissue. Due to such characteristics, organoids are attracting attention as an excellent ex vivo model for drug screening at the stage of drug development. In addition, since the applicability of organoids as therapeutics for tissue regeneration has been embossed, the development of various organoids-based regenerative medicine has been rapidly progressing, reaching the clinical trial stage. In this review, we give a general overview of organoids and describe current status and prospects of organoid-based regenerative medicine, focusing on organoid-based regenerative therapeutics currently under development including clinical trials. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 10-14].
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuck Bae
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jongman Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Korea
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30
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Choi WH, Bae DH, Yoo J. Current status and prospects of organoid-based regenerative medicine. BMB Rep 2023; 56:10-14. [PMID: 36523211 PMCID: PMC9887105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids derived from stem cells or organ-specific progenitors are self-organizable, self-renewable, and multicellular threedimensional (3D) structures that can mimic the function and structure of the derived tissue. Due to such characteristics, organoids are attracting attention as an excellent ex vivo model for drug screening at the stage of drug development. In addition, since the applicability of organoids as therapeutics for tissue regeneration has been embossed, the development of various organoids-based regenerative medicine has been rapidly progressing, reaching the clinical trial stage. In this review, we give a general overview of organoids and describe current status and prospects of organoid-based regenerative medicine, focusing on organoid-based regenerative therapeutics currently under development including clinical trials. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 10-14].
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuck Bae
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jongman Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Korea
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Wang P, Li W, Liu Z, He X, Hong Q, Lan R, Liu Y, Chu M. Identification of WNT4 alternative splicing patterns and effects on proliferation of granulosa cells in goat. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1230-1242. [PMID: 36395931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing ovulation numbers is one of the most important ways to promote reproduction in mammals, and follicular granulosa cells (GCs) provide the necessary nutrients and microenvironment for oocytes to ovulate. WNT4 has been shown to be a key factor in regulating the proliferation of GCs in mammalian ovarian tissues. Our previous transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results have identified two alternatively spliced products of WNT4;however, little is known about the splicing mechanism and its effect on GC proliferation. In this study, two alternatively spliced products of WNT4, designated WNT4-α and WNT4-β, were identified by cloning and analyzed for their function by bioinformatics. The RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that the expression of WNT4-α was significantly higher than that of WNT4-β in the ovary tissues and GCs of Yunshang black goats. We therefore hypothesized that WNT4-α was the main isoform affecting the proliferation of goat GCs. Subsequently, goat GC proliferation assays showed that overexpression of WNT4-α significantly promoted GC proliferation, and the opposite was true after WNT4-α inhibition. The expression of marker genes of the Wnt signaling pathway was also examined and WNT4-α was found to affect the proliferation and hormone secretion of goat GCs by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, a series of splicing factors were involved in in the alternative splicing; in this study, SRSF6 was found to be involved as a splicing factor in the generation of WNT4 alternative splicing. In summary, WNT4 alternative splicing was mediated by the splicing factor SRSF6, and WNT4-α alternative splicing played an important role in follicle development and had a significant effect on the proliferation of goat GCs. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the WNT4 in follicle development in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Rong Lan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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La Noce M, Nicoletti GF, Papaccio G, Del Vecchio V, Papaccio F. Insulitis in Human Type 1 Diabetic Pancreas: From Stem Cell Grafting to Islet Organoids for a Successful Cell-Based Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233941. [PMID: 36497199 PMCID: PMC9740394 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with immune cells' islet infiltration (called "insulitis"), which leads to beta cell loss. Despite being the critical element of T1D occurrence and pathogenesis, insulitis is often present in a limited percentage of islets, also at diagnosis. Therefore, it is needed to define reproducible methods to detect insulitis and beta-cell decline, to allow accurate and early diagnosis and to monitor therapy. However, this goal is still far due to the morphological aspect of islet microvasculature, which is rather dense and rich, and is considerably rearranged during insulitis. More studies on microvasculature are required to understand if contrast-enhanced ultrasound sonography measurements of pancreatic blood-flow dynamics may provide a clinically deployable predictive marker to predict disease progression and therapeutic reversal in pre-symptomatic T1D patients. Therefore, it is needed to clarify the relation between insulitis and the dynamics of β cell loss and with coexisting mechanisms of dysfunction, according to clinical stage, as well as the micro vessels' dynamics and microvasculature reorganization. Moreover, the ideal cell-based therapy of T1D should start from an early diagnosis allowing a sufficient isolation of specific Procr+ progenitors, followed by the generation and expansion of islet organoids, which could be transplanted coupled to an immune-regulatory therapy which will permit the maintenance of pancreatic islets and an effective and long-lasting insulitis reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (F.P.); Tel.: +39-081-566-6014/4040 (G.P.); +39-089-96-5275 (F.P.)
| | - Vitale Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (F.P.); Tel.: +39-081-566-6014/4040 (G.P.); +39-089-96-5275 (F.P.)
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Zhao Z, Chen X, Dowbaj AM, Sljukic A, Bratlie K, Lin L, Fong ELS, Balachander GM, Chen Z, Soragni A, Huch M, Zeng YA, Wang Q, Yu H. Organoids. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:94. [PMID: 37325195 PMCID: PMC10270325 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have attracted increasing attention because they are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many aspects of the complex structure and function of the corresponding in vivo tissue. They can be dissected and interrogated for fundamental mechanistic studies on development, regeneration, and repair in human tissues. Organoids can also be used in diagnostics, disease modeling, drug discovery, and personalized medicine. Organoids are derived from either pluripotent or tissue-resident stem (embryonic or adult) or progenitor or differentiated cells from healthy or diseased tissues, such as tumors. To date, numerous organoid engineering strategies that support organoid culture and growth, proliferation, differentiation and maturation have been reported. This Primer serves to highlight the rationale underlying the selection and development of these materials and methods to control the cellular/tissue niche; and therefore, structure and function of the engineered organoid. We also discuss key considerations for generating robust organoids, such as those related to cell isolation and seeding, matrix and soluble factor selection, physical cues and integration. The general standards for data quality, reproducibility and deposition within the organoid community is also outlined. Lastly, we conclude by elaborating on the limitations of organoids in different applications, and key priorities in organoid engineering for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna M. Dowbaj
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Sljukic
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaitlin Bratlie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Luda Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Translational Tumor Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gowri Manohari Balachander
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Alice Soragni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Hanry Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, A*STAR, Singapore
- CAMP, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
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Unagolla JM, Jayasuriya AC. Recent advances in organoid engineering: A comprehensive review. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2022; 29:101582. [PMID: 38264423 PMCID: PMC10804911 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Organoid, a 3D structure derived from various cell sources including progenitor and differentiated cells that self-organize through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions to recapitulate the tissue/organ-specific architecture and function in vitro. The advancement of stem cell culture and the development of hydrogel-based extracellular matrices (ECM) have made it possible to derive self-assembled 3D tissue constructs like organoids. The ability to mimic the actual physiological conditions is the main advantage of organoids, reducing the excessive use of animal models and variability between animal models and humans. However, the complex microenvironment and complex cellular structure of organoids cannot be easily developed only using traditional cell biology. Therefore, several bioengineering approaches, including microfluidics, bioreactors, 3D bioprinting, and organoids-on-a-chip techniques, are extensively used to generate more physiologically relevant organoids. In this review, apart from organoid formation and self-assembly basics, the available bioengineering technologies are extensively discussed as solutions for traditional cell biology-oriented problems in organoid cultures. Also, the natural and synthetic hydrogel systems used in organoid cultures are discussed when necessary to highlight the significance of the stem cell microenvironment. The selected organoid models and their therapeutic applications in drug discovery and disease modeling are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janitha M. Unagolla
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo OH, United States
| | - Ambalangodage C. Jayasuriya
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo OH, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
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Verhoeff K, Cuesta-Gomez N, Jasra I, Marfil-Garza B, Dadheech N, Shapiro AMJ. Optimizing Generation of Stem Cell-Derived Islet Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2683-2698. [PMID: 35639237 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a highly effective treatment for select patients with type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately, current use is limited to those with brittle disease due to donor limitations and immunosuppression requirements. Discovery of factors for induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells into a malleable state has reinvigorated the possibility of autologous-based regenerative cell therapies. Similarly, recent progress in allogeneic human embryonic stem cell islet products is showing early success in clinical trials. Describing safe and standardized differentiation protocols with clear pathways to optimize yield and minimize off-target growth is needed to efficiently move the field forward. This review discusses current islet differentiation protocols with a detailed break-down of differentiation stages to guide step-wise controlled generation of functional islet products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Verhoeff
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ila Jasra
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Braulio Marfil-Garza
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, and CHRISTUS-LatAm Hub - Excellence and Innovation Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Nidheesh Dadheech
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- 1-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, 112 St. NW & 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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36
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Importance of multiple endocrine cell types in islet organoids for type 1 diabetes treatment. Transl Res 2022; 250:68-83. [PMID: 35772687 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost 50 years ago, scientists developed the bi-hormonal abnormality hypothesis, stating that diabetes is not caused merely by the impaired insulin signaling. Instead, the presence of inappropriate level of glucagon is a prerequisite for the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is widely understood that the hormones insulin and glucagon, secreted by healthy β and α cells respectively, operate in a negative feedback loop to maintain the body's blood sugar levels. Despite this fact, traditional T1D treatments rely solely on exogenous insulin injections. Furthermore, research on cell-based therapies and stem-cell derived tissues tends to focus on the replacement of β cells alone. In vivo, the pancreas is made up of 4 major endocrine cell types, that is, insulin-producing β cells, glucagon-producing α cells, somatostatin-producing δ cells, and pancreatic polypeptide-producing γ cells. These distinct cell types are involved synergistically in regulating islet functions. Therefore, it is necessary to produce a pancreatic islet organoid in vitro consisting of all these cell types that adequately replaces the function of the native islets. In this review, we describe the unique function of each pancreatic endocrine cell type and their interactions contributing to the maintenance of normoglycemia. Furthermore, we detail current sources of whole islets and techniques for their long-term expansion and culture. In addition, we highlight a vast potential of the pancreatic islet organoids for transplantation and diabetes research along with updated new approaches for successful transplantation using stem cell-derived islet organoids.
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Goode RA, Hum JM, Kalwat MA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6836713. [PMID: 36412119 PMCID: PMC9923807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic islet β-cells or a loss of β-cells themselves. Restoration of regulated insulin production is a predominant goal of translational diabetes research. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the fields of β-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement. The discovery of therapeutic targets and associated small molecules has been enabled by improved understanding of β-cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as advanced high-throughput screening methodologies. Important findings in β-cell transdifferentiation, neogenesis, and stem cell differentiation have nucleated multiple promising therapeutic strategies. In particular, clinical trials are underway using in vitro-generated β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Significant challenges remain for each of these strategies, but continued support for efforts in these research areas will be critical for the generation of distinct diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Goode
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael A Kalwat
- Correspondence: Michael A. Kalwat, PhD, Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, 1210 Waterway Blvd, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. or
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38
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Grapin-Botton A, Kim YH. Pancreas organoid models of development and regeneration. Development 2022; 149:278610. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Organoids have become one of the fastest progressing and applied models in biological and medical research, and various organoids have now been developed for most of the organs of the body. Here, we review the methods developed to generate pancreas organoids in vitro from embryonic, fetal and adult cells, as well as pluripotent stem cells. We discuss how these systems have been used to learn new aspects of pancreas development, regeneration and disease, as well as their limitations and potential for future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grapin-Botton
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics 1 , Dresden D-01307 , Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at The University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden 2 , Dresden D-01307 , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden 3 , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yung Hae Kim
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics 1 , Dresden D-01307 , Germany
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39
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Abstract
Virtually all cell types have the same DNA, yet each type exhibits its own cell-specific pattern of gene expression. During the brief period of mitosis, the chromosomes exhibit changes in protein composition and modifications, a marked condensation, and a consequent reduction in transcription. Yet as cells exit mitosis, they reactivate their cell-specific programs with high fidelity. Initially, the field focused on the subset of transcription factors that are selectively retained in, and hence bookmark, chromatin in mitosis. However, recent studies show that many transcription factors can be retained in mitotic chromatin and that, surprisingly, such retention can be due to nonspecific chromatin binding. Here, we review the latest studies focusing on low-level transcription via promoters, rather than enhancers, as contributing to mitotic memory, as well as new insights into chromosome structure dynamics, histone modifications, cell cycle signaling, and nuclear envelope proteins that together ensure the fidelity of gene expression through a round of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ito
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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40
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Tachibana N, Chijimatsu R, Okada H, Oichi T, Taniguchi Y, Maenohara Y, Miyahara J, Ishikura H, Iwanaga Y, Arino Y, Nagata K, Nakamoto H, Kato S, Doi T, Matsubayashi Y, Oshima Y, Terashima A, Omata Y, Yano F, Maeda S, Ikegawa S, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Tanaka S, Saito T. RSPO2 defines a distinct undifferentiated progenitor in the tendon/ligament and suppresses ectopic ossification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2138. [PMID: 35984875 PMCID: PMC9390986 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic endochondral ossification in the tendon/ligament is caused by repetitive mechanical overload or inflammation. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) contribute to tissue repair, and some express lubricin [proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)]. However, the mechanisms of ectopic ossification and association of TSPCs are not yet known. Here, we investigated the characteristics of Prg4-positive (+) cells and identified that R-spondin 2 (RSPO2), a WNT activator, is specifically expressed in a distinct Prg4+ TSPC cluster. The Rspo2+ cluster was characterized as mostly undifferentiated, and RSPO2 overexpression suppressed ectopic ossification in a mouse Achilles tendon puncture model via chondrogenic differentiation suppression. RSPO2 expression levels in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were lower than those in spondylosis patients, and RSPO2 protein suppressed chondrogenic differentiation of human ligament cells. RSPO2 was induced by inflammatory stimulation and mechanical loading via nuclear factor κB. Rspo2+ cells may contribute to tendon/ligament homeostasis under pathogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Tachibana
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oichi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Taniguchi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Maenohara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Miyahara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Ishikura
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Iwanaga
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Arino
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Nagata
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamoto
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Kato
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Doi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsubayashi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Oshima
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Terashima
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Bone and Joint Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Wang T. How the mechanical microenvironment of stem cell growth affects their differentiation: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:415. [PMID: 35964140 PMCID: PMC9375355 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation is of great interest in medical research; however, specifically and effectively regulating stem cell differentiation is still a challenge. In addition to chemical factors, physical signals are an important component of the stem cell ecotone. The mechanical microenvironment of stem cells has a huge role in stem cell differentiation. Herein, we describe the knowledge accumulated to date on the mechanical environment in which stem cells exist, which consists of various factors, including the extracellular matrix and topology, substrate stiffness, shear stress, hydrostatic pressure, tension, and microgravity. We then detail the currently known signalling pathways that stem cells use to perceive the mechanical environment, including those involving nuclear factor-kB, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the piezoelectric mechanosensitive ion channel, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Using this information in clinical settings to treat diseases is the goal of this research, and we describe the progress that has been made. In this review, we examined the effects of mechanical factors in the stem cell growth microenvironment on stem cell differentiation, how mechanical signals are transmitted to and function within the cell, and the influence of mechanical factors on the use of stem cells in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Sibo Zhang
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China.
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42
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Kou X, Liu J, Wang D, Yu M, Li C, Lu L, Chen C, Liu D, Yu W, Yu T, Liu Y, Mao X, Naji A, Cai T, Sun L, Shi S. Exocrine pancreas regeneration modifies original pancreas to alleviate diabetes in mouse models. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg9170. [PMID: 35921475 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg9170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major public health issue because of its widely epidemic nature and lack of cure. Here, we show that pancreas-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) are capable of regenerating exocrine pancreas when implanted into the kidney capsule of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Mechanistically, we found that the regenerated exocrine pancreas elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) in PMSC implants, which transiently activated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to inhibit IL-17, thereby rescuing damaged exocrine pancreas and islet β cells. In addition, we used knockout mouse models to show that global lack of IL-6, TNF-α, or IFN-γ resulted in increased severity of STZ-induced diabetes and resistance to PMSC implantation therapy, confirming the roles of these factors in safeguarding pancreatic β cells. Furthermore, removal of the kidney capsule PMSC implants at 28 days after implantation did not affect the PMSC-initiated therapeutic effect on diabetic mice. This study reveals a previously unknown role of exocrine pancreas regeneration in safeguarding β cells and demonstrates a "soil-rescues-seed" strategy for type 1 diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Kou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Can Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Xueli Mao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ali Naji
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tao Cai
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
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43
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Foglizzo V, Cocco E, Marchiò S. Advanced Cellular Models for Preclinical Drug Testing: From 2D Cultures to Organ-On-A-Chip Technology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153692. [PMID: 35954355 PMCID: PMC9367322 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Novel strategies that aim at personalizing cancer therapy are in rapid evolution. In the past decade, new methods to test for the efficacy of either standard-of-care medicines or novel targeted compounds have been implemented. In this review, we introduce the reader to experimental studies that employ patient-derived material to produce spheroids, organoids, or organs-on-a-chip as platforms that allow a more accurate representation of cancer complexity compared to bidimensional cell cultures. We discuss on the versatility and reliability of these model systems, provide evidence of their usage in drug screenings, and describe potential downfalls. The open question is whether or not tumor mimicry in vitro will be, in the near future, advanced enough to prospectively inform about treatment outcome on a certain patient. Abstract Cancer is a complex disease arising from a homeostatic imbalance of cell-intrinsic and microenvironment-related mechanisms. A multimodal approach to treat cancer that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy often fails in achieving tumor remission and produces unbearable side effects including secondary malignancies. Novel strategies have been implemented in the past decades in order to replace conventional chemotherapeutics with targeted, less toxic drugs. Up to now, scientists have relied on results achieved in animal research before proceeding to clinical trials. However, the high failure rate of targeted drugs in early phase trials leaves no doubt about the inadequacy of those models. In compliance with the need of reducing, and possibly replacing, animal research, studies have been conducted in vitro with advanced cellular models that more and more mimic the tumor in vivo. We will here review those methods that allow for the 3D reconstitution of the tumor and its microenvironment and the implementation of the organ-on-a-chip technology to study minimal organ units in disease progression. We will make specific reference to the usability of these systems as predictive cancer models and report on recent applications in high-throughput screenings of innovative and targeted drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Foglizzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (V.F.); (E.C.)
| | - Emiliano Cocco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (V.F.); (E.C.)
| | - Serena Marchiò
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Comparison of the Response to the CXCR4 Antagonist AMD3100 during the Development of Retinal Organoids Derived from ES Cells and Zebrafish Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137088. [PMID: 35806093 PMCID: PMC9266567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal organoids generated from human embryonic stem cells or iPSCs recreate the key structural and functional features of mammalian retinal tissue in vitro. However, the differences in the development of retinal organoids and normal retina in vivo are not well defined. Thus, in the present study, we analyzed the development of retinal organoids and zebrafish retina after inhibition of CXCR4, a key role in neurogenesis and optic nerve development, with the antagonist AMD3100. Our data indicated that CXCR4 was mainly expressed in ganglion cells in retinal organoids and was rarely expressed in amacrine or photoreceptor cells. AMD3100 treatment reduced the retinal organoid generation ratio, impaired differentiation, and induced morphological changes. Ganglion cells, amacrine cells, and photoreceptors were decreased and abnormal locations were observed in organoids treated with AMD3100. Neuronal axon outgrowth was also damaged in retinal organoids. Similarly, a decrease of ganglion cells, amacrine cells, and photoreceptors and the distribution of neural outgrowth was induced by AMD3100 treatment in zebrafish retina. However, abnormal photoreceptor ensembles induced by AMD3100 treatment in the organoids were not detected in zebrafish retina. Therefore, our study suggests that although retinal organoids might provide a reliable model for reproducing a retinal developmental model, there is a difference between the organoids and the retina in vivo.
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Cissy Yu Q, Bai L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Peng G, Wang D, Yang G, Cui G, Jing N, Arial Zeng Y. Embryonic vascular establishment requires protein C receptor-expressing endothelial progenitors. Development 2022; 149:275466. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Vascular establishment is one of the early events in embryogenesis. It is believed that vessel-initiating endothelial progenitors cluster to form the first primitive vessel. Understanding the molecular identity of these progenitors is crucial in order to elucidate lineage hierarchy. In this study, we identify protein C receptor (Procr) as an endothelial progenitor marker and investigate the role of Procr+ progenitors during embryonic vascular development. Using a ProcrmGFP-2A-lacZ reporter, we reveal a much earlier Procr expression (embryonic day 7.5) than previously acknowledged (embryonic day 13.5). Genetic fate-mapping experiments using ProcrCre and ProcrCreER demonstrate that Procr+ cells give rise to blood vessels throughout the entire embryo proper. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses place Procr+ cells at the start of endothelial commitment and maturation. Furthermore, targeted ablation of Procr+ cells results in failure of vessel formation and early embryonic lethality. Notably, genetic fate mapping and scRNA-seq pseudotime analysis support the view that Procr+ progenitors can give rise to hemogenic endothelium. In this study, we establish a Procr expression timeline and identify Procr+ vessel-initiating progenitors, and demonstrate their indispensable role in establishment of the vasculature during embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cissy Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Lanyue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Yingying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Yujie Chen
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 3 Key Laboratory of Computational Biology , , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences 4 , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Daisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Guowei Yang
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , 310024 Hangzhou , China
| | - Guizhong Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences 4 , Guangzhou 510530 , China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200031 , China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences 4 , Guangzhou 510530 , China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5 , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200031 , China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , 310024 Hangzhou , China
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Kaluthantrige Don F, Kalebic N. Forebrain Organoids to Model the Cell Biology of Basal Radial Glia in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Brain Evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:917166. [PMID: 35774229 PMCID: PMC9237216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.917166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of higher intellectual abilities that distinguish humans from their closest relatives correlates greatly with the expansion of the cerebral cortex. This expansion is a consequence of an increase in neuronal cell production driven by the higher proliferative capacity of neural progenitor cells, in particular basal radial glia (bRG). Furthermore, when the proliferation of neural progenitor cells is impaired and the final neuronal output is altered, severe neurodevelopmental disorders can arise. To effectively study the cell biology of human bRG, genetically accessible human experimental models are needed. With the pioneering success to isolate and culture pluripotent stem cells in vitro, we can now routinely investigate the developing human cerebral cortex in a dish using three-dimensional multicellular structures called organoids. Here, we will review the molecular and cell biological features of bRG that have recently been elucidated using brain organoids. We will further focus on the application of this simple model system to study in a mechanistically actionable way the molecular and cellular events in bRG that can lead to the onset of various neurodevelopmental diseases.
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47
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Karimova MV, Gvazava IG, Vorotelyak EA. Overcoming the Limitations of Stem Cell-Derived Beta Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060810. [PMID: 35740935 PMCID: PMC9221417 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Great advances in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment have been made to this day. However, modern diabetes therapy based on insulin injections and cadaveric islets transplantation has many disadvantages. That is why researchers are developing new methods to regenerate the pancreatic hormone-producing cells in vitro. The most promising approach is the generation of stem cell-derived beta cells that could provide an unlimited source of insulin-secreting cells. Recent studies provide methods to produce beta-like cell clusters that display glucose-stimulated insulin secretion—one of the key characteristics of the beta cell. However, in comparison with native beta cells, stem cell-derived beta cells do not undergo full functional maturation. In this paper we review the development and current state of various protocols, consider advantages, and propose ways to improve them. We examine molecular pathways, epigenetic modifications, intracellular components, and the microenvironment as a possible leverage to promote beta cell functional maturation. A possibility to create islet organoids from stem cell-derived components, as well as their encapsulation and further transplantation, is also examined. We try to combine modern research on beta cells and their crosstalk to create a holistic overview of developing insulin-secreting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V. Karimova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.K.); (I.G.G.)
| | - Inessa G. Gvazava
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.K.); (I.G.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.K.); (I.G.G.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Du S, Li Y, Geng Z, Zhang Q, Buhler LH, Gonelle-Gispert C, Wang Y. Engineering Islets From Stem Cells: The Optimal Solution for the Treatment of Diabetes? Front Immunol 2022; 13:869514. [PMID: 35572568 PMCID: PMC9092457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin deficiency. Bioengineering of stem cells with the aim to restore insulin production and glucose regulation has the potential to cure diabetic patients. In this review, we focus on the recent developments for bioengineering of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and pancreatic progenitor cells in view of generating insulin producing and glucose regulating cells for β-cell replacement therapies. Recent clinical trials using islet cells derived from stem cells have been initiated for the transplantation into diabetic patients, with crucial bottlenecks of tumorigenesis, post-transplant survival, genetic instability, and immunogenicity that should be further optimized. As a new approach given high expectations, bioengineered islets from stem cells occupies considerable potential for the future clinical application and addressing the treatment dilemma of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Leo H Buhler
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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49
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Casamitjana J, Espinet E, Rovira M. Pancreatic Organoids for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886153. [PMID: 35592251 PMCID: PMC9110799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of ex vivo organoid cultures has gained substantial attention as a model to study regenerative medicine and diseases in several tissues. Diabetes and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are the two major devastating diseases affecting the pancreas. Suitable models for regenerative medicine in diabetes and to accurately study PDAC biology and treatment response are essential in the pancreatic field. Pancreatic organoids can be generated from healthy pancreas or pancreatic tumors and constitute an important translational bridge between in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we review the rapidly emerging field of pancreatic organoids and summarize the current applications of the technology to tissue regeneration, disease modelling, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Casamitjana
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut D’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut D’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Elisa Espinet, ; Meritxell Rovira,
| | - Meritxell Rovira
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut D’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Elisa Espinet, ; Meritxell Rovira,
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50
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Choi J, Lee W, Yoon JK, Choi SM, Lee CH, Moon HG, Cho S, Chung JH, Yang HK, Kim JI. Expression-based species deconvolution and realignment removes misalignment error in multispecies single-cell data. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:157. [PMID: 35501695 PMCID: PMC9063264 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although single-cell RNA sequencing of xenograft samples has been widely used, no comprehensive bioinformatics pipeline is available for human and mouse mixed single-cell analyses. Considering the numerous homologous genes across the human and mouse genomes, misalignment errors should be evaluated, and a new algorithm is required. We assessed the extents and effects of misalignment errors and exonic multi-mapping events when using human and mouse combined reference data and developed a new bioinformatics pipeline with expression-based species deconvolution to minimize errors. We also evaluated false-positive signals presumed to originate from ambient RNA of the other species and address the importance to computationally remove them. Result Error when using combined reference account for an average of 0.78% of total reads, but such reads were concentrated to few genes that were greatly affected. Human and mouse mixed single-cell data, analyzed using our pipeline, clustered well with unmixed data and showed higher k-nearest-neighbor batch effect test and Local Inverse Simpson’s Index scores than those derived from Cell Ranger (10 × Genomics). We also applied our pipeline to multispecies multisample single-cell library containing breast cancer xenograft tissue and successfully identified all samples using genomic array and expression. Moreover, diverse cell types in the tumor microenvironment were well captured. Conclusion We present our bioinformatics pipeline for mixed human and mouse single-cell data, which can also be applied to pooled libraries to obtain cost-effective single-cell data. We also address misalignment, multi-mapping error, and ambient RNA as a major consideration points when analyzing multispecies single-cell data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04676-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ki Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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