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Wang J, Zhang H, Hu H, Hu S, Ma L. An enzyme-responsive hydrogel of ferrocene-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan as a soft electrochemical sensor for MMP-9 detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131582. [PMID: 38631589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in wound healing. However, overexpression of MMP-9 leads to the degradation of the newly formed extracellular matrix, which delays wound healing, ultimately leading to chronic wounds. Therefore, timely monitoring of the MMP-9 activity using simple, cost-effective methods is important to prevent the formation of chronic wounds. In this work, ferrocene-modified MMP-9 cleavage peptide (Fc-MG) modified carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels were prepared as electrochemical biosensors. In the presence of MMP-9, the peptide chain is sheared, and the electrochemically active ferrocene segment is released. Therefore, analyzing the electrochemical activity of hydrogels using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) can be used to determine MMP-9 activity. The results showed that the DPV peaks were correlated with the MMP-9 concentration in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). Specifically, the corresponding coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.918 and 0.993. The limit of detections were 73.08 ng/mL and 131.71 ng/mL, respectively. Compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the hydrogel biosensor determined the concentration of MMP-9 in solution with simpler steps. This study demonstrates a novel strategy based on Fc-MG-modified hydrogels to monitor MMP-9 activity in cell secretion samples and shows the potential application in chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongtao Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sentao Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lie Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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Zhang W, He J, Hu Y, Lu J, Zhao J, Li P. Chemical Structure and Immune Activation of a Glucan From Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. Front Nutr 2022; 9:942241. [PMID: 35845784 PMCID: PMC9277461 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.942241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii is a traditional Chinese herb used to treat depression and coronary heart disease. Studies on its active components mainly focus on small molecular compounds such as asarone and other essential oil components, while the large molecular active components such as polysaccharides are ignored. In this study, we aimed to study the chemical structure and immune activation of polysaccharides from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. In this study, a polysaccharide (RATAPW) was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography from alkali extraction polysaccharide of Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. The average molecular weight of RATAPW was 2.51 × 104 Da, and the total carbohydrate contents of RATAPW were 98.23 ± 0.29%. The monosaccharide composition, methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis results displayed that the polysaccharide was α-1,4-glucan with short α-1,6 branches. Immunofluorescence assay and inhibitor neutralization assay indicated that RATAPW could promote the TNF-α production of RAW264.7 macrophage through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) molecular signaling pathway. Treatment with 200 μg/ml of RATAPW enhanced a 38.77% rise in the proliferation rate of spleen lymphocytes. RATAPW also enhances ConA-induced T cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cell proliferation in a dose-dependent effect. Our study lays a foundation for the discovery of natural polysaccharide immune modulators or functional food from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii.
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Design and synthesis of new triarylimidazole derivatives as dual inhibitors of BRAFV600E/p38α with potential antiproliferative activity. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ali EMH, El-Telbany RFA, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Ammar UM, Mersal KI, Zaraei SO, El-Gamal MI, Choi SI, Lee KT, Kim HK, Lee KH, Oh CH. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of novel (imidazol-5-yl)pyrimidine-based derivatives as dual BRAF V600E/p38α inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113277. [PMID: 33601311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of dual inhibition of serine/threonine protein kinases that are involved in the same signalling pathway of the diseases can exert superior biological benefits for treatment of these diseases. In the present work, a new series of (imidazol-5-yl)pyrimidine was designed and synthesized as dual inhibitors of BRAFV600E and p38α kinases which are considered as key regulators in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. The target compounds were evaluated for dual kinase inhibitory activity. The tested compounds exhibited nanomolar scale IC50 values against BRAFV600E and low to sub-micromolar IC50 range against p38α. Compound 20h was identified as the most potent dual BRAFV600E/p38α inhibitor with IC50 values of 2.49 and 85 nM, respectively. Further deep investigation revealed that compound 20h possesses inhibitory activity of TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 value of 96.3 nM. Additionally, the target compounds efficiently frustrated the proliferation of LOX-IMVI melanoma cell line. Compound 20h showed a satisfactory antiproliferative activity with IC50 value of 13 μM, while, compound 18f exhibited the highest cytotoxicity potency with IC50 value of 0.9 μM. Compound 18f is 11.11-fold more selective toward LOX-IMVI melanoma cells than IOSE-80PC normal cells. The newly reported compounds represent therapeutically promising candidates for further development of BRAFV600E/p38α inhibitors in an attempt to overcome the acquired resistance of BRAF mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M H Ali
- Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt
| | - Rania Farag A El-Telbany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre NRC (ID: 60014618)), Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Usama M Ammar
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karim I Mersal
- Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Se-In Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Lin CH, Chang YC, Chang TK, Huang CH, Lu YC, Huang CH, Chen MJ. Enhanced expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory macrophages is through TRIF-dependent innate immunity pathway. Life Sci 2020; 265:118832. [PMID: 33259866 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory macrophages have been proposed as a therapeutic target for joint disorders caused by inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the expression and regulation of coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory macrophages whereby to evaluate the feasibility of virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (VDEPT). MAIN METHODS Macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7 and J774A.1) and primary macrophage cells derived from rat spleen were used to evaluate the expression of CAR protein or CAR mRNA. Specific inhibitors for TLR4 pathway were used to investigate the regulation of CAR expression. CAR expression in rat joints was documented by immunohistochemistry. Conditionally replicating adenovirus, CRAd-EGFP(PS1217L) or CRAd-NTR(PS1217H6), and non-replicating adenovirus CTL102 were used to transduce genes for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or nitroreductase (NTR), respectively. The expression of EGFP, NTR, and the toxicity induced by CB1954 activation were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS The in vitro experiments revealed that CAR upregulation was mediated through the TLR4/TRIF/IRF3 pathway in LPS-stimulated inflammatory macrophage RAW264.7 and J774A.1 cells. The inflammatory RAW264.7 cells upregulated CAR expression following LPS stimulation, leading to higher infectability, increased NTR expression, and enhanced sensitization to CB1954. In animal experiments, the induction of CAR expression was observed in the CD68-expressing primary macrophages and in the CD68-expressing macrophages within joints following LPS stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, we report an enhanced CAR expression in inflammatory macrophages in vitro and in vivo through the immune response elicited by LPS. Thus, the TLR4/TRIF/IRF3 pathway of macrophages, when activated, could facilitate the therapeutic application of adenovirus-mediated VDEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsin Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ching Chang
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuo Chang
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lu
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Standardised comparison of limonene-derived monoterpenes identifies structural determinants of anti-inflammatory activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7199. [PMID: 32350292 PMCID: PMC7190660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mint species are widely used in traditional and conventional medicine as topical analgesics for osteoarthritic pain and for disorders of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts which are all associated with chronic inflammation. To identify the structural determinants of anti-inflammatory activity and potency which are required for chemical optimization towards development of new anti-inflammatory drugs, a selected group of monoterpenes especially abundant in mint species was screened by measuring bacterial lipopolysacharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophages. Nine compounds significantly decreased LPS-induced NO production by more than 30%. IC50 values were calculated showing that the order of potency is: (S)-(+)-carvone > (R)-(−)-carvone > (+)-dihydrocarveol > (S)-8-hydroxycarvotanacetone > (R)-8-hydroxycarvotanacetone > (+)-dihydrocarvone > (−)-carveol > (−)-dihydrocarveol > (S)-(-)-pulegone. Considering the carbon numbering relative to the common precursor, limonene, the presence of an oxygenated group at C6 conjugated to a double bond at C1 and an isopropenyl group and S configuration at C4 are the major chemical features relevant for activity and potency. The most potent compound, (S)-(+)-carvone, significantly decreased the expression of NOS2 and IL-1β in macrophages and in a cell model of osteoarthritis using primary human chondrocytes. (S)-(+)-carvone may be efficient in halting inflammation-related diseases, like osteoarthritis.
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Mehran S, Rasmi Y, Karamdel HR, Hossinzadeh R, Gholinejad Z. Study of the Binding Interaction between Wortmannin and Calf Thymus DNA: Multispectroscopic and Molecular Docking Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:4936351. [PMID: 31975999 PMCID: PMC6949734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4936351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wortmannin (WTN) is a steroid metabolite that inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and other signaling pathways. Structurally, the WTN consists of a cyclopentanophenanthrene-like structure with several oxygen-rich moieties which have the potential to interact with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. METHODS We aim to evaluate the WTN and calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) interaction with molecular docking using the AutoDock 4.2 software. UV and fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity techniques were performed to confirm the in silico analysis. RESULTS Molecular docking showed that the WTN interacted with ct-DNA via hydrogen bonds at guanine-rich sequences. The number of hydrogen bonds between the WTN and DNA was 1-2 bonds (average 1.2) per WTN molecule. The in silico binding constant was 2 × 103 M-1. UV spectroscopy showed that the WTN induced a hyperchromic feature without wavelength shifting. The WTN and DNA interaction led to quenching of DNA-emitted fluorescence. The different concentrations of WTN had no effect on DNA viscosity. Taken together, our results demonstrated WTN interacts with DNA in the nonintercalating mode, which is considered as a new mechanism of action. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the WTN may exert its biological effects, at least in part, via interaction with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Mehran
- Department of Biology, Higher Education Institute of Rabe-Rashidi, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Karamdel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ramin Hossinzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zafar Gholinejad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
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Zhang H, Jin Y, Peng A, Guo S, Loor JJ, Wang H. L-Arginine protects ovine intestinal epithelial cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier injury. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1664417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Jin
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Along Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Sumilat DA, Oda T, Wewengkang DS, Namikoshi M, Yamazaki H. Inhibition of interleukin-8 production in interleukin-1 stimulated human monocytic THP-1 cells by N,N didesmethylgrossularine-1 obtained from an Ascidian Polycarpa aurata collected in North Sulawesi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/567/1/012021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zimmerer JM, Liu XL, Blaszczak A, Avila CL, Pham TA, Warren RT, Bumgardner GL. Critical Role of Macrophage FcγR Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species in Alloantibody-Mediated Hepatocyte Rejection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:3731-3740. [PMID: 30397035 PMCID: PMC6289737 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Humoral alloimmunity negatively impacts both short- and long-term cell and solid organ transplant survival. We previously reported that alloantibody-mediated rejection of transplanted hepatocytes is critically dependent on host macrophages. However, the effector mechanism(s) of macrophage-mediated injury to allogeneic liver parenchymal cells is not known. We hypothesized that macrophage-mediated destruction of allogeneic hepatocytes occurs by cell-cell interactions requiring FcγRs. To examine this, alloantibody-dependent hepatocyte rejection in CD8-depleted wild-type (WT) and Fcγ-chain knockout (KO; lacking all functional FcγR) transplant recipients was evaluated. Alloantibody-mediated hepatocellular allograft rejection was abrogated in recipients lacking FcγR compared with WT recipients. We also investigated anti-FcγRI mAb, anti-FcγRIII mAb, and inhibitors of intracellular signaling (to block phagocytosis, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species [ROS]) in an in vitro alloantibody-dependent, macrophage-mediated hepatocytoxicity assay. Results showed that in vitro alloantibody-dependent, macrophage-mediated hepatocytotoxicity was critically dependent on FcγRs and ROS. The adoptive transfer of WT macrophages into CD8-depleted FcγR-deficient recipients was sufficient to induce alloantibody-mediated rejection, whereas adoptive transfer of macrophages from Fcγ-chain KO mice or ROS-deficient (p47 KO) macrophages was not. These results provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that alloantibody-dependent hepatocellular allograft rejection is mediated by host macrophages through FcγR signaling and ROS cytotoxic effector mechanisms. These results support the investigation of novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting macrophages, FcγRs, and/or downstream molecules, including ROS, to inhibit humoral immune damage of transplanted hepatocytes and perhaps other cell and solid organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Zimmerer
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Xin L Liu
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Alecia Blaszczak
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christina L Avila
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Thomas A Pham
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Robert T Warren
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Ginny L Bumgardner
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
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Yang J, Li S, Wang L, Du F, Zhou X, Song Q, Zhao J, Fang R. Ginsenoside Rg3 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via MerTK-Dependent Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:850. [PMID: 30116194 PMCID: PMC6082957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical disease with high morbidity in both humans and animals. Ginsenoside Rg3, a type of traditional Chinese medicine extracted from ginseng, is widely used to cure many inflammation-related diseases. However, the specific molecular mechanism of the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on inflammation has rarely been reported. Thus, we established a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI to investigate the immune protective effects of ginsenoside Rg3 and explore its molecular mechanism. In wild type (WT) mice, we found that ginsenoside Rg3 treatment significantly mitigated pathological damages and reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); furthermore, the production of anti-inflammatory mediators interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), polarization of M2 macrophages and expression levels of the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MerTK) were promoted. However, there were no significant differences with regards to the pathological damage, MPO levels, inflammatory cytokine levels, and protein expression levels of the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR between the LPS treatment group and ginsenoside Rg3 group in MerTK-/- mice. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 could attenuate LPS-induced ALI by decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. These processes were mediated through MerTK-dependent activation of its downstream the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These findings identified a new site of the specific anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Senyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Du
- Hubei Center for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoliu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiqi Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zhu Y, Nadia E, Yao Y, Shi Z, Ren G. Tandem repeated expression of lunasin gene in Pichia pastoris and its anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Li NN, Meng XS, Bao YR, Wang S, Li TJ. Evidence for the Involvement of COX-2/VEGF and PTEN/Pl3K/AKT Pathway the Mechanism of Oroxin B Treated Liver Cancer. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:207-213. [PMID: 29720833 PMCID: PMC5909317 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_119_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oroxin B (OB) is one of flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids have obvious anti-liver tumors effect, but the precise molecular mechanism is still unclear. Objective The current study was performed to investigate the antitumor effects of OB on human hepatoma cell line SMMC-772 and explore the part of molecular mechanisms in this process. Materials and Methods MTT method, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry were utilized to detect the inhibition of proliferation and the apoptosis after treating OB in of SMMC-7721 cells. The mRNA and proteins expressions of COX-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), p-AKT, and PTEN were measured by a real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot method. Results The results showed that OB inhibited proliferation of SMMC-7721 cell in a dose-dependent manner, and induced its apoptosis. Moreover, OB unregulated PTEN and downregulated COX-2, VEGF, p-AKT, and PI3K. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that OB significantly inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be strongly associated with the inhibiting COX-2/VEGF and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway signaling pathway in SMMC-7721 cells, OB potentially be used as a novel therapeutic agent for liver cancer. SUMMARY OB (Oroxin B) is one of the effective flavonoid components of traditional Chinese medicine O. indicum (L.)OB can inhibite the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of the human hepatoma cell line SMMC 7721OB plays a role of antitumor effect may to regulate COX 2/VEGF and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathways directly or indirectly. Abbreviations used: OB: Oroxin B; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; DAPI: Diamidino 2 phenylindole; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: Propidium Iodide; RIPA: Radio immunoprecipitation assay lysis buffer; PMSF: Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; PAGE: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yong-Rui Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
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Leucine alters immunoglobulin a secretion and inflammatory cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharide via the nuclear factor-κB pathway in intestine of chicken embryos. Animal 2017; 12:1903-1911. [PMID: 29271330 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to be involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune responses in many mammal cells. Here, we suggest that the mTOR pathway is involved in the intestinal inflammatory responses evoked by LPS treatment in chicken embryos. The intestinal tissue from Specific pathogen free chick embryos was cultured in the presence of LPS for 2 h. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cytokines, and protein levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mTOR and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) were determined. The results showed that LPS treatment increased sIgA concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA levels of interleukine (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 were upregulated by LPS treatment (P<0.05). Lipopolysaccharide increased the phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK and NF-κB (P<0.05) while decreasing the phosphorylation level of mTOR (P<0.05). Supplementation of leucine at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mM dose-dependently decreased sIgA production. Leucine supplementation at 40 mM restored the phosphorylation level of mTOR and p70S6K while suppressing the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB (P<0.05) and partially down-regulating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK. The transcription of IL-6 was significantly decreased by leucine supplementation. These results suggested that leucine could alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory responses by down-regulating NF-κB signaling pathway and evoking mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, which may involve in the regulation of the intestinal immune system in chicken embryos.
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15
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Identification and activation of TLR4-mediated signalling pathways by alginate-derived guluronate oligosaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1663. [PMID: 28490734 PMCID: PMC5431981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate, a natural acidic polysaccharide extracted from marine brown seaweeds, is composed of different blocks of β-(1, 4)-D-mannuronate (M) and its C-5 epimer α-(1, 4)-L-guluronate (G). Alginate-derived guluronate oligosaccharide (GOS) readily activates macrophages. However, to understand its role in immune responses, further studies are needed to characterize GOS transport and signalling. Our results show that GOS is recognized by and upregulates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on RAW264.7 macrophages, followed by its endocytosis via TLR4. Increased expression of TLR4 and myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) results in Akt phosphorylation and subsequent activation of both nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Moreover, GOS stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); notably, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation depends on TLR4 initiation. All these events contribute to the production of inflammatory mediators, either together or separately. Our findings also reveal that GOS induces cytoskeleton remodelling in RAW264.7 cells and promotes macrophage proliferation in mice ascites, both of which improve innate immunity. Conclusively, our investigation demonstrates that GOS, which is dependent on TLR4, is taken up by macrophages and stimulates TLR4/Akt/NF-κB, TLR4/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signalling pathways and exerts impressive immuno-stimulatory activity.
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16
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Wu T, Wang C, Ding L, Shen Y, Cui H, Wang M, Wang H. Arginine Relieves the Inflammatory Response and Enhances the Casein Expression in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9618795. [PMID: 27110069 PMCID: PMC4821974 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9618795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of functional active amino acids, L-arginine holds a key position in immunity. However, the mechanism that arginine modulates cow mammary inflammatory response in ruminant is unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of L-arginine on inflammatory response and casein expression after challenging the bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cells were divided into four groups, stimulated with or without LPS (10 μg/mL) and treated with or without arginine (100 μg/mL) for 12 h. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways as well as the casein was determined. The results showed that arginine reduced the LPS-induced production like IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS. Though the expression of NF-κB was attenuated and the mTOR signaling pathway was upregulated, arginine had no effect on TLR4 expression. In addition, our results show that the content of β-casein and the total casein were enhanced after arginine was supplemented in LPS-induced BMECs. In conclusion, arginine could relieve the inflammatory reaction induced by LPS and enhance the concentration of β-casein and the total casein in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Wu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cell Signaling Group, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, M Block QEII Medical Center, Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Luoyang Ding
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yizhao Shen
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huihui Cui
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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17
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Lubarski-Gotliv I, Asher C, Dada LA, Garty H. FXYD5 Protein Has a Pro-inflammatory Role in Epithelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11072-82. [PMID: 27006401 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.699041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The FXYD proteins are a family of small membrane proteins that share an invariant four amino acid signature motif F-X-Y-D and act as tissue-specific regulatory subunits of the Na,K-ATPase. FXYD5 (also termed dysadherin or RIC) is a structurally and functionally unique member of the FXYD family. As other FXYD proteins, FXYD5 specifically interacts with the Na,K-ATPase and alters its kinetics by increasing Vmax However, unlike other family members FXYD5 appears to have additional functions, which cannot be readily explained by modulation of transport kinetics. Knockdown of FXYD5 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells largely decreases expression and secretion of the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1). A related effect has also been observed in renal cell carcinoma cells. The current study aims to further characterize the relationship between the expression of FXYD5 and CCL2 secretion. We demonstrate that transfection of M1 epithelial cell line with FXYD5 largely increases lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated CCL2 mRNA and secretion of the translated protein. We have completed a detailed analysis of the molecular events leading to the above response. Our key findings indicate that FXYD5 generates a late response by increasing the surface expression of the TNFα receptor, without affecting its total protein level, or mRNA transcription. LPS administration to mice demonstrates induced secretion of CCL2 and TNFα in FXYD5-expressing lung peripheral tissue, which suggests a possible role for FXYD5 in normal epithelia during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lubarski-Gotliv
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel and
| | - Carol Asher
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel and
| | - Laura A Dada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Haim Garty
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel and
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18
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Navarrete S, Alarcón M, Palomo I. Aqueous Extract of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Ferulic Acid Reduce the Expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-Activated Macrophages. Molecules 2015; 20:15319-29. [PMID: 26307961 PMCID: PMC6332211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200815319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is essential for defending the body against pathogens; however, when inflammation becomes chronic, it is harmful to the body and is part of the pathophysiology of various diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) among others. In chronic inflammation macrophages play an important role, mainly through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Interleukin (IL)-1β, explained in part by activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a signaling pathway which culminates in the activation of Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, an important transcription factor in the expression of these proinflammatory genes. On the other hand, the benefits on health of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables are well described. In this work, the effects of aqueous extract of tomato and ferulic acid on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS activated monocyte-derived THP-1 macrophages were investigated. In addition, using Western blot, we investigated whether the inhibition was due to the interference on activation of NF-κB. We found that both the tomato extract and ferulic acid presented inhibitory activity on the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β cytokine by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. The current results suggest that tomatoes and ferulic acid may contribute to prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Navarrete
- Immunology and Haematology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule R09I2001, Chile.
| | - Iván Palomo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule R09I2001, Chile.
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Flavonoids casticin and chrysosplenol D from Artemisia annua L. inhibit inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Rufino AT, Ferreira I, Judas F, Salgueiro L, Lopes MC, Cavaleiro C, Mendes AF. Differential effects of the essential oils of Lavandula luisieri and Eryngium duriaei subsp. juresianum in cell models of two chronic inflammatory diseases. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1220-30. [PMID: 25612776 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.970701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Effective drugs to treat osteoarthritis (OA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are needed. OBJECTIVE To identify essential oils (EOs) with anti-inflammatory activity in cell models of OA and IBD. MATERIALS AND METHODS EOs from Eryngium duriaei subsp. juresianum (M. Laínz) M. Laínz (Apiaceae), Laserpitium eliasii subsp. thalictrifolium Sennen & Pau (Apiaceae), Lavandula luisieri (Rozeira) Rivas-Martínez (Lamiaceae), Othantus maritimus (L.) Hoff. & Link (Asteraceae), and Thapsia villosa L. (Apiaceae) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The anti-inflammatory activity of EOs (5-200 μg/mL) was evaluated by measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation (total and phosphorylated IκB-α), in primary human chondrocytes and the intestinal cell line, C2BBe1, stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), respectively. RESULTS The EO of L. luisieri significantly reduced iNOS (by 54.9 and 81.0%, respectively) and phosphorylated IκB-α (by 87.4% and 62.3%, respectively) in both cell models. The EO of E. duriaei subsp. juresianum caused similar effects in human chondrocytes, but was inactive in intestinal cells, even at higher concentrations. The EOs of L. eliasii subsp. thalictrifolium and O. maritimus decreased iNOS expression by 45.2 ± 8.7% and 45.2 ± 6.2%, respectively, in C2BBe1 cells and were inactive in chondrocytes. The EO of T. villosa was inactive in both cell types. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This is the first study showing anti-inflammatory effects of the EOs of L. luisieri and E. duriaei subsp. juresianum. These effects are specific of the cell type and may be valuable to develop new therapies or as sources of active compounds with improved efficacy and selectivity towards OA and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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21
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Das A, Chai JC, Kim SH, Lee YS, Park KS, Jung KH, Chai YG. Transcriptome sequencing of microglial cells stimulated with TLR3 and TLR4 ligands. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:517. [PMID: 26159724 PMCID: PMC4497376 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resident macrophages in the CNS microglia become activated and produce proinflammatory molecules upon encountering bacteria or viruses. TLRs are a phylogenetically conserved diverse family of sensors that drive innate immune responses following interactions with PAMPs. TLR3 and TLR4 recognize viral dsRNA Poly (I:C) and bacterial endotoxin LPS, respectively. Importantly, these receptors differ in their downstream adaptor molecules. Thus far, only a few studies have investigated the effects of TLR3 and TLR4 in macrophages. However, a genome-wide search for the effects of these TLRs has not been performed in microglia using RNA-seq. Gene expression patterns were determined for the BV-2 microglial cell line when stimulated with viral dsRNA Poly (I:C) or bacterial endotoxin LPS to identify novel transcribed genes, as well as investigate how differences in downstream signaling could influence gene expression in innate immunity. Results Sequencing assessment and quality evaluation revealed that common and unique patterns of proinflammatory genes were significantly up-regulated in response to TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation. However, the IFN/viral response gene showed a stronger response to TLR3 stimulation than to TLR4 stimulation. Unexpectedly, TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation did not activate IFN-ß and IRF3 in BV-2 microglia. Most importantly, we observed that previously unidentified transcription factors (TFs) (i.e., IRF1, IRF7, and IRF9) and the epigenetic regulators KDM4A and DNMT3L were significantly up-regulated in both TLR3- and TLR4-stimulated microglia. We also identified 29 previously unidentified genes that are important in immune regulation. In addition, we confirmed the expressions of key inflammatory genes as well as pro-inflammatory mediators in the supernatants were significantly induced in TLR3-and TLR4-stimulated primary microglial cells. Moreover, transcriptional start sites (TSSs) and isoforms, as well as differential promoter usage, revealed a complex pattern of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation upon infection with TLR3 and TLR4. Furthermore, TF motif analysis (-950 to +50 bp of the 5′ upstream promoters) revealed that the DNA sequences for NF-κB, IRF1, and STAT1 were significantly enriched in TLR3- and TLR4-stimulated microglia. Conclusions These unprecedented findings not only permit a comparison of TLR3-and TLR4-stimulated genes but also identify new genes that have not been previously implicated in innate immunity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1728-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung Sun Park
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Natural Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea.
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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Chien HY, Lu CS, Chuang KH, Kao PH, Wu YL. Attenuation of LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase expression by lysophosphatidic acid in macrophages. Innate Immun 2015; 21:635-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425915576345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
LPS can activate the inflammatory cascades by inducing various inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) resulting from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and NO produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been demonstrated to participate in inflammation. This study aimed to clarify the impact and the involving mechanisms of LPA on LPS-incurred inflammation in macrophages. First, LPA appeared to attenuate LPS-induced protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 and iNOS genes, as well as production of PGE2 and NO. By using selective inhibitors targeting various signaling players, the inhibitory G protein alpha subunit (Gαi) seemed to be involved in the effect of LPA; p38, ERK and NF-κB were involved in the LPS-mediated COX-2/PGE2 pathway; and p38, JNK, phosphoinositide-3-kinase and NF-κB were involved in the LPS-mediated iNOS/NO pathway. LPA was able to diminish LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 and Akt, as well as NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. By utilization of inhibitors of COX-2 and iNOS, there appeared to be no modulation between the COX-2/PGE2 and the iNOS/NO signaling pathways. Our findings demonstrate a clear anti-inflammatory role of LPA acting via Gαi in LPS-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages, owing, at least in part, to its suppressive effect on LPS-induced activation of p38, Akt and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yuan Chien
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Han Chuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Hong Kao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lin Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pang M, Wang H, Bai JZ, Cao D, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Liu Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Xu J, Du Y. Recombinant rat CC16 protein inhibits LPS-induced MMP-9 expression via NF-κB pathway in rat tracheal epithelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1266-78. [PMID: 25716019 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215570202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clara cell protein (CC16) is a well-known anti-inflammatory protein secreted by the epithelial Clara cells of the airways. It is involved in the development of airway inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Previous studies suggest that CC16 gene transfer suppresses expression of interleukin (IL)-8 in bronchial epithelial cells. However, its role in the function of these cells during inflammation is not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the effect of CC16 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat tracheal epithelial cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. We generated recombinant rat CC16 protein (rCC16) which was bioactive in inhibiting the activity of phospholipase A2. rCC16 inhibited LPS-induced MMP-9 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent (0-2 µg/mL) manner, as demonstrated by real time RT-PCR, ELISA, and zymography assays. Gene transcription and DNA binding studies demonstrated that rCC16 suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation and its binding of gene promoters as identified by luciferase reporter and gel mobility shift assays, respectively. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining analyses further revealed that rCC16 concentration dependently inhibited the effects of LPS on nuclear increase and cytosol reduction of NF-κB, on the phosphorylation and reduction of NF-κB inhibitory IκBα, and on p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB activation by phosphorylation at Ser276 of its p65 subunit. These data indicate that inhibition of LPS-mediated NF-κB activation by rCC16 involves both translocation- and phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways. When the tracheal epithelial cells were pretreated with chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, cellular uptake of rCC16 and its inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and also MMP-9 production were significantly abolished. Taken together, our data suggest that clathrin-mediated uptake of rCC16 suppresses LPS-mediated inflammatory MMP-9 production through inactivation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in tracheal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pang
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Academy of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ji-Zhong Bai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Dawei Cao
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Caiping Zhang
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xinri Zhang
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jianying Xu
- Department of Respiration, Shanxi Da Yi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
| | - Yongcheng Du
- Department of Respiration, the Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China
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Sornkaew N, Lin Y, Wang F, Zhang G, Chokchaisiri R, Zhang A, Wongkrajang K, Suebsakwong P, Piyachaturawat P, Suksamrarn A. Diarylheptanoids of Curcuma comosa with Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophage RAW 264.7 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new diarylheptanoids, a 1.2:1 mixture of (3S)- and (3 R)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-(4 E,6 E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (1a and 1b), a racemic mixture of (3S)- and (3 R)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-7-phenyl-(4 E,6 E)-4,6-heptadiene (2a and 2b), a ca. 1:1 mixture of (3S)- and (3 R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-7-phenyl)-(4 E,6 E)-4,6-heptadiene (3a and 3b), 3-acetoxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-phenylheptan-5-ol (4), (3 R)-1-(4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-(6 E)-6-hepten-3,2′-epoxide (5), and thirteen known diarylheptanoids, 6-12, a 3:1 mixture of 13a and 13b, and 14-17, were isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma comosa from Sakon Nakhon, northeastern part of Thailand. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiinflammatory activities on the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and the diarylheptanoids 1a and 1b mixture and 14 exhibited potent inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilubon Sornkaew
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Yuan Lin
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | - Ailian Zhang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Kanjana Wongkrajang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Parichat Suebsakwong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Piyachaturawat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
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Zhang W, Mu H, Dong D, Wang D, Zhang A, Duan J. Alteration in immune responses toward N-deacetylation of hyaluronic acid. Glycobiology 2014; 24:1334-42. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Kiyama R, Zhu Y. DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling of estrogenic chemicals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2065-82. [PMID: 24399289 PMCID: PMC11113397 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We summarize updated information about DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling by focusing on its application to estrogenic chemicals. First, estrogenic chemicals, including natural/industrial estrogens and phytoestrogens, and the methods for detection and evaluation of estrogenic chemicals were overviewed along with a comprehensive list of estrogenic chemicals of natural or industrial origin. Second, gene expression profiling of chemicals using a focused microarray containing estrogen-responsive genes is summarized. Third, silent estrogens, a new type of estrogenic chemicals characterized by their estrogenic gene expression profiles without growth stimulative or inhibitory effects, have been identified so far exclusively by DNA microarray assay. Lastly, the prospect of a microarray assay is discussed, including issues such as commercialization, future directions of applications and quality control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Signaling Molecules Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan,
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Lin Y, Wang F, Yang LJ, Chun Z, Bao JK, Zhang GL. Anti-inflammatory phenanthrene derivatives from stems of Dendrobium denneanum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 95:242-51. [PMID: 24042064 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated Dendrobium denneanum has been substituted for other endangered Dendrobium species in recent years, but there have been few studies regarding either its chemical constituents or pharmacological effects. In this study, three phenanthrene glycosides, three 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes, two 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes glycosides, and four known phenanthrene derivatives, were isolated from the stems of D. denneanum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data. Ten compounds were found to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 0.7-41.5 μM, and exhibited no cytotoxicity in RAW264.7, HeLa, or HepG2 cells. Additionally, it was found that 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenanthrene 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 5-methoxy-2,4,7,9S-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene suppressed LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibited phosphorylation of p38, JNK as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and inhibitory kappa B-α (IκBα). This indicated that both compounds exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting MAPKs and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Hou Y, Lin H, Zhu L, Liu Z, Hu F, Shi J, Yang T, Shi X, Zhu M, Godley BF, Wang Q, Li Z, Zhao Y. Lipopolysaccharide Increases the Incidence of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice Through Induction of Protease HTRA-1 Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:2835-46. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | | | - Linnan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhaoting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Clinical Immunology Center and Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces; Beijing China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Institute of Biophysics and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | | | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Clinical Immunology Center and Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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Feng X, Miao G, Han Y, Xu Y. CARMA3 is overexpressed in human glioma and promotes cell invasion through MMP9 regulation in A172 cell line. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:149-54. [PMID: 23893382 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain-containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein 10 or CARMA3 (CARD10) is a recently characterized oncoprotein involved in the progression of several human malignancies. The present study aims to investigate the expression pattern and biological roles of CARMA3 protein in human glioma. CARMA3 expression was analyzed in 97 glioma specimens using immunohistochemistry. We observed negative staining in normal astrocytes and positive staining of CARMA3 in 25 out of 97 (25.8%) glioma samples. Overexpression of CARMA3 correlated with tumor grade (p < 0.001). Small interfering RNA knockdown was performed in A172 cell line with relatively high CARMA3 expression. Using colony formation assay and Matrigel invasion assay, we showed that CARMA3 depletion in A172 cell line inhibited cell proliferation and cell invasion. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) were downregulated, indicating CARMA3 might regulate invasion through MMP9. In conclusion, CARMA3 serves as an oncoprotein in human glioma by regulating cell invasion, possibly through MMP9 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China,
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ZHANG HONGWEI, CUI ZHONGYI, LUO GUANGWEI, ZHANG JIAHENG, MA TAO, HU NA, CUI TIANPEN. Ghrelin attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by activating the mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:851-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Shen YH, Zhang L, Ren P, Nguyen MT, Zou S, Wu D, Wang XL, Coselli JS, LeMaire SA. AKT2 confers protection against aortic aneurysms and dissections. Circ Res 2012; 112:618-32. [PMID: 23250987 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.300735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) are major diseases of the adult aorta caused by progressive medial degeneration of the aortic wall. Although the overproduction of destructive factors promotes tissue damage and disease progression, the role of protective pathways is unknown. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the role of AKT2 in protecting the aorta from developing AAD. METHODS AND RESULTS AKT2 and phospho-AKT levels were significantly downregulated in human thoracic AAD tissues, especially within the degenerative medial layer. Akt2-deficient mice showed abnormal elastic fibers and reduced medial thickness in the aortic wall. When challenged with angiotensin II, these mice developed aortic aneurysm, dissection, and rupture with features similar to those in humans, in both thoracic and abdominal segments. Aortas from Akt2-deficient mice displayed profound tissue destruction, apoptotic cell death, and inflammatory cell infiltration that were not observed in aortas from wild-type mice. In addition, angiotensin II-infused Akt2-deficient mice showed significantly elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). In cultured human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, AKT2 inhibited the expression of MMP-9 and stimulated the expression of TIMP-1 by preventing the binding of transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 to the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 promoters. CONCLUSIONS Impaired AKT2 signaling may contribute to increased susceptibility to the development of AAD. Our findings provide evidence of a mechanism that underlies the protective effects of AKT2 on the aortic wall and that may serve as a therapeutic target in the prevention of AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wu S, Hsu LA, Teng MS, Lin JF, Chang HH, Sun YC, Chen HP, Ko YL. Association of SELE genotypes/haplotypes with sE-selectin levels in Taiwanese individuals: interactive effect of MMP9 level. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012. [PMID: 23190470 PMCID: PMC3532335 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background E-selectin is implicated in various inflammatory processes and related disorders. We aimed to investigate the role of SELE-gene genotypes/haplotypes on plasma levels of MMP9 and sE-selectin in Taiwanese individuals. Methods Five hundred twenty individuals were enrolled. Seven tagging SELE single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed. Results SELE genotypes were found associated with MMP9 and sE-selectin levels. Multivariate analysis identified that the most significant genetic polymorphism (rs5368 genotype) was independently associated with MMP9 levels (P < 0.001). One haplotype (GGAGAGT) was marginally associated with MMP9 levels (P = 0.0490). One SELE SNP, (rs3917406, P = 0.031) was associated with sE-selectin levels after adjusting for MMP9 and sICAM1 levels. Subgroup and interaction analysis revealed association of SELE SNP rs10800469 with sE-selectin levels only in the highest quartile of MMP9 level (P = 0.002, interaction P = 0.023). Haplotype analysis showed one haplotype (AAAAAGC) borderline associated with sE-selectin level (P = 0.0511). Conclusion SELE genotypes/haplotypes are independently associated with MMP9 and E-selectin levels in Taiwanese individuals. The associations of SELE genotypes/haplotypes with sE-selectin levels are affected by MMP9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jung Y, Byeon SE, Yoo DS, Lee YG, Yu T, Yang Y, Kim JH, Kim E, Jeong D, Rhee MH, Choung ES, Hong S, Cho JY. 8-(Tosylamino)quinoline inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1037-46. [PMID: 22796759 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The macrophage-mediated inflammatory response may contribute to the development of cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis and septic shock. This study was to characterize several new compounds to suppress macrophage-mediated inflammation. METHODS Peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 male mice and RAW264.7 cells were examined. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in the cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity were investigated via measuring transcription factor activation in response to specific signals and via assaying the activities of the target kinases. RESULTS Of 7 candidate compounds tested, 8-(tosylamino)quinoline (8-TQ, compound 7) exhibited the strongest activities in suppressing the production of NO, TNF-α, and PGE(2) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages (the IC(50) values=1-5 μmol/L). This compound (1.25-20 μmol/L) dose-dependently suppressed the expression of the pro-inflammatory genes for iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and the cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 at the level of transcription in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. 8-TQ (20 μmol/L) significantly suppressed the activation of NF-κB and its upstream signaling elements, including inhibitor of κB (IκBα), IκBα kinase (IKK) and Akt in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. In in vivo experiments, oral administration of 20 and 40 mg/kg 8-TQ for 3 d significantly alleviated the signs of LPS-induced hepatitis and HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis, respectively, in ICR mice. CONCLUSION 8-TQ (compound 7) exerts significant anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of the Akt/NF-κB pathway, thus may be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory drug.
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Ban K, Kozar RA. Protective role of p70S6K in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41584. [PMID: 22848534 PMCID: PMC3407246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, survival and in directing immune responses. As the intestinal epithelium displays rapid cell growth and differentiation and is an important immune regulatory organ, we hypothesized that mTOR may play an important role in the protection against intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which the mTOR pathway is altered by intestinal I/R, p70S6K, the major effector of the mTOR pathway, was investigated along with the effects of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR and an immunosuppressant agent used clinically in transplant patients. In vitro experiments using an intestinal epithelial cell line and hypoxia/reoxygenation demonstrated that overexpression of p70S6K promoted cell growth and migration, and decreased cell apoptosis. Inhibition of p70S6K by rapamycin reversed these protective effects. In a mouse model of gut I/R, an increase of p70S6K activity was found by 5 min and remained elevated after 6 h of reperfusion. Inhibition of p70S6K by rapamycin worsened gut injury, promoted inflammation, and enhanced intestinal permeability. Importantly, rapamycin treated animals had a significantly increased mortality. These novel results demonstrate a key role of p70S6K in protection against I/R injury in the intestine and suggest a potential danger in using mTOR inhibitors in patients at risk for gut hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechen Ban
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
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Su HC, Ma CT, Yu BC, Chien YC, Tsai CC, Huang WC, Lin CF, Chuang YH, Young KC, Wang JN, Tsao CW. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β regulates anti-inflammatory property of fluoxetine. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:150-6. [PMID: 22749848 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine not only is widely used in the treatment of depression but also has an anti-inflammatory property. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β) is a vital factor in the inflammation process. How fluoxetine interferes with inflammation via a GSK-3β-dependent pathway remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of fluoxetine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Results showed that fluoxetine decreased mortality rate of the mice. It also inhibited LPS-induced release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in serum and RAW264.7 murine macrophages and expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Upon LPS stimulation, fluoxetine caused a delay but increased in the phosphorylated levels of GSK-3β (ser9), whereas it did not affect LPS-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Fluoxetine in combination with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/Akt inhibitors (LY294002 and Wortmannin) did not have a synergistic inhibition on LPS-induced NO release and PGE2 production. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9622 showed no reverse effects of this inhibition of fluoxetine. GSK-3β knockdown blocked the inhibitory effects of fluoxetine on LPS-induced iNOS/NO release and COX-2/PGE2 production. These results indicated that GSK-3β regulated anti-inflammatory property of fluoxetine. However, Akt activation, ROS generation, and altered PPARγ activity were not involved in this inhibition of fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Thaliporphine preserves cardiac function of endotoxemic rabbits by both directly and indirectly attenuating NFκB signaling pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39174. [PMID: 22761733 PMCID: PMC3382609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac depression in sepsis is associated with the increased morbidity and mortality. Although myofilaments damage, autonomic dysfunction, and apoptosis play roles in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, the underlying mechanism is not clear. All of these possible factors are related to NFκB signaling, which plays the main role in sepsis signaling. Thaliporphine was determined to possess anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activity by suppressing NFκB signaling in rodents. The purpose of this study is to further prove this protective effect in larger septic animals, and try to find the underlying mechanisms. The systolic and diastolic functions were evaluated in vivo by pressure-volume analysis at different preloads. Both preload-dependent and -independent hemodynamic parameters were performed. Inflammatory factors of whole blood and serum samples were analyzed. Several sepsis-related signaling pathways were also determined at protein level. Changes detected by conductance catheter showed Thaliporphine could recover impaired left ventricular systolic function after 4 hours LPS injection. It could also reverse the LPS induced steeper EDPVR and gentler ESPVR, thus improve Ees, Ea, and PRSW. Thaliporphine may exert this protective effect by decreasing TNFα and caspase3 dependent cell apoptosis, which was consistent with the decreased serum cTnI and LDH concentration. Thaliporphine could protect sepsis-associated myocardial dysfunction in both preload-dependent and -independent ways. It may exert these protective effects by both increase of "good"-PI3K/Akt/mTOR and decrease of "bad"-p38/NFκB pathways, which followed by diminishing TNFα and caspase3 dependent cell apoptosis.
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BAY 11-7082 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity against multiple targets. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:416036. [PMID: 22745523 PMCID: PMC3382285 DOI: 10.1155/2012/416036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BAY 11-7082 (BAY) is an inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) that has pharmacological activities that include anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, BAY-pharmacological target pathways were further characterized to determine how this compound simultaneously suppresses various responses. Primary and cancerous (RAW264.7 cells) macrophages were activated by lipopolysaccharide, a ligand of toll-like receptor 4. As reported previously, BAY strongly suppressed the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor-α and reduced the translocation of p65, major subunit of nuclear factor-κB, and its upstream signaling events such as phosphorylation of IκBα, IKK, and Akt. In addition, BAY also suppressed the translocation and activation of activator protein-1, interferon regulatory factor-3, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation or activation of extracellular signal-related kinase, p38, TANK-binding protein, and Janus kinase-2. These data strongly suggest that BAY is an inhibitor with multiple targets and could serve as a lead compound in developing strong anti-inflammatory drugs with multiple targets in inflammatory responses.
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Homocysteine enhances MMP-9 production in murine macrophages via ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 260:89-94. [PMID: 22326992 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) at elevated levels is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Hcy on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in murine macrophages. Among the MMP known to regulate the activities of collagenase and gelatinase, Hcy exclusively increased the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 in J774A.1 cells as well as in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, this activity was found to be correlated with Western blot findings in J774A.1 cells, which showed that MMP-9 expression was concentration- and time-dependently increased by Hcy. Inhibition of the ERK and Akt pathways led to a significant decrease in Hcy-induced MMP-9 expression, and combined treatment with inhibitors of the ERK and Akt pathways showed an additive effects. Activity assays for ERK and Akt showed that Hcy increased the phosphorylation of both, but these phosphorylation were not affected by inhibitors of the Akt and ERK pathways. In line with these findings, the molecular inhibition of ERK and Akt using siRNA did not affect the Hcy-induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that Hcy enhances MMP-9 production in murine macrophages by separately activating the ERK and Akt signaling pathways.
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Liu P, Wilson MJ. miR-520c and miR-373 upregulate MMP9 expression by targeting mTOR and SIRT1, and activate the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk signaling pathway and NF-κB factor in human fibrosarcoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:867-76. [PMID: 21898400 PMCID: PMC3225649 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA 520c and 373 (miR-520c and miR-373) have been characterized as oncogenes and play critical roles in cancer cell metastasis. However, the relationship between these two microRNAs and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are important in cancer cell metastasis, remains unknown. Here, we report new evidence in which miR-520c and miR-373 effects in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells are associated with MMP9 activity, and this upregulation of MMP9 is not only at the activity and protein levels, but also at that of its mRNA. Our experimental data demonstrate that these effects occur not by direct binding to the MMP9 promoter, but by miR-520c and miR-373 directly targeting the 3'-untranslational region (UTR) of mRNAs of mTOR and SIRT1 (negative regulators of expression of MMP9 via inactivating the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk signaling pathway and transcription factor NF-κB activity); and thus suppressing translation levels of SIRT1 and mTOR. Moreover, inhibition of key kinases of the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk signaling pathway and Western blots for selected proteins further identified miR-520c and miR-373 as activating this signaling pathway and NF-κB. In conclusion, miR-520c and miR-373 increased the expression of MMP9 by directly targeting the 3'-UTRs of mRNAs of mTOR and SIRT1 and suppressing their translation; resulting in activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk signaling pathway and NF-κB; and, finally, increasing the mRNA, protein, and activity of MMP9 and enhancing cell migration and cell growth in 3D type I collagen gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael J. Wilson
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Departments of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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Enhanced anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol and EPA in treated endotoxin-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:1562-73. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511007057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in immunogenic challenges by producing reactive oxygen species, NO and proinflammatory cytokines that can aggravate and propagate local inflammation. Multiple mechanisms regulate these inflammatory processes. NF-κB and activator protein 1 pathways are crucial in the expression of proinflammatory genes, such as TNF-α, IL-1 (α or β) and -6. Some polyphenols, which are present in beverages, vegetables and fruits, and PUFA, which are present in marine oils and fish food, possess anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. Our aim in the present study was to assess whether polyphenols and PUFA have synergistic anti-inflammatory effects in murine macrophages in vitro. Inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages was induced by lipopolysaccharide at 100 ng/ml. The treatments with molecules were performed by co-incubation for 19 h. A NO production assay by Griess reaction, a phosphoprotein assay by Pathscan ELISA kit and gene expression analysis using the TaqMan® Low-density Array for ninety-one genes related to inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolism were performed to assess the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate and resveratrol (Res; 2·5 μg/ml), and the PUFA, DHA and EPA (30 μm). Adding Res+EPA had an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect, in comparison with EPA and Res alone, leading to decreased NO levels; modulating the phospho-stress activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase (P-SAPK/JNK) level; down-regulating proinflammatory genes, such as IL, chemokines, transcription factors; and up-regulating several antioxidant genes. Therefore, this combination has a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than either of these molecules separately in RAW macrophages.
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Huang W, András IE, Rha GB, Hennig B, Toborek M. PPARα and PPARγ protect against HIV-1-induced MMP-9 overexpression via caveolae-associated ERK and Akt signaling. FASEB J 2011; 25:3979-88. [PMID: 21840940 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-188607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is involved in HIV-1-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the present study, we hypothesize that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α or PPARγ can protect against HIV-1-induced MMP-9 overexpression in brain endothelial cells (hCMEC cell line) by attenuating cellular oxidative stress and down-regulation of caveolae-associated redox signaling. Exposure to HIV-1-infected monocytes induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in hCMEC by 2.5- and 3.6-fold, respectively; however, these effects were attenuated by overexpression of PPARα or PPARγ and by silencing of caveolin-1 (cav-1). Coculture of hCMEC with HIV-1-infected monocytes significantly induced MMP-9 promoter and enzyme activity by 3- to 3.5-fold. Promoter mutation studies indicated that SP-1 (g1940t_g1941t) is an essential transcription factor involved in induction of MMP-9 promoter by HIV-1. In addition, HIV-1-stimulated activity of MMP-9 promoter was inhibited by mutation of AP-1 site 2 (c1918t_a1919g) and both (but not individual) NF-κB binding sites (g1389c and g1664c). PPAR overexpression, ERK1/2 or Akt inhibition, and silencing of cav-1 all effectively protected against HIV-1-induced MMP-9 promoter activity, indicating a close relationship among HIV-1-induced cerebrovascular toxicity, redox-regulated mechanisms, and functional caveolae. Such a link was further confirmed in MMP-9-deficient mice exposed to PPARα or PPARγ agonist and injected with the HIV-1-specific protein Tat into cerebral vasculature. Overall, our results indicate that ERK1/2, Akt, and cav-1 are involved in the regulatory mechanisms of PPAR-mediated protection against HIV-1-induced MMP-9 expression in brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Molecular Neuroscience and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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von Knethen A, Neb H, Morbitzer V, Schmidt MV, Kuhn AM, Kuchler L, Brüne B. PPARγ stabilizes HO-1 mRNA in monocytes/macrophages which affects IFN-β expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:396-405. [PMID: 21571064 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase activation in either RAW264.7 cells or peritoneal macrophages (PM) derived from PPARγ wild-type mice increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, caused PPARγ activation, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction, and concomitant IFN-β expression. In macrophages transduced with a dominant negative (d/n) mutant of PPARγ (RAW264.7 AF2) as well as PPARγ negative PM derived from Mac-PPARγ-KO mice, NADPH oxidase-dependent IFN-β expression was attenuated. As the underlying mechanism, we noted decreased HO-1 mRNA stability in RAW264.7 AF2 cells as well as PPARγ negative PM, compared to either parent RAW264.7 cells or wild-type PM. Assuming mRNA stabilization of HO-1 by PPARγ we transfected macrophages with a HO-1 3'-UTR reporter construct. The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone significantly up-regulated luciferase expression in RAW264.7 cells, while it remained unaltered in RAW264.7 AF2 macrophages. Deletion of each of two AU-rich elements in the 3'-UTR HO-1 decreased luciferase activity in RAW264.7 cells. Using LPS as a NADPH oxidase activator, PM from Mac-PPARγ-KO mice showed a decreased HO-1 mRNA half-life in vitro and in vivo compared to PPARγ wild-type mice. These data identified a so far unappreciated role of PPARγ in stabilizing HO-1 mRNA, thus, contributing to the expression of the HO-1 target gene IFN-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas von Knethen
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Germany.
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Biosynthesis of promatrix metalloproteinase-9/chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan heteromer involves a Rottlerin-sensitive pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20616. [PMID: 21673806 PMCID: PMC3105995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously we have shown that a fraction of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) synthesized by the macrophage cell line THP-1 was bound to a chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) core protein as a reduction sensitive heteromer. Several biochemical properties of the enzyme were changed when it was bound to the CSPG. Methodology/Principal Findings By use of affinity chromatography, zymography, and radioactive labelling, various macrophage stimulators were tested for their effect on the synthesis of the proMMP-9/CSPG heteromer and its components by THP-1 cells. Of the stimulators, only PMA largely increased the biosynthesis of the heteromer. As PMA is an activator of PKC, we determined which PKC isoenzymes were expressed by performing RT-PCR and Western Blotting. Subsequently specific inhibitors were used to investigate their involvement in the biosynthesis of the heteromer. Of the inhibitors, only Rottlerin repressed the biosynthesis of proMMP-9/CSPG and its two components. Much lower concentrations of Rottlerin were needed to reduce the amount of CSPG than what was needed to repress the synthesis of the heteromer and MMP-9. Furthermore, Rottlerin caused a minor reduction in the activation of the PKC isoenzymes δ, ε, θ and υ (PKD3) in both control and PMA exposed cells. Conclusions/Significance The biosynthesis of the proMMP-9/CSPG heteromer and proMMP-9 in THP-1 cells involves a Rottlerin-sensitive pathway that is different from the Rottlerin sensitive pathway involved in the CSPG biosynthesis. MMP-9 and CSPGs are known to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Formation of complexes may influence both the specificity and localization of the enzyme. Therefore, knowledge about biosynthetic pathways and factors involved in the formation of the MMP-9/CSPG heteromer may contribute to insight in the heteromers biological function as well as pointing to future targets for therapeutic agents.
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Anti-inflammatory activity of Angelica dahurica ethanolic extract on RAW264.7 cells via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1047-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chitosan oligosaccharides inhibit LPS-induced over-expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 macrophage cells through blockade of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liao Q, Shi DH, Zheng W, Xu XJ, Yu YH. Antiproliferation of cardamonin is involved in mTOR on aortic smooth muscle cells in high fructose-induced insulin resistance rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 641:179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Brown J, Wallet MA, Krastins B, Sarracino D, Goodenow MM. Proteome bioprofiles distinguish between M1 priming and activation states in human macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 87:655-62. [PMID: 20007246 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0809570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is a dynamic process that results in diverse functional outcomes ranging from immunoregulation to inflammation. The proinflammatory, or M1, response is a complex, bimodal progression composed of a "prime," classically through IFN-gamma, and "trigger," such as LPS. To characterize the physiological response of M1 activation, a systems biology approach was applied to determine the intracellular proteome bioprofiles of IFN-gamma-and LPS-treated primary human macrophages. Our goal was to develop intracellular proteomic fingerprints to serve as novel correlates of macrophage priming and/or activation to augment the existing approaches of analyzing secreted cytokines and cell-surface protein expression. The majority of the proteome, approximately 78%, remained stable during activation, representing the core proteome. In contrast, three distinct patterns defined response proteomes: IFN-gamma-specific, LPS-specific, or IFN-gamma- and LPS-shared or M1-specific. Although steady-state expression levels of proteins involved in energy metabolism and immune response were increased during priming and triggering, changes in protein and fatty acid metabolism, signaling, and transport pathways were most apparent. Unique proteomic fingerprints distinguish among IFN-gamma-specific, LPS-specific, or M1-specific activation states and provide a clear molecular, archeological profile to infer recent history of cells, as well as correlates for chronic macrophage activation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Brown
- Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-3633, USA
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Tan B, Yin Y, Kong X, Li P, Li X, Gao H, Li X, Huang R, Wu G. L-Arginine stimulates proliferation and prevents endotoxin-induced death of intestinal cells. Amino Acids 2010; 38:1227-35. [PMID: 19669080 PMCID: PMC2850530 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that L-arginine (Arg) may stimulate cell proliferation and prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced death of intestinal cells. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1) were cultured for 4 days in Arg-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's-F12 Ham medium (DMEM-F12) containing 10, 100 or 350 microM Arg and 0 or 20 ng/ml LPS. Cell numbers, protein concentrations, protein synthesis and degradation, as well as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways were determined. Without LPS, IPEC-1 cells exhibited time- and Arg-dependent growth curves. LPS treatment increased cell death and reduced protein concentrations in IPEC-1 cells. Addition of 100 and 350 microM Arg to culture medium dose-dependently attenuated LPS-induced cell death and reduction of protein concentrations, in comparison with the basal medium containing 10 microM Arg. Furthermore, supplementation of 100 and 350 microM Arg increased protein synthesis and reduced protein degradation in both control and LPS-treated IPEC-1 cells. Consistent with the data on cell growth and protein turnover, addition of 100 or 350 microM Arg to culture medium increased relative protein levels for phosphorylated mTOR and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1, while reducing the relative levels of TLR4 and phosphorylated levels of nuclear factor-kappaB in LPS-treated IPEC-1 cells. These results demonstrate a protective effect of Arg against LPS-induced enterocyte damage through mechanisms involving mTOR and TLR4 signaling pathways, as well as intracellular protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bie Tan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125 Hunan, China
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125 Hunan, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125 Hunan, China
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Xilong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Haijun Gao
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Xinguo Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, 410131 Hunan, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125 Hunan, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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Jennewein C, von Knethen A, Schmid T, Brüne B. MicroRNA-27b contributes to lipopolysaccharide-mediated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) mRNA destabilization. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:11846-53. [PMID: 20164187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.066399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) gained considerable interest as a therapeutic target during chronic inflammatory diseases. Remarkably, the pathogenesis of diseases such as multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer is associated with impaired PPARgamma expression. Considering that regulation of PPARgamma expression during inflammation is largely unknown, we were interested in elucidating underlying mechanisms. To this end, we initiated an inflammatory response by exposing primary human macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and observed a rapid decline of PPARgamma1 expression. Because promoter activities were not affected by LPS, we focused on mRNA stability and noticed a decreased mRNA half-life. As RNA stability is often regulated via 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs), we analyzed the impact of the PPARgamma-3'-UTR by reporter assays using specific constructs. LPS significantly reduced luciferase activity of the pGL3-PPARgamma-3'-UTR, suggesting that PPARgamma1 mRNA is destabilized. Deletion or mutation of a potential microRNA-27a/b (miR-27a/b) binding site within the 3'-UTR restored luciferase activity. Moreover, inhibition of miR-27b, which was induced upon LPS exposure, partially reversed PPARgamma1 mRNA decay, whereas miR-27b overexpression decreased PPARgamma1 mRNA content. In addition, LPS further reduced this decay. The functional relevance of miR-27b-dependent PPARgamma1 decrease was proven by inhibition or overexpression of miR-27b, which affected LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin (IL)-6. We provide evidence that LPS-induced miR-27b contributes to destabilization of PPARgamma1 mRNA. Understanding molecular mechanisms decreasing PPARgamma might help to better appreciate inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Jennewein
- Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
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Oda T, Lee JS, Sato Y, Kabe Y, Sakamoto S, Handa H, Mangindaan REP, Namikoshi M. Inhibitory effect of N,N-didesmethylgrossularine-1 on inflammatory cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Mar Drugs 2009; 7:589-99. [PMID: 20098600 PMCID: PMC2810236 DOI: 10.3390/md7040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-Didesmethylgrossularine-1 (DDMG-1), a compound with a rare alpha-carboline structure, was isolated from an Indonesian ascidian Polycarpa aurata as responsible for the observed inhibitory activity against TNF-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. DDMG-1 inhibited the mRNA level of mTNF-alpha, IkappaB-alpha degradation, and binding of NF-kappaB to the target DNA site in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, DDMG-1 had an inhibitory effect on the production of IL-8, which is produced in CD14(+)-THP-1 cells stimulated by LPS. DDMG-1 is thus a promising drug candidate lead compound for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiko Oda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University/Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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