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Ceci C, Lacal PM, Barbaccia ML, Mercuri NB, Graziani G, Ledonne A. The VEGFs/VEGFRs system in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107101. [PMID: 38336311 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their cognate receptors (VEGFRs), besides their well-known involvement in physiological angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and in diseases associated to pathological vessel formation, play multifaceted functions in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to shaping brain development, by controlling cerebral vasculogenesis and regulating neurogenesis as well as astrocyte differentiation, the VEGFs/VEGFRs axis exerts essential functions in the adult brain both in physiological and pathological contexts. In this article, after describing the physiological VEGFs/VEGFRs functions in the CNS, we focus on the VEGFs/VEGFRs involvement in neurodegenerative diseases by reviewing the current literature on the rather complex VEGFs/VEGFRs contribution to the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Thereafter, based on the outcome of VEGFs/VEGFRs targeting in animal models of AD and PD, we discuss the factual relevance of pharmacological VEGFs/VEGFRs modulation as a novel and potential disease-modifying approach for these neurodegenerative pathologies. Specific VEGFRs targeting, aimed at selective VEGFR-1 inhibition, while preserving VEGFR-2 signal transduction, appears as a promising strategy to hit the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology. Moreover, therapeutic VEGFs-based approaches can be proposed for PD treatment, with the aim of fine-tuning their brain levels to amplify neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects while limiting an excessive impact on vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Barbaccia
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Rome, Italy; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ada Ledonne
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Rome, Italy; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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2
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Stratton HJ, Boinon L, Gomez K, Martin L, Duran P, Ran D, Zhou Y, Luo S, Perez-Miller S, Patek M, Ibrahim MM, Patwardhan A, Moutal A, Khanna R. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor A/neuropilin 1 axis for relief of neuropathic pain. Pain 2023; 164:1473-1488. [PMID: 36729125 PMCID: PMC10277229 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a pronociceptive factor that causes neuronal sensitization and pain. We reported that blocking the interaction between the membrane receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and VEGF-A-blocked VEGF-A-mediated sensory neuron hyperexcitability and reduced mechanical hypersensitivity in a rodent chronic neuropathic pain model. These findings identified the NRP1-VEGF-A signaling axis for therapeutic targeting of chronic pain. In an in-silico screening of approximately 480 K small molecules binding to the extracellular b1b2 pocket of NRP1, we identified 9 chemical series, with 6 compounds disrupting VEGF-A binding to NRP1. The small molecule with greatest efficacy, 4'-methyl-2'-morpholino-2-(phenylamino)-[4,5'-bipyrimidin]-6(1H)-one, designated NRP1-4, was selected for further evaluation. In cultured primary sensory neurons, VEGF-A enhanced excitability and decreased firing threshold, which was blocked by NRP1-4. In addition, NaV1.7 and CaV2.2 currents and membrane expression were potentiated by treatment with VEGF-A, and this potentiation was blocked by NRP1-4 cotreatment. Neuropilin 1-4 reduced VEGF-A-mediated increases in the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Neuropilin 1-4 did not bind to more than 300 G-protein-coupled receptors and receptors including human opioids receptors, indicating a favorable safety profile. In rats with spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, intrathecal administration of NRP1-4 significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia. Intravenous treatment with NRP1-4 reversed both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats with L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain. Collectively, our findings show that NRP1-4 is a first-in-class compound targeting the NRP1-VEGF-A signaling axis to control voltage-gated ion channel function, neuronal excitability, and synaptic activity that curb chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J. Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, Arizona, 85724 United States of America
| | - Lisa Boinon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, Arizona, 85724 United States of America
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Laurent Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, Arizona, 85724 United States of America
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, Arizona, 85724 United States of America
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, Arizona, 85724 United States of America
| | - Shizhen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, Arizona, 85724 United States of America
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Marcel Patek
- BrightRock Path, LLC, Tucson, Arizona 85704, United States
| | - Mohab M. Ibrahim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, Arizona, 85724 United States of America
| | - Amol Patwardhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona; Tucson, Arizona, 85724 United States of America
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Saint Louis University - School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., Schwitalla Hall, Room 432, Saint Louis, MO 63104
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
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Deyama S, Aoki S, Sugie R, Fukuda H, Shuto S, Minami M, Kaneda K. Intranasal Administration of Resolvin E1 Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects via BDNF/VEGF-mTORC1 Signaling in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:484-501. [PMID: 36622634 PMCID: PMC10121976 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular infusion of resolvin E1 (RvE1), a bioactive metabolite derived from eicosapentaenoic acid, exerts antidepressant-like effects in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression; these effects are blocked by systemic injection of rapamycin, a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor. Additionally, local infusion of RvE1 into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) produces antidepressant-like effects. To evaluate the potential of RvE1 for clinical use, the present study examined whether treatment with RvE1 via intranasal (i.n.) route, a non-invasive route for effective drug delivery to the brain, produces antidepressant-like effects in LPS-challenged mice using tail suspension and forced swim tests. Intranasal administration of RvE1 significantly attenuated LPS-induced immobility, and these antidepressant-like effects were completely blocked by an AMPA receptor antagonist or L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker. The antidepressant-like effects of both i.n. and intra-mPFC administrations of RvE1 were blocked by intra-mPFC infusion of a neutralizing antibody (nAb) for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Intra-mPFC infusion of rapamycin completely blocked the antidepressant-like effects of both i.n. and intra-mPFC administrations of RvE1 as well as those of intra-mPFC infusion of BDNF and VEGF. Moreover, i.n. RvE1 produced antidepressant-like effects via mTORC1 activation in the mPFC of a mouse model of repeated prednisolone-induced depression. Intra-dorsal DG infusion of BDNF and VEGF nAbs, but not rapamycin, blocked the antidepressant-like effects of i.n. RvE1. These findings suggest that i.n. administration of RvE1 produces antidepressant-like effects through activity-dependent BDNF/VEGF release in the mPFC and dorsal DG, and mTORC1 activation in the mPFC, but not in the dorsal DG. Thus, RvE1 can be a promising candidate for a novel rapid-acting antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Shun Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Rinako Sugie
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hayato Fukuda
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masabumi Minami
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Deyama S, Kaneda K. Role of neurotrophic and growth factors in the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109335. [PMID: 36403852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression proposes that reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contribute to neuronal atrophy or loss in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus and impaired hippocampal adult neurogenesis, which are associated with depressive symptoms. Chronic, but acute, treatment with typical monoaminergic antidepressants can at least partially reverse these deficits, in part via induction of BDNF and/or VEGF expression, consistent with their delayed onset of action. Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Rodent studies have revealed that ketamine rapidly increases BDNF and VEGF release and/or expression in the PFC and hippocampus, which in turn increases the number and function of spine synapses in the PFC and hippocampal neurogenesis. Ketamine also induces the persistent release of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the PFC of male mice. These neurotrophic effects of ketamine are associated with its rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. In this review, we first provide an overview of the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression and then discuss the role of BDNF, VEGF, IGF-1, and other growth factors (IGF-2 and transforming growth factor-β1) in the antidepressant effects of ketamine and its enantiomers. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Ketamine and its Metabolites'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Hu J, Zhu M, Li D, Wu Q, Le YZ. Critical Role of VEGF as a Direct Regulator of Photoreceptor Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:487-491. [PMID: 37440076 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), a major pathogenic factor for diabetic and hypoxic blood-retina barrier (BRB) diseases, has been shown to act as a direct functional regulator for neurons in the peripheral and central nerve systems. To determine if VEGF plays a direct role in regulating retinal neuronal function, we established specific experimental procedures and examined the effect of recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) on photoreceptor function with electroretinography (ERG) in mice. In our case, rVEGF caused a significant reduction of scotopic ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and photopic ERG b-wave amplitudes in a dose-dependent manner in dark-adapted wild-type (WT) mice, shortly after the intravitreal delivery of rVEGF in dark. However, the effect of rVEGF on photoreceptor function was nullified in adult Akita diabetic mice. Our data strongly suggest that VEGF is a direct regulator of photoreceptor function and VEGF upregulation contributes significantly to the diabetes-induced reduction of photoreceptor function. In this chapter, we will discuss the relevant background, key experimental procedures and results, and clinical significance of our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Hu
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Meili Zhu
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- School of Optometry, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Zheng Le
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Deyama S. [Elucidation of the Mechanisms Underlying the Rapid Antidepressant Actions of Ketamine and Search for Possible Candidates for Novel Rapid-acting Antidepressants]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2023; 143:713-720. [PMID: 37661437 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, elicits swift antidepressant effects even in subjects with treatment-resistant depression. Nonetheless, owing to the serious adverse effects associated with ketamine, including psychotomimetic effects, the development of safer rapid-acting antidepressants is imperative. The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of ketamine will facilitate the advancement of these alternative treatments. Previous preclinical studies have indicated that the antidepressant properties of ketamine are mediated by the activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the subsequent activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Our research has demonstrated that ketamine exerts antidepressant-like effects by inducing the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the mPFC. Furthermore, our recent findings have revealed that resolvins (RvD1, RvD2, RvE1, RvE2, and RvE3), which are bioactive lipid mediators derived from docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids, exhibit antidepressant-like effects in rodent models. Notably, the antidepressant-like effects of RvD1, RvD2, and RvE1 require mTORC1 activation. Moreover, the intranasal administration of RvE1 elicits rapid antidepressant-like effects through the release of BDNF and VEGF in the mPFC and hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), as well as mTORC1 activation in the mPFC, albeit not in the DG. These findings strongly suggest that resolvins, particularly RvD1, RvD2, and RvE1, hold promise as prospective candidates for novel, safer, and rapid-acting antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
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Fan XX, Sun WY, Li Y, Tang Q, Li LN, Yu X, Wang SY, Fan AR, Xu XQ, Chang HS. Honokiol improves depression-like behaviors in rats by HIF-1α- VEGF signaling pathway activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968124. [PMID: 36091747 PMCID: PMC9453876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of depression is closely linked to impairments in neuronal synaptic plasticity. Honokiol, a biologically active substance extracted from Magnolia Officinalis, has been proven to exert significant antidepressant effects. However, the specific mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, PC12 cells and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model rats were used to explore the antidepressant effects and potential mechanisms of honokiol in vitro and in rats. In vitro experiment, a cell viability detection kit was used to screen the concentration and time of honokiol administration. PC12 cells were administered with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) blocker, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) blocker, SU5416, to detect the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, synaptic protein 1 (SYN 1), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95) by western blotting. In effect, we investigated whether the synaptic plasticity action of honokiol was dependent on the HIF-1α-VEGF pathway. In vivo, behavioral tests were used to evaluate the reproducibility of the CUMS depression model and depression-like behaviors. Molecular biology techniques were used to examine mRNA and protein expression of the HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators. Additionally, molecular docking techniques were used to study the interaction between honokiol and target proteins, and predict their binding patterns and affinities. Experimental results showed that honokiol significantly reversed CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors. Mechanically, honokiol exerted a significant antidepressant effect by enhancing synaptic plasticity. At the molecular level, honokiol can activate the HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, as well as promote the protein expression levels of SYN 1 and PSD 95. Taken together, the results do not only provide an experimental basis for honokiol in the clinical treatment of depression but also suggest that the HIF-1α-VEGF pathway may be a potential target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Yan Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ang-Ran Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Xu
- Experiment Center, Encephalopathy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Sheng Chang, ; Xiang-Qing Xu,
| | - Hong-Sheng Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Sheng Chang, ; Xiang-Qing Xu,
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Hu J, Zhu M, Li D, Wu Q, Le YZ. VEGF as a Direct Functional Regulator of Photoreceptors and Contributing Factor to Diabetes-Induced Alteration of Photoreceptor Function. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070988. [PMID: 34356612 PMCID: PMC8301820 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major therapeutic target for blood-retina barrier (BRB) breakdown in diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and other hypoxic retinal vascular disorders. To determine whether VEGF is a direct regulator of retinal neuronal function and its potential role in altering vision during the progression of DR, we examined the immediate impact of recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) on photoreceptor function with electroretinography in C57BL6 background wild-type (WT) and Akita spontaneous diabetic mice. Shortly after intravitreal injections, rVEGF caused a significant reduction of scotopic ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and photopic ERG b-wave amplitudes in a dose-dependent manner in dark-adapted 1.5-mo-old WT mice. Compared with WT controls, 5-mo-old Akita spontaneous diabetic mice demonstrated a significant reduction in scotopic ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and photopic ERG b-wave amplitudes. However, the effect of rVEGF altered photoreceptor function in WT controls was diminished in 5-mo-old Akita spontaneous diabetic mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that VEGF is a direct functional regulator of photoreceptors and VEGF up-regulation in DR is a contributing factor to diabetes-induced alteration of photoreceptor function. This information is critical to the understanding of the therapeutic effect and to the care of anti-VEGF drug-treated patients for BRB breakdown in DR, AMD, and other hypoxic retinal vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Meili Zhu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Dai Li
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
- School of Optometry, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (Y.-Z.L.)
| | - Yun-Zheng Le
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (Y.-Z.L.)
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9
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Hou X, Du HJ, Zhou J, Hu D, Wang YS, Li X. Role of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C in the Regulation of Inner Endothelial Blood-Retinal Barrier Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695657. [PMID: 34164405 PMCID: PMC8215391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although JAM-C is abundantly expressed in the retinae and upregulated in choroidal neovascularization (CNV), it remains thus far poorly understood whether it plays a role in the blood-retinal barrier, which is critical to maintain the normal functions of the eye. Here, we report that JAM-C is highly expressed in retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCECs), and VEGF or PDGF-C treatment induced JAM-C translocation from the cytoplasm to the cytomembrane. Moreover, JAM-C knockdown in RCECs inhibited the adhesion and transmigration of macrophages from wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) patients to and through RCECs, whereas JAM-C overexpression in RCECs increased the adhesion and transmigration of macrophages from both wAMD patients and healthy controls. Importantly, the JAM-C overexpression-induced transmigration of macrophages from wAMD patients was abolished by the administration of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. Of note, we found that the serum levels of soluble JAM-C were more than twofold higher in wAMD patients than in healthy controls. Mechanistically, we show that JAM-C overexpression or knockdown in RCECs decreased or increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, respectively. Our findings suggest that the dynamic translocation of JAM-C induced by vasoactive molecules might be one of the mechanisms underlying inner endothelial BRB malfunction, and inhibition of JAM-C or PKC in RCECs may help maintain the normal function of the inner BRB. In addition, increased serum soluble JAM-C levels might serve as a molecular marker for wAMD, and modulating JAM-C activity may have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of BRB malfunction-related ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Jun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Deyama S, Minami M, Kaneda K. Resolvins as potential candidates for the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:33-39. [PMID: 34294370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast with the delayed onset of therapeutic responses and relatively low efficacy of currently available monoamine-based antidepressants, a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, produces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions even in patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, since the clinical use of ketamine as an antidepressant is limited owing to its adverse effects, such as psychotomimetic/dissociative effects and abuse potential, there is an unmet need for novel rapid-acting antidepressants with fewer side effects. Preclinical studies have revealed that the antidepressant actions of ketamine are mediated via the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, with the subsequent activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Recently, we demonstrated that resolvins (RvD1, RvD2, RvE1, RvE2 and RvE3), endogenous lipid mediators generated from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids), exert antidepressant effects in a rodent model of depression, and that the antidepressant effects of RvD1, RvD2, and RvE1 necessitate mTORC1 activation. In this review, we first provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of ketamine and other rapid-acting agents. We then discuss the possibility of using resolvins as novel therapeutic candidates for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Masabumi Minami
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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11
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Martin L, Bouvet P, Chounlamountri N, Watrin C, Besançon R, Pinatel D, Meyronet D, Honnorat J, Buisson A, Salin PA, Meissirel C. VEGF counteracts amyloid-β-induced synaptic dysfunction. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109121. [PMID: 33979625 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway regulates key processes in synapse function, which are disrupted in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by toxic-soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (Aβo). Here, we show that VEGF accumulates in and around Aβ plaques in postmortem brains of patients with AD and in APP/PS1 mice, an AD mouse model. We uncover specific binding domains involved in direct interaction between Aβo and VEGF and reveal that this interaction jeopardizes VEGFR2 activation in neurons. Notably, we demonstrate that VEGF gain of function rescues basal synaptic transmission, long-term potentiation (LTP), and dendritic spine alterations, and blocks long-term depression (LTD) facilitation triggered by Aβo. We further decipher underlying mechanisms and find that VEGF inhibits the caspase-3-calcineurin pathway responsible for postsynaptic glutamate receptor loss due to Aβo. These findings provide evidence for alterations of the VEGF pathway in AD models and suggest that restoring VEGF action on neurons may rescue synaptic dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Martin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Bouvet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Naura Chounlamountri
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Chantal Watrin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Roger Besançon
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Pinatel
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Cancer Cell Plasticity, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, 69000 Lyon, France; Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Alain Buisson
- GIN, INSERM U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Salin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Forgetting processes and cortical dynamics, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Claire Meissirel
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.
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12
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Coelho‐Santos V, Shih AY. Postnatal development of cerebrovascular structure and the neurogliovascular unit. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e363. [PMID: 31576670 PMCID: PMC7027551 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The unceasing metabolic demands of brain function are supported by an intricate three-dimensional network of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, designed to effectively distribute blood to all neurons and to provide shelter from harmful molecules in the blood. The development and maturation of this microvasculature involves a complex interplay between endothelial cells with nearly all other brain cell types (pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons), orchestrated throughout embryogenesis and the first few weeks after birth in mice. Both the expansion and regression of vascular networks occur during the postnatal period of cerebrovascular remodeling. Pial vascular networks on the brain surface are dense at birth and are then selectively pruned during the postnatal period, with the most dramatic changes occurring in the pial venular network. This is contrasted to an expansion of subsurface capillary networks through the induction of angiogenesis. Concurrent with changes in vascular structure, the integration and cross talk of neurovascular cells lead to establishment of blood-brain barrier integrity and neurovascular coupling to ensure precise control of macromolecular passage and metabolic supply. While we still possess a limited understanding of the rules that control cerebrovascular development, we can begin to assemble a view of how this complex process evolves, as well as identify gaps in knowledge for the next steps of research. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Coelho‐Santos
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashington
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Andy Y. Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashington
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
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13
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Deyama S, Duman RS. Neurotrophic mechanisms underlying the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 188:172837. [PMID: 31830487 PMCID: PMC6997025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that depression, one of the most common psychiatric illnesses, is associated with reduced levels of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), contributing to neuronal atrophy in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, and reduced hippocampal adult neurogenesis. Conventional monoaminergic antidepressants can block/reverse, at least partially, these deficits in part via induction of BDNF and/or VEGF, although these drugs have significant limitations, notably a time lag for therapeutic response and low response rates. Recent studies reveal that ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist produces rapid (within hours) and sustained (up to a week) antidepressant actions in both patients with treatment-resistant depression and rodent models of depression. Rodent studies also demonstrate that ketamine rapidly increases BDNF and VEGF release and/or expression in the medial PFC (mPFC) and hippocampus, leading to increase in the number and function of spine synapses in the mPFC and enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis. These neurotrophic effects of ketamine are associated with the antidepressant effects of this drug. Together, these findings provide evidence for a neurotrophic mechanism underlying the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine and pave the way for the development of rapid and more effective antidepressants with fewer side effects than ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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14
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Novel compounds for the modulation of mTOR and autophagy to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Signal 2020; 65:109442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Huang Y, Wang J, Zhu B, Fu P. CSF VEGF Was Positively Associated with Neurogranin Independent of β-Amyloid Pathology. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1737-1744. [PMID: 32801708 PMCID: PMC7383019 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s252008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence suggests that both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and synaptic failure have been involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not clear whether CSF VEGF levels are associated with synaptic function in living human. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study, we included a total of 291 older individuals, including 83 individuals with normal cognition (NC), 143 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 65 patients with AD. Several linear regression models were conducted to examine the associations of CSF VEGF with CSF neurogranin levels (NG, reflecting synaptic degeneration) when controlling for other potential confounding factors, including age, gender, years of education, clinical diagnosis, APOE4 genotype and CSF β-amyloid 42 (Aβ 42) levels. RESULTS There was no significant difference in VEGF levels between the three diagnostic groups. In the pooled sample, females had significantly lower levels of VEGF than males. Aβ-positive (CSF Aβ 42 < 192 pg/mL) individuals had lower levels of VEGF than Aβ-negative individuals. However, the relationships between VEGF and NG levels were not modified by disease stage. Finally, we found that CSF VEGF levels were associated with NG levels with adjustment of age, gender, years of education, clinical diagnosis, APOE4 genotype and CSF Aβ 42 levels. CONCLUSION CSF VEGF levels were associated with NG independent of AD pathology and disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Huang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bihong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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16
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Harde E, Nicholson L, Furones Cuadrado B, Bissen D, Wigge S, Urban S, Segarra M, Ruiz de Almodóvar C, Acker-Palmer A. EphrinB2 regulates VEGFR2 during dendritogenesis and hippocampal circuitry development. eLife 2019; 8:49819. [PMID: 31868584 PMCID: PMC6927743 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that play important roles in the nervous system, although it is still unclear which receptors transduce those signals in neurons. Here, we show that in the developing hippocampus VEGFR2 (also known as KDR or FLK1) is expressed specifically in the CA3 region and it is required for dendritic arborization and spine morphogenesis in hippocampal neurons. Mice lacking VEGFR2 in neurons (Nes-cre Kdrlox/-) show decreased dendritic arbors and spines as well as a reduction in long-term potentiation (LTP) at the associational-commissural – CA3 synapses. Mechanistically, VEGFR2 internalization is required for VEGF-induced spine maturation. In analogy to endothelial cells, ephrinB2 controls VEGFR2 internalization in neurons. VEGFR2-ephrinB2 compound mice (Nes-cre Kdrlox/+ Efnb2lox/+) show reduced dendritic branching, reduced spine head size and impaired LTP. Our results demonstrate the functional crosstalk of VEGFR2 and ephrinB2 in vivo to control dendritic arborization, spine morphogenesis and hippocampal circuitry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harde
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - LaShae Nicholson
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Beatriz Furones Cuadrado
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Diane Bissen
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Wigge
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Severino Urban
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta Segarra
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodóvar
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Deyama S, Bang E, Kato T, Li XY, Duman RS. Neurotrophic and Antidepressant Actions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Require Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:143-152. [PMID: 30712809 PMCID: PMC6597338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is essential for the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine, and a recent study shows a similar requirement for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Since BDNF is reported to stimulate VEGF expression and/or release in neuroblastoma cells, the present study tested the hypothesis that the actions of BDNF are mediated by VEGF. METHODS The role of VEGF in the antidepressant behavioral actions of BDNF was tested by intra-mPFC coinfusion of a VEGF neutralizing antibody and by neuron-specific deletion of VEGF. The influence of BDNF on the release of VEGF and the role of VEGF in the neurotrophic actions of BDNF were determined in rat primary cortical neurons. The role of BDNF in the behavioral and neurotrophic actions of VEGF was also determined. RESULTS The results show that the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like actions of intra-mPFC BDNF are blocked by coinfusion of a VEGF neutralizing antibody, and that neuron-specific mPFC deletion of VEGF blocks the antidepressant-like actions of BDNF. Studies in primary cortical neurons demonstrate that BDNF stimulates the release of VEGF and that BDNF induction of dendrite complexity is blocked by a selective VEGF-fetal liver kinase 1 receptor antagonist. Surprisingly, the results also show reciprocal interactions, indicating that the behavioral and neurotrophic actions of VEGF are dependent on BDNF. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the antidepressant-like and neurotrophic actions of BDNF require VEGF signaling, but they also demonstrate reciprocal interdependence for BDNF in the actions of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eunyoung Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Taro Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Suita 564-0053, Japan
| | - Xiao-Yuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ronald S. Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Correspondence: Ronald S. Duman, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Tel: 203-974-7726, Fax: 203-974-7724,
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18
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Latzer P, Shchyglo O, Hartl T, Matschke V, Schlegel U, Manahan-Vaughan D, Theiss C. Blocking VEGF by Bevacizumab Compromises Electrophysiological and Morphological Properties of Hippocampal Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:113. [PMID: 30971896 PMCID: PMC6445260 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is neoangiogenesis, mediated by the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Anti-VEGF antibodies, like bevacizumab, prolong progression-free survival in GBM, however, this treatment has been reported to be associated with a decline in neurocognitive function. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of bevacizumab on neuronal function and plasticity. We analyzed neuronal membrane properties and synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampal slices, as well as spine dynamics in dissociated hippocampal neurons, to examine the impact of bevacizumab on hippocampal function and viability. VEGF inhibition resulted in profound impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity as well as reductions in dendritic spine number and length. Physiological properties of hippocampal neurons were also affected. These effects of VEGF blockade on hippocampal function may play a role in compromising memory and information processing and thus, may contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction in GBM patients treated with bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Latzer
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Olena Shchyglo
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Hartl
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Uwe Schlegel
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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19
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Kou ZW, Mo JL, Wu KW, Qiu MH, Huang YL, Tao F, Lei Y, Lv LL, Sun FY. Vascular endothelial growth factor increases the function of calcium-impermeable AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit in astrocytes via activation of protein kinase C signaling pathway. Glia 2019; 67:1344-1358. [PMID: 30883902 PMCID: PMC6594043 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytic calcium signaling plays pivotal roles in the maintenance of neural functions and neurovascular coupling in the brain. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an original biological substance of vessels, regulates the movement of calcium and potassium ions across neuronal membrane. In this study, we investigated whether and how VEGF regulates glutamate-induced calcium influx in astrocytes. We used cultured astrocytes combined with living cell imaging to detect the calcium influx induced by glutamate. We found that VEGF quickly inhibited the glutamate/hypoxia-induced calcium influx, which was blocked by an AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX, but not D-AP5 or UBP310, NMDA and kainate receptor antagonist, respectively. VEGF increased phosphorylation of PKCα and AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 in astrocytes, and these effects were diminished by SU1498 or calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor. With the pHluorin assay, we observed that VEGF significantly increased membrane insertion and expression of GluA2, but not GluA1, in astrocytes. Moreover, siRNA-produced knockdown of GluA2 expression in astrocytes reversed the inhibitory effect of VEGF on glutamate-induced calcium influx. Together, our results suggest that VEGF reduces glutamate-induced calcium influx in astrocytes via enhancing PKCα-mediated GluA2 phosphorylation, which in turn promotes the membrane insertion and expression of GluA2 and causes AMPA receptors to switch from calcium-permeable to calcium-impermeable receptors, thereby inhibiting astrocytic calcium influx. The present study reveals that excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate-mediated astrocytic calcium influx can be regulated by vascular biological factor via activation of AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit and uncovers a novel coupling mechanism between astrocytes and endothelial cells within the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Wei Kou
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute for Basic Research on Aging and Medicine of School of Basic Medical Sciences and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jia-Lin Mo
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute for Basic Research on Aging and Medicine of School of Basic Medical Sciences and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kun-Wei Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of System Biology for Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mei-Hong Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute for Basic Research on Aging and Medicine of School of Basic Medical Sciences and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ya-Lin Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of System Biology for Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute for Basic Research on Aging and Medicine of School of Basic Medical Sciences and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Lv
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute for Basic Research on Aging and Medicine of School of Basic Medical Sciences and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng-Yan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute for Basic Research on Aging and Medicine of School of Basic Medical Sciences and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of System Biology for Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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20
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Bettio L, Thacker JS, Hutton C, Christie BR. Modulation of synaptic plasticity by exercise. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:295-322. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Liang H, Nie J, Van Skike CE, Valentine JM, Orr ME. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin at the Crossroad Between Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1128:185-225. [PMID: 31062331 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3540-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease may manifest as a metabolic disorder with pathology and/or dysfunction in numerous tissues. Adults with Alzheimer's disease suffer with significantly more comorbidities than demographically matched Medicare beneficiaries (Zhao et al, BMC Health Serv Res 8:108, 2008b). Reciprocally, comorbid health conditions increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (Haaksma et al, PLoS One 12(5):e0177044, 2017). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is especially notable as the disease shares many overlapping pathologies observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and cognitive dysfunction, as described in Chap. 8 of this book (Yoshitake et al, Neurology 45(6):1161-1168, 1995; Leibson et al, Am J Epidemiol 145(4):301-308, 1997; Ott et al, Neurology 53(9):1937-1942, 1999; Voisin et al, Rev Med Interne 24(Suppl 3):288s-291s, 2003; Janson et al. Diabetes 53(2):474-481, 2004; Ristow M, J Mol Med (Berl) 82(8):510-529, 2004; Whitmer et al, BMJ 330(7504):1360, 2005, Curr Alzheimer Res 4(2):103-109, 2007; Ohara et al, Neurology 77(12):1126-1134, 2011). Although nondiabetic older adults also experience age-related cognitive decline, diabetes is uniquely associated with a twofold increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, as described in Chap. 2 of this book (Yoshitake et al, Neurology 45(6):1161-1168, 1995; Leibson et al, Am J Epidemiol 145(4):301-308, 1997; Ott et al. Neurology 53(9):1937-1942, 1999; Ohara et al, Neurology 77(12):1126-1134, 2011). Good glycemic control has been shown to improve cognitive status (Cukierman-et al, Diabetes Care 32(2):221-226, 2009), and the use of insulin sensitizers is correlated with a lower rate of cognitive decline in older adults (Morris JK, Burns JM, Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 12(5):520-527, 2012). At the molecular level, the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Nutrient availability and cellular stress information, both extracellular and intracellular, are integrated and transduced through mTOR signaling pathways. Aberrant regulation of mTOR occurs in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and in numerous tissues of individuals with type 2 diabetes (Mannaa et al, J Mol Med (Berl) 91(10):1167-1175, 2013). Moreover, modulating mTOR activity with a pharmacological inhibitor, rapamycin, provides wide-ranging health benefits, including healthy life span extension in numerous model organisms (Vellai et al, Nature 426(6967):620, 2003; Jia et al, Development 131(16):3897-3906, 2004; Kapahi et al, Curr Biol 14(10):885-890, 2004; Kaeberlein et al, Science 310(5751):1193-1196, 2005; Powers et al, Genes Dev 20(2):174-184, 2006; Harrison et al, Nature 460(7253):392-395, 2009; Selman et al, Science 326(5949):140-144, 2009; Sharp ZD, Strong R, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 65(6):580-589, 2010), which underscores its importance to overall organismal health and longevity. In this chapter, we discuss the physiological role of mTOR signaling and the consequences of mTOR dysregulation in the brain and peripheral tissues, with emphasis on its relevance to the development of Alzheimer's disease and link to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jia Nie
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Candice E Van Skike
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Valentine
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Miranda E Orr
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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22
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Fang B, Chen X, Wu M, Kong H, Chu G, Zhou Z, Zhang C, Chen B. Luteolin inhibits angiogenesis of the M2‑like TAMs via the downregulation of hypoxia inducible factor‑1α and the STAT3 signalling pathway under hypoxia. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2914-2922. [PMID: 30015852 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between angiogenic inducers and inhibitors appears to be a critical factor in tumour pathogenesis. Angiogenesis serves a key role in the occurrence, invasion and metastasis of tumours. Macrophages are a major cellular component of human and rodent tumours, where they are usually termed tumour‑associated macrophages (TAMs). In malignant tumours, TAMs tend to resemble alternatively activated macrophages (M2‑like), promote TA angiogenesis, strengthen tumour migration and invasive abilities, and simultaneously inhibit antitumor immune responses. In our previous study, luteolin, commonly found in a wide variety of plants, had a strong antitumor effect under normoxia; however, it is unknown whether luteolin serves a similar role under hypoxia. In the present study, cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was used to simulate hypoxia. Hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α), which is difficult to detect under normoxic conditions, was significantly increased. Additionally, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also significantly increased in response to CoCl2 treatment. Subsequently, luteolin was applied with CoCl2 to examine the effects of luteolin. Luteolin decreased the expression of VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase‑9, which promote angiogenesis. In addition, luteolin also suppressed the activation of HIF‑1 and phosphorylated‑signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling, particularly within the M2‑like TAMs. The results of the present study provide novel evidence that luteolin, under hypoxic conditions, has a strong anticancer effect via the HIF‑1α and STAT3 signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbo Fang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xuehai Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Hongru Kong
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Guanyu Chu
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxu Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Chunwu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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23
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Ng T, Phey XY, Yeo HL, Shwe M, Gan YX, Ng R, Ho HK, Chan A. Impact of Adjuvant Anthracycline-Based and Taxane-Based Chemotherapy on Plasma VEGF Levels and Cognitive Function in Breast Cancer Patients: A Longitudinal Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e927-e937. [PMID: 29705024 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to induce neurogenesis in the brain and yield neuroprotective effects. It is hypothesized that chemotherapy reduces circulating VEGF levels and leads to cognitive decline among patients. This multicenter longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the impact of chemotherapy on VEGF levels and the association between VEGF levels and cognitive function. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 145 early-stage breast cancer patients were recruited and assessed before chemotherapy (T1), during chemotherapy (T2), and at the end of chemotherapy (T3). At each time point, plasma VEGF levels were assessed using a multiplex immunoassay. Cognitive function was assessed using both Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function, Version 3 (FACT-Cog), and Headminder (a computerized, web-based neuropsychologic battery). RESULTS Generally, we observed higher-than-baseline plasma VEGF levels after the start of chemotherapy (P < .001). Among patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy, the median plasma VEGF levels were significantly higher at T2 (T2: 37.3 pg/mL vs. T1: 21.3 pg/mL; P < .001) and T3 (T3: 35.5 pg/mL vs. T1: 21.3 pg/mL; P < .001) than at baseline. Plasma VEGF levels were not associated with chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Breast cancer patients experience an increasing trend in plasma VEGF levels during chemotherapy, and the regimen types may have a differential effect on circulating VEGF levels. Furthermore, changes in plasma VEGF levels during chemotherapy were not associated with cognitive impairment. VEGF may play a minor role in mediating the occurrence of chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiang Yun Phey
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Ling Yeo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maung Shwe
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Xiang Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Oncology Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore.
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Synaptic loss and firing alterations in Axotomized Motoneurons are restored by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-B. Exp Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29522757 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as VEGF-A, was discovered due to its vasculogenic and angiogenic activity, but a neuroprotective role for VEGF was later proven for lesions and disorders. In different models of motoneuronal degeneration, VEGF administration leads to a significant reduction of motoneuronal death. However, there is no information about the physiological state of spared motoneurons. We examined the trophic role of VEGF on axotomized motoneurons with recordings in alert animals using the oculomotor system as the experimental model, complemented with a synaptic study at the confocal microscopy level. Axotomy leads to drastic alterations in the discharge characteristics of abducens motoneurons, as well as to a substantial loss of their synaptic inputs. Retrograde delivery of VEGF completely restored the discharge activity and synaptically-driven signals in injured motoneurons, as demonstrated by correlating motoneuronal firing rate with motor performance. Moreover, VEGF-treated motoneurons recovered a normal density of synaptic boutons around motoneuronal somata and in the neuropil, in contrast to the low levels of synaptic terminals found after axotomy. VEGF also reduced the astrogliosis induced by axotomy in the abducens nucleus to control values. The administration of VEGF-B produced results similar to those of VEGF. This is the first work demonstrating that VEGF and VEGF-B restore the normal operating mode and synaptic inputs on injured motoneurons. Altogether these data indicate that these molecules are relevant synaptotrophic factors for motoneurons and support their clinical potential for the treatment of motoneuronal disorders.
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25
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Xu T, Lou Y, Wang Q, Jin H, Zhang L, Feng Y, Xu H, Mao C. Upregulating mTOR/ERK signaling with leonurine for promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration in a full-thickness cutaneous wound model. Food Funct 2018; 9:2374-2385. [PMID: 29589609 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01289f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
LN promoted the angiogenesis of endothelial cells by activating the mTOR/ERK pathway, and efficiently enhanced the wound-healing processin vivo.
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26
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Yang P, Sun X, Kou ZW, Wu KW, Huang YL, Sun FY. VEGF Axonal Transport Dependent on Kinesin-1B and Microtubules Dynamics. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:424. [PMID: 29311814 PMCID: PMC5742618 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon-transport plays an important role in neuronal activity and survival. Reduced endogenous VEGF can cause neuronal damage and axon degeneration. It is unknown at this time if VEGF can be transported within the axon or whether it can be released by axonal depolarization. We transfected VEGF-eGFP plasmids in cultured hippocampal neurons and tracked their movement in the axons by live-cell confocal imaging. Then, we co-transfected phVEGF-eGFP and kinesin-1B-DsRed vectors into neurons and combined with immunoprecipitation and two-color imaging to study the mechanism of VEGF axon-trafficking. We found that VEGF vesicles morphologically co-localized and biochemically bounded with kinesin-1B, as well as co-trafficked with it in the axons. Moreover, the capacity for axonal trafficking of VEGF was reduced by administration of nocodazole, an inhibitor of microtubules, or kinesin-1B shRNA. In addition, we found that VEGF could release from the cultured neurons under acute depolarizing stimulation with potassium chloride. Therefore, present findings suggest that neuronal VEGF is stored in the vesicles, actively released, and transported in the axons, which depends on the presence of kinesin-1B and functional microtubules. These results further help us to understand the importance of neuronal VEGF in the maintenance of neuronal activity and survival throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Wei Kou
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun-Wei Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Lin Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Yan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7082696. [PMID: 29259984 PMCID: PMC5702949 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7082696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a molecular complex equipped with kinase activity which controls cell viability being key in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway. mTOR acts by integrating a number of environmental stimuli to regulate cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, and protein synthesis. These effects are based on the modulation of different metabolic pathways. Upregulation of mTOR associates with various pathological conditions, such as obesity, neurodegeneration, and brain tumors. This is the case of high-grade gliomas with a high propensity to proliferation and tissue invasion. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV malignant, aggressive, and lethal glioma. To date, a few treatments are available although the outcome of GBM patients remains poor. Experimental and pathological findings suggest that mTOR upregulation plays a major role in determining an aggressive phenotype, thus determining relapse and chemoresistance. Among several activities, mTOR-induced autophagy suppression is key in GBM malignancy. In this article, we discuss recent evidence about mTOR signaling and its role in normal brain development and pathological conditions, with a special emphasis on its role in GBM.
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28
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Wu KW, Mo JL, Kou ZW, Liu Q, Lv LL, Lei Y, Sun FY. Neurovascular Interaction Promotes the Morphological and Functional Maturation of Cortical Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:290. [PMID: 28966577 PMCID: PMC5605567 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) have been found to guide the migration, promote the survival and regulate the differentiation of neural cells. However, whether BMEC promote development and maturation of immature neurons is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we used a direct endothelium-neuron co-culture system combined with patch clamp recordings and confocal imaging analysis, to investigate the effects of endothelial cells on neuronal morphology and function during development. We found that endothelial cells co-culture or BMEC-conditioned medium (B-CM) promoted neurite outgrowth and spine formation, accelerated electrophysiological development and enhanced synapse function. Moreover, B-CM treatment induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and p38 phosphorylation in the cortical neurons. Through pharmacological analysis, we found that incubation with SU1498, an inhibitor of VEGF receptor, abolished B-CM-induced p-p38 upregulation and suppressed the enhancement of synapse formation and transmission. SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK also blocked B-CM-mediated synaptic regulation. Together these results clearly reveal that the endothelium-neuron interactions promote morphological and functional maturation of neurons. In addition, neurovascular interaction-mediated promotion of neural network maturation relies on activation of VEGF/Flk-1/p38 MAPK signaling. This study provides novel aspects of endothelium-neuron interactions and novel mechanism of neurovascular crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jia-Lin Mo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Wei Kou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ling Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng-Yan Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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29
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VEGF production and signaling in Müller glia are critical to modulating vascular function and neuronal integrity in diabetic retinopathy and hypoxic retinal vascular diseases. Vision Res 2017; 139:108-114. [PMID: 28601428 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Müller glia (MG) are major retinal supporting cells that participate in retinal metabolism, function, maintenance, and protection. During the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a neurovascular disease and a leading cause of blindness, MG modulate vascular function and neuronal integrity by regulating the production of angiogenic and trophic factors. In this article, I will (1) briefly summarize our work on delineating the role and mechanism of MG-modulated vascular function through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and on investigating VEGF signaling-mediated MG viability and neural protection in diabetic animal models, (2) explore the relationship among VEGF and neurotrophins in protecting Müller cells in in vitro models of diabetes and hypoxia and its potential implication to neuroprotection in DR and hypoxic retinal diseases, and (3) discuss the relevance of our work to the effectiveness and safety of long-term anti-VEGF therapies, a widely used strategy to combat DR, diabetic macular edema, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, and other hypoxic retinal vascular disorders.
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30
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Bettio LEB, Rajendran L, Gil-Mohapel J. The effects of aging in the hippocampus and cognitive decline. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:66-86. [PMID: 28476525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that is associated with cognitive decline as well as functional and social impairments. One structure of particular interest when considering aging and cognitive decline is the hippocampus, a brain region known to play an important role in learning and memory consolidation as well as in affective behaviours and mood regulation, and where both functional and structural plasticity (e.g., neurogenesis) occur well into adulthood. Neurobiological alterations seen in the aging hippocampus including increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, altered intracellular signalling and gene expression, as well as reduced neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, are thought to be associated with age-related cognitive decline. Non-invasive strategies such as caloric restriction, physical exercise, and environmental enrichment have been shown to counteract many of the age-induced alterations in hippocampal signalling, structure, and function. Thus, such approaches may have therapeutic value in counteracting the deleterious effects of aging and protecting the brain against age-associated neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E B Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Luckshi Rajendran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; UBC Island Medical program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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31
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Wroblewski JJ, Hu AY. Topical Squalamine 0.2% and Intravitreal Ranibizumab 0.5 mg as Combination Therapy for Macular Edema Due to Branch and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: An Open-Label, Randomized Study. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017; 47:914-923. [PMID: 27759857 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20161004-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of squalamine (OHR-102; Ohr Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY) and ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) on macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty consecutive, treatment-naïve patients with RVO-related ME received topical squalamine and intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg for 10 weeks, followed by randomization to continue or discontinue squalamine. Groups received as-needed ranibizumab from weeks 2 through 34. The primary endpoint was the proportion of eyes gaining 15 or more Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters at week 38. Safety and tolerability were assessed. Data from 13 treatment-naïve control eyes previously enrolled in three similar trials evaluating monthly ranibizumab 0.5 mg for RVO-related ME were included for comparison. RESULTS At baseline, mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measures were 55.6 ETDRS letters and 55.0 ETDRS letters in the squalamine and control groups, respectively. At week 38, BCVA improved 25.6 letters in the squalamine group; at month 9, BCVA improved 16.3 letters in the control group. This corresponds to a between-treatment-group difference of 9.2 letters. Squalamine and ranibizumab combination therapy was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS In patients with RVO-related ME, topical squalamine combined with early, as-needed ranibizumab appears to enhance visual recovery versus ranibizumab alone. Combination therapy appears safe and was well-tolerated. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:914-923.].
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32
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Zhang R, Zhu Y, Dong X, Liu B, Zhang N, Wang X, Liu L, Xu C, Huang S, Chen L. Celastrol Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via Inhibiting Ca 2+ -CaMKII-Dependent Akt/mTOR Pathway. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2145-2157. [PMID: 27891586 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an environmental and industrial pollutant, affects the nervous system and consequential neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, we have shown that celastrol prevents Cd-induced neuronal cell death partially by suppressing Akt/mTOR pathway. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that celastrol attenuated Cd-elevated intracellular-free calcium ([Ca2+ ]i ) level and apoptosis in neuronal cells. Celastrol prevented Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting Akt-mediated mTOR pathway, as inhibition of Akt with Akt inhibitor X or ectopic expression of dominant negative Akt reinforced celastrol's prevention of Cd-induced phosphorylation of S6K1/4E-BP1 and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, chelating intracellular Ca2+ with BAPTA/AM or preventing [Ca2+ ]i elevation using EGTA potentiated celastrol's repression of Cd-induced [Ca2+ ]i elevation and consequential activation of Akt/mTOR pathway and cell apoptosis. Moreover, celastrol blocked Cd-elicited phosphorylation of CaMKII, and pretreatment with BAPTA/AM or EGTA enhanced celastrol's suppression of Cd-increased phosphorylation of CaMKII in neuronal cells, implying that celastrol hinders [Ca2+ ]i -mediated CaMKII phosphorylation. Inhibiting CaMKII with KN93 or silencing CaMKII attenuated Cd activation of Akt/mTOR pathway and cell apoptosis, and this was strengthened by celastrol. Taken together, these data demonstrate that celastrol attenuates Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis via inhibiting Ca2+ -CaMKII-dependent Akt/mTOR pathway. Our findings underscore that celastrol may act as a neuroprotective agent for the prevention of Cd-induced neurodegenerative disorders. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2145-2157, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Liu C, Ye Y, Zhou Q, Zhang R, Zhang H, Liu W, Xu C, Liu L, Huang S, Chen L. Crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial H2O2 is required for rotenone inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway leading to neuronal apoptosis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7534-49. [PMID: 26859572 PMCID: PMC4884936 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotenone, a neurotoxic pesticide, induces loss of dopaminergic neurons related to Parkinson's disease. Previous studies have shown that rotenone induces neuronal apoptosis partly by triggering hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent suppression of mTOR pathway. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that rotenone elevates intracellular free calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) level, and activates CaMKII, resulting in inhibition of mTOR signaling and induction of neuronal apoptosis. Chelating [Ca2+]i with BAPTA/AM, preventing extracellular Ca2+ influx using EGTA, inhibiting CaMKII with KN93, or silencing CaMKII significantly attenuated rotenone-induced H2O2 production, mTOR inhibition, and cell death. Interestingly, using TTFA, antimycin A, catalase or Mito-TEMPO, we found that rotenone-induced mitochondrial H2O2 also in turn elevated [Ca2+]i level, thereby stimulating CaMKII, leading to inhibition of mTOR pathway and induction of neuronal apoptosis. Expression of wild type mTOR or constitutively active S6K1, or silencing 4E-BP1 strengthened the inhibitory effects of catalase, Mito-TEMPO, BAPTA/AM or EGTA on rotenone-induced [Ca2+]i elevation, CaMKII phosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis. Together, the results indicate that the crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial H2O2 is required for rotenone inhibition of mTOR-mediated S6K1 and 4E-BP1 pathways. Our findings suggest that how to control over-elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and overproduction of mitochondrial H2O2 may be a new approach to deal with the neurotoxicity of rotenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yangjing Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
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De Rossi P, Harde E, Dupuis JP, Martin L, Chounlamountri N, Bardin M, Watrin C, Benetollo C, Pernet-Gallay K, Luhmann HJ, Honnorat J, Malleret G, Groc L, Acker-Palmer A, Salin PA, Meissirel C. A critical role for VEGF and VEGFR2 in NMDA receptor synaptic function and fear-related behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1768-1780. [PMID: 26728568 PMCID: PMC5116482 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be required for the action of antidepressant therapies but its impact on brain synaptic function is poorly characterized. Using a combination of electrophysiological, single-molecule imaging and conditional transgenic approaches, we identified the molecular basis of the VEGF effect on synaptic transmission and plasticity. VEGF increases the postsynaptic responses mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate type of glutamate receptors (GluNRs) in hippocampal neurons. This is concurrent with the formation of new synapses and with the synaptic recruitment of GluNR expressing the GluN2B subunit (GluNR-2B). VEGF induces a rapid redistribution of GluNR-2B at synaptic sites by increasing the surface dynamics of these receptors within the membrane. Consistently, silencing the expression of the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in neural cells impairs hippocampal-dependent synaptic plasticity and consolidation of emotional memory. These findings demonstrated the direct implication of VEGF signaling in neurons via VEGFR2 in proper synaptic function. They highlight the potential of VEGF as a key regulator of GluNR synaptic function and suggest a role for VEGF in new therapeutic approaches targeting GluNR in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Rossi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - E Harde
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J P Dupuis
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Martin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - N Chounlamountri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - M Bardin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - C Watrin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - C Benetollo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Functional Neurogenomics and Optogenetics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - K Pernet-Gallay
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France,INSERM U836, Microscopy and Electron Microscopy Platform, Grenoble, France
| | - H J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Honnorat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neuro-Oncology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France
| | - G Malleret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - L Groc
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - P A Salin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - C Meissirel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Lyon, France,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Neurooncology and Neuroinflammation, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France,Equipe Neurooncologie et Neuroinflammation, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1028, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon cedex O8, 69372 Lyon, France. E-mail:
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Ignácio ZM, Réus GZ, Arent CO, Abelaira HM, Pitcher MR, Quevedo J. New perspectives on the involvement of mTOR in depression as well as in the action of antidepressant drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:1280-1290. [PMID: 26613210 PMCID: PMC5061805 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the revolution in recent decades regarding monoamine involvement in the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), the biological mechanisms underlying this psychiatric disorder are still poorly understood. Currently available treatments require long time courses to establish antidepressant response and a significant percentage of people are refractory to single drug or combination drug treatment. These issues, and recent findings demonstrating the involvement of synaptic plasticity in the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD, are encouraging researchers to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying psychiatric disease in more depth. The discovery of the rapid antidepressant effect exerted by glutamatergic and cholinergic agents highlights the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as a critical pathway that contributes to the efficacy of these pharmacological agents in clinical and pre-clinical research. The mTOR pathway is a downstream intracellular signal that transmits information after the direct activation of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) and neurotrophic factor receptors. Activation of these receptors is hypothesized to be one of the major axes involved in the synthesis of synaptogenic proteins underlying synaptic plasticity and critical to both the rapid and delayed effects exerted by classic antidepressants. This review focuses on the involvement of mTOR in the pathophysiology of depression and on molecular mechanisms involved in the activity of emerging and classic antidepressant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleide M Ignácio
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology, Pathology and Psychopathology, Campus Chapeco, Federal University of South Frontier, Chapeco, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Camila O Arent
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helena M Abelaira
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Meagan R Pitcher
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Klenke S, Renckhoff K, Engler A, Peters J, Frey UH. Easy-to-use strategy for reference gene selection in quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1353-1366. [PMID: 27650728 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Real-time PCR is an indispensable technique for mRNA expression analysis but conclusions depend on appropriate reference gene selection. However, while reference gene selection has been a topic of publications, this issue is often disregarded when measuring target mRNA expression. Therefore, we (1) evaluated the frequency of appropriate reference gene selection, (2) suggest an easy-to-use tool for least variability reference gene selection, (3) demonstrate application of this tool, and (4) show effects on target gene expression profiles. All 2015 published articles in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology were screened for the use of quantitative real-time PCR analysis and selection of reference genes. Target gene expression (Vegfa, Grk2, Sirt4, and Timp3) in H9c2 cells was analyzed following various interventions (hypoxia, hyperglycemia, and/or isoflurane exposure with and without subsequent hypoxia) in relation to putative reference genes (Actb, Gapdh, B2m, Sdha, and Rplp1) using the least variability method vs. an arbitrarily selected but established reference gene. In the vast majority (18 of 21) of papers, no information was provided regarding selection of an appropriate reference gene. In only 1 of 21 papers, a method of appropriate reference gene selection was described and in 2 papers reference gene selection remains unclear. The method of reference gene selection had major impact on interpretation of target gene expression. With hypoxia, for instance, the least variability gene was Rplp1 and target gene expression (Vefga) heavily showed a 2-fold up-regulation (p = 0.022) but no change (p = 0.3) when arbitrarily using Gapdh. Frequency of appropriate reference gene selection in this journal is low, and we propose our strategy for reference gene selection as an easy tool for proper target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Klenke
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen and Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kristina Renckhoff
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen and Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Engler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen and Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen and Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Frey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen and Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
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38
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Skalecka A, Liszewska E, Bilinski R, Gkogkas C, Khoutorsky A, Malik AR, Sonenberg N, Jaworski J. mTOR kinase is needed for the development and stabilization of dendritic arbors in newly born olfactory bulb neurons. Dev Neurobiol 2016; 76:1308-1327. [PMID: 27008592 PMCID: PMC5132010 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is the process of neuron generation, which occurs not only during embryonic development but also in restricted niches postnatally. One such region is called the subventricular zone (SVZ), which gives rise to new neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB). Neurons that are born postnatally migrate through more complex territories and integrate into fully functional circuits. Therefore, differences in the differentiation of embryonic and postnatally born neurons may exist. Dendritogenesis is an important process for the proper formation of future neuronal circuits. Dendritogenesis in embryonic neurons cultured in vitro was shown to depend on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Still unknown, however, is whether mTOR could regulate the dendritic arbor morphology of SVZ‐derived postnatal OB neurons under physiological conditions in vivo. The present study used in vitro cultured and differentiated SVZ‐derived neural progenitors and found that both mTOR complex 1 and mTOR complex 2 were required for the dendritogenesis of SVZ‐derived neurons. Furthermore, using a combination of in vivo electroporation of neural stem cells in the SVZ and genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mTOR, it was found that mTOR was crucial for the growth of basal and apical dendrites in postnatally born OB neurons under physiological conditions and contributed to the stabilization of their basal dendrites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1308–1327, 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Skalecka
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena St, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
| | - Ewa Liszewska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena St, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
| | - Robert Bilinski
- Département De Mathématiques, Collège Montmorency, 475 Boulevard De L'Avenir, Laval, Quebec, H7N 5H9, Canada
| | - Christos Gkogkas
- Patrick Wild Centre and Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Anna R Malik
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena St, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena St, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
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Latzer P, Schlegel U, Theiss C. Morphological Changes of Cortical and Hippocampal Neurons after Treatment with VEGF and Bevacizumab. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:440-50. [PMID: 26861512 PMCID: PMC5067574 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hallmark of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and plays an important role in brain development and function. Recently, it has been reported that treatment of GBM patients with bevacizumab, an anti‐VEGF antibody, may cause a decline in neurocognitive function and compromise quality of life. Therefore, we investigated the effects of VEGF and bevacizumab on the morphology and on survival of neurons and glial cells. Methods Dissociated cortical and hippocampal cell cultures of juvenile rats were treated with VEGF, bevacizumab, and VEGF + bevacizumab. Neuronal and glial cell viability was analyzed, and the morphology of neurons was objectified by morphometric analysis. Results In cortical cultures, bevacizumab significantly decreased the number of neurons after 20 days and the number of glial cells subsequent 30 days. Additionally, an increase in the dendritic length of cortical neurons was obvious after 10 days of incubation with bevacizumab, but returned to control level after 30 days. In hippocampal cultures, cell viability was not affected by bevacizumab; however, dendritic length increased at day 10, but decreased after long‐term treatment. Conclusion Therefore, bevacizumab obviously has a cytotoxic effect in cortical cultures and decreases the dendritic length in hippocampal neurons after long‐term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Latzer
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Uwe Schlegel
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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40
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Yu JH, Kim M, Seo JH, Cho SR. Brain Plasticity and Neurorestoration by Environmental Enrichment. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.12786/bn.2016.9.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hea Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - MinGi Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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41
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Sustained intraocular VEGF neutralization results in retinal neurodegeneration in the Ins2(Akita) diabetic mouse. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18316. [PMID: 26671074 PMCID: PMC4680939 DOI: 10.1038/srep18316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have become a mainstream therapy for the management of diabetic macular oedema. The treatment involves monthly repeated intravitreal injections of VEGF inhibitors. VEGF is an important growth factor for many retinal cells, including different types of neurons. In this study, we investigated the adverse effect of multiple intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (200 ng/μl/eye anti-mouse VEGF164, once every 2 weeks totalling 5-6 injections) to retinal neurons in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice. Funduscopic examination revealed the development of cotton wool spot-like lesions in anti-VEGF treated Ins2(Akita) mice after 5 injections. Histological investigation showed focal swellings of retinal nerve fibres with neurofilament disruption. Furthermore, anti-VEGF-treated Ins2(Akita) mice exhibited impaired electroretinographic responses, characterized by reduced scotopic a- and b-wave and oscillatory potentials. Immunofluorescent staining revealed impairment of photoreceptors, disruptions of synaptic structures and loss of amacrine and retinal ganglion cells in anti-VEGF treated Ins2(Akita) mice. Anti-VEGF-treated WT mice also presented mild amacrine and ganglion cell death, but no overt abnormalities in photoreceptors and synaptic structures. At the vascular level, exacerbated albumin leakage was observed in anti-VEGF injected diabetic mice. Our results suggest that sustained intraocular VEGF neutralization induces retinal neurodegeneration and vascular damage in the diabetic eye.
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42
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Yang J, Yang C, Liu C, Zhang T, Yang Z. Paradoxical effects of VEGF on synaptic activity partially involved in notch1 signaling in the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus 2015; 26:589-600. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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Abstract
TOR (target of rapamycin) and its mammalian ortholog mTOR have been discovered in an effort to understand the mechanisms of action of the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin extracted from a bacterium of the Easter Island (Rapa Nui) soil. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase found in two functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which are differentially regulated by a great number of nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, energy (oxygen and ATP/AMP content), growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters. mTOR controls many basic cellular functions such as protein synthesis, energy metabolism, cell size, lipid metabolism, autophagy, mitochondria, and lysosome biogenesis. In addition, mTOR-controlled signaling pathways regulate many integrated physiological functions of the nervous system including neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, memory storage, and cognition. Thus it is not surprising that deregulation of mTOR signaling is associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Preclinical and preliminary clinical studies indicate that inhibition of mTORC1 can be beneficial for some pathological conditions such as epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and brain tumors, whereas stimulation of mTORC1 (direct or indirect) can be beneficial for other pathologies such as depression or axonal growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Bockaert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Montpellier, France; and Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Montpellier, France; and Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
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Daft PG, Yang Y, Napierala D, Zayzafoon M. The growth and aggressive behavior of human osteosarcoma is regulated by a CaMKII-controlled autocrine VEGF signaling mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121568. [PMID: 25860662 PMCID: PMC4393114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a hyperproliferative malignant tumor that requires a high vascular density to maintain its large volume. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and acts as a paracrine and autocrine agent affecting both endothelial and tumor cells. The alpha-Ca2+/Calmodulin kinase two (α-CaMKII) protein is an important regulator of OS growth. Here, we investigate the role of α-CaMKII-induced VEGF in the growth and tumorigenicity of OS. We show that the pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of α-CaMKII results in decreases in VEGF gene expression (50%) and protein secretion (55%), while α- CaMKII overexpression increases VEGF gene expression (250%) and protein secretion (1,200%). We show that aggressive OS cells (143B) express high levels of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and respond to exogenous VEGF (100nm) by increasing intracellular calcium (30%). This response is ameliorated by the VEGFR inhibitor CBO-P11, suggesting that secreted VEGF results in autocrine stimulated α-CaMKII activation. Furthermore, we show that VEGF and α-CaMKII inhibition decreases the transactivation of the HIF-1α and AP-1 reporter constructs. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay shows significantly decreased binding of HIF-1α and AP-1 to their responsive elements in the VEGF promoter. These data suggest that α-CaMKII regulates VEGF transcription by controlling HIF-1α and AP-1 transcriptional activities. Finally, CBO-P11, KN-93 (CaMKII inhibitor) and combination therapy significantly reduced tumor burden in vivo. Our results suggest that VEGF-induced OS tumor growth is controlled by CaMKII and dual therapy by CaMKII and VEGF inhibitors could be a promising therapy against this devastating adolescent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Daft
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Majd Zayzafoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fathpour P, Obad N, Espedal H, Stieber D, Keunen O, Sakariassen PØ, Niclou SP, Bjerkvig R. Bevacizumab treatment for human glioblastoma. Can it induce cognitive impairment? Neuro Oncol 2015; 16:754-6. [PMID: 24733853 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent results from 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trials (RTOG 0825) and (AVAglio) for first-line treatment of glioblastoma patients with the VEGF antibody bevacizumab, showed similar results, related to overall and progression-free survival. The RTOG 0825 trial indicated, opposed to the AVAglio trial, that patients treated with bevacizumab showed a decline in global neurocognitive function compared to untreated patients, -a decline that was most obvious after prolonged treatment. At present, there is a considerably controversy related to these observations. In the present work we point at the possibility that bevacizumab treatment of the normal brain can reduce synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. We believe that such a phenomenon may partly explain the reduced cognitive function observed in patients in the RTOG 0825 trial. Since the same effects were not clearly defined in the AVAglio trial, further studies on putative neurocognitive effects after bevacizumab treatment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakzad Fathpour
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (P.F., N.O., H.E.,P.Ø.S., R.B); Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg (D.S., O.K., S.P.N.)
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46
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Gao K, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wang D, Fu Y, Li H, Yu S. Association study of VEGFA polymorphisms with schizophrenia in Han Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2015; 590:121-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Bag AK, Kim H, Gao Y, Bolding M, Warren PP, Fathallah-Shaykh HM, Gurler D, Markert JM, Fiveash J, Beasley TM, Khawaja A, Friedman GK, Chapman PR, Nabors LB, Han X. Prolonged treatment with bevacizumab is associated with brain atrophy: a pilot study in patients with high-grade gliomas. J Neurooncol 2015; 122:585-93. [PMID: 25711673 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bevacizumab is widely used for treatment of high-grade gliomas and other malignancies. Because bevacizumab has been shown to be associated with neurocognitive decline, this study is designed to investigate whether prolonged treatment with bevacizumab is also associated with brain atrophy. We identified 12 high-grade glioma patients who received bevacizumab for 12 months at the first recurrence and 13 matched controls and blindly compared the volumes of the contralateral hemispheres and contralateral ventricle in these two groups at baseline and after 12 ± 2 months of the baseline scan by two independent analyses. The volumes of the contralateral hemispheres and ventricles did not differ significantly between the two groups at baseline. Whereas, in the control group the volumes of the contralateral hemisphere changed subtly from baseline to follow-up (p = 0.23), in the bevacizumab-treated group the volumes significantly decreased from baseline to follow-up (p = 0.03). There was significant increase in the contralateral ventricle volume from base line to follow-up scans in both the control group (p = 0.01) and in the bevacizumab group (p = 0.005). Both the absolute and the percentage changes of contralateral hemisphere volumes and contralateral ventricular volumes between the two patient groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Results of this study demonstrate prolonged treatment with bevacizumab is associated with atrophy of the contralateral brain hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Bag
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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Inada C, Niu Y, Matsumoto K, Le XT, Fujiwara H. Possible involvement of VEGF signaling system in rescuing effect of endogenous acetylcholine on NMDA-induced long-lasting hippocampal cell damage in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Neurochem Int 2014; 75:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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49
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Guérit S, Allain AE, Léon C, Cazenave W, Ferrara N, Branchereau P, Bikfalvi A. VEGF modulates synaptic activity in the developing spinal cord. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:1110-22. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine Guérit
- Université Bordeaux; Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
- INSERM; Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Anne-Emilie Allain
- Université Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
- CNRS; Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Céline Léon
- Université Bordeaux; Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
- INSERM; Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - William Cazenave
- Université Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
- CNRS; Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | | | - Pascal Branchereau
- Université Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
- CNRS; Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), UMR 5287; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Andréas Bikfalvi
- Université Bordeaux; Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
- INSERM; Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory; F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
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50
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Yokozawa T, Park CH, Noh JS, Roh SS. Role of oligomeric proanthocyanidins derived from an extract of persimmon fruits in the oxidative stress-related aging process. Molecules 2014; 19:6707-26. [PMID: 24858102 PMCID: PMC6271875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many researchers have focused on the oligomeric form of proanthocyanidins with a lower level of polymerization found in foodstuffs such as grape seeds and blackberries. The present study indicated that the oral administration of oligomers isolated from persimmon fruits extended the lifespan of senescence-accelerated mouse prone/8 (SAMP8), a murine model of accelerated senescence. On the other hand, oligomer-treated SAMP8 did not show stereotypical behavior. We also revealed that the oral administration of oligomers improved spatial and object recognition memory in SAMP8. The density of axons in the hippocampal CA1 was significantly increased by oligomer administration. Moreover, the administration of oligomers increased the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 in the hippocampal CA3, hypothalamus, and choroid plexus. We speculate that memory improvement accompanied by histological changes may be induced directly in the hippocampus and indirectly in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus through VEGFR-2 signaling. In the present study, we elucidated the protective effect of oligomers against memory impairment with aging. VEGFR-2 signaling may provide a new insight into ways to protect against memory deficit in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Chan Hum Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Suseong-gu, Daegu 706-060, Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Nam-gu, Busan 608-711, Korea
| | - Seong Soo Roh
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Suseong-gu, Daegu 706-060, Korea
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