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Daneels W, Van Parys A, Huyghe L, Rogge E, De Rouck S, Christiaen R, Zabeau L, Taveirne S, Van Dorpe J, Kley N, Cauwels A, Depla E, Tavernier J, Offner F. High efficacy of huCD20-targeted AcTaferon in humanized patient derived xenograft models of aggressive B cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:59. [PMID: 38831452 PMCID: PMC11145843 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) is a potent antitumoral drug, with an important history in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, its pleiotropic nature leads to severe dose-limiting toxicities that blunt its therapeutic potential. To achieve selective targeting of specific immune or tumor cells, AcTakines (Activity-on-Target Cytokines), i.e., immunocytokines utilizing attenuated cytokines, and clinically optimized A-Kines™ were developed. In syngeneic murine models, the CD20-targeted murine IFNα2-based AcTaferons (AFNs) have demonstrated clear antitumoral effects, with excellent tolerability. The current study explores the antitumoral potential of the humanized huCD20-Fc-AFN in 5 different humanized patient derived xenograft (PDX) models of huCD20+ aggressive B non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs). The huCD20-Fc-AFN consists of a huCD20-specific single-domain antibody (VHH) linked through a heterodimeric 'knob-in-hole' human IgG1 Fc molecule to an attenuated huIFNα2 sequence. An in vitro targeting efficacy of up to 1.000-fold could be obtained, without detectable in vivo toxicities, except for selective (on-target) and reversible B cell depletion. Treatment with huCD20-Fc-AFN significantly increased the median overall survival (mOS) in both non-humanized (mOS 31 to 45 days; HR = 0.26; p = 0.001), and humanized NSG/NOG mice (mOS 34 to 80 days; HR = 0.37; p < 0.0001). In humanized mice, there was a trend for increased survival when compared to equimolar rituximab (mOS 49 to 80 days; HR = 0.73; p = 0.09). The antitumoral effects of huCD20-Fc-AFN were partly due to direct effects of type I IFN on the tumor cells, but additional effects via the human immune system are essential to obtain long-term remissions. To conclude, huCD20-Fc-AFN could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for huCD20-expressing aggressive B-NHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Daneels
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Alexander Van Parys
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences BV, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leander Huyghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences BV, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Rogge
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences BV, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffi De Rouck
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences BV, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niko Kley
- Orionis Biosciences BV, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anje Cauwels
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences BV, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Tavernier
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences BV, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Krull JE, Wenzl K, Hopper MA, Manske MK, Sarangi V, Maurer MJ, Larson MC, Mondello P, Yang Z, Novak JP, Serres M, Whitaker KR, Villasboas Bisneto JC, Habermann TM, Witzig TE, Link BK, Rimsza LM, King RL, Ansell SM, Cerhan JR, Novak AJ. Follicular lymphoma B cells exhibit heterogeneous transcriptional states with associated somatic alterations and tumor microenvironments. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101443. [PMID: 38428430 PMCID: PMC10983045 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center origin, which presents with significant biologic and clinical heterogeneity. Using RNA-seq on B cells sorted from 87 FL biopsies, combined with machine-learning approaches, we identify 3 transcriptional states that divide the biological ontology of FL B cells into inflamed, proliferative, and chromatin-modifying states, with relationship to prior GC B cell phenotypes. When integrated with whole-exome sequencing and immune profiling, we find that each state was associated with a combination of mutations in chromatin modifiers, copy-number alterations to TNFAIP3, and T follicular helper cells (Tfh) cell interactions, or primarily by a microenvironment rich in activated T cells. Altogether, these data define FL B cell transcriptional states across a large cohort of patients, contribute to our understanding of FL heterogeneity at the tumor cell level, and provide a foundation for guiding therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Wenzl
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Maurer
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - ZhiZhang Yang
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian K Link
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lisa M Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca L King
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anne J Novak
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Fan W, Wei B, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xiao P, Li K, Zhang YQ, Huang J, Leng L, Bucala R. Potential role of RhoA GTPase regulation in type interferon signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:31. [PMID: 38243295 PMCID: PMC10799493 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, which results in tissue inflammation and organ damage. We explored the role of the RhoA GTPase in the type I IFN activation pathway to provide a potential basis for targeting GTPase signaling for the treatment of SLE. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and healthy controls, and the mRNA expression levels of RhoA and IFN-stimulated genes were measured by SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. IFN-a-stimulated response element (ISRE)-luciferase reporter gene assays and Western blotting were conducted to assess the biologic function of RhoA. An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) measured C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) protein expression. RESULTS Our studies demonstrate that the expression of RhoA in the PBMCs of SLE subjects was significantly higher than in healthy controls and positively correlated with type I IFN scores and type I IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) expression levels. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of RhoA and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 reduced the activity of the type I IFN-induced ISRE, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) phosphorylation, and the expression of CXCL10 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1). Finally, we verified that Y27632 could significantly down-regulate the OAS1 and CXCL10 expression levels in the PBMCs of SLE patients. CONCLUSION Our study shows that RhoA positively regulates the activation of the type I IFN response pathway. Reducing the expression level of RhoA inhibits the abnormal activation of the type I IFN system, and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 decreases aberrant type I IFN signaling in SLE PBMCs, suggesting the possibility of targeting the RhoA GTPase for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Xuyan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Pingping Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kaiyan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yi Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jinmei Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Jiang K, Cai J, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Deng G, Li X, Yang J. Interferon-tau protects bovine endometrial epithelial cells against inflammatory injury by regulating the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin/FoxO1 signaling axis. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:555-572. [PMID: 38220437 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Endometritis is one of the most common causes of infertility in dairy cows, and is histopathologically characterized by inflammation and damage of endometrial epithelium. Interferon-tau (IFN-τ) is a novel type I interferon secreted by ruminant trophoblast cells with low cytotoxicity even at high doses. Previous studies suggested that IFN-τ plays an important role in inflammation. However, the mechanisms whereby IFN-τ may modulate the inflammatory responses in the bovine endometrium are unknown. In the present study, primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEEC) isolated from fresh and healthy uterine horns were used for in vitro studies. The integrity of BEEC was assessed by immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin 18 (CK-18, a known epithelial marker). For the experiments, BEEC were stimulated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0-20 µg/mL) for different times (0-24 h). Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed via CCK-8 and flow cytometry. In a preliminary study, we observed that compared with the control group without LPS, 10 µg/mL of LPS stimulation for 24 h induced apoptosis. In a subsequent study, 20 or 40 ng/mL of IFN-τ alleviated LPS-induced apoptosis. Relative to the LPS group, western blotting further revealed that IFN-τ inhibited the protein abundance of TLR4 and phosphorylated (p-) p65 (p-p65) and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, suggesting that IFN-τ can protect BEEC against inflammatory injury. Furthermore, the protein abundance of p-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), p-protein kinase B (p-AKT), p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β), β-catenin, and p-forkhead box O1 (p-FoxO1) was lower in the LPS group, whereas IFN-τ upregulated their abundance. The use of LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K/AKT, attenuated the upregulation of p-PI3K, p-AKT p-GSK3β, β-catenin, and p-FoxO1 induced by IFN-τ, and also blocked the downregulation of TLR4, p-p65, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. This suggested that the inhibition of TLR4 signaling by IFN-τ was mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, compared with the LPS group, the β-catenin agonist SB216763 led to greater p-FoxO1 and lower p-p65 and cell apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of β-catenin using small interfering RNA had the opposite effects. To explore the role of FoxO1 on the inhibition of TLR4 by IFN-τ, we employed LY294002 to inhibit the PI3K/AKT while FoxO1 was knocked down. Results revealed that the knockdown of FoxO1 blocked the upregulation of TLR4 and p-p65 induced by LY294002, and enhanced the inhibition of IFN-τ on TLR4, p-p65, and cell apoptosis. Overall, these findings confirmed that IFN-τ can protect endometrial epithelial cells against inflammatory injury via suppressing TLR4 activation through the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin/FoxO1 axis. These represent new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory function of IFN-τ in BEEC, and also provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the in vivo application of IFN-τ to help prevent negative effects of endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfeng Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyin Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Fan W, Wei B, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xiao P, Li K, Zhang YQ, Huang J, Leng L, Bucala R. The RhoA GTPase regulates Type I Interferon Signaling in Systemic lupus erythematosus. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3320841. [PMID: 37790522 PMCID: PMC10543431 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3320841/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, which results in tissue inflammation and organ damage. We explored the role of the RhoA GTPase in the type I IFN activation pathway to provide a potential basis for targeting GTPase signaling for the treatment of SLE. Methods Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and healthy controls, and the mRNA expression levels of RhoA and IFN-stimulated genes were measured by SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE)-luciferase reporter gene assays and Western blotting were conducted to asssess the biologic function of RhoA. An Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) measured C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)protein expression. Results Our studies demonstrated that the expression of RhoA in the PBMCs of SLE subjects was significantly higher than healthy controls and positively correlated with type I IFN scores and type I IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) expression levels. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of RhoA and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 reduced the activity of the type I IFN-induced ISRE, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) phosphorylation, and the expression of CXCL10 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1(OAS1). Finally,we verified that Y27632 could significantly down-regulate the OAS1 and CXCL10 expression levels in PBMCs of SLE patients. Conclusion Our study shows that RhoA positively regulates the activation of the type I IFN response pathway. Reducing the expression level of RhoA inhibits the abnormal activation of the type I IFN system, and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 decreases aberrant type I IFN signaling in SLE PBMCs, suggesting the possibility of targeting the RhoA GTPase for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Bo Wei
- Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University
| | - Xuyan Chen
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Yi Zhang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Pingping Xiao
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Kaiyan Li
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Yi Qin Zhang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Jinmei Huang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Lin Leng
- Yale University School of Medicine
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Cao J, Xu H, Yu Y, Xu Z. Regulatory roles of cytokines in T and B lymphocytes-mediated immunity in teleost fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 144:104621. [PMID: 36801469 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
T and B lymphocytes (T and B cells) are immune effector cells that play critical roles in adaptive immunity and defend against external pathogens in most vertebrates, including teleost fish. In mammals, the development and immune response of T and B cells is associated with cytokines including chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumor necrosis factors during pathogenic invasion or immunization. Given that teleost fish have evolved a similar adaptive immune system to mammals with T and B cells bearing unique receptors (B-cell receptors (BCRs) and T-cell receptors (TCRs)) and that cytokines in general have been identified, whether the regulatory roles of cytokines in T and B cell-mediated immunity are evolutionarily conserved between mammalians and teleost fish is a fascinating question. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of teleost cytokines and T and B cells as well as the regulatory roles of cytokines on these two types of lymphocytes. This may provide important information on the parallelisms and dissimilarities of the functions of cytokines in bony fish versus higher vertebrates, which may aid in the evaluation and development of adaptive immunity-based vaccines or immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Cao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongyao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Chen J, Du Y, Long Y, Tao D, Hu M, Jiang Y, Wan Y, Yang D. Polyphenols in Ilex latifolia Thunb. inhibit human lung cancer cell line A549 by regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:85. [PMID: 35321703 PMCID: PMC8943935 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The leaves of the plant Ilex latifolia Thunb. can be made into Kuding tea, which is a drink rich in polyphenols. This study aimed to observe the effect of Ilex latifolia Thunb. polyphenols (ILTPs) on human lung cancer cell line A549 (A549 cells) by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. Methods In vitro cultured cells were treated with ILTPs; the proliferation of A549 cells and BEAS-2B human normal lung epithelial cells (Beas-2B cells) was observed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the survival status of A549 cells was observed by fluorescence staining. The expression of A549 cells was observed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay and Western blot analysis, while the compound composition of ILTPs was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The experimental results showed that the proliferation of Beas-2B cells was unaffected by treatment with 0–500 μg/mL of ILTPs, whereas the decreased proliferation of A549 cells was observed with the increasing concentrations of ILTPs. Additionally, ILTPs elevated the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted apoptosis in A549 cells. The results of qPCR experiments showed that ILTPs upregulated caspase-9 mRNA expression and downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in A549 cells. The Western blot analysis results also showed that ILTPs could reduce the protein expression of PI3K and Akt. The HPLC results showed that the main compounds present in the ILTPs were rutin, kaempferol, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C. Conclusions Thus, this study indicated that the polyphenols of I. latifolia act as a class of natural functional food materials that potently suppress cancer by exerting their inhibitory effects on A549 cell proliferation through five key polyphenolic compounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03568-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yesheng Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yanyan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Mengyu Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yue Wan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Dingyi Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Zhong Y, Wei J, Song W, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Liu H, Chen X, Huang X, Zeng K. Identification of novel biomarkers and key pathways of condyloma acuminata. Genomics 2022; 114:110303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abraham HG, Ulintz PJ, Goo L, Yates JA, Little AC, Bao L, Wu Z, Merajver SD. RhoC Modulates Cell Junctions and Type I Interferon Response in Aggressive Breast Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:712041. [PMID: 34513691 PMCID: PMC8428533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.712041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are the leading cause of death in cancer patients. RhoC, a member of the Rho GTPase family, has been shown to facilitate metastasis of aggressive breast cancer cells by influencing motility, invasion, and chemokine secretion, but as yet there is no integrated model of the precise mechanism of how RhoC promotes metastasis. A common phenotypic characteristic of metastatic cells influenced by these mechanisms is dysregulation of cell-cell junctions. Thus, we set out to study how RhoA- and RhoC-GTPase influence the cell-cell junctions in aggressive breast cancers. We demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of RhoC in SUM 149 and MDA 231 breast cancer cells results in increased normalization of junctional integrity denoted by junction protein expression/colocalization. In functional assessments of junction stability, RhoC knockout cells have increased barrier integrity and increased cell-cell adhesion compared to wild-type cells. Whole exome RNA sequencing and targeted gene expression profiling demonstrate decreased expression of Type I interferon-stimulated genes in RhoC knockout cells compared to wild-type, and subsequent treatment with interferon-alpha resulted in significant increases in adhesion and decreases in invasiveness of wild-type cells and a dampened response to interferon-alpha stimulation with respect to adhesion and invasiveness in RhoC knockout cells. We delineate a key role of RhoC-GTPase in modulation of junctions and response to interferon, which supports inhibition of RhoC as a potential anti-invasion therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sofia D. Merajver
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Youssef MI, Ma J, Chen Z, Hu WW. Potential therapeutic agents for ischemic white matter damage. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105116. [PMID: 34229025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic white matter damage (WMD) is increasingly being considered as one of the major causes of neurological disorders in older adults and preterm infants. The functional consequences of WMD triggers a progressive cognitive decline and dementia particularly in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Despite the major stride made in the pathogenesis mechanisms of ischemic WMD in the last century, effective medications are still not available. So, there is an urgent need to explore a promising approach to slow the progression or modify its pathological course. In this review, we discussed the animal models, the pathological mechanisms and the potential therapeutic agents for ischemic WMD. The development in the studies of anti-oxidants, free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory or anti-apoptotic agents and neurotrophic factors in ischemic WMD were summarized. The agents which either alleviate oligodendrocyte damage or promote its proliferation or differentiation may have potential value for the treatment of ischemic WMD. Moreover, drugs with multifaceted protective activities or a wide therapeutic window may be optimal for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China.
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
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11
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ROCK Inhibition as Potential Target for Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071648. [PMID: 34209333 PMCID: PMC8303917 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiovascular disease caused by extensive vascular remodeling in the lungs, which ultimately leads to death in consequence of right ventricle (RV) failure. While current drugs for PH therapy address the sustained vasoconstriction, no agent effectively targets vascular cell proliferation and tissue inflammation. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) emerged in the last few decades as promising targets for PH therapy, since ROCK inhibitors demonstrated significant anti-remodeling and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, current aspects of ROCK inhibition therapy are discussed in relation to the treatment of PH and RV dysfunction, from cell biology to preclinical and clinical studies.
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12
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Sayed EA, Badr G, Hassan KAH, Waly H, Ozdemir B, Mahmoud MH, Alamery S. Induction of liver fibrosis by CCl4 mediates pathological alterations in the spleen and lymph nodes: The potential therapeutic role of propolis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1272-1282. [PMID: 33613057 PMCID: PMC7878719 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In an animal models, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a carcinogenic agent that causes liver fibrosis. The current study aims to investigate whether induction in liver-fibrosis by CCl4 in the mouse model could promote the initiation of fibrosis in lymph node and spleen due to sustained increase of inflammatory signals and also aimed to clarify the protective therapeutic effects of propolis. The male mice (BALB/c) were categorized into three experimental sets and each group involved 15 mice. Control group falls into first group; group-II and group-III were injected with CCl4 to induce liver-fibrosis and oral supplementation with propolis was provided in group-III for 4-weeks. A major improvement with hepatic collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) production was aligned with the activation of liver fibrosis from CCl4. Mice treated with CCl4 exhibited collagen deposition towards liver sections, pathological alterations in spleen and lymph node architectures, and a significantly increase the circulation of both T&B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Mechanically, the secondary lymphoid organs treated with CCl4 in mice exposed a positive growth in α-SMA and collagen expression, increased in proinflammatory cytokine levels and a significant increase in TGF-β, NO and ROS levels. A manifest intensification in the expression of Nrf2, COX-2, and eNOS and upregulation of ASK1 and P38 phosphorylation. Interestingly, addition of propolis-treated CCl4 mice, substantially suppressed deposition of liver collagen, repealed inflammatory signals and resorted CCl4-mediated alterations in signaling cascades, thereby repairing the architectures of the secondary lymphoid organs. Our findings revealed benefits of propolis against fibrotic complications and enhancing secondary lymphoid organ architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan Waly
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Betul Ozdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Benedicenti O, Wang T, Morel E, Secombes CJ, Soleto I, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Type I Interferon Regulates the Survival and Functionality of B Cells in Rainbow Trout. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1494. [PMID: 32733485 PMCID: PMC7363951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) orchestrate antiviral responses in jawed vertebrates and can be classified into three types based on different aspects of their genomic organization, structure and receptors through which they signal and function. Generally, type I and type III IFNs include cytokines that directly induce an antiviral response, whereas type II IFNs are well-known for their immunomodulatory role during viral infections. In mammals, type I IFNs have been shown to also regulate many aspects of B cell development and differentiation. Yet, these functions have been only faintly investigated for teleost IFNs. Thus, in the current study, we have examined the effects of a model type I rainbow trout IFN molecule (IFNa) on blood naïve (IgM+IgD+) B cells, comparing them to those exerted by type II IFN (IFNγ). Our results demonstrate that IFNa increases the survival of naïve rainbow trout B cells, in the absence of lymphoproliferative effects, by rescuing them from spontaneous apoptosis. Additionally, IFNa increased the phagocytic capacity of blood IgM+IgD+ B cells and augmented the number of IgM-secreting cells in blood leukocyte cultures. IFNγ, on the other hand, had only minor effects up-regulating IgM secretion, whereas it increased the phagocytic capacity of IgM− cells in the cultures. Finally, given the recent identification of 9 mx genes in rainbow trout, we have also established which of these genes were transcriptionally regulated in blood naïve B cells in response to IFNa. This study points to a previously undescribed role for teleost type I IFNs in the regulation of B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Soleto
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Klarquist J, Cantrell R, Lehn MA, Lampe K, Hennies CM, Hoebe K, Janssen EM. Type I IFN Drives Experimental Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Distinct Mechanisms in CD4 T Cells and B Cells. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:140-152. [PMID: 32161059 PMCID: PMC7294741 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myriad studies have linked type I IFN to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although increased levels of type I IFN are found in patients with SLE, and IFN blockade ameliorates disease in many mouse models of lupus, its precise roles in driving SLE pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we dissected the effect of type I IFN sensing by CD4 T cells and B cells on the development of T follicular helper cells (TFH), germinal center (GC) B cells, plasmablasts, and antinuclear dsDNA IgG levels using the bm12 chronic graft-versus-host disease model of SLE-like disease. Type I IFN sensing by B cells decreased their threshold for BCR signaling and increased their expression of MHC class II, CD40, and Bcl-6, requirements for optimal GC B cell functions. In line with these data, ablation of type I IFN sensing in B cells significantly reduced the accumulation of GC B cells, plasmablasts, and autoantibodies. Ablation of type I IFN sensing in T cells significantly inhibited TFH expansion and subsequent B cell responses. In contrast to the effect in B cells, type I IFN did not promote proliferation in the T cells but protected them from NK cell-mediated killing. Consequently, ablation of either perforin or NK cells completely restored TFH expansion of IFNAR-/- TFH and, subsequently, restored the B cell responses. Together, our data provide evidence for novel roles of type I IFN and immunoregulatory NK cells in the context of sterile inflammation and SLE-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Klarquist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045;
| | - Rachel Cantrell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Maria A Lehn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Cassandra M Hennies
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Edith M Janssen
- Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA 19477
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15
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Badr G, Zahran AM, Omar HM, Barsoum MA, Mahmoud MH. Camel Whey Protein Disrupts the Cross-Talk Between PI3K and BCL-2 Signals and Mediates Apoptosis in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1040-1054. [PMID: 31017486 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1595054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the impact of camel whey protein (CWP) on the survival of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells that were isolated from 20 patients diagnosed with AML. We found that CWP induced apoptosis in the primary AML cells without affecting the normal PBMCs that were isolated from healthy individuals, as determined by PI/annexin V double staining followed by flow-cytometry analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these primary AML cells exhibited aberrant phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and STAT3. Treatment of AML cells with CWP mediated significant reduction in the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and STAT3. Additionally, we demonstrated that blockade of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by wortmannin (WM) impaired the expression of Bcl-2 and BclXL in the primary AML cells, suggesting an essential cross-talk between PI3K and Bcl-2 that maintains the survival of AML cells. In this context, treatment of AML cells with CWP disrupted the PI3K/Bcl-2 cross-talk; significantly downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2 and BclXL; markedly upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax; and subsequently sensitized tumor cells to growth arrest. Our data revealed the therapeutic potential of CWP and the underlying mechanisms against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,b Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,c King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Zahran
- d Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Hossam M Omar
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,e Laboratory of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Martina A Barsoum
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,b Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.,e Laboratory of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- f Deanship of Scientific Research , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,g Food Science and Nutrition Department , National Research Center , Cairo , Egypt
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16
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Suppression of CpG-ODN-mediated IFNα and TNFα response in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) by cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2)-specific agonists. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 369:82-89. [PMID: 30807757 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) compose 0.2-0.5% of circulating leukocytes but play a significant role in mounting host immune responses. Elevated and chronic activation of pDC are implicated in autoimmune disease like systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a well characterized cannabinoid with potent anti-inflammatory activity, but acceptance of THC as a treatment for autoimmune disorders has been hindered due to psychotropic activity. The psychotropic effects of THC are mediated through cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) expressed in the central nervous system while the immunomodulatory effects of THC result from THC binding to CB1 and CB2 on immune cells. Synthetic CB2-selective agonists have been developed to explore immune modulation by cannabinoids in the absence of psychotropic effects. The goal of these studies was to determine if the CB2-selective agonists, JWH-015 and JWH-133, have comparable efficacy to THC in modulating IFNα and TNFα responses by primary human pDC. Treatment with JWH-133 and JWH-015 inhibited CpG-induced IFNα and TNFα responses by pDC. Further, the phosphorylation of IRF7, TBK1, NFκB, and IKKγ, key events in pDC activation, were suppressed by THC, JWH-133, and JWH-015. Likewise, the phosphorylation of AKT at the S473 and T308 residues were differentially modulated by treatment with THC and both JWH compounds. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential for CB2 targeted therapeutics for treatment of inflammatory conditions involving aberrant pDC activity.
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17
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Abo El-Maali N, Badr G, Sayed D, Adam R, Abd El Wahab G. Enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis and growth arrest of human breast carcinoma cells treated with silica nanoparticles loaded with monohydroxy flavone compounds. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:513-525. [PMID: 30640511 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of drug-resistant cancer is a clinical challenge, hence screening for novel anticancer drugs is critically important. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor potential of three plant-derived flavone compounds: 3-hydroxy flavone (3-HF), 6-hydroxy flavone (6-HF), and 7-hydroxy flavone (7-HF), either alone or combined with silica nanoparticles (3-HF + NP, 6-HF + NP, and 7-HF + NP), on the human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as on non-tumorigenic normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10). The IC50 values of these flavone compounds loaded with NP (flavones + NP) in these cell lines were determined to be 1.5 μg/mL without affecting the viability of normal MCF-10 cells. Additionally, using annexin V - propidium iodide double-staining followed by flow cytometry analysis, we found that the combination of flavones with NP significantly induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Furthermore, flavones + NP increased the expression of cytochrome c and caspase-9, mediating the growth arrest of these cancer cells. Most importantly, the combination of flavones with NP significantly abolished the expression of ATF-3, which is responsible for the proliferation and invasion of bone-metastatic breast cancer cells. Our data revealed the potential therapeutic effects of these flavones in fighting breast cancer cells, and provide the first insights concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Abo El-Maali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.,Multidisciplinary Research Centre of Excellence, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Douaa Sayed
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Randa Adam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abd El Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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18
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Farahnak S, Chronopoulos J, Martin JG. Nucleic Acid Sensing in Allergic Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 345:1-33. [PMID: 30904191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances indicate that there is crosstalk between allergic disorders and nucleic acid sensing. Triggers that activate inflammatory mechanisms via nucleic acid sensors affect both allergic phenotypes and anti-viral responses, depending on the timing and the order of exposure. Viral respiratory infections, such as those caused by the rhinovirus, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus, are the most frequent cause of significant asthma exacerbations through effects mediated predominantly by TLR3. However, agonists of other nucleic acid sensors, such as TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists, may inhibit allergic inflammation and reduce clinical manifestations of disease. The allergic state can predispose the immune system to both exaggerated responses to viral infections or protection from anti-viral inflammatory responses. TH2 cytokines appear to alter the epithelium, leading to defective viral clearance or exaggerated responses to viral infections. However, a TH2 skewed allergic response may be protective against a TH1-dependent inflammatory anti-viral response. This review briefly introduces the receptors involved in nucleic acid sensing, addresses mechanisms by which nucleic acid sensing and allergic responses can counteract one another, and discusses the strategies in experimental settings, both in animal and human studies, to harness the nucleic acid sensing machinery for the intervention of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Farahnak
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Chronopoulos
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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19
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Hozzein WN, Badr G, Badr BM, Allam A, Ghamdi AA, Al-Wadaan MA, Al-Waili NS. Bee venom improves diabetic wound healing by protecting functional macrophages from apoptosis and enhancing Nrf2, Ang-1 and Tie-2 signaling. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:322-335. [PMID: 30366166 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a serious complication of diabetes that negatively affects the patient's socioeconomic life. Multiple mechanisms contribute to impaired diabetic wound healing including deficient recruitment of wound macrophages/neutrophils and impaired neovascularization. Bee venom (BV) has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of several diseases. Nevertheless, the impacts of BV on the diabetic wound healing have been poorly studied. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying BV treatment on diabetic wound healing in a type I diabetic mouse model. Three experimental groups were used: group 1, non-diabetic control mice; group 2, vehicle-diabetic mice; and group 3, BV-treated diabetic mice. We found that the diabetic mice exhibited impaired wound closure characterized by a significant decrease in collagen and β-defensin-2 (BD-2) expression compared to control non-diabetic mice. The impairment of diabetic wound healing is attributed to increased ROS levels and abolished antioxidant enzymes activity in the wounded tissues. Additionally, wounded tissue in diabetic mice revealed aberrantly decreased levels of Ang-1 and Nrf2 (the agonist ligands of Tie-2) followed by a marked reduction in the phosphorylation of Tie2 and downstream signaling eNOS, AKT and ERK. Impaired diabetic wound healing was also characterized by a significant reduction in activities of total antioxidant enzymes followed by a marked reduction in the levels of CCL2, CCL3 and CXCL2; which led to impaired recruitment and functions of wound macrophages/neutrophils; and significant reduction in the expression of CD31, a marker for neovascularization and angiogenesis of the injured tissue. Interestingly, BV treatment significantly enhanced wound closure in diabetic mice by increasing collagen and BD-2 expression and restoring the levels of Ang-1 and Nrf2 and hence enhancing the Tie-2 downstream signaling. Most importantly, treatment of diabetic mice with BV significantly restored the activities of wounded tissue antioxidant enzymes and the levels of chemokines, and subsequently rescued wound macrophages from mitochondrial membrane potential-induced apoptosis. Our findings reveal the immune-enhancing effects of BV for improving healing process of diabetic wounds and provide the first insight concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Badr M Badr
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Al Ghamdi
- Chair of Engineer Abdullah Baqshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Badr G, Ramadan NK, Abdel-Tawab HS, Ahmed SF, Mahmoud MH. Camel whey protein protects lymphocytes from apoptosis via the PI3K–AKT, NF-κB, ATF-3, and HSP-70 signaling pathways in heat-stressed male mice. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:407-416. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is an environmental factor that depresses the immune systems that mediate dysfunctional immune cells. Camel whey protein (CWP) can scavenge free radicals and enhance immunity. This study investigated the impact of dietary supplementation with CWP on immune dysfunction induced by exposure to HS. Male mice (n = 45) were distributed among 3 groups: control group; HS group; and HS mice that were orally administered CWP (HS + CWP group). The HS group exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) as well as a significant reduction in the IL-2 and IL-4 levels. Exposure to HS resulted in impaired phosphorylation of AKT and IκB-α (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha); increased expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70); and aberrant distribution of CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells in the thymus and spleen. Interestingly, HS mice treated with CWP presented significantly restored levels of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines near the levels observed in the control mice. Furthermore, supplementation of HS mice with CWP enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT and IκB-α; attenuated the expression of ATF-3, HSP70, and HSP90; and improved T and B cell distributions in the thymus and spleen. Our findings reveal a potential immunomodulatory effect of CWP in attenuating immune dysfunction induced by exposure to thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nancy K. Ramadan
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Samia F. Ahmed
- Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Curcumin analogue 1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one mediates growth arrest and apoptosis by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PKC-theta signaling pathways in human breast carcinoma cells. Bioorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Badr G, Abdel-Tawab HS, Ramadan NK, Ahmed SF, Mahmoud MH. Protective effects of camel whey protein against scrotal heat-mediated damage and infertility in the mouse testis through YAP/Nrf2 and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:505-518. [PMID: 29683243 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of scrotal temperature is one of the most important causes of impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility, but the exact mechanism remains controversial. The present study investigated the impact of camel whey protein (CWP) on the mechanisms of heat stress (HS)-mediated testicular damage in male mice. Exposure to HS was associated with significant increase in the testicular tissues' oxidative stress. Mechanistically, exposure to HS resulted in upregulation of P53 and Nrf2 expressions; downregulation of Bcl2 and PPAR-γ expressions; and induction of testicular Leydig cell hyperplasia. Because Leydig cells produce testosterone up on stimulation with Luteinizing hormone (LH), HS mice also exhibited significant reduction in the serum testosterone levels followed by significant reduction in the percentages of progressively motile sperm and higher percentages of immotile sperm, when compared with those of control mice. Interestingly, treatment of HS mice with CWP significantly restored the levels of ROS and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the testicular tissues nearly to those observed in control mice. Furthermore, CWP supplemented HS mice exhibited complete restoration of Bcl2, P53, Nrf2, and PPAR-γ expressions; testicular Leydig cell distribution; significant higher levels of testosterone levels; and hence higher percentages of progressively motile sperm and lower percentages of immotile sperm as compared to HS mice. Our findings reveal the protective effects of CWP against testis injury and infertility induced by exposure to HS by rescuing functional Leydig cells. Additionally, the present study has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying improved testicular damage following CWP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Nancy K Ramadan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samia F Ahmed
- Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Type I interferons promote the survival and proinflammatory properties of transitional B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:367-379. [PMID: 29563616 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the breaking of B-cell tolerance with the generation of high-affinity autoantibodies; however, the antibody-independent features of the B-cell compartment in SLE are less understood. In this study, we performed an extensive examination of B-cell subsets and their proinflammatory properties in a Chinese cohort of new-onset SLE patients. We observed that SLE patients exhibited an increased frequency of transitional B cells compared with healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Plasma from SLE patients potently promoted the survival of transitional B cells in a type I IFN-dependent manner, which can be recapitulated by direct IFN-α treatment. Furthermore, the effect of IFN-α on enhanced survival of transitional B cells was associated with NF-κB pathway activation and reduced expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bax. Transitional B cells from SLE patients harbored a higher capacity to produce proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, which was also linked to the overactivated type I IFN pathway. In addition, the frequency of IL-6-producing transitional B cells was positively correlated with disease activity in SLE patients, and these cells were significantly reduced after short-term standard therapies. Thus, the current study provides a direct link between type I IFN pathway overactivation and the abnormally high frequency and proinflammatory properties of transitional B cells in active SLE patients, which contributes to the understanding of the roles of type I IFNs and B cells in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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24
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Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are dynamic microenvironments that form in the secondary lymphoid organs and generate somatically mutated high-affinity antibodies necessary to establish an effective humoral immune response. Tight regulation of GC responses is critical for maintaining self-tolerance. GCs can arise in the absence of purposeful immunization or overt infection (called spontaneous GCs, Spt-GCs). In autoimmune-prone mice and patients with autoimmune disease, aberrant regulation of Spt-GCs is thought to promote the development of somatically mutated pathogenic autoantibodies and the subsequent development of autoimmunity. The mechanisms that control the formation of Spt-GCs and promote systemic autoimmune diseases remain an open question and the focus of ongoing studies. Here, we discuss the most current studies on the role of Spt-GCs in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P Domeier
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
| | - Stephanie L Schell
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine , USA
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25
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Psarras A, Emery P, Vital EM. Type I interferon-mediated autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and targeted therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1662-1675. [PMID: 28122959 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a group of molecules with pleiotropic effects on the immune system forming a crucial link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Apart from their important role in antiviral immunity, IFN-Is are increasingly recognized as key players in autoimmune CTDs such as SLE. Novel therapies that target IFN-I appear effective in SLE in early trials, but effectiveness is related to the presence of IFN-I biomarkers. IFN-I biomarkers may also act as positive or negative predictors of response to other biologics. Despite the high failure rate of clinical trials in SLE, subgroups of patients often respond better. Fully optimizing the potential of these agents is therefore likely to require stratification of patients using IFN-I and other biomarkers. This suggests the unified concept of type I IFN-mediated autoimmune diseases as a grouping including patients with a variety of different traditional diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Psarras
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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26
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Sayed LH, Badr G, Omar HM, Abd El-Rahim AM, Mahmoud MH. Camel whey protein improves oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in lymphoid organs through Bcl-XL/Bax expression in a streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:542-552. [PMID: 28129627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes (T1D) is a characterized by the inflammation of pancreatic islets and destruction of β cells. Long and persistent uncontrolled diabetes tends to degenerate the immune system and increase the incidence of infections in diabetic individuals. Most serious diabetic complications are mediated by the free radicals, which damage multiple cellular components through direct effects of the cell cycle regulatory proteins. Camel whey protein (CWP) has antioxidant activity and decreases the effects of free radicals. However, the effects of CWP on lymphoid organs have not been studied in the context of diabetes. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the dietary influence of CWP supplementation on the lymphoid organs in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model. Three experimental groups were used: non diabetic control mice, diabetic mice, and diabetic mice treated with CWP. Induction of diabetes was associated with a marked reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels; decreased activities of GSH peroxidase (GSH Px), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase; increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and iNOS activity in plasma and lymphoid organs. Furthermore, diabetic mice exhibited alterations in the expression of Bax and Bcl-XL, and subsequently pathological alterations in the architecture of the bone marrow, pancreas, thymus, and spleen. Interestingly, treatment of diabetic mice with CWP robustly restored glucose, insulin, GSH, and ROS levels and the activities of GSH Px, MnSOD, catalase and iNOS. Additionally, supplementation of diabetic mice with CWP improvement in the architecture of lymphoid tissues and rescued from apoptosis through direct effects on the Bax and Bcl-XL proteins. These data revealed the therapeutic potential of CWP against diabetic complications mediated damages of lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hossam M Omar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ali M Abd El-Rahim
- Dairy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Food Science and Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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27
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Mahmoud MH, Badr G, El Shinnawy NA. Camel whey protein improves lymphocyte function and protects against diabetes in the offspring of diabetic mouse dams. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:632-646. [PMID: 27694615 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016671729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of health problems in the offspring of pregnant diabetic mothers has recently been verified. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the influence of dietary camel whey protein (CWP), administered as a supplement to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic pregnant mice, on the efficiency of the immune system of the offspring. Three groups of female mice (n = 10) were used: non-diabetic control mice, diabetic mice, and diabetic mice orally administered CWP during the pregnancy and lactation periods. We then tested the immune response of B and T cells in adult male offspring (n = 15 in each group) by using flow cytometry, western blotting, and ELISAs. Our data demonstrated that the offspring of diabetic dams exhibited several postpartum complications, such as significant aberrant overexpression of activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3), significant elevation of the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), marked decreases in the plasma levels of IL-2 and IL-7, significant inhibition of CCL21- and CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis of B- and T-lymphocytes, and a marked decrease in the proliferative capacity of antigen-stimulated B- and T-lymphocytes. Interestingly, administration of CWP to diabetic dams substantially restored the expression of ATF-3 and the levels of ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-2, and IL-7 in the offspring. Furthermore, the chemotaxis of B- and T-lymphocytes toward CCL21 and CXCL12 and the proliferative capacities of these lymphocytes were restored in the male offspring of diabetic mice administered CWP. Our data provide evidence of a protective role of CWP in decreasing the tendency of the offspring of diabetic mothers to develop diabetes and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Food Science and Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt .,Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nashwa A El Shinnawy
- Zoology Department, Women's College for Science, Arts and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Chang NH, Li TT, Kim JJ, Landolt-Marticorena C, Fortin PR, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Wither JE. Interferon-α induces altered transitional B cell signaling and function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2015; 58:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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29
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Zhang Y, Lu H, Xu G. [Effect of PI3K/AKT pathway on cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2014; 17:635-42. [PMID: 25130971 PMCID: PMC6000368 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.08.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT pathway in non-small cell lung cancer plays a vital role in tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis, and survival including drug resistance. Cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy are in widespread clinical use in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, however, the development of cisplatin resistance significantly impedes its clinic efficacy. Cisplatin resistance is a complicated process that various mechanisms participating in to interact, of which PI3K/AKT pathway keeping sustained activated is one of the most important reasons. This article reviewed the progress of research on the relationship between PI3K/AKT pathway and cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Departmen of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - Hongling Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Departmen of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563099, China
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30
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Loss of calreticulin function decreases NFκB activity by stabilizing IκB protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2385-93. [PMID: 24998604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor NFκB is activated by several processes including inflammation, endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress, increase in Akt signaling and enhanced proteasomal degradation. Calreticulin (CRT) is an ER Ca(2+)-binding chaperone that regulates many cellular processes. Gene-targeted deletion of CRT has been shown to induce ER stress that is accompanied with a significant increase in the proteasome activity. Loss of CRT function increases the resistance of CRT-deficient (crt-/-) cells to UV- and drug-induced apoptosis. Based on these reports we hypothesized that loss of CRT will activate NFκB signaling thus contributing to enhanced resistance to apoptosis. In contrast to our hypothesis, we observed a significant decrease in the basal transcriptional activity of NFκB in CRT-deficient cells. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide failed to increase the transcriptional activity of NFκB in the crt-/- cells to the same level as in the wt cells. Our data illustrate that the mechanism of decreased NFκB activity in CRT-deficient cells is mediated by a significant increase in IκB protein expression. Furthermore, we showed a significant increase in protein phosphatase 2A activity inhibition which resulted in decreased IκBα protein level in CRT-deficient cells. Based on our data we concluded that loss of CRT increases the stability of IκB protein thus reducing NFκB activity.
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31
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Catalpol promotes oligodendrocyte survival and oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation via the Akt signaling pathway in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res 2014; 1560:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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32
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Wei P, Zhang H, Liu C. Inhibition of PI3Kδ Improves Systemic Lupus in Mice. Inflammation 2014; 37:978-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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33
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Brenu EW, Huth TK, Hardcastle SL, Fuller K, Kaur M, Johnston S, Ramos SB, Staines DR, Marshall-Gradisnik SM. Role of adaptive and innate immune cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. Int Immunol 2013; 26:233-42. [PMID: 24343819 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxt068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in immune processes are a hallmark of a number of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is an inflammatory disorder with possible autoimmune correlates, characterized by reduced NK cell activity, elevations in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dysregulation in cytokine levels. The purpose of this article is to examine innate and adaptive immune cell phenotypes and functional characteristics that have not been previously examined in CFS/ME patients. Thirty patients with CFS/ME and 25 non-fatigued controls were recruited for this study. Whole blood samples were collected from all participants for the assessment of cell phenotypes, functional properties, receptors, adhesion molecules, antigens and intracellular proteins using flow cytometric protocols. The cells investigated included NK cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, T cells, γδT cells and Tregs. Significant changes were observed in B-cell subsets, Tregs, CD4(+)CD73(+)CD39(+) T cells, cytotoxic activity, granzyme B, neutrophil antigens, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the CFS/ME patients in comparison with the non-fatigued controls. Alterations in B cells, Tregs, NK cells and neutrophils suggest significant impairments in immune regulation in CFS/ME and these may have similarities to a number of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekua Weba Brenu
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
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34
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Ahlén G, Frelin L, Brenndörfer ED, Brass A, Weiland O, Chen M, Sällberg M. Containing "The Great Houdini" of viruses: combining direct acting antivirals with the host immune response for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Drug Resist Updat 2013; 16:60-7. [PMID: 23911647 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Presently the development of new therapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is rapidly moving forward. Almost every week new data appear on how direct acting antivirals (DAAs) succeed or fail in clinical trials. Despite the potency of many of the DAA combinations, the effect exerted by ribavirin (RBV) is still needed for an effective therapy in many new DAA combinations. Due to the strong antiviral effect of DAAs, it is likely that a major complementary therapeutic effect exerted by RBV is immune modulation resulting in an increased barrier to development of resistance. For HCV genotype 1a infections elimination of pegylated interferon, is not possible in many DAA combinations without jeopardizing the results. The host immune response is thus likely to play a key role even during DAA-based therapies. Hence, T cells may recognize and eliminate viral variants with resistance to the DAAs. We herein show several examples where this may be the case, supporting the rationale of including the host response also in the new therapeutic regimens. This review will describe the potential benefits of combining various DAAs with means to activate the specific immune response against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Ahlén
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, F68, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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35
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Interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis: the short-term and long-term effects on the patients' individual gene expression in peripheral blood. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:737-56. [PMID: 23636981 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Therapy with interferon-beta (IFN-beta) is a mainstay in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), with proven long-term effectiveness and safety. Much has been learned about the molecular mechanisms of action of IFN-beta in the past years. Previous studies described more than a hundred genes to be modulated in expression in blood cells in response to the therapy. However, for many of these genes, the precise temporal expression pattern and the therapeutic relevance are unclear. We used Affymetrix microarrays to investigate in more detail the gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients receiving subcutaneous IFN-beta-1a. The blood samples were obtained longitudinally at five different time points up to 2 years after the start of therapy, and the patients were clinically followed up for 5 years. We examined the functions of the genes that were upregulated or downregulated at the transcript level after short-term or long-term treatment. Moreover, we analyzed their mutual interactions and their regulation by transcription factors. Compared to pretreatment levels, 96 genes were identified as highly differentially expressed, many of them already after the first IFN-beta injection. The interactions between these genes form a large network with multiple feedback loops, indicating the complex crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses during therapy. We discuss the genes and biological processes that might be important to reduce disease activity by attenuating the proliferation of autoreactive immune cells and their migration into the central nervous system. In summary, we present novel insights that extend the current knowledge on the early and late pharmacodynamic effects of IFN-beta therapy and describe gene expression differences between the individual patients that reflect clinical heterogeneity.
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36
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Sthoeger Z, Zinger H, Sharabi A, Asher I, Mozes E. The tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1, down-regulates the expression of interferon-α in murine and human systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60394. [PMID: 23555966 PMCID: PMC3610660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1, ameliorated manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) via the immunomodulation of pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines and the induction of regulatory T cells. Because type I interferon (IFN-α) has been implicated to play a role in SLE pathogenesis, we investigated the effects of hCDR1 on IFN-α in a murine model of SLE and in human lupus. METHODOLOGY PRINCIPAL FINDINGS (NZBxNZW)F1 mice with established SLE were treated with hCDR1 (10 weekly injections). Splenocytes were obtained for gene expression studies by real-time RT-PCR. hCDR1 down-regulated significantly IFN-α gene expression (73% inhibition compared to vehicle treated mice, p = 0.002) in association with diminished clinical manifestations. Further, hCDR1 reduced, in vitro, IFN-α gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 10 lupus patients (74% inhibition compared to medium, p = 0.002) but had no significant effects on the expression levels of IFN-α in PBMC of primary anti-phospholipid syndrome patients or of healthy controls. Lupus patients were treated for 24 weeks with hCDR1 (5) or placebo (4) by weekly subcutaneous injections. Blood samples collected, before and after treatment, were frozen until mRNA isolation. A significant reduction in IFN-α was determined in hCDR1 treated patients (64.4% inhibition compared to pretreatment expression levels, p = 0.015). No inhibition was observed in the placebo treated patients. In agreement, treatment with hCDR1 resulted in a significant decrease of disease activity. IFN-α appears to play a role in the mechanism of action of hCDR1 since recombinant IFN-α diminished the immunomodulating effects of hCDR1 on IL-1β, TGFβ and FoxP3 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS SIGNIFICANCE We reported previously that hCDR1 affected various cell types and immune pathways in correlation to disease amelioration. The present studies demonstrate that hCDR1 is also capable of down-regulating significantly (and specifically to lupus) IFN-α gene expression. Thus, hCDR1 has a potential role as a novel, disease specific treatment for lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zev Sthoeger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine B and Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (ZS); (EM)
| | - Heidy Zinger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilan Asher
- Department of Internal Medicine B and Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edna Mozes
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (ZS); (EM)
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37
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Blocking type I interferon signaling rescues lymphocytes from oxidative stress, exhaustion, and apoptosis in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of type I diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:148725. [PMID: 23533683 PMCID: PMC3606800 DOI: 10.1155/2013/148725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of type I interferon (IFN) during type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are associated with a defective immune response. In the present study, we investigated whether blocking type I IFN signaling during streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced T1D in mice improves lymphocyte proliferation and escape from continuous apoptosis. Three groups of mice were examined: diabetic mice, type I IFN signaling-incompetent diabetic mice, and control nondiabetic mice. We first found that diabetes induction was accompanied by an elevation in the plasma levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde (MDN), and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL10. Blocking type 1 IFN signaling in diabetic mice significantly decreased the levels of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, lymphocytes from diabetic mice exhibited a marked reduction in their proliferative capacity, increased apoptosis, upregulation of the exhaustion marker PD-1, and aberrant phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT2, AKT and IκB-α. Interestingly, following the blocking of type I IFN signaling in diabetic mice, the lymphocytes exhibited restored proliferative capacity, decreased apoptosis, normal expression of PD-1, and normal phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT2, AKT and IκB-α. Our data suggest that elevated levels of type I IFN during T1D trigger lymphocyte exhaustion and a defective lymphocyte-medicated immune response.
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38
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Ludigs K, Parfenov V, Du Pasquier RA, Guarda G. Type I IFN-mediated regulation of IL-1 production in inflammatory disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3395-418. [PMID: 22527721 PMCID: PMC11115130 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although contributing to inflammatory responses and to the development of certain autoimmune pathologies, type I interferons (IFNs) are used for the treatment of viral, malignant, and even inflammatory diseases. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a strongly pyrogenic cytokine and its importance in the development of several inflammatory diseases is clearly established. While the therapeutic use of IL-1 blocking agents is particularly successful in the treatment of innate-driven inflammatory disorders, IFN treatment has mostly been appreciated in the management of multiple sclerosis. Interestingly, type I IFNs exert multifaceted immunomodulatory effects, including the reduction of IL-1 production, an outcome that could contribute to its efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on IL-1 and IFN effects in different inflammatory disorders, the influence of IFNs on IL-1 production, and discuss possible therapeutic avenues based on these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ludigs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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de Weerd NA, Nguyen T. The interferons and their receptors--distribution and regulation. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:483-91. [PMID: 22410872 PMCID: PMC7165917 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interferons (IFNs) were originally described over 50 years ago, identified by their ability to confer viral resistance to cells. We now know that they are much more than just anti-viral cytokines collectively having roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses, in tumor surveillance and defense, and modulation of immune cell function. Three types of IFN have now been described, simply referred to as type I, II and III. Distinguishable by the unique receptors that they rely on for signal transduction, the three types of IFN have specific and varied roles in the maintenance of human health and defense against pathogens. In mounting an IFN-mediated immune response, the human body has developed the ability to regulate IFN-mediated signal transduction. Like all cytokines, the ability of a cell to respond to IFN is completely dependent on the presence of its cognate receptor on the surface of the target cell. Thus, one of the major mechanisms used by the human body to regulate the strength and duration of the IFN response is through regulation of receptor levels, thereby altering the cytokine-specific responsiveness of the target cell. This review will discuss the receptor system utilized by the type I IFNs and compare it with that of the type II and III IFNs, which also regulate immune responses through controlling receptor level on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A de Weerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Kiefer K, Oropallo MA, Cancro MP, Marshak-Rothstein A. Role of type I interferons in the activation of autoreactive B cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:498-504. [PMID: 22430248 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines involved in the defense against viral infections that play a key role in the activation of both the innate and adaptive immune system. IFNs both directly and indirectly enhance the capacity of B lymphocytes to respond to viral challenge and produce cytotoxic and neutralizing antibodies. However, prolonged type I IFN exposure is not always beneficial to the host. If not regulated properly IFN can drive autoantibody production as well as other parameters of systemic autoimmune disease. Type I IFNs impact B-cell function through a variety of mechanisms, including effects on receptor engagement, Toll-like receptor expression, cell migration, antigen presentation, cytokine responsiveness, cytokine production, survival, differentiation and class-switch recombination. Type I IFNs are also cytotoxic for a variety of cell types and thereby contribute to the accumulation of cell debris that serves as a potential source for autoantigens. Type I IFN engagement of a variety of accessory cells further promotes B-cell survival and activation, as exemplified by the capacity of type I IFNs to increase the level of B-cell survival factors, such as B lymphocyte stimulator, produced by dendritic cells. Therefore, it is not surprising that the loss of expression of the type I IFN receptor can have dramatic effects on the production of autoantibodies and on the clinical features of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kiefer
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Badr G, Garraud O, Daghestani M, Al-Khalifa MS, Richard Y. Human breast carcinoma cells are induced to apoptosis by samsum ant venom through an IGF-1-dependant pathway, PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling. Cell Immunol 2011; 273:10-6. [PMID: 22218396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the anti-tumor potential of samsum ant venom (SAV) from Pachycondyla sennaarensis on the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. We found that SAV induced growth arrest of MCF-7 cells without affecting the viability of MCF-10 (non-tumorigenic normal breast epithelial cells) and normal PBMCs. We then analyzed its impact on IGF-1-mediated MCF-7 cell proliferation and its effect on the underlying IGF-1 signaling pathways. Using flow cytometry analysis, we showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells was fourfold higher in SAV-treated cells as compared to untreated cells. More importantly, treatment with SAV induced a marked reduction in actin polymerization and a subsequent marked reduction in IGF-1-mediated cell proliferation. In addition to growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects, significant reductions were also observed in the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, but not p38MAPK, in SAV-treated cells as compared to untreated cells. Our data reveal unique anti-tumor effects of samsum ant venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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42
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Kasturi SP, Skountzou I, Albrecht RA, Koutsonanos D, Hua T, Nakaya H, Ravindran R, Stewart S, Alam M, Kwissa M, Villinger F, Murthy N, Steel J, Jacob J, Hogan RJ, García-Sastre A, Compans R, Pulendran B. Programming the magnitude and persistence of antibody responses with innate immunity. Nature 2011; 470:543-7. [PMID: 21350488 PMCID: PMC3057367 DOI: 10.1038/nature09737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many successful vaccines induce persistent antibody responses that can last a lifetime. The mechanisms by which they do so remain unclear, but emerging evidence indicates that they activate dendritic cells via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). For example, the yellow fever vaccine YF-17D, one of the most successful empiric vaccines ever developed, activates dendritic cells via multiple TLRs to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines. Triggering specific combinations of TLRs in dendritic cells can induce synergistic production of cytokines, which results in enhanced T-cell responses, but its impact on antibody responses remain unknown. Learning the critical parameters of innate immunity that program such antibody responses remains a major challenge in vaccinology. Here we demonstrate that immunization of mice with synthetic nanoparticles containing antigens plus ligands that signal through TLR4 and TLR7 induces synergistic increases in antigen-specific, neutralizing antibodies compared to immunization with nanoparticles containing antigens plus a single TLR ligand. Consistent with this there was enhanced persistence of germinal centres and of plasma-cell responses, which persisted in the lymph nodes for >1.5 years. Surprisingly, there was no enhancement of the early short-lived plasma-cell response relative to that observed with single TLR ligands. Molecular profiling of activated B cells, isolated 7 days after immunization, indicated that there was early programming towards B-cell memory. Antibody responses were dependent on direct triggering of both TLRs on B cells and dendritic cells, as well as on T-cell help. Immunization protected completely against lethal avian and swine influenza virus strains in mice, and induced robust immunity against pandemic H1N1 influenza in rhesus macaques.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Lactic Acid
- Ligands
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macaca mulatta/immunology
- Macaca mulatta/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Plasma Cells/cytology
- Plasma Cells/immunology
- Plasma Cells/metabolism
- Polyglycolic Acid
- Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Randy A. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Tang Hua
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Helder Nakaya
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Rajesh Ravindran
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Shelley Stewart
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Marcin Kwissa
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Francois Villinger
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Niren Murthy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
| | - John Steel
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joshy Jacob
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Richard Compans
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Badr G, Waly H, Saad Eldien HM, Abdel-Tawab H, Hassan K, Alhazza IM, Ebaid H, Alwasel SH. Blocking Type I Interferon (IFN) Signaling Impairs Antigen Responsiveness of Circulating Lymphocytes and Alters Their Homing to Lymphoid Organs: Protective Role of Type I IFN. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 26:1029-40. [DOI: 10.1159/000323978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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44
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Zhang N, Liang J, Tian Y, Yuan L, Wu L, Miao S, Zong S, Wang L. A novel testis-specific GTPase serves as a link to proteasome biogenesis: functional characterization of RhoS/RSA-14-44 in spermatogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:4312-24. [PMID: 20980621 PMCID: PMC3002385 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-04-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We functionally characterized RhoS/RSA-14-44 as a new member of Rho GTPase subfamily in spermatogenesis, which provides a direct link between Rho family GTPase and the proteasome biogenesis. Most Rho family GTPases serve as key molecular switches in a wide spectrum of biological processes. An increasing number of studies have expanded their roles to the spermatogenesis. Several members of Rho family have been confirmed to be essential for mammalian spermatogenesis, but the precise roles of this family in male reproduction have not been well studied yet. Here we report a surprising function of an atypical and testis-specific Rho GTPase, RSA-14-44 in spermatogenesis. Featured by unique structural and expressional patterns, RSA-14-44 is distinguished from three canonical members of Rho cluster. Thus, we define RSA-14-44 as a new member of Rho GTPases family and rename it RhoS (Rho in spermatogenic cells). RhoS associates with PSMB5, a catalytic subunit of the proteasome, in a series of stage-specific spermatogenic cells. More importantly, RhoS does not directly modulate the cellular proteasome activity, but participates in regulating the stability of “unincorporated” PSMB5 precursors. Meanwhile, our data demonstrate that the activation of RhoS is prerequisite for negatively regulating the stability of PSMB5 precursors. Therefore, our finding uncovers a direct and functional connection between the Rho GTPase family and the pathway of proteasome biogenesis and provide new clues for deciphering the secrets of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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45
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Seo YJ, Hahm B. Type I interferon modulates the battle of host immune system against viruses. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2010; 73:83-101. [PMID: 20800760 PMCID: PMC7112037 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(10)73004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN), as its name implies, 'interferes' with virus replication by activating numerous genes. Further, virus-induced type I IFN regulates the magnitude and functions of cells directing the host immune system. Importantly, recent exploration into how type I IFN operates following virus infection has advanced our understanding of its role with respect to modulation of host innate and adaptive immune responses. Such activities include the activation of antigen-presenting dendritic cells and the localization, expansion or differentiation of virus-specific T lymphocytes and antibody-producing B lymphocytes. However, type I IFN not only benefits the host but can also induce unnecessary or extremely pathogenic immune responses. This review focuses on such interactions and the manner in which type I IFN induces dynamic changes in the host immune network, particularly adaptive immune responses to viral invasion. Manipulating the type I IFN-mediated host immune response during virus infections could provide new immunotherapeutic interventions to remedy viral diseases and implement more effective and sustainable type I IFN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Surgery, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Virology Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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