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Chuan J, Li W, Pan S, Jiang Z, Shi J, Yang Z. Progress in the development of modulators targeting Frizzleds. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107286. [PMID: 38936522 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The Frizzleds (FZDs) receptors on the cell surface belong to the class F of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are the major receptors of WNT protein that mediates the classical WNT signaling pathway and other non-classical pathways. Besides, the FZDs also play a core role in tissue regeneration and tumor occurrence. With the structure and mechanism of FZDs activation becoming clearer, a series of FZDs modulators (inhibitors and agonists) have been developed, with the hope of bringing benefits to the treatment of cancer and degenerative diseases. Most of the FZDs inhibitors (small molecules, antibodies or designed protein inhibitors) block WNT signaling through binding to the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of FZDs. Several small molecules impede FZDs activation by targeting to the third intracellular domain or the transmembrane domain of FZDs. However, three small molecules (FZM1.8, SAG1.3 and purmorphamine) activate the FZDs through direct interaction with the transmembrane domain. Another type of FZDs agonists are bivalent or tetravalent antibodies which activate the WNT signaling via inducing FZD-LRP5/6 heterodimerization. In this article, we reviewed the FZDs modulators reported in recent years, summarized the critical molecules' discovery processes and the elucidated relevant structural and pharmacological mechanisms. We believe the summaried molecular mechanisms of the relevant modulators could provide important guidance and reference for the future development of FZD modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Chuan
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Shengliu Pan
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Hematology Department, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
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Yao X, Zhan L, Yan Z, Li J, Kong L, Wang X, Xiao H, Jiang H, Huang C, Ouyang Y, Qian Y, Fan C. Non-electric bioelectrical analog strategy by a biophysical-driven nano-micro spatial anisotropic scaffold for regulating stem cell niche and tissue regeneration in a neuronal therapy. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:319-338. [PMID: 36380746 PMCID: PMC9640298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow regenerating rate and misdirected axonal growth are primary concerns that disturb the curative outcome of peripheral nerve repair. Biophysical intervention through nerve scaffolds can provide efficient, tunable and sustainable guidance for nerve regrowth. Herein, we fabricate the reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold characterized with anisotropic microfibers and oriented nanogrooves by electrospinning technique. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are seeded on the scaffolds in vitro and the viability, neural differentiation efficiency and neurotrophic potential are investigated. RGO/PCL conduits reprogram the phenotype of seeded cells and efficiently repair 15 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. In summary, biophysical cues on nerve scaffolds are key determinants to stem cell phenotype, and ADSC-seeded rGO/PCL oriented scaffolds are promising, controllable and sustainable approaches to enable peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhiwen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Huiquan Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuanming Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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3
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Fleming-de-Moraes CD, Rocha MR, Tessmann JW, de Araujo WM, Morgado-Diaz JA. Crosstalk between PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways promote colorectal cancer progression regardless of mutational status. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:1-13. [PMID: 35944058 PMCID: PMC9367664 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways play an important role in the acquisition of the malignant phenotype in cancer. However, there are few data regarding the role of the interplay between both pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. The mutational status and the clinicopathological characteristics of PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were accessed by bioinformatic analysis whereas that the impact of the interplay between the activity of both pathways to explain tumorigenic potential was performed in vitro using IGF-1 and Wnt3a treatments in CRC cell models. The mutational status of these pathways did not influence the survival of CRC patients, but an association between clinicopathological characteristics in patients with mutations in one, but not in both pathways was observed. A potentiating effect on the activation of both pathways and enhanced cellular migration and proliferation was observed when both pathways were activated simultaneously with IGF-1 and Wnt3a. In addition, these effects were hindered after pretreatment with LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor, suggesting some dependence between these two signaling cascades. Our findings show that, regardless of mutational status, there is an interplay between the activity of PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways that contributes to events related to CRC progression and that the reversal of such events using a PI3K inhibitor highlights the value of targeting these pathways for potential directed therapies in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Dejair Fleming-de-Moraes
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Murilo Ramos Rocha
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josiane Weber Tessmann
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wallace Martins de Araujo
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Andres Morgado-Diaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Regulation of neurotropic herpesvirus productive infection and latency-reactivation cycle by glucocorticoid receptor and stress-induced transcription factors. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 117:101-132. [PMID: 34420577 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurotropic α-herpesvirinae subfamily members, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), are important viral pathogens in their respective hosts. Following acute infection on mucosal surfaces, these viruses establish life-long latency in neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) and central nervous system. Chronic or acute stress (physiological or psychological) increases the frequency of reactivation from latency, which leads to virus shedding, virus transmission, and recurrent disease. While stress impairs immune responses and inflammatory signaling cascades, we predict stressful stimuli directly stimulate viral gene expression and productive infection during early stages of reactivation from latency. For example, BoHV-1 and HSV-1 productive infection is impaired by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists but is stimulated by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone. Promoters that drive expression of key viral transcriptional regulatory proteins are cooperatively stimulated by GR and specific Krüppel like transcription factors (KLF) induced during stress induced reactivation from latency. The BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 promoter and contains two GR response elements (GRE) that are essential for cooperative transactivation by GR and KLF15. Conversely, the HSV-1 infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) and ICP4 promoter as well as the BoHV-1 ICP0 early promoter lack consensus GREs: however, these promoters are cooperatively transactivated by GR and KLF4 or KLF15. Hence, growing evidence suggests GR and stress-induced transcription factors directly stimulate viral gene expression and productive infection during early stages of reactivation from latency. We predict the immune inhibitory effects of stress enhance virus spread at late stages during reactivation from latency.
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Li X, Huang K, Liu X, Ruan H, Ma L, Liang J, Cui Y, Wang Y, Wu S, Li H, Wei Y, Li Z, Gao J, Yang B, Li X, Yang G, Zhou H, Yang C. Ellagic Acid Attenuates BLM-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Inhibiting Wnt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639574. [PMID: 33912053 PMCID: PMC8072668 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease with high mortality and limited therapy that is characterized by epithelial cell damage and fibroblast activation. Ellagic acid is a natural polyphenol compound widely found in fruits and nuts that has multiple pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the potential effects and mechanisms of Ellagic acid on pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. In vivo studies showed that Ellagic acid significantly alleviated bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro experiments indicated that Ellagic acid could suppress Wnt signaling and attenuate Wnt3a-induced myofibroblast activation and the phosphorylation of Erk2 and Akt. Further studies showed that Ellagic acid could induce autophagy formation in myofibroblasts mainly by suppressing mTOR signaling and promoting apoptosis of myofibroblasts. In vivo experiments revealed that Ellagic acid significantly inhibited myofibroblast activation and promoted autophagy formation. Taken together, our results show that Ellagic acid effectively attenuates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by suppressing myofibroblast activation and promoting autophagy and apoptosis of myofibroblasts by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunyao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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6
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Inhibition of Stress-Induced Viral Promoters by a Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Non-Coding RNA and the Cellular Transcription Factor, β-Catenin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020519. [PMID: 33430186 PMCID: PMC7825607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to establish, maintain, and reactivate from latency in sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) is crucial for bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) transmission. In contrast to lytic infection, the only viral gene abundantly expressed during latency is the latency-related (LR) gene. The synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induces reactivation from latency, in part because the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivates viral promoters that drive expression of key viral transcriptional regulator proteins (bICP0 and bICP4). Within hours after dexamethasone treatment of latently infected calves, LR gene products and β-catenin are not readily detected in TG neurons. Hence, we hypothesized that LR gene products and/or β-catenin restrict GR-mediated transcriptional activation. A plasmid expressing LR RNA sequences that span open reading frame 2 (ORF2-Stop) inhibited GR-mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter activity in mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2A). ORF2-Stop also reduced productive infection and GR steady-state protein levels in transfected Neuro-2A cells. Additional studies revealed that the constitutively active β-catenin mutant reduced the transactivation of the IEtu1 promoter by GR and dexamethasone. Collectively, these studies suggest ORF2 RNA sequences and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway actively promote maintenance of latency, in part, by impairing GR-mediated gene expression.
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Specific Akt Family Members Impair Stress-Mediated Transactivation of Viral Promoters and Enhance Neuronal Differentiation: Important Functions for Maintaining Latency. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00901-20. [PMID: 32796067 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00901-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members such as bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establish and maintain lifelong latent infections in neurons. Following infection of ocular, oral, or nasal cavities, sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) are an important site for latency. Certain external stressors can trigger reactivation from latency, in part because activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stimulates productive infection and promoters that drive expression of key viral transcriptional regulators. The Akt serine/threonine protein kinase family is linked to maintaining latency. For example, Akt3 is detected in more TG neurons during BoHV-1 latency than in reactivation and uninfected calves. Furthermore, Akt signaling correlates with maintaining HSV-1 latency in certain neuronal models of latency. Finally, an active Akt protein kinase is crucial for the ability of the HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) to inhibit apoptosis in neuronal cell lines. Consequently, we hypothesized that viral and/or cellular factors impair stress-induced transcription and reduce the incidence of reactivation triggered by low levels of stress. New studies demonstrate that Akt1 and Akt2, but not Akt3, significantly reduced GR-mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) promoter, the HSV-1 infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) promoter, and the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (MMTV-LTR). Akt3, but not Akt1 or Akt2, significantly enhanced neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells, which correlates with repairing damaged neurons. These studies suggest that unique biological properties of the three Akt family members promote the maintenance of latency in differentiated neurons.IMPORTANCE External stressful stimuli are known to increase the incidence of reactivation of Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members. Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone (DEX) stimulates bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reactivation. Furthermore, GR and dexamethasone stimulate productive infection and promoters that drive expression of viral transcriptional regulators. These observations lead us to predict that stress-induced transcription is impaired by factors abundantly expressed during latency. Interestingly, activation of the Akt family of serine/threonine protein kinases is linked to maintenance of latency. New studies reveal that Akt1 and Ak2, but not Akt3, impaired GR- and dexamethasone-mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 and HSV-1 ICP0 promoters. Strikingly, Akt3, but not Akt1 or Akt2, stimulated neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells, a requirement for neurogenesis. These studies provide insight into how Akt family members may promote the maintenance of lifelong latency.
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Dong J, Xu X, Zhang Q, Yuan Z, Tan B. The PI3K/AKT pathway promotes fracture healing through its crosstalk with Wnt/β-catenin. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112137. [PMID: 32534061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PI3K/AKT is one of the key pathways that regulate cell behaviors including apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. Although previous studies have demonstrated that this pathway is a crucial regulator of osteoblasts, the role of PI3K/AKT in fracture healing remains unclear. It is well known that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an essential role in bone regeneration. However, whether there exists crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT in regulating osteoblasts and bone repair has not been reported. To address these issues, we establish a stabilized fracture model in mice and show that PI3K inhibitor LY294002 substantially inhibits the bone healing process, suggesting that PI3K/AKT promotes fracture repair. More importantly, we report that PI3K/AKT increases phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 and phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser552 in fracture callus and murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, both of which lead to β-catenin stabilization, nuclear translocation, as well as β-catenin-mediated TCF-dependent transcription, suggesting that β-catenin is activated downstream of PI3K/AKT. Furthermore, we show that ICG001, the inhibitor of β-catenin transcriptional activity, attenuates PI3K/AKT-induced osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization, indicating that the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin axis is functional in regulating osteoblasts. Notably, the PI3K/AKT pathway is also activated by Wnt3a and is involved in Wnt3a-induced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Hence, our results reveal the existence of a Wnt/PI3K/AKT/β-catenin signaling nexus in osteoblasts, highlighting complex crosstalk between PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways that are critically implicated in fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shangdong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiqiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shangdong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, PR China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shangdong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, PR China
| | - Zenong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shangdong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, PR China
| | - Bingyi Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shangdong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, PR China.
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9
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Norrin maintains malignancy of gastric cancer cells in part through activating AKT signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:405-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Razak S, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Alam I, Jahan S. Growth inhibition and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells induced by Vitamin D-Nanoemulsion (NVD): involvement of Wnt/β-catenin and other signal transduction pathways. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:15. [PMID: 30733856 PMCID: PMC6359839 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than the two decades, the question of whether vitamin D has a role in cancer frequency, development, and death has been premeditated in detail. Colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers have been a scrupulous spot of center, altogether, these three malignancies report for approximately 35% of cancer cases and 20% of cancer demises in the United States, and as such are a chief public health apprehension. The aim was to evaluate antitumor activity of Vitamin D-Nanoemulsion (NVD) in colorectal cancer cell lines and HCT116 xenograft model in a comprehensive approach. METHODS Two human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 (gained from College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, KSA were grown. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide protocol were performed to show the impact of NVD and β-catenin inhibitor (FH535) on the viability of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. Apoptosis/cell cycle assay was performed. Analysis was done with a FACScan (Becton-Dickinson, NJ). About 10,000 cells per sample were harvested and Histograms of DNA were analyzed with ModiFitLT software (verity Software House, ME, USA). Western blotting and RT-PCR were performed for protein and gene expression respectively in in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that NVD induced cytotoxicity in colorectal cells in a dose-dependent manner and time dependent approach. Further, our data validated that NVD administration of human colorectal cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells resulted in cell growth arrest, alteration in molecules regulating cell cycle operative in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and apoptosis in a dose dependent approach. Further our results concluded that NVD administration decreases expression of β-catenin gene, AKT gene and Survivin gene and protein expression in in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that targeting β-catenin gene may encourage the alterations of cell cycle and cell cycle regulators. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway possibly takes part in the genesis and progression of colorectal cancer cells through regulating cell cycle and the expression of cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Razak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Zhu L, Jones C. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway stimulates herpes simplex virus 1 productive infection. Virus Res 2018; 256:29-37. [PMID: 30077727 PMCID: PMC6261341 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to replicate efficiently in differentiated cells is regulated by cellular factors that stimulate viral gene expression, cell survival, and viral morphogenesis. Activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway generally increases β-catenin protein levels, cell survival, and growth in dividing cells suggesting this important signaling pathway regulates productive infection. In this study, we demonstrated that a β-catenin specific small molecule inhibitor (iCRT14) reduced HSV-1 titers approximately 10-fold in primary human lung fibroblasts and Vero cells. Furthermore, β-catenin dependent transcription was increased at late times after infection and as expected iCRT14 reduced β-catenin dependent transcription. Although HSV-1 infection increased β-catenin steady state protein levels approximately 4-fold in Vero cells, there was only a nominal increase in human lung fibroblasts. We hypothesized that VP16 regulates β-catenin dependent transcription because VP16 is a viral regulatory protein expressed at late times after infection. In the absence of other viral proteins, VP16 increased β-catenin dependent transcription and β-catenin steady state protein levels. Collectively, these studies suggested the cellular transcription factor β-catenin stimulates productive infection, in part because VP16 enhances β-catenin dependent transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhu
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States; Yangzhou University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation, Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Clinton Jones
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States.
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Kisoh K, Hayashi H, Arai M, Orita M, Yuan B, Takagi N. Possible Involvement of PI3-K/Akt-Dependent GSK-3β Signaling in Proliferation of Neural Progenitor Cells After Hypoxic Exposure. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1946-1956. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Ye X, Cheng S, Dong Y, Ren J, Su L, Liu J, Zhou J, Liu Q, Zhu N. Exendin-4 promotes proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells through PI3K/Akt-Wnt signaling pathways. Neurosci Lett 2018; 685:196-202. [PMID: 29920298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation has emerged as a potential tool for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and skin wounds. However, with a limited renewal capacity and the need for mass cells during the engraftment, strategies are needed to enhance ADSC proliferative capacity. In this study, we explored the effects of Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, on the growth of ADSCs, focusing in particular on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) and Wnt signaling pathways. Firstly, ADSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. Then, flow cytometry demonstrated that ADSCs were positive for CD44, CD90 and CD29 but negative for CD31, CD34, and CD45. Exendin-4 (0-200 nM) treatment increased ADSC proliferation. In order to examine specific signaling pathways, a western blotting assay was performed. Our results demonstrate that after treated with 50 nM Exendin-4 for 48 h, the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and GSK3β were increased and phosphorylation of β-catenin was decreased. From these results, we concluded that PI3K-Akt and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways mediate Exendin-4 induced ADSC proliferation, the function of which might contribute to the regulation of ADSC proliferation. Our findings provided new insights into the function of the mechanisms underlying Exendin-4 of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Shimeng Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yabing Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Lina Su
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jianlan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Ningwen Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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14
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SPAG5 promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in bladder urothelial carcinoma by upregulating Wnt3 via activating the AKT/mTOR pathway and predicts poorer survival. Oncogene 2018; 37:3937-3952. [PMID: 29662193 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is involved in various biological processes. However, the roles of SPAG5 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) are unknown. This study showed that upregulation of SPAG5 was detected frequently in primary BUC tissues, and was associated with significantly worse survival among the 112 patients that underwent radical cystectomy (RC). Up and downregulating the expression of SPAG5 enhanced or inhibited, respectively, the proliferation of BUC cells in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed or enhanced, respectively, apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, SPAG5 increased the resistance of BUC cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that SPAG5 promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in BUC at least partially via upregulating Wnt3 through activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The importance of the SPAG5/AKT-mTOR/Wnt3 axis identified in BUC cell models was confirmed via immunohistochemical analysis of a cohort of human BUC specimens that underwent RC. Collectively, our data suggested that in patients with BUC who underwent RC, high SPAG5 expression is associated with poor survival. In addition, targeting SPAG5 might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the survival of patients with BUC.
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15
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Workman A, Zhu L, Keel BN, Smith TPL, Jones C. The Wnt Signaling Pathway Is Differentially Expressed during the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Latency-Reactivation Cycle: Evidence That Two Protein Kinases Associated with Neuronal Survival, Akt3 and BMPR2, Are Expressed at Higher Levels during Latency. J Virol 2018; 92:e01937-17. [PMID: 29321317 PMCID: PMC5972910 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01937-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of calves latently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) abundantly express latency-related (LR) gene products, including a protein (ORF2) and two micro-RNAs. Recent studies in mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2A) demonstrated ORF2 interacts with β-catenin and a β-catenin coactivator, high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) protein, which correlates with increased β-catenin-dependent transcription and cell survival. β-Catenin and HMGA1 are readily detected in a subset of latently infected TG neurons but not TG neurons from uninfected calves or reactivation from latency. Consequently, we hypothesized that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is differentially expressed during the latency and reactivation cycle and an active Wnt pathway promotes latency. RNA-sequencing studies revealed that 102 genes associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were differentially expressed in TG during the latency-reactivation cycle in calves. Wnt agonists were generally expressed at higher levels during latency, but these levels decreased during dexamethasone-induced reactivation. The Wnt agonist bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) was intriguing because it encodes a serine/threonine receptor kinase that promotes neuronal differentiation and inhibits cell death. Another differentially expressed gene encodes a protein kinase (Akt3), which is significant because Akt activity enhances cell survival and is linked to herpes simplex virus 1 latency and neuronal survival. Additional studies demonstrated ORF2 increased Akt3 steady-state protein levels and interacted with Akt3 in transfected Neuro-2A cells, which correlated with Akt3 activation. Conversely, expression of Wnt antagonists increased during reactivation from latency. Collectively, these studies suggest Wnt signaling cooperates with LR gene products, in particular ORF2, to promote latency.IMPORTANCE Lifelong BoHV-1 latency primarily occurs in sensory neurons. The synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induces reactivation from latency in calves. RNA sequencing studies revealed 102 genes associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are differentially regulated during the latency-reactivation cycle. Two protein kinases associated with the Wnt pathway, Akt3 and BMPR2, were expressed at higher levels during latency but were repressed during reactivation. Furthermore, five genes encoding soluble Wnt antagonists and β-catenin-dependent transcription inhibitors were induced during reactivation from latency. These findings are important because Wnt, BMPR2, and Akt3 promote neurogenesis and cell survival, processes crucial for lifelong viral latency. In transfected neuroblastoma cells, a viral protein expressed during latency (ORF2) interacts with and enhances Akt3 protein kinase activity. These findings provide insight into how cellular factors associated with the Wnt signaling pathway cooperate with LR gene products to regulate the BoHV-1 latency-reactivation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen Workman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Liqian Zhu
- Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Brittney N Keel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Timothy P L Smith
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Clinton Jones
- Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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Riccio G, Bottone S, La Regina G, Badolati N, Passacantilli S, Rossi GB, Accardo A, Dentice M, Silvestri R, Novellino E, Stornaiuolo M. A Negative Allosteric Modulator of WNT Receptor Frizzled 4 Switches into an Allosteric Agonist. Biochemistry 2018; 57:839-851. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Riccio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bottone
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Istituto
Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Badolati
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Passacantilli
- Istituto
Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Rossi
- Gastroenterology
and gastrointestinal endoscopy unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department
of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Istituto
Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Lee SK, Hwang JH, Choi KY. Interaction of the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways involving co-stabilization of both β-catenin and RAS plays important roles in the colorectal tumorigenesis. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 68:46-54. [PMID: 29449169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is usually driven by multiple genetic and molecular alterations rather than by a single defect. In the human colorectal cancer (CRC), series of mutations of genes are involved in the different stages of tumorigenesis. For example, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and KRAS mutations have been known to play roles in the initiation and progression of the tumorigenesis, respectively. However, many studies indicate that mutations of these two genes, which play roles in the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-extra-cellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, respectively, cooperatively interact in the tumorigenesis in several different cancer types including CRC. Both Apc and Kras mutations critically increase number and growth rate of tumors although single mutation of these genes does not significantly enhance the small intestinal tumorigenesis of mice. Both APC and KRAS mutations even result in the liver metastasis with inductions of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers in a mice xenograft model. In this review, we are going to describe the history for interaction between the Wnt/β-catenin and RAS/ERK pathways especially related with CRC, and provide the mechanical basis for the cross-talk between the two pathways. The highlight of the crosstalk involving the stability regulation of RAS protein via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling which is directly related with the cellular proliferation and transformation will be discussed. Activation status of GSK3β, a key enzyme involving both β-catenin and RAS degradations, is regulated by the status of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling dependent upon extracellular stimuli or intracellular abnormalities of the signaling components. The levels of both β-catenin and RAS proteins are co-regulated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and these proteins are overexpressed with a positive correlation in the tumor tissues of CRC patients. These results indicate that the elevation of both β-catenin and RAS proteins is pathologically significant in CRC. In this review, we also will discuss further involvement of the increments of both β-catenin and RAS especially mutant KRAS in the activation of CSCs and metastasis. Overall, the increments of β-catenin and RAS especially mutant KRAS by APC loss play important roles in the cooperative tumorigenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kyu Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ha Hwang
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Riccio G, Maisto M, Bottone S, Badolati N, Rossi GB, Tenore GC, Stornaiuolo M, Novellino E. WNT Inhibitory Activity of Malus Pumila miller cv Annurca and Malus domestica cv Limoncella Apple Extracts on Human Colon-Rectal Cells Carrying Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Mutations. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111262. [PMID: 29156563 PMCID: PMC5707734 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the Wingless-related Integration site (WNT)/β-catenin pathway have recently been under consideration as potential chemopreventive agents against Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). This autosomal-dominant syndrome is caused by germline mutations in the gene coding for the protein APC and leads to hyperactivation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, uncontrolled intestinal cell proliferation and formation of adenocarcinomas. The aim of the present work was to: (i) test, on in vitro cultures of cells carrying FAP mutations and on ex vivo biopsies of FAP patients, the WNT inhibitory activity of extracts from two common southern Italian apples, Malus pumila Miller cv. 'Annurca' and Malus domestica cv 'Limoncella'; (ii) identify the mechanisms underpinning their activities and; (iii) evaluate their potency upon gastrointestinal digestion. We here show that both Annurca and Limoncella apple extracts act as WNT inhibitors, mostly thanks to their polyphenolic contents. They inhibit the pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations with active dilutions falling in ranges close to consumer-relevant concentrations. Food-grade manufacturing of apple extracts increases their WNT inhibitory activity as result of the conversion of quercetin glycosides into the aglycone quercetin, a potent WNT inhibitor absent in the fresh fruit extract. However, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion severely affected WNT inhibitory activity of apple extracts, as result of a loss of polyphenols. In conclusion, our results show that apple extracts inhibit the WNT pathway in colon cells carrying FAP mutations and represent a potential nutraceutical alternative for the treatment of this pathology. Enteric coating is advisable to preserve the activity of the extracts in the colon-rectal section of the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Riccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sara Bottone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nadia Badolati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Battista Rossi
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Nayeem SB, Arfuso F, Dharmarajan A, Keelan JA. Role of Wnt signalling in early pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:525-44. [PMID: 25190280 DOI: 10.1071/rd14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of a complex network of signalling molecules promotes implantation of the blastocyst and development of the placenta. These processes are crucial for a successful pregnancy and fetal growth and development. The signalling network involves both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix communication. The family of secreted glycoprotein ligands, the Wnts, plays a major role in regulating a wide range of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell fate, proliferation, migration, stem cell maintenance, tumour suppression, oncogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have provided evidence that Wnt signalling pathways play an important role in reproductive tissues and in early pregnancy events. The focus of this review is to summarise our present knowledge of expression, regulation and function of the Wnt signalling pathways in early pregnancy events of human and other model systems, and its association with pathological conditions. Despite our recent progress, much remains to be learned about Wnt signalling in human reproduction. The advancement of knowledge in this area has applications in the reduction of infertility and the incidence and morbidity of gestational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmah B Nayeem
- School of Women's and Infant's Health, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- School of Women's and Infant's Health, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
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20
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Yoshizawa Y, Ochiai-Shino H, Tsukinowa T, Onodera S, Muramatsu T, Furusawa M, Azuma T. The Comparison between Single vs Repeated Administration of Wnt3A of HPDL Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuusei Yoshizawa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Takashi Tsukinowa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Masahiro Furusawa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
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21
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Lan A, Du J. Potential role of Akt signaling in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:385-94. [PMID: 24891436 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, particularly tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is the common final outcome of almost all chronic kidney diseases. However, the mechanisms involved in the development of renal fibrosis are poorly understood. The Akt (also known as protein kinase B, PKB) family is serine/threonine protein kinases that play critical roles in regulating growth, proliferation, survival, metabolism and other cellular activities. Cytokines, high-glucose medium, transforming growth factor-β1 or advanced glycation end-products activate Akt in different renal cells. Increased Akt activation has been found in experimental tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, Akt activation is also an important node in diverse signaling cascades involved in kidney damage. These data give evidence for a role for Akt in renal fibrosis, but no reviews are available on the role of Akt in the process. Thus, our aim is to review the role of Akt activation and signaling in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Du
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
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22
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Meinhardt G, Haider S, Haslinger P, Proestling K, Fiala C, Pollheimer J, Knöfler M. Wnt-dependent T-cell factor-4 controls human etravillous trophoblast motility. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1908-20. [PMID: 24605829 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Formation of migratory extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) is critical for human placentation and hence embryonic development. However, key regulatory growth factors, hormones, and nuclear proteins controlling the particular differentiation process remain poorly understood. Here, the role of the Wingless (Wnt)-dependent transcription factor T-cell factor-4 (TCF-4) in proliferation and motility was investigated using different trophoblast cell models. Immunofluorescence of first-trimester placental tissues revealed induction of TCF-4 and nuclear recruitment of its coactivator β-catenin in nonproliferating EVTs, whereas membrane-associated β-catenin decreased upon differentiation. In addition, EVTs expressed the TCF-4/β-catenin coactivator Pygopus 2 as well as repressors of the Groucho/transducin-like enhancer of split family. Western blotting revealed Pygopus 2 expression and up-regulation of integrin α1 and nuclear TCF-4 in purified first-trimester cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) differentiating on fibronectin. Concomitantly, elevated TCF-4 mRNA, quantitated by real-time PCR, and increased TCF-dependent luciferase reporter activity were noticed in EVTs of villous explant cultures and differentiated primary CTBs. Gene silencing using specific small interfering RNA decreased TCF-4 transcript and protein levels, TCF-dependent reporter activity as well as basal and Wnt3a-stimulated migration of trophoblastic SGHPL-5 cells and primary CTBs through fibronectin-coated transwells. In contrast, proliferation of SGHPL-5 cells and primary cells, measured by cumulative cell numbers and 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine labeling, respectively, was not affected. Moreover, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of TCF-4 in primary CTBs diminished markers of the differentiated EVT, such as integrin α1 and α5, Snail1, and Notch2. In summary, the data suggest that Wnt/TCF-4-dependent signaling could play a role in EVT differentiation promoting motility and expression of promigratory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Meinhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine (G.M., S.H., P.H., J.P., M.K.), Reproductive Biology Unit, and Department of Gynecology (K.P.), Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; and Gynmed Clinic (C.F.), A-1150 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Fuentes-Calvo I, Crespo P, Santos E, López-Novoa JM, Martínez-Salgado C. The small GTPase N-Ras regulates extracellular matrix synthesis, proliferation and migration in fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2734-2744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Bernis ME, Oksdath M, Dupraz S, Nieto Guil A, Fernández MM, Malchiodi EL, Rosso SB, Quiroga S. Wingless-type family member 3A triggers neuronal polarization via cross-activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:194. [PMID: 24298236 PMCID: PMC3829478 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial axonal elongation is essential for neuronal polarization and requires polarized activation of IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1r) and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3k) pathway. Wingless-type family growth factors (Wnts) have also been implied in the regulation of axonal development. It is not known, however, if Wnts have any participation in the regulation of initial axonal outgrowth and the establishment of neuronal polarity. We used cultured hippocampal neurons and growth cone particles (GCPs) isolated from fetal rat brain to show that stimulation with the wingless family factor 3A (Wnt3a) was sufficient to promote neuronal polarization in the absence of IGF-1 or high insulin. We also show that Wnt3a triggered a strong activation of IGF-1r, PI3k, and Akt in developmental Stage 2 neurons and that the presence of activatable IGF-1r and PI3k activation were necessary for Wnt3a polarizing effects. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments show that Wnt3a did not bind specifically to the IGF-1r. Using crosslinking and immuno-precipitation experiments, we show that stimulation with Wnt3a triggered the formation of a complex including IGF-1r-Wnt3a-Frizzled-7. We conclude that Wnt3a triggers polarization of neurons via cross-activation of the IGF-1r/PI3k pathway upon binding to Fz7.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Bernis
- Departamento de Química Biológica-CIQUIBIC, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET , Córdoba, Argentina
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Placental trophoblast cell differentiation: Physiological regulation and pathological relevance to preeclampsia. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:981-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Knöfler M, Pollheimer J. Human placental trophoblast invasion and differentiation: a particular focus on Wnt signaling. Front Genet 2013; 4:190. [PMID: 24133501 PMCID: PMC3783976 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless ligands, a family of secreted proteins, are critically involved in organ development and tissue homeostasis by ensuring balanced rates of stem cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation. Wnt signaling components also play crucial roles in murine placental development controlling trophoblast lineage determination, chorioallantoic fusion and placental branching morphogenesis. However, the role of the pathway in human placentation, trophoblast development and differentiation is only partly understood. Here, we summarize our present knowledge about Wnt signaling in the human placenta and discuss its potential role in physiological and aberrant trophoblast invasion, gestational diseases and choriocarcinoma formation. Differentiation of proliferative first trimester cytotrophoblasts into invasive extravillous trophoblasts is associated with nuclear recruitment of β -catenin and induction of Wnt-dependent T-cell factor 4 suggesting that canonical Wnt signaling could be important for the formation and function of extravillous trophoblasts. Indeed, activation of the pathway was shown to promote trophoblast invasion in different in vitro trophoblast model systems as well as trophoblast cell fusion. Methylation-mediated silencing of inhibitors of Wnt signaling provided evidence for epigenetic activation of the pathway in placental tissues and choriocarcinoma cells. Similarly, abundant nuclear expression of β -catenin in invasive trophoblasts of complete hydatidiform moles suggested a role for hyper-activated Wnt signaling. In contrast, upregulation of Wnt inhibitors was noticed in placentae of women with preeclampsia, a disease characterized by shallow trophoblast invasion and incomplete spiral artery remodeling. Moreover, changes in Wnt signaling have been observed upon cytomegalovirus infection and in recurrent abortions. In summary, the current literature suggests a critical role of Wnt signaling in physiological and abnormal trophoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna Austria
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Soluble VCAM-1 Alters Lipid Phosphatase Activity in Epicardial Mesothelial Cells: Implications for Lipid Signaling During Epicardial Formation. J Dev Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/jdb1020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chen JB, Liu WJ, Che H, Liu J, Sun HY, Li GR. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate up-regulates proliferation of human cardiac fibroblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1140-50. [PMID: 22224416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ATP is a potent signalling molecule that regulates biological activities including increasing or decreasing proliferation in different types of cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate how ATP regulates the proliferation of human cardiac fibroblasts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, Western blot analysis, cell proliferation and migration assays were employed to investigate the effects of ATP on human adult ventricular fibroblasts. KEY RESULTS ATP increased cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, the P2X receptor agonist α,β-methylene ATP and P2Y receptor agonist ATP-γS also up-regulated cell proliferation. The P2 receptor antagonists suramin and reactive blue-2 prevented the ATP-induced increase in proliferation and RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that mRNAs of P2X(4/7) and P2Y(2) are abundant in cardiac fibroblasts. ATP increased phosphorylated PKB (Akt) and ERK1/2 levels; an effect antagonized by suramin, reactive blue-2, the PI3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, PKB inhibitor, API-2, and MAPK inhibitor, PD98059. These kinase inhibitors also prevented the ATP-induced increase in proliferation. In addition, ATP enhanced the progression of cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase by increasing the expression of proteins for cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Silencing the P2X(4/7) and P2Y(2) receptors with siRNA targeting the corresponding receptor diminished ATP-stimulated proliferation and migration of the cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION ATP activates P2X(4/7) and P2Y(2) receptors and up-regulates the proliferation of human cardiac fibroblasts by promoting cell cycling progression. It also increases the migration of these cells. These effects of ATP may be involved in cardiac remodelling of injured hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Chen
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor (D2DR) regulates Akt and may also target the Wnt pathway, two signalling cascades that inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). This study examined whether the Wnt pathway is regulated by D2DR and the role of Akt and dishevelled-3 (Dvl-3) in regulating GSK-3 and the transcription factor β-catenin in the rat brain. Western blotting showed that subchronic treatment of raclopride (D2DR antagonist) increase phosphorylated Akt, Dvl-3, GSK-3, phosphorylated GSK-3 and β-catenin, whereas subchronic treatment of quinpirole (D2DR agonist) induced the opposite response. Co-immunopreciptations revealed an association between GSK-3 and the D2DR complex that was altered following raclopride and quinpirole, albeit in opposite directions. SCH23390 (D1DR antagonist) and nafadotride (D3DR antagonist) were also used to determine if the response was specific to the D2DR. Neither subchronic treatment affected Dvl-3, GSK-3, Akt nor β-catenin protein levels, although nafadotride altered the phosphorylation state of Akt and GSK-3. In addition, in-vitro experiments were conducted to manipulate Akt and Dvl-3 activity in SH-SY5Y cells to elucidate how the pattern of change observed following manipulation of D2DR developed. Results indicate that Akt affects the phosphorylation state of GSK-3 but has no effect on β-catenin levels. However, altering Dvl-3 levels resulted in changes in Akt and the Wnt pathway similar to what was observed following raclopride or quinpirole treatment. Collectively, the data suggests that the D2DR very specifically regulates Wnt and Akt signalling via Dvl-3.
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Lee JS, Hur MW, Lee SK, Choi WI, Kwon YG, Yun CO. A novel sLRP6E1E2 inhibits canonical Wnt signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in lung cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36520. [PMID: 22606268 PMCID: PMC3351461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway contributes to human cancer progression. Antagonists that interfere with Wnt ligand/receptor interactions can be useful in cancer treatments. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of a soluble Wnt receptor decoy in cancer gene therapy. We designed a Wnt antagonist sLRP6E1E2, and generated a replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad), dE1-k35/sLRP6E1E2, and a replication-competent oncolytic Ad, RdB-k35/sLRP6E1E2, both expressing sLRP6E1E2. sLRP6E1E2 prevented Wnt-mediated stabilization of cytoplasmic β-catenin, decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling and cell proliferation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways. sLRP6E1E2 induced apoptosis, cytochrome c release, and increased cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. sLRP6E1E2 suppressed growth of the human lung tumor xenograft, and reduced motility and invasion of cancer cells. In addition, sLRP6E1E2 upregulated expression of epithelial marker genes, while sLRP6E1E2 downregulated mesenchymal marker genes. Taken together, sLRP6E1E2, by inhibiting interaction between Wnt and its receptor, suppressed Wnt-induced cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man-Wook Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Kyung Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Dan L, Klimenkova O, Klimiankou M, Klusman JH, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Reinhardt D, Welte K, Skokowa J. The role of sirtuin 2 activation by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in the aberrant proliferation and survival of myeloid leukemia cells. Haematologica 2011; 97:551-9. [PMID: 22207684 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.055236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase have recently been validated as therapeutic targets in leukemia, but the mechanism of leukemogenic transformation downstream of this enzyme is unclear. DESIGN AND METHODS Here, we evaluated whether nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase's effects on aberrant proliferation and survival of myeloid leukemic cells are dependent on sirtuin and delineated the downstream signaling pathways operating during this process. RESULTS We identified significant upregulation of sirtuin 2 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase levels in primary acute myeloid leukemia blasts compared to in hematopoietic progenitor cells from healthy individuals. Importantly, specific inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase or sirtuin 2 significantly reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary blasts. Intriguingly, we found that protein kinase B/AKT could be deacetylated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and sirtuin 2. The anti-leukemic effects of the inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase or sirtuin 2 were accompanied by acetylation of protein kinase B/AKT with subsequent inhibition by dephosphorylation. This leads to activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β via diminished phosphorylation and, ultimately, inactivation of β-catenin by phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide strong evidence that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and sirtuin 2 participate in the aberrant proliferation and survival of leukemic cells, and suggest that the protein kinase B/AKT/ glycogen synthase kinase-3 β/β-catenin pathway is a target for inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase or sirtuin 2 and, thereby, leukemia cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dan
- Department of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Fuentes-Calvo I, Blázquez-Medela AM, Eleno N, Santos E, López-Novoa JM, Martínez-Salgado C. H-Ras isoform modulates extracellular matrix synthesis, proliferation, and migration in fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C686-97. [PMID: 22094331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00103.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ras GTPases are ubiquitous plasma membrane transducers of extracellular stimuli. In addition to their role as oncogenes, Ras GTPases are key regulators of cell function. Each of the Ras isoforms exhibits specific modulatory activity on different cellular pathways. This has prompted researchers to determine the pathophysiological roles of each isoform. There is a proven relationship between the signaling pathways of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Ras GTPases. To assess the individual role of H-Ras oncogene in basal and TGF-β1-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, proliferation, and migration in fibroblasts, we analyzed these processes in embryonic fibroblasts obtained from H-Ras knockout mice (H-ras(-/-)). We found that H-ras(-/-) fibroblasts exhibited a higher basal phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activation than wild-type (WT) fibroblasts, whereas MEK/ERK 1/2 activation was similar in both types of cells. Fibronectin and collagen synthesis were higher in H-ras(-/-) fibroblasts and proliferation was lower in H-ras(-/-) than in WT fibroblasts. Moreover, H-Ras appeared indispensable to maintain normal fibroblast motility, which was highly restricted in H-ras(-/-) cells. These results suggest that H-Ras (through downregulation of PI3K/Akt activation) could modulate fibroblast activity by reducing ECM synthesis and upregulating both proliferation and migration. TGF-β1 strongly increased ERK and Akt activation in WT but not in H-ras(-/-) fibroblasts, suggesting that H-Ras is necessary to increase ERK 1/2 activation and to maintain PI3K downregulation in TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblasts. TGF-β1 stimulated ECM synthesis and proliferation, although ECM synthesis was higher and proliferation lower in H-ras(-/-) than in WT fibroblasts. Hence, H-Ras activation seems to play a key role in the regulation of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fuentes-Calvo
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto “Reina Sofía” de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Cajanek L, Adlerz L, Bryja V, Arenas E. WNT unrelated activities in commercially available preparations of recombinant WNT3a. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1077-9. [PMID: 20665540 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
WNT signaling pathways play an important role in both development and disease. By analyzing the signaling capabilities of commercially available WNT3a preparations towards the PI3K/AKT/GSK3 signaling pathway, we discovered unexpected inconsistencies from lot to lot of recombinant WNT3a. We provide evidence that: (1) The ability to trigger AKT/GSK3 signaling varies dramatically between different lots of WNT3a, without any variation in their ability to activate the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling. (2) sFRP1, a WNT signaling inhibitor, is unable to interfere with the activation of AKT/GSK3 signaling induced by some of the WNT3a lots. (3) Pharmacological inhibition of AKT/GSK3 phosphorylation by PI3K inhibitors fails to affect the stabilization of β-catenin, the central effector of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, while all tested lots of recombinant WNT3a activated WNT/β-catenin pathway, our results suggest that individual lots of recombinant WNT3a activate the PI3K/AKT/GSK3 pathway in a WNT-independent manner, hampering thus the analysis of regulation of PI3K/AKT/GSK3 by WNT ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Cajanek
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Lu Y, Liu S, Zhang S, Cai G, Jiang H, Su H, Li X, Hong Q, Zhang X, Chen X. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 promotes NIH3T3 fibroblast proliferation by activating p-Akt and cell cycle progression. Mol Cells 2011; 31:225-30. [PMID: 21350939 PMCID: PMC3932703 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) plays various roles in cell growth in different cell types. However, few studies have focused on TIMP-1's effect on fibroblast cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of TIMP-1 overexpression on NIH3T3 fibroblast proliferation and potential transduction signaling pathways involved. Overexpression of TIMP-1, by transfection of the pLenti6/V5-DESTTIMP-1 plasmid, significantly promoted NIH3T3 proliferation as determined by the BrdU array. Neither 5 nor 15 nM GM6001 (matrix metalloproteinase system inhibitor) affected NIH3T3 proliferation, but 45 nM GM6001 inhibited proliferation. TIMP-1 overexpression activated the p-Akt pathway, but not the p-ERK or p-p38 pathway. In TIMP-1-transfected cells, cyclinD1 was upregulated and p21CIP1 and p27(KIP1) were downregulated, which promoted cell entry into the S and G2/M phases. The PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 abolished the TIMP-1-induced effects. Overexpression of intracellular TIMP-1 stimulated NIH3T3 fibroblast proliferation in a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-independent manner by activating the p-Akt pathway and related cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shujia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Hospital of Haerbin, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huabin Su
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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Luo F, Poulogiannis G, Ye H, Hamoudi R, Zhang W, Dong G, Arends MJ. Mutant K-ras promotes carcinogen-induced murine colorectal tumourigenesis, but does not alter tumour chromosome stability. J Pathol 2010; 223:390-9. [PMID: 21171084 DOI: 10.1002/path.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
K-ras (KRAS) mutations are observed in around 40% of human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Previously, we developed and characterized a strain of transgenic mice with inducible intestinal epithelial expression of K-ras{Val12} via a Cre/LoxP system. To evaluate the influence of mutant K-ras on carcinogen-induced colorectal tumourigenesis, we induced neoplastic alterations in the large intestines of wild-type and K-ras{Val12} mice using the colon-selective carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), which has been widely used to induce colorectal tumours that are histopathologically similar to those observed in humans. K-ras{Val12} expression significantly promoted DMH-induced colorectal tumourigenesis: the average lifespan of the mice decreased from 38.52 ± 1.97 weeks for 40 control mice to 32.42 ± 2.17 weeks for 26 K-ras{Val12} mice (mean ± SEM, p < 0.05) and the abundance of large intestinal tumours increased from 2.27 ± 0.15 per control mouse to 3.85 ± 0.20 in K-ras{Val12} mice (mean ± SEM, p < 0.01). Adenomas from DMH-treated K-ras{Val12} mice showed significantly higher proportions of Ki-67-positive proliferating cells (10.9 ± 0.69%) compared with those from DMH-treated wild-type mice (7.77 ± 0.47%) (mean ± SEM, p < 0.01) and a mild increase in apoptotic nuclei staining for cleaved caspase-3 (1.94 ± 0.21% compared with 1.15 ± 0.14%, mean ± SEM, p < 0.01). In the adenomas from DMH-treated K-ras{Val12} mice, K-ras{Val12} transgene recombination and expression were confirmed, with immunohistochemical evidence of strong Erk/MapK and mild PI3K/Akt pathway activation compared with adenomas from DMH-treated wild-type mice. Microarray hybridization and clustering analysis demonstrated different expression profiles in adenomas from DMH-treated wild-type and DMH-treated K-ras{Val12} mice, indicating involvement of different molecular mechanisms including Erk/MapK and PI3K/Akt signalling in K-ras{Val12}-expressing adenomas. Array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis showed chromosome stability in both cohorts, with only a very few tiny alterations observed in one adenoma from a DMH-treated K-ras{Val12} mouse. Taken together, these data show that mutant K-ras significantly promotes DMH-induced colorectal tumourigenesis, resulting in distinct changes in cell signalling and proliferation, but does not alter chromosome stability in the tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijun Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Asciutti S, Akiri G, Grumolato L, Vijayakumar S, Aaronson SA. Diverse mechanisms of Wnt activation and effects of pathway inhibition on proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2010; 30:956-66. [PMID: 21042278 PMCID: PMC3965355 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human gastric carcinomas are among the most treatment refractory epithelial malignancies. Increased understanding of the underlying molecular aberrations in such tumors could provide insights leading to improved therapeutic approaches. In this study, we characterized diverse genetic aberrations leading to constitutive Wnt signaling activation in a series of human gastric carcinoma cell lines. Downregulation of TCF signaling by stable transduction of dominant negative TCF-4 (DNTCF4) resulted in inhibition of proliferation in Wnt activated AGS tumor cells. c-Myc downregulation and the associated upregulation of its repression target, p21 observed in these tumor cells, as well as the profound growth inhibition induced by c-Myc shRNA implied their c-Myc addiction. In striking contrast, Wnt activated MKN-28 and MKN-74 tumor cells appeared refractory to DNTCF4 inhibition of proliferation despite comparably decreased c-Myc expression levels. The resistance of these same tumor cells to growth inhibition by c-Myc shRNA established that their refractoriness to DNTCF was due to their independence from c-Myc for proliferation. There was no correlation between this resistance phenotype and the presence or absence of constitutive MAPK and/or AKT pathway activation, commonly observed in gastrointestinal tumors. However, in both DNTCF sensitive and resistant tumor cells with MAPK and/or AKT pathway activation, the ability of small molecule antagonists directed against either pathway to inhibit tumor cell growth was enhanced by Wnt pathway inhibition. These findings support the concept that while certain Wnt activated tumors may escape c-Myc dependence for proliferation, disruption of other oncogenic pathways can unmask cooperative antiproliferative effects for Wnt pathway downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Asciutti
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Sonderegger S, Pollheimer J, Knöfler M. Wnt signalling in implantation, decidualisation and placental differentiation--review. Placenta 2010; 31:839-47. [PMID: 20716463 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The family of secreted Wingless ligands plays major roles in embryonic development, stem cell maintenance, differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the canonical Wnt pathway involving nuclear recruitment of β-catenin and activation of Wnt-dependent transcription factors is also critically involved in development and differentiation of the diverse reproductive tissues. Here, we summarise our present knowledge about expression, regulation and function of Wnt ligands and their frizzled receptors in murine and human endometrial and placental cell types. In mice, Wnt signalling promotes early trophoblast lineage development, blastocyst activation, implantation and chorion-allantois fusion. Moreover, different Wnt ligands play essential roles in the development of the murine uterine tract, in cycling endometrial cells and during decidualisation. In humans, estrogen-dependent endometrial cell proliferation, decidualisation, trophoblast attachment and invasion were shown to be controlled by the particular signalling pathway. Failures in Wnt signalling are associated with infertility, endometriosis, endometrial cancer and gestational diseases such as complete mole placentae and choriocarcinomas. However, our present knowledge is still scarce due to the complexity of the Wnt network involving numerous ligands, receptors and non-canonical pathways. Hence, much remains to be learned about the role of different Wnt signalling cascades in reproductive cell types and their changes under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sonderegger
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Song D, Liu X, Liu R, Yang L, Zuo J, Liu W. Connexin 43 hemichannel regulates H9c2 cell proliferation by modulating intracellular ATP and [Ca2+]. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:472-82. [PMID: 20705586 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43), known to be the main protein building blocks of gap junctions and hemichannels in mammalian heart, plays an important role in cardiocytes proliferation. Gap junctional intercellular communication has been suggested to be necessary for cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, the effect of Cx43 hemichannel on cardiocytes proliferation and the mechanism remain unclear. In this study, rat heart cell line H9c2 was used. The Cx43 location, the proliferation rate and hemichannel activity of H9c2 cells and Wnt-3a(+)-H9c2 cells were investigated and the changes of intracellular ATP and [Ca(2+)] were determined. Results showed that the inhibited hemichannel induced by 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) evoked intracellular ATP and [Ca(2+)] increase and enhanced H9c2 cell proliferation. Wnt-3a(+)-H9c2 cells displayed enhanced hemichannel activity and proliferation rate. Inhibited hemichannel of Wnt-3a(+)-H9c2 cells induced by 18beta-GA decreased intracellular ATP, increased [Ca(2+)], and enhanced the proliferation of H9c2 cells. This study validated the role of hemichannel in H9c2 cell proliferation regulation, and showed a mechanism involved in the regulation of H9c2 cell proliferation. The proliferation could be enhanced by Cx43 hemichannel-mediated ATP release accompanying intracellular [Ca(2+)] change. However, different changes of ATP were observed in Wnt-3a(+)-H9c2 cells. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of proliferation regulation in H9c2 cells and the effect of Wnt-3a on intracellular ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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39
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Gujral TS, MacBeath G. A system-wide investigation of the dynamics of Wnt signaling reveals novel phases of transcriptional regulation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10024. [PMID: 20383323 PMCID: PMC2850918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Wnt signaling has been implicated in a wide variety of cancers and many components of the Wnt signaling network have now been identified. Much less is known, however, about how these proteins are coordinately regulated. Here, a broad, quantitative, and dynamic study of Wnt3a-mediated stimulation of HEK 293 cells revealed two phases of transcriptional regulation: an early phase in which signaling antagonists were downregulated, providing positive feedback, and a later phase in which many of these same antagonists were upregulated, attenuating signaling. The dynamic expression profiles of several response genes, including MYC and CTBP1, correlated significantly with proliferation and migration (P<0.05). Additionally, their levels tracked with the tumorigenicity of colon cancer cell lines and they were significantly overexpressed in colorectal adenocarcinomas (P<0.05). Our data highlight CtBP1 as a transcription factor that contributes to positive feedback during the early phases of Wnt signaling and serves as a novel marker for colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjit S. Gujral
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gavin MacBeath
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fitzgerald JS, Germeyer A, Huppertz B, Jeschke U, Knöfler M, Moser G, Scholz C, Sonderegger S, Toth B, Markert UR. Governing the invasive trophoblast: current aspects on intra- and extracellular regulation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63:492-505. [PMID: 20236263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes several aspects especially of regulating factors governing trophoblast invasion. Those include the composition of the extracellular matrix containing a variety of matrix metalloproeinases and their inhibitors, but also intracellular signals. Furthermore, a newly described trophoblast subtype, the endoglandular trophoblast, is presented. Its presence may provide a possible mechanism for opening and connecting uterine glands into the intervillous space. Amongst others, two intracellular signalling pathways are crucial for regulation of trophoblast functions and development: Wnt- and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signalling. Wnt signalling promotes implantation, placentation and trophoblast differentiation. Several Wnt-dependent cascades and regulatory mechanisms display different functions in trophoblast cells. The STAT3 signalling system is fundamental for induction and regulation of invasiveness in physiological trophoblastic cells, but also in tumours. The role of galectins (Gal) in trophoblast regulation and placenta development comes increasingly into focus. The Gal- 1-4, 7-10 and 12-14 have been detected in humans. Detailed information is only available for Gal-1, -2, -3, -4, -9 and -12 in endometrium and decidua. Gal-1, -3 and -13 (-14) have been detected and studied in trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine S Fitzgerald
- Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Laboratory, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Gustafson B, Smith U. Activation of canonical wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling in mature adipocytes increases beta-catenin levels and leads to cell dedifferentiation and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:14031-41. [PMID: 20179324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt ligands are secreted by several cell types in the adipose tissue. We examined if mature adipocytes can also be target cells and found that canonical Wnt activation by Wnt3a induced a marked dedifferentiation of both 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes. Typical adipogenic markers were reduced while undifferentiated cell markers like Pref-1/Dlk1, Wnt10b, and Gata2 were increased. The cells also became insulin-resistant with impaired upstream insulin signaling and reduced glucose uptake. Wnt3a stabilized beta-catenin in the absence of the LRP6 receptor and with maintained axin and Dickkopf-1 protein expression. PPARgamma was repressed and PPARgamma ligands could not restore the adipogenic markers or reduce the beta-catenin levels. The dedifferentiated adipocytes expressed the myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin and were also susceptible to osteogenic transdifferentiation. These results identify a novel pathway in mature adipose cells that is critical for maintaining the normal adipocyte phenotype and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Gustafson
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Center of Excellence for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
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Sonderegger S, Haslinger P, Sabri A, Leisser C, Otten JV, Fiala C, Knöfler M. Wingless (Wnt)-3A induces trophoblast migration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion through canonical Wnt signaling and protein kinase B/AKT activation. Endocrinology 2010; 151:211-20. [PMID: 19887570 PMCID: PMC2974214 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of human trophoblasts is promoted through activation of wingless (Wnt) signaling, suggesting a role of the pathway in placental development and morphogenesis. However, details on the process such as involvement of canonical and/or noncanonical Wnt signaling cascades as well as their target genes are largely unknown. Hence, signal transduction via canonical Wnt signaling or phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and their cross talk as well as trophoblast-specific protease expression were investigated in trophoblastic SGHPL-5 cells and primary extravillous trophoblasts purified from first-trimester placentas. Western blot analyses revealed that the recombinant Wnt ligand Wnt-3A increased phosphorylation of AKT and the downstream kinase glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta as well as accumulation of activated, nuclear beta-catenin. In accordance, luciferase expression of a canonical Wnt/TCF reporter and cell migration in first-trimester villous explant cultures and of SGHPL-5 cells were stimulated. Chemical inhibition of PI3K abolished Wnt-dependent phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3beta and trophoblast motility but did not affect appearance of activated beta-catenin or Wnt/TCF reporter activity. In contrast, inhibition of the canonical pathway through soluble Dickkopf-1 did not influence AKT and GSK-3beta phosphorylation but reduced Wnt reporter activity, accumulation of active beta-catenin, and cell migration. Both inhibitors decreased Wnt-3A-induced secretion of pro- and active matrix metalloproteinase-2 from SGHPL-5 cells and pure EVT. The data suggest that Wnt-3A may activate canonical Wnt signaling and PI3K/AKT through distinct receptors. The two signaling cascades act independently in trophoblasts; however, both pathways promote Wnt-dependent migration and the release of matrix metalloproteinase-2, which has been identified as novel Wnt target in invasive trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sonderegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Cho KW, Cai J, Kim HY, Hosoya A, Ohshima H, Choi KY, Jung HS. ERK activation is involved in tooth development via FGF10 signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2009; 312:901-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Luo F, Brooks DG, Ye H, Hamoudi R, Poulogiannis G, Patek CE, Winton DJ, Arends MJ. Mutated K-ras(Asp12) promotes tumourigenesis in Apc(Min) mice more in the large than the small intestines, with synergistic effects between K-ras and Wnt pathways. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:558-74. [PMID: 19765110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary K-ras mutations are found in 40-50% of human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, but their functional contribution remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that a conditional mutant K-ras mouse model (K-ras(Asp12)/Cre), with transient intestinal Cre activation by beta-Naphthoflavone (beta-NF) treatment, displayed transgene recombination and K-ras(Asp12) expression in the murine intestines, but developed few intestinal adenomas over 2 years. However, when crossed with Apc(Min/+) mice, the K-ras(Asp12)/Cre/Apc(Min/+) offspring showed acceleration of intestinal tumourigenesis with significantly changed average lifespan (P < 0.05) decreased to 18.4 +/- 5.4 weeks from 20.9 +/- 4.7 weeks (control Apc(Min/+) mice). The numbers of adenomas in the small intestine and large intestine were significantly (P < 0.01) increased by 1.5-fold and 5.7-fold, respectively, in K-ras(Asp12)/Cre/Apc(Min/+) mice compared with Apc(Min/+) mice, with the more marked increase in adenoma prevalence in the large intestine. To explore possible mechanisms for K-ras(Asp12) and Apc(Min) co-operation, the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (Mapk), Akt and Wnt signalling pathways, including selected target gene expression levels, were evaluated in normal large intestine and large intestinal tumours. K-ras(Asp12) increased activation of Mapk and Akt signalling pathway targets phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pErk) and pAkt, and increased relative expression levels of Wnt pathway targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), gastrin, cyclo-oxygenase 2 (Cox2) and T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (Tiam1) in K-ras(Asp12)/Cre/Apc(Min/+) adenomas compared with that of Apc(Min/+) adenomas, although other Wnt signalling pathway target genes such as Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARd), matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1A) and c-myc remained unchanged. In conclusion, intestinal expression of K-ras(Asp12) promotes mutant Apc-initiated intestinal adenoma formation in vivo more in the large intestine than the small intestine, with evidence of synergistic co-operation between mutant K-ras and Apc involving increased expression of some Wnt-pathway target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijun Luo
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
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Shafi S, Lamb D, Modjtahedi H, Ferns G. Periadventitial delivery of anti-EGF receptor antibody inhibits neointimal macrophage accumulation after angioplasty in a hypercholesterolaemic rabbit. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 91:224-34. [PMID: 20002649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte recruitment and their differentiation into macrophages are both early events in native and accelerated atherosclerosis that follows angioplasty. We have investigated the putative functional role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) present on rabbit monocytes/macrophages. The impact of periadventitial delivery of an EGFR-specific, blocking monoclonal antibody (ICR62, which inhibits EGF-binding to its receptor) was investigated in a rabbit model of accelerated atherosclerosis induced by a combination of carotid injury and 4 weeks of a 2% cholesterol-diet. Two weeks after the initiation of the diet, a balloon-catheter angioplasty of the left common carotid artery was performed and a collar placed around the injured carotid artery immediately, for the delivery of ICR62 antibody, isotype-matched antibody or saline control. Monocyte/macrophage accumulation, cell proliferation and neointimal thickening were determined 2 weeks after the delivery of the antibodies. The function of the EGFR on rabbit monocytes was also investigated in vitro, using chemotaxis assays. Treatment with ICR62 was associated with a significant reduction in macrophage accumulation and neointimal thickening and a 76% reduction in neointimal area of the vessel wall compared with controls. In vitro ICR62 inhibited macrophage and smooth muscle cell migration towards EGFR ligands including EGF and HB-EGF. These findings suggest that EGFR ligation may be important in the development of early atherosclerotic lesions following balloon-catheter angioplasty, and periadventitial delivery may provide a feasible approach for administration of the inhibitors of EGFR-binding such as ICR62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Shafi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Wang L, Cao XX, Chen Q, Zhu TF, Zhu HG, Zheng L. DIXDC1 targets p21 and cyclin D1 via PI3K pathway activation to promote colon cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1801-8. [PMID: 19572978 PMCID: PMC11159846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DIXDC1 is the human homolog of Ccd1, a recently identified DIX domain containing protein in zebrafish. It is a positive regulator in the Wnt signaling pathway functioning downstream of Wnt and upstream of Axin. Since Wnt pathway activation is correlated with human colon cancer formation and progression, the biological role of DIXDC1 in human colon cancer was examined. In the current study, up-regulation of DIXDC1 protein was detected in human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and was found to be correlated well with high cell proliferation index. Ectopic over-expression of DIXDC1 resulted in increased cell proliferation in vitro and accelerated tumorigenesis on nude mice in vivo. We also showed that DIXDC1 promoted G0/G1 to S phase transition concomitantly with up-regulation of cyclin D1 and down-regulation of p21 protein. DIXDC1 over-expression cells showed activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Both siRNA knockdown of DIXDC1 and blocking the PI3K pathway using a specific inhibitor caused G1/S phase arrest, as well as down-regulation of cyclin D1 and up-regulation of p21 in DIXDC1 over-expression colon cancer cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that over-expression of DIXDC1 might target p21 and cyclin D1 to promote colon cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis at least partially through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical School, Research Center for Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiong SD, Yu K, Liu XH, Yin LH, Kirschenbaum A, Yao S, Narla G, DiFeo A, Wu JB, Yuan Y, Ho SM, Lam YW, Levine AC. Ribosome-inactivating proteins isolated from dietary bitter melon induce apoptosis and inhibit histone deacetylase-1 selectively in premalignant and malignant prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:774-82. [PMID: 19384952 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence suggests that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer (PCa) development. Although several dietary compounds have been tested in preclinical PCa prevention models, no agents have been identified that either prevent the progression of premalignant lesions or treat advanced disease. Momordica charantia, known as bitter melon in English, is a plant that grows in tropical areas worldwide and is both eaten as a vegetable and used for medicinal purposes. We have isolated a protein, designated as MCP30, from bitter melon seeds. The purified fraction was verified by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry to contain only 2 highly related single chain Type I ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), alpha-momorcharin and beta-momorcharin. MCP30 induces apoptosis in PIN and PCa cell lines in vitro and suppresses PC-3 growth in vivo with no effect on normal prostate cells. Mechanistically, MCP30 inhibits histone deacetylase-1 (HDAC-1) activity and promotes histone-3 and -4 protein acetylation. Treatment with MCP30 induces PTEN expression in a prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and PCa cell lines resulting in inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. In addition, MCP30 inhibits Wnt signaling activity through reduction of nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and decreased levels of c-Myc and Cyclin-D1. Our data indicate that MCP30 selectively induces PIN and PCa apoptosis and inhibits HDAC-1 activity. These results suggest that Type I RIPs derived from plants are HDAC inhibitors that can be utilized in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Dao Xiong
- Institute of Hematology and Tumor Biology Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
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Nemoto E, Koshikawa Y, Kanaya S, Tsuchiya M, Tamura M, Somerman MJ, Shimauchi H. Wnt signaling inhibits cementoblast differentiation and promotes proliferation. Bone 2009; 44:805-12. [PMID: 19442631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cementoblasts, tooth root lining cells, are responsible for laying down cementum on the root surface, a process that is indispensable for establishing a functional periodontal ligament. Cementoblasts share phenotypical features with osteoblasts. Wnt signaling has been implicated in increased bone formation by controlling mesenchymal stem cell or osteoblastic cell functions; however the role of Wnt signaling on cementogenesis has not been examined. In this study, we have identified a consistent expression profile of Wnt signaling molecules in cementoblasts, in vitro by RT-PCR. Exposure of cells to LiCl, which promotes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting GSK-3beta, increased beta-catenin nuclear translocation and up-regulated the transcriptional activity of a canonical Wnt-responsive promoters, suggesting that an endogenous canonical Wnt pathway functions in cementoblasts. Activation of endogenous canonical Wnt signaling with LiCl suppressed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of genes associated with cementum function; ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN). Exposure to Wnt3a, as a representative canonical Wnt member, also inhibited the expression of ALP, BSP, and OCN gene. This effect was accompanied by decreased gene expression of Runx2 and Osterix and by increased gene expression of lymphoid enhancer factor-1. Pretreatment with Dickkopf (Dkk)-1, a potent canonical Wnt antagonist, which binds to a low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein (LRP)-5/6 co-receptor, attenuated the suppressive effects of Wnt3a on mRNA expression of Runx2 and OCN on cementoblasts. These findings suggest that canonical Wnt signaling inhibits cementoblast differentiation via regulation of expression of selective transcription factors. Wnt3a also increased the expression of cyclin D1, known as a cell cycle regulator, as well as cell proliferation. In conclusion, these observations suggest that Wnt signaling inhibits cementoblast differentiation and promotes cell proliferation. Elucidating the role of Wnt in controlling cementoblast function will provide new tools needed to improve on existing periodontal regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba, Sendai, Japan.
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Espada J, Galaz S, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Blázquez-Castro A, Stockert JC, Bagazgoitia L, Jaén P, González S, Cano A, Juarranz Á. Oncogenic H-Ras and PI3K signaling can inhibit E-cadherin-dependent apoptosis and promote cell survival after photodynamic therapy in mouse keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2009; 219:84-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lam JBB, Chow KHM, Xu A, Lam KSL, Liu J, Wong NS, Moon RT, Shepherd PR, Cooper GJS, Wang Y. Adiponectin haploinsufficiency promotes mammary tumor development in MMTV-PyVT mice by modulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog activities. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4968. [PMID: 19319191 PMCID: PMC2656613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is an adipokine possessing beneficial effects on obesity-related medical complications. A negative association of adiponectin levels with breast cancer development has been demonstrated. However, the precise role of adiponectin deficiency in mammary carcinogenesis remains elusive. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the present study, MMTV-polyomavirus middle T antigen (MMTV-PyVT) transgenic mice with reduced adiponectin expressions were established and the stromal effects of adiponectin haploinsufficiency on mammary tumor development evaluated. In mice from both FVB/N and C57BL/6J backgrounds, insufficient adiponectin production promoted mammary tumor onset and development. A distinctive basal-like subtype of tumors, with a more aggressive phenotype, was derived from adiponectin haplodeficient MMTV-PyVT mice. Comparing with those from control MMTV-PyVT mice, the isolated mammary tumor cells showed enhanced tumor progression in re-implanted nude mice, accelerated proliferation in primary cultures, and hyperactivated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/beta-catenin signaling, which at least partly attributed to the decreased phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) activities. Further analysis revealed that PTEN was inactivated by a redox-regulated mechanism. Increased association of PTEN-thioredoxin complexes was detected in tumors derived from mice with reduced adiponectin levels. The activities of thioredoxin (Trx1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) were significantly elevated, whereas treatment with either curcumin, an irreversible inhibitor of TrxR1, or adiponectin largely attenuated their activities and resulted in the re-activation of PTEN in these tumor cells. Moreover, adiponectin could inhibit TrxR1 promoter-mediated transcription and restore the mRNA expressions of TrxR1. CONCLUSION Adiponectin haploinsufficiency facilitated mammary tumorigenesis by down-regulation of PTEN activity and activation of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway through a mechanism involving Trx1/TrxR1 redox regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice B. B. Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kim H. M. Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S. L. Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nai-Sum Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Randall T. Moon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter R. Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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