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Nair AS, Sekar M, Gan SH, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V, Wu YS, Mat Rani NNI, Ravi S, Wong LS. Lawsone Unleashed: A Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Therapeutic Potentials. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3295-3313. [PMID: 39081702 PMCID: PMC11288359 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s463545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lawsone, a naturally occurring organic compound also called hennotannic acid, obtained mainly from Lawsonia inermis (Henna). It is a potential drug-like molecule with unique chemical and biological characteristics. Traditionally, henna is used in hair and skin coloring and is also a medicinal herb for various diseases. It is also widely used as a starting material for the synthesis of various drug molecules. In this review, we investigate on the chemistry, biosynthesis, physical and biological properties of lawsone. The results showed that lawsone has potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor properties. It also induces cell cycle inhibition and programmed cell death in cancer, making it a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Additionally, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production makes it an essential treatment for inflammatory diseases. Exploration of its biosynthetic pathway can pave the way for its development into targets for new drug development. In future, well-thought-out clinical studies should be made to verify its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aathira Sujathan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology & Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Sunway Microbiome Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Subban Ravi
- Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
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Du J, Krishnamoorthy K, Ramabhai V, Yang D. Targeting Ferroptosis as a Therapeutic Implication in Lung Cancer Treatment by a Novel Naphthoquinone Inducer: Juglone. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1071-1081. [PMID: 38057629 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has garnered significant global attention as a result of its escalating rates of mortality and morbidity, necessitating focused interventions to mitigate its impact. The primary aim of this work was to investigate the anticancer activity of juglone in A549 cells, specifically focusing on its role in mediating ferroptosis. We conducted an investigation involving a range of cytotoxic and morphological assays, such as cell viability assay, fluorescence microscopic analysis, flow cytometry, and ROS assay. The findings demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of juglone was around 18.5 μM. Furthermore, the chemical was found to promote apoptotic activity as observed through fluorescent microscopic inspection and morphological analysis. In addition, the levels of ROS, MDA, GSH, ferrous iron, and colony formation study demonstrated a significant increase, indicating a correlation with the occurrence of ferroptosis. Hence, juglone exhibits promise as a prospective therapeutic drug in the treatment of lung cancer. Therefore, we put forward that the utilization of ferroptosis as a therapeutic approach for lung cancer may yield significant efficacy and warrants further investigation in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061000, China
| | | | - Veerapandiyan Ramabhai
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Academy of Maritime Education and Training (AMET) Deemed to be University, Chennai, India
| | - Dianxi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261000, China.
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Wang C, Hu Y, Sun Y, Xiang S, Qian J, Liu Z, Ji Y, Cai C, Sun G, Cui J. Anti-Cancer Activity of Synthesized 5-Benzyl juglone on Selected Human Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:845-852. [PMID: 36165520 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220926110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a malignant disease that causes millions of deaths each year worldwide. As one of the cancer therapeutic strategies, chemotherapy is a means to destroy rapidly dividing cells. The main problem with cancer chemotherapy is the lack of selectivity of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, leading to toxicity towards normal cells. Therefore, the discovery of anti-cancer agents with selectivity for fast-growing cancer cells is desirable. OBJECTIVE In this study, we report the synthesis and identification of synthesized 5-benzyl juglone as a potential anticancer agent with selectivity toward certain cancer cell lines. METHODS An efficient synthetic method for 5-benzyl juglone was established. The proliferation of cancer cell lines and a normal cell line treated by the target compound was studied using an MTT assay. In addition, the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Based on the Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction between 3,6-dimethoxy benzyne intermediate and furan, further acid-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement, and CAN-mediated oxidation, a convenient synthesis of 5-benzyl juglone was achieved with high overall yield. The results from in vitro biological evaluation indicated that the juglone derivative exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against HCT-15 human colorectal cancer cells with an IC50 value of 12.27 μM. It exerted high inhibitory activity toward MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and, to a much lesser extent, to corresponding MCF-10A human breast epithelial normal cells with an IC50 ratio (IC50 in MCF-7 divided by IC50 in MCF-10A) of 0.62. CONCLUSION The mechanistic investigations indicated that 5-benzyl juglone could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and promote apoptosis of HCT-15 cells. The apoptotic effects possibly contributed to its higher selectivity toward cancer cells than normal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyan Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhuo Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chenglin Cai
- School of China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gege Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Pasdaran A, Zare M, Hamedi A, Hamedi A. A Review of the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Colorants, Dyes, and Pigments: Challenges, and Opportunities for Food, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Application. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300561. [PMID: 37471105 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural pigments are important sources for the screening of bioactive lead compounds. This article reviewed the chemistry and therapeutic potentials of over 570 colored molecules from plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, algae, and marine sources. Moreover, related biological activities, advanced extraction, and identification approaches were reviewed. A variety of biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-microbial, antiviral, and anti-protozoal activities, have been reported for different pigments. Considering their structural backbone, they were classified as naphthoquinones, carotenoids, flavonoids, xanthones, anthocyanins, benzotropolones, alkaloids, terpenoids, isoprenoids, and non-isoprenoids. Alkaloid pigments were mostly isolated from bacteria and marine sources, while flavonoids were mostly found in plants and mushrooms. Colored quinones and xanthones were mostly extracted from plants and fungi, while colored polyketides and terpenoids are often found in marine sources and fungi. Carotenoids are mostly distributed among bacteria, followed by fungi and plants. The pigments isolated from insects have different structures, but among them, carotenoids and quinone/xanthone are the most important. Considering good manufacturing practices, the current permitted natural colorants are: Carotenoids (canthaxanthin, β-carotene, β-apo-8'-carotenal, annatto, astaxanthin) and their sources, lycopene, anthocyanins, betanin, chlorophyllins, spirulina extract, carmine and cochineal extract, henna, riboflavin, pyrogallol, logwood extract, guaiazulene, turmeric, and soy leghemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shruthi S, Mumbrekar KD, Rao BSS, Shenoy BK. Gallic acid: a polyphenolic compound potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in human breast cancer cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:544-550. [PMID: 37663803 PMCID: PMC10470337 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound with antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Cisplatin (CPT) is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, and it is the treatment of choice for breast, ovarian, testicular, head, and neck cancers. However, the use of anticancer drugs has undesirable effects on patients due to associated toxicities. Thus, it is necessary to search for alternatives that reduce unintended side effects and enhance anticancer potential. The use of natural compounds with the conventional chemotherapeutic drug is a new aspect of cancer therapy. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of GA in the modulation of anticancer effects of CPT in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) by performing MTT, apoptosis, clonogenic cell survival, and micronucleus assays. GA and CPT showed significant cytotoxic activities in MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In combination therapy (GA 2.5, 5.0, and 10 μg/mL + CPT10 μg/mL), GA synergistically reduced the MCF-7 cell viability in contrast to the individual therapies. Cancer cells death by GA is through the induction of apoptosis as observed in the acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining method. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) was decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in combinational therapy, possibly reducing the risk of chemotherapy-induced MN. Moreover, GA in mono or combinational therapy did not induce any cytotoxic effects in normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). GA did not show any significant difference in colony inhibition compared to CPT. This outcome shows its differential effects in normal and cancerous cells. Hence, the combination GA with chemotherapeutic drugs could represent a promising alternative therapy in cancer treatment with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shruthi
- Department of Postgraduate Studies in Applied Zoology, Alva’s College, Vidyagiri, Moodbidri, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka 574227, India
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - B S Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Research Directorate Office, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Bhasker K Shenoy
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka 574199, India
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Navarro-Tovar G, Vega-Rodríguez S, Leyva E, Loredo-Carrillo S, de Loera D, López-López LI. The Relevance and Insights on 1,4-Naphthoquinones as Antimicrobial and Antitumoral Molecules: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040496. [PMID: 37111253 PMCID: PMC10144089 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural product derivatives are essential in searching for compounds with important chemical, biological, and medical applications. Naphthoquinones are secondary metabolites found in plants and are used in traditional medicine to treat diverse human diseases. Considering this, the synthesis of naphthoquinone derivatives has been explored to contain compounds with potential biological activity. It has been reported that the chemical modification of naphthoquinones improves their pharmacological properties by introducing amines, amino acids, furan, pyran, pyrazole, triazole, indole, among other chemical groups. In this systematic review, we summarized the preparation of nitrogen naphthoquinones derivatives and discussed their biological effect associated with redox properties and other mechanisms. Preclinical evaluation of antibacterial and/or antitumoral naphthoquinones derivatives is included because cancer is a worldwide health problem, and there is a lack of effective drugs against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The information presented herein indicates that naphthoquinone derivatives could be considered for further studies to provide drugs efficient in treating cancer and multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Navarro-Tovar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.N.-T.); (S.V.-R.); (E.L.); (S.L.-C.)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Sarai Vega-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.N.-T.); (S.V.-R.); (E.L.); (S.L.-C.)
| | - Elisa Leyva
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.N.-T.); (S.V.-R.); (E.L.); (S.L.-C.)
| | - Silvia Loredo-Carrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.N.-T.); (S.V.-R.); (E.L.); (S.L.-C.)
| | - Denisse de Loera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.N.-T.); (S.V.-R.); (E.L.); (S.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (D.d.L.); (L.I.L.-L.)
| | - Lluvia Itzel López-López
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí 78377, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.d.L.); (L.I.L.-L.)
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El-Sheikh M, Mesalam A, Khalil AAK, Idrees M, Ahn MJ, Mesalam AA, Kong IK. Downregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Juglone-Treated Bovine Oocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010114. [PMID: 36670976 PMCID: PMC9854430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that juglone, a natural compound found in Juglandaceae with a wide range of biological activities, can reduces the developmental competence of bovine oocytes. In the current study, we investigated the possible mechanisms behind the toxicity of juglone and the relationship with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling during the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes. Results show that oocyte exposure to juglone was associated with a significant decrease in filamentous actin (F-actin) accumulation. The RT-qPCR showed downregulation of the meiosis progression indicator GSK-3A, oocyte development marker BMP15, mitochondria fusion controlling MFN1, oxidative stress-related OGG1, and histone methylation-related EZH1, EZH2, SUZ12, G9a, and SUV39H2 genes in juglone-treated oocytes. In addition, glycolysis- (PFK1 and GLUT1), ATP synthesis- (ATPase8 and ATP5F1B), and OXPHOS-specific markers (SDHA and SDHD), as well as the oocyte survival regulators (SOD2, VEGF, and MAPK1) significantly decreased upon juglone treatment. Moreover, lower expression of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR was observed at the transcriptional and/or translational level(s). The autophagy markers LC3B and beclin-1 as well as the DNA damage-specific marker 8-OxoG displayed overexpression in juglone-exposed oocytes. Taken together, our results show that administration of juglone during the IVM can reduce the quality and developmental health of bovine oocytes through downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its downstream signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa El-Sheikh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Atef Mesalam
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (I.-K.K.)
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (I.-K.K.)
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8
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Alshammari M, Aly AA, Bräse S, Nieger M, Ibrahim MAA, Abd El-Haleem LE. Copper Complexes of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Containing Thiosemicarbazide and Triphenylphosphine Oxide Moieties; Synthesis and Identification by NMR, IR, Mass, UV Spectra, and DFT Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34463-34475. [PMID: 36188271 PMCID: PMC9520736 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
New 1,4-naphthoquinone derived by triphenylphosphaneylidene (Ph3P) and N-substituted-hydrazine-1-carbothioamides were obtained during a one-pot reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with thiosemicarbazides, Ph3P and in the presence of triethyl amine (Et3N) as a catalyst. The structure of the ligands was established by ESI, IR, and NMR spectra, in addition to elemental analyses and X-ray structure analysis. On subjecting the newly prepared ligands with CuCl2 and Ph3P, autoxidation occurs, and (E)-(2-(1,4-dioxo-3-(triphenyl phosphanylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-ylidene)carbamothioyl)hydrazinyl)-((triphenylphosphanyl)oxy)copper derivatives were formed in very good yields. The structure of the obtained complexes was proved by ESI, IR, NMR, and UV spectra, in addition to elemental analyses and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed
B. Alshammari
- Chemistry
Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. 10 Box 83, Al-Kharij 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A. Aly
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruher Institut
fur Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Martin
Nieger, Department of Chemistry, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio I), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Gohil D, Panigrahi GC, Gupta SK, Gandhi KA, Gera P, Chavan P, Sharma D, Sandur S, Gota V. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment of 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 46:1-14. [PMID: 35899689 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (5NQ) or juglone is a bioactive molecule found in walnuts and has shown therapeutic effects in various disease models. Limited information is available regarding the toxicity of 5NQ, thereby limiting the clinical development of this drug. In the present study, oral acute (50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg) and sub-acute toxicity (5, 15 and 50 mg/kg) was assessed in mice to evaluate the safety of 5NQ. The acute toxicity study identified 118 mg/kg as the point-of-departure dose (POD) for single oral administration of 5NQ using benchmark dose modeling (BMD). Repeated administration of 5NQ at doses of 15 and 50 mg/kg/day caused reduction in food consumption and body weight of mice along with alterations in liver and renal function. Histopathological assessment revealed significant damage to hepatic and renal tissues at all doses in the acute toxicity study, and at higher doses of 15 and 50 mg/kg in the sub-acute toxicity study. We observed dose dependent mortality in sub-acute toxicity study and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was established as < 5 mg/kg/day. Modeling the survival response in sub-acute toxicity study identified 1.74 mg/kg/day as the POD for repeated administration of 5NQ. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were most sensitive to 5NQ administration with a lower limit of BMD interval (BMDL) of 1.1 × 10-3 mg/kg/day. The benchmark doses reported in the study can be further used to determine a reference dose of 5NQ for human risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dievya Gohil
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
| | - Girish Ch Panigrahi
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Gupta
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
| | - Khushboo A Gandhi
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- ICGC Lab, ACTERC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Biorepository, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Preeti Chavan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
- Radiation Biology & Health Science Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Sandur
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
- Radiation Biology & Health Science Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India, Mumbai, India
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10
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Narayanan P, Farghadani R, Nyamathulla S, Rajarajeswaran J, Thirugnanasampandan R, Bhuwaneswari G. Natural quinones induce ROS-mediated apoptosis and inhibit cell migration in PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23008. [PMID: 35253318 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most devastating of all malignancies with poor prognosis and high mortality rates worldwide. Thymoquinone, plumbagin and juglone, which are naturally occurring quinones, have been reported for their promising anticancer effect on different cancer cells. However, their mechanism of action and antimetastatic effects are largely unknown against the human pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1). In this study, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay revealed a dose-dependent decrease of viability in quinone-treated PANC-1 cells. In addition, the assessment of changes in cells has demonstrated an occurrence of typical apoptotic morphology in treated PANC-1 cells compared with control. Besides this, the apoptosis induction was further quantitatively confirmed through flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, thymoquinone, plumbagin and juglone were evaluated for their influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) staining and they dramatically increased the intracellular ROS level in treated PANC-1 cells, suggesting the critical role of ROS in their apoptosis induction. This study also demonstrated the wound healing potential of these compounds and inhibited PANC-1 cell migration in a time-dependent manner compared with control. This inhibition was correlated with reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in juglone-treated cells detected through gelatin zymography. In conclusion, thymoquinone, plumbagin and juglone significantly inhibited cell growth and induced ROS-mediated apoptosis in PANC-1 cells. In addition, they could be potent antimetastatic agents due to their anti-migratory effect against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Narayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reyhaneh Farghadani
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shaik Nyamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jayakumar Rajarajeswaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, India
| | - R Thirugnanasampandan
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunasekaran Bhuwaneswari
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Biotechnology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Ferreira GM, Lima APB, Pereira GR, Silva GND, Brandão GC. Synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative effects of naphtho [2,3- b] thiophen-4,9-quinone on bladder tumor cells. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35133203 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2036143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are natural plants products or synthesized compounds. They have α, β-cyclic aromatic dienones structure with a naphthalene skeleton. Little is known about naphthoquinone and nothing about naphtho [2,3-b] thiophen-4,9-quinone effects on bladder cancer. In this study, a naphthoquinone containing a hetero sulfur atom was synthesized using classical synthetic method. The molecular structure was elucidated by NMR techniques and the antitumor effects were evaluated on bladder tumor cell lines with different TP53 status using tripan blue and MTT cytotoxic method, quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), wound healing, cell morphology and cell cycle progression assays. The results showed selective cytotoxicity, colonies reduction, morphological change, inhibition of the cell migration process, induction of ROS production and cell cycle arrest. Naphtho [2,3-b] thiophen-4,9-quinone presents antiproliferative activity regardless TP53 status and may be a promising agent in the treatment of bladder cancer, as they have an oxidizing effect and interfere with cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Monteze Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Braga Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rocha Pereira
- Departamento de Física e Química Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Informática ICEI, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIPHARMA), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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12
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Coelho C, Gallo G, Hardy L, Bottazzi ME, Campos C, Wurtele M. Biochemical Screening of Potent Zika Virus Protease Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100695. [PMID: 35104396 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As the Zika virus protease is an essential and well-established target for the development of antiviral agents, we here have biochemically screened for inhibitors using a purified recombinantly expressed form of this enzyme. As a result, we were able to identify 10 new Zika virus protease inhibitors. These compounds are natural products and showed strong inhibition in the biochemical assays. Inhibitory constants values for the compounds ranged from 5 nM to 8 μM. Among the most potent inhibitors are flavonoids like irigenol hexa-acetate (K i = 0.28 μM), katacine (K i = 0.26 μM), theaflavin gallate (K i = 0.40 μM) and hematein (K i = 0.33 μM). Inhibitors from other groups of natural products include sennoside A (K i = 0.19 μM) and gossypol (K i = 0.70 μM). Several of the obtained compounds are known for their beneficial health effects and have acceptable pharmacokinetic characteristics. Thus, they could be of interest as lead compounds for the development of important and essential Zika antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Coelho
- Federal University of São Paulo, Science and Technology, BRAZIL
| | - Gloria Gallo
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Science and Technology, Av Talim 330, Sao Paulo, 12231-280, Sao Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Leon Hardy
- University of South Florida, Physics, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Claudia Campos
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Science and Technology, Talim 330, São José dos Campos, 12231-280, São José dos Campos, BRAZIL
| | - Martin Wurtele
- UNIFESP: Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Science and Technology, Talim 330, 12231-280, São José dos Campos, BRAZIL
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13
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Green Husk of Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from Southern Italy as a Valuable Source for the Recovery of Glucans and Pectins. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Walnut green husk is an agricultural waste produced during the walnut (Juglans regia L.) harvest, that could be valued as a source of high-value compounds. In this respect, walnut green husks from two areas of Southern Italy (Montalto Uffugo and Zumpano), with different soil conditions, were investigated. Glucans and pectins were isolated from dry walnut husks by carrying out alkaline and acidic extractions, respectively, and then they were characterized by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The colorimetric method for the enzymatic measurement of α- and β-glucans was performed. The maximum total glucan yield was recovered from Montalto walnut husks (4.6 ± 0.2 g/100 g DM) with a β-glucan percentage (6.3 ± 0.4) higher than that calculated for Zumpano walnut husks (3.6 ± 0.5). Thermal analysis (DSC) confirmed the higher degree of crystallinity of glucans from Zumpano. The pectin content for Montalto husks was found to be 2.6 times that of Zumpano husks, and the esterification degree was more than 65%. The results suggested that J. regia L. green husks could be a source of glucans and pectins, whose content and morphological and thermal characteristics were influenced by different soil and climate conditions.
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Cui J, Jia J. Discovery of juglone and its derivatives as potent SARS-CoV-2 main proteinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113789. [PMID: 34438124 PMCID: PMC8372460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 as a positive-sense single-stranded RNA coronavirus caused the global outbreak of COVID-19. The main protease (Mpro) of the virus as the major enzyme processing viral polyproteins contributed to the replication and transcription of SARS-CoV-2 in host cells, and has been characterized as an attractive target in drug discovery. Herein, a set of 1,4-naphthoquinones with juglone skeleton were prepared and evaluated for the inhibitory efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. More than half of the tested naphthoquinones could effectively inhibit the target enzyme with an inhibition rate of more than 90% at the concentration of 10 μM. In the structure-activity relationships (SARs) analysis, the characteristics of substituents and their position on juglone core scaffold were recognized as key ingredients for enzyme inhibitory activity. The most active compound, 2-acetyl-8-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (15), which exhibited much higher potency in enzyme inhibitions than shikonin as the positive control, displayed an IC50 value of 72.07 ± 4.84 nM towards Mpro-mediated hydrolysis of the fluorescently labeled peptide. It fit well into the active site cavity of the enzyme by forming hydrogen bonds with adjacent amino acid residues in molecular docking studies. The results from in vitro antiviral activity evaluation demonstrated that the most potent Mpro inhibitor could significantly suppress the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells within the low micromolar concentrations, with its EC50 value of about 4.55 μM. It was non-toxic towards the host Vero E6 cells under tested concentrations. The present research work implied that juglone skeleton could be a primary template for the development of potent Mpro inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Miryala SK, Basu S, Naha A, Debroy R, Ramaiah S, Anbarasu A, Natarajan S. Identification of bioactive natural compounds as efficient inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein-targets: A molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Alotaibi AA, Bepari A, Assiri RA, Niazi SK, Nayaka S, Rudrappa M, Nagaraja SK, Bhat MP. Saussurea lappa Exhibits Anti-Oncogenic Effect in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, HepG2 Cancer Cell Line by Bcl-2 Mediated Apoptotic Pathway and Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Release. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1114-1132. [PMID: 34563048 PMCID: PMC8929068 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) is an important species of the Asteraceae family with several purposes in traditional medicine. This study intended to explore the cytotoxic effect of S. lappa on HepG2 cancer cell proliferation. Materials and Methods: The effects of an S. lappa n-butanol extract on the induction of apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and mitochondrial cytochrome C-releasing apoptosis assay. Additionally, real-time PCR was employed to confirm apoptosis initiation. Further, qualitative estimation of the active constituent of S. lappa was done by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Results: The cell viability study revealed that the n-butanol extract of S. lappa demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 56.76 μg/mL. Cell morphology with dual staining of acridine orange (AO)-ethidium bromide (EB) showed an increase in orange/red nuclei due to cell death by S. lappa n-butanol extract compared to control cells. Apoptosis, as the mode of cell death, was also confirmed by the higher release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, the increased expression of caspase-3 and bax, along with down regulation of Bcl-2. Conclusion: These findings conclude that S. lappa is a cause of hepatic cancer cell death through apoptosis and a potential natural source suggesting furthermore investigation of its active compounds that are responsible for these observed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Alotaibi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Asmatanzeem Bepari
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (R.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Rasha Assad Assiri
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Shaik Kalimulla Niazi
- Department of Preparatory Health Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India; (S.N.); (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Muthuraj Rudrappa
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India; (S.N.); (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (M.P.B.)
| | | | - Meghashyama Prabhakara Bhat
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India; (S.N.); (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (M.P.B.)
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17
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Mouithys-Mickalad A, Storms N, Franck T, Ceusters J, de la Rebière de Pouyade G, Deby-Dupont G, Serteyn D. Effects of Juglone on Neutrophil Degranulation and Myeloperoxidase Activity Related to Equine Laminitis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:677675. [PMID: 34336974 PMCID: PMC8322847 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.677675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental laminitis, characterized by a failure of the dermal-epidermal interface of the foot, can be induced in horses by the oral administration of a black walnut extract (BWE). In the early phase of this severe and painful disease, an activation of neutrophil occurs, with the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a pro-oxidant enzyme of neutrophils, in plasma, skin, and laminar tissue. Juglone, a naphthoquinone derivative endowed with redox properties, is found in walnuts and has been incriminated in this neutrophil activation. We report for the first time the inhibitory activity of juglone on the degranulation of neutrophils induced by cytochalasin B and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine as monitored by the MPO release (>90% inhibition for 25 and 50 μM). Moreover, it also acts on the peroxidase activity of MPO by interacting with the intermediate "π cation radical," as evidenced by the classical and specific immunological extraction followed by enzymatic detection (SIEFED) assays. These results are confirmed by a docking study showing the perfect positioning of juglone in the MPO enzyme active site and its interaction with one of the amino acids (Arg-239) of MPO apoprotein. By chemiluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques, we demonstrated that juglone inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide anion free radical produced from phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). These results indicate that juglone is not the trigger for equine laminitis, at least if we focus on the modulation of neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazaré Storms
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Surgery, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Franck
- Centre for Oxygen R&D, Institute of Chemistry, B6a, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Justine Ceusters
- Centre for Oxygen R&D, Institute of Chemistry, B6a, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Ginette Deby-Dupont
- Centre for Oxygen R&D, Institute of Chemistry, B6a, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Centre for Oxygen R&D, Institute of Chemistry, B6a, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Surgery, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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18
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de Freitas PP, Ribeiro RCB, Dos Santos Guimarães I, Moreira CS, Rocha DR, de Carvalho da Silva F, Ferreira VF, Gimba ERP. (3,3'-Methylene)bis-2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones induce cytotoxicity against DU145 and PC3 cancer cells by inhibiting cell viability and promoting cell cycle arrest. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3253-3263. [PMID: 34009563 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel method for the synthesis of bis-naphthoquinones (BNQ), which are hybrids of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) and 3-hydroxy-juglone (3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone). The anticancer activity of three synthesized compounds, named 4 (RC10), 5 (RCDFC), and 6 (RCDOH) was evaluated in vitro against two metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines, DU145 and PC3, using MTT assays. We found that 4 (RC10) and 5 (RCDFC) induced cytotoxicity against DU145 and PC3 cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that these two compounds promoted cell cycle arrest in G1/S and G2/M phases, increased Sub-G1 peak and induced inhibition in cell viability. We also showed that these effects are cell-type context dependent and more selective for these tested PCa cells than for HUVEC non-tumor cells. The two BNQ compounds 4 (RC10) and 5 (RCDFC) displayed promising anticancer activity against the two tested metastatic PCa cell lines, DU145 and PC3. Their effects are mainly associated with inhibition of cell viability, possibly through apoptotic cell death, besides altering the SubG1, G1/S and G2/M phases of cell cycle. 5 (RCDFC) compound was found to be more selective than 4 (RC10), when comparing their cytotoxic effects in relation to HUVEC non-tumoral cells. Future work should also test these compounds in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs to evaluate their effects on further sensitizing drug-resistant metastatic PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruan Carlos Busquet Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ, 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dos Santos Guimarães
- Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline S Moreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ, 24020-150, Brazil
| | - David R Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ, 24020-150, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Santa Rosa, Niterói, RJ, 24241-002, Brazil
| | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Instituto de Humanidade E Saúde (IHS), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus de Rio das Ostras, Rio das Ostras, RJ, 28880-00, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas-Fisiologia E Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ, 24020-150, Brazil.
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Shaaban S, Zarrouk A, Vervandier-Fasseur D, S.Al-Faiyz Y, El-Sawy H, Althagafi I, Andreoletti P, Cherkaoui-Malki M. Cytoprotective organoselenium compounds for oligodendrocytes. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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20
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Castro ALG, Cruz JN, Sodré DF, Correa-Barbosa J, Azonsivo R, de Oliveira MS, de Sousa Siqueira JE, da Rocha Galucio NC, de Oliveira Bahia M, Burbano RMR, do Rosário Marinho AM, Percário S, Dolabela MF, Vale VV. Evaluation of the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of isoeleutherin and eleutherin isolated from Eleutherine plicata herb. using bioassays and in silico approaches. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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21
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Flores-Bocanegra L, Raja HA, Bacon JW, Maldonado AC, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Cytotoxic Naphthoquinone Analogues, Including Heterodimers, and Their Structure Elucidation Using LR-HSQMBC NMR Experiments. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:771-778. [PMID: 33006889 PMCID: PMC8005429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1700 naphthoquinones have been reported from a range of natural product source materials, but only 283 have been isolated from fungi, fewer than 75 of those were dimers, and only 2 were heterodimers with a head-to-tail linkage. During a search for anticancer leads from fungi, a series of new naphthoquinones (1-4), including two heterodimers (3 and 4), were isolated from Pyrenochaetopsis sp. (strain MSX63693). In addition, the previously reported 5-hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthalenedione (5), misakimycin (6), 5-hydroxy-6-[1-(acetyloxy)ethyl]-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthalenedione (7), 6-ethyl-2,7-dimethoxyjuglone (8), and kirschsteinin (9) were isolated. While the structure elucidation of 1-9 was achieved using procedures common for natural products chemistry studies (high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), 1D and 2D NMR), the elucidation of the heterodimers was facilitated substantially by data from the long-range heteronuclear single quantum multiple bond correlation (LR-HSQMBC) experiment. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by analysis of the measured vs calculated ECD data. The racemic mixture of 4 was established via X-ray crystallography of an analogue that incorporated a heavy atom. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the human cancer cells lines MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), MDA-MB-231 (breast), and OVCAR3 (ovarian), where the IC50 values ranged between 1 and 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Bacon
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Amanda C Maldonado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
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22
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Induction of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Juglone Affects the Development of Bovine Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010168. [PMID: 33375280 PMCID: PMC7794829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglone, a major naphthalenedione component of walnut trees, has long been used in traditional medicine as an antimicrobial and antitumor agent. Nonetheless, its impact on oocyte and preimplantation embryo development has not been entirely clarified. Using the bovine model, we sought to elucidate the impact of juglone treatment during the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes on their maturation and development of embryos. Results showed a severe reduction in oocyte nuclear maturation and cumulus expansion and a significant increase in mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) treated with juglone (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 µM). In addition, RT-qPCR showed downregulation of the expansion-related (HAS2, TNFAIP6, PTX3, and PTGS2) and mitochondrial (ATPase6 and ATP5F1E) genes in juglone-treated COCs. Moreover, the development rates of day 4 total cleavage and 8-16 cell stage embryos, as well as day 8 blastocysts, were significantly reduced following exposure to juglone. Using immunofluorescence, the apoptotic marker caspase-9 was overexpressed in oocytes exposed to juglone (25.0 µM) compared to the untreated control. In conclusion, our study reports that exposing bovine oocytes to 12.5-50.0 µM of juglone can reduce their development through the direct induction of ROS accumulation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Zhang X, Zhou C, Cheng W, Tao R, Xu H, Liu H. Vitamin C protects early mouse embryos against juglone toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:200-208. [PMID: 33010468 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Juglone, a naphthoquinone isolated from many species of the Juglandaceae (walnut) family, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries for its various pharmacological effects. Our previous research found its toxic effects on oocytes maturation. But we still know a little about its toxic effects on embryo development. Here, we used mouse embryo as a model to explore the effects of juglone on early mammalian embryo development. Exposure to juglone significantly decreased the development rate in early mouse embryos in vitro. Moreover, juglone exposure led to developmental arrest by disturbing mitochondrial function, producing abnormal epigenetic modifications, inducing high levels of oxidative stress and DNA damage, and increasing the rate of embryonic cell apoptosis. However, vitamin C (VC) ameliorated the toxic effects of juglone to a certain extent. Overall, juglone has a toxic effect on early embryo development through the generation of ROS and apoptosis. But VC was able to protect against these juglone-induced defects. These results not only give a new perspective on juglone's pharmacological effects on early mammalian embryo development, but also provide ideas for the better application of this agent in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changyin Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenxiu Cheng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruixin Tao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ramesh G, Das S, Bola Sadashiva SR. Berberine, a natural alkaloid sensitizes human hepatocarcinoma to ionizing radiation by blocking autophagy and cell cycle arrest resulting in senescence. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1893-1908. [PMID: 32815562 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the radiosensitizing potential of Berberine and the underlying mechanism in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. METHODS HepG2 cells were challenged with X-rays in combination with Berberine treatment and several in vitro assays were performed. Alteration in cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Changes in intracellular ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential/mass, intracellular acidic vesicular organelles as well as cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were analysed by flow cytometry. Induction of autophagy was assessed by staining the cells with Monodansylcadaverine/Lysotracker red dyes and immunoblotting for LC3I/II and p62 proteins. Phase-contrast/fluorescence microscopy was employed to study mitotic catastrophe and senescence. Cellular senescence was confirmed by immunoblotting for p21 levels and ELISA for Interleukin-6. KEY FINDINGS X-rays + Berberine had a synergistic effect in reducing cell proliferation accompanied by a robust G2/M arrest. Berberine-mediated radiosensitization was associated with elevated levels of LC3II and p62 suggesting blocked autophagy that was followed by mitotic catastrophe and senescence. Treatment of cells with X-rays + Berberine resulted in increased oxidative stress, hyperpolarized mitochondria with increased mitochondrial mass and reduced ATP levels. CONCLUSIONS The study expands the understanding of the pharmacological properties of Berberine and its applicability as a radiosensitizer towards treating liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Rao Bola Sadashiva
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Cytotoxicity of juglone and thymoquinone against pancreatic cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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D-Pinitol treatment induced the apoptosis in human leukemia MOLT-4 cells by improved apoptotic signaling pathway. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2134-2138. [PMID: 32714040 PMCID: PMC7376127 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still remain as a global burden with the 18.1 million and 9.6 million new cases and mortlities, respectively estimated globally. Leukemia may arise at all ages varied from the infants to elders. In this exploration, we planned to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of D-pinitol on human leukemia MOLT-4 cells. Anticancer potential of D-pinitol was examined using MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was studied by fluorescence microscopic method using DCFH-DA staining. Apoptotic morphological alterations were determined by dual staining (acridine orange and ethidium bromide). Western blot and ELISA methods were employed to study apoptotic protein expression. D-pinitol treatment significantly induced cytotoxicity in human leukemia MOLT-4 cells. We observed that D-pinitol induces the generation of ROS in MOLT-4 cells. Further, we noticed that D-pinitol significantly induced apoptosis in a dosage dependent manner. Moreover, western blot and ELISA based analysis revealed that D-pinitol elevated the Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and attenuated the Bcl-2 expression in leukemic cancer cell. Our findings suggest that D-pinitol treatment induces the apoptosis in human leukemic cells by generating intracellular ROS and modulating apoptotic protein expression.
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Kim NH, Kim HK, Lee JH, Jo SI, Won HM, Lee GS, Lee HS, Nam KW, Kim WJ, Han MD. Juglone Suppresses LPS-induced Inflammatory Responses and NLRP3 Activation in Macrophages. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133104. [PMID: 32646056 PMCID: PMC7412499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. Thus, inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome have emerged as promising approaches to treat inflammation-related diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of juglone (5-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The inhibitory effects of juglone on nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774.1 cells by Griess assay, while its effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NLRP3 ATPase activity were assessed. The expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18) and cytotoxicity of juglone in J774.1 cells were also determined. Juglone was non-toxic in J774.1 cells when used at 10 μM (p < 0.01). Juglone treatment inhibited the production of ROS and NO. The levels of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1, as well as the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, were decreased by treatment with juglone in a concentration-dependent manner. Juglone also inhibited the ATPase activities of NLRP3 in LPS/ATP-stimulated J774.1 macrophages. Our results suggested that juglone could inhibit inflammatory cytokine production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages, and should be considered as a therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related diseases.
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The battle against biofilm infections: juglone loaded nanoparticles as an anticandidal agent. J Biotechnol 2020; 316:17-26. [PMID: 32315688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li Z, Liu X, Li M, Chai J, He S, Wu J, Xu J. Juglone potentiates BRAF inhibitor‑induced apoptosis in melanoma through reactive oxygen species and the p38‑p53 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:566-574. [PMID: 32377702 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors are some of the most effective drugs against melanoma; however, their clinical application is largely limited by drug resistance. Juglone, isolated from walnut trees, has demonstrated anti‑tumour activity. In the present study, it was investigated whether juglone could enhance the responses to a BRAF inhibitor in melanoma cells (A375R and SK‑MEL‑5R) with an acquired resistance. These cells were treated with juglone alone, BRAF inhibitor (PLX4032) alone, or juglone combined with PLX4032. It was demonstrated that the combination of juglone and PLX4032 had synergistic effects on BRAF inhibitor‑resistant melanoma cells. Juglone potentiated PLX4032‑induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial apoptosis in both A375R and SK‑MEL‑5R cells, which was accompanied by a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and a decrease in Bcl‑2/Bax ratio. Moreover, juglone combined with PLX4032 markedly increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated p38 and p53, as compared with juglone alone or PLX4032 alone. Pre‑treatment with N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine, a ROS scavenger, completely reversed the cytotoxicity induced by juglone combined with PLX4032. In conclusion, juglone potentiated BRAF inhibitor‑induced apoptosis in resistant melanoma cells, and these effects occurred partially through ROS and the p38‑p53 pathway, suggesting the potential of juglone as a sensitizer to BRAF inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingxiu Chai
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Durak S, Arasoglu T, Ates SC, Derman S. Enhanced antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:175705. [PMID: 31931488 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6ab9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the resistance to drugs, studies involving the combination and controlled release of different agents are gradually increasing. In this study, two different active ingredients, known to have antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, were encapsulated into single polymeric nanoparticles. After co-encapsulation their antibacterial and antileishmanial activity was enhanced approximately 5 and 250 times, respectively. Antibacterial and antileishmanial activities of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and juglone loaded, multifunctional nanoformulations (CJ4-CJ6-CJ8) were also evaluated for the first time in the literature comparatively with their combined free formulations. The antibacterial activity of the multifunctional nanoformulation (CJ8) were found to have a much higher activity (MIC values 6.25 and 12.5 μg ml-1 for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively) than all other formulations. Similar efficacy for CJ8 was obtained in the antiparasitic study against the Leishmania promastigotes and the IC50 was reduced to 0.1263 μg ml-1. The high activity of multifunctional nanoparticles is not only due to the synergistic effect of the active molecules but also by the encapsulation into polymeric nanoparticles. Therefore, it has been shown in the literature for the first time that the biological activity of molecules whose activity is increased by the synergistic effect can be improved with nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Durak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey. Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of juglone: a comparison of free and nano-encapsulated form. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:69-77. [PMID: 32597139 PMCID: PMC7837238 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its evidenced beneficial herbicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant effects, the application of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4,-naphthoquinone) is limited due to its low water solubility and allelopathic and toxic effects. In recent years, research has aimed to overcome these limitations by increasing its solubility and controlling its release through nanoparticular systems. This is the first study to have synthesised and characterised juglone-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and compared them with free juglone for cytotoxicity in mouse (L929 fibroblasts) and alfalfa cells and for mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA98/100. Mouse and plant cells treated with free and nano-encapsulated juglone showed a decrease in cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, but this effect was significantly lower with the nano-encapsulated form at lower doses. In the TA98 strain with S9, nano-encapsulated juglone did not exhibit mutagenic effects, unlike the free form. Since all results show that juglone encapsulation with polymeric nanoparticles reduced the toxic and mutagenic effects, it has a promising potential to be applied in medicine, food safety, and agriculture.
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Wenzel JE, Moorman V, Wang L, Spencer‐Williams I, Hall M, Samaniego CS, Ammerman ML. In-situ extraction and impregnation of black walnut husk into polyethylene film using supercritical carbon dioxide with an ethanol modifier. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:612-619. [PMID: 31993184 PMCID: PMC6977517 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnuts are commonly cultivated for their kernel, which is a rich source of antioxidant phenolic compounds. The husk likewise contains antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, but is typically discarded without further processing. Antioxidant compounds are useful in creating active packaging films, but typically decompose at melt extrusion temperatures in polymer processing. Due to carbon dioxide's low critical point and ability to swell polymer films, supercritical carbon dioxide may be used to impregnate phenolic compounds into polymers. For this study, a novel technique is used to simultaneously produce walnut husk extracts and impregnate the extract into polymer films in the same batch extractor using supercritical carbon dioxide with a 15 wt-% ethanol modifier at 60°C at 19.4 MPa. The effect of varying the loading of walnut husk in the extractor upon impregnation mass was evaluated with the impregnation mass of the film increasing with walnut husk loading. It was determined by FTIR, as well as the reduction of the protein cytochrome c, that antioxidant compounds may be extracted from walnut husks and impregnated into low-density polyethylene film (LDPE) by this technique.
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Andriamanantena M, Danthu P, Cardon D, Fawbush FR, Raonizafinimanana B, Razafintsalama VE, Rakotonandrasana SR, Ethève A, Petit T, Caro Y. Malagasy Dye Plant Species: A Promising Source of Novel Natural Colorants with Potential Applications – A Review. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900442. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahery Andriamanantena
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des AlimentsUniversité de La Réunion FR-97490 Sainte-Clotilde Réunion
- Département Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires (IAA-ESSA)Université d'Antananarivo MG-101 Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Pascal Danthu
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)Unité HortSys FR-34000 Montpellier France
- Université de Montpellier FR-34000 Montpellier France
| | | | - Fanjaniaina R. Fawbush
- Département Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires (IAA-ESSA)Université d'Antananarivo MG-101 Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Béatrice Raonizafinimanana
- Département Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires (IAA-ESSA)Université d'Antananarivo MG-101 Antananarivo Madagascar
| | | | | | - Andrée Ethève
- Association Femmes Entrepreneurs Environnement Mahajanga (FEEM) MG-401 Mahajanga Madagascar
| | - Thomas Petit
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des AlimentsUniversité de La Réunion FR-97490 Sainte-Clotilde Réunion
- Département Hygiène Sécurité Environnement (HSE), IUT de La RéunionUniversité de La Réunion 40 Avenue de Soweto FR-97410 Saint-Pierre Réunion
| | - Yanis Caro
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des AlimentsUniversité de La Réunion FR-97490 Sainte-Clotilde Réunion
- Département Hygiène Sécurité Environnement (HSE), IUT de La RéunionUniversité de La Réunion 40 Avenue de Soweto FR-97410 Saint-Pierre Réunion
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Han Y, Shi D, Li J. Inhibition of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Beta-Lapachone Occurs by Targeting the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)/PI3K/AKT Pathway, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production, and Autophagy Induction. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8995-9002. [PMID: 31770363 PMCID: PMC6896749 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-lapachone has been shown to exhibit potent anti-cancer effects against various cell lines. In the present study, we examined the anti-cancer effects of beta-lapachone, a quinone, against human HNE1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and also assessed its effects on cellular migration and invasion, autophagy, mTOR/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, and ROS production. MATERIAL AND METHODS CCK-8 cell counting assay was used to assess cell viability effects after lapachone treatment. Its effects on the mTOR/PI3K/AKT biochemical pathway were examined by Western blot analysis. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study autophagy induced by beta-lapachone. Effects on cell invasion and cell migration were evaluated by Transwell method. RESULTS The results revealed that beta-lapachone suppresses the proliferation of HNE1 cells, with an IC₅₀ of 30 µM. These growth-inhibitory effects of beta-lapachone were found to be dose-dependent. The investigation of the effects of beta-lapachone on the mTOR/PI3KAKT signalling pathway showed that beta-lapachone blocked this pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. Beta-lapachone also inhibited the migration and invasion of HNE1 nasopharyngeal cancer cells, as shown by Transwell assay. The fluorescence microscopy analysis showed that beta-lapachone increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is also linked with a concentration-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels. Electron microscopy analysis showed that beta-lapachone caused the development of the autophagosomes, and the frequency of the autophagosomes increased with increased dosage of beta-lapachone. The beta-lapachone-triggered autophagy was also associated with increased protein levels of LC3 II and decreased levels of p62. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that beta-lapachone inhibits the growth of nasopharyngeal cancer cells by promoting autophagy, and it may be useful in cancer drug discovery paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Han
- Department of Oncology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Dayou Shi
- Department of Oncology, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jingao Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Tumor Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Ostadrahimi A, Tabibiazar M, Amarowicz R. A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Constituents and Functional Uses of Walnut ( Juglans spp.) Husk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3920. [PMID: 31409014 PMCID: PMC6719079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The walnut (Juglans spp.) is an appreciated nut that belongs to the Juglandaceae family. The fruit includes four main parts: the kernel, the skin, the shell, and the green husk. It is widely cultivated due to its edible kernel. In walnut production centers, high amounts of the husk as an agro-forest waste product are produced and discarded away. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the walnut green husk could be valued as a source of different natural bioactive compounds with excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Regarding this respect, in this contribution, the current scientific knowledge on the antioxidant and antiradical activities, various identified and isolated individual chemical constituents, as well as the functional applications of the walnut husk with more emphasis on the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Tabibiazar
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-468 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Zhang YY, Zhang F, Zhang YS, Thakur K, Zhang JG, Liu Y, Kan H, Wei ZJ. Mechanism of Juglone-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Ishikawa Human Endometrial Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7378-7389. [PMID: 31184118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of Juglone-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells was investigated. Juglone was purified from the green husk of Carya cathayensis Sarg and identified by HPLC, LC-MS/MS, and NMR. At an IC50 of 20.81 μM, juglone significantly inhibited Ishikawa cell proliferation, as shown by S phase arrest mediated by inactivation of cyclin A protein ( p < 0.05). The ROS levels increased significantly after exposure to juglone, which paralleled increases in the mRNA and protein expression of p21 and decreases in the levels of CDK2, cdc25A, CHK1, and cyclin A. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was significantly down-regulated, whereas the expression of Bax, Bad and cyto c was up-regulated, and we later confirmed the involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in juglone-induced apoptosis. Our in vitro results stated that juglone can be studied further as an effective natural anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Shuo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education , Southwest Forestry University , Kunming 650224 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Kan
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education , Southwest Forestry University , Kunming 650224 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning , Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Company, Ltd. , Jieshou 236500 , People's Republic of China
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Zhao X, Zhu W, Zhang R, Zhang M, Zhao J, Hou J, Zhang W. Targeted juglone blocks the invasion and metastasis of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:211-217. [PMID: 31445828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Zhou B, Liu Q, Wang H, Jin H, Liu Y. CuI/Cu(OTf)2/DMSO system-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cyclization of (o-alkynyl)arylketones: Efficient synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinones. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Ostadrahimi A, Tabibiazar M, Amarowicz R. A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree. Molecules 2019; 24:E2133. [PMID: 31195762 PMCID: PMC6600437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a valuable tree nut, walnut is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family. The fruit is made up of an outer green shell cover or husk, the middle shell which must be cracked to release the kernel, a thin layer known as skin or the seed coat, and finally, the kernel or meat. The nutritional importance of walnut fruit is ascribed to its kernel. The shell and husk are burned as fuel or discarded away as waste products. In the past two decades, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of walnut has received great interest. In this contribution, the recent reports on the extraction and quantification of phenolic content from each part of the walnut tree and fruit using different solvents were highlighted and comparatively reviewed. The current review paper also tries to describe the antioxidant content of phenolic extracts obtained from different parts of the walnut tree and fruit. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiradical activities of the prepared extracts have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Tabibiazar
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-468 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Soto-Maldonado C, Vergara-Castro M, Jara-Quezada J, Caballero-Valdés E, Müller-Pavez A, Zúñiga-Hansen ME, Altamirano C. Polyphenolic extracts of walnut (Juglans regia) green husk containing juglone inhibit the growth of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Ahmad T, Suzuki YJ. Juglone in Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040091. [PMID: 30959841 PMCID: PMC6523217 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglone (5-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a phenolic compound found in walnuts. Because of the antioxidant capacities of phenolic compounds, juglone may serve to combat oxidative stress, thereby protecting against the development of various diseases and aging processes. However, being a quinone molecule, juglone could also act as a redox cycling agent and produce reactive oxygen species. Such prooxidant properties of juglone may confer health effects, such as by killing cancer cells. Further, recent studies revealed that juglone influences cell signaling. Notably, juglone is an inhibitor of Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase) that could regulate phosphorylation of Tau, implicating potential effects of juglone in Alzheimer’s disease. Juglone also activates mitogen-activated protein kinases that could promote cell survival, thereby protecting against conditions such as cardiac injury. This review describes recent advances in the understanding of the effects and roles of juglone in oxidative stress and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taseer Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Saha S, Chowdhury J. Binding Interaction of Juglone with Lysozyme: Spectroscopic Studies Aided by In Silico Calculations. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yu H, Zhong QZ, Liu TG, Qiu WZ, Wu BH, Xu ZK, Wan LS. Surface Deposition of Juglone/Fe III on Microporous Membranes for Oil/Water Separation and Dye Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3643-3650. [PMID: 30773014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of dopamine and tannic acid has received great attention in the fields of surface and interface science and technology. The deposition behaviors of various metal-phenolic systems have been investigated, and it is generally accepted that at least one catechol group is essential to the formation of the coatings. Herein, we report a novel and effective surface-coating system based on the coordination complexes of FeIII ions with a natural product juglone that contains only one phenolic hydroxyl. We investigated the deposition behaviors of this novel system on various substrates. Microporous polypropylene membrane modified with juglone/FeIII coatings is superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic, showing high separation efficiency and good reusability for various oil/water emulsions. In addition, the modified membrane can adsorb anionic dyes and selectively remove them from dye mixtures with high efficiency. We further demonstrated that the coating is a result of the synergetic effect of juglone/FeIII coordination and FeIII hydrolysis. This work not only provides new insights into surface deposition systems but also expands the polyphenol family for surface coatings of multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Qi-Zhi Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Tian-Geng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Wen-Ze Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Bai-Heng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Ling-Shu Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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Peixoto H, Roxo M, Silva E, Valente K, Braun M, Wang X, Wink M. Bark Extract of the Amazonian Tree Endopleura uchi (Humiriaceae) Extends Lifespan and Enhances Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2019; 24:E915. [PMID: 30845642 PMCID: PMC6429406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec (Humiriaceae), known as uxi or uxi-amarelo in Brazil, is an endemic tree of the Amazon forest. In traditional medicine, its stem bark is used to treat a variety of health disorders, including cancer, diabetes, arthritis, uterine inflammation, and gynecological infections. According to HPLC analysis, the main constituent of the bark extract is the polyphenol bergenin. In the current study, we demonstrate by in vitro and in vivo experiments the antioxidant potential of a water extract from the stem bark of E. uchi. When tested in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the extract enhanced stress resistance via the DAF-16/FOXO pathway. Additionally, the extract promoted an increase in the lifespan of the worms independent from caloric restriction. It also attenuated the age-related muscle function decline and formation of polyQ40 plaques, as a model for Huntington's disease. Thus, these data support anti-aging and anti-oxidant properties of E. uchi, which has not yet been described. More studies are needed to assess the real benefits of E. uchi bark for human health and its toxicological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbenya Peixoto
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mariana Roxo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Emerson Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), 6200 General Rodrigo, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil.
| | - Karla Valente
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), 6200 General Rodrigo, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil.
| | - Markus Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abyar F, Tabrizi L. Experimental and theoretical investigations of novel oxidovanadium(IV) juglone complex: DNA/HSA interaction and cytotoxic activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:474-487. [PMID: 30831056 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1580221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new oxidovanadium(IV) complex VO(L)(Jug) (HL = 5-methoxy-1,3-bis (1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene, Jug = juglone) was synthesized and characterized. Interactions of the V(IV) complex with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) and human serum albumin were studied using different techniques such as UV-vis and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The experimental results were confirmed by the molecular docking study. The oxidovanadium(IV) complex can efficiently cleave pUC19 DNA in the presence of Hydrogen peroxide. Also, the in vitro cytotoxicity properties of the oxidovanadium(IV) complex was evaluated against MCF-7, HPG-2 and HT-29 cancer cell lines and HEK293 non-malignant fibroblasts were evaluated and compared with free ligands, VOSO4 and cisplatin as reference drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Leila Tabrizi
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Zhao X, Song X, Zhao J, Zhu W, Hou J, Wang Y, Zhang W. Juglone Inhibits Proliferation of HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells Specifically. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:475-480. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Xiaoxing Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Jierui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Wenhe Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Jiancheng Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
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Chaudhary N, Sasaki R, Shuto T, Watanabe M, Kawahara T, Suico MA, Yokoyama T, Mizuguchi M, Kai H, Devkota HP. Transthyretin Amyloid Fibril Disrupting Activities of Extracts and Fractions from Juglans mandshurica Maxim. var. cordiformis (Makino) Kitam. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030500. [PMID: 30704121 PMCID: PMC6384717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin-related amyloidosis is a slowly progressive disorder caused by deposition of insoluble amyloid plaques formed by fibrillization of mutant or defective transthyretin (TTR) monomers that leads to neurodegeneration and organ failure. Thus, any compound exhibiting TTR amyloid formation inhibitory activity or TTR amyloid fibril disrupting activity might be a potential candidate for the development of therapies for these disorders. Our aim in this study was the evaluation of the TTR amyloid fibril disrupting potential of extracts of leaves and immature fruits of two Juglans plants, i.e., Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis and Juglans mandshurica var. cordiformis. The TTR amyloid fibril disrupting activity was measured by Thioflavin-T (ThT) assay and PROTEOSTAT® Protein aggregation assay methods. A fifty percent acetone extract of the fruits of Juglans mandshurica var. cordiformis showed strong amyloid fibril disrupting activity, and was further fractionated using different solvents. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed significant activity in both assays. Syringic acid was isolated and identified as main compound in both of these fractions; however, it did not show any activity. Furthermore, some of the previously reported compounds from Juglans plants including naphthoquinone derivatives and phenolic compounds were evaluated to identify the potential bioactive compounds. Among them, juglone, a naphthoquinone derivative showed promising activity. However, juglone also showed strong cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells. Thus, future studies should focus on the isolation and identification of naphthoquinone derivatives or other compounds from Juglans plan ts with potent bioactivity and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Medicinal Botany, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Teppei Kawahara
- Useful and Unique Natural Products for Drug Discovery and Development (UpRoD), Program for Building Regional Innovation Ecosystems at Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
- Department of Medicinal Botany, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Eskandari S, Yazdanparast R. Overexpression of Hes1 is involved in sensitization of K562 cells to Imatinib. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10128-10136. [PMID: 30548309 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based therapy has created promising results among much chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Imatinib as a relatively specific inhibitor of Bcr-Abl is at present one of the undisputed therapeutic agent for newlydiagnosed patients with CML. However, the occurrence of imatinib-resistance enlightens the urgent need to identify other therapeutic agents against CML. Juglone (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) exerts cytotoxic effects against various human cancer cell lines. However, the mechanisms through which Juglone induces anticancer effects in CML especially in comparison with imatinib treatment remain unknown. Our results revealed that Juglone-inhibited K562 cells growth through inducing apoptosis. Based on our Western blot analyses, Juglone significantly reduced p-Akt levels and increased the expression level of Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and FoxO3a proteins. Moreover, hairy/enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) protein, overexpressed under the influence of Juglone, is apparently involved in Juglone-induced apoptosis among K562 cells. Conversely, treatment with imatinib attenuated Hes1 protein expression. Considering the different functional mechanism of Juglone compared with imatinib, it seems that Juglone treatment could be a useful alternative strategy for the treatment of patients with imatinib-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Eskandari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Natural Products to Fight Cancer: A Focus on Juglans regia. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110469. [PMID: 30441778 PMCID: PMC6266065 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even if cancer represents a burden for human society, an exhaustive cure has not been discovered yet. Low therapeutic index and resistance to pharmacotherapy are two of the major limits of antitumour treatments. Natural products represent an excellent library of bioactive molecules. Thus, tapping into the natural world may prove useful in identifying new therapeutic options with favourable pharmaco-toxicological profiles. Juglans regia, or common walnut, is a very resilient tree that has inhabited our planet for thousands of years. Many studies correlate walnut consumption to beneficial effects towards several chronic diseases, such as cancer, mainly due to the bioactive molecules stored in different parts of the plant. Among others, polyphenols, quinones, proteins, and essential fatty acids contribute to its pharmacologic activity. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive perspective about the antitumour potential of the most promising compounds stored in this plant, such as juglanin, juglone, and the ellagitannin-metabolites urolithins or deriving from walnut dietary intake. All molecules and a chronic intake of the fruit provide tangible anticancer effects. However, the scarcity of studies on humans does not allow results to be conclusive.
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Patwardhan RB, Dhakephalkar PK, Chopade BA, Dhavale DD, Bhonde RR. Purification and Characterization of an Active Principle, Lawsone, Responsible for the Plasmid Curing Activity of Plumbago zeylanica Root Extracts. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2618. [PMID: 30467495 PMCID: PMC6236066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid curing is the process of obviating the plasmid encoded functions such as antibiotic resistance, virulence, degradation of aromatic compounds, etc. in bacteria. Several plasmid curing agents have been reported in literature, however, no plasmid curing agent can eliminate all plasmids from different hosts. Hence, there is always a need for novel plasmid curing agents that can be effectively used for reversal of plasmid encoded functions such as virulence, antibiotic resistance, etc. In the present study, an active principle responsible for the plasmid curing activity was purified from roots of Plumbago zeylanica by bioassay guided fractionation and identified as 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone), on the basis of spectral and analytical data such as NMR, GCMS, FTIR. Plasmid curing activity of lawsone was observed against reference as well as wild plasmids (pBR322, pRK2013, R136, pUPI281, and pUPI282) residing in a range of hosts. Curing of plasmid was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. MICs of antibiotics against A. baumannii A24 (pUPI281) and E. coli (pRK2013) decreased significantly in presence of lawsone suggesting synergy between lawsone and antibiotics. Lawsone also inhibited transfer of plasmid pRK2013 to E. coli either by transformation or conjugation. Viability assays (MTT) revealed that lawsone was not toxic to mammalian cells. Thus, the present investigation has revealed lawsone as an effective plasmid curing agent capable of suppressing development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Further, lawsone has important application in basic research to identify phenotypes encoded by the plasmids in plasmid curing experiments. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of plasmid curing activity of lawsone isolated from roots of P. zeylanica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balu Ananda Chopade
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Dilip D Dhavale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Ramesh R Bhonde
- School of Regenerative Medicine - Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bengaluru, India
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