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Pereira-Silva R, Teixeira-Pinto A, Neto FL, Martins I. μ-Opioid Receptor Activation at the Dorsal Reticular Nucleus Shifts Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls to Hyperalgesia in Chronic Joint Pain in Male Rats. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:1176-1191. [PMID: 38381969 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dorsal reticular nucleus is a pain facilitatory area involved in diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) through opioidergic mechanisms that are poorly understood. The hypothesis was that signaling of μ-opioid receptors is altered in this area with prolonged chronic inflammatory pain and that this accounts for the loss of DNICs occurring in this condition. METHODS Monoarthritis was induced in male Wistar rats (n = 5 to 9/group) by tibiotarsal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. The immunolabeling of µ-opioid receptors and the phosphorylated forms of µ-opioid receptors and cAMP response element binding protein was quantified. Pharmacologic manipulation of μ-opioid receptors at the dorsal reticular nucleus was assessed in DNIC using the Randall-Selitto test. RESULTS At 42 days of monoarthritis, μ-opioid receptor labeling decreased at the dorsal reticular nucleus, while its phosphorylated form and the phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein increased. [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin acetate (DAMGO) enhanced DNIC analgesia in normal animals (means ± SD: pre-DNIC: 126.9 ± 7.0 g; DNIC - DAMGO: 147.5 ± 8.0 g vs. DNIC + DAMGO: 198.1 ± 19.3 g; P < 0.001), whereas it produced hyperalgesia in monoarthritis (pre-DNIC: 67.8 ± 7.5 g; DNIC - DAMGO: 70.6 ± 7.7 g vs. DNIC + DAMGO: 32.2 ± 2.6 g; P < 0.001). An ultra-low dose of naloxone, which prevents the excitatory signaling of the μ-opioid receptor, restored DNIC analgesia in monoarthritis (DNIC - naloxone: 60.0 ± 6.1 g vs. DNIC + naloxone: 98.0 ± 13.5 g; P < 0.001), compared to saline (DNIC - saline: 62.5 ± 5.2 g vs. DNIC + saline: 64.2 ± 3.8 g). When injected before DAMGO, it restored DNIC analgesia and decreased the phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein in monoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS The dorsal reticular nucleus is likely involved in a facilitatory pathway responsible for DNIC hyperalgesia. The shift of μ-opioid receptor signaling to excitatory in this pathway likely accounts for the loss of DNIC analgesia in monoarthritis. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pereira-Silva
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fani L Neto
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Martins
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Klein AK, Austin EW, Cunningham MJ, Dvorak D, Gatti S, Hulls SK, Kiss L, Kruegel AC, Marek GJ, Papp M, Sporn J, Hughes ZA. GM-1020: a novel, orally bioavailable NMDA receptor antagonist with rapid and robust antidepressant-like effects at well-tolerated doses in rodents. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:905-914. [PMID: 38177696 PMCID: PMC11039472 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine has shown great potential as a rapid-acting antidepressant; however, its use is limited by poor oral bioavailability and a side effect profile that necessitates in-clinic dosing. GM-1020 is a novel NMDAR antagonist that was developed to address these limitations of ketamine as a treatment for depression. Here, we present the preclinical characterization of GM-1020 alongside ketamine, for comparison. In vitro, we profiled GM-1020 for binding to NMDAR and functional inhibition using patch-clamp electrophysiology. In vivo, GM-1020 was assessed for antidepressant-like efficacy using the Forced Swim Test (FST) and Chronic Mild Stress (CMS), while motor side effects were assessed in spontaneous locomotor activity and on the rotarod. The pharmacokinetic properties of GM-1020 were profiled across multiple preclinical species. Electroencephalography (EEG) was performed to determine indirect target engagement and provide a potentially translational biomarker. These results demonstrate that GM-1020 is an orally bioavailable NMDAR antagonist with antidepressant-like efficacy at exposures that do not produce unwanted motor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dino Dvorak
- Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Laszlo Kiss
- Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mariusz Papp
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Windisch KA, Mazid S, Johnson MA, Ashirova E, Zhou Y, Gergoire L, Warwick S, McEwen BS, Kreek MJ, Milner TA. Acute Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration differentially alters the hippocampal opioid system in adult female and male rats. Synapse 2021; 75:e22218. [PMID: 34255372 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our prior studies demonstrated that the rat hippocampal opioid system can undergo sex-specific adaptations to external stimuli that can influence opioid-associated learning processes. This opioid system extensively overlaps with the cannabinoid system. Moreover, acute administration of Δ9 Tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, can alter cognitive behaviors that involve the hippocampus. Here, we use light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods to examine the effects of acute THC (5 mg/kg, i.p., 1 h) on mossy fiber Leu-Enkephalin (LEnk) levels and the distribution and phosphorylation levels of delta and mu opioid receptors (DORs and MORs, respectively) in CA3 pyramidal cells and parvalbumin dentate hilar interneurons of adult female and male Sprague-Dawley rats. In females with elevated estrogen states (proestrus/estrus stage), acute THC altered the opioid system so that it resembled that seen in vehicle-injected females with low estrogen states (diestrus) and males: (1) mossy fiber LEnk levels in CA2/3a decreased; (2) phosphorylated-DOR levels in CA2/3a pyramidal cells increased; and (3) phosphorylated-MOR levels increased in most CA3b laminae. In males, acute THC resulted in the internalization of MORs in parvalbumin-containing interneuron dendrites which would decrease disinhibition of granule cells. In both sexes, acute THC redistributed DORs to the near plasma membrane of CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites, however, the dendritic region varied with sex. Additionally, acute THC also resulted in a sex-specific redistribution of DORs within CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites which could differentially promote synaptic plasticity and/or opioid-associated learning processes in both females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Windisch
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Sanoara Mazid
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Megan A Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Elina Ashirova
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Lennox Gergoire
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sydney Warwick
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Teresa A Milner
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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4
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Medeiros LF, Nunes ÉA, Lopes BC, de Souza A, Cappellari AR, de Freitas JS, de Macedo IC, Kuo J, Cioato SG, Battastini AMDO, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Single exercise stress reduces central neurotrophins levels and adenosine A 1 and A 2 receptors expression, but does not revert opioid-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:636-647. [PMID: 32798310 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the effects of an acute stress model upon the long-term hyperalgesia induced by repeated morphine administration in neonatal rats. We also evaluated neurotrophins and cytokines levels; expressions of adenosine and acetylcholine receptors, and acetylcholinesterase enzyme at the spinal cord. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to morphine or saline administration from P8 to P14. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperesthesia were assessed using the hot plate (HP) and von Frey (vF) tests, respectively, at postnatal day P30 and P60. After baseline measurements, rats were subjected to a single exercise session, as an acute stress model, at P30 or P60. We measured the levels of BDNF and NGF, interleukin-6, and IL-10 in the cerebral cortex and the brainstem; and the expression levels of adenosine and muscarinic receptors, as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme at the spinal cord. RESULTS A stress exercise session was not able to revert the morphine-induced hyperalgesia. The morphine and exercise association in rats induced a decrease in the neurotrophins brainstem levels, and A1 , A2A , A2B receptors expression in the spinal cord, and an increase in the IL-6 cortical levels. The exercise reduced M2 receptors expression in the spinal cord of naive rats, while morphine prevented this effect. CONCLUSIONS Single session of exercise does not revert hyperalgesia induced by morphine in rats; however, morphine plus exercise modulate neurotrophins, IL-6 central levels, and expression of adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Éllen Almeida Nunes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angélica Regina Cappellari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joice Soares de Freitas
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jonnsin Kuo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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5
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Ashirova E, Contoreggi NH, Johnson MA, Al-Khayat FJ, Calcano GA, Rubin BR, O'Cinneide EM, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Gregoire L, McEwen BS, Kreek MJ, Milner TA. Oxycodone injections not paired with conditioned place preference have little effect on the hippocampal opioid system in female and male rats. Synapse 2020; 75:e22182. [PMID: 32654187 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxycodone (Oxy) conditioned place preference (CPP) in Sprague Dawley rats results in sex-specific alterations in hippocampal opioid circuits in a manner that facilitates opioid-associative learning processes, particularly in females. Here, we examined if Oxy (3 mg/kg, I.P.) or saline (Sal) injections not paired with behavioral testing similarly affect the hippocampal opioid system. Sal-injected females compared to Sal-injected males had: (1) higher densities of cytoplasmic delta opioid receptors (DOR) in GABAergic hilar dendrites suggesting higher baseline reserve DOR pools and (2) elevated phosphorylated DOR levels, but lower phosphorylated mu opioid receptor (MOR) levels in CA3a suggesting that the baseline pools of activated opioid receptors vary in females and males. In contrast to CPP studies, Oxy-injections in the absence of behavioral tests resulted in few changes in the hippocampal opioid system in either females or males. Specifically, Oxy-injected males compared to Sal-injected males had fewer DORs near the plasma membrane of CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites and in CA3 dendritic spines contacted by mossy fibers, and lower pMOR levels in CA3a. Oxy-injected females compared to Sal-injected females had higher total DORs in GABAergic dendrites and lower total MORs in parvalbumin-containing dendrites. Thus, unlike Oxy CPP, Oxy-injections redistributed opioid receptors in hippocampal neurons in a manner that would either decrease (males) or not alter (females) excitability and plasticity processes. These results indicate that the majority of changes within hippocampal opioid circuits that would promote opioid-associative learning processes in both females and males do not occur with Oxy administration alone, and instead must be paired with CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Ashirova
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalina H Contoreggi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan A Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatima J Al-Khayat
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gabriela A Calcano
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Batsheva R Rubin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma M O'Cinneide
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lennox Gregoire
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Chen J, Liang L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yang T, Meng F, Lai X, Li C, He J, He M, Xu Q, Li Q, Law P, Loh HH, Pei D, Sun H, Zheng H. Naloxone regulates the differentiation of neural stem cells via a receptor‐independent pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:5917-5930. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902873r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lining Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mengdan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tingting Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fei Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaowei Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Changpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jingcai He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Meiai He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qiaoran Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Ping‐Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Horace H. Loh
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Institutes for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hui Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Institutes for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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7
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Morphine and Naloxone Facilitate Neural Stem Cells Proliferation via a TET1-Dependent and Receptor-Independent Pathway. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3625-3631.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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8
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Bellamy JR, Rubin BR, Zverovich A, Zhou Y, Contoreggi NH, Gray JD, McEwen BS, Kreek MJ, Milner TA. Sex and chronic stress differentially alter phosphorylated mu and delta opioid receptor levels in the rat hippocampus following oxycodone conditioned place preference. Neurosci Lett 2019; 713:134514. [PMID: 31560995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Following oxycodone conditioned place preference (CPP) in naïve female and male Sprague Dawley rats, delta- and mu-opioid receptors (DORs and MORs) redistribute in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons in a manner that would promote opioid-associative learning processes, particularly in females. MORs and DORs similarly redistribute in CA3 and hilar neurons following chronic immobilization stress (CIS) in females, but not males, essentially "priming" the opioid system for oxycodone-associative learning. Following CIS, only females acquire oxycodone CPP. The present study determined whether sex and CIS differentially affect the levels of phosphorylated MORs and DORs (pMORs and pDORs) in the hippocampus following oxycodone CPP as phosphorylation is important for opioid receptor internationalization and trafficking. In naïve oxycodone-injected (Oxy) female rats, the density of pMOR-immunoreactivity (ir) was increased in CA1 stratum oriens and CA3a,b strata lucidum and radiatum compared to saline-injected (Sal)-females. Additionally, the density of pDOR-ir increased in the pyramidal cell layer and stratum radiatum of CA2/3a in Oxy-males compared to Sal-males. In CIS females that acquire CPP, pDOR-ir levels were increased in the CA2/3a. These findings indicate only rats that acquire oxycodone CPP have activated MORs and DORs in the hippocampus but that the subregion containing activated opioid receptors differs in females and males. These results are consistent with previously observed sex differences in the hippocampal opioid system following Oxy-CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Bellamy
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Batsheva R Rubin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Angelica Zverovich
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Natalina H Contoreggi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Jason D Gray
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY, 10065, United States; Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States.
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9
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Costa AR, Carvalho P, Flik G, Wilson SP, Reguenga C, Martins I, Tavares I. Neuropathic Pain Induced Alterations in the Opioidergic Modulation of a Descending Pain Facilitatory Area of the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:287. [PMID: 31316354 PMCID: PMC6610065 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids play a major role at descending pain modulation but the effects of neuropathic pain on the brain opioidergic system remain understudied. Since descending facilitation is enhanced during neuropathic pain, we studied the opioidergic modulation of the dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt), a medullary pain facilitatory area, in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain. We first performed a series of behavioral experiments in naïve-animals to establish the role of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) in the effects of endogenous and exogenous opioids at the DRt. Specifically, we showed that lentiviral-mediated MOR-knockdown at the DRt increased sensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli while the MOR agonist DAMGO induced the opposite effects. Additionally, we showed that MOR-knockdown and the pharmacological blockade of MOR by CTAP at the DRt decreased and inhibited, respectively, the analgesic effects of systemic morphine. Then, we performed in vivo microdialysis to measure enkephalin peptides in the DRt and evaluated MOR expression in the DRt at mRNA, protein and phosphorylated form levels by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. SNI-animals, compared to sham control, showed higher levels of enkephalin peptides, lower MOR-labeled cells without alterations in MOR mRNA levels, and higher phosphorylated MOR-labeled cells. Finally, we performed behavioral studies in SNI animals to determine the potency of systemic morphine and the effects of the pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of MOR at the DRt. We showed a reduced potency of the antiallodynic effects of systemic morphine in SNI-animals compared to the antinociceptive effects in sham animals. Increasing MOR-cells at the DRt of SNI-animals by lentiviral-mediated MOR-overexpression produced no effects on mechanical allodynia. DAMGO induced anti-allodynia only after MOR-overexpression. These results show that MOR inhibits DRt pain facilitatory actions and that this action contributes to the analgesic effects of systemic opioids. We further show that the inhibitory function of MOR is impaired during neuropathic pain. This is likely due to desensitization and degradation of MOR which are adaptations of the receptor that can be triggered by MOR phosphorylation. Skipping counter-regulatory pathways involved in MOR adaptations might restore the opioidergic inhibition at pain facilitatory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Costa
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulina Carvalho
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gunnar Flik
- Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch B.V., 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Steven P Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carlos Reguenga
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Martins
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Zhai ML, Chen Y, Liu C, Wang JB, Yu YH. Spinal glucocorticoid receptor‑regulated chronic morphine tolerance may be through extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1074-1080. [PMID: 29845273 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use has been limited in the treatment of chronic pain due to their side effects, including analgesic tolerance. Previous studies demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) may be involved in the development of chronic morphine tolerance; however, the mechanism remains unknown. It was hypothesized that the expression of spinal phosphorylated mitogen‑activated protein kinase [MAPK; phosphorylated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)] is regulated through the spinal GRs, following chronic treatment with morphine. In the first experiment, the experimental rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, morphine, morphine+GR antagonist mifepristone (RU38486) and morphine+GR agonist dexamethasone (Dex). Each group was treated with continuous intrathecal (IT) injection of the drugs for 6 days. The expression of GRs and MAPK 3/1 (p‑ERK 1/2) in the spinal dorsal horn was detected by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. In the second experiment, the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 was added and the rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, morphine, PD98059+morphine and PD98059+morphine+Dex. The continuous IT injection lasted for 7 days in each group. For all experiments, the tail flick test was conducted 30 min following administration every day to assess the thermal hyperalgesia of the rats. The experimental results demonstrated that there was a co‑existence of GRs and p‑ERK 1/2 in the spinal cord dorsal horn by double immunofluorescence staining. The GR antagonist RU38486 attenuated the morphine analgesia tolerance by inhibiting the expression of GR and increasing the expression of p‑ERK. The MAPK inhibitor PD98059 increased the effect of morphine tolerance and prolonged the duration of morphine tolerance. The present results suggest that spinal GRs may serve an important role in the development of morphine tolerance through the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Center Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Center Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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11
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Kibaly C, Lin HY, Loh HH, Law PY. Spinal or supraspinal phosphorylation deficiency at the MOR C-terminus does not affect morphine tolerance in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:153-168. [PMID: 28179123 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of tolerance to morphine, one of the most potent analgesics, in the management of chronic pain is a significant clinical problem and its mechanisms are poorly understood. Morphine exerts its pharmacological effects via the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). Tolerance is highly connected to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) phosphorylation and desensitization increase. Because morphine desensitization previously has been shown to be MOR phosphorylation- and ß-arrestin2-independent (in contrast to agonists such as fentanyl), we examined the contribution of phosphorylation of the entire C-terminus to the development of antinociceptive tolerance to the partial (morphine) and full (fentanyl) MOR agonists in vivo. In MOR knockout (MORKO) mice, we delivered via lentivirus the genes encoding the wild-type MOR (WTMOR) or a phosphorylation-deficient MOR (Cterm(-S/T)MOR) in which all of the serine and threonine residues were mutated to alanine into the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter (vlPAG) or lumbar spinal cord (SC), structures that are involved in nociception. We compared the analgesic ED50 in WTMOR- and Cterm(-S/T)MOR-expressing MORKO mice before and after morphine or fentanyl tolerance was induced. Morphine acute antinociception was partially restored in WTMOR- or Cterm(-S/T)MOR-transferred MORKO mice. Fentanyl acute antinociception was observed only in MORKO mice with the transgenes expressed in the SC. Morphine antinociceptive tolerance was not affected by expressing Cterm(-S/T)MOR in the vlPAG or SC of MORKO mice. Fentanyl-induced tolerance in MORKO mice expressing WTMOR or Cterm(-S/T)MOR, is greater than morphine-induced tolerance. Thus, MOR C-terminus phosphorylation does not appear to be critical for morphine tolerance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherkaouia Kibaly
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Center on Molecular and Cell Biology of Drug Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Hong-Yiou Lin
- Beaumont Hospital, 3601 West 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Center on Molecular and Cell Biology of Drug Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Basic Research Center on Molecular and Cell Biology of Drug Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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12
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Protein kinase C-mediated mu-opioid receptor phosphorylation and desensitization in rats, and its prevention during early diabetes. Pain 2017; 157:910-921. [PMID: 26713421 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with impaired opioid analgesia; however, the precise mechanism in sensory neurons remains unclear. This study aimed to identify putative mechanisms involved in modified opioid responsiveness during early streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. In this study, we demonstrate that in diabetic animals, impaired peripheral opioid analgesia is associated with a reduction in functional mu-opioid receptor (MOR) G protein coupling. Mu-opioid receptor immunoreactive neurons colocalized with activated forms of protein kinase C (PKC) and with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) during streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Moreover, MOR phosphorylation at Thr370 in sensory neurons of diabetic rats, and thus desensitization, was due to RAGE-dependent PKC activation. Importantly, blocking PKC activation using PKC selective inhibitor, silencing RAGE with intrathecal RAGE siRNA, or inhibiting advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation prevented sensory neuron MOR phosphorylation and, consequently, restored MOR G protein coupling and analgesic efficacy. Thus, our findings give the first in vivo evidence of a RAGE-dependent PKC-mediated heterologous MOR phosphorylation and desensitization in sensory neurons under pathological conditions such as diabetic neuropathy. This may unravel putative mechanisms and suggest possible prevention strategies of impaired opioid responsiveness.
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13
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Chen SR, Ke YY, Yeh TK, Lin SY, Ou LC, Chen SC, Chang WT, Chang HF, Wu ZH, Hsieh CC, Law PY, Loh HH, Shih C, Lai YK, Yeh SH, Ueng SH. Discovery, structure-activity relationship studies, and anti-nociceptive effects of N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-isoquinolinylmethyl)benzamides as novel opioid receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:202-217. [PMID: 27776274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
μ-Opioid receptor (MOR) agonists are analgesics used clinically for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, but their use is associated with severe adverse effects such as respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, dependence, and rewarding effects. In this study, we identified N-({2-[(4-bromo-2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-isoquinolinyl}methyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (1) as a novel opioid receptor agonist by high-throughput screening. Structural modifications made to 1 to improve potency and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) penetration resulted in compounds 45 and 46. Compound 45 was a potent MOR/KOR (κ-opioid receptor) agonist, and compound 46 was a potent MOR and medium KOR agonist. Both 45 and 46 demonstrated a significant anti-nociceptive effect in a tail-flick test performed in wild type (WT) B6 mice. The ED50 value of 46 was 1.059 mg/kg, and the brain concentrations of 45 and 46 were 7424 and 11696 ng/g, respectively. Accordingly, compounds 45 and 46 are proposed for lead optimization and in vivo disease-related pain studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ren Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Ou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fu Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Huei Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Chuan Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan; The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shau-Hua Ueng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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14
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Yang PP, Yeh GC, Yeh TK, Xi J, Loh HH, Law PY, Tao PL. Activation of delta-opioid receptor contributes to the antinociceptive effect of oxycodone in mice. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:867-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Zhao J, Wang H, Song T, Yang Y, Gu K, Ma P, Zhang Z, Shen L, Liu J, Wang W. Thalidomide Promotes Morphine Efficacy and Prevents Morphine-Induced Tolerance in Rats with Diabetic Neuropathy. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:3171-3180. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Tapocik JD, Ceniccola K, Mayo CL, Schwandt ML, Solomon M, Wang BD, Luu TV, Olender J, Harrigan T, Maynard TM, Elmer GI, Lee NH. MicroRNAs Are Involved in the Development of Morphine-Induced Analgesic Tolerance and Regulate Functionally Relevant Changes in Serpini1. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:20. [PMID: 27047334 PMCID: PMC4805586 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term opioid treatment results in reduced therapeutic efficacy and in turn leads to an increase in the dose required to produce equivalent pain relief and alleviate break-through or insurmountable pain. Altered gene expression is a likely means for inducing long-term neuroadaptations responsible for tolerance. Studies conducted by our laboratory (Tapocik et al., 2009) revealed a network of gene expression changes occurring in canonical pathways involved in neuroplasticity, and uncovered miRNA processing as a potential mechanism. In particular, the mRNA coding the protein responsible for processing miRNAs, Dicer1, was positively correlated with the development of analgesic tolerance. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that miRNAs play a significant role in the development of analgesic tolerance as measured by thermal nociception. Dicer1 knockdown, miRNA profiling, bioinformatics, and confirmation of high value targets were used to test the proposition. Regionally targeted Dicer1 knockdown (via shRNA) had the anticipated consequence of eliminating the development of tolerance in C57BL/6J (B6) mice, thus supporting the involvement of miRNAs in the development of tolerance. MiRNA expression profiling identified a core set of chronic morphine-regulated miRNAs (miR's 27a, 9, 483, 505, 146b, 202). Bioinformatics approaches were implemented to identify and prioritize their predicted target mRNAs. We focused our attention on miR27a and its predicted target serpin peptidase inhibitor clade I (Serpini1) mRNA, a transcript known to be intricately involved in dendritic spine density regulation in a manner consistent with chronic morphine's consequences and previously found to be correlated with the development of analgesic tolerance. In vitro reporter assay confirmed the targeting of the Serpini1 3'-untranslated region by miR27a. Interestingly miR27a was found to positively regulate Serpini1 mRNA and protein levels in multiple neuronal cell lines. Lastly, Serpini1 knockout mice developed analgesic tolerance at a slower rate than wild-type mice thus confirming a role for the protein in analgesic tolerance. Overall, these results provide evidence to support a specific role for miR27a and Serpini1 in the behavioral response to chronic opioid administration (COA) and suggest that miRNA expression and mRNA targeting may underlie the neuroadaptations that mediate tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenica D. Tapocik
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Ceniccola
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Mayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Solomon
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Truong V. Luu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Jacqueline Olender
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas Harrigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas M. Maynard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Greg I. Elmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norman H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
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17
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Moulédous L, Froment C, Burlet-Schiltz O, Schulz S, Mollereau C. Phosphoproteomic analysis of the mouse brain mu-opioid (MOP) receptor. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2401-8. [PMID: 26226422 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many in vitro data have shown that the efficacy of several opioid drugs is correlated with differential mu-opioid (MOP) receptor phosphorylation. Label-free semiquantitative on-line nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) analyses were performed to compare the endogenous MOP receptor phosphorylation patterns of mice administered with morphine, etonitazene and fentanyl. The analysis identified S363, T370 and S375 as phosphorylated residues in the carboxy-terminus. Only T370 and S375 were regulated by agonists, with a higher propensity to promote double phosphorylation for high efficacy agonists. Our study provides confirmation that differential agonist-driven multi-site phosphorylation of MOP receptor occurs in vivo and validate the use of MS to study endogenous GPCR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Moulédous
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale CNRS/Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Froment
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale CNRS/Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale CNRS/Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Strasse 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Catherine Mollereau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale CNRS/Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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18
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Inagaki S, Ghirlando R, Vishnivetskiy SA, Homan KT, White JF, Tesmer JJG, Gurevich VV, Grisshammer R. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) and 5 (GRK5) Exhibit Selective Phosphorylation of the Neurotensin Receptor in Vitro. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4320-9. [PMID: 26120872 PMCID: PMC4512254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
G protein-coupled
receptor kinases (GRKs) play an important role
in the desensitization of G protein-mediated signaling of G protein-coupled
receptors (GPCRs). The level of interest in mapping their phosphorylation
sites has increased because recent studies suggest that the differential
pattern of receptor phosphorylation has distinct biological consequences. In vitro phosphorylation experiments using well-controlled
systems are useful for deciphering the complexity of these physiological
reactions and understanding the targeted event. Here, we report on
the phosphorylation of the class A GPCR neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1)
by GRKs under defined experimental conditions afforded by nanodisc
technology. Phosphorylation of NTSR1 by GRK2 was agonist-dependent,
whereas phosphorylation by GRK5 occurred in an activation-independent
manner. In addition, the negatively charged lipids in the immediate
vicinity of NTSR1 directly affect phosphorylation by GRKs. Identification
of phosphorylation sites in agonist-activated NTSR1 revealed that
GRK2 and GRK5 target different residues located on the intracellular
receptor elements. GRK2 phosphorylates only the C-terminal Ser residues,
whereas GRK5 phosphorylates Ser and Thr residues located in intracellular
loop 3 and the C-terminus. Interestingly, phosphorylation assays using
a series of NTSR1 mutants show that GRK2 does not require acidic residues
upstream of the phospho-acceptors for site-specific phosphorylation,
in contrast to the β2-adrenergic and μ-opioid
receptors. Differential phosphorylation of GPCRs by GRKs is thought
to encode a particular signaling outcome, and our in vitro study revealed NTSR1 differential phosphorylation by GRK2 and GRK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Inagaki
- †Membrane Protein Structure Function Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- ‡Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sergey A Vishnivetskiy
- §Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kristoff T Homan
- ∥Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jim F White
- †Membrane Protein Structure Function Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - John J G Tesmer
- ∥Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- §Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Reinhard Grisshammer
- †Membrane Protein Structure Function Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
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19
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Cheng MF, Ou LC, Chen SC, Chang WT, Law PY, Loh HH, Chao YS, Shih C, Yeh SH, Ueng SH. Discovery, structure–activity relationship studies, and anti-nociceptive effects of 1-phenyl-3,6,6-trimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-one as novel opioid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4694-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chabot-Doré AJ, Schuster DJ, Stone LS, Wilcox GL. Analgesic synergy between opioid and α2 -adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:388-402. [PMID: 24641506 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Opioid and α2 -adrenoceptor agonists are potent analgesic drugs and their analgesic effects can synergize when co-administered. These supra-additive interactions are potentially beneficial clinically; by increasing efficacy and/or reducing the total drug required to produce sufficient pain relief, undesired side effects can be minimized. However, combination therapies of opioids and α2 -adrenoceptor agonists remain underutilized clinically, in spite of a large body of preclinical evidence describing their synergistic interaction. One possible obstacle to the translation of preclinical findings to clinical applications is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying the synergistic interactions between these two drug classes. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the interactions between different opioid and α2 -adrenoceptor agonist combinations in preclinical studies. These studies have identified the spinal cord as an important site of action of synergistic interactions, provided insights into which receptors mediate these interactions and explored downstream signalling events enabling synergy. It is now well documented that the activation of both μ and δ opioid receptors can produce synergy with α2 -adrenoceptor agonists and that α2 -adrenoceptor agonists can mediate synergy through either the α2A or the α2C adrenoceptor subtypes. Current hypotheses surrounding the cellular mechanisms mediating opioid-adrenoceptor synergy, including PKC signalling and receptor oligomerization, and the evidence supporting them are presented. Finally, the implications of these findings for clinical applications and drug discovery are discussed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-J Chabot-Doré
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Role of FK506 binding protein 12 in morphine-induced μ-opioid receptor internalization and desensitization. Neurosci Lett 2014; 566:231-235. [PMID: 24607931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Agonist-activated μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) undergoes robust receptor phosphorylation by G protein-coupled receptor kinases and subsequent β-arrestin recruitment, triggering receptor internalization and desensitization. Morphine, a widely prescribed opioid, induces receptor phosphorylation inefficiently. Previously we reported that FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12) specifically interacts with OPRM1 and such interaction attenuates receptor phosphorylation and facilitates morphine-induced recruitment and activation of protein kinase C. In the current study, we demonstrated that the association of FKBP12 with OPRM1 also affects morphine-induced receptor internalization and G protein-dependent adenylyl cyclase desensitization. Morphine induced faster receptor internalization and adenylyl cyclase desensitization in cells expressing OPRM1 with Pro(353) mutated to Ala (OPRM1P353A), which does not interact with FKBP12, or in the presence of FK506 which dissociates the receptor-FKBP12 interaction. Furthermore, knockdown of cellular FKBP12 level by siRNA accelerated morphine-induced receptor internalization and adenylyl cyclase desensitization. Our study further demonstrated that peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity of FKBP12 probably plays a role in inhibition of receptor phosphorylation. In the view that internalized receptor recycles and thus counteracts the development of analgesic tolerance, receptor's association with FKBP12 could also contribute to the development of morphine tolerance through modulation of receptor trafficking.
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Qiu Y, Zhao W, Wang Y, Xu JR, Huie E, Jiang S, Yan YH, Loh HH, Chen HZ, Law PY. FK506-binding protein 12 modulates μ-opioid receptor phosphorylation and protein kinase C(ε)-dependent signaling by its direct interaction with the receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:37-49. [PMID: 24113748 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) activation plays an important role in morphine-induced μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) desensitization and tolerance development. It was recently shown that receptor phosphorylation by G protein-coupled receptor kinase regulates agonist-dependent selective signaling and that inefficient phosphorylation of OPRM1 leads to PKCε activation and subsequent responses. Here, we demonstrate that such receptor phosphorylation and PKCε activation can be modulated by FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12). Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, FKBP12 was identified as specifically interacting with OPRM1 at the Pro(353) residue. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing OPRM1, the association of FKBP12 with OPRM1 decreased the agonist-induced receptor phosphorylation at Ser(375). The morphine-induced PKCε activation and the recruitment of PKCε to the OPRM1 signaling complex were attenuated both by FKBP12 short interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment and in cells expressing OPRM1 with a P353A mutation (OPRM1P353A), which leads to diminished activation of PKC-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Meanwhile, the overexpression of FKBP12 enabled etorphine to activate PKCε. Further analysis of the receptor complex demonstrated that morphine treatment enhanced the association of FKBP12 and calcineurin with the receptor. The blockade of the FKBP12 association with the receptor by the siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous FKBP12 or the mutation of Pro(353) to Ala resulted in a reduction in PKCε and calcineurin recruitment to the receptor signaling complex. The receptor-associated calcineurin modulates OPRM1 phosphorylation, as demonstrated by the ability of the calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide to increase the receptor phosphorylation. Thus, the association of FKBP12 with OPRM1 attenuates the phosphorylation of the receptor and triggers the recruitment and activation of PKCε.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.Q., Y.W., J.-R.X., S.J., Y.-H.Y., H.-Z.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Y.Q., W.Z., E.H., H.H.L., P.-Y.L.)
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Chabot-Doré AJ, Millecamps M, Stone LS. The Delta-Opioid Receptor Is Sufficient, but Not Necessary, for Spinal Opioid-Adrenergic Analgesic Synergy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:773-80. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.206581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Doll C, Pöll F, Peuker K, Loktev A, Glück L, Schulz S. Deciphering µ-opioid receptor phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in HEK293 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:1259-70. [PMID: 22725608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The molecular basis of agonist-selective signalling at the µ-opioid receptor is poorly understood. We have recently shown that full agonists such as [D-Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) stimulate the phosphorylation of a number of carboxyl-terminal phosphate acceptor sites including threonine 370 (Thr(370)) and serine 375 (Ser(375)), and that is followed by a robust receptor internalization. In contrast, morphine promotes a selective phosphorylation of Ser(375) without causing rapid receptor internalization. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Here, we identify kinases and phosphatases that mediate agonist-dependent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the µ-opioid receptor using a combination of phosphosite-specific antibodies and siRNA knock-down screening in HEK293 cells. KEY RESULTS We found that DAMGO-driven phosphorylation of Thr(370) and Ser(375) was preferentially catalysed by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) 2 and 3, whereas morphine-driven Ser(375) phosphorylation was preferentially catalysed by GRK5. On the functional level, inhibition of GRK expression resulted in enhanced µ-opioid receptor signalling and reduced receptor internalization. Analysis of GRK5-deficient mice revealed that GRK5 selectively contributes to morphine-induced Ser(375) phosphorylation in brain tissue. We also identified protein phosphatase 1γ as a µ-opioid receptor phosphatase that catalysed Thr(370) and Ser(375) dephosphorylation at or near the plasma membrane within minutes after agonist removal, which in turn facilitates receptor recycling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Together, the morphine-activated µ-opioid receptor is a good substrate for phosphorylation by GRK5 but a poor substrate for GRK2/3. GRK5 phosphorylates µ-opioid receptors selectively on Ser(375), which is not sufficient to drive significant receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Doll
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Williams JT, Ingram SL, Henderson G, Chavkin C, von Zastrow M, Schulz S, Koch T, Evans CJ, Christie MJ. Regulation of μ-opioid receptors: desensitization, phosphorylation, internalization, and tolerance. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:223-54. [PMID: 23321159 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine and related µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists remain among the most effective drugs known for acute relief of severe pain. A major problem in treating painful conditions is that tolerance limits the long-term utility of opioid agonists. Considerable effort has been expended on developing an understanding of the molecular and cellular processes that underlie acute MOR signaling, short-term receptor regulation, and the progression of events that lead to tolerance for different MOR agonists. Although great progress has been made in the past decade, many points of contention and controversy cloud the realization of this progress. This review attempts to clarify some confusion by clearly defining terms, such as desensitization and tolerance, and addressing optimal pharmacological analyses for discerning relative importance of these cellular mechanisms. Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating MOR function by phosphorylation relative to receptor desensitization and endocytosis are comprehensively reviewed, with an emphasis on agonist-biased regulation and areas where knowledge is lacking or controversial. The implications of these mechanisms for understanding the substantial contribution of MOR signaling to opioid tolerance are then considered in detail. While some functional MOR regulatory mechanisms contributing to tolerance are clearly understood, there are large gaps in understanding the molecular processes responsible for loss of MOR function after chronic exposure to opioids. Further elucidation of the cellular mechanisms that are regulated by opioids will be necessary for the successful development of MOR-based approaches to new pain therapeutics that limit the development of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Williams
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Zheng H, Loh HH, Law PY. Posttranslation modification of G protein-coupled receptor in relationship to biased agonism. Methods Enzymol 2013; 522:391-408. [PMID: 23374194 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407865-9.00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biased signaling has been reported with a series of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including β(2)-adrenergic receptor and μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1). The concept of biased signaling suggests that the agonists of one particular receptor may activate the downstream signaling pathways with different efficacies. Thus in an extreme case, agonists might activate different sets of signaling pathways, which provide a new route to develop drugs with increased efficacies and decreased side effects. Among the many factors, posttranslation modifications of receptor proteins have major roles in influencing the biased signaling. Take OPRM1, for example, the phosphorylation and palmitoylation of receptor can regulate the biased signaling induced by agonists. Thus, by modulating these posttranslation modifications, the biased signaling of GPCRs can be regulated. In addition, although it is not considered as posttranslation modification normally, the distribution of GPCRs on cell membrane, especially the distribution between lipid-raft and non-raft microdomains, also contributes to the biased signaling. Thus in this chapter, we described the methods used in our laboratory to study receptor phosphorylation, receptor palmitoylation, and membrane distribution of receptor by using OPRM1 as a model. A functional model was also provided on these posttranslational modifications at the last section of this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Emery AC. Catecholamine receptors: prototypes for GPCR-based drug discovery. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2013; 68:335-56. [PMID: 24054152 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411512-5.00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Drugs acting at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute ~40% of those in current clinical use. GPCR-based drug discovery remains at the forefront of drug development, especially for new treatments for psychiatric illness and neurological disease. Here, the basic framework of GPCR signaling learned through the elucidation of catecholamine receptor signaling through G proteins and β-arrestins, and X-ray crystallographic structure determination is reviewed. In silico docking studies developed in tandem with confirmatory empirical data gathering from binding and signaling experiments have allowed this basic framework to be expanded to drug hunting through predictive in silico searching as well as high-throughput and high-content screening approaches. For efforts moving forward for the deployment of new GPCR-acting drugs, collaborative efforts between industry and government/academic research in target validation at the molecular and cellular levels have become progressively more common. Polypharmacological approaches have become increasingly available for learning more about the mechanisms of GPCR-targeted drugs, based on interaction not with a single, but with a wide range of GPCR targets. These approaches are likely to aid in drug repurposing efforts, yield valuable insight on the side effects of currently employed drugs, and allow for a clearer picture of the actual targets of "atypical" drugs used in a variety of therapeutic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Emery
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Chen YJ, Oldfield S, Butcher AJ, Tobin AB, Saxena K, Gurevich VV, Benovic JL, Henderson G, Kelly E. Identification of phosphorylation sites in the COOH-terminal tail of the μ-opioid receptor. J Neurochem 2012; 124:189-99. [PMID: 23106126 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is considered a key event in the signalling and regulation of the μ opioid receptor (MOPr). Here, we used mass spectroscopy to determine the phosphorylation status of the C-terminal tail of the rat MOPr expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells. Under basal conditions, MOPr is phosphorylated on Ser(363) and Thr(370), while in the presence of morphine or [D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), the COOH terminus is phosphorylated at three additional residues, Ser(356) , Thr(357) and Ser(375). Using N-terminal glutathione S transferase (GST) fusion proteins of the cytoplasmic, C-terminal tail of MOPr and point mutations of the same, we show that, in vitro, purified G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) phosphorylates Ser(375), protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylates Ser(363), while CaMKII phosphorylates Thr(370). Phosphorylation of the GST fusion protein of the C-terminal tail of MOPr enhanced its ability to bind arrestin-2 and -3. Hence, our study identifies both the basal and agonist-stimulated phospho-acceptor sites in the C-terminal tail of MOPr, and suggests that the receptor is subject to phosphorylation and hence regulation by multiple protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Chen
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Zheng H, Law PY, Loh HH. Non-Coding RNAs Regulating Morphine Function: With Emphasis on the In vivo and In vitro Functions of miR-190. Front Genet 2012; 3:113. [PMID: 22715342 PMCID: PMC3375446 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs, are reported to be involved in a variety of biological processes, including several processes related to drug addiction. It has been suggested that the biological functions of opioids, one typical type of addictive drugs, are regulated by ncRNAs. In the current review, we examine a variety of mechanisms through which ncRNAs could regulate μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) activities and thereby contribute to the development of opioid addiction. Using miR-23b as an example, we present the possible ways in which ncRNA-mediated regulation of OPRM1 expression could impact opioid addiction. Using miR-190 as an example, we demonstrate the critical roles played by ncRNAs in the signal cascade from receptor to systemic responses, including the possible modulation of adult neurogenesis and in vivo contextual memory. After discussing the possible targets of ncRNAs involved in the development of opioid addiction, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the interaction between ncRNAs and opioid addiction and present suggestions for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, China
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Rivero G, Llorente J, McPherson J, Cooke A, Mundell SJ, McArdle CA, Rosethorne EM, Charlton SJ, Krasel C, Bailey CP, Henderson G, Kelly E. Endomorphin-2: a biased agonist at the μ-opioid receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:178-88. [PMID: 22553358 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.078659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we correlated the efficacy for G protein activation with that for arrestin recruitment for a number of agonists at the μ-opioid receptor (MOPr) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. We suggested that the endomorphins (endomorphin-1 and -2) might be biased toward arrestin recruitment. In the present study, we investigated this phenomenon in more detail for endomorphin-2, using endogenous MOPr in rat brain as well as MOPr stably expressed in HEK293 cells. For MOPr in neurons in brainstem locus ceruleus slices, the peptide agonists [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) and endomorphin-2 activated inwardly rectifying K(+) current in a concentration-dependent manner. Analysis of these responses with the operational model of pharmacological agonism confirmed that endomorphin-2 had a much lower operational efficacy for G protein-mediated responses than did DAMGO at native MOPr in mature neurons. However, endomorphin-2 induced faster desensitization of the K(+) current than did DAMGO. In addition, in HEK293 cells stably expressing MOPr, the ability of endomorphin-2 to induce phosphorylation of Ser375 in the COOH terminus of the receptor, to induce association of arrestin with the receptor, and to induce cell surface loss of receptors was much more efficient than would be predicted from its efficacy for G protein-mediated signaling. Together, these results indicate that endomorphin-2 is an arrestin-biased agonist at MOPr and the reason for this is likely to be the ability of endomorphin-2 to induce greater phosphorylation of MOPr than would be expected from its ability to activate MOPr and to induce activation of G proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Rivero
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
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Doll C, Konietzko J, Pöll F, Koch T, Höllt V, Schulz S. Agonist-selective patterns of µ-opioid receptor phosphorylation revealed by phosphosite-specific antibodies. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:298-307. [PMID: 21449911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Morphine activates the µ-opioid receptor without causing its rapid endocytosis. In contrast, full agonists such as [d-Ala(2) -MePhe(4) -Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) or etonitazene stimulate a rapid and profound internalization. However, the detailed molecular events underlying the differential regulation of receptor trafficking by distinct opioid agonists remain incompletely understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Here, we have generated phosphosite-specific antibodies for the carboxyl-terminal residues serine 363 (Ser363), threonine 370 (Thr370) and serine 375 (Ser375), which enabled us to selectively detect either the Ser363-, Thr370- or Ser375-phosphorylated form of the receptor. KEY RESULTS We showed that agonist-induced phosphorylation occurs at Thr370 and Ser375, whereas Ser363 is constitutively phosphorylated in the absence of agonist. We further demonstated that DAMGO and etonitazene stimulated the phosphorylation of both Thr370 and Ser375. In contrast, morphine promoted the phosphorylation of Ser375, but failed to stimulate Thr370 phosphorylation. In the presence of DAMGO, Ser375 phosphorylation occurred at a faster rate than phosphorylation of Thr370, indicating that Ser375 is the primary site of agonist-dependent phosphorylation. Activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased receptor phosphorylation only on Thr370, but not on Ser375, indicating that Thr370 can also undergo heterologous PKC-mediated phosphorylation. We also showed that µ receptor dephosphorylation can occur within minutes at or near the plasma membrane, and that agonist removal is a major prerequisite for Thr370 and Ser375 dephosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Together, we showed for the first time that distinct agonists stimulate site-specific patterns of phosphorylation, which are intimately related to their ability to elicit µ-opioid receptor sequestration. LINKED ARTICLE This article is commented on by Kelly, pp. 294-297 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01387.x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Doll
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Moulédous L, Froment C, Dauvillier S, Burlet-Schiltz O, Zajac JM, Mollereau C. GRK2 protein-mediated transphosphorylation contributes to loss of function of μ-opioid receptors induced by neuropeptide FF (NPFF2) receptors. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12736-49. [PMID: 22375000 PMCID: PMC3339982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.314617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) interacts with specific receptors to modulate opioid functions in the central nervous system. On dissociated neurons and neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) transfected with NPFF receptors, NPFF acts as a functional antagonist of μ-opioid (MOP) receptors by attenuating the opioid-induced inhibition of calcium conductance. In the SH-SY5Y model, MOP and NPFF(2) receptors have been shown to heteromerize. To understand the molecular mechanism involved in the anti-opioid activity of NPFF, we have investigated the phosphorylation status of the MOP receptor using phospho-specific antibody and mass spectrometry. Similarly to direct opioid receptor stimulation, activation of the NPFF(2) receptor by [D-Tyr-1-(NMe)Phe-3]NPFF (1DMe), an analog of NPFF, induced the phosphorylation of Ser-377 of the human MOP receptor. This heterologous phosphorylation was unaffected by inhibition of second messenger-dependent kinases and, contrarily to homologous phosphorylation, was prevented by inactivation of G(i/o) proteins by pertussis toxin. Using siRNA knockdown we could demonstrate that 1DMe-induced Ser-377 cross-phosphorylation and MOP receptor loss of function were mediated by the G protein receptor kinase GRK2. In addition, mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the phosphorylation pattern of MOP receptors was qualitatively similar after treatment with the MOP agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly (NMe)-Phe-Gly-ol (DAMGO) or after treatment with the NPFF agonist 1DMe, but the level of multiple phosphorylation was more intense after DAMGO. Finally, NPFF(2) receptor activation was sufficient to recruit β-arrestin2 to the MOP receptor but not to induce its internalization. These data show that NPFF-induced heterologous desensitization of MOP receptor signaling is mediated by GRK2 and could involve transphosphorylation within the heteromeric receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Moulédous
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse, UMR 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Carine Froment
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse, UMR 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Dauvillier
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse, UMR 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse, UMR 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marie Zajac
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse, UMR 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Mollereau
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse, UMR 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
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Zheng H, Pearsall EA, Hurst DP, Zhang Y, Chu J, Zhou Y, Reggio PH, Loh HH, Law PY. Palmitoylation and membrane cholesterol stabilize μ-opioid receptor homodimerization and G protein coupling. BMC Cell Biol 2012; 13:6. [PMID: 22429589 PMCID: PMC3317874 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-13-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cholesterol-palmitoyl interaction has been reported to occur in the dimeric interface of the β₂-adrenergic receptor crystal structure. We sought to investigate whether a similar phenomenon could be observed with μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1), and if so, to assess the role of cholesterol in this class of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. RESULTS C3.55(170) was determined to be the palmitoylation site of OPRM1. Mutation of this Cys to Ala did not affect the binding of agonists, but attenuated receptor signaling and decreased cholesterol associated with the receptor signaling complex. In addition, both attenuation of receptor palmitoylation (by mutation of C3.55[170] to Ala) and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis (by treating the cells with simvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) impaired receptor signaling, possibly by decreasing receptor homodimerization and Gαi2 coupling; this was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence colocalization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analyses. A computational model of the OPRM1 homodimer structure indicated that a specific cholesterol-palmitoyl interaction can facilitate OPRM1 homodimerization at the TMH4-TMH4 interface. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that C3.55(170) is the palmitoylation site of OPRM1 and identify a cholesterol-palmitoyl interaction in the OPRM1 complex. Our findings suggest that this interaction contributes to OPRM1 signaling by facilitating receptor homodimerization and G protein coupling. This conclusion is supported by computational modeling of the OPRM1 homodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Vacca V, Marinelli S, Eleuteri C, Luvisetto S, Pavone F. Botulinum neurotoxin A enhances the analgesic effects on inflammatory pain and antagonizes tolerance induced by morphine in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:489-99. [PMID: 22281280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the recent years compelling evidence has accumulated indicating that botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) results in analgesic effects on neuropathic as well as inflammatory pain, both in humans and in animal models. In the present study, the pharmacological interaction of BoNT/A with morphine in fighting inflammatory pain was investigated in mice using the formalin test. Moreover, the effects of BoNT/A on the tolerance-induced by chronic administration of morphine were tested and the behavioral effects were correlated with immunofluorescence staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein, the specific marker of astrocytes, at the spinal cord level. An ineffective dose of BoNT/A (2 pg/paw) combined with an ineffective dose of morphine (1 mg/kg) exerted a significant analgesic action both during the early and the late phases of formalin test. A single intraplantar injection of BoNT/A (15 pg/paw; i.pl.), administered the day before the beginning of chronic morphine treatment (7 days of s.c. injections of 20 mg/kg), was able to counteract the occurrence of tolerance to morphine. Moreover, BoNT/A reduces the enhancement of the expression of astrocytes induced by inflammatory formalin pain. Side effects of opiates, including the development of tolerance during repeated use, may limit their therapeutic use, the possibility of using BoNT/A for lowering the effective dose of morphine and preventing the development of opioid tolerance would have relevant implications in terms of potential therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vacca
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy (Cell Biology and Neurobiology Institute IBCN)/IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
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Zheng H, Zou H, Liu X, Chu J, Zhou Y, Loh HH, Law PY. Cholesterol level influences opioid signaling in cell models and analgesia in mice and humans. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1153-62. [PMID: 22377533 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m024455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol regulates the signaling of µ-opioid receptor in cell models, but it has not been demonstrated in mice or humans. Whether cholesterol regulates the signaling by mechanisms other than supporting the entirety of lipid raft microdomains is still unknown. By modulating cholesterol-enriched lipid raft microdomains and/or total cellular cholesterol contents in human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing µ-opioid receptor, we concluded that cholesterol stabilized opioid signaling both by supporting the lipid raft's entirety and by facilitating G protein coupling. Similar phenomena were observed in the primary rat hippocampal neurons. In addition, reducing the brain cholesterol level with simvastatin impaired the analgesic effect of opioids in mice, whereas the opioid analgesic effect was enhanced in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Furthermore, when the records of patients were analyzed, an inverse correlation between cholesterol levels and fentanyl doses used for anesthesia was identified, which suggested the mechanisms above could also be applicable to humans. Our results identified the interaction between opioids and cholesterol, which should be considered in clinics as a probable route for drug-drug interaction. Our studies also suggested that a low cholesterol level could lead to clinical issues, such as the observed impairment in opioid functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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ßarrestin1-biased agonism at human δ-opioid receptor by peptidic and alkaloid ligands. Cell Signal 2011; 24:699-707. [PMID: 22101011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported on the differential regulation of the human δ-opioid receptor (hDOR) by alkaloid (etorphine) and peptidic (DPDPE and deltorphin I) ligands, in terms of both receptor desensitization and post-endocytic sorting. Since ßarrestins are well known to regulate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling and trafficking, we therefore investigated the role of ßarrestin1 (the only isoform expressed in our cellular model) in the context of the hDOR. We established clonal cell lines of SK-N-BE cells over-expressing ßarrestin1, its dominant negative mutant (ßarrestin1(319-418)), and shRNA directed against endogenous ßarrestin1. Interestingly, both binding and confocal microscopy approaches demonstrated that ßarrestin1 is required for hDOR endocytosis only when activated by etorphine. Conversely, functional experiments revealed that ßarrestin1 is exclusively involved in hDOR desensitization promoted by the peptides. Taken together, these results provide substantial evidence for a ßarrestin1-biased agonism at hDOR, where ßarrestin1 is differentially involved during receptor desensitization and endocytosis depending on the ligand.
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Opioid Receptor Trafficking and Signaling: What Happens After Opioid Receptor Activation? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:167-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Raehal KM, Schmid CL, Groer CE, Bohn LM. Functional selectivity at the μ-opioid receptor: implications for understanding opioid analgesia and tolerance. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:1001-19. [PMID: 21873412 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are the most effective analgesic drugs for the management of moderate or severe pain, yet their clinical use is often limited because of the onset of adverse side effects. Drugs in this class produce most of their physiological effects through activation of the μ opioid receptor; however, an increasing number of studies demonstrate that different opioids, while presumably acting at this single receptor, can activate distinct downstream responses, a phenomenon termed functional selectivity. Functional selectivity of receptor-mediated events can manifest as a function of the drug used, the cellular or neuronal environment examined, or the signaling or behavioral measure recorded. This review summarizes both in vitro and in vivo work demonstrating functional selectivity at the μ opioid receptor in terms of G protein coupling, receptor phosphorylation, interactions with β-arrestins, receptor desensitization, internalization and signaling, and details on how these differences may relate to the progression of analgesic tolerance after their extended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Raehal
- Molecular Therapeutics and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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Gonzales KL, Chapleau JD, Pierce JP, Kelter DT, Williams TJ, Torres-Reveron A, McEwen BS, Waters EM, Milner TA. The influences of reproductive status and acute stress on the levels of phosphorylated mu opioid receptor immunoreactivity in rat hippocampus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:00018. [PMID: 22468144 PMCID: PMC3316303 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids play a critical role in hippocampally dependent behavior and plasticity. In the hippocampal formation, mu opioid receptors (MOR) are prominent in parvalbumin (PARV) containing interneurons. Previously we found that gonadal hormones modulate the trafficking of MORs in PARV interneurons. Although sex differences in response to stress are well documented, the point at which opioids, sex and stress interact to influence hippocampal function remains elusive. Thus, we used quantitative immunocytochemistry in combination with light and electron microscopy for the phosphorylated MOR at the SER375 carboxy-terminal residue (pMOR) in male and female rats to assess these interactions. In both sexes, pMOR-immunoreactivity (ir) was prominent in axons and terminals and in a few neuronal somata and dendrites, some of which contained PARV in the mossy fiber pathway region of the dentate gyrus (DG) hilus and CA3 stratum lucidum. In unstressed rats, the levels of pMOR-ir in the DG or CA3 were not affected by sex or estrous cycle stage. However, immediately following 30 minutes of acute immobilization stress (AIS), males had higher levels of pMOR-ir whereas females at proestrus and estrus (high estrogen stages) had lower levels of pMOR-ir within the DG. In contrast, the number and types of neuronal profiles with pMOR-ir were not altered by AIS in either males or proestrus females. These data demonstrate that although gonadal steroids do not affect pMOR levels at resting conditions, they are differentially activated both pre- and post-synaptic MORs following stress. These interactions may contribute to the reported sex differences in hippocampally dependent behaviors in stressed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith L. Gonzales
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanette D. Chapleau
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph P. Pierce
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY, USA
| | - David T. Kelter
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY, USA
| | - Tanya J. Williams
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD ProgramNew York, NY, USA
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | | | - Bruce S. McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Waters
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY, USA
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA
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Stallaert W, Christopoulos A, Bouvier M. Ligand functional selectivity and quantitative pharmacology at G protein-coupled receptors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:811-25. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.586691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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41
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Zheng H, Chu J, Zhang Y, Loh HH, Law PY. Modulating micro-opioid receptor phosphorylation switches agonist-dependent signaling as reflected in PKCepsilon activation and dendritic spine stability. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12724-33. [PMID: 21292762 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.177089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new role of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) phosphorylation was demonstrated in the current studies by using the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) as a model. Morphine induces a low level of receptor phosphorylation and uses the PKCε pathway to induce ERK phosphorylation and receptor desensitization, whereas etorphine, fentanyl, and [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) induce extensive receptor phosphorylation and use the β-arrestin2 pathway. Blocking OPRM1 phosphorylation (by mutating Ser363, Thr370 and Ser375 to Ala) enabled etorphine, fentanyl, and DAMGO to use the PKCε pathway. This was not due to the decreased recruitment of β-arrestin2 to the receptor signaling complex, because these agonists were unable to use the PKCε pathway when β-arrestin2 was absent. In addition, overexpressing G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) decreased the ability of morphine to activate PKCε, whereas overexpressing dominant-negative GRK2 enabled etorphine, fentanyl, and DAMGO to activate PKCε. Furthermore, by overexpressing wild-type OPRM1 and a phosphorylation-deficient mutant in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons, we demonstrated that receptor phosphorylation contributes to the differential effects of agonists on dendritic spine stability. Phosphorylation blockage made etorphine, fentanyl, and DAMGO function as morphine in the primary cultures. Therefore, agonist-dependent phosphorylation of GPCR regulates the activation of the PKC pathway and the subsequent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0217, USA.
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42
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McPherson J, Rivero G, Baptist M, Llorente J, Al-Sabah S, Krasel C, Dewey WL, Bailey CP, Rosethorne EM, Charlton SJ, Henderson G, Kelly E. μ-opioid receptors: correlation of agonist efficacy for signalling with ability to activate internalization. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:756-66. [PMID: 20647394 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.066613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have compared the ability of a number of μ-opioid receptor (MOPr) ligands to activate G proteins with their abilities to induce MOPr phosphorylation, to promote association of arrestin-3 and to cause MOPr internalization. For a model of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation where all agonists stabilize a single active conformation of the receptor, a close correlation between signaling outputs might be expected. Our results show that overall there is a very good correlation between efficacy for G protein activation and arrestin-3 recruitment, whereas a few agonists, in particular endomorphins 1 and 2, display apparent bias toward arrestin recruitment. The agonist-induced phosphorylation of MOPr at Ser(375), considered a key step in MOPr regulation, and agonist-induced internalization of MOPr were each found to correlate well with arrestin-3 recruitment. These data indicate that for the majority of MOPr agonists the ability to induce receptor phosphorylation, arrestin-3 recruitment, and internalization can be predicted from their ability as agonists to activate G proteins. For the prototypic MOPr agonist morphine, its relatively weak ability to induce MOPr internalization can be explained by its low agonist efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McPherson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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Ligand-directed c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation disrupts opioid receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:11608-13. [PMID: 20534436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000751107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-directed signaling has been suggested as a basis for the differences in responses evoked by otherwise receptor-selective agonists. The underlying mechanisms are not understood, yet clearer definition of this concept may be helpful in the development of novel, pathway-selective therapeutic agents. We previously showed that kappa-opioid receptor activation of JNK by one class of ligand, but not another, caused persistent receptor inactivation. In the current study, we found that the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) could be similarly inactivated by a specific ligand class including the prototypical opioid, morphine. Acute analgesic tolerance to morphine and related opioids (morphine-6-glucuronide and buprenorphine) was blocked by JNK inhibition, but not by G protein receptor kinase 3 knockout. In contrast, a second class of mu-opioids including fentanyl, methadone, and oxycodone produced acute analgesic tolerance that was blocked by G protein receptor kinase 3 knockout, but not by JNK inhibition. Acute MOR desensitization, demonstrated by reduced D-Ala(2)-Met(5)-Glyol-enkephalin-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding to spinal cord membranes from morphine-pretreated mice, was also blocked by JNK inhibition; however, desensitization of D-Ala(2)-Met(5)-Glyol-enkephalin-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding following fentanyl pretreatment was not blocked by JNK inhibition. JNK-mediated receptor inactivation of the kappa-opioid receptor was evident in both agonist-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding and opioid analgesic assays; however, gene knockout of JNK 1 selectively blocked kappa-receptor inactivation, whereas deletion of JNK 2 selectively blocked MOR inactivation. These findings suggest that ligand-directed activation of JNK kinases may generally provides an alternate mode of G protein-coupled receptor regulation.
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Berger AC, Whistler JL. How to design an opioid drug that causes reduced tolerance and dependence. Ann Neurol 2010; 67:559-69. [PMID: 20437553 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists such as morphine are extremely effective treatments for acute pain. In the setting of chronic pain, however, their long-term utility is limited by the development of tolerance and physical dependence. Drug companies have tried to overcome these problems by simply "dialing up" signal transduction at the receptor, designing more potent and efficacious agonists and more long-lasting formulations. Neither of these strategies has proven to be successful, however, because the net amount of signal transduction, particularly over extended periods of drug use, is a product of much more than the pharmacokinetic properties of potency, efficacy, half-life, and bioavailability, the mainstays of traditional pharmaceutical screening. Both the quantity and quality of signal transduction are influenced by many regulated processes, including receptor desensitization, trafficking, and oligomerization. Importantly, the efficiency with which an agonist first stimulates signal transduction is not necessarily related to the efficiency with which it stimulates these other processes. Here we describe recent findings that suggest MOR agonists with diminished propensity to cause tolerance and dependence can be identified by screening drugs for the ability to induce MOR desensitization, endocytosis, and recycling. We also discuss preliminary evidence that heteromers of the delta opioid receptor and the MOR are pronociceptive, and that drugs that spare such heteromers may also induce reduced tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chang Berger
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Emeryville, CA, USA
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Zheng H, Loh HH, Law PY. Agonist-selective signaling of G protein-coupled receptor: mechanisms and implications. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:112-9. [PMID: 20058265 DOI: 10.1002/iub.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Agonist-selective signaling or ligand-biased signaling of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) has become the focus of an increasing number of laboratories. The principle of this concept is that agonist possesses different abilities to activate different signaling pathways. Current review summarizes the observations of agonist-selective signaling of various GPCRs, indicating the significance of agonist-selective signaling in biological processes. In addition, current review also provides an overview on how agonist-selective signaling is initiated. Especially, the relationship between GPCR-G protein interaction and GPCR-beta-arrestin interaction is discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA.
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Chu J, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Loh HH, Law PY. Agonist-dependent mu-opioid receptor signaling can lead to heterologous desensitization. Cell Signal 2010; 22:684-96. [PMID: 20043990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Desensitization of the micro-opioid receptor (MOR) has been implicated as an important regulatory process in the development of tolerance to opiates. Monitoring the release of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)), we reported that [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO)-induced receptor desensitization requires receptor phosphorylation and recruitment of beta-arrestins (betaArrs), while morphine-induced receptor desensitization does not. In current studies, we established that morphine-induced MOR desensitization is protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent. By using RNA interference techniques and subtype specific inhibitors, PKCepsilon was shown to be the PKC subtype activated by morphine and the subtype responsible for morphine-induced desensitization. In contrast, DAMGO did not increase PKCepsilon activity and DAMGO-induced MOR desensitization was not affected by modulating PKCepsilon activity. Among the various proteins within the receptor signaling complex, Galphai2 was phosphorylated by morphine-activated PKCepsilon. Moreover, mutating three putative PKC phosphorylation sites, Ser(44), Ser(144) and Ser(302) on Galphai2 to Ala attenuated morphine-induced, but not DAMGO-induced desensitization. In addition, pretreatment with morphine desensitized cannabinoid receptor CB1 agonist WIN 55212-2-induced [Ca(2+)](i) release, and this desensitization could be reversed by pretreating the cells with PKCepsilon inhibitor or overexpressing Galphai2 with the putative PKC phosphorylation sites mutated. Thus, depending on the agonist, activation of MOR could lead to heterologous desensitization and probable crosstalk between MOR and other Galphai-coupled receptors, such as the CB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0217, USA.
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Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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48
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Zheng H, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Chu J, Loh HH, Law PY. mu-Opioid receptor agonists differentially regulate the expression of miR-190 and NeuroD. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 77:102-9. [PMID: 19854889 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The agonists of mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation through different pathways: morphine uses the protein kinase C (PKC)-pathway, whereas fentanyl functions in a beta-arrestin2-dependent manner. In addition, the two pathways result in the different cellular location of phosphorylated ERK and the activation of different sets of transcriptional factors. In the current study, the influence of the two pathways on the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) was investigated. After treating the primary culture of rat hippocampal neurons and the mouse hippocampi with morphine or fentanyl for 3 days, seven miRNAs regulated by one or two of the agonists were identified. One of the identified miRNAs, miR-190, was down-regulated by fentanyl but not by morphine. This down-regulation was attenuated by 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(methylthio)butadiene (U0126), which blocks the phosphorylation of ERK. When fentanyl-induced but not morphine-induced ERK phosphorylation was blocked in the primary cultures from beta-arrestin2(-/-) mouse, fentanyl did not decrease the expression of miR-190. However, a PKC inhibitor that blocked morphine-induced ERK phosphorylation specifically had no effect on the miR-190 down-regulation. Therefore the decrease in miR-190 expression resulted from the agonist-selective ERK phosphorylation. In addition, the expressional changes in one of the miR-190 targets, neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD), correlated with those in miR-190 expression, suggesting the OPRM1 could regulate the NeuroD pathways via the control of miR-190 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA.
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