1
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Wang B, Shao W, Zhao Y, Li Z, Wang P, Lv X, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Han L, Wu W, Feng Y. Radial extracorporeal shockwave promotes osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling of bone marrow stromal cells from senile osteoporosis via activating the Piezo1/CaMKII/CREB axis. Bone 2024; 187:117196. [PMID: 39004161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Radial extracorporeal shockwave (r-ESW) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been reported to alleviate senile osteoporosis (SOP), but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we firstly isolated human BMSCs from bone marrow samples and treated with varying r-ESW doses. And we found that r-ESW could enhance the proliferation of SOP-BMSCs in a dose-dependent manner by EdU assay. Subsequently, the impact of r-ESW on the proliferation, apoptosis and multipotency of BMSCs was assessed. And the outcomes of flow cytometry, Alizarin red S (ARS), and tube formation test demonstrated that the optimal shockwave obviously boosted SOP-BMSCs osteogenesis and angiogenesis but exhibited no significant impact on cell apoptosis. Additionally, the signaling of Piezo1 and CaMKII/CREB was examined by Western blotting, qPCR and immunofluorescence. And the results showed that r-ESW promoted the expression of Piezo1, increased intracellular Ca2+ and activated the CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway. Then, the application of Piezo1 siRNA hindered the r-ESW-induced enhancement ability of osteogenesis coupling with angiogenesis of SOP-BMSCs. The use of the CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway inhibitor KN93 suppressed the Piezo1-induced increase in osteogenesis and angiogenesis in SOP-BMSCs. Finally, we also found that r-ESW might alleviate SOP in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) model by activating Piezo1. In conclusion, our research offers experimental evidence and an elucidated underlying molecular mechanism to support the use of r-ESW as a credible rehabilitative treatment for senile osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenkai Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yubai Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zilin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yongjin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transformation, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yuanxiao Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lizhi Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transformation, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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2
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Kapat K, Kumbhakarn S, Sable R, Gondane P, Takle S, Maity P. Peptide-Based Biomaterials for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. Biomedicines 2024; 12:313. [PMID: 38397915 PMCID: PMC10887361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The healing of osteochondral defects (OCDs) that result from injury, osteochondritis, or osteoarthritis and bear lesions in the cartilage and bone, pain, and loss of joint function in middle- and old-age individuals presents challenges to clinical practitioners because of non-regenerative cartilage and the limitations of current therapies. Bioactive peptide-based osteochondral (OC) tissue regeneration is becoming more popular because it does not have the immunogenicity, misfolding, or denaturation problems associated with original proteins. Periodically, reviews are published on the regeneration of bone and cartilage separately; however, none of them addressed the simultaneous healing of these tissues in the complicated heterogeneous environment of the osteochondral (OC) interface. As regulators of cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and antibacterial activity, potential therapeutic strategies for OCDs utilizing bone and cartilage-specific peptides should be examined and investigated. The main goal of this review was to study how they contribute to the healing of OCDs, either alone or in conjunction with other peptides and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausik Kapat
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sakshi Kumbhakarn
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Sable
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Prashil Gondane
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shruti Takle
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritiprasanna Maity
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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3
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Szwed-Georgiou A, Płociński P, Kupikowska-Stobba B, Urbaniak MM, Rusek-Wala P, Szustakiewicz K, Piszko P, Krupa A, Biernat M, Gazińska M, Kasprzak M, Nawrotek K, Mira NP, Rudnicka K. Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration: Biomolecules and Delivery Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5222-5254. [PMID: 37585562 PMCID: PMC10498424 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been documented with novel strategies currently under investigation. Innovative biomaterials that allow the coordinated and well-controlled repair of bone fractures and bone loss are being designed to reduce the need for autologous or allogeneic bone grafts eventually. The current engineering technologies permit the construction of synthetic, complex, biomimetic biomaterials with properties nearly as good as those of natural bone with good biocompatibility. To ensure that all these requirements meet, bioactive molecules are coupled to structural scaffolding constituents to form a final product with the desired physical, chemical, and biological properties. Bioactive molecules that have been used to promote bone regeneration include protein growth factors, peptides, amino acids, hormones, lipids, and flavonoids. Various strategies have been adapted to investigate the coupling of bioactive molecules with scaffolding materials to sustain activity and allow controlled release. The current manuscript is a thorough survey of the strategies that have been exploited for the delivery of biomolecules for bone regeneration purposes, from choosing the bioactive molecule to selecting the optimal strategy to synthesize the scaffold and assessing the advantages and disadvantages of various delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Mateusz M. Urbaniak
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusek-Wala
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Konrad Szustakiewicz
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Paweł Piszko
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gazińska
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kasprzak
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Faculty
of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - Nuno Pereira Mira
- iBB-Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
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4
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Weng Y, Jian Y, Huang W, Xie Z, Zhou Y, Pei X. Alkaline earth metals for osteogenic scaffolds: From mechanisms to applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1447-1474. [PMID: 36883838 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of bone defects is a significant challenge today. As alternative approaches to the autologous bone, scaffold materials have remarkable features in treating bone defects; however, the various properties of current scaffold materials still fall short of expectations. Due to the osteogenic capability of alkaline earth metals, their application in scaffold materials has become an effective approach to improving their properties. Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that combining alkaline earth metals leads to better osteogenic properties than applying them alone. In this review, the physicochemical and physiological characteristics of alkaline earth metals are introduced, mainly focusing on their mechanisms and applications in osteogenesis, especially magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba). Furthermore, this review highlights the possible cross-talk between pathways when alkaline earth metals are combined. Finally, some of the current drawbacks of scaffold materials are enumerated, such as the high corrosion rate of Mg scaffolds and defects in the mechanical properties of Ca scaffolds. Moreover, a brief perspective is also provided regarding future directions in this field. It is worth exploring that whether the levels of alkaline earth metals in newly regenerated bone differs from those in normal bone. The ideal ratio of each element in the bone tissue engineering scaffolds or the optimal concentration of each elemental ion in the created osteogenic environment still needs further exploration. The review not only summarizes the research developments in osteogenesis but also offers a direction for developing new scaffold materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Weng
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yujia Jian
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhuojun Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xibo Pei
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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5
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Calcium/Calmodulin-Stimulated Protein Kinase II (CaMKII): Different Functional Outcomes from Activation, Depending on the Cellular Microenvironment. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030401. [PMID: 36766743 PMCID: PMC9913510 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a family of broad substrate specificity serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinases widely expressed in many tissues that is capable of mediating diverse functional responses depending on its cellular and molecular microenvironment. This review briefly summarises current knowledge on the structure and regulation of CaMKII and focuses on how the molecular environment, and interaction with binding partner proteins, can produce different populations of CaMKII in different cells, or in different subcellular locations within the same cell, and how these different populations of CaMKII can produce diverse functional responses to activation following an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. This review also explores the possibility that identifying and characterising the molecular interactions responsible for the molecular targeting of CaMKII in different cells in vivo, and identifying the sites on CaMKII and/or the binding proteins through which these interactions occur, could lead to the development of highly selective inhibitors of specific CaMKII-mediated functional responses in specific cells that would not affect CaMKII-mediated responses in other cells. This may result in the development of new pharmacological agents with therapeutic potential for many clinical conditions.
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6
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Beghi S, Furmanik M, Jaminon A, Veltrop R, Rapp N, Wichapong K, Bidar E, Buschini A, Schurgers LJ. Calcium Signalling in Heart and Vessels: Role of Calmodulin and Downstream Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416139. [PMID: 36555778 PMCID: PMC9783221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death worldwide. The success of medication and other preventive measures introduced in the last century have not yet halted the epidemic of cardiovascular disease. Although the molecular mechanisms of the pathophysiology of the heart and vessels have been extensively studied, the burden of ischemic cardiovascular conditions has risen to become a top cause of morbidity and mortality. Calcium has important functions in the cardiovascular system. Calcium is involved in the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling that regulates numerous events, ranging from the production of action potentials to the contraction of cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Both in the heart and vessels, the rise of intracellular calcium is sensed by calmodulin, a protein that regulates and activates downstream kinases involved in regulating calcium signalling. Among them is the calcium calmodulin kinase family, which is involved in the regulation of cardiac functions. In this review, we present the current literature regarding the role of calcium/calmodulin pathways in the heart and vessels with the aim to summarize our mechanistic understanding of this process and to open novel avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Beghi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3408473527
| | - Malgorzata Furmanik
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Armand Jaminon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Veltrop
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas Rapp
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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7
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Hu Z, Cheng J, Xu S, Cheng X, Zhao J, Kenny Low ZW, Chee PL, Lu Z, Zheng L, Kai D. PVA/pectin composite hydrogels inducing osteogenesis for bone regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100431. [PMID: 36186849 PMCID: PMC9519593 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels composed from biomolecules have gained great interests as biomaterials for tissue engineering. However, their poor mechanical properties limit their application potential. Here, we synthesized a series of tough composite hydrogels from poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and pectin for bone tissue engineering. With a balance of scaffold stiffness and pore size, PVA-Pec-10 hydrogel enhanced adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. The hydrogel significantly promoted osteogenesis in vitro by improving the alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity and calcium biomineralization, as well as upregulating the expressions of osteoblastic genes. The composite hydrogel also accelerated the bone healing process in vivo after transplantation into the femoral defect. Additionally, our study demonstrated that pectin and its Ca2+ crosslinking network play a crucial role of inducing osteogenesis through regulating the Ca2+/CaMKII and BMP-SMAD1/5 signaling. The optimized structure composition and multifunctional properties make PVA-Pec hydrogel highly promising to serve as a candidate for bone tissue regeneration. Recoverable PVA-Pec hydrogel is prepared by the freezing-thawing process. PVA-Pec-10 hydrogel display well attachment and osteogenesis capacity. PVA-Pecl-10 hydrogel enhanced osteogenesis by Ca2+/CaMKII and BMP-SMAD1/5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Hu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jianwen Cheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhi Wei Kenny Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore.,Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore
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8
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Xie T, Chen S, Hao J, Wu P, Gu X, Wei H, Li Z, Xiao J. Roles of calcium signaling in cancer metastasis to bone. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:445-462. [PMID: 36071984 PMCID: PMC9446157 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent complication for cancers and an important reason for the mortality in cancer patients. After surviving in bone, cancer cells can cause severe pain, life-threatening hypercalcemia, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and even death. However, the underlying mechanisms of bone metastasis were not clear. The role of calcium (Ca2+) in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion has been well established. Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that Ca2+ signaling played a key role in bone metastasis, for it not only promotes cancer progression but also mediates osteoclasts and osteoblasts differentiation. Therefore, Ca2+ signaling has emerged as a novel therapeutical target for cancer bone metastasis treatments. Here, the role of Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-binding proteins including calmodulin and Ca2+-sensing receptor in bone metastasis, and the perspective of anti-cancer bone metastasis therapeutics via targeting the Ca2+ signaling pathway are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Xie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiang Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xuelian Gu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
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9
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Capacitive electrical stimulation of a conducting polymeric thin film induces human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis. Biointerphases 2022; 17:011001. [PMID: 34979808 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroactive materials based on conductive polymers are promising options for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In the present work, the conducting copolymers of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly (d, l-lactic acid) (PEDOT-co-PDLLA) with PEDOT:PDLLA molar ratios of 1:50, 1:25, and 1:5 were synthesized and compared to the insulating macromonomer of EDOT-PDLLA as an experimental control. Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC-BM) were cultured on the copolymers and the macromonomer thin films inside a bioreactor that induced a capacitive electrical stimulation (CES) with an electric field of 100 mV/mm for 2 h per day for 21 days. Under CES, the copolymers exhibited good cell viability and promoted the differentiation from hMSC-BM to osteogenic lineages, revealed by higher mineralization mainly when the contents of conducting segments of PEDOT (i.e., copolymer with 1:25 and 1:5 PEDOT:PDLLA ratios) were increased. The results indicate that the intrinsic electrical conductivity of the substrates is an important key point for the effectiveness of the electric field generated by the CES, intending to promote the differentiation effect for bone cells.
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Cai K, Jiao Y, Quan Q, Hao Y, Liu J, Wu L. Improved activity of MC3T3-E1 cells by the exciting piezoelectric BaTiO 3/TC4 using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4073-4082. [PMID: 33997494 PMCID: PMC8090998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing bioactive materials for bone implants to enhance bone healing and bone growth has for years been the focus of clinical research. Barium titanate (BT) is an electroactive material that can generate electrical signals in response to applied mechanical forces. In this study, a BT piezoelectric ceramic coating was synthesized on the surface of a TC4 titanium alloy, forming a BT/TC4 material, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) was then applied as a mechanical stimulus. The combined effects on the biological responses of MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated. Results of scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction showed that an uniform nanospheres -shaped BT coating was formed on TC4 substrate. Piezoelectric behaviors were observed using piezoelectric force microscopy with the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 0.42 pC/N. Electrochemical measures indicated that LIPUS-stimulated BT/TC4 materials could produce a microcurrent of approximately 10 μA/cm2. In vitro, the greatest osteogenesis (cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation) was found in MC3T3-E1 cells when BT/TC4 was stimulated using LIPUS. Furthermore, the intracellular calcium ion concentration increased in these cells, possibly because opening of the L-type calcium ion channels was promoted and expression of the CaV1.2 protein was increased. Therefore, the piezoelectric BT/TC4 material with LIPUS loading synergistically promoted osteogenesis, rending it a potential treatment for early stage formation of reliable bone-implant contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzhan Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yilai Jiao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Quan Quan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yulin Hao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Lin Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110001, China
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Ren R, Guo J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Chen L, Xiong W. The role of Ca 2+ /Calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway in osteoblastogenesis. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13122. [PMID: 34523757 PMCID: PMC8560623 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone remodelling process is closely related to bone health. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts participate in the bone remodelling process under the regulation of various factors inside and outside. Excessive activation of osteoclasts or lack of function of osteoblasts will cause occurrence and development of multiple bone‐related diseases. Ca2+/Calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway regulates the growth and development of many types of cells, such as cardiomyocyte differentiation, angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, myogenesis, bone development and regeneration, etc. Some evidences indicate that this signalling pathway plays an extremely important role in bone formation and bone pathophysiologic changes. This review discusses the role of Ca2+/Calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway in the process of osteogenic differentiation, as well as the influence of regulating each component in this signalling pathway on the differentiation and function of osteoblasts, whereby the relationship between Ca2+/Calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway and osteoblastogenesis could be deeper understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranyue Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiachao Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yangmengfan Chen
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liangxi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Habuddha V, Suwannasing C, Buddawong A, Seenprachawong K, Duangchan T, Sombutkayasith C, Supokawej A, Weerachatyanukul W, Asuvapongpatana S. Characterization of Thrombospondin Type 1 Repeat in Haliotis diversicolor and Its Possible Role in Osteoinduction. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:641-652. [PMID: 34471969 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin repeats (TSR) are important peptide domains present in the sequences of many extracellular and transmembrane proteins with which a variety of ligands interact. In this study, we characterized HdTSR domains in the ADAMTS3 protein of Thai abalone, Haliotis diversicolor, based on the transcriptomic analysis of its mantle tissues. PCR amplification and localization studies demonstrated the existence of HdTSR transcript and protein in H. diversicolor tissues, particularly in both the inner and outer mantle epithelial folds. We, therefore, generated a short recombinant protein, termed HdTSR1/2, based on the existence of the WxxWxxW or WxxxxW motif (which binds to TGF-β, a known signaling in bone formation/repair) in HdTSR1 and HdTSR2 sequences and used it to test the osteoinduction function in the pre-osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1. This recombinant protein demonstrated the ability to induce the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by the concentration- and time-dependent upregulation of many known osteogenic markers, including RUNX2, COL1A1, OCN, and OPN. We also demonstrated the upregulation of the SMAD2 gene after cell treatment with HdTSR1/2 proteinindicating its possible interaction through TGF-β, which thus activates its downstream signaling cascade and triggers the biomineralization process in the differentiated osteoblastic cells. Together, HdTSR domains existed in an extracellular ADAMTS3 protein in the mantle epithelium of H. diversicolor and played a role in osteoinduction as similar to the other nacreous proteins, opening up its possibility to be developed as an inducing agent of bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valainipha Habuddha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Chanyatip Suwannasing
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Aticha Buddawong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng Pathumthani 12121, Rangsit Campus, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Seenprachawong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University (Salaya Campus), Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Thitinat Duangchan
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University (Salaya Campus), Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | | | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University (Salaya Campus), Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
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Najafi H, Jafari M, Farahavar G, Abolmaali SS, Azarpira N, Borandeh S, Ravanfar R. Recent advances in design and applications of biomimetic self-assembled peptide hydrogels for hard tissue regeneration. Biodes Manuf 2021; 4:735-756. [PMID: 34306798 PMCID: PMC8294290 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The development of natural biomaterials applied for hard tissue repair and regeneration is of great importance, especially in societies with a large elderly population. Self-assembled peptide hydrogels are a new generation of biomaterials that provide excellent biocompatibility, tunable mechanical stability, injectability, trigger capability, lack of immunogenic reactions, and the ability to load cells and active pharmaceutical agents for tissue regeneration. Peptide-based hydrogels are ideal templates for the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals, which can mimic the extracellular matrix. Thus, peptide-based hydrogels enhance hard tissue repair and regeneration compared to conventional methods. This review presents three major self-assembled peptide hydrogels with potential application for bone and dental tissue regeneration, including ionic self-complementary peptides, amphiphilic (surfactant-like) peptides, and triple-helix (collagen-like) peptides. Special attention is given to the main bioactive peptides, the role and importance of self-assembled peptide hydrogels, and a brief overview on molecular simulation of self-assembled peptide hydrogels applied for bone and dental tissue engineering and regeneration. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71345-1583 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71345-1583 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghazal Farahavar
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71345-1583 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71345-1583 Shiraz, Iran
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71345-1583 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Mohammad Rasoul-Allah Research Tower, 7193711351 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Borandeh
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71345-1583 Shiraz, Iran
- Polymer Technology Research Group, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, 02152 Espoo, Finland
| | - Raheleh Ravanfar
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
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Chao CT, Yeh HY, Tsai YT, Chiang CK, Chen HW. A combined microRNA and target protein-based panel for predicting the probability and severity of uraemic vascular calcification: a translational study. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1958-1973. [PMID: 32866261 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular calcification (VC) increases the future risk of cardiovascular events in uraemic patients, but effective therapies are still unavailable. Accurate identification of those at risk of developing VC using pathogenesis-based biomarkers is of particular interest and may facilitate individualized risk stratification. We aimed to uncover microRNA (miRNA)-target protein-based biomarker panels for evaluating uraemic VC probability and severity. METHODS AND RESULTS We created a three-tiered in vitro VC model and an in vivo uraemic rat model receiving high phosphate diet to mimic uraemic VC. RNAs from the three-tiered in vitro and in vivo uraemic VC models underwent miRNA and mRNA microarray, with results screened for differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes as biomarkers. Findings were validated in original models and additionally in an ex vivo VC model and human cells, followed by functional assays of identified miRNAs and target proteins, and tests of sera from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without and with VC. Totally 122 down-regulated and 119 up-regulated miRNAs during calcification progression were identified initially; further list narrowing based on miRNA-mRNA pairing, anti-correlation, and functional enrichment left 16 and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. Levels of four miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-195, miR-125b-2-3p, and miR-378a-3p) were shown to decrease throughout all models tested, while one mRNA (SULF1, a potential target of miR-378a-3p) exhibited the opposite trend concurrently. Among 96 ESRD (70.8% with VC) and 59 CKD patients (61% with VC), serum miR-125b2-3p and miR-378a-3p decreased with greater VC severity, while serum SULF1 levels increased. Adding serum miR-125b-2-3p, miR-378a-3p, and SULF1 into regression models for VC substantially improved performance compared to using clinical variables alone. CONCLUSION Using a translational approach, we discovered a novel panel of biomarkers for gauging the probability/severity of uraemic VC based on miRNAs/target proteins, which improved the diagnostic accuracy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Proteome
- Proteomics
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfotransferases/blood
- Transcriptome
- Translational Research, Biomedical
- Uremia/complications
- Uremia/genetics
- Uremia/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/etiology
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, No. 87, Neijiang Street, Wanhua District, Taipei 10845, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No.1, Section 4, Ren-Ai Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.1, Section 4, Ren-Ai Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Yeh
- School of Big Data Management, Soochow University, No.70, Linxi Road, Shilin District, Taipei 11102, Taiwan
| | - You-Tien Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, No. 87, Neijiang Street, Wanhua District, Taipei 10845, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No.1, Section 4, Ren-Ai Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Integrative Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan South Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No.1, Section 4, Ren-Ai Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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15
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Shin YK, Heo JH, Lee JY, Park YJ, Cho SR. Collagen-binding peptide reverses bone loss in a mouse model of cerebral palsy based on clinical databases. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 64:101445. [PMID: 33130040 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) experience bone loss due to impaired weight bearing. Despite serious complications, there is no standard medication. OBJECTIVE To develop a new pharmacological agent, we performed a series of studies. The primary aim was to develop an animal model of CP to use our target medication based on transcriptome analysis of individuals with CP. The secondary aim was to show the therapeutic capability of collagen-binding peptide (CBP) in reversing bone loss in the CP mouse model. METHODS A total of 119 people with CP and 13 healthy adults participated in the study and 140 mice were used for the behavioral analysis and discovery of therapeutic effects in the preclinical study. The mouse model of CP was induced by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established for CBP medication in the CP mouse model with bone loss. RESULTS On the basis of clinical outcomes showing insufficient mechanical loading from non-ambulatory function and that underweight mainly affects bone loss in adults with CP, we developed a mouse model of CP with bone loss. Injury severity and body weight mainly affected bone loss in the CP mouse model. Transcriptome analysis showed SPP1 expression downregulated in adults with CP who showed lower bone density than healthy controls. Therefore, a synthesized CBP was administered to the mouse model. Trabecular thickness, total collagen and bone turnover activity increased with CBP treatment as compared with the saline control. Immunohistochemistry showed increased immunoreactivity of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin, so the CBP participated in osteoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study can provide a scientific basis for a promising translational approach for developing new anabolic CBP medication to treat bone loss in individuals with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Kyum Shin
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Heo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jue Yeon Lee
- Central Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jeong Park
- Central Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Dunn DM, Munger J. Interplay Between Calcium and AMPK Signaling in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:384. [PMID: 32850483 PMCID: PMC7403205 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling networks broadly regulate numerous aspects of cell biology. Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been found to actively manipulate the calcium-AMPK signaling axis to support infection. Many HCMV genes have been linked to modulating calcium signaling, and HCMV infection has been found to be reliant on calcium signaling and AMPK activation. Here, we focus on the cell biology of calcium and AMPK signaling and what is currently known about how HCMV modulates these pathways to support HCMV infection and potentially contribute to oncomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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17
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Cheng HW, Yuan MT, Li CW, Chan BP. Cell-derived matrices (CDM)-Methods, challenges and applications. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 156:235-258. [PMID: 32222221 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical support and bioactive signals such as growth factors and cytokines to cells at their microenvironment or niche. Engineering the matrix niche becomes an important approach to study or manipulate cellular fate. This work presents an overview on the reconstitution of the ECM niche through a wide range of approaches ranging from coating culture dish with ECM molecules to decellularization of native tissues. In particular, we focused on reconstituting the complex ECM niche through cell-derived matrix (CDM) by reviewing the methodological approaches used in our group to derive ECM from mature cells such as chondrocytes and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), undifferentiated stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as MSCs undergoing chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, in 2D or 3D models. Specific attention has also been given to key factors that should be considered in various applications and challenges in relation to the CDM. Last but not the least, a few future perspectives and their significance have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Cheng
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - M T Yuan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C W Li
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - B P Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Regulation of Multifunctional Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinases by Molecular Targeting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:649-679. [PMID: 31646529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases control a broad range of cellular functions in a multitude of cell types. This family of kinases contain several structural similarities and all are regulated by phosphorylation, which either activates, inhibits or modulates their kinase activity. As these protein kinases are widely or ubiquitously expressed, and yet regulate a broad range of different cellular functions, additional levels of regulation exist that control these cell-specific functions. Of particular importance for this specificity of function for multifunctional kinases is the expression of specific binding proteins that mediate molecular targeting. These molecular targeting mechanisms allow pools of kinase in different cells, or parts of a cell, to respond differently to activation and produce different functional outcomes.
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19
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Zickler D, Luecht C, Willy K, Chen L, Witowski J, Girndt M, Fiedler R, Storr M, Kamhieh-Milz J, Schoon J, Geissler S, Ringdén O, Schindler R, Moll G, Dragun D, Catar R. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in uraemic serum promotes osteoblastic transition and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via extracellular signal-regulated kinases and activator protein 1/c-FOS-mediated induction of interleukin 6 expression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:574-585. [PMID: 29228352 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is enhanced in uraemic chronic haemodialysis patients, likely due to the accumulation of midsize uraemic toxins, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Here we have assessed the impact of uraemia on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification and examined the role of IL-6 and TNF-α as possible mediators and, most importantly, its underlying signalling pathway in VSMCs. Methods VSMCs were incubated with samples of uraemic serum obtained from patients treated with haemodialysis for renal failure in the Permeability Enhancement to Reduce Chronic Inflammation-I clinical trial. The VSMCs were assessed for IL-6 gene regulation and promoter activation in response to uraemic serum and TNF-α with reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay and for osteoblastic transition, cellular calcification and cell viability upon osteogenic differentiation. Results Uraemic serum contained higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with serum from healthy individuals. Exposure of VSMCs to uraemic serum or recombinant TNF-α lead to a strong upregulation of IL-6 mRNA expression and protein secretion, which was mediated by activator protein 1 (AP-1)/c-FOS-pathway signalling. Uraemic serum induced osteoblastic transition and calcification of VSMCs could be strongly attenuated by blocking TNF-α, IL-6 or AP-1/c-FOS signalling, which was accompanied by improved cell viability. Conclusion These results demonstrate that uraemic serum contains higher levels of uraemic toxins TNF-α and IL-6 and that uraemia promotes vascular calcification through a signalling pathway involving TNF-α, IL-6 and the AP-1/c-FOS cytokine-signalling axis. Thus treatment modalities aiming to reduce systemic TNF-α and IL-6 levels in chronic haemodialysis patients should be evaluated in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zickler
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Luecht
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Willy
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Chen
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Storr
- Department of Research and Development, Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany
| | | | - Janosch Schoon
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center and School for Regenerative Therapies(BCRT/BSRT)
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Muskuloskeletal Regeneration (JWI), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center and School for Regenerative Therapies(BCRT/BSRT)
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Muskuloskeletal Regeneration (JWI), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olle Ringdén
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Schindler
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center and School for Regenerative Therapies(BCRT/BSRT)
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Muskuloskeletal Regeneration (JWI), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duska Dragun
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Clinic for Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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20
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Lu J, Li Z, Wu X, Chen Y, Yan M, Ge X, Yu J. iRoot BP Plus promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via MAPK pathways and autophagy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:222. [PMID: 31358050 PMCID: PMC6664598 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND iRoot BP Plus is a novel bioceramic endodontic material. Recently, it has been considered as an alternative to MTA which is the most popular scaffold cover during regenerative endodontic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of iRoot BP Plus on the osteo/odontogenic capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), including the underlying mechanisms. METHODS BMMSCs were collected by a whole marrow method and treated with iRoot BP Plus-conditioned medium (BP-CM). The proliferation ability was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 and flow cytometry. Complete medium was used as a blank control, and 2 mg/ml MTA-conditioned medium was served as a positive control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, western blot, real-time RT-PCR, Alizarin Red S staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to explore the osteo/odontogenic potential and the involvement of MAPK pathways. Besides, autophagy was investigated by western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehan Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. .,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Brzozowski JS, Skelding KA. The Multi-Functional Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinase (CaMK) Family: Emerging Targets for Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Intervention. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010008. [PMID: 30621060 PMCID: PMC6469190 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of Ca2+ signalling in key events of cancer cell function and tumour progression, such as proliferation, migration, invasion and survival, has recently begun to be appreciated. Many cellular Ca2+-stimulated signalling cascades utilise the intermediate, calmodulin (CaM). The Ca2+/CaM complex binds and activates a variety of enzymes, including members of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase (CaMK) family. These enzymes control a broad range of cancer-related functions in a multitude of tumour types. Herein, we explore the cancer-related functions of these kinases and discuss their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Brzozowski
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kathryn A Skelding
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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22
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Li L, Zhang C, Chen JL, Hong FF, Chen P, Wang JF. Effects of simulated microgravity on the expression profiles of RNA during osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12539. [PMID: 30397970 PMCID: PMC6496301 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exposure to microgravity induces many adaptive and pathological changes in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). However, the underlying mechanisms of these changes are poorly understood. We revealed the gene expression patterns of hBMSCs under normal ground (NG) and simulated microgravity (SMG), which showed an interpretation for these changes by gene regulation and signal pathways analysis. Materials and methods In this study, hBMSCs were osteogenically induced for 0, 2, 7 and 14 days under normal ground gravity and simulated microgravity, followed by analysis of the differences in transcriptome expression during osteogenic differentiation by RNA sequencing and some experimental verification for these results. Results The results indicated that 837, 399 and 894 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 2, 7 and 14 days samples, respectively, out of which 13 genes were selected for qRT‐PCR analysis to confirm the RNA‐sequencing results. After analysis, we found that proliferation was inhibited in the early stage of induction. In the middle stage, osteogenic differentiation was inhibited, whereas adipogenic differentiation benefited from SMG. Moreover, SMG resulted in the up‐regulation of genes specific for tumorigenesis in the later stage. Conclusion Our data revealed that SMG inhibits the proliferation and inhibits the differentiation towards osteoblasts but promotes adipogenesis. SMG also selects highly tumorigenic cells for survival under prolonged SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan-Fan Hong
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Departments of Cell Biology and Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jin-Fu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Song M, Yu B, Kim S, Hayashi M, Smith C, Sohn S, Kim E, Lim J, Stevenson RG, Kim RH. Clinical and Molecular Perspectives of Reparative Dentin Formation: Lessons Learned from Pulp-Capping Materials and the Emerging Roles of Calcium. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 61:93-110. [PMID: 27912821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The long-term use of calcium hydroxide and the recent increase in the use of hydraulic calcium-silicate cements as direct pulp-capping materials provide important clues in terms of how reparative dentin may be induced to form a "biological seal" to protect the underlying pulp tissues. In this review article, we discuss clinical and molecular perspectives of reparative dentin formation based on evidence learned from the use of these pulp-capping materials. We also discuss the emerging role of calcium as an odontoinductive component in these pulp-capping materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Song
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Hayashi
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Colby Smith
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Suhjin Sohn
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-Ro, 03772, Seoul, Korea
| | - James Lim
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard G Stevenson
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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24
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Madrigal A, Tan L, Zhao Y. Expression regulation and functional analysis of RGS2 and RGS4 in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biol Res 2017; 50:43. [PMID: 29279050 PMCID: PMC5742872 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular basis underlying the formation of bone-forming osteocytes and lipid-storing adipocytes will help provide insights into the cause of disorders originating in stem/progenitor cells and develop therapeutic treatments for bone- or adipose-related diseases. In this study, the role of RGS2 and RGS4, two members of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family, was investigated during adipogenenic and osteogenenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). RESULTS Expression of RGS2 and RGS4 were found to be inversely regulated during adipogenesis induced by dexamethasone (DEX) and 3-isobutyl-methylxanthine, regardless if insulin was present, with RGS2 up-regulated and RGS4 down-regulated in response to adipogenic induction. RGS2 expression was also up-regulated during osteogenesis at a level similar to that induced by treatment of DEX alone, a shared component of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation inducing media, but significantly lower than the level induced by adipogenic inducing media. RGS4 expression was down-regulated during the first 48 h of osteogenesis but up-regulated afterwards, in both cases at levels similar to that induced by DEX alone. Expression knock-down using small interfering RNA against RGS2 resulted in decreased differentiation efficiency during both adipogenesis and osteogenesis. On the other hand, expression knock-down of RGS4 also resulted in decreased adipogenic differentiation but increased osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS RGS2 and RGS4 are differentially regulated during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. In addition, both RGS2 and RGS4 play positive roles during adipogenesis but opposing roles during osteogenesis, with RGS2 as a positive regulator and RGS4 as a negative regulator. These results imply that members of RGS proteins may play multifaceted roles during human adipogenesis and osteogenesis to balance or counterbalance each other's function during those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Madrigal
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA.,Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lun Tan
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Yuanxiang Zhao
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA.
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25
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Xu L, Zhang Z, Sun X, Wang J, Xu W, Shi L, Lu J, Tang J, Liu J, Su X. Glycosylation status of bone sialoprotein and its role in mineralization. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:413-420. [PMID: 28958711 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The highly glycosylated bone sialoprotein (BSP) is an abundant non-collagenous phosphoprotein in bone which enhances osteoblast differentiation and new bone deposition in vitro and in vivo. However, the structural details of its different glycosylation linkages have not been well studied and their functions in bone homeostasis are not clear. Previous studies suggested that the O-glycans, but not the N-glycans on BSP, are highly sialylated. Herein, we employed tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to demonstrate that the N-glycanson the recombinant human integrin binding sialoprotein (rhiBSP) are also enriched in sialic acids (SAs) at their termini. We also identified multiple novel sites of N-glycan modification. Treatment of rhiBSP enhances osteoblast differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells and this effect could be partially reversed by efficient enzymatic removal of its N-glycans. Removal of all terminal SAs has a greater effect in reversing the effect of rhiBSP on osteogenesis, especially on mineralization, suggesting that sialylation at the termini of both N-glycans and O-glycans plays an important role in this regulation. Moreover, BSP-conjugated SAs may affect mineralization via ERK activation of VDR expression. Collectively, our results identified novel N-glycans enriched in SAs on the rhiBSP and demonstrated that SAs at both N- and O-glycans are important for BSP regulation of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xue Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Lv Shi
- Shanghai Green-Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201200, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
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26
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Majidinia M, Sadeghpour A, Yousefi B. The roles of signaling pathways in bone repair and regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2937-2948. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center; Urmia University of Medical Sciences; Urmia Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghpour
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Shohada Educational Hospital; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Molecular Targeting Therapy Research Group; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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27
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Wang C, Liu Y, Fan Y, Li X. The use of bioactive peptides to modify materials for bone tissue repair. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:191-206. [PMID: 28596916 PMCID: PMC5458541 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well recognized that the modification of biomaterials with appropriate bioactive peptides could further enhance their functions. Especially, it has been shown that peptide-modified bone repair materials could promote new bone formation more efficiently compared with conventional ones. The purpose of this article is to give a general review of recent studies on bioactive peptide-modified materials for bone tissue repair. Firstly, the main peptides for inducing bone regeneration and commonly used methods to prepare peptide-modified bone repair materials are introduced. Then, current in vitro and in vivo research progress of peptide-modified composites used as potential bone repair materials are reviewed and discussed. Generally speaking, the recent related studies have fully suggested that the modification of bone repair materials with osteogenic-related peptides provide promising strategies for the development of bioactive materials and substrates for enhanced bone regeneration and the therapy of bone tissue diseases. Furthermore, we have proposed some research trends in the conclusion and perspectives part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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28
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Yoo HS, Kim GJ, Song DH, Chung KH, Lee KJ, Kim DH, An JH. Calcium Supplement Derived from Gallus gallus domesticus Promotes BMP-2/RUNX2/SMAD5 and Suppresses TRAP/RANK Expression through MAPK Signaling Activation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050504. [PMID: 28513557 PMCID: PMC5452234 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of a calcium (Ca) supplement derived from Gallus gallus domesticus (GD) on breaking force, microarchitecture, osteogenic differentiation and osteoclast differentiation factor expression in vivo in Ca-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats. One percent of Ca supplement significantly improved Ca content and bone strength of the tibia. In micro-computed tomography analysis, 1% Ca supplement attenuated OVX- and low Ca-associated changes in bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, spacing and number. Moreover, 1% Ca-supplemented diet increased the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2, Wnt3a, small mothers against decapentaplegic 1/5/8, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin and collagenase-1, while it decreased the expression of osteoclast differentiation genes, such as thrombospondin-related anonymous protein, cathepsin K and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B. Furthermore, 1% Ca-supplemented diet increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The increased expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling were associated with significant increases in trabecular bone volume, which plays an important role in the overall skeletal strength. Our results demonstrated that 1% Ca supplement inhibited osteoclastogenesis, stimulated osteoblastogenesis and restored bone loss in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Seok Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Gyung-Ji Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04170, Korea.
| | - Da Hye Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Kang-Hyun Chung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Kwon-Jai Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea.
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
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29
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The role of Ca 2+-calmodulin stimulated protein kinase II in ischaemic stroke - A potential target for neuroprotective therapies. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:33-42. [PMID: 28153786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies in multiple experimental systems show that Ca2+-calmodulin stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a major mediator of ischaemia-induced cell death and suggest that CaMKII would be a good target for neuroprotective therapies in acute treatment of stroke. However, as CaMKII regulates many cellular processes in many tissues any clinical treatment involving the inhibition of CaMKII would need to be able to specifically target the functions of ischaemia-activated CaMKII. In this review we summarise new developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in ischaemia-induced CaMKII-mediated cell death that have identified ways in which such specificity of CaMKII inhibition after stroke could be achieved. We also review the mechanisms and phases of tissue damage in ischaemic stroke to identify where and when CaMKII-mediated mechanisms may be involved.
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30
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Wang PY, Thissen H, Kingshott P. Modulation of human multipotent and pluripotent stem cells using surface nanotopographies and surface-immobilised bioactive signals: A review. Acta Biomater 2016; 45:31-59. [PMID: 27596488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the interactions of stem cells with synthetic surfaces is proving to be effective and essential for the quality of passaged stem cells and ultimately the success of regenerative medicine. The stem cell niche is crucial for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Thus, mimicking the stem cell niche, and here in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), in vitro is an important goal for the expansion of stem cells and their applications. Here, surface nanotopographies and surface-immobilised biosignals have been identified as major factors that control stem cell responses. The development of tailored surfaces having an optimum nanotopography and displaying suitable biosignals is proposed to be essential for future stem cell culture, cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications. While early research in the field has been restricted by the limited availability of micro- and nanofabrication techniques, new approaches involving the use of advanced fabrication and surface immobilisation methods are starting to emerge. In addition, new cell types such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become available in the last decade, but have not been fully understood. This review summarises significant advances in the area and focuses on the approaches that are aimed at controlling the behavior of human stem cells including maintenance of their self-renewal ability and improvement of their lineage commitment using nanotopographies and biosignals. More specifically, we discuss developments in biointerface science that are an important driving force for new biomedical materials and advances in bioengineering aiming at improving stem cell culture protocols and 3D scaffolds for clinical applications. Cellular responses revolve around the interplay between the surface properties of the cell culture substrate and the biomolecular composition of the cell culture medium. Determination of the precise role played by each factor, as well as the synergistic effects amongst the factors, all of which influence stem cell responses is essential for future developments. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the design of complex material surfaces aimed at being the next generation of tools tailored for applications in cell culture and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This review focuses on the effect of surface nanotopographies and surface-bound biosignals on human stem cells. Recently, stem cell research attracts much attention especially the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and direct lineage reprogramming. The fast advance of stem cell research benefits disease treatment and cell therapy. On the other hand, surface property of cell adhered materials has been demonstrated very important for in vitro cell culture and regenerative medicine. Modulation of cell behavior using surfaces is costeffective and more defined. Thus, we summarise the recent progress of modulation of human stem cells using surface science. We believe that this review will capture a broad audience interested in topographical and chemical patterning aimed at understanding complex cellular responses to biomaterials.
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31
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Pountos I, Panteli M, Lampropoulos A, Jones E, Calori GM, Giannoudis PV. The role of peptides in bone healing and regeneration: a systematic review. BMC Med 2016; 14:103. [PMID: 27400961 PMCID: PMC4940902 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tissue engineering and the research surrounding peptides has expanded significantly over the last few decades. Several peptides have been shown to support and stimulate the bone healing response and have been proposed as therapeutic vehicles for clinical use. The aim of this comprehensive review is to present the clinical and experimental studies analysing the potential role of peptides for bone healing and bone regeneration. METHODS A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Articles presenting peptides capable of exerting an upregulatory effect on osteoprogenitor cells and bone healing were included in the study. RESULTS Based on the available literature, a significant amount of experimental in vitro and in vivo evidence exists. Several peptides were found to upregulate the bone healing response in experimental models and could act as potential candidates for future clinical applications. However, from the available peptides that reached the level of clinical trials, the presented results are limited. CONCLUSION Further research is desirable to shed more light into the processes governing the osteoprogenitor cellular responses. With further advances in the field of biomimetic materials and scaffolds, new treatment modalities for bone repair will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Pountos
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michalis Panteli
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Elena Jones
- Unit of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James University Hospital, University of Leeds, LS9 7TF, Leeds, UK
| | - Giorgio Maria Calori
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, ISTITUTO ORTOPEDICO GAETANO PINI, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, LS7 4SA Leeds, West Yorkshire, Leeds, UK.
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Amso Z, Cornish J, Brimble MA. Short Anabolic Peptides for Bone Growth. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:579-640. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Amso
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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Chua ILS, Kim HW, Lee JH. Signaling of extracellular matrices for tissue regeneration and therapeutics. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:1-12. [PMID: 30603379 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells receive important regulatory signals from their extracellular matrix (ECM) and the physical property of the ECM regulates important cellular behaviors like cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. A large part of tissue formation and regeneration depends on cellular interaction with its ECM. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic biochemical pathway of the ECM components is necessary for the design of a biomaterial scaffold for tissue engineering. Depending on the type of tissue, the ECM requirement might be different and this would influence its downstream intracellular cell signaling. Here, we reviewed the ECM and its signaling pathway by discussing: 1) classification of the ECM into hard, elastic and soft tissue based on its physical properties, 2) proliferation and differentiation control of the ECM, 3) roles of membrane receptor and its intracellular regulation factor, 4) ECM remodeling via inside-out signaling. By providing a comprehensive overview of the ECM's role in mechanotransduction and the self-regulatory effect of cells back on the ECM, we hope to provide a better insight of the physical and biochemical cues from the ECM. A sound understanding on the in vivo ECM has implication on the choice of materials and surface coating of biomimetic scaffolds used for tissue regeneration and therapeutics in a cell-free scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing Loon Sean Chua
- 1Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- 2Department of Nanobiomedical Sciences and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,3Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,4Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- 1Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore.,2Department of Nanobiomedical Sciences and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,3Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Liu C, Sun J. Hydrolyzed tilapia fish collagen induces osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:065020. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Ojansivu M, Vanhatupa S, Björkvik L, Häkkänen H, Kellomäki M, Autio R, Ihalainen JA, Hupa L, Miettinen S. Bioactive glass ions as strong enhancers of osteogenic differentiation in human adipose stem cells. Acta Biomater 2015; 21:190-203. [PMID: 25900445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are known for their ability to induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. To elucidate the mechanism of the osteoinductivity in more detail, we studied whether ionic extracts prepared from a commercial glass S53P4 and from three experimental glasses (2-06, 1-06 and 3-06) are alone sufficient to induce osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. Cells were cultured using basic medium or osteogenic medium as extract basis. Our results indicate that cells stay viable in all the glass extracts for the whole culturing period, 14 days. At 14 days the mineralization in osteogenic medium extracts was excessive compared to the control. Parallel to the increased mineralization we observed a decrease in the cell amount. Raman and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the mineral consisted of calcium phosphates. Consistently, the osteogenic medium extracts also increased osteocalcin production and collagen Type-I accumulation in the extracellular matrix at 13 days. Of the four osteogenic medium extracts, 2-06 and 3-06 induced the best responses of osteogenesis. However, regardless of the enhanced mineral formation, alkaline phosphatase activity was not promoted by the extracts. The osteogenic medium extracts could potentially provide a fast and effective way to differentiate human adipose stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miina Ojansivu
- Adult Stem Cell Research Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Sari Vanhatupa
- Adult Stem Cell Research Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Björkvik
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Häkkänen
- Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reija Autio
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Research Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Zhou DAA, Deng YN, Liu L, Li JJ. Effect of kidney-reinforcing and marrow-beneficial traditional Chinese medicine-intervened serum on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:191-196. [PMID: 25452801 PMCID: PMC4247301 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of kidney-reinforcing and marrow-beneficial traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-intervened (KRMBTI)-serum on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in rats. Rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro with various concentrations of serum obtained from rats at different time-points following treatment with low, medium and high doses of KRMBT. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and proliferation of the BMCSs was assessed to determine the optimal serum sampling time-point and serum concentration. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression of the BMSCs was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and hepcidin mRNA expression in the rat livers was detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The proliferation of BMCSs treated with serum obtained l h after dosing was observed to be significantly higher than that for BMCSs treated with serum obtained at the four other time-points (P<0.05). Furthermore, the proliferation following treatment with 25% KRMBTI-serum was significantly higher than that for the other KRMBTI-serum concentrations (P<0.01). For a 25% concentration of the serum collected at l h, the proliferation in the high- and low-dose KRMBTI-serum groups was significantly higher than that of the medium-dose and control groups (P<0.01) and no statistical significance was observed between the high- and low-dose groups. In the osteogenic differentiation process of the high-dose group, the ALP activity at every time-point was significantly higher than that of the low-dose group and the peak value of the former was achieved at concentrations between 20 and 30%. KRMBTI-serum was shown to promote the expression of TGF-β1. Furthermore, hepcidin was observed to be expressed at significantly higher levels in the high-dose group than in the control group, and hepcidin expression was significantly higher after 10 weeks compared with that after five weeks. These findings suggest that KRMBTI-serum increases TGF-β1 and hepcidin expression levels, which may be the mechanism underlying the promotion of osteogenic differentiation induced by KRMBTI-serum in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- DA-An Zhou
- Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Medicine of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, P.R. China ; Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ning Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Medicine of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
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Hayrapetyan A, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJJP. Signaling pathways involved in osteogenesis and their application for bone regenerative medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 21:75-87. [PMID: 25015093 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a well organized but complex physiological process, in which different cell types and their activated signaling pathways are involved. In bone regeneration and remodeling processes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a crucial role, and their differentiation during these processes is regulated by specific signaling molecules (growth factors/cytokines and hormones) and their activated intracellular networks. Especially the utilization of the molecular machinery seems crucial to consider prior to developing bone implants, bone-substitute materials, and cell-based constructs for bone regeneration. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the signaling mechanisms involved in bone regeneration and remodeling and the osteogenic potential of MSCs to become a key cellular resource for such regeneration and remodeling processes. Additionally, an overview of possibilities to beneficially exploit cell signaling processes to optimize bone regeneration is provided.
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38
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Choi JY, Lee S, Hwang S, Jo SA, Kim M, Kim YJ, Pang MG, Jo I. Histone H3 lysine 27 and 9 hypermethylation within the Bad promoter region mediates 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine-induced Leydig cell apoptosis: implications of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine toxicity to male reproduction. Apoptosis 2013; 18:99-109. [PMID: 23065098 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
5-Aza-2'-deoxycitidine (5-Aza), an anticancer agent, results in substantial toxicity to male reproduction, causing a decline in sperm quality associated with reduced testosterone. Here, we report that 5-Aza increased the apoptotic protein Bad epigenetically in the testosterone-producing mouse TM3 Leydig cell line. 5-Aza decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner with concomitant increase in Bad protein. This increase is accompanied by increased cleavages of both poly ADP ribose polymerase and caspase-3. Flow cytometric analysis further supported 5-Aza-derived apoptosis in TM3 cells. Bisulfite sequencing analysis failed to identify putative methylcytosine site(s) in CpG islands of the Bad promoter. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed decreased levels of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27-3me) and H3K9-3me in the Bad promoter region in response to 5-Aza treatment. Knock-down by siRNA of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase responsible for H3K27-3me, or demethylation of H3K9-3me by BIX-01294 showed significantly increased levels in Bad expression and consequent Leydig cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our results demonstrate for the first time that Bad expression is regulated at least by EZH2-mediated H3K27-3me or G9a-like protein/euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1 (GLP/Eu-HMTase1)-mediated H3K9-3me in mouse TM3 Leydig cells, which may be implicated in 5-Aza-derived toxicity to male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, 911-1, Mok-6-dong, Yangchun-gu, Seoul, 158-710, South Korea
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Lakhkar NJ, Lee IH, Kim HW, Salih V, Wall IB, Knowles JC. Bone formation controlled by biologically relevant inorganic ions: role and controlled delivery from phosphate-based glasses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:405-20. [PMID: 22664230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of metal ions in the body and particularly in the formation, regulation and maintenance of bone is only just starting to be unravelled. The role of some ions, such as zinc, is more clearly understood due to its central importance in proteins. However, a whole spectrum of other ions is known to affect bone formation but the exact mechanism is unclear as the effects can be complex, multifactorial and also subtle. Furthermore, a significant number of studies utilise single doses in cell culture medium, whereas the continual, sustained release of an ion may initiate and mediate a completely different response. We have reviewed the role of the most significant ions that are known to play a role in bone formation, namely calcium, zinc, strontium, magnesium, boron, titanium and also phosphate anions as well as copper and its role in angiogenesis, an important process interlinked with osteogenesis. This review will also examine how delivery systems may offer an alternative way of providing sustained release of these ions which may effect and potentiate a more appropriate and rapid tissue response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay J Lakhkar
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Rd, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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Dry H, Jorgenson K, Ando W, Hart DA, Frank CB, Sen A. Effect of calcium on the proliferation kinetics of synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:805-19. [PMID: 23477785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (S-MSCs) have potential utility in clinical joint repair applications. However, their scarcity in tissues means S-MSCs cannot be isolated in large quantities and need to be expanded in culture. Because synovial tissues in vivo are exposed to higher calcium (Ca(2+)) levels than typically found in culture media, this study examined the impact of Ca(2+) supplementation on the rate of S-MSC proliferation in culture. METHODS S-MSCs were serially cultured with or without Ca(2+) supplementation. The effect of inhibiting Ca(2+) uptake was assessed using Ca(2+) channel blockers. After extended exposure to elevated Ca(2+) concentrations, S-MSCs were characterized by evaluating surface marker profiles, performing reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and carrying out tri-lineage differentiation assays. RESULTS Elevated Ca(2+) concentrations resulted in enhanced S-MSC proliferation. Peak growth occurred at 5.0 mmol/L Ca(2+), with an average fold increase of 4.52 ± 0.65 per passage over 8 passages compared with 2.03 ± 0.46 in un-supplemented medium. Proliferation was inhibited by Ca(2+) channel blockers. Ca(2+)-supplemented cells showed enhanced capacity toward osteogenesis (17.82 ± 4.21 μg Ca(2+) deposited/sample vs. 12.70 ± 2.11 μg Ca(2+) deposited/sample) and adipogenesis (0.47 ± 0.04 mg oil red O/sample vs. 0.352 ± 0.005 mg oil red O/sample) and retained their capacity to undergo chondrogenesis (1.37 ± 0.07 μg glycosaminoglycan/pellet vs. 1.33 ± 0.17 μg glycosaminoglycan/pellet). S-MSCs cultured in elevated Ca(2+) expressed enhanced messenger RNA levels for SOX-9 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and depressed levels for collagen I. CONCLUSIONS S-MSC sensitivity to Ca(2+) has not been reported previously. These findings indicate that S-MSC population expansion rates may be up-regulated by Ca(2+) supplementation without compromising defining cell characteristics. This study exemplifies the need to consider medium composition when culturing stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Dry
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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ACTH promotes chondrogenic nodule formation and induces transient elevations in intracellular calcium in rat bone marrow cell cultures via MC2-R signaling. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:413-25. [PMID: 23358747 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is among several melanocortin peptide hormones that are derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC). ACTH has been found to enhance osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. We show that, in the presence of dexamethasone, ACTH dose-dependently increases chondrogenic nodule formation in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) from the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat. The nodules consist in condensed cells highly expressing alkaline phosphatase, Sox9 and type II collagen transcripts and a proteoglycan-rich matrix. Immunoblot analysis of crude membrane fractions has shown that these cells express three melanocortin receptors (MC-R), namely MC2-R, MC3-R and MC5-R and the melanocortin 2-receptor accessory protein (MRAP). To determine which of these receptors mediate ACTH-induced effects, we have used MC-R-specific peptides and the known agonist profiles of the receptors. Neither α-MSH, a strong agonist of MC5-R, nor γ2-MSH, a strong agonist of MC3-R, duplicates ACTH effects in rat BMSC. In addition, calcium flux has been examined as a mechanism for ACTH action at the MC2-R. Consistent with MC2-R and MRAP expression patterns in the BMSC cultures, ACTH-induced transient increases in intracellular calcium are increased with dexamethasone treatment. Neither α-MSH nor γ2-MSH affects calcium flux. Dexamethasone increases MC2-R and MRAP expression and POMC peptide expression and cleavage increasing the production of the lipolytic β-lipotropic hormone product. Therefore, the effects of ACTH in rat BMSC enriched for mesenchymal progenitors are consistent with an MC2-R signaling mechanism, with dexamethasone being capable of regulating components of the melanocortin system in these cells.
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Jiang J, Papoutsakis ET. Stem-cell niche based comparative analysis of chemical and nano-mechanical material properties impacting ex vivo expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184458 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability of stem cells to self-renew with minimal or no differentiation and, when appropriately cued, to give rise to many types of progenitor and mature cells, is the basis for applications in regenerative and transfusion medicine, but also in drug discovery and in vitro toxicology. Inspired by the complex interactions between stem cells and their microenvironment, the so-called stem-cell niche, the properties of supporting biomaterials, including surface biochemistry, topography (type, size, organization, and geometry of nanostructures), and mechanical properties, have been identified as important determinants of stem-cell fate in vitro. 3D culture environments that could recapitulate the complexity of the in vivo stem-cell microenvironment could further expand the complexity and repertoire of engineered environments with exciting translational applications. Herein, the material aspects that affect the expansion and differentiation fate of adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), two powerful cell types that co-reside in the bone-marrow niche, but with distinct, sometime complementary, differentiation fates, properties, and translational applications, are examined. Although MSCs are adherent cells and, in contrast, HSPCs are non- or weakly adherent cells, both can sense and respond to material properties, including surface (bio)chemistry, ECM composition, topography, and matrix elasticity, possibly through similar molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Jiang
- Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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Evans JF, Ragolia L. Systemic and local ACTH produced during inflammatory states promotes osteochondrogenic mesenchymal cell differentiation contributing to the pathologic progression of calcified atherosclerosis. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:823-6. [PMID: 23026706 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There are many well-known roles for the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides and their receptors, the melanocortin receptors (MC-R). The focus here is on the evolving role of the melanocortin system in inflammation. Chronic inflammatory states such as those occurring in diabetes and obesity are associated with both a hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as well as increased incidence of atherosclerosis. An inflammation-induced hyperactive HPA axis along with increased leukocyte infiltration can lead to significant exposure to melanocortin peptides, particularly ACTH, in an inflamed vasculature. Mesenchymal progenitor cells are present throughout the vasculature, express receptors for the melanocortin peptides, and respond to ACTH with increased osteochondrogenic differentiation. Coupled to the increased exposure to ACTH during HPA hyperactivity is increased glucocorticoid (GC) exposure. GCs also promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors and increase their expression of MC-R as well as their expression of POMC and its cleavage products. It is hypothesized that during inflammatory states systemically produced ACTH and glucocorticoid as well as ACTH produced locally by macrophage and other immune cells, can influence and potentiate mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation along the osteochondrogenic lineages. In turn the increase in osteochondrogenic matrix contributes to the pathophysiological progression of the calcified atherosclerotic plaque. The roles of the melanocortin system in inflammation and its resolution have just begun to be explored. Investigations into the ACTH-induced matrix changes among mesenchymal cell populations are warranted. ACTH signaling through the MC-R represents a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of calcified atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi F Evans
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
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Choi YJ, Lee JY, Chung CP, Park YJ. Enhanced osteogenesis by collagen-binding peptide from bone sialoproteinin vitroandin vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:547-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Evans JF, Fernando A, Ragolia L. Functional melanocortin-2 receptors are expressed by mouse aorta-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 355:60-70. [PMID: 22306084 PMCID: PMC3485690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A local melanocortin system is active during tissue injury and inflammation. Thus far this system has been described as autocrine in nature where local production of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides by leukocytes feeds back on melanocortin receptor (MC-R) expressing immune cells to quell inflammatory cytokine production. Here we present evidence that POMC peptides may generate extracellular matrix (ECM) changes by inducing matrix production by cells of the mesenchymal lineage through activation of the MC2-R. Using immunoblot, we determined that mouse aorta-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells express both MC2-R and MC3-R. These progenitors respond to treatment with ACTH by increasing collagen matrix synthesis as assessed by picrosirius red stain and (3)H-proline incorporation. ACTH also induces transient increases in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) as assessed using the fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator, fura-2. The ACTH-induced changes in [Ca(2+)](i) are consistent with MC2-R signaling and consist of both an intracellular release and an extracellular influx of Ca(2+). Both mouse aortic mesenchymal progenitors and mouse macrophage cells express POMC and the prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) indicating they have the potential to contribute to the local production of POMC peptides. These data demonstrate functional MC2-R expression in mouse aorta-derived mesenchymal progenitors and implicate both macrophage and mesenchymal cells as relevant sources of local POMC peptides.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Azo Compounds
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/genetics
- Collagen/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/drug effects
- Fura-2
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
- Proprotein Convertase 1/genetics
- Proprotein Convertase 1/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi F. Evans
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, NY 11501
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Anne Fernando
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, NY 11501
| | - Louis Ragolia
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, NY 11501
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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46
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Skelding KA, Rostas JAP. The role of molecular regulation and targeting in regulating calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:703-30. [PMID: 22453966 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases can be classified as one of two types - restricted or multifunctional. This family of kinases contains several structural similarities: all possess a calmodulin binding motif and an autoinhibitory region. In addition, all of the calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter are regulated by phosphorylation, which either activates or inhibits their kinase activity. However, as the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases are ubiquitously expressed, yet regulate a broad range of cellular functions, additional levels of regulation that control these cell-specific functions must exist. These additional layers of control include gene expression, signaling pathways, and expression of binding proteins and molecular targeting. All of the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter appear to be regulated by these additional layers of control, however, this does not appear to be the case for the restricted kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Skelding
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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47
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Zhang H, Liu S, Zhou Y, Tan J, Che H, Ning F, Zhang X, Xun W, Huo N, Tang L, Deng Z, Jin Y. Natural mineralized scaffolds promote the dentinogenic potential of dental pulp stem cells via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 18:677-91. [PMID: 21988658 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of a suitable scaffold material is important for dentin tissue regeneration, as the characteristics of biomaterials can potentially influence cell proliferation and differentiation. We compared the effects of different scaffolds on dentin regeneration based on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and investigated the regulatory mechanisms of odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs by these scaffolds. Five different scaffolds were tested: demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), ceramic bovine bone (CBB), small intestinal submucosa (SIS), poly-L-lactate-co-glycolate, and collagen-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronic acid. DPSCs cultured on DDM and CBB exhibited higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA expression of bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) than those cultured on the other three scaffolds. Further, the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK1/2 and p38 in DPSCs cultured on DDM and CBB were also significantly enhanced compared with the other three scaffolds, and their inhibitors significantly inhibited odontogenic differentiation as assessed by ALP activity and mRNA expression of DSPP and DMP-1. The implantation experiment confirmed these results and showed a large amount of regular-shaped dentin-pulp complex tissues, including dentin, predentin, and odontoblasts only in the DDM and CBB groups. The results indicated that natural mineralized scaffolds (DDM and CBB) have potential as attractive scaffolds for dentin tissue-engineering-promoted odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs through the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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48
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Brindley D, Moorthy K, Lee JH, Mason C, Kim HW, Wall I. Bioprocess forces and their impact on cell behavior: implications for bone regeneration therapy. J Tissue Eng 2011; 2011:620247. [PMID: 21904661 PMCID: PMC3166560 DOI: 10.4061/2011/620247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprocess forces such as shear stress experienced during routine cell culture are considered to be harmful to cells. However, the impact of physical forces on cell behavior is an area of growing interest within the tissue engineering community, and it is widely acknowledged that mechanical stimulation including shear stress can enhance osteogenic differentiation. This paper considers the effects of bioprocess shear stress on cell responses such as survival and proliferation in several contexts, including suspension-adapted cells used for recombinant protein and monoclonal antibody manufacture, adherent cells for therapy in suspension, and adherent cells attached to their growth substrates. The enhanced osteogenic differentiation that fluid flow shear stress is widely found to induce is discussed, along with the tissue engineering of mineralized tissue using perfusion bioreactors. Recent evidence that bioprocess forces produced during capillary transfer or pipetting of cell suspensions can enhance osteogenic responses is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brindley
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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49
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Blair HC, Robinson LJ, Huang CLH, Sun L, Friedman PA, Schlesinger PH, Zaidi M. Calcium and bone disease. Biofactors 2011; 37:159-67. [PMID: 21674636 PMCID: PMC3608212 DOI: 10.1002/biof.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium transport and calcium signaling are of basic importance in bone cells. Bone is the major store of calcium and a key regulatory organ for calcium homeostasis. Bone, in major part, responds to calcium-dependent signals from the parathyroids and via vitamin D metabolites, although bone retains direct response to extracellular calcium if parathyroid regulation is lost. Improved understanding of calcium transporters and calcium-regulated cellular processes has resulted from analysis of genetic defects, including several defects with low or high bone mass. Osteoblasts deposit calcium by mechanisms including phosphate and calcium transport with alkalinization to absorb acid created by mineral deposition; cartilage calcium mineralization occurs by passive diffusion and phosphate production. Calcium mobilization by osteoclasts is mediated by acid secretion. Both bone forming and bone resorbing cells use calcium signals as regulators of differentiation and activity. This has been studied in more detail in osteoclasts, where both osteoclast differentiation and motility are regulated by calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Blair
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Veterans Affairs Health System, PA, USA.
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50
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Lim B, Ju H, Kim M, Kang C. Increased genetic susceptibility to intestinal-type gastric cancer is associated with increased activity of the RUNX3 distal promoter. Cancer 2011; 117:5161-71. [PMID: 21523770 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The runt-related transcription factor RUNX3 plays essential roles in various types of tumors, including gastric cancer. Epigenetic changes in the methylation of the RUNX3 proximal promoter, but not common genetic changes in RUNX3, have been associated with both changes in the gene expression and development of the cancer. METHODS A case-control association study was conducted by genotyping 865 unrelated Korean subjects. Subsequent functional studies were performed to reveal functional implication of genetic association. RESULTS Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RUNX3 were significantly associated with susceptibility to intestinal-type gastric cancer (.0028 ≤ P ≤ .022) but not diffuse-type gastric cancer (.70 ≤ P ≤ .96). The risk-associated, minor variant of an intestinal-type gastric cancer-associated SNP in the RUNX3 distal promoter (rs7528484) significantly increased promoter activity in a CREB1-dependent manner. The distal promoter-derived, 33 kDa isoform of RUNX3 increased the activity of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which had been activated by Helicobacter pylori infection, a risk factor for intestinal-type gastric cancer, and the expression of the interleukin-1β gene (IL1B), an NF-κB target genetically and functionally associated with gastric cancer. In contrast, the proximal promoter-derived, 44 kDa isoform of RUNX3 decreased both NF-κB activity and IL1B expression. CONCLUSIONS In addition to epigenetic changes in the RUNX3 proximal promoter, genetic changes in the distal promoter may be associated with susceptibility to intestinal-type gastric cancer by increasing promoter activity. Functionally, 2 RUNX3 isoforms may contribute differentially to intestinal-type gastric cancer susceptibility, at least in part through regulating NF-κB activity and IL1B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungho Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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