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Perri V, Zingaropoli MA, Pasculli P, Ciccone F, Tartaglia M, Baione V, Malimpensa L, Ferrazzano G, Mastroianni CM, Conte A, Ciardi MR. The Impact of Cytomegalovirus Infection on Natural Killer and CD8+ T Cell Phenotype in Multiple Sclerosis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:154. [PMID: 38534424 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease that has been classified as an immune-mediated attack on myelin, the protective sheath of nerves. Some aspects of its pathogenesis are still unclear; nevertheless, it is generally established that viral infections influence the course of the disease. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major pathogen involved in alterations of the immune system, including the expansion of highly differentiated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and the accumulation of adaptive natural killer (NK) cells expressing high levels of the NKG2C receptor. In this study, we evaluated the impact of latent CMV infection on MS patients through the characterization of peripheral NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and NKT-like cells using flow cytometry. We evaluated the associations between immune cell profiles and clinical features such as MS duration and MS progression, evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We showed that NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and NKT-like cells had an altered phenotype in CMV-infected MS patients and displayed high levels of the NKG2C receptor. Moreover, in MS patients, increased NKG2C expression levels were found to be associated with higher EDSS scores. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that CMV infection imprints the immune system by modifying the phenotype and receptor repertoire of NK and CD8+ T cells, suggesting a detrimental role of CMV on MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Pasculli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ciccone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tartaglia
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Baione
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gina Ferrazzano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Vojdani A, Koksoy S, Vojdani E, Engelman M, Benzvi C, Lerner A. Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells: Complementary Partners against Microorganisms and Cancer. Microorganisms 2024; 12:230. [PMID: 38276215 PMCID: PMC10818828 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T (CD8+) cells are two of the most important types of immune cells in our body, protecting it from deadly invaders. While the NK cell is part of the innate immune system, the CD8+ cell is one of the major components of adaptive immunity. Still, these two very different types of cells share the most important function of destroying pathogen-infected and tumorous cells by releasing cytotoxic granules that promote proteolytic cleavage of harmful cells, leading to apoptosis. In this review, we look not only at NK and CD8+ T cells but also pay particular attention to their different subpopulations, the immune defenders that include the CD56+CD16dim, CD56dimCD16+, CD57+, and CD57+CD16+ NK cells, the NKT, CD57+CD8+, and KIR+CD8+ T cells, and ILCs. We examine all these cells in relation to their role in the protection of the body against different microorganisms and cancer, with an emphasis on their mechanisms and their clinical importance. Overall, close collaboration between NK cells and CD8+ T cells may play an important role in immune function and disease pathogenesis. The knowledge of how these immune cells interact in defending the body against pathogens and cancers may help us find ways to optimize their defensive and healing capabilities with methods that can be clinically applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Laboratory, Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA
| | - Sadi Koksoy
- Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA; (S.K.); (M.E.)
| | | | - Mark Engelman
- Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA; (S.K.); (M.E.)
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (C.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (C.B.); (A.L.)
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He J, Li Y, Chen J, Wu Q, Shan H, Wang X, Zhang M, Nie L, Wang Q. The relationships of CD8+ T cell subsets in RA patients with disease activity and clinical parameters. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109399. [PMID: 36442285 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cells are plentiful in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and have a important role in it's pathogenesis. Many subsets have been identified in CD8+ T cells, however, the relationship between CD8+ T subpopulations and disease activity of RA is poorly defined. Here we detected different CD8+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood and examined their relationships with clinical features and serological parameters in RA. METHODS CD8+ T cell phenotypes and percentages in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry in 39 patients with RA. The clinical characteristics and serological parameters of RA patients were collected and DAS28-ESR was measured as indicator of disease activity. Linear regression was performed to assess the correlation of CD8+ T cell subsets with RA clinical variables. RESULTS Naive CD8+ T cells were significantly and negatively correlated with RA disease activity indicator DAS28-ESR(r2 = 0.1027, p = 0.0468), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)(r2 = 0.1891, p = 0.0057), clinical disease activity index(CDAI)(r2 = 0.1474, p = 0.0158), simplified disease activity index(SDAI)(r2 = 0.1465, p = 0.0255), and duration(r2 = 0.1247, p = 0.0274). And the percent of naive CD8+ T cells were obviously decreased in RA with high disease activity when compared with RA in low disease activity(p < 0.01). In addition, Our results indicated significant positive correlations between CD8+ CD28- T cells and DAS28-ESR(r2 = 0.1881, p = 0.0058), ESR(r2 = 0.2279, p = 0.0021), c reaction protein (CRP)(r2 = 0.2203, p = 0.0051), CDAI (r2 = 0.1778, p = 0.0075), SDAI (r2 = 0.2618, p = 0.0020), rheumatoid factor(RF)(r2 = 0.1823, p = 0.0067), age(r2 = 0.1968, p = 0.0047), as well as similar positive correlations between CD8+ CD27- T cells and DAS28-ESR(r2 = 0.1661, p = 0.01), ESR(r2 = 0.1586, p = 0.012), CRP(r2 = 0.1778, p = 0.013), CDAI (r2 = 0.1622, p = 0.0110), SDAI(r2 = 0.2316, p = 0.0040), RF(r2 = 0.2097, p = 0.0034), age(r2 = 0.1932, p = 0.0051). Furthermore, interesting results showed observable positive correlations between activated CD8+ T cells and total cholesterol(TC)(r2 = 0.2757, p = 0.0007), triglyceride(TG)(r2 = 0.2886, p = 0.0005), low density lipoprotein(LDL-C)(r2 = 0.09643, p = 0.0264) and Krebs yon denlungen-6(KL-6)(r2 = 0.4171, p = 0.0002). And TCRγδ + CD8+ T cells were also found positively related with total cholesterol(TC)(r2 = 0.5015, p < 0.0001), triglyceride(TG)(r2 = 0.2031, p = 0.0045), and KL-6(r2 = 0.2122, p = 0.0136). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that naive CD8+ T cells, CD8+ CD28- T cells, and CD8+ CD27- T cells are obviously correlated with inflammation and disease activity of RA. While activated CD8+ T cells and TCRγδ + CD8+ T cells may involve in lipidmetabolism and lung fibrosis of RA. These CD8+ T cell subsets may be new biomarkers and targets for RA disease evaluation, therapeutic target-selecting, curative effects and prognoses assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongying Shan
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China.
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Houston TW, Howlett-Prieto Q, Regenauer C, Testai FD, Yao F, Feng X, Reder AT. Increased Percentage of CD8 +CD28 - Regulatory T Cells With Fingolimod Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 10:10/2/e200075. [PMID: 36535763 PMCID: PMC9764330 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fingolimod, an oral therapy for MS, decreases expression of membrane S1P1 receptors on CD4+ memory cells, causing their retention and deactivation in lymph nodes. We determined fingolimod effects on the number and proportion of potentially CNS-damaging CD8+CD28+ cytolytic T lymphocyte cells (CTLs) and on MS-depleted and dysfunctional CD8+CD28- anti-inflammatory suppressor/regulatory T cells (Treg) and on CD8+ T-cell expression of the CD69 activation/lymph node retention protein in MS. METHODS CD8, CD28, CD4, and CD69 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured with flow cytometry. In vitro concanavalin A (ConA) activation of T cells, including CD8+CD28- cells, was used to mimic inflammation. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients with MS, 35 therapy-naive (16 clinically stable; 19 exacerbating) and 24 fingolimod-treated (19 clinically stable; 5 exacerbating), and 26 matched healthy controls (HCs) were compared. In therapy-naive patients, the CD8+ Treg percent of total lymphocytes was only 1/4 of HC levels. In fingolimod-treated patients, however, CD8+ Treg percentages rose to 2.5-fold higher than in HC and 10-fold higher than in therapy-naive MS. With fingolimod therapy, in contrast, CD8+ CTL levels were less than half of levels in HCs and therapy-naive patients. In HCs and all MS, activation with ConA strongly induced CD69 expression on CD4+ cells and induced 3-fold higher CD69 levels on CD8+ CTL than on CD8+ Treg. Fingolimod and analogs in vitro did not modify lymphocyte CD69 expression. Lower levels of CD69 on CD8+ Treg than on CTL may allow easier Treg egress from lymph nodes and enhance control of peripheral inflammation. In vitro activation reduced the already low CD8+ Treg population in therapy-naive MS, but only slightly altered Treg levels in fingolimod-treated MS. DISCUSSION Fingolimod therapy markedly increases the percentage of CD8+ Treg in MS, reversing the low CD8+ Treg:CTL ratio seen in untreated MS. The increase in immune regulatory cells has potential therapeutic benefit in MS. Activation in vitro depletes CD8+CD28+CTL in patients with MS; the loss is more pronounced in older patients with MS. This suggests that inflammation can disrupt the tenuous immune regulation in MS, especially in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Houston
- From the Department of Neurology A-205 (T.W.H., Q.H.-P., C.R., X.F., A.T.R.), MC-2030 University of Chicago Medicine, IL; and Department of Neurology (F.D.T.), University of Illinois Chicago, IL
| | - Quentin Howlett-Prieto
- From the Department of Neurology A-205 (T.W.H., Q.H.-P., C.R., X.F., A.T.R.), MC-2030 University of Chicago Medicine, IL; and Department of Neurology (F.D.T.), University of Illinois Chicago, IL
| | - Colin Regenauer
- From the Department of Neurology A-205 (T.W.H., Q.H.-P., C.R., X.F., A.T.R.), MC-2030 University of Chicago Medicine, IL; and Department of Neurology (F.D.T.), University of Illinois Chicago, IL
| | - Fernando D Testai
- From the Department of Neurology A-205 (T.W.H., Q.H.-P., C.R., X.F., A.T.R.), MC-2030 University of Chicago Medicine, IL; and Department of Neurology (F.D.T.), University of Illinois Chicago, IL
| | - Faith Yao
- From the Department of Neurology A-205 (T.W.H., Q.H.-P., C.R., X.F., A.T.R.), MC-2030 University of Chicago Medicine, IL; and Department of Neurology (F.D.T.), University of Illinois Chicago, IL
| | - Xuan Feng
- From the Department of Neurology A-205 (T.W.H., Q.H.-P., C.R., X.F., A.T.R.), MC-2030 University of Chicago Medicine, IL; and Department of Neurology (F.D.T.), University of Illinois Chicago, IL.
| | - Anthony T Reder
- From the Department of Neurology A-205 (T.W.H., Q.H.-P., C.R., X.F., A.T.R.), MC-2030 University of Chicago Medicine, IL; and Department of Neurology (F.D.T.), University of Illinois Chicago, IL.
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Badr G, Sayed LH, Omar HEDM, ِAbd Elghaffar SK, Menshawy MM. Bee gomogenat rescues lymphoid organs from degeneration by regulating the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68990-69007. [PMID: 35554836 PMCID: PMC9508069 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes severe complications in several tissues due to redox imbalances, which in turn cause defective angiogenesis in response to ischemia and activate a number of proinflammatory pathways. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of bee gomogenat (BG) dietary supplementation on the architecture of immune organs in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse model. Three animal groups were used: the control non-diabetic, diabetic, and BG-treated diabetic groups. STZ-induced diabetes was associated with increased levels of blood glucose, ROS, and IL-6 and decreased levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-4, and GSH. Moreover, diabetic mice showed alterations in the expression of autophagy markers (LC3, Beclin-1, and P62) and apoptosis markers (Bcl-2 and Bax) in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Most importantly, the phosphorylation level of AKT (a promoter of cell survival) was significantly decreased, but the expression levels of MCP-1 and HSP-70 (markers of inflammation) were significantly increased in the spleen and lymph nodes in diabetic mice compared to control animals. Interestingly, oral supplementation with BG restored the levels of blood glucose, ROS, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, and GSH in diabetic mice. Treatment with BG significantly abrogated apoptosis and autophagy in lymphoid organs in diabetic mice by restoring the expression levels of LC3, Beclin-1, P62, Bcl-2, and Bax; decreasing inflammatory signals by downregulating the expression of MCP-1 and HSP-70; and promoting cell survival by enhancing the phosphorylation of AKT. Our data were the first to reveal the therapeutic potential of BG on the architecture of lymphoid organs and enhancing the immune system during T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Leila H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | | | - Sary Khaleel ِAbd Elghaffar
- Pathology and clinical pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Medhat M Menshawy
- Department of Biology, Misr University of Science and Technology, 6th October City, Egypt
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Li Y, An H, Shen C, Wang B, Zhang T, Hong Y, Jiang H, Zhou P, Ding X. Deep phenotyping of T cell populations under long-term treatment of tacrolimus and rapamycin in patients receiving renal transplantations by mass cytometry. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e629. [PMID: 34841735 PMCID: PMC8574956 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (FK506) and rapamycin (RAPA) are widely used to maintain long-term immunosuppression after organ transplantation. However, the impact of accumulative drug administration on the recipients' immune systems remains unclear. We investigated the impact of 3-year FK506 or RAPA treatment after renal transplantation on the human immune systems. A discovery cohort of 30 patients was first recruited, and we discovered two distinctive T lineage suppressive regulatory patterns induced by chronic treatment of FK506 and RAPA. The increased percentage of senescent CD8+ CD57+ T lineages and less responsive T cell receptor (TCR) pathway in the FK506 group indicate better graft acceptance. Meanwhile, percentages of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and expression of CTLA-4 were both up to two-fold higher in the RAPA group, suggesting the inconsistent reactivation potential of the FK506 and RAPA groups when an anti-tumour or anti-infection immune response is concerned. Additionally, up-regulation of phosphorylated signaling proteins in T lineages after in vitro CD3/CD28 stimulation suggested more sensitive TCR-signaling pathways reserved in the RAPA group. An independent validation cohort of 100 renal transplantation patients was further investigated for the hypothesis that long-term RAPA administration mitigates the development of tumours and infections during long-term intake of immunosuppressants. Our results indicate that RAPA administration indeed results in less clinical oncogenesis and infection. The deep phenotyping of T-cell lineages, as educated by the long-term treatment of different immunosuppressants, provides new evidence for personalized precision medicine after renal transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huimin An
- Division of Kidney TransplantDepartment of UrologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Shen
- Department of Liver SurgeryRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Boqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- Division of Kidney TransplantDepartment of UrologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesSchool of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Personalized MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
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Ceeraz S, Thompson CR, Beatson R, Choy EH. Harnessing CD8 +CD28 - Regulatory T Cells as a Tool to Treat Autoimmune Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112973. [PMID: 34831195 PMCID: PMC8616472 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T regulatory cell therapy presents a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with autoimmune diseases or who are undergoing transplantation. At present, the CD4+ Treg population has been extensively characterized, as a result of defined phenotypic and functional readouts. In this review article, we discuss the development and biology of CD8+ Tregs and their role in murine and human disease indications. A subset of CD8+ Tregs that lack the surface expression of CD28 (CD8+CD28− Treg) has proved efficacious in preclinical models. CD8+CD28− Tregs are present in healthy individuals, but their impaired functionality in disease renders them less effective in mediating immunosuppression. We primarily focus on harnessing CD8+ Treg cell therapy in the clinic to support current treatment for patients with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Beatson
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Ernest H. Choy
- CREATE Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)29-2068-7092
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Coleman MJ, Zimmerly KM, Yang XO. Accumulation of CD28 null Senescent T-Cells Is Associated with Poorer Outcomes in COVID19 Patients. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101425. [PMID: 34680058 PMCID: PMC8533086 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes infectious disease, and manifests in a wide range of symptoms from asymptomatic to severe illness and even death. Severity of infection is related to many risk factors, including aging and an array of underlying conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer. It remains poorly understood how these conditions influence the severity of COVID-19. Expansion of the CD28null senescent T-cell populations, a common phenomenon in aging and several chronic inflammatory conditions, is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates in COVID-19. Here, we summarize the potential mechanisms whereby CD28null cells drive adverse outcomes in disease and predispose patients to devastating COVID-19, and discuss possible treatments for individuals with high counts of CD28null senescent T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia J. Coleman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (K.M.Z.)
- Class of 2023, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kourtney M. Zimmerly
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (K.M.Z.)
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (K.M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Targeting immunosuppressor cells with nanoparticles in autoimmunity: How far have we come to? Cell Immunol 2021; 368:104412. [PMID: 34340162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is the assault of immune response towards self-antigens, resulting to inflammation and tissue injury. It is staged into three phases and caused by malfunction of immune tolerance. In our body, immune tolerance is synchronized by several immunosuppressor cells such as regulatory T cells and B cells as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are prominently dysregulated in autoimmunity. Hence, targeting these cell populations serve as a significant potential in the therapy of autoimmunity. Nanotechnology with its advantageous properties is shown to be a remarkable tool as drug delivery system in this field. This review focused on the development of therapeutics in autoimmune diseases utilizing various nanoparticles formulation based on two targeting approaches in autoimmunity, passive and active targeting. Lastly, this review outlined the approved present nanomedicines as well as in clinical evaluations and issues regarding the lack of translation of these nanomedicines into the market, despite the abundant of positive experimental observations.
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10
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Li Y, Sun F, Yue TT, Wang FX, Yang CL, Luo JH, Rong SJ, Xiong F, Zhang S, Wang CY. Revisiting the Antigen-Presenting Function of β Cells in T1D Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690783. [PMID: 34335595 PMCID: PMC8318689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the unresolved autoimmune inflammation and islet β cell destruction. The islet resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells and macrophages uptake and process the β cell-derived antigens to prime the autoreactive diabetogenic T cells. Upon activation, those autoreactive T cells produce copious amount of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β to induce β cell stress and death. Autoimmune attack and β cell damage intertwine together to push forward this self-destructive program, leading to T1D onset. However, β cells are far beyond a passive participant during the course of T1D development. Herein in this review, we summarized how β cells are actively involved in the initiation of autoimmune responses in T1D setting. Specifically, β cells produce modified neoantigens under stressed condition, which is coupled with upregulated expression of MHC I/II and co-stimulatory molecules as well as other immune modules, that are essential properties normally exhibited by the professional APCs. At the cellular level, this subset of APC-like β cells dynamically interacts with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and manifests potency to activate autoreactive CD4 and CD8 T cells, by which β cells initiate early autoimmune responses predisposing to T1D development. Overall, the antigen-presenting function of β cells helps to explain the tissue specificity of T1D and highlights the active roles of structural cells played in the pathogenesis of various immune related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Yue
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fa-Xi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Liang Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hui Luo
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Jie Rong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Niederlova V, Tsyklauri O, Chadimova T, Stepanek O. CD8 + Tregs revisited: A heterogeneous population with different phenotypes and properties. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:512-530. [PMID: 33501647 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the peripheral self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. While classical CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs are well established, their CD8+ counterparts are still controversial in many aspects including their phenotypic identity and their mechanisms of suppression. Because of these controversies and because of only a limited number of studies documenting the immunoregulatory function of CD8+ Tregs in vivo, the concept of CD8+ Tregs is still not unanimously accepted. We propose that any T-cell subset considered as true regulatory must be distinguishable from other cell types and must suppress in vivo immune responses via a known mechanism. In this article, we revisit the concept of CD8+ Tregs by focusing on the characterization of individual CD8+ T-cell subsets with proposed regulatory capacity separately. Therefore, we review the phenotype and function of CD8+ FOXP3+ T cells, CD8+ CD122+ T cells, CD8+ CD28low/- T cells, CD8+ CD45RClow T cells, T cells expressing CD8αα homodimer and Qa-1-restricted CD8+ T cells to show whether there is sufficient evidence to establish these subsets as bona fide Tregs. Based on the intrinsic ability of CD8+ Treg subsets to promote immune tolerance in animal models, we elaborate on their potential use in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Niederlova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oksana Tsyklauri
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Chadimova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Du Y, Fang Q, Zheng SG. Regulatory T Cells: Concept, Classification, Phenotype, and Biological Characteristics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:1-31. [PMID: 33523440 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) play an indispensable role in maintaining the body's immune nonresponse to self-antigens and suppressing the body's unwarranted and potentially harmful immune responses. Their absence, reduction, dysfunction, transformation, and instability can lead to numerous autoimmune diseases. There are several distinct subtypes of the Treg cells, although they share certain biological characteristics and have unique phenotypes with different regulatory functions, as well as mechanistic abilities. In this book chapter, we introduce the latest advances in Treg cell subtypes pertaining to classification, phenotype, biological characteristics, and mechanisms. We also highlight the relationship between Treg cells and various diseases, including autoimmune, infectious, as well as tumors and organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiannan Fang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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13
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Lees JR. CD8+ T cells: The past and future of immune regulation. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104212. [PMID: 32979764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the adaptive immune response is critical for health. Regulatory activity can be found in multiple components of the immune system, however, the focus on particular components of the immune regulatory network has left many aspects of this critical immune component understudied. Here we review the evidence for activities of CD8+ T cells in immune homeostasis and regulation of autoimmune reactivity. The heterogeneous nature of identified CD8+ cell types are examined, and common phenotypes associated with functional activities are defined. The varying types of antigen signal crucial for CD8+ T cell regulatory activity are identified and the implications of these activation pathways for control of adaptive responses is considered. Finally, the promising capacity for transgenic antigen receptor directed cytotoxicity as a mechanism for modulation of autoimmunity is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Lees
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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14
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Liu G, Yu Y, Feng F, Zhu P, Zhang H, Zhang D, Feng X, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Human CD8 +CD28 - T suppressor cells expanded by common gamma chain (γc) cytokines retain steady allospecific suppressive capacity in vivo. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:23. [PMID: 32349664 PMCID: PMC7189520 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD8+CD28− T suppressor (Ts) cells play critical role in transplant tolerance. Our previous study has generated CD8+CD28− Ts cells in vitro which exert robust allospecific suppressive capacity in vitro. Results CD8+CD28− Ts cells were expanded by stimulating human CD8+ T cells with allogeneic antigen presenting cells in the presence of the common gamma chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 in vitro, and were further verified in vitro through day 7 to 11 for their persistency of the allospecific suppressive capacity. When CD8+CD28− Ts cells were adoptively transferred into NOG mice, their capacity to inhibit CD4+ T cell proliferation in allospecific manner remained potent on 11 days after their injection. The mechanisms for expansion of CD8+CD28− Ts cells by the common gamma chain cytokines were investigated. These included promoting CD8+CD28− T cells proliferation, converting CD8+CD28+ T cells to CD8+CD28− T cells and decreasing CD8+CD28− T cell death. Furthermore, the expanded CD8+CD28− Ts cells showed upregulation of the co-inhibitory molecule Tim-3 and down-regulation of the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B. Conclusions In summary, these results demonstrated that the in vitro-expanded human CD8+CD28− T cells retained potent allospecific suppressive capacity in vivo and depicted multiple mechanisms for the expansion of Ts cells, which might promote further bench to clinic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihuan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, No.1023-1063 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuming Yu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), No.106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fu Feng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), No.106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, No.1023-1063 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), No.106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Danni Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, No.1023-1063 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, No.1023-1063 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zedan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), No.106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, No.1023-1063 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Álvarez-Rodríguez L, Martínez-Taboada V, Calvo-Alén J, Beares I, Villa I, López-Hoyos M. Altered Th17/Treg Ratio in Peripheral Blood of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus but Not Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:391. [PMID: 30894863 PMCID: PMC6414457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) remains elusive. It is possible that differences in the frequencies of Th17 cells and/or defects in the immunoregulatory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of APS. Our aim was to determine the peripheral blood Th cells phenotype and the circulating cytokine profile in patients with primary APS (pAPS) and compare it with systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) as disease control group. Methods: The frequencies of circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) were determined in PBMCs from 36 patients with pAPS by flow cytometry. As control groups we included 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) and 11 patients with SLE. The suppressive capacity of Tregs was evaluated in vitro by coculture assay. On the other hand, intracellular cytokine production was assessed in Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells and circulating IL-6, IL-10, and IL-35 were measured by Cytometric Bead Array and ELISA. The quantification of Th master gene expression levels was performed by real time quantitative PCR. Results: pAPS patients and SLE patients did not show differences in the percentage or number of Tregs compared to HC. The suppressive capacity of Tregs was also similar in the three study group. Instead, we found higher FoxP3·mRNA expression levels in pAPS patients and HC than SLE patients. Regarding the Th17 response, patients with pAPS and HC showed a significantly lower frequency of circulating Th17 cells than SLE. However, no differences were observed in the Th1 response between patients and controls. Thus, increased Th17/Th1 and Th17/Treg ratios were found in SLE patients but not in pAPS patients. pAPS and SLE patients had higher serum IL-6 levels than HC but there was not difference between both disease groups. Besides, a significant increase in the immunosuppressive cytokine levels was observed only in pAPS as compared to HC. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate an increased inflammatory profile of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from SLE as compared with pAPS mostly due to an increased Th17 response. In conclusion, there seems not to be a direct pathogenic role for Th cells in pAPS but in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Taboada
- Faculty of Medicine, Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Cantabria University, Santander, Spain
| | - Jaime Calvo-Alén
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Iñaki Beares
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Villa
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Immunology Department, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Cantabria University, Santander, Spain
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16
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Arruda LCM, Lima-Júnior JR, Clave E, Moraes DA, Douay C, Fournier I, Moins-Teisserenc H, Covas DT, Simões BP, Farge D, Toubert A, Malmegrim KCR, Oliveira MC. Homeostatic proliferation leads to telomere attrition and increased PD-1 expression after autologous hematopoietic SCT for systemic sclerosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:1319-1327. [PMID: 29670207 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the months that follow autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), lymphopenia drives homeostatic proliferation, leading to oligoclonal expansion of residual cells. Here we evaluated how replicative senescent and exhausted cells associated with clinical outcomes of 25 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients who underwent AHSCT. Patients were clinically monitored for skin (modified Rodnan's skin score, mRSS) and internal organ involvement and had blood samples collected before and semiannually, until 3 years post-AHSCT, for quantification of telomere length, CD8+CD28- and PD-1+ cells, and serum cytokines. Patients were retrospectively classified as responders (n = 19) and non-responders (n = 6), according to clinical outcomes. At 6 months post-AHSCT, mRSS decreased (P < 0.001) and the pulmonary function stabilized, when compared with pre-transplant measures. In parallel, inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-1β) levels and telomere lengths decreased, whereas PD-1 expression on T-cells and the number of CD8+CD28- cells expressing CD57 and FoxP3 increased. After AHSCT, responder patients presented higher PD-1 expression on T- (P < 0.05) and B- (P < 0.01) cells, and lower TGF-β, IL-6, G-CSF (P < 0.01), and IL-1β, IL-17A, MIP-1α, and IL-12 (P < 0.05) levels than non-responders. Homeostatic proliferation after AHSCT results in transient telomere attrition and increased numbers of senescent and exhausted cells. High PD-1 expression is associated with better clinical outcomes after AHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C M Arruda
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João R Lima-Júnior
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Graduate Program on Bioscience Appliedto Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis-APHP, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Daniela A Moraes
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Corinne Douay
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Moins-Teisserenc
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis-APHP, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Belinda P Simões
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dominique Farge
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis-APHP, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Unité Clinique de Médecine Interne, Maladies Autoimmunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04 AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Denis Diderot University (Paris 7), Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis-APHP, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kelen C R Malmegrim
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Oliveira
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. .,Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. .,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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17
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Yu Y, Ma X, Gong R, Zhu J, Wei L, Yao J. Recent advances in CD8 + regulatory T cell research. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8187-8194. [PMID: 29805553 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Various subgroups of CD8+ T lymphocytes do not only demonstrate cytotoxic effects, but also serve important regulatory roles in the body's immune response. In particular, CD8+ regulatory T cells (CD8+ Tregs), which possess important immunosuppressive functions, are able to effectively block the overreacting immune response and maintain the body's immune homeostasis. In recent years, studies have identified a small set of special CD8+ Tregs that can recognize major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules, more specifically Qa-1 in mice and HLA-E in humans, and target the self-reactive CD4+ T ce lls. These findings have generated broad implications in the scientific community and attracted general interest to CD8+ Tregs. The present study reviews the recent research progress on CD8+ Tregs, including their origin, functional classification, molecular markers and underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yu
- Department of Medical School, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
| | - Xinbo Ma
- Department of Medical School, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
| | - Rufei Gong
- Department of Medical School, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
| | - Jianmeng Zhu
- Department of Chunan First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Wei
- Department of Medical School, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
| | - Jinguang Yao
- Department of Medical School, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
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18
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Zhong JX, Chen J, Rao X, Duan L. Dichotomous roles of co-stimulatory molecules in diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget 2018; 9:2902-2911. [PMID: 29416823 PMCID: PMC5788691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have established the importance of immune dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus, including typ1 and typ2 diabetes, and it is worth noting that T cell activation acts a key role in the pathogenesis of loss of β cell mass, adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Regarding as an important checkpoint in the process of T cell activation, co-stimulatory molecules interaction between antigen present cells and T cells have been identified the critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus. Thus, blockage of co-stimulatory dyads interaction between antigen present cells and T cells was supposed to a potential of therapeutic strategies. However, studies also showed that inhibition or deletion of some co-stimulatory molecules do not always reduce the development of diabetes, and even exacerbate the disease activity. Here, in this context, we highlight the dichotomous role of co-stimulatory molecules interaction in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xin Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430061
| | - Jie Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
- Basic Medical Department of Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361102
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 361003
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19
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The influence and impact of ageing and immunosenescence (ISC) on adaptive immunity during multiple sclerosis (MS) and the animal counterpart experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:64-81. [PMID: 29101043 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human ageing process encompasses mechanisms that effect a decline in homeostasis with increased susceptibility to disease and the development of chronic life-threatening illness. Increasing age affects the immune system which undergoes a progressive loss of efficiency, termed immunosenescence (ISC), to impact on quantitative and functional aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. The human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS) and the corresponding animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are strongly governed by immunological events that primarily involve the adaptive arm of the immune response. MS and EAE are frequently characterised by a chronic pathology and a protracted disease course which thereby creates the potential for exposure to the inherent, on-going effects and consequences of ISC. Collective evidence is presented to confirm the occurrence of established and unendorsed biological markers of ISC during the development of both diseases. Moreover, results are discussed from studies during the course of MS and EAE that reveal a premature upregulation of ISC-related biomarkers which indicates untimely alterations to the adaptive immune system. The effects of ISC and a prematurely aged immune system on autoimmune-associated neurodegenerative conditions such as MS and EAE are largely unknown but current evaluation of data justifies and encourages further investigation.
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20
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Neuber B, Dai J, Waraich WA, Awwad MHS, Engelhardt M, Schmitt M, Medenhoff S, Witzens-Harig M, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. Lenalidomide overcomes the immunosuppression of regulatory CD8 +CD28 - T-cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98200-98214. [PMID: 29228683 PMCID: PMC5716723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although lenalidomide and pomalidomide are well-established treatment options in patients with multiple myeloma, their immune-modulating effects are not fully understood. While CD8+CD28− regulatory T-cells in patients with hematologic disorders display a known immune-escape mechanism, we show that lenalidomide can overcome the immunosuppressive impact of CD8+CD28− T-cells. We analyzed in vitro the antigen-specific T-cell responses of healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma with or without the addition of autologous CD8+CD28− T-cells in the absence and presence of lenalidomide. We found that lenalidomide enhances the antigen-specific secretion of IFN-γ and Granzyme B despite the addition of CD8+CD28− T-cells. Furthermore, we showed that lenalidomide inhibits the IL-6 secretion of mononuclear cells, triggered by CD8+CD28− T-cells. The addition of IL-6 counteracts the action of lenalidomide based stimulation of IFN-γ secretion and induction of T-cell maturation but not the secretion of Granzyme B. Surprisingly, pomalidomide failed to induce IL-6 suppression and displayed immunostimulating effects only after a prolonged incubation time. Analysis of the IL-6 modulating cereblon-binding protein KPNA2 showed the similar degradation capacity of lenalidomide and pomalidomide without explaining the divergent effects. In conclusion, we showed that IL-6 and lenalidomide, but not pomalidomide, are opponents in a myeloma-antigen specific T-cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Neuber
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingying Dai
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wjahat A Waraich
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed H S Awwad
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Engelhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergej Medenhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Barr JY, Wang X, Meyerholz DK, Lieberman SM. CD8 T cells contribute to lacrimal gland pathology in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of Sjögren syndrome. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:684-694. [PMID: 28465508 PMCID: PMC5595634 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by targeted destruction of the lacrimal and salivary glands resulting in symptoms of severe ocular and oral dryness. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms driving autoimmune manifestations are unclear. In patients and in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren syndrome, lymphocytic infiltrates consist of CD4 and CD8 T cells, although the role of CD8 T cells in disease pathogenesis has been largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated the contribution of CD8 T cells to lacrimal and salivary gland autoimmunity. Within the lacrimal and salivary glands of NOD mice, CD8 T cells were proliferating, expressed an activated phenotype, and produced inflammatory cytokines. Transfer of purified CD8 T cells isolated from the cervical lymph nodes (LNs) of NOD mice into NOD-severe combined immunodeficiency recipients resulted in inflammation of the lacrimal glands, but was not sufficient to cause inflammation of the salivary glands. Lacrimal gland-infiltrating CD8 T cells displayed a cytotoxic phenotype, and epithelial cell damage in the lacrimal glands was observed in recipients of CD8 T cells regardless of the presence of CD4 T cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CD8 T cells have a pathogenic role in lacrimal gland autoimmunity. The gland-specific pathogenicity of CD8 T cells makes them a valuable resource to further understand the mechanisms that discriminate lacrimal versus salivary gland autoimmunity and for the development of new therapeutics that target the early stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Barr
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott M Lieberman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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22
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Li H, Hao Y, Zhang D, Liu W, Li Y, Lyu M, Fu R, Xue F, Liu X, Yang R. Numerical and functional defects in CD8+CD28−T-suppressor lymphocytes from patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:292-301. [PMID: 28466476 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Yating Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Mingen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Feng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
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23
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Vuddamalay Y, van Meerwijk JPM. CD28 - and CD28 lowCD8 + Regulatory T Cells: Of Mice and Men. Front Immunol 2017; 8:31. [PMID: 28167946 PMCID: PMC5256148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the rebirth of regulatory (formerly known as suppressor) T cells in the early 1990s, research in the field of immune-regulation by various T cell populations has quickly gained momentum. While T cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 are currently in the spotlight, several other T cell populations endowed with potent immunomodulatory capacities have been identified in both the CD8+ and CD4+ compartment. The fundamental difference between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in terms of antigen recognition suggests non-redundant, and perhaps complementary, functions of regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in immunoregulation. This emphasizes the importance and necessity of continuous research on both subpopulations of regulatory T cells (Tregs) so as to decipher their complex physiological relevance and possible synergy. Two distinct CD8-expressing Treg populations can be distinguished based on expression of the co-stimulatory receptor CD28. Here, we review the literature on these (at least in part) thymus-derived CD28low and peripherally induced CD28-CD8+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirajen Vuddamalay
- School of Health Sciences, University of Technology , Port Louis , Mauritius
| | - Joost P M van Meerwijk
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1043, Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U5282, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
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24
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Lourenço O, Fonseca AM, Taborda-Barata L. Human CD8+ T Cells in Asthma: Possible Pathways and Roles for NK-Like Subtypes. Front Immunol 2016; 7:638. [PMID: 28066445 PMCID: PMC5179570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects approximately 300 million people worldwide and is the most common chronic lung disease, which usually is associated with bronchial inflammation. Most research has focused upon the role of CD4+ T cells, and relatively few studies have addressed the phenotypic and functional roles of CD8+ T cell types and subtypes. Human NK-like CD8+ T cells may involve cells that have been described as CD8+CD28−, CD8+CD28−CD57+, CD8+CD27−, or CD8+ effector memory (TEM) cells, among other. However, most of the data that are available regarding these various cell types were obtained in murine models did not thoroughly characterize these cells with phenotypically or functionally or did not involve asthma-related settings. Nevertheless, one may conceptualize three principal roles for human NK-like CD8+ T cells in asthma: disease-promoting, regulatory, and/or tissue repair. Although evidence for some of these roles is scarce, it is possible to extrapolate some data from overlapping or related CD8+ T cell phenotypes, with caution. Clearly, further research is warranted, namely in terms of thorough functional and phenotypic characterization of human NK-like CD8+ T cells in human asthma of varying severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lourenço
- CICS - UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Fonseca
- CICS - UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Luis Taborda-Barata
- CICS - UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Cova da Beira Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal
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25
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Li G, Larregina AT, Domsic RT, Stolz DB, Medsger TA, Lafyatis R, Fuschiotti P. Skin-Resident Effector Memory CD8 +CD28 - T Cells Exhibit a Profibrotic Phenotype in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:1042-1050. [PMID: 28012718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of CD28 expression by CD8+ T cells occurs with age and during chronic inflammatory conditions. CD8+CD28- T cells are a heterogeneous cell subpopulation whose function ranges from immunosuppressive to effector. Here we analyzed the role of CD8+CD28- T cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a connective tissue disorder characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and extensive cutaneous and visceral fibrosis. We show that the frequency of CD8+CD28- T cells is increased in the blood and affected skin of SSc patients, independent of patient age, and correlates with the extent of skin fibrosis. We found that most skin-tropic CD8+CD28- T cells are resident in the skin lesions of patients in the early stage of the disease, exhibit an effector memory phenotype, and present a strong cytolytic activity ex vivo. Skin-resident and circulating SSc CD8+CD28- T cells produce high levels of the profibrotic cytokine IL-13, which induces collagen production by normal and SSc dermal fibroblasts. Thus, our findings indicate that CD8+CD28- T cells represent a pathogenic T-cell subset in SSc and likely play a critical role in the early stage of SSc skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robyn T Domsic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas A Medsger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrizia Fuschiotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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26
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Vianna P, Mondadori AG, Bauer ME, Dornfeld D, Chies JAB. HLA-G and CD8+ regulatory T cells in the inflammatory environment of pre-eclampsia. Reproduction 2016; 152:741-751. [PMID: 27651521 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the maternal immune system is tolerant to foetal antigens via the engagement of immune regulatory mechanisms. Failure in regulating the maternal immunity to foetal antigens may lead to pre-eclampsia (PE). We addressed the role of HLA-G gene polymorphisms and protein expression as well as regulatory T cells and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in healthy and pathological pregnancies. Blood samples from 26 pregnant women with PE, 25 non-PE and 7 strictly healthy pregnant women were assessed. PBMCs were phenotyped for early activation markers (CD25 and CD69), regulatory T-cell markers (CD8+CD28- and CD4+CD25highFoxp3+), ILT-2 (HLA-G receptor) and HLA-G. Lymphocyte proliferation was estimated and levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 were measured. HLA-G polymorphisms (rs66554220 and rs1063320) were genotyped by PCR. PE women exhibited low levels of HLA-G in PBMCs and low frequency of regulatory CD8+CD28- T cells. High amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-2 and TNF-α as well as IL-4 and IL-10 and an increased proliferative cell activation profile were observed in PE. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the HLA-G gene polymorphisms and the frequency of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells did not vary among the groups. Our data suggest that the cytokine imbalance presented in PE is associated with a deficient immune regulatory profile, contributing to an impaired immune tolerance between mother and foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vianna
- Laboratory of ImmunogeneticsDepartment of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa G Mondadori
- Laboratory of ImmunogeneticsDepartment of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moisés E Bauer
- Laboratory of ImmunosenescenceInstitute of Biomedical Research, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dinara Dornfeld
- Neo-Natal UnitNossa Senhora Conceição Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José A B Chies
- Laboratory of ImmunogeneticsDepartment of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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27
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CD3(+)CD8(+)CD28(-) T Lymphocytes in Patients with Lupus Nephritis. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:1058165. [PMID: 27446964 PMCID: PMC4944066 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1058165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of studies on the CD3+CD8+CD28− cells in SLE are inconsistent since several analyses describe CD3+CD8+CD28− as either immunosuppressive or cytotoxic. The aim of this study is to inquire whether the quantitative changes of CD3+CD8+CD28− T lymphocytes subpopulation are related to the clinical status of patients with lupus nephritis. Evaluation of Foxp3 expression on CD3+CD8+CD28− cells may shed some light on functional properties of these cells. 54 adult SLE patients and 19 sex and age matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. There were 15 patients in inactive (SLEDAI ≤ 5) and 39 in active (SLEDAI > 5) phase of disease. We determined absolute count of CD3+CD8+CD28− and CD3+CD8+CD28−Foxp3+ subpopulations by flow cytometry. We observed a statistically significant increase in absolute count and percentage of CD3+CD8+CD28− in SLE patients compared to HC (p < 0.001). Moreover there was significant positive correlation between increasing absolute count of CD3+CD8+CD28− cells and disease activity measured by SLEDAI (rs = 0.281, p = 0.038). Active LN patients had increased absolute count of CD3+CD8+CD28− cells compared to HC. Positive correlation of CD3+CD8+CD28− number with disease activity, and lack of Foxp3 expression on these cells, suggests that CD3+CD8+CD28− lymphocytes might be responsible for an increased proinflammatory response in the exacerbation of SLE.
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28
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Hamilton-Williams EE, Bergot AS, Reeves PLS, Steptoe RJ. Maintenance of peripheral tolerance to islet antigens. J Autoimmun 2016; 72:118-25. [PMID: 27255733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reestablishment of immune tolerance to the insulin-producing beta cells is the desired goal for type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment and prevention. Immune tolerance to multiple islet antigens is defective in individuals with T1D, but the mechanisms involved are multifaceted and may involve loss of thymic and peripheral tolerance. In this review we discuss our current understanding of the varied mechanisms by which peripheral tolerance to islet antigens is maintained in healthy individuals where genetic protection from T1D is present and how this fails in those with genetic susceptibility to disease. Novel findings in regards to expression of neo-islet antigens, non-classical regulatory cell subsets and the impact of specific genetic variants on tolerance induction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Hamilton-Williams
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Anne-Sophie Bergot
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peta L S Reeves
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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29
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Kared H, Martelli S, Ng TP, Pender SLF, Larbi A. CD57 in human natural killer cells and T-lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:441-52. [PMID: 26850637 PMCID: PMC11029668 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The CD57 antigen (alternatively HNK-1, LEU-7, or L2) is routinely used to identify terminally differentiated 'senescent' cells with reduced proliferative capacity and altered functional properties. In this article, we review current understanding of the attributes of CD57-expressing T-cells and NK cells in both health and disease and discuss how this marker can inform researchers about their likely functions in human blood and tissues in vivo. While CD57 expression on human lymphocytes indicates an inability to proliferate, these cells also display high cytotoxic potential, and CD57(pos) NK cells exhibit both memory-like features and potent effector functions. Accordingly, frequencies of CD57-expressing cells in blood and tissues have been correlated with clinical prognosis in chronic infections or various cancers and with human aging. Functional modulation of senescent CD57(pos) T-cells and mature CD57(pos) NK cells may therefore represent innovative strategies for protection against human immunological aging and/or various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Aging and Immunity Program, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #3 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Serena Martelli
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Aging and Immunity Program, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #3 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontological Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sylvia L F Pender
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Aging and Immunity Program, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #3 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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30
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Sinha S, Boyden AW, Itani FR, Crawford MP, Karandikar NJ. CD8(+) T-Cells as Immune Regulators of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:619. [PMID: 26697014 PMCID: PMC4674574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of studies regarding the immune basis of MS (and its animal model, EAE) have largely focused on CD4(+) T-cells as mediators and regulators of disease. Interestingly, CD8(+) T-cells represent the predominant T-cell population in human MS lesions and are oligoclonally expanded at the site of pathology. However, their role in the autoimmune pathologic process has been both understudied and controversial. Several animal models and MS patient studies support a pathogenic role for CNS-specific CD8(+) T-cells, whereas we and others have demonstrated a regulatory role for these cells in disease. In this review, we describe studies that have investigated the role of CD8(+) T-cells in MS and EAE, presenting evidence for both pathogenic and regulatory functions. In our studies, we have shown that cytotoxic/suppressor CD8(+) T-cells are CNS antigen-specific, MHC class I-restricted, IFNγ- and perforin-dependent, and are able to inhibit disease. The clinical relevance for CD8(+) T-cell suppressive function is best described by a lack of their function during MS relapse, and importantly, restoration of their suppressive function during quiescence. Furthermore, CD8(+) T-cells with immunosuppressive functions can be therapeutically induced in MS patients by glatiramer acetate (GA) treatment. Unlike CNS-specific CD8(+) T-cells, these immunosuppressive GA-induced CD8(+) T-cells appear to be HLA-E restricted. These studies have provided greater fundamental insight into the role of autoreactive as well as therapeutically induced CD8(+) T-cells in disease amelioration. The clinical implications for these findings are immense and we propose that this natural process can be harnessed toward the development of an effective immunotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Sinha
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | | | - Farah R Itani
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
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Al Ghamdi AA, Badr G, Hozzein WN, Allam A, Al-Waili NS, Al-Wadaan MA, Garraud O. Oral supplementation of diabetic mice with propolis restores the proliferation capacity and chemotaxis of B and T lymphocytes towards CCL21 and CXCL12 by modulating the lipid profile, the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:54. [PMID: 26370805 PMCID: PMC4570673 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the selective destruction of pancreatic β cells, followed by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and the subsequent extensive impairment of immune cell functions, a phenomenon responsible for the development of chronic diabetic complications. Propolis, a natural bee product that is extensively used in foods and beverages, significantly benefits human health. Specifically, propolis exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects that may improve diabetic complications. To further elucidate the potential benefits of propolis, the present study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with propolis on the plasma cytokine profiles, free radical levels, lipid profile and lymphocyte proliferation and chemotaxis in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic mouse model. METHODS Thirty male mice were equally distributed into 3 experimental groups: group 1, non-diabetic control mice; group 2, diabetic mice; and group 3, diabetic mice supplemented daily with an ethanol-soluble derivative of propolis (100 mg/kg body weight) for 1 month. RESULTS First, the induction of diabetes in mice was associated with hyperglycemia and significant decreases in the insulin level and the lymphocyte count. In this context, diabetic mice exhibited severe diabetic complications, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-7, prolonged elevation of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and altered lipid profiles compared with control non-diabetic mice. Moreover, antigen stimulation of B and T lymphocytes markedly reduced the proliferative capacity and chemotaxis of these cells towards CCL21 and CXCL12 in diabetic mice compared with control mice. Interestingly, compared with diabetes induction alone, treatment of diabetic mice with propolis significantly restored the plasma cytokine and ROS levels and the lipid profile to nearly normal levels. Most importantly, compared with untreated diabetic mice, diabetic mice treated with propolis exhibited significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and chemotaxis towards CCL21 and CXCL12. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal the potential immuno-modulatory effects of propolis, which acts as a natural antioxidant to enhance the function of immune cells during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Al Ghamdi
- Chair of Engineer Abdullah Baqshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Badr
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed A Al-Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olivier Garraud
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
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32
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Betjes MGH. Clinical consequences of circulating CD28-negative T cells for solid organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2015; 29:274-84. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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33
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CD8+ T cells are predominantly protective and required for effective steroid therapy in murine models of immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2015; 126:247-56. [PMID: 26036802 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-635417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by autoantibodies targeting platelet surface proteins, most commonly GPIIbIIIa (αIIbβ3 integrin), leading to platelet destruction. Recently, CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) targeting platelets and megakaryocytes have also been implicated in thrombocytopenia. Because steroids are the most commonly administered therapy for ITP worldwide, we established both active (immunized splenocyte engraftment) and passive (antibody injection) murine models of steroid treatment. Surprisingly, we found that, in both models, CD8(+) T cells limited the severity of the thrombocytopenia and were required for an efficacious response to steroid therapy. Conversely, CD8(+) T-cell depletion led to more severe thrombocytopenia, whereas CD8(+) T-cell transfusion ameliorated thrombocytopenia. CD8(+) T-regulatory cell (Treg) subsets were detected, and interestingly, dexamethasone (DEX) treatment selectively expanded CD8(+) Tregs while decreasing CTLs. In vitro coculture studies revealed CD8(+) Tregs suppressed CD4(+) and CD19(+) proliferation, platelet-associated immunoglobulin G generation, CTL cytotoxicity, platelet apoptosis, and clearance. Furthermore, we found increased production of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 in coculture studies and in vivo after steroid treatment. Thus, we uncovered subsets of CD8(+) Tregs and demonstrated their potent immunosuppressive and protective roles in experimentally induced thrombocytopenia. The data further elucidate mechanisms of steroid treatment and suggest therapeutic potential for CD8(+) Tregs in immune thrombocytopenia.
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34
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Rong J, Yin J, Su Z. Natural antisense RNAs are involved in the regulation of CD45 expression in autoimmune diseases. Lupus 2015; 24:235-9. [PMID: 25381328 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314558856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD45 is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells and can initiate signal transduction via the dephosphorylation of tyrosine. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encode distinct isoforms, which indicate different functional states of CD45. Among these variants, CD45RO, which contains neither exon 4, 5, or 6, is over-expressed in lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type I diabetes. The CD45 RO serves as a marker of the immune response activity and lymphocyte development. Previous studies have indicated that exon splicing is generally correlated with local hypermethylated DNA and acetylated histone modification, while autoimmune diseases are commonly associated with global hypomethylation and histone deacetylation in lymphocytes. Thus, the question arises of how exons 4, 5, and 6 of CD45RO are excluded under the status of global DNA hypomethylation and histone deacetylation in these autoimmune diseases. On the basis of the analyses of the context sequence of CD45 and its natural antisense RNA in GenBank, we proposed that the long noncoding RNA encoded by the natural antisense gene of CD45 contributes to the expressional regulation of the CD45RO splicing variant via recruitment of DNA methyltransferase and histone modification modulators specific to the sense gene CD45; thus, it is associated with the over-expression of CD45RO and the functional regulation of lymphocytes in the pathogenic development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rong
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - J Yin
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou Guangdong, China
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Liu Q, Zheng H, Chen X, Peng Y, Huang W, Li X, Li G, Xia W, Sun Q, Xiang AP. Human mesenchymal stromal cells enhance the immunomodulatory function of CD8(+)CD28(-) regulatory T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:708-18. [PMID: 25482073 PMCID: PMC4716622 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One important aspect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-mediated immunomodulation is the recruitment and induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, we do not yet know whether MSCs have similar effects on the other subsets of Treg cells. Herein, we studied the effects of MSCs on CD8(+)CD28(-) Treg cells and found that the MSCs could not only increase the proportion of CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells, but also enhance CD8(+)CD28(-)T cells' ability of hampering naive CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and activation, decreasing the production of IFN-γ by activated CD4(+) T cells and inducing the apoptosis of activated CD4(+) T cells. Mechanistically, the MSCs affected the functions of the CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells partially through moderate upregulating the expression of IL-10 and FasL. The MSCs had no distinct effect on the shift from CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells to CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells, but did increase the proportion of CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells by reducing their rate of apoptosis. In summary, this study shows that MSCs can enhance the regulatory function of CD8(+)CD28(-) Treg cells, shedding new light on MSCs-mediated immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Liu
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Zheng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Peng
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiquan Sun
- Department of Renal Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yarde DN, Lorenzo-Arteaga K, Corley KP, Cabrera M, Sarvetnick NE. CD28⁻ CD8⁺ T cells are significantly reduced and correlate with disease duration in juveniles with type 1 diabetes. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:1069-74. [PMID: 25241914 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. T1D is typically diagnosed in children, but information regarding immune cell subsets in juveniles with T1D is scarce. Therefore, we studied various lymphocytic populations found in the peripheral blood of juveniles with T1D compared to age-matched controls (ages 2-17). One population of interest is the CD28(-) CD8(+) T cell subset, which are late-differentiated cells also described as suppressors. These cells are altered in a number of disease states and have been shown to be reduced in adults with T1D. We found that the proportion of CD28(-) cells within the CD8(+) T cell population is significantly reduced in juvenile type 1 diabetics. Furthermore, this reduction is not correlated with age in T1D juveniles, although a significant negative correlation between proportion CD28(-) CD8(+) T cells and age was observed in the healthy controls. Finally, correlation analysis revealed a significant and negative correlation between the proportion of CD28(-) CD8(+) T cells and T1D disease duration. These findings show that the CD28(-) CD8(+) T cell population is perturbed following onset of disease and may prove to be a valuable marker for monitoring the progression of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Yarde
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA
| | - Kristina Lorenzo-Arteaga
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA
| | - Kevin P Corley
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, 8200 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
| | - Monina Cabrera
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, 8200 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
| | - Nora E Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA.
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Accumulation of 4-1BBL+ B cells in the elderly induces the generation of granzyme-B+ CD8+ T cells with potential antitumor activity. Blood 2014; 124:1450-9. [PMID: 25037628 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-03-563940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the accumulation of highly-differentiated and granzyme B (GrB)-expressing CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells has been associated with aging, the mechanism for their enrichment and contribution to immune function remains poorly understood. Here we report a novel B-cell subset expressing 4-1BBL, which increases with age in humans, rhesus macaques, and mice, and with immune reconstitution after chemotherapy and autologous progenitor cell transplantation. These cells (termed 4BL cells) induce GrB(+)CD8(+) T cells by presenting endogenous antigens and using the 4-1BBL/4-1BB axis. We found that the 4BL cells increase antitumor responses in old mice, which may explain in part the paradox of retarded tumor growth in the elderly. 4BL cell accumulation and its capacity to evoke the generation of GrB(+)CD8(+) T cells can be eliminated by inducing reconstitution of B cells in old mice, suggesting that the age-associated skewed cellular immune responses are reversible. We propose that 4BL cells and the 4-1BBL signaling pathway are useful targets for improved effectiveness of natural antitumor defenses and therapeutic immune manipulations in the elderly.
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Li M, Song LJ, Qin XY. Advances in the cellular immunological pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:749-58. [PMID: 24629100 PMCID: PMC4119381 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. In recent years, the incidence of type 1 diabetes continues to increase. It is supposed that genetic, environmental and immune factors participate in the damage of pancreatic β cells. Both the immune regulation and the immune response are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, in which cellular immunity plays a significant role. For the infiltration of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and other immune cells take part in the damage of pancreatic β cells, which ultimately lead to type 1 diabetes. This review outlines the cellular immunological mechanism of type 1 diabetes, with a particular emphasis to T lymphocyte and natural killer cells, and provides the effective immune therapy in T1D, which is approached at three stages. However, future studies will be directed at searching for an effective, safe and long-lasting strategy to enhance the regulation of a diabetogenic immune system with limited toxicity and without global immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lu-Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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Zhu Z, You W, Xie Z, Wang P, Liu Z, Wang C, Bi J. Mycophenolate mofetil improves neurological function and alters blood T-lymphocyte subsets in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:530-41. [PMID: 24496150 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513505267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the clinical and pathological effects of the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a model of multiple sclerosis [MS]). Methods EAE rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: model alone ( n = 7); low- or high-dose MMF (20 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively, n = 6 each) orally for 14 days; methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg per day, n = 6) injected once daily for 3 days. Six normal Wistar rats served as controls. Clinical signs and histopathological findings were evaluated 14 days after treatment started. Results Oral administration of high-dose MMF significantly ameliorated the course of EAE in rats: cumulative clinical scores were lower and weight loss was less than in rats receiving methylprednisolone. The ameliorated disease course was associated with alleviation of histopathological signs of EAE. Treatment increased the blood proportion of CD8+, CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD45RA+ T cells, with a concomitant reduced proportion of CD4+ T cells and ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells, compared with EAE model alone rats. Conclusions MMF may have pharmacological potential in MS treatment and these findings may help in understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhu
- Department of Neural Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei You
- Yantai Municipal Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - ZhaoHong Xie
- Department of Neural Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neural Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neural Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cunfu Wang
- Department of Neural Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - JianZhong Bi
- Department of Neural Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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40
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Idd13 is involved in determining immunoregulatory DN T-cell number in NOD mice. Genes Immun 2014; 15:82-7. [PMID: 24335706 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunoregulatory T cells have been identified as key modulators of peripheral tolerance and participate in preventing autoimmune diseases. CD4(-)CD8(-) (double negative, DN) T cells compose one of these immunoregulatory T-cell subsets, where the injection of DN T cells confers protection from autoimmune diabetes progression. Interestingly, genetic loci defining the function and number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) coincide with at least some autoimmune disease susceptibility loci. Herein, we investigate the impact of major insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) loci in defining the number of DN T cells. We demonstrate that although Idd3, Idd5 and Idd9 loci do not regulate DN T-cell number, NOD mice congenic for diabetes resistance alleles at the Idd13 locus show a partial restoration in DN T-cell number. Moreover, competitive and non-competitive bone marrow chimera experiments reveal that DN T-cell number is defined by a bone marrow-intrinsic, but DN T-cell-extrinsic, factor. This suggests that non-autonomous candidate genes define DN T-cell number in secondary lymphoid organs. Together, our results show that the regulation of DN T-cell number in NOD mice is at least partially conferred by alleles at the Idd13 locus.
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41
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Engela AU, Baan CC, Litjens NHR, Franquesa M, Betjes MGH, Weimar W, Hoogduijn MJ. Mesenchymal stem cells control alloreactive CD8(+) CD28(-) T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 174:449-58. [PMID: 24028656 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD28/B7 co-stimulation blockade with belatacept prevents alloreactivity in kidney transplant patients. However, cells lacking CD28 are not susceptible to belatacept treatment. As CD8(+) CD28(-) T-cells have cytotoxic and pathogenic properties, we investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are effective in controlling these cells. In mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), MSC and belatacept inhibited peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. MSC at MSC/effector cell ratios of 1:160 and 1:2·5 reduced proliferation by 38·8 and 92·2%, respectively. Belatacept concentrations of 0·1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml suppressed proliferation by 20·7 and 80·6%, respectively. Both treatments in combination did not inhibit each other's function. Allostimulated CD8(+) CD28(-) T cells were able to proliferate and expressed the cytolytic and cytotoxic effector molecules granzyme B, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. While belatacept did not affect the proliferation of CD8(+) CD28(-) T cells, MSC reduced the percentage of CD28(-) T cells in the proliferating CD8(+) T cell fraction by 45·9% (P = 0·009). CD8(+) CD28(-) T cells as effector cells in MLR in the presence of CD4(+) T cell help gained CD28 expression, an effect independent of MSC. In contrast, allostimulated CD28(+) T cells did not lose CD28 expression in MLR-MSC co-culture, suggesting that MSC control pre-existing CD28(-) T cells and not newly induced CD28(-) T cells. In conclusion, alloreactive CD8(+) CD28(-) T cells that remain unaffected by belatacept treatment are inhibited by MSC. This study indicates the potential of an MSC-belatacept combination therapy to control alloreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Engela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Nielsen CM, White MJ, Goodier MR, Riley EM. Functional Significance of CD57 Expression on Human NK Cells and Relevance to Disease. Front Immunol 2013; 4:422. [PMID: 24367364 PMCID: PMC3856678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, human NK cells have been identified as CD3(-)CD56(+)CD16(±) lymphocytes. More recently it has been established that CD57 expression defines functionally discrete sub-populations of NK cells. On T cells, CD57 expression has been regarded as a marker of terminal differentiation and (perhaps wrongly) of anergy and senescence. Similarly, CD57 expression seems to identify the final stages of peripheral NK cell maturation; its expression increases with age and is associated with chronic infections, particularly human cytomegalovirus infection. However, CD57(+) NK cells are highly cytotoxic and their presence seems to be beneficial in a number of non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this article is to review our current understanding of CD57 expression as a marker of NK cell function and disease prognosis, as well as to outline areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | - Matthew J White
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | - Martin R Goodier
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK
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Bollyky JB, Long SA, Fitch M, Bollyky PL, Rieck M, Rogers R, Samuels PL, Sanda S, Buckner JH, Hellerstein MK, Greenbaum CJ. Evaluation of in vivo T cell kinetics: use of heavy isotope labelling in type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:363-74. [PMID: 23600824 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) memory cell development is dependent upon T cell receptor (TCR) signal strength, antigen dose and the cytokine milieu, all of which are altered in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We hypothesized that CD4(+) T cell turnover would be greater in type 1 diabetes subjects compared to controls. In vitro studies of T cell function are unable to evaluate dynamic aspects of immune cell homoeostasis. Therefore, we used deuterium oxide ((2) H(2)O) to assess in vivo turnover of CD4(+) T cell subsets in T1D (n = 10) and control subjects (n = 10). Serial samples of naive, memory and regulatory (T(reg)) CD4(+) T cell subsets were collected and enrichment of deoxyribose was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Quantification of T cell turnover was performed using mathematical models to estimate fractional enrichment (f, n = 20), turnover rate (k, n = 20), proliferation (p, n = 10) and disappearance (d*, n = 10). Although turnover of T(regs) was greater than memory and naive cells in both controls and T1D subjects, no differences were seen between T1D and controls in T(reg) or naive kinetics. However, turnover of CD4(+) memory T cells was faster in those with T1D compared to control subjects. Measurement and modelling of incorporated deuterium is useful for evaluating the in vivo kinetics of immune cells in T1D and could be incorporated into studies of the natural history of disease or clinical trials designed to alter the disease course. The enhanced CD4(+) memory T cell turnover in T1D may be important in understanding the pathophysiology and potential treatments of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Bollyky
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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He F, Balling R. The role of regulatory T cells in neurodegenerative diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 5:153-80. [PMID: 22899644 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A sustained neuroinflammatory response is the hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and HIV-associated neurodegeneration. A specific subset of T cells, currently recognized as FOXP3(+) CD25(+) CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), are pivotal in suppressing autoimmunity and maintaining immune homeostasis by mediating self-tolerance at the periphery as shown in autoimmune diseases and cancers. A growing body of evidence shows that Tregs are not only important for maintaining immune balance at the periphery but also contribute to self-tolerance and immune privilege in the central nervous system. In this article, we first review the current status of knowledge concerning the development and the suppressive function of Tregs. We then discuss the evidence supporting a dysfunction of Tregs in several neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, a dysfunction of Tregs is mainly observed in the early stages of several neurodegenerative diseases, but not in their chronic stages, pointing to a causative role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we provide an overview of a number of molecules, such as hormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, or ion channels, that affect the dysfunction of Tregs in neurodegenerative diseases. We also emphasize the effects of the intestinal microbiome on the induction and function of Tregs and the need to study the crosstalk between the enteric nervous system and Tregs in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we point out the need for a systems biology approach in the analysis of the enormous complexity regulating the function of Tregs and their potential role in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
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Smoleńska Ż, Pawłowska J, Zdrojewski Z, Daca A, Bryl E. Increased percentage of CD8+CD28− T cells correlates with clinical activity in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Cell Immunol 2012; 278:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Quaglino P, Antiga E, Comessatti A, Caproni M, Nardò T, Ponti R, Novelli M, Osella-Abate S, Fabbri P, Bernengo MG. Circulating CD4+ CD25brightFOXP3+ regulatory T-cells are significantly reduced in bullous pemphigoid patients. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:639-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Tsai S, Clemente-Casares X, Santamaria P. CD8(+) Tregs in autoimmunity: learning "self"-control from experience. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3781-95. [PMID: 21671120 PMCID: PMC11114820 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive CD8(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles as modulators of immune responses against self, and numerical and functional defects in CD8(+) Tregs have been linked to autoimmunity. Several subsets of CD8(+) Tregs have been described. However, the origin of these T cells and how they participate in the natural progression of autoimmunity remain poorly defined. We discuss several lines of evidence suggesting that the autoimmune process itself promotes the development of autoregulatory CD8(+) T cells. We posit that chronic autoantigenic exposure fosters the differentiation of non-pathogenic autoreactive CD8(+) T cells into antigen-experienced, memory-like autoregulatory T cells, to generate a "negative feedback" regulatory loop capable of countering pathogenic autoreactive effectors. This hypothesis predicts that approaches capable of boosting autoregulatory T cell memory will be able to blunt autoimmunity without compromising systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Tsai
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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Badr G, Mohany M, Metwalli A. Effects of undenatured whey protein supplementation on CXCL12- and CCL21-mediated B and T cell chemotaxis in diabetic mice. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:203. [PMID: 22070978 PMCID: PMC3233520 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long and persistent uncontrolled diabetes tends to degenerate the immune system and leads to an increased incidence of infection. Whey proteins (WPs) enhance immunity during early life and have a protective role in some immune disorders. In this study, the effects of camel WP on the chemotaxis of B and T cells to CXCL12 and CCL21 in diabetic mice were investigated. Results Flow cytometric analysis of the surface expressions of CXCR4 (CXCL12 receptor) and CCR7 (CCL21 receptor) on B and T cells revealed that the surface expressions of CXCR4 and CCR7 were not significantly altered in diabetic and WP-supplemented diabetic mice compared with control mice. Nevertheless, B and T lymphocytes from diabetic mice were found to be in a stunned state, with a marked and significant (P < 0.05) decrease in CXCL12- and CCL21-mediated actin polymerization and subsequently, a marked decrease in their chemotaxis. WP supplementation in the diabetes model was found to significantly increase CXCL12- and CCL21-mediated actin polymerization and chemotaxis in both B and T cells. Conclusion Our data revealed the benefits of WP supplementation in enhancing cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis in B and T cells, and subsequently improving the immune response in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Matteucci E, Ghimenti M, Di Beo S, Giampietro O. Altered proportions of naïve, central memory and terminally differentiated central memory subsets among CD4+ and CD8 + T cells expressing CD26 in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:977-84. [PMID: 21887518 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune process predominantly T-cell mediated. CD26 plays a role in T-cell costimulation, migration, memory development, thymic maturation and emigration patterns. In peripheral blood from 55 patients with type 1 diabetes and 20 healthy controls, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing CD26 were differentiated into naïve (N, CD45RA(+)CCR7(+)), central memory (CM, CD45RA(-)CCR7(+)), effector memory (EM, CD45RA(-)CCR7(-)), and terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA, CD45RA(+)CCR7(-)). In type 1 diabetes, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing CD26 showed a distinctive differentiation profile: percentages and absolute numbers of CM and N cells were reduced, whereas those of TEMRA cells were markedly increased. The indices of intermediate- and long-term glycaemic control were associated negatively with the number of CM and N cells while positively with the number of TEMRA cells. The considerable accumulation of TEMRA T cells in our patients suggests life-long stimulation by protracted antigen exposure (viruses, other agents or residual self-antigens?) or a homeostatic defect in the regulation/contraction of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matteucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Strioga M, Pasukoniene V, Characiejus D. CD8+ CD28- and CD8+ CD57+ T cells and their role in health and disease. Immunology 2011; 134:17-32. [PMID: 21711350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic antigenic stimulation leads to gradual accumulation of late-differentiated, antigen-specific, oligoclonal T cells, particularly within the CD8(+) T-cell compartment. They are characterized by critically shortened telomeres, loss of CD28 and/or gain of CD57 expression and are defined as either CD8(+) CD28(-) or CD8(+) CD57(+) T lymphocytes. There is growing evidence that the CD8(+) CD28(-) (CD8(+) CD57(+)) T-cell population plays a significant role in various diseases or conditions, associated with chronic immune activation such as cancer, chronic intracellular infections, chronic alcoholism, some chronic pulmonary diseases, autoimmune diseases, allogeneic transplantation, as well as has a great influence on age-related changes in the immune system status. CD8(+) CD28(-) (CD8(+) CD57(+)) T-cell population is heterogeneous and composed of various functionally competing (cytotoxic and immunosuppressive) subsets thus the overall effect of CD8(+) CD28(-) (CD8(+) CD57(+)) T-cell-mediated immunity depends on the predominance of a particular subset. Many articles claim that CD8(+) CD28(-) (CD8(+) CD57(+)) T cells have lost their proliferative capacity during process of replicative senescence triggered by repeated antigenic stimulation. However recent data indicate that CD8(+) CD28(-) (CD8(+) CD57(+)) T cells can transiently up-regulate telomerase activity and proliferate under certain stimulation conditions. Similarly, conflicting data is provided regarding CD8(+) CD28(-) (CD8(+) CD57(+)) T-cell sensitivity to apoptosis, finally leading to the conclusion that this T-cell population is also heterogeneous in terms of its apoptotic potential. This review provides a comprehensive approach to the CD8(+) CD28(-) (CD8(+) CD57(+)) T-cell population: we describe in detail its origins, molecular and functional characteristics, subsets, role in various diseases or conditions, associated with persistent antigenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Strioga
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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