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Enhanced mucosal immune responses and reduced viral load in the respiratory tract of ferrets to intranasal lipid nanoparticle-based SARS-CoV-2 proteins and mRNA vaccines. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 36814238 PMCID: PMC9944789 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike the injectable vaccines, intranasal lipid nanoparticle (NP)-based adjuvanted vaccine is promising to protect against local infection and viral transmission. Infection of ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 results in typical respiratory disease and pathology akin to in humans, suggesting that the ferret model may be ideal for intranasal vaccine studies. RESULTS We developed SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine containing both Spike receptor binding domain (S-RBD) and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins (NP-COVID-Proteins) or their mRNA (NP-COVID-mRNA) and NP-monosodium urate adjuvant. Both the candidate vaccines in intranasal vaccinated aged ferrets substantially reduced the replicating virus in the entire respiratory tract. Specifically, the NP-COVID-Proteins vaccine did relatively better in clearing the virus from the nasal passage early post challenge infection. The immune gene expression in NP-COVID-Proteins vaccinates indicated increased levels of mRNA of IFNα, MCP1 and IL-4 in lungs and nasal turbinates, and IFNγ and IL-2 in lungs; while proinflammatory mediators IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA levels in lungs were downregulated. In NP-COVID-Proteins vaccinated ferrets S-RBD and N protein specific IgG antibodies in the serum were substantially increased at both day post challenge (DPC) 7 and DPC 14, while the virus neutralizing antibody titers were relatively better induced by mRNA versus the proteins-based vaccine. In conclusion, intranasal NP-COVID-Proteins vaccine induced balanced Th1 and Th2 immune responses in the respiratory tract, while NP-COVID-mRNA vaccine primarily elicited antibody responses. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal NP-COVID-Proteins vaccine may be an ideal candidate to elicit increased breadth of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Grassi T, Lobreglio G, Panico A, Rosato C, Zizza A, Lazzari R, Chicone M, Indino F, Bagordo F. Kinetics of Humoral Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers after the Third Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111948. [PMID: 36423043 PMCID: PMC9696835 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines is compromised due to waning immunity over time. This study aimed to assess the level of antibodies anti-S-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of healthcare workers before and, on average, one and four months after the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. The determination of antibodies was carried out in serum samples using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). All 34 participants (10 males, 24 females, 19 participants <50 years old, 15 participants ≥50 years old) showed a significant antibody level increase after the booster dose. Subsequently, a significant decrease in the antibody concentration was observed, with a reduction of about 60% after 150 days from the booster. Six subjects were infected by SARS-CoV-2 after the booster and showed a significantly higher antibody concentration on average four months after the third dose compared to naïve ones. Male and female participants had a similar trend in the antibody decline, while older subjects, compared to the younger ones, had a slightly slower decrease, even if they developed a lower level of antibodies after the third dose. These findings support the importance of the booster dose and underline the need for surveillance programs to better understand the antibody kinetics and optimize vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giambattista Lobreglio
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Chiara Rosato
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Roberta Lazzari
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Chicone
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Floriano Indino
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
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Cowgill KD, Erosheva EA, Elder A, Miljacic L, Buskin S, Duchin JS. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in King County, WA—Cross-sectional survey, August 2020. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272783. [PMID: 35994500 PMCID: PMC9394797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a seroprevalence survey to estimate the true number of infections with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in King County as of August 2020 by measuring the proportion of residents from who had antibodies against the virus. Participants from 727 households took part in a cross-sectional address-based household survey with random and non-random samples and provided dried blood spots that were tested for total antibody against the viral nucleocapsid protein, with confirmatory testing for immunoglobulin G against the spike protein. The data were weighted to match King County’s population based on sex, age group, income, race, and Hispanic status. After weighting and accounting for the accuracy of the tests, our best overall estimate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in King County as of August 2020 is 3.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4%-6.0%) with an effective sample size of 589. Comparing seroprevalence with positive test reports, our survey suggests that viral testing underestimated incidence by a factor of about five and suggests that the proportion of cases that were serious (based on hospitalization) or fatal was 2.4% and 0.8%, respectively. Prevalence varied by subgroup; households reporting incomes at or below $100,000 in 2019 had nearly five times higher estimated antibody prevalence than those with incomes above $100,000. Those reporting non-White/non-Asian race had roughly seven times higher estimated antibody prevalence than those reporting White race. This survey was noteworthy for including people of all ages; among all age groups, the weighted estimate of prevalence was highest in older teens and young adults and lowest in young children, although these differences were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Cowgill
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elena A. Erosheva
- Department of Statistics, School of Social Work, and the Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam Elder
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ljubomir Miljacic
- The Mountain-Whisper-Light, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susan Buskin
- Public Health–Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Duchin
- Public Health–Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Conti CB, Mainardi E, Soro S, Testa S, De Silvestri A, Drago A, Cereatti F, Grassia R. SARS-CoV-2 in inflammatory bowel disease population: Antibodies, disease and correlation with therapy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 14:154-163. [DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend to cease inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) biologic therapy during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
AIM To investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody positivity in an IBD cohort, COVID-19 disease severity and to evaluate the correlation with clinical/therapeutic variables.
METHODS Prospective observational cohort study. IBD patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Data on COVID-19 disease, demographics/therapeutics and clinical features of the IBD population were collected. IgG ≥ 7 was set for SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity. Throat swab was performed in cases of IgG positivity. Correlations between antibody positivity or COVID-19 symptoms and therapeutic/clinical data were assessed.
RESULTS In total, 103 IBD patients were enrolled. Among them, 18.4% had IgG ≥ 7. Multivariate analysis of antibody positivity correlated only with IBD treatment. For IgG ≥ 7, the odds ratio was 1.44 and 0.16 for azathioprine and mesalazine, respectively, vs biologic drugs (P = 0.0157 between them). COVID-19 related symptoms were reported in 63% of patients with IgG positivity. All but one patient with COVID-19 symptoms did not require ceasing IBD treatment or hospitalization. IBD treatment and body mass index correlated with COVID-19 disease development with symptoms.
CONCLUSION The IBD population does not have a higher risk of severe COVID-19. The relative risk of having SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and symptoms was higher for patients taking azathioprine, then biologic therapy and lastly mesalazine. None of the patients under biologic therapy developed severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Benedetta Conti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Elsa Mainardi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Sara Soro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Sophie Testa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Department of Clinic Epidemiology and Biometric, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Andrea Drago
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cereatti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Roberto Grassia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
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5
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Conti CB, Mainardi E, Soro S, Testa S, De Silvestri A, Drago A, Cereatti F, Grassia R. SARS-CoV-2 in inflammatory bowel disease population: Antibodies, disease and correlation with therapy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 14:153-162. [PMID: 35432745 PMCID: PMC8984534 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend to cease inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) biologic therapy during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
AIM To investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody positivity in an IBD cohort, COVID-19 disease severity and to evaluate the correlation with clinical/therapeutic variables.
METHODS Prospective observational cohort study. IBD patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Data on COVID-19 disease, demographics/therapeutics and clinical features of the IBD population were collected. IgG ≥ 7 was set for SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity. Throat swab was performed in cases of IgG positivity. Correlations between antibody positivity or COVID-19 symptoms and therapeutic/clinical data were assessed.
RESULTS In total, 103 IBD patients were enrolled. Among them, 18.4% had IgG ≥ 7. Multivariate analysis of antibody positivity correlated only with IBD treatment. For IgG ≥ 7, the odds ratio was 1.44 and 0.16 for azathioprine and mesalazine, respectively, vs biologic drugs (P = 0.0157 between them). COVID-19 related symptoms were reported in 63% of patients with IgG positivity. All but one patient with COVID-19 symptoms did not require ceasing IBD treatment or hospitalization. IBD treatment and body mass index correlated with COVID-19 disease development with symptoms.
CONCLUSION The IBD population does not have a higher risk of severe COVID-19. The relative risk of having SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and symptoms was higher for patients taking azathioprine, then biologic therapy and lastly mesalazine. None of the patients under biologic therapy developed severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Benedetta Conti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Elsa Mainardi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Sara Soro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Sophie Testa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Department of Clinic Epidemiology and Biometric, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Andrea Drago
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cereatti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Roberto Grassia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
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Achabaeva AB, Kaisinova AS, Gusov RM, Taimazova ZA, Efimenko NV, Chalaya EN. [Natural therapeutic factors in medical rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID syndrome]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2022; 99:5-11. [PMID: 36511460 DOI: 10.17116/kurort2022990625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using therapeutic physical factors in post-COVID syndrome is due to their sanogenetic effects that ensure the restoration of impaired bodily functions, which serves as the basis for their use at various stages of medical rehabilitation of this category of patients. OBJECTIVE To develop a new medical technology for the 3rd outpatient stage of medical rehabilitation of the patients with post-COVID syndrome using natural therapeutic factors of Nalchik resort. MATERIAL AND METHODS There has been carried out a controlled study in compliance with the principles of randomization to develop an outpatient medical rehabilitation program including 168 patients with post-COVID syndrome. All the patients were divided into four groups: the control group (n=40) was prescribed pharmacotherapy and physical therapy in the hall in accordance with federal clinical recommendations; comparison group 1 (n=43) had drinking mineral water in addition; comparison group 2 (n=43) received physical therapy on the route of Nalchik resort terrainkur in addition to the treatment in comparison group 1; the main group (n=42) included a group psychotherapy on the Terrainkur route in addition to the treatment in comparison group 2. RESULTS The results of the comparative analysis showed the feasibility of the developed outpatient medical rehabilitation program for the patients suffering from post-COVID syndrome: the overall effectiveness of rehabilitation measures increased compared to other follow-up groups by 10-15% due to the improvement of external breathing function (p<0.05), cognitive status (p<0.01), increased exercise tolerance (p<0.01), physical recovery (p<0.01) and mental health (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The summation and integration of sanogenetic effects of physical factors, psychocorrective techniques, and pharmacotherapy provide a significant improvement in the physical and mental status of the patients with post-COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Achabaeva
- Medical Institute of the Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik, Russia
| | - A S Kaisinova
- North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Essentuki, Russia.,Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - Branch of the Volgograd State Medical University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - R M Gusov
- Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - Branch of the Volgograd State Medical University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - Z A Taimazova
- North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Essentuki, Russia.,Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute - Branch of the Volgograd State Medical University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - N V Efimenko
- North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Essentuki, Russia
| | - E N Chalaya
- North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Essentuki, Russia
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Alandijany TA, Faizo AA. Development of Serological Assays and Seroprevalence Studies of the New Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Reports from Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121730. [PMID: 34946456 PMCID: PMC8701666 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological assays are valuable tools for tracking COVID-19 spread, estimation of herd immunity, and evaluation of vaccine effectiveness. Several reports from Saudi Arabia describe optimized in-house protocols that enable detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and measurement of their neutralizing activity. Notably, there were variations in the approaches utilized to develop and validate these immunoassays in term of sample size, validation methodologies, and statistical analyses. The developed enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) were based on the viral full-length spike (S), S1 subunit, and nucleocapsid (NP), and enabled detection of IgM and/or IgG. ELISAs were evaluated and validated against a microneutralization assay utilizing a local SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate, FDA-approved commercially available immunoassays, and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Overall, the performance of the described assays was high, reaching up to 100% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity with no cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses. In-house immunoassays, along with commercially available kits, were subsequently applied in a number of sero-epidemiological studies aiming to estimate sero-positivity status among local populations including healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients, non-COVID-19 patients, and healthy blood donors. The reported seroprevalence rates differed widely among these studies, ranging from 0.00% to 32.2%. These variations are probably due to study period, targeted population, sample size, and performance of the immunoassays utilized. Indeed, lack of sero-positive cases were reported among healthy blood donors during the lockdown, while the highest rates were reported when the number of COVID-19 cases peaked in the country, particularly among healthcare workers working in referral hospitals and quarantine sites. In this review, we aim to (1) provide a critical discussion about the developed in-house immunoassays, and (2) summarize key findings of the sero-epidemiological studies and highlight strengths and weaknesses of each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (T.A.A.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Arwa A. Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (T.A.A.); (A.A.F.)
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Classen JM, Muzalyova A, Nagl S, Fleischmann C, Ebigbo A, Römmele C, Messmann H, Schnoy E. Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results of a Single-Center Cohort Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Germany. Dig Dis 2021; 40:719-727. [PMID: 34915480 PMCID: PMC8805066 DOI: 10.1159/000521343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first described in 2019, with a significant impact on everyday life since then. In December 2020, the first vaccine against COVID-19 from BioNTech/Pfizer was approved for the first time. However, little is known about the immune response to vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and immunomodulators or biologics. The aim of our study was to investigate antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with IBD receiving immunomodulators or biologics compared to healthy controls. METHODS This was a single-center study with a retrospective observational design. Seventy-two patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease were included. Matching data from 72 healthy employees of our hospital were used as the control group. Data were matched by propensity score to patients with IBD. Blood samples were taken from both groups for antibody response, and both groups received an accompanying questionnaire. RESULTS Sixty-five (90.3%) patients of the IBD group reported taking immunomodulatory therapy. The mean antibody level for all IBD patients was 1,257.1 U/mL (standard deviation [SD] 1,109.626) in males and 1,500.1 U/mL (SD 1142.760) in female IBD patients after full vaccination. Compared to the healthy group, reduced antibody response could be detected (IBD group 1,383.76 U/mL SD 1,125.617; control group 1,885.65 U/mL SD 727.572, p < 0.05). In this group, blood samples were taken with an average of 61.9 days after the first vaccination. There was no vaccination failure in the IBD group after 2 vaccinations. After the first vaccination, side effects, including muscle pain, pain at the injection site, and fatigue, were reported more often in IBD patients than in the control group (total symptoms IBD group 58.3%, control group 34.5%, p < 0.007). The opposite occurred after the second vaccination when side effects were higher in the control group (total symptoms IBD group 55.4%, control group 76%, p = 0.077). There was a trend to a reduced immune response in elderly patients. Disease duration and concomitant immunomodulatory therapy (TNF-alpha blockers, interleukin inhibitors, integrin inhibitors, methotrexate, or azathioprine) had no impact on the immune response. However, longer time to last medication given and time passed to vaccination in patients with IBD seems to have a positive impact on antibody levels. CONCLUSION Overall, we could show a high antibody response to vaccination with COVID-19 in all patients with IBD after 2 vaccinations. Vaccination was well tolerated, and no other adverse events were detected. Concomitant immunomodulatory therapy (TNF-alpha blockers, interleukin inhibitors, integrin inhibitors, methotrexate, or azathioprine) had no impact on seroconversion. Further evaluation of antibody titers over time is mandatory to detect early the need for re-vaccination in these patients.
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Prudente TP, Castro RG, Candido MA, Rodrigues RL, de Souza LM, Roberti MDRF. Antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent plasma donors: can we predict subjects' eligibility? Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021; 44:1-6. [PMID: 34751255 PMCID: PMC8566374 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unfolds around the world; answers related to the antibody response against the virus are necessary to develop treatment and prophylactic strategies. We attempted to understand part of the immune response of convalescent plasma donation candidates. Method We carried out a cross-sectional, observational, non-intervention study, testing 102 convalescent plasma donation candidates for antibodies against the virus, relating these data to the time interval between symptom onset and sample collection, age, disease severity, and gender. Results In our sample, the individuals who developed a greater antibody response were the ones who had a longer time interval between symptom onset and sample collection, the ones who had been hospitalized and the subjects above 35 years old. Moreover, 17 individuals did not present any reactive antibodies. Conclusion These results are important in that they raise questions about the role of the humoral response against the virus, as some individuals do not develop antibodies to fight it. In addition, they help develop recruitment strategies for convalescent plasma donors, who should be asymptomatic for at least 21 days and are possibly more likely to have reactive antibodies after 35 days without symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Paiva Prudente
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás (FM-UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Renato Gomes Castro
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás (FM-UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria do Rosario Ferraz Roberti
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás (FM-UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Hemocentro de Goiás (HEMOGO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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A fluorescence-based, gain-of-signal, live cell system to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibition. Antiviral Res 2021; 195:105183. [PMID: 34626674 PMCID: PMC8495046 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The likelihood of continued circulation of COVID-19 and its variants, and novel coronaviruses due to future zoonotic transmissions, combined with the current paucity of coronavirus antivirals, emphasize the need for improved screening in developing effective antivirals for the treatment of infection by SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) and other coronaviruses. Here we report the development of a live-cell based assay for evaluating the intracellular function of the critical, highly-conserved CoV2 target, the Main 3C-like protease (Mpro). This assay is based on expression of native wild-type mature CoV2 Mpro, the function of which is quantitatively evaluated in living cells through cleavage of a biosensor leading to loss of fluorescence. Evaluation does not require cell harvesting, allowing for multiple measurements from the same cells facilitating quantification of Mpro inhibition, as well as recovery of function upon removal of inhibitory drugs. The pan-coronavirus Mpro inhibitor, GC376, was utilized in this assay and effective inhibition of intracellular CoV2 Mpro was found to be consistent with levels required to inhibit CoV2 infection of human lung cells. We demonstrate that GC376 is an effective inhibitor of intracellular CoV2 Mpro at low micromolar levels, while other predicted Mpro inhibitors, bepridil and alverine, are not. Results indicate this system can provide a highly effective high-throughput coronavirus Mpro screening system.
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Dalle Carbonare L, Valenti MT, Bisoffi Z, Piubelli C, Pizzato M, Accordini S, Mariotto S, Ferrari S, Minoia A, Bertacco J, Li Vigni V, Dorelli G, Crisafulli E, Alberti D, Masin L, Tiberti N, Longoni SS, Lopalco L, Beretta A, Zipeto D. Serology study after BTN162b2 vaccination in participants previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 in two different waves versus naïve. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2021; 1:38. [PMID: 35602204 PMCID: PMC9053253 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-021-00039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in individuals with waning immunity generated by a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the patterns of IgA and IgM responses in previously infected and in naïve individuals are still poorly understood. Methods We performed a serology study in a cohort of BTN162b2 mRNA vaccine recipients who were immunologically naïve (N, n = 50) or had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (P.I., n = 51) during the first (n = 25) or second (n = 26) pandemic waves in Italy, respectively. We measured IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) and IgG against the nucleocapsid (N) proteins, as well as the neutralizing activity of sera collected before vaccination, after the first and second dose of vaccine. Results Most P.I. individuals from the first pandemic wave who showed declining antibody titres responded to the first vaccine dose with IgG-S and pseudovirus neutralization titres that were significantly higher than those observed in N individuals after the second vaccine dose. In all recipients, a single dose of vaccine was sufficient to induce a potent IgA response that was not associated with serum neutralization titres. We observed an unconventional pattern of IgM responses that were elicited in only half of immunologically naïve subjects even after the second vaccine dose. Conclusions The response to a single dose of vaccine in P.I. individuals is more potent than that observed in N individuals after two doses. Vaccine-induced IgA are not associated with serum neutralization.
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Grants
- FUR 2020 Department of Excellence 2018-2022, MIUR, Italy, and the Brain Research Foundation Verona (D.Z.), the Italian Ministry of Health under “Fondi Ricerca Corrente – L1P5” and “Progetto COVID Ricerca Finalizzata 2020 12371675” to IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (Z.B., C.P., N.T., S.L.), Fondazione VRT/CARITRO (M.P., S.A.), the COVID Research Projects 2020, Italian Ministry of Health, COVID2020-12371617 (L.L.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zeno Bisoffi
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Povo (Trento), Italy
| | - Silvia Accordini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Povo (Trento), Italy
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Alberti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Masin
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Natalia Tiberti
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Silvia Stefania Longoni
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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12
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Sariol CA, Pantoja P, Serrano-Collazo C, Rosa-Arocho T, Armina-Rodríguez A, Cruz L, Stone ET, Arana T, Climent C, Latoni G, Atehortua D, Pabon-Carrero C, Pinto AK, Brien JD, Espino AM. Function Is More Reliable than Quantity to Follow Up the Humoral Response to the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2-Spike Protein after Natural Infection or COVID-19 Vaccination. Viruses 2021; 13:1972. [PMID: 34696403 PMCID: PMC8538099 DOI: 10.3390/v13101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and emergence of variants of concern have highlighted the need for functional antibody assays to monitor the humoral response over time. Antibodies directed against the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 are an important component of the neutralizing antibody response. In this work, we report that in a subset of patients-despite a decline in total S-specific antibodies-neutralizing antibody titers remain at a similar level for an average of 98 days in longitudinal sampling of a cohort of 59 Hispanic/Latino patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggest that 100% of seroconverting patients make detectable neutralizing antibody responses which can be quantified by a surrogate viral neutralization test. Examination of sera from ten out of the 59 subjects which received mRNA-based vaccination revealed that both IgG titers and neutralizing activity of sera were higher after vaccination compared to a cohort of 21 SARS-CoV-2 naïve subjects. One dose was sufficient for the induction of a neutralizing antibody, but two doses were necessary to reach 100% surrogate virus neutralization in subjects irrespective of previous SARS-CoV-2 natural infection status. Like the pattern observed after natural infection, the total anti-S antibodies titers declined after the second vaccine dose; however, neutralizing activity remained relatively constant for more than 80 days after the first vaccine dose. Furthermore, our data indicates that-compared with mRNA vaccination-natural infection induces a more robust humoral immune response in unexposed subjects. This work is an important contribution to understanding the natural immune response to the novel coronavirus in a population severely impacted by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, by comparing the dynamics of the immune response after the natural infection vs. the vaccination, these findings suggest that functional neutralizing antibody tests are more relevant indicators than the presence or absence of binding antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Sariol
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (L.C.); (T.A.)
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (P.P.); (C.S.-C.); (T.R.-A.); (A.A.-R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Petraleigh Pantoja
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (P.P.); (C.S.-C.); (T.R.-A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Crisanta Serrano-Collazo
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (P.P.); (C.S.-C.); (T.R.-A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Tiffany Rosa-Arocho
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (P.P.); (C.S.-C.); (T.R.-A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Albersy Armina-Rodríguez
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (P.P.); (C.S.-C.); (T.R.-A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Lorna Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (L.C.); (T.A.)
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (P.P.); (C.S.-C.); (T.R.-A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - E. Taylor Stone
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (E.T.S.); (A.K.P.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Teresa Arana
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (L.C.); (T.A.)
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (P.P.); (C.S.-C.); (T.R.-A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Consuelo Climent
- Blood Bank Medical Center, Medical Center, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
| | - Gerardo Latoni
- Banco de Sangre de Servicios Mutuos, Guaynabo, PR 00968, USA;
| | - Dianne Atehortua
- Puerto Rico Science, Technology and Research Trust, San Juan, PR 00927, USA; (D.A.); (C.P.-C.)
| | - Christina Pabon-Carrero
- Puerto Rico Science, Technology and Research Trust, San Juan, PR 00927, USA; (D.A.); (C.P.-C.)
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (E.T.S.); (A.K.P.); (J.D.B.)
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (E.T.S.); (A.K.P.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Ana M. Espino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (L.C.); (T.A.)
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13
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Monzavi SM, Naderi M, Ahmadbeigi N, Kajbafzadeh AM, Muhammadnejad S. An outlook on antigen-specific adoptive immunotherapy for viral infections with a focus on COVID-19. Cell Immunol 2021; 367:104398. [PMID: 34217004 PMCID: PMC8214814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although not a standard-of-care yet, adoptive immunotherapeutic approaches have gradually earned a place within the list of antiviral therapies for some of fatal and hard-to-treat viral diseases. To maintain robust antiviral immunity and to effectively target the viral particles and virally-infected cells, immune cells capable of recognizing the viral antigens are required. While conventional vaccination can induce these cells in vivo; another option is to prime and generate antigen-specific immune cells ex vivo. This approach has been successfully trialed for virulent opportunistic viral infections after bone marrow transplantation. Amid the crisis of SARS-CoV2 pandemic, which has been followed by the success of certain early-authorized vaccines; some institutions and companies have explored the effects of viral-specific adoptive cell transfers (ACTs) in trials, as alternative treatments. Aimed at outlining a perspective on antigen-specific adoptive immunotherapy for viral infections, this review article specifically provides an appraisal of ACT-based studies/trials on SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Monzavi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors at: Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center (A.M. Kajbafzadeh) and Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S. Muhammadnejad)
| | - Samad Muhammadnejad
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors at: Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center (A.M. Kajbafzadeh) and Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S. Muhammadnejad)
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14
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Melgaço JG, Azamor T, Silva AMV, Linhares JHR, dos Santos TP, Mendes YS, de Lima SMB, Fernandes CB, da Silva J, de Souza AF, Tubarão LN, Brito e Cunha D, Pereira TBS, Menezes CEL, Miranda MD, Matos AR, Caetano BC, Martins JSCC, Calvo TL, Rodrigues NF, Sacramento CQ, Siqueira MM, Moraes MO, Missailidis S, Neves PCC, Ano Bom APD. Two-Step In Vitro Model to Evaluate the Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2. Cells 2021; 10:2206. [PMID: 34571855 PMCID: PMC8465121 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular immune response plays an important role in COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. This feature makes use of in vitro models' useful tools to evaluate vaccines and biopharmaceutical effects. Here, we developed a two-step model to evaluate the cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced or spike protein stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both unexposed and COVID-19 (primo-infected) individuals (Step1). Moreover, the supernatants of these cultures were used to evaluate its effects on lung cell lines (A549) (Step2). When PBMC from the unexposed were infected by SARS-CoV-2, cytotoxic natural killer and nonclassical monocytes expressing inflammatory cytokines genes were raised. The supernatant of these cells can induce apoptosis of A549 cells (mock vs. Step2 [mean]: 6.4% × 17.7%). Meanwhile, PBMCs from primo-infected presented their memory CD4+ T cells activated with a high production of IFNG and antiviral genes. Supernatant from past COVID-19 subjects contributed to reduce apoptosis (mock vs. Step2 [ratio]: 7.2 × 1.4) and to elevate the antiviral activity (iNOS) of A549 cells (mock vs. Step2 [mean]: 31.5% × 55.7%). Our findings showed features of immune primary cells and lung cell lines response after SARS-CoV-2 or spike protein stimulation that can be used as an in vitro model to study the immunity effects after SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G. Melgaço
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Tamiris Azamor
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Andréa M. V. Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - José Henrique R. Linhares
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Tiago P. dos Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Ygara S. Mendes
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Sheila M. B. de Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Camilla Bayma Fernandes
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Jane da Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Alessandro F. de Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Luciana N. Tubarão
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Danielle Brito e Cunha
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Tamires B. S. Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Catarina E. L. Menezes
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Milene D. Miranda
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Aline R. Matos
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Braulia C. Caetano
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Jéssica S. C. C. Martins
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Thyago L. Calvo
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.L.C.); (M.O.M.)
| | - Natalia F. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (N.F.R.); (C.Q.S.)
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (N.F.R.); (C.Q.S.)
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marilda M. Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.D.M.); (A.R.M.); (B.C.C.); (J.S.C.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Milton O. Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.L.C.); (M.O.M.)
| | - Sotiris Missailidis
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Patrícia C. C. Neves
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Ana Paula D. Ano Bom
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.M.V.S.); (J.H.R.L.); (T.P.d.S.); (Y.S.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.); (C.B.F.); (J.d.S.); (A.F.d.S.); (L.N.T.); (D.B.e.C.); (T.B.S.P.); (C.E.L.M.); (S.M.); (P.C.C.N.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
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15
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Speer C, Morath C, Töllner M, Buylaert M, Göth D, Nusshag C, Kälble F, Schaier M, Grenz J, Kreysing M, Reichel P, Hidmark A, Ponath G, Schnitzler P, Zeier M, Süsal C, Klein K, Benning L. Humoral Responses to Single-Dose BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination in Dialysis Patients Previously Infected With SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:721286. [PMID: 34485347 PMCID: PMC8415834 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.721286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Seroconversion rates following infection and vaccination are lower in dialysis patients compared to healthy controls. There is an urgent need for the characterization of humoral responses and success of a single-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in previously infected dialysis patients. We performed a dual-center cohort study comparing three different groups: 25 unvaccinated hemodialysis patients after PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (Group 1), 43 hemodialysis patients after two-time BNT162b2 vaccination without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (Group 2), and 13 single-dose vaccinated hemodialysis patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (Group 3). Group 3 consists of seven patients from Group 1 and 6 additional patients with sera only available after single-dose vaccination. Anti-S1 IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 protein epitopes were measured 3 weeks after the first and 3 weeks after the second vaccination in patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6 weeks after the onset of COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients, and 3 weeks after single-dose vaccination in patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. Unvaccinated patients after COVID-19 showed a significantly higher neutralizing antibody capacity than two-time vaccinated patients without prior COVID-19 [median (IQR) percent inhibition 88.0 (71.5-95.5) vs. 50.7 (26.4-81.0); P = 0.018]. After one single vaccine dose, previously infected individuals generated 15- to 34-fold higher levels of anti-S1 IgG than age- and dialysis vintage-matched unvaccinated patients after infection or two-time vaccinated patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with a median (IQR) index of 274 (151-791) compared to 18 (8-41) and 8 (1-21) (for both P < 0.001). With a median (IQR) percent inhibition of 97.6 (97.2-98.9), the neutralizing capacity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was significantly higher in single-dose vaccinated patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to other groups (for both P < 0.01). Bead-based analysis showed high antibody reactivity against various SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitopes after single-dose vaccination in previously infected patients. In conclusion, single-dose vaccination in previously infected dialysis patients induced a strong and broad antibody reactivity against various SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitopes with high neutralizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Speer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit Heidelberg, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Morath
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mirabel Buylaert
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Göth
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kälble
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schaier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Grenz
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Kreysing
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Reichel
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asa Hidmark
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerald Ponath
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Schnitzler
- Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caner Süsal
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Klein
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louise Benning
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Kolivras A, Thompson C, Pastushenko I, Mathieu M, Bruderer P, de Vicq M, Feoli F, Harag S, Meiers I, Olemans C, Sass U, Dehavay F, Fakih A, Lam-Hoai XL, Marneffe A, Van De Borne L, Vandersleyen V, Richert B. A clinicopathological description of COVID-19-induced chilblains (COVID-toes) correlated with a published literature review. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 49:17-28. [PMID: 34272741 PMCID: PMC8444728 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The abundance of publications of COVID‐19‐induced chilblains has resulted in a confusing situation. Methods This is a prospective single‐institution study from 15 March to 13 May 2020. Thirty‐two patients received PCR nasopharyngeal swabs. Of these, 28 patients had a thoracic CT‐scan, 31 patients had blood and urine examinations, 24 patients had skin biopsies including immunohistochemical and direct immunofluorescence studies, and four patients had electron microscopy. Results COVID‐19‐induced chilblains are clinically and histopathologically identical to chilblains from other causes. Although intravascular thrombi are sometimes observed, no patient had a systemic coagulopathy or severe clinical course. The exhaustive clinical, radiological, and laboratory work‐up in this study ruled‐out other primary and secondary causes. Electron microscopy revealed rare, probable viral particles whose core and spikes measured from 120 to 133 nm within endothelium and eccrine glands in two cases. Conclusion This study provides further clinicopathologic evidence of COVID‐19‐related chilblains. Negative PCR and antibody tests do not rule‐out infection. Chilblains represent a good prognosis, occurring later in the disease course. No systemic coagulopathy was identified in any patient. Patients presenting with acral lesions should be isolated, and chilblains should be distinguished from thrombotic lesions (livedo racemosa, retiform purpura, or ischemic acral necrosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Kolivras
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Curtis Thompson
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,CTA Pathology, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marisa Mathieu
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Bruderer
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marine de Vicq
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesco Feoli
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saadia Harag
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meiers
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Olemans
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ursula Sass
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florence Dehavay
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ali Fakih
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xuan-Lan Lam-Hoai
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice Marneffe
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Van De Borne
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valerie Vandersleyen
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatopathology, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Richert
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Deng Q, Ye G, Pan Y, Xie W, Yang G, Li Z, Li Y. High Performance of SARS-Cov-2N Protein Antigen Chemiluminescence Immunoassay as Frontline Testing for Acute Phase COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:676560. [PMID: 34336884 PMCID: PMC8317577 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.676560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: COVID-19 emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world. Testing strategies focussing on patients with COVID-19 require assays that are high-throughput, low-risk of infection, and with small sample volumes. Antigen surveillance can be used to identify exposure to pathogens and measure acute infections. Methods: A total of 914 serum samples, collected from 309 currently infected COVID-19 patients, 48 recovered ones, and 410 non-COVID-19 patients, were used to measure N protein antigen levels by a chemilumineseent immunoassay. Diagnostic performances were analyzed in different periods after onset. Results: There was a high level of N protein antigen in COVID-19 patients (0.56 COI), comparing to the recovered patients (0.12 COI) and controls (0.19 COI). In receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve of serum N protein antigen was 0.911 in the first week after onset. In this period, Sensitivity and specificity of serologic N protein antigen testing was 76.27 and 98.78%. Diagnosis performance of specific antibodies became better from the third week after onset. Subgroup analysis suggested that severe patients had higher levels of antigens than mild patients. Conclusions: High level of serum antigen suggested early infection and serious illness. Serum N protein antigen testing by chemiluminescence immunoassay is considered as a viable assay used to improve diagnostic sensitivity for current patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangming Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Burack D, Pereira MR, Tsapepas DS, Harren P, Farr MA, Arcasoy S, Cohen DJ, Mohan S, Emond JC, Hod EA, Verna EC. Prevalence and predictors of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among solid organ transplant recipients with confirmed infection. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2254-2261. [PMID: 33590675 PMCID: PMC8014874 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It remains uncertain whether immunocompromised patients including solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients will have a robust antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We enrolled all adult SOT recipients at our center with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who underwent antibody testing with a single commercially available anti-nucleocapsid antibody test at least 7 days after diagnosis in a retrospective cohort. Seventy SOT recipients were studied (56% kidney, 19% lung, 14% liver ± kidney, and 11% heart ± kidney recipients). Thirty-six (51%) had positive anti-nucleocapsid antibody testing, and 34 (49%) were negative. Recipients of a kidney allograft were less likely to have positive antibody testing compared to those who did not receive a kidney (p = .04). In the final multivariable model, the years from transplant to diagnosis (OR 1.26, p = .002) and baseline immunosuppression with more than two agents (OR 0.26, p = .03) were significantly associated with the antibody test result, controlling for kidney transplantation. In conclusion, among SOT recipients with confirmed infection, only 51% of patients had detectable anti-nucleocapsid antibodies, and transplant-related variables including the level and nature of immunosuppression were important predictors. These findings raise the concern that SOT recipients with COVID-19 may be less likely to form SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Burack
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York,Correspondence Elizabeth C. Verna, Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus R. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Demetra S. Tsapepas
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Patricia Harren
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Maryjane A. Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Selim Arcasoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Sumit Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Jean C. Emond
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York,Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Eldad A. Hod
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth C. Verna
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York,Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
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19
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Ahmed WA, Dada A, Alshukairi AN, Sohrab SS, Faizo AA, Tolah AM, El-Kafrawy SA, Bajrai LH, Moalim HM, Aly MH, Aboelazm AF, Al-Hamzi MA, Saeedi MF, Alandijany TA, Azhar EI. Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2021; 33:101366. [PMID: 33613011 PMCID: PMC7881290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major health problem worldwide. The surveillance of seropositive individuals serves as an indicator to the extent of infection spread and provides an estimation of herd immunity status among population. Reports from different countries investigated this issue among healthcare workers (HCWs) who are "at risk" and "sources of risk" for COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 among HCWs in one of the COVID-19 referral centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia using three different serological methods. METHODS In-house developed enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), commercially available electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), and microneutralization (MN) assay were utilized to determine the seroprevalence rate among the study population. 204 HCWs participated in the study. Both physicians and nurses working in the COVID-19 and non COVID-19 areas were included. Twelve out of 204 were confirmed cases of COVID-19 with variable disease severity. Samples from recovered HCWs were collected four weeks post diagnosis. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence rate was 6.3% (13 out of 204) using the in-house ELISA and MN assay and it was 5.8% (12 out of 204) using the commercial ECLIA. Among HCWs undiagnosed with COVID-19, the seroprevalence was 2% (4 out 192). Notably, neutralizing antibodies were not detected in 3 (25%) out 12 confirmed cases of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our study, similar to the recent national multi-center study, showed a low seroprevalence of SARS-Cov-2 antibodies among HCWs. Concordance of results between the commercial electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), in-house ELISA and MN assay was observed. The in-house ELISA is a promising tool for the serological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, seroprevalence studies may underestimate the extent of COVID-19 infection as some cases with mild disease did not have detectable antibody responses.
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Key Words
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, The new Coronavirus Disease 2019
- DMEM-FCS, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium containing fetal calf serum
- ECLIA, Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunoassay
- HCL, 1N hydrochloric acid
- HCWs, Healthcare Workers
- Healthcare workers
- MN, Microneutralization
- OD450, Optical density at 450 nm
- PBS, Phosphate Buffer Saline
- PBST, PBS containing 0.1% Tween 20
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- SFH, Security Forces Hospital
- Saudi Arabia
- Seroprevalence
- TCID50, Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose
- TMB, 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer N Alshukairi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed S Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Moalim
- Department of Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Aly
- Department of Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed F Aboelazm
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Hamzi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Saeedi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Ebinger JE, Fert-Bober J, Printsev I, Wu M, Sun N, Prostko JC, Frias EC, Stewart JL, Van Eyk JE, Braun JG, Cheng S, Sobhani K. Antibody responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med 2021; 27:981-984. [PMID: 33795870 PMCID: PMC8205849 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In a cohort of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) mRNA vaccine recipients (n = 1,090), we observed that spike-specific IgG antibody levels and ACE2 antibody binding inhibition responses elicited by a single vaccine dose in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 35) were similar to those seen after two doses of vaccine in individuals without prior infection (n = 228). Post-vaccine symptoms were more prominent for those with prior infection after the first dose, but symptomology was similar between groups after the second dose. Virus-specific antibody levels after a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 are similar to levels after two doses of the vaccine in infection-naive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ignat Printsev
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John C Prostko
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Edwin C Frias
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - James L Stewart
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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Cappel MA, Cappel JA, Wetter DA. Pernio (Chilblains), SARS-CoV-2, and COVID Toes Unified Through Cutaneous and Systemic Mechanisms. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:989-1005. [PMID: 33714595 PMCID: PMC7826004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pernio or chilblains is characterized by erythema and swelling at acral sites (eg, toes and fingers), typically triggered by cold exposure. Clinical and histopathologic features of pernio are well described, but the pathogenesis is not entirely understood; vasospasm and a type I interferon (IFN-I) immune response are likely involved. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, dermatologists have observed an increase in pernio-like acral eruptions. Direct causality of pernio due to COVID-19 has not been established in many cases because of inconsistent testing methods (often negative results) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, a form of COVID-19‒associated pernio (also called COVID toes) is probable because of increased occurrence, frequently in young patients with no cold exposure or a history of pernio, and reports of skin biopsies with positive SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistry. PubMed was searched between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020 for publications using the following keywords: pernio, chilblain, and acral COVID-19. On the basis of our review of the published literature, we speculate that several unifying cutaneous and systemic mechanisms may explain COVID-19‒associated pernio: (1) SARS-CoV-2 cell infection occurs through the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 mediated by transmembrane protease serine 2, subsequently affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with an increase in the vasoconstricting, pro-inflammatory, and prothrombotic angiotensin II pathway. (2) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 cell infection triggers an immune response with robust IFN-I release in patients predisposed to COVID-19‒associated pernio. (3) Age and sex discrepancies correlated with COVID-19 severity and manifestations, including pernio as a sign of mild disease, are likely explained by age-related immune and vascular differences influenced by sex hormones and genetics, which affect susceptibility to viral cellular infection, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system balance, and the IFN-I response.
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Key Words
- ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- adam17, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17
- ang, angiotensin
- ang1-7, angiotensin-(1-7)
- angii, angiotensin ii
- at1r, angiotensin type 1 receptor
- at2r, angiotensin type 2 receptor
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- hif-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
- ifn, interferon
- ifn-i, type i interferon
- ifn-α, interferon α
- il, interleukin
- mxa, myxovirus resistance protein a
- no, nitric oxide
- nsp, nonstructural protein
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- pdc, plasmacytoid dendritic cell
- raas, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- s1, spike protein 1
- s2, spike protein 2
- sars-cov, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- th17, helper t cell 17
- tlr7, toll-like receptor 7
- tmprss2, transmembrane protease serine 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Cappel
- Gulf Coast Dermatopathology Laboratory, Dermatology Associates of Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL
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22
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Napoli C, Benincasa G, Criscuolo C, Faenza M, Liberato C, Rusciano M. Immune reactivity during COVID-19: Implications for treatment. Immunol Lett 2021; 231:28-34. [PMID: 33421440 PMCID: PMC7787505 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and fatigue which may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The main hematological laboratory findings associated with the severe form of disease are represented by lymphopenia and eosinopenia which mostly occur in the elderly population characterized by cardiovascular comorbidities and immunosenescence. Besides, increased levels of D-dimer, procalcitonin, and C reactive protein (CRP) seem to be powerful prognostic biomarkers helping to predict the onset of coagulopathy. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 can lead to an aberrant inflammatory response or "cytokine storm" which contributes to the severity of illness. At immunological level, patients affected by a severe form of COVID-19 show poor clinical trajectories characterized by differential "immunotypes" for which T cell response seems to play a critical role in understanding pathogenic mechanisms of disease. Also, patients with mild to severe COVID-19 displayed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), very low human leukocyte antigen D related (HLA-DR) expression with a parallel reduction of CD04+ lymphocytes, CD19 lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Corticosteroids resulted the best therapy for the immune dysregulation whereas repurposing of tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor antagonist) appears to have mixed results in patients with COVID-19. Besides, anticoagulative therapy was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality and need of intubation among COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the beneficial use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma needs to be validated in large controlled clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the main hematological parameters with a prognostic value in COVID-19 and the basis of immunological reactivity during COVID-19, with a focus on ongoing clinical trials evaluating immune targets as possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Division of Clinical Immunology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Clelia Criscuolo
- Division of Hematology, Hospital of Aversa (ASLCE), Aversa, Italy
| | - Mario Faenza
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, Universityof Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Liberato
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Division of Clinical Immunology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rusciano
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Division of Clinical Immunology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, AOU University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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23
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Ebinger JE, Fert-Bober J, Printsev I, Wu M, Sun N, Figueiredo JC, Van Eyk JE, Braun JG, Cheng S, Sobhani K. Prior COVID-19 Infection and Antibody Response to Single Versus Double Dose mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.02.23.21252230. [PMID: 33655279 PMCID: PMC7924304 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.23.21252230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The double dose regimen for mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 presents both a hope and a challenge for global efforts to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. With supply chain logistics impacting the rollout of population-scale vaccination programs, increasing attention has turned to the potential efficacy of single versus double dose vaccine administration for select individuals. To this end, we examined response to Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine in a large cohort of healthcare workers including those with versus without prior COVID-19 infection. For all participants, we quantified circulating levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) protein IgG at baseline prior to vaccine, after vaccine dose 1, and after vaccine dose 2. We observed that the anti-S IgG antibody response following a single vaccine dose in persons who had recovered from confirmed prior COVID-19 infection was similar to the antibody response following two doses of vaccine in persons without prior infection (P≥0.58). Patterns were similar for the post-vaccine symptoms experienced by infection recovered persons following their first dose compared to the symptoms experienced by infection naïve persons following their second dose (P=0.66). These results support the premise that a single dose of mRNA vaccine could provoke in COVID-19 recovered individuals a level of immunity that is comparable to that seen in infection naïve persons following a double dose regimen. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings, which could allow for public health programs to expand the reach of population wide vaccination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ignat Printsev
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nancy Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jane C. Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan G. Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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24
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Sharma G, Saha RP, Lee SS. Ongoing Clinical Trials of Vaccines to Fight against COVID-19 Pandemic. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e5. [PMID: 33728098 PMCID: PMC7937508 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed as a pandemic, and it created an outrageous effect on the current healthcare and economic system throughout the globe. To date, there is no appropriate therapeutics or vaccines against the disease. The entire human race is eagerly waiting for the development of new therapeutics or vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Efforts are being taken to develop vaccines at a rapid rate for fighting against the ongoing pandemic situation. Amongst the various vaccines under consideration, some are either in the preclinical stage or in the clinical stages of development (phase-I, -II, and -III). Even, phase-III trials are being conducted for some repurposed vaccines like Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, polio vaccine, and measles-mumps-rubella. We have highlighted the ongoing clinical trial landscape of the COVID-19 as well as repurposed vaccines. An insight into the current status of the available antigenic epitopes for SARS-CoV-2 and different types of vaccine platforms of COVID-19 vaccines has been discussed. These vaccines are highlighted throughout the world by different news agencies. Moreover, ongoing clinical trials for repurposed vaccines for COVID-19 and critical factors associated with the development of COVID-19 vaccines have also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | | | - Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Rudra P. Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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25
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Melgaço JG, Brito e Cunha D, Azamor T, da Silva AMV, Tubarão LN, Gonçalves RB, Monteiro RQ, Missailidis S, da Costa Neves PC, Ano Bom APD. Cellular and Molecular Immunology Approaches for the Development of Immunotherapies against the New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Challenges to Near-Future Breakthroughs. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8827670. [PMID: 33426096 PMCID: PMC7753942 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8827670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), termed COVID-19, has been highlighted as the most important infectious disease of our time, without a vaccine and treatment available until this moment, with a big impact on health systems worldwide, and with high mortality rates associated with respiratory viral disease. The medical and scientific communities have also been confronted by an urgent need to better understand the mechanism of host-virus interaction aimed at developing therapies and vaccines. Since this viral disease can trigger a strong innate immune response, causing severe damage to the pulmonary tract, immunotherapies have also been explored as a means to verify the immunomodulatory effect and improve clinical outcomes, whilst the comprehensive COVID-19 immunology still remains under investigation. In this review, both cellular and molecular immunopathology as well as hemostatic disorders induced by SARS-CoV-2 are summarized. The immunotherapeutic approaches based on the most recent clinical and nonclinical studies, emphasizing their effects for the treatment of COVID-19, are also addressed. The information presented elucidates helpful insights aiming at filling the knowledge gaps around promising immunotherapies that attempt to control the dysfunction of host factors during the course of this infectious viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Gil Melgaço
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Brito e Cunha
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Azamor
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Marques Vieira da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Neves Tubarão
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Braga Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Estrutural, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Q. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Trombose e Câncer, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sotiris Missailidis
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Anticorpos Monoclonais, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cristina da Costa Neves
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Anticorpos Monoclonais, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Rodríguez Hernández C, Sanz Moreno L. [Immunity against SARS-CoV-2: walking to the vaccination]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2020; 33:392-398. [PMID: 32935536 PMCID: PMC7712341 DOI: 10.37201/req/086.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Los coronavirus (CoVs) son un amplio grupo de virus en el que se encuentra el SARS-CoV-2 (familia Coronaviridae, subfamilia Coronavirinae, género Betacoronavirus y subgénero Sarbecovirus). Sus principales proteínas estructurales son la de membrana (M), la de envoltura (E), la nucleocápside (N) y la espicular (S). La respuesta inmune frente a SARS-CoV-2 implica la vertiente celular y humoral, con anticuerpos neutralizantes potencialmente defensivos fundamentalmente dirigidos frente al antígeno S. Aunque los datos de seroprevalencia se asumen muy frecuentemente como marcadores de protección, no necesariamente lo son. En España se estima que al menos cuatro quintas partes de la población deberían estar inmuno-protegidas para asegurar la inmunidad de grupo. Dada la alta tasa de letalidad por COVID-19, la adquisición de esta protección únicamente mediante el contagio natural no es asumible y se debe abogar por otras medidas como puede ser la inmunización masiva. En la actualidad existen varios prototipos de vacunas (que incluyen virus vivos, vectores virológicos, péptidos y proteínas y ácidos nucleicos) en diversas etapas de evaluación clínica. Se prevé que en breve alguna de estas nuevas vacunas se encuentre ya disponible en el mercado. En este texto se revisan aspectos relacionados con estos asuntos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Sanz Moreno
- Juan Carlos Sanz Moreno, Unidad de Microbiología Clínica. Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid. Dirección General de Salud Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid. Centro de Especialidades Médicas Vicente Soldevilla 2ª planta. C/ Sierra de Alquife 8. Madrid 28053 Spain.
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27
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Yassine HM, Al-Jighefee H, Al-Sadeq DW, Dargham SR, Younes SN, Shurrab F, Marei RM, Hssain AA, Taleb S, Alhussain H, Al-Nesf MA, Al-Khal A, Qotba H, Althani AA, Tang P, Abu-Raddad LJ, Nasrallah GK. Performance evaluation of five ELISA kits for detecting anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 102:181-187. [PMID: 33127504 PMCID: PMC7590641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate and compare the performances of five commercial ELISA assays (EDI, AnshLabs, Dia.Pro, NovaTec, and Lionex) for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Methods Seventy negative control samples (collected before the COVID-19 pandemic) and samples from 101 RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients (collected at different time points from symptom onset: ≤7, 8–14 and >14 days) were used to compare the sensitivity, specificity, agreement, and positive and negative predictive values of each assay with RT-PCR. A concordance assessment between the five assays was also conducted. Cross-reactivity with other HCoV, non-HCoV respiratory viruses, non-respiratory viruses, and nuclear antigens was investigated. Results Lionex showed the highest specificity (98.6%; 95% CI 92.3–99.8), followed by EDI and Dia.Pro (97.1%; 95% CI 90.2–99.2), NovaTec (85.7%; 95% CI 75.7–92.1), then AnshLabs (75.7%; 95% CI 64.5–84.2). All ELISA kits cross-reacted with one anti-MERS IgG-positive sample, except Lionex. The sensitivity was low during the early stages of the disease but improved over time. After 14 days from symptom onset, Lionex and NovaTec showed the highest sensitivity at 87.9% (95% CI 72.7–95.2) and 86.4% (95% CI 78.5–91.7), respectively. The agreement with RT-PCR results based on Cohen’s kappa was as follows: Lionex (0.89) > NovaTec (0.70) > Dia.Pro (0.69) > AnshLabs (0.63) > EDI (0.55). Conclusion The Lionex and NovaLisa IgG ELISA kits, demonstrated the best overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadeel Al-Jighefee
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Duaa W Al-Sadeq
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soha R Dargham
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salma N Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Farah Shurrab
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reham M Marei
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Ait Hssain
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Taleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Maryam A Al-Nesf
- Adult Allergy and Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda Qotba
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Centers, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrick Tang
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Liao M, Yan J, Wang X, Qian H, Wang C, Xu D, Wang B, Yang B, Liu S, Zhou M, Gao Q, Zhou Q, Luo J, Li Z, Liu W. Development and clinical application of a rapid SARS-CoV-2 antibody test strip: A multi-center assessment across China. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23619. [PMID: 33067888 PMCID: PMC7645889 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is posing a threat to the public health globally. Serological test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody can improve early diagnosis of COVID-19 and serves as a valuable supplement to RNA detection. METHOD A SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM combined antibody test strip based on colloidal gold immunochromatography assay was developed, with both spike protein and nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 antigen used for antibody detection. From 3 medical institutions across China, serum or plasma of 170 patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and 300 normal controls were collected and tested with the strip. Sensitivity, specificity, kappa coefficient, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed. Positive rates in different medical centers, age group, gender, and different disease course were compared. RESULTS 158 out 170 samples from confirmed COVID-19 patients had positive results from the test, and 296 out of 300 samples from normal controls had negative results. The kit was 92.9% sensitive and 98.7% specific. The positive rate was 77.3% during the first week after disease onset, but reached 100% since day 9. AUC and kappa coefficient were 0.958 and 0.926, respectively, which showed the consistency of the test results with the standard diagnosis. Age or gender caused little variations in the kit sensitivity. CONCLUSION The rapid, easy-to-use SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM combined antibody test kit has a superior performance, which can help with accurate diagnosis and thus timely treatment and isolation of COVID-19 patients, that contributes to the better control of the global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liao
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Infectious Diseases Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Chest Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Qian
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Shaohui Liu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | | | - Wenen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Faraoni D, Caplan LA, DiNardo JA, Guzzetta NA, Miller-Hance WC, Latham G, Momeni M, Nicolson SC, Spaeth JP, Taylor K, Twite M, Vener DF, Zabala L, Nasr VG. Considerations for Pediatric Heart Programs During COVID-19: Recommendations From the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:403-409. [PMID: 32459667 PMCID: PMC7273948 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
MESH Headings
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Testing
- Cardiology/standards
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards
- Consensus
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/transmission
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/standards
- Health Services Accessibility/standards
- Health Services Needs and Demand/standards
- Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
- Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infection Control/standards
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control
- Needs Assessment/standards
- Pandemics
- Pediatrics/standards
- Personal Protective Equipment/standards
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/transmission
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- SARS-CoV-2
- Time-to-Treatment/standards
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Affiliation(s)
- David Faraoni
- From the Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa A. Caplan
- Arthur S. Keats Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James A. DiNardo
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina A. Guzzetta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wanda C. Miller-Hance
- Arthur S. Keats Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Gregory Latham
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mona Momeni
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Acute Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susan C. Nicolson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, The Cardiac Center at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James P. Spaeth
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katherine Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Twite
- Section of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David F. Vener
- Arthur S. Keats Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Luis Zabala
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Children’s Health, Dallas, Texas
| | - Viviane G. Nasr
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Epstude J, Harsch IA. Seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in the cleaning and oncological staff of a municipal clinic. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2020; 15:Doc18. [PMID: 32733782 PMCID: PMC7376972 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To prevent shedding of the novel COVID-19 virus in hospitals, strict hygiene measures and surveillance of the staff and patients is mandatory. Studying the available literature, we assumed that monitoring of the cleaning staff may sometimes be a "blind spot" in surveillance. Although the cleaning personnel is not entrusted with the medical and nursing care of patients, the extent of patient contacts in this group may be comparable to medical personnel and even increase in times of a visit ban in many hospitals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 infections already undergone in this group. Methods: Antibody titers (IgA and IgG) against COVID-19 were measured in the cleaning staff from June 15th to 30th, 2020 in our clinic. Antibodies against COVID-19 were determined using ELISA (EUROIMMUN™, PerkinElmer, Inc. Company). For purposes of comparison, the same procedure was performed in the staff of the oncology ward, who were regarded as an important group due to their high-risk patients. Results: During the study period, 45 members of the cleaning staff and 20 members of the oncology ward were tested. Significantly elevated IgA antibody titers were detected in 1 person in the first group and in 1 person in the second group. Significantly elevated IgG antibody titers were not detected in the first group and in 1 person of the second group. In case of positive or indeterminate testing, swabs for direct virus detection were taken, but were negative in all cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of already undergone infections in both groups is low, as to be expected due to the still low incidence of COVID-19 infections in the German federal state of Thuringia. However, the presence of such antibodies in the cleaning personnel demonstrates the need for equally strict surveillance in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Epstude
- Department of Hospital Hygiene, Thuringia Clinic “Georgius Agricola”, Saalfeld/Saale, Germany
| | - Igor Alexander Harsch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Thuringia Clinic “Georgius Agricola”, Saalfeld/Saale, Germany
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31
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Mayanskiy NA. Immunity to COVID-19 and issues of screening for SARS-Cov-2 antibodies. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper briefly presents the known data on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and also analyzes the possibilities and limitations of serological testing for antibodies that should be accounted for when planning population studies and interpreting their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- NA Mayanskiy
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Nicol T, Lefeuvre C, Serri O, Pivert A, Joubaud F, Dubée V, Kouatchet A, Ducancelle A, Lunel-Fabiani F, Le Guillou-Guillemette H. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 through the evaluation of three immunoassays: Two automated immunoassays (Euroimmun and Abbott) and one rapid lateral flow immunoassay (NG Biotech). J Clin Virol 2020; 129:104511. [PMID: 32593133 PMCID: PMC7295485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For IgG detection >14 days after symptoms onset was 100.0 % for all assays. Specificity for IgG was greater than 98 % for CLIA and LFIA compared to ELISA. LFIA (NG-Test®) is reliable and accurate to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection. Best agreement was observed between CLIA and LFIA assays (97 %; k = 0.936).
Background The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 has promoted the development of new serological tests that could be complementary to RT-PCR. Nevertheless, the assessment of clinical performances of available tests is urgently required as their use has just been initiated for diagnose. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the performance of three immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Methods Two automated immunoassays (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgG and Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG/IgA assays) and one lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA NG-Test® IgG-IgM COVID-19) were tested. 293 specimens were analyzed from patients with a positive RT-PCR response, from patients with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 but exhibiting a negative response to the RT-PCR detection test, and from control group specimens. Days since symptoms onset were collected from clinical information sheet associated with respiratory tract samples. Results Overall sensitivity for IgG was equivalent (around 80 %) for CLIA, ELISA and LFIA. Sensitivity for IgG detection, >14 days after onset of symptoms, was 100.0 % for all assays. Overall specificity for IgG was greater for CLIA and LFIA (more than 98 %) compared to ELISA (95.8 %). Specificity was significantly different between IgA ELISA (78.9 %) and IgM LFIA (95.8 %) (p < 0.05). The best agreement was observed between CLIA and LFIA assays (97 %; k = 0.936). Conclusion Excellent sensitivity for IgG detection was obtained >14 days after onset of symptoms for all immunoassays. Specificity was also excellent for IgG CLIA and IgG LFIA. Our study shows that NG-Test® is reliable and accurate for routine use in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nicol
- Virology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Caroline Lefeuvre
- Virology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory EA 3859, LUNAM, Angers, France
| | - Orianne Serri
- Virology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Adeline Pivert
- Virology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory EA 3859, LUNAM, Angers, France
| | - Françoise Joubaud
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Dubée
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France; Equipe ATIP AVENIR, CRCINA, INSERM, University of Nantes and Angers
| | - Achille Kouatchet
- Medical Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Alexandra Ducancelle
- Virology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory EA 3859, LUNAM, Angers, France
| | - Françoise Lunel-Fabiani
- Virology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory EA 3859, LUNAM, Angers, France
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Bellmunt JM, Caylà JA, Millet JP. [Contact tracing in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The fundamental role of Primary Health Care and Public Health]. Semergen 2020; 46 Suppl 1:55-64. [PMID: 32571677 PMCID: PMC7274580 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Con el objetivo de favorecer la rápida identificación de los contactos de pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2 y por tanto el control de la pandemia, se revisaron diferentes metodologías y recomendaciones sobre estudio de contactos (EECC) aplicables a la Atención Primaria (AP) y a la Salud Pública (SP): artículos en Pubmed sobre COVID-19 y EECC, definiciones de contacto en documentos oficiales, el sistema clásico de EECC en tuberculosis (TB), informaciones sobre apps para EECC y el papel de las pruebas diagnósticas. Para establecer medidas de prevención y control eficientes, se precisa actuar siempre bajo sospecha clínica, diagnóstico y aislamiento precoz de los casos y de los contactos y su seguimiento. El modelo clásico de EECC en TB es aplicable a esta nueva infección pero acelerando el proceso dado su carácter agudo y su potencial gravedad. Es imprescindible una buena coordinación entre AP y SP y disponer de recursos suficientes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bellmunt
- ABS Barceloneta, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili. Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Unidad de Investigación en Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - J A Caylà
- Fundación de la Unidad de Investigación en Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - J P Millet
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Serveis Clínics, Barcelona. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España
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34
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De Vriese AS, Reynders M. IgG Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Viral RNA Persistence in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 76:440-441. [PMID: 32512038 PMCID: PMC7273159 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An S De Vriese
- Division of Nephrology and Infectious Diseases, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Brugge, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marijke Reynders
- Division of Medical Microbiology, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Brugge, Belgium
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Van Elslande J, Houben E, Depypere M, Brackenier A, Desmet S, André E, Van Ranst M, Lagrou K, Vermeersch P. Diagnostic performance of seven rapid IgG/IgM antibody tests and the Euroimmun IgA/IgG ELISA in COVID-19 patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1082-1087. [PMID: 32473953 PMCID: PMC7255746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic performance of seven rapid IgG/IgM tests and the Euroimmun IgA/IgG ELISA for antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in COVID-19 patients. METHODS Specificity was evaluated in 103 samples collected before January 2020. Sensitivity and time to seropositivity was evaluated in 167 samples from 94 patients with COVID-19 confirmed with RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swab. RESULTS Specificity (confidence interval) of lateral flow assays (LFAs) was ≥91.3% (84.0-95.5) for IgM, ≥90.3% (82.9-94.8) for IgG, and ≥85.4% (77.2-91.1) for the combination IgM OR IgG. Specificity of the ELISA was 96.1% (90.1-98.8) for IgG and only 73.8% (64.5-81.4) for IgA. Sensitivity 14-25 days after the onset of symptoms was between ≥92.1% (78.5-98.0) and 100% (95.7-100) for IgG LFA compared to 89.5% (75.3-96.4) for IgG ELISA. Positivity of IgM OR IgG for LFA resulted in a decrease in specificity compared to IgG alone without a gain in diagnostic performance, except for VivaDiag. The results for IgM varied significantly between the LFAs with an average overall agreement of only 70% compared to 89% for IgG. The average dynamic trend to seropositivity for IgM was not shorter than for IgG. At the time of hospital admission the sensitivity of LFA was <60%. CONCLUSIONS Sensitivity for the detection of IgG antibodies 14-25 days after the onset of symptoms was ≥92.1% for all seven LFAs compared to 89.5% for the IgG ELISA. The results for IgM varied significantly, and including IgM antibodies in addition to IgG for the interpretation of LFAs did not improve the diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Van Elslande
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Houben
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Depypere
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - S Desmet
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E André
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Van Ranst
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology (Rega Institute), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Lagrou
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Vermeersch
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Meireles LR, da Silva AMF, Carvalho CA, Kesper N, Galisteo AJ, Soares CP, Araujo DB, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL, Morganti L, Chura-Chambi RM, de Andrade HF. Natural versus Recombinant Viral Antigens in SARS-CoV-2 Serology: Challenges in Optimizing Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e2290. [PMID: 33331401 PMCID: PMC7690966 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 is a public health emergency of international concern whose detection in recovered asymptomatic patients is dependent on accurate diagnosis as it enables the estimation of the susceptibility of the population to the infection. This demand has resulted in the development of several commercial assays employing recombinant proteins, but the results of these assays are not reliable as they do not involve comparison with natural viral antigens. We independently used the SARS-CoV-2 whole viral antigen (WVA) and recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rNP) to develop in-house ELISAs for IgG detection; the results of these ELISAs were then compared to obtain reliable results. METHODS WVA and rNP ELISAs were performed on COVID-19 negative sera from patients before the pandemic in Brazil, and on RT-qPCR-positive or SARS-CoV-2-IgG against rNP and IgG against WVA-positive samples from recently infected patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS Both ELISAs detected a large fraction of infected patients but exhibited certain drawbacks. Higher signals and lower numbers of false-negatives were observed in rNP ELISA; however, a higher fraction of false-positives was observed in control groups. A high number of false-negatives was observed with WVA ELISA. Correlating the results of rNP and WVA ELISAs resulted in improved performance for COVID-19 diagnosis. CONCLUSION The choice of antigen is an important aspect in optimizing the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. The use of rNP ELISA for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies seems promising, but comparison of the results with those of WVA ELISA is crucial for accurate test development prior to commercialization. IgG serology using several assays, and with the spectral patterns of SARS-CoV-2, resulted in confusing information that must be clarified before the establishment of diagnostic serology criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Regina Meireles
- Laboratorio de Protozoologia do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Angélica Moura Freixeira da Silva
- Laboratorio de Protozoologia do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Camila Aparecida Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Protozoologia do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Norival Kesper
- Laboratorio de Protozoologia do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Andrés Jimenez Galisteo
- Laboratorio de Protozoologia do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Camila Pereira Soares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (ICB-USP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Danielle Bastos Araujo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (ICB-USP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (ICB-USP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Plataforma Cientifica Pasteur - USP, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (ICB-USP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Lígia Morganti
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Centro de Biotecnologia, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Rosa Maria Chura-Chambi
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Centro de Biotecnologia, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Heitor Franco de Andrade
- Laboratorio de Protozoologia do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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