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El Baba R, Herbein G. EZH2-Myc Hallmark in Oncovirus/Cytomegalovirus Infections and Cytomegalovirus' Resemblance to Oncoviruses. Cells 2024; 13:541. [PMID: 38534385 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15-20% of global cancer cases are attributed to virus infections. Oncoviruses employ various molecular strategies to enhance replication and persistence. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), acting as an initiator or promoter, enables immune evasion, supporting tumor growth. HCMV activates pro-oncogenic pathways within infected cells and direct cellular transformation. Thus, HCMV demonstrates characteristics reminiscent of oncoviruses. Cumulative evidence emphasizes the crucial roles of EZH2 and Myc in oncogenesis and stemness. EZH2 and Myc, pivotal regulators of cellular processes, gain significance in the context of oncoviruses and HCMV infections. This axis becomes a central focus for comprehending the mechanisms driving virus-induced oncogenesis. Elevated EZH2 expression is evident in various cancers, making it a prospective target for cancer therapy. On the other hand, Myc, deregulated in over 50% of human cancers, serves as a potent transcription factor governing cellular processes and contributing to tumorigenesis; Myc activates EZH2 expression and induces global gene expression. The Myc/EZH2 axis plays a critical role in promoting tumor growth in oncoviruses. Considering that HCMV has been shown to manipulate the Myc/EZH2 axis, there is emerging evidence suggesting that HCMV could be regarded as a potential oncovirus due to its ability to exploit this critical pathway implicated in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim El Baba
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UFC, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UFC, 25000 Besançon, France
- Department of Virology, CHU Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
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2
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Sartorius K, Sartorius B, Winkler C, Chuturgoon A, Shen TW, Zhao Y, An P. Serum microRNA Profiles and Pathways in Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A South African Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:975. [PMID: 38256049 PMCID: PMC10815595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to increase sharply by 2040 against a backdrop of limited diagnostic and therapeutic options. Two large South African-based case control studies have developed a serum-based miRNome for Hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC), as well as identifying their gene targets and pathways. Using a combination of RNA sequencing, differential analysis and filters including a unique molecular index count (UMI) ≥ 10 and log fold change (LFC) range > 2: <-0.5 (p < 0.05), 91 dysregulated miRNAs were characterized including 30 that were upregulated and 61 were downregulated. KEGG analysis, a literature review and other bioinformatic tools identified the targeted genes and HBV-HCC pathways of the top 10 most dysregulated miRNAs. The results, which are based on differentiating miRNA expression of cases versus controls, also develop a serum-based miRNA diagnostic panel that indicates 95.9% sensitivity, 91.0% specificity and a Youden Index of 0.869. In conclusion, the results develop a comprehensive African HBV-HCC miRNome that potentially can contribute to RNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Sartorius
- Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
- Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium (AHPBCC), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Benn Sartorius
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Cheryl Winkler
- Centre for Cancer Research, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Natifol Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
| | - Tsai-Wei Shen
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Ping An
- Centre for Cancer Research, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Natifol Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
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3
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Jouve M, Carpentier R, Kraiem S, Legrand N, Sobolewski C. MiRNAs in Alcohol-Related Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Step toward New Therapeutic Approaches? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5557. [PMID: 38067261 PMCID: PMC10705678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related Liver Disease (ALD) is the primary cause of chronic liver disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in developed countries and thus represents a major public health concern. Unfortunately, few therapeutic options are available for ALD and HCC, except liver transplantation or tumor resection for HCC. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of these diseases is therefore of major importance to identify early biomarkers and to design efficient therapeutic options. Increasing evidence indicate that epigenetic alterations play a central role in the development of ALD and HCC. Among them, microRNA importantly contribute to the development of this disease by controlling the expression of several genes involved in hepatic metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about miRNAs' functions in the different stages of ALD and their role in the progression toward carcinogenesis. We highlight that each stage of ALD is associated with deregulated miRNAs involved in hepatic carcinogenesis, and thus represent HCC-priming miRNAs. By using in silico approaches, we have uncovered new miRNAs potentially involved in HCC. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNAs for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Jouve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rodolphe Carpentier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sarra Kraiem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Noémie Legrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
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4
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Wang Z, Li N, Cai P, Zhang C, Cao G, Yin J. Mechanism of HBx carcinogenesis interaction with non-coding RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1249198. [PMID: 37746253 PMCID: PMC10517716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1249198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an extremely malignant tumor that affects individuals throughout the world. One of the main causes of HCC is hepatitis B virus (HBV). Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying HBV carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that the HBV X protein (HBx), which is encoded by HBV, plays a significant role in cell apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle regulation. This ultimately leads to the development of HCC. Additionally, recent studies have shown that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) also contributes to the carcinogenesis and pathogenesis of different of tumors. ncRNA plays a significant role in the formation of HCC by regulating the inflammatory signaling pathway, activating immune cells, and modifying epigenetics. However, it remains unclear whether ncRNA is involved in the regulation of the carcinogenic mechanisms of HBx. This article reviews the carcinogenic mechanism of HBx and its interaction with ncRNA, providing a novel strategy for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery I (Ward I), Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery I (Ward I), Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunzhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery I (Ward I), Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Zhang MH, Yuan YF, Liu LJ, Wei YX, Yin WY, Zheng LZY, Tang YY, Lv Z, Zhu F. Dysregulated microRNAs as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4706-4735. [PMID: 37664153 PMCID: PMC10473924 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i31.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence and development. Early detection of HBV-associated HCC (HBV-HCC) can improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Biomarkers are extremely helpful, not only for early diagnosis, but also for the development of therapeutics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a subset of non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length, have increasingly attracted scientists' attention due to their potential utility as biomarkers for cancer detection and therapy. HBV profoundly impacts the expression of miRNAs potentially involved in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current progress on the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HBV-HCC. From a molecular standpoint, we discuss the mechanism by which HBV regulates miRNAs and investigate the exact effect of miRNAs on the promotion of HCC. In the near future, miRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications will make their way into the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-He Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wan-Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lan-Zhuo-Yin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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6
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Uppala SN, Tryphena KP, Naren P, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Involvement of miRNA on Epigenetics landscape of Parkinson's disease: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Mech Ageing Dev 2023:111826. [PMID: 37268278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutics for the effective management of Parkinson's disease (PD) is undertaken seriously by the scientific community as the burden of PD continues to increase. Several molecular pathways are being explored to identify novel therapeutic targets. Epigenetics is strongly implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including PD. Several epigenetic mechanisms were found to dysregulated in various studies. These mechanisms are regulated by several miRNAs which are associated with a variety of pathogenic mechanisms in PD. This concept is extensively investigated in several cancers but not well documented in PD. Identifying the miRNAs with dual role i.e., regulation of epigenetic mechanisms as well as modulation of proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of PD could pave way for the development of novel therapeutics to target them. These miRNAs could also serve as potential biomarkers and can be useful in the early diagnosis or assessment of disease severity. In this article we would like to discuss about various epigenetic changes operating in PD and how miRNAs are involved in the regulation of these mechanisms and their potential to be novel therapeutic targets in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Nikhil Uppala
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037
| | - Padmashri Naren
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037.
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7
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Tümen D, Heumann P, Gülow K, Demirci CN, Cosma LS, Müller M, Kandulski A. Pathogenesis and Current Treatment Strategies of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3202. [PMID: 36551958 PMCID: PMC9775527 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent liver cancer with high lethality and low five-year survival rates leading to a substantial worldwide burden for healthcare systems. HCC initiation and progression are favored by different etiological risk factors including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, non-/and alcoholic fatty liver disease (N/AFLD), and tobacco smoking. In molecular pathogenesis, endogenous alteration in genetics (TP53, TERT, CTNNB1, etc.), epigenetics (DNA-methylation, miRNA, lncRNA, etc.), and dysregulation of key signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, etc.) strongly contribute to the development of HCC. The multitude and complexity of different pathomechanisms also reflect the difficulties in tailored medical therapy of HCC. Treatment options for HCC are strictly dependent on tumor staging and liver function, which are structured by the updated Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification system. Surgical resection, local ablative techniques, and liver transplantation are valid and curative therapeutic options for early tumor stages. For multifocal and metastatic diseases, systemic therapy is recommended. While Sorafenib had been the standalone HCC first-line therapy for decades, recent developments had led to the approval of new treatment options as first-line as well as second-line treatment. Anti-PD-L1 directed combination therapies either with anti-VEGF directed agents or with anti-CTLA-4 active substances have been implemented as the new treatment standard in the first-line setting. However, data from clinical trials indicate different responses on specific therapeutic regimens depending on the underlying pathogenesis of hepatocellular cancer. Therefore, histopathological examinations have been re-emphasized by current international clinical guidelines in addition to the standardized radiological diagnosis using contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging. In this review, we emphasize the current knowledge on molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. On this occasion, the treatment sequences for early and advanced tumor stages according to the recently updated Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification system and the current algorithm of systemic therapy (first-, second-, and third-line treatment) are summarized. Furthermore, we discuss novel precautional and pre-therapeutic approaches including therapeutic vaccination, adoptive cell transfer, locoregional therapy enhancement, and non-coding RNA-based therapy as promising treatment options. These novel treatments may prolong overall survival rates in regard with quality of life and liver function as mainstay of HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arne Kandulski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases University Hospital Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Liu N, Yang C, Gao A, Sun M, Lv D. MiR-101: An Important Regulator of Gene Expression and Tumor Ecosystem. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235861. [PMID: 36497343 PMCID: PMC9739992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs. MiRNA contributes to the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA in different cell types, including mRNA transcription inhibition and mRNA decay and phenotypes via the effect of several essential oncogenic processes and tumor microenvironment. MiR-101 is a highly conserved miRNA that was found to alter the expression in various human cancers. MiR-101 has been reported to have tumor oncogenic and suppressive effects to regulate tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the new findings about the roles of miR-101 in cancers and the underlying mechanisms of targeting genes degradation and microenvironment regulation, which will improve biological understanding and design of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Meili Sun
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Deguan Lv
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (D.L.)
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9
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Khan S, Zhang DY, Zhang JY, Hayat MK, Ren J, Nasir S, Fawad M, Bai Q. The Key Role of microRNAs in Initiation and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:950374. [PMID: 35924150 PMCID: PMC9341471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.950374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type of primary liver malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression mainly on post-transcriptional level has a confirmed and important role in numerous biological process. By regulating specific target genes, miRNA can act as oncogene or tumor suppressor. Recent evidence has indicated that the deregulation of miR-NAs is closely associated with the clinical pathological features of HCC. However, the precise regulatory mechanism of each miRNA and its targets in HCC has yet to be illuminated. This study demonstrates that both oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNAs are crucial in the formation and development of HCC. miRNAs influence biological behavior including proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis by targeting critical genes. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the expression profile and function of miRNAs in HCC and discuss the potential for miRNA-based therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - De-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mian Khizar Hayat
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adopations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingli Ren
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, Henan Academy of Big Data, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Safyan Nasir
- Allied District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, Henan Academy of Big Data, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Fawad, ; Qian Bai,
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Fawad, ; Qian Bai,
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10
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Methylation Status of Gene Bodies of Selected microRNA Genes Associated with Neoplastic Transformation in Equine Sarcoids. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121917. [PMID: 35741046 PMCID: PMC9221590 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses are of great importance in recreation, livestock production, as working animals in poorly developed countries, and for equine-assisted therapy. Equine sarcoids belong to the most commonly diagnosed tumors in this species. They may cause discomfort, pain, and can lead to the permanent impairment of motor function. The molecular bases of their formation are still under investigation. Our previous studies revealed altered microRNA (miRNA) expression and DNA methylation levels in sarcoid tumors. Abnormal patterns of methylation may be responsible for changes in gene expression levels, including microRNAs. Recently, the DNA methylation of gene bodies has also been shown to have an impact on gene expression. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the methylation pattern of gene bodies of chosen miRNAs identified in sarcoid tissue (miR-101, miR-10b, miR-200a, and miR-338-3p), which have also been established to play roles in neoplastic transformation. To this end, we applied qRT-PCR, Bisulfite Sequencing PCR (BSP), and Mquant methods. As a result, we identified the statistically significant downregulation of pri-mir-101-1, pri-mir-10b, and pri-mir-200a in the sarcoid samples in comparison to the control. The DNA methylation analysis revealed their hypermethylation. This suggests that DNA methylation may be one mechanism responsible for the downregulation of theses miRNAs. However, the identified differences in the methylation levels are not very high, which implies that other mechanisms may also underlie the downregulation of the expression of these miRNAs in equine sarcoids. For the first time, the results obtained shed light on microRNA expression regulation by gene body methylation in equine sarcoids and provide bases for further deeper studies on other mechanisms influencing the miRNA repertoire.
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11
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Bhardwaj U, Singh SK. Zika Virus NS1 Suppresses VE-Cadherin and Claudin-5 via hsa-miR-101-3p in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6290-6303. [PMID: 34487317 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic virus that causes microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. ZIKV is known to transmigrate through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by utilizing different strategies. NS1 is a conserved flavivirus protein, which is secreted extracellularly. ZIKV-NS1 has been shown to target adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) to disrupt the endothelial barrier integrity. The microRNAs are short non-coding RNAs, which post-transcriptionally regulate the gene expression by binding to 3' UTR of the target gene. In the present study, we studied the ZIKV-NS1-mediated effect through hsa-miR-101-3p on the junctional barrier integrity in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. We exposed hBMVECs and hCMEC/D3 cells with ZIKV-NS1 at different time points (12 h and 24 h) with the doses 500 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL. The change in the expression of VE-cadherin and claudin-5 was quantified using immunoblotting. The expression of the hsa-miR-101-3p was quantified using qRT-PCR. To prove the targeting of hsa-miR-101-3p to VE-cadherin, we transfected hsa-miR-101-3p mimic, scramble, hsa-miR-101-3p inhibitor, and Cy3 in the ZIKV-NS1-exposed hCMEC/D3 cells. The distribution and expression of the VE-cadherin and claudin-5 were observed using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. The ZIKV-NS1 compromises the endothelial barrier integrity by disrupting the VE-cadherin and claudin-5 protein expression via hsa-miR-101-3p. The findings of this study suggest that ZIKV-NS1 dysregulates the adherens junction and tight junction proteins through hsa-miR-101-3p, which compromises the barrier integrity of human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Bhardwaj
- Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunit K Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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12
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Yu X, Ye Z, Hou L, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wu R, Huang F, Wang G, Geng X, Zhao H. Hepatitis B virus x gene-downregulated growth-arrest specific 5 inhibits the cell viability and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by activating Y-box-binding protein 1/p21 signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:179-190. [PMID: 34535871 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA growth-arrest specific 5 (GAS5) is a suppressor of many cancers. However, the role and mechanism of action of GAS5 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, the expression of hepatitis B virus x gene (HBx) mRNA and GAS5 was assessed by qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression levels. In addition, the cell viability and invasion of cells were confirmed using MTT assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The DNA methylation level of GAS5 was measured by methylation-specific PCR. Moreover, RIP assay and RNA pull down assay were carried out to examine the combination of Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) and GAS5. First, our data proved that HBx is increased, while GAS5 is decreased in HCC cell lines. Subsequently, we found that HBx facilitates HCC cell viability and invasion by inhibiting GAS5 expression. Then, we further clarified that HBx induces the DNA methylation of GAS5 by promoting methyltransferase expression, thereby suppressing GAS5 expression. Furthermore, GAS5 binds YBX1 and promotes YBX1 and p21 expression. Finally, the functional analysis revealed that the upregulation of GAS5 could attenuate cell viability and invasion by boosting p21 expression via binding YBX1. Overall, our results demonstrated that HBx promotes HCC progression by inducing GAS5 methylation to reduce its expression. The upregulation of GAS5 suppressed HBV-related HCC by activating YBX1/p21 signaling. Our data provide novel evidence supporting the potential of GAS5 as a treatment target in HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenghui Ye
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Liujin Hou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zimei Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ruolin Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Hongchuan Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China. .,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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13
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Pietropaolo V, Prezioso C, Moens U. Role of Virus-Induced Host Cell Epigenetic Changes in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158346. [PMID: 34361112 PMCID: PMC8346956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor viruses human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) account for approximately 15% of all human cancers. Although the oncoproteins of these tumor viruses display no sequence similarity to one another, they use the same mechanisms to convey cancer hallmarks on the infected cell. Perturbed gene expression is one of the underlying mechanisms to induce cancer hallmarks. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA affect gene expression without introducing changes in the DNA sequence. Increasing evidence demonstrates that oncoviruses cause epigenetic modifications, which play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. In this review, recent advances in the role of host cell epigenetic changes in virus-induced cancers are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
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14
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Sartorius K, An P, Winkler C, Chuturgoon A, Li X, Makarova J, Kramvis A. The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661204. [PMID: 33995383 PMCID: PMC8117219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) pathogenesis is fueled by persistent HBV infection that stealthily maintains a delicate balance between viral replication and evasion of the host immune system. HBV is remarkably adept at using a combination of both its own, as well as host machinery to ensure its own replication and survival. A key tool in its arsenal, is the HBx protein which can manipulate the epigenetic landscape to decrease its own viral load and enhance persistence, as well as manage host genome epigenetic responses to the presence of viral infection. The HBx protein can initiate epigenetic modifications to dysregulate miRNA expression which, in turn, can regulate downstream epigenetic changes in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. We attempt to link the HBx and miRNA induced epigenetic modulations that influence both the HBV and host genome expression in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. In particular, the review investigates the interplay between CHB infection, the silencing role of miRNA, epigenetic change, immune system expression and HBV-HCC pathogenesis. The review demonstrates exactly how HBx-dysregulated miRNA in HBV-HCC pathogenesis influence and are influenced by epigenetic changes to modulate both viral and host genome expression. In particular, the review identifies a specific subset of HBx induced epigenetic miRNA pathways in HBV-HCC pathogenesis demonstrating the complex interplay between HBV infection, epigenetic change, disease and immune response. The wide-ranging influence of epigenetic change and miRNA modulation offers considerable potential as a therapeutic option in HBV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Sartorius
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Julia Makarova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Higher School of Economics University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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15
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Fernández-Ponce C, Navarro Quiroz R, Díaz Perez A, Aroca Martinez G, Cadena Bonfanti A, Acosta Hoyos A, Gómez Escorcia L, Hernández Agudelo S, Orozco Sánchez C, Villarreal Camacho J, Atencio Ibarra L, Consuegra Machado J, Espinoza Garavito A, García-Cózar F, Navarro Quiroz E. MicroRNAs overexpressed in Crohn's disease and their interactions with mechanisms of epigenetic regulation explain novel aspects of Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:39. [PMID: 33602320 PMCID: PMC7890887 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this review, we were interested to identify the wide universe of enzymes associated with epigenetic modifications, whose gene expression is regulated by miRNAs with a high relative abundance in Crohn's disease (CD) affected tissues, with the aim to determine their impact in the pathogenesis and evolution of the disease. Methods We used HMDD and Bibliometrix R-package in order to identify the miRNAs overexpressed in CD. The identified enzymes associated with epigenetic mechanisms and post-translational modifications, regulated by miRNAs upregulated in CD, were analyzed using String v11 database. Results We found 190 miRNAs with great abundance in patients with CD, of which 26 miRNAs regulate the gene expression of enzymes known to catalyze epigenetic modifications involved in essentials pathophysiological processes, such as chromatin architecture reorganization, immune response regulation including CD4+ T cells polarization, integrity of gut mucosa, gut microbiota composition and tumorigenesis. Conclusion The integrated analysis of miRNAs with a high relative abundance in patients with CD showed a combined and superimposed gene expression regulation of enzymes associated with relevant epigenetic mechanisms and that could explain, in part, the pathogenesis of CD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01022-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Fernández-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Roberto Navarro Quiroz
- CMCC-Centro de Matemática, Computação E Cognição, Laboratório do Biología Computacional e Bioinformática-LBCB, Universidade Federal Do ABC, Sao Paulo, 01023, Brazil
| | - Anderson Díaz Perez
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Universidad Rafael Nuñez, 130001, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Aroca Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Department of Nephrology, Clinica de La Costa, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Andrés Cadena Bonfanti
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Department of Nephrology, Clinica de La Costa, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta Hoyos
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lorena Gómez Escorcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Universidad Rafael Nuñez, 130001, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Sandra Hernández Agudelo
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Department of Nephrology, Clinica de La Costa, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Christian Orozco Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Espinoza Garavito
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Francisco García-Cózar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia. .,Centro de Investigación E Innovación en Biomoléculas, C4U S.A.S, 080001, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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16
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Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Epidemiology, etiology and molecular classification. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 149:1-61. [PMID: 33579421 PMCID: PMC8796122 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the primary malignancy of hepatocytes, is a diagnosis with bleak outcome. According to National Cancer Institute's SEER database, the average five-year survival rate of HCC patients in the US is 19.6% but can be as low as 2.5% for advanced, metastatic disease. When diagnosed at early stages, it is treatable with locoregional treatments including surgical resection, Radio-Frequency Ablation, Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization or liver transplantation. However, HCC is usually diagnosed at advanced stages when the tumor is unresectable, making these treatments ineffective. In such instances, systemic therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) becomes the only viable option, even though it benefits only 30% of patients, provides only a modest (~3months) increase in overall survival and causes drug resistance within 6months. HCC, like many other cancers, is highly heterogeneous making a one-size fits all option problematic. The selection of liver transplantation, locoregional treatment, TKIs or immune checkpoint inhibitors as a treatment strategy depends on the disease stage and underlying condition(s). Additionally, patients with similar disease phenotype can have different molecular etiology making treatment responses different. Stratification of patients at the molecular level would facilitate development of the most effective treatment option. With the increase in efficiency and affordability of "omics"-level analysis, considerable effort has been expended in classifying HCC at the molecular, metabolic and immunologic levels. This review examines the results of these efforts and the ways they can be leveraged to develop targeted treatment options for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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17
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Regulatory Mechanisms of Epigenetic miRNA Relationships in Human Cancer and Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102922. [PMID: 33050637 PMCID: PMC7600069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary By the virtue of targeting multiple genes, a microRNA (miRNA) can infer variable consequences on tumorigenesis by appearing as both a tumour suppressor and oncogene. miRNAs can regulate gene expression by modulating genome-wide epigenetic status of genes that are involved in various cancers. These miRNAs perform direct inhibition of key mediators of the epigenetic machinery, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) genes. Along with miRNAs gene expression, similar to other protein-coding genes, miRNAs are also controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Overall, this reciprocal interaction between the miRNAs and the epigenetic architecture is significantly implicated in the aberrant expression of miRNAs detected in various human cancers. Comprehensive knowledge of the miRNA-epigenetic dynamics in cancer is essential for the discovery of novel anticancer therapeutics. Abstract Initiation and progression of cancer are under both genetic and epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic modifications including alterations in DNA methylation, RNA and histone modifications can lead to microRNA (miRNA) gene dysregulation and malignant cellular transformation and are hereditary and reversible. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which regulate the expression of specific target genes through degradation or inhibition of translation of the target mRNA. miRNAs can target epigenetic modifier enzymes involved in epigenetic modulation, establishing a trilateral regulatory “epi–miR–epi” feedback circuit. The intricate association between miRNAs and the epigenetic architecture is an important feature through which to monitor gene expression profiles in cancer. This review summarises the involvement of epigenetically regulated miRNAs and miRNA-mediated epigenetic modulations in various cancers. In addition, the application of bioinformatics tools to study these networks and the use of therapeutic miRNAs for the treatment of cancer are also reviewed. A comprehensive interpretation of these mechanisms and the interwoven bond between miRNAs and epigenetics is crucial for understanding how the human epigenome is maintained, how aberrant miRNA expression can contribute to tumorigenesis and how knowledge of these factors can be translated into diagnostic and therapeutic tool development.
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18
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Javanmard D, Karbalaie Niya MH, Khalafkhany D, Najafi M, Ziaee M, Babaei MR, Kiani SJ, Esghaei M, Jazayeri SM, Panahi M, Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Mehrabi M, Monavari SH, Bokharaei-Salim F. Downregulation of GSK3β and Upregulation of URG7 in Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2020; 20. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The exact molecular contributors to the development of HBV-related HCC are not yet completely understood. Recent studies demonstrated that the deregulation of the Wnt pathway is highly associated with the development of HCC. Besides, HBV is known to have roles in the deregulation of this pathway. The present study evaluated the molecular aspects of the Wnt pathway in HBV-related HCC in liver tissue samples. Viral characterization was done by identifying the HBx mutations and the assessment of intrahepatic viral load. The expression of Wnt pathway genes was assessed using real-time PCR and methylation-specific PCR. The intrahepatic viral load was significantly higher in tumor samples than in normal tissues (P = 0.0008). Aberrant expression was observed in Wnt-1, Wnt-7a, FZD2, FZD7, β-catenin, URG7, c-Myc, SFRP5, and GSK3β, among which Wnt1, FZD2, SFRP5, Gsk3β, and URG7 were associated with HBV. HBx mutations at positions I88, L116, and I127 + F132 were associated with the decreased expression of GSK3β and overexpression of URG7 and Wnt1. Alterations in the expression level of β-catenin, as well as some mutants of HBx, were correlated with the level of c-Myc. HBV-related HCC seems to be mostly coordinated with epigenetic behaviors of HBx, such a multi-functional peptide with suppressing/trans-activating functions.
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19
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Sartorius K, Swadling L, An P, Makarova J, Winkler C, Chuturgoon A, Kramvis A. The Multiple Roles of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein (HBx) Dysregulated MicroRNA in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HBV-HCC) and Immune Pathways. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070746. [PMID: 32664401 PMCID: PMC7412373 DOI: 10.3390/v12070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [HBV-HCC] relies on blunt tools that are unable to offer effective therapy for later stage pathogenesis. The potential of miRNA to treat HBV-HCC offer a more targeted approach to managing this lethal carcinoma; however, the complexity of miRNA as an ancillary regulator of the immune system remains poorly understood. This review examines the overlapping roles of HBx-dysregulated miRNA in HBV-HCC and immune pathways and seeks to demonstrate that specific miRNA response in immune cells is not independent of their expression in hepatocytes. This interplay between the two pathways may provide us with the possibility of using candidate miRNA to manipulate this interaction as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Sartorius
- Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
- UKZN Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK;
| | - Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick Nat. Lab. for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20878, USA; (P.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Julia Makarova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, 10100 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Cheryl Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick Nat. Lab. for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20878, USA; (P.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
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20
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The Regulatory Role of MicroRNA in Hepatitis-B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HBV-HCC) Pathogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121504. [PMID: 31771261 PMCID: PMC6953055 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) is an intractable public health problem in developing countries that is compounded by limited early detection and therapeutic options. Despite the early promise of utilizing the regulatory role of miRNA in liver cancer, this field remains largely in the work-in-progress phase. This exploratory review paper adopts a broad focus in order to collate evidence of the regulatory role of miRNA in each stage of the HBV-HCC continuum. This includes the regulatory role of miRNA in early HBV infection, chronic inflammation, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and the onset of HCC. The paper specifically investigates HBV dysregulated miRNA that influence the expression of the host/HBV genome in HBV-HCC pathogenesis and fully acknowledges that this does not cover the full spectrum of dysregulated miRNA. The sheer number of dysregulated miRNA in each phase support a hypothesis that future therapeutic interventions will need to consider incorporating multiple miRNA panels.
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21
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Hernández-Romero IA, Guerra-Calderas L, Salgado-Albarrán M, Maldonado-Huerta T, Soto-Reyes E. The Regulatory Roles of Non-coding RNAs in Angiogenesis and Neovascularization From an Epigenetic Perspective. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1091. [PMID: 31709179 PMCID: PMC6821677 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial process for organ morphogenesis and growth during development, and it is especially relevant during the repair of wounded tissue in adults. It is coordinated by an equilibrium of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors; nevertheless, when affected, it promotes several diseases. Lately, a growing body of evidence is indicating that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, play critical roles in angiogenesis. These ncRNAs can act in cis or trans and alter gene transcription by several mechanisms including epigenetic processes. In the following pages, we will discuss the functions of ncRNAs in the regulation of angiogenesis and neovascularization, both in normal and disease contexts, from an epigenetic perspective. Additionally, we will describe the contribution of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques to the discovery and understanding of the role of ncRNAs in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Natural Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Chebotarev DA, Makhotkin MA, Naboka AV, Tyutyakina MG, Cherkasova EN, Tarasov VA. Involvement of MicroRNAs in Regulation of Radioresistance of HeLa and DU145 Cells. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419090047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Rana MA, Ijaz B, Daud M, Tariq S, Nadeem T, Husnain T. Interplay of Wnt β-catenin pathway and miRNAs in HBV pathogenesis leading to HCC. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:373-386. [PMID: 30377095 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified world-wide. Plethora of factors including chronic infection of HBV/HCV has been characterized for the development of HCC. Although the onset and progression of HCC has been linked with awry of various signaling pathways but precise mechanism, still lies under the multitude layers of curiosity. HBV is spreading with insane speed throughout the world and has been found a main culprit in HCC development after regulating the several cellular pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, Raf/MAPK, Akt and affecting cell multiplication to genomic instability. The role of Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway is centralized in liver functions and its anomalous activation leads to HCC development. β-catenin mainly plays a pivotal role in canonical pathway of the system. Altered mainly overexpression of β-catenin along its nuclear localization tunes the aberrations in liver functions and set disease progression. In the development of HCC, modulation of Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway by HBV has been established. As HBV infects the cell it affects the miRNAs, the master regulators of cell. Previous studies showed the connection between HBV and cellular miRNAs. In the present review, we unveiled how HBV is deciphering the cellular miRNAs like miR-26a, miR-15a, miR-16-1, miR-148a, miR-132, miR-122, miR-34a, miR-21, miR-29a, miR-222 and miR-199a/b-3p to modulate the Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway and develop HCC. These HBV mediated miRNAs may prove future therapeutic options to treat HBV-Wnt/FZD/β-catenin associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel Rana
- Department of microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Daud
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sommyya Tariq
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Tariq Nadeem
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
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Fu L, Fu X, Mo J, Li X, Li R, Peng S. miR-146a-5p enhances hepatitis B virus replication through autophagy to promote aggravation of chronic hepatitis B. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1336-1346. [PMID: 31018043 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which miR-146a-5p mediated autophagy and hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of miR-146a-5p and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and HBV DNA and RNA. The protein expression levels of XIAP, IκB-α, murine double minute 2 oncoprotein (MDM2) and p53, the phosphorylation of p65, and the conversion of light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II were detected by Western blotting. The expression levels of XIAP, HBV-related pro-inflammatory cytokines, and serum markers were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). miR-146a-5p was highly expressed in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-expressing hepatocytes. HBV core protein (HBc) and HBV X protein (HBx) were responsible for its effects on miR-146a-5p expression through the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Furthermore, the miR-146a-5p inhibitor suppressed autophagic response and HBV replication as well as MDM2/p53 expression. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that XIAP was a direct target of miR-146a-5p. We therefore demonstrated that miR-146a-5p mediated positive feedback loop by regulating autophagy-induced HBV replication via targeting the XIAP-mediated MDM2/p53 axis. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1336-1346, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Hunan Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Hunan Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Hunan Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Hunan Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shifang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Hunan Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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25
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Molecular Mechanisms Driving Progression of Liver Cirrhosis towards Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infections: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 30889843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major type of primary liver cancer, also have liver cirrhosis, the severity of which hampers effective treatment for HCC despite recent progress in the efficacy of anticancer drugs for advanced stages of HCC. Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms of liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC from genetic and epigenomic points of view. Because ~70% of patients with HCC have hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we focused on HBV- and HCV-associated HCC. The literature suggests that genetic and epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, play a role in liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC, and that HBV- and HCV-encoded proteins appear to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms, including immune checkpoints and molecular targets of kinase inhibitors, associated with liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC.
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26
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Molecular Mechanisms Driving Progression of Liver Cirrhosis towards Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infections: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061358. [PMID: 30889843 PMCID: PMC6470669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major type of primary liver cancer, also have liver cirrhosis, the severity of which hampers effective treatment for HCC despite recent progress in the efficacy of anticancer drugs for advanced stages of HCC. Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms of liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC from genetic and epigenomic points of view. Because ~70% of patients with HCC have hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we focused on HBV- and HCV-associated HCC. The literature suggests that genetic and epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, play a role in liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC, and that HBV- and HCV-encoded proteins appear to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms, including immune checkpoints and molecular targets of kinase inhibitors, associated with liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC.
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27
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Ding A, Wang C, Zhang L. Effects of miR-101, miR-345 on HBV replication regulation and on the growth of liver cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:1167-1171. [PMID: 30655879 PMCID: PMC6312945 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of miRNA-101 and miRNA-345 on HBV replication and liver cancer cell growth. qPCR was performed to detect the expression of miRNA-101 and miRNA-345. The expression of HBV RNA was detected by PCR. The expression of HbsAg was detected using ELISA. BEL-7404 cell line proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The expression levels of miR-101 and miR-345 in BEL-7404 pSUPER.neo-miR-101 group and BEL-7404 pSUPER.neo-miR-345 group were significantly higher than those in BEL-7404 pSUPER.neo group (P<0.05). The expression levels of miR-101 and miR-345 in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo-miR-101 group and MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo-miR-345 group were significantly higher than those in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo group (P<0.05). The expression of HBV DNA in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo-miR-101 group was significantly lower than that in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo group (P<0.05), and the expression of HBV DNA in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo-miR-345 group was significantly higher than that in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo group (P<0.05). The expression of HbsAg in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo-miR-101 group was significantly lower than that in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo group (P<0.05), and the expression of HbsAg in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo-miR-345 group was significantly higher than that in MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in terms of HbsAg expression between the MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo-miR-101 and MHCC97-L pSUPER.neo-miR-345 groups (P<0.05). The proliferation of BEL-7404 cells in the BEL-7404 pSUPER.neo-miR-101 group was significantly lower than that in the BEL-7404 pSUPER.neo group (P<0.05). The proliferation of BEL-7404 cells in the BEL-7404 pSUPER.neo-miR-345 group was significantly higher than that in the BEL-7404 pSUPER.neo group (P<0.05). The proliferation of BEL-7404 cells in BEL-7404 pSUPER.neo-miR-101 group was different from that in BEL-7404 pSUPER.neo-miR-345 group (P<0.05). miR-101 reduced the level of HBV replication, and inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cells. miR-345 also upregulated the level of HBV replication, and promoted the proliferation of liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikun Ding
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Cuiyun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- ICU, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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28
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Nakamura M, Chiba T, Kanayama K, Kanzaki H, Saito T, Kusakabe Y, Kato N. Epigenetic dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: an up-to-date review. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:3-13. [PMID: 30238570 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the advances made in research based on next generation sequencers, it is now possible to detect and analyze epigenetic abnormalities associated with cancer. DNA methylation, various histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing are considered to be transcriptional regulatory mechanisms associated with gene expression changes. The breakdown of this precise regulatory system is involved in the transition to cancer. The important role of epigenetic regulation can be observed from the high rate of genetic mutations and abnormal gene expression leading to a breakdown in epigenetic gene expression regulation seen in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on an understanding of epigenomic abnormalities associated with pathological conditions, these findings will lead the way to diagnosis and treatment. In particular, in addition to the fact that there are few choices in terms of extant drug therapies aimed at HCC, there are limits to their antitumor effects. The clinical application of epigenetic therapeutic agents for HCC has only just begun, and future developments are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Kusakabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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29
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Sadri Nahand J, Bokharaei-Salim F, Salmaninejad A, Nesaei A, Mohajeri F, Moshtzan A, Tabibzadeh A, Karimzadeh M, Moghoofei M, Marjani A, Yaghoubi S, Keyvani H. microRNAs: Key players in virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12188-12225. [PMID: 30536673 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known as one of the major health problems worldwide. Pathological analysis indicated that a variety of risk factors including genetical (i.e., alteration of tumor suppressors and oncogenes) and environmental factors (i.e., viruses) are involved in beginning and development of HCC. The understanding of these risk factors could guide scientists and clinicians to design effective therapeutic options in HCC treatment. Various viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) via targeting several cellular and molecular pathways involved in HCC pathogenesis. Among various cellular and molecular targets, microRNAs (miRNAs) have appeared as key players in HCC progression. miRNAs are short noncoding RNAs which could play important roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in several malignancies such as HCC. Deregulation of many miRNAs (i.e., miR-222, miR-25, miR-92a, miR-1, let-7f, and miR-21) could be associated with different stages of HCC. Besides miRNAs, exosomes are other particles which are involved in HCC pathogenesis via targeting different cargos, such as DNAs, RNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of miRNAs and exosomes as important players in HCC pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted HCV- and HBV-related miRNAs which led to HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajeri
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Moshtzan
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tabibzadeh
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezo Marjani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shoeleh Yaghoubi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Meier-Stephenson V, Bremner WTR, Dalton CS, van Marle G, Coffin CS, Patel TR. Comprehensive Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Promoter Region Mutations. Viruses 2018; 10:E603. [PMID: 30388827 PMCID: PMC6265984 DOI: 10.3390/v10110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 250 million people are infected chronically with hepatitis B virus (HBV), the leading cause of liver cancer worldwide. HBV persists, due, in part, to its compact, stable minichromosome, the covalently-closed, circular DNA (cccDNA), which resides in the hepatocytes' nuclei. Current therapies target downstream replication products, however, a true virological cure will require targeting the cccDNA. Finding targets on such a small, compact genome is challenging. For HBV, to remain replication-competent, it needs to maintain nucleotide fidelity in key regions, such as the promoter regions, to ensure that it can continue to utilize the necessary host proteins. HBVdb (HBV database) is a repository of HBV sequences spanning all genotypes (A⁻H) amplified from clinical samples, and hence implying an extensive collection of replication-competent viruses. Here, we analyzed the HBV sequences from HBVdb using bioinformatics tools to comprehensively assess the HBV core and X promoter regions amongst the nearly 70,000 HBV sequences for highly-conserved nucleotides and variant frequencies. Notably, there is a high degree of nucleotide conservation within specific segments of these promoter regions highlighting their importance in potential host protein-viral interactions and thus the virus' viability. Such findings may have key implications for designing antivirals to target these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Meier-Stephenson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Alberta RNA Research & Training Institute, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - William T R Bremner
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Chimone S Dalton
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Guido van Marle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Carla S Coffin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Alberta RNA Research & Training Institute, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada.
- DiscoveryLab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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31
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Mitra B, Thapa RJ, Guo H, Block TM. Host functions used by hepatitis B virus to complete its life cycle: Implications for developing host-targeting agents to treat chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:185-198. [PMID: 30145242 PMCID: PMC6193490 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other mammalian viruses, the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is heavily dependent upon and regulated by cellular (host) functions. These cellular functions can be generally placed in to two categories: (a) intrinsic host restriction factors and innate defenses, which must be evaded or repressed by the virus; and (b) gene products that provide functions necessary for the virus to complete its life cycle. Some of these functions may apply to all viruses, but some may be specific to HBV. In certain cases, the virus may depend upon the host function much more than does the host itself. Knowing which host functions regulate the different steps of a virus' life cycle, can lead to new antiviral targets and help in developing novel treatment strategies, in addition to improving a fundamental understanding of viral pathogenesis. Therefore, in this review we will discuss known host factors which influence key steps of HBV life cycle, and further elucidate therapeutic interventions targeting host-HBV interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Mitra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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32
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Zhou P, Dong M, Wang J, Li F, Zhang J, Gu J. Baseline serum miR-125b levels predict virologic response to nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3805-3812. [PMID: 30344656 PMCID: PMC6176193 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of baseline serum microRNA (miRNA)-125b for nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A total of 66 patients with Be antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB received NAs therapy for 144 weeks. Serum miRNA-125b levels were measured at the baseline, while hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured throughout treatment. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of treatment response. The results indicated that baseline serum miR-125b (OR=4.377; P=0.006), HBsAg (OR=0.120; P=0.010), ALT >5× upper limit of normal (ULN; OR=11.726; P=0.018) and undetectable HBV DNA at week 24 (OR=7.828; P=0.021) were independent predictors of complete response (CR) at 144 weeks (CR is defined as HBV DNA <500 IU/ml and HBeAg seroconversion). The baseline serum miRNA-125b combined with baseline HBsAg level yielded an area under the receiver-operating curve of 0.852 in discriminating CR and non-CR at 144 week. The combination of baseline miRNA-125b ≥1.7 and ALT >5× ULN had a positive predictive value 80% for CR at 144 weeks. The combination of baseline miRNA-125b ≥1.7 and HbsAg ≤4.4 (log10 IU/ml) had a negative predictive value of CR at 144 weeks of 100%. Together, these results suggest that baseline miRNA-125b is a reliable predictor of HBeAg seroconversion following NAs treatment. The present study may be used as a basis for the use of baseline miRNA-125b to optimize treatment prior to NAs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhou
- Huashan Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Minhui Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Fahong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Gu
- Huashan Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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33
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Wakasugi H, Takahashi H, Niinuma T, Kitajima H, Oikawa R, Matsumoto N, Takeba Y, Otsubo T, Takagi M, Ariizumi Y, Suzuki M, Okuse C, Iwabuchi S, Nakano M, Akutsu N, Kang JH, Matsui T, Yamada N, Sasaki H, Yamamoto E, Kai M, Sasaki Y, Sasaki S, Tanaka Y, Yotsuyanagi H, Tsutsumi T, Yamamoto H, Tokino T, Nakase H, Suzuki H, Itoh F. Dysregulation of miRNA in chronic hepatitis B is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk after nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment. Cancer Lett 2018; 434:91-100. [PMID: 30026054 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy effectively reduces the incidence of HCC, but it does not completely prevent the disease. Here, we show that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in post-NA HCC development. We divided chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who received NA therapy into two groups: 1) those who did not develop HCC during the follow-up period after NA therapy (no-HCC group) and 2) those who did (HCC group). miRNA expression profiles were significantly altered in CHB tissues as compared to normal liver, and the HCC group showed greater alteration than the no-HCC group. NA treatment restored the miRNA expression profiles to near-normal in the no-HCC group, but it was less effective in the HCC group. A number of miRNAs implicated in HCC, including miR-101, miR-140, miR-152, miR-199a-3p, and let-7g, were downregulated in CHB. Moreover, we identified CDK7 and TACC2 as novel target genes of miR-199a-3p. Our results suggest that altered miRNA expression in CHB contributes to HCC development, and that improvement of miRNA expression after NA treatment is associated with reduced HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Wakasugi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitajima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Oikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeba
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takehito Otsubo
- Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takagi
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ariizumi
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Michihiro Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Japan
| | - Chiaki Okuse
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Japan
| | - Shogo Iwabuchi
- Center for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Digestive Disease, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Akutsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jong-Hon Kang
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norie Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Kiyokawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sasaki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Department Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Fumio Itoh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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34
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The Role of miRNAs in Virus-Mediated Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041217. [PMID: 29673190 PMCID: PMC5979478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, viruses are reported to be responsible for more than 15% of all tumors worldwide. The oncogenesis could be influenced directly by the activity of viral oncoproteins or by the chronic infection or inflammation. The group of human oncoviruses includes Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) or polyomaviruses, and transregulating retroviruses such as HIV or HTLV-1. Most of these viruses express short noncoding RNAs called miRNAs to regulate their own gene expression or to influence host gene expression and thus contribute to the carcinogenic processes. In this review, we will focus on oncogenic viruses and summarize the role of both types of miRNAs, viral as well as host’s, in the oncogenesis.
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35
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Lu Z. The function of HBx in HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. INFECTION INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ii-2017-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second cause cancer death in the world. HCC is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages with intrahepatic metstasis or vascular invasion and has a poor prognosis with a high mortality rate. In the world, hepatitis B virus (HBV) caused over 50% HCC, making it the most common carcinogen after tobacco. Notably, accumulating evidence suggests HBV X gene (HBx) play an important role in tumorigenesis of HBV-related HCC. In this review, we will summarize the functions of HBx proteins in tumorigenesis and discuss their potential implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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36
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Kostyushev DS, Zueva AP, Brezgin SA, Lipatnikov AD, Volchkova EV, Maleyev VV, Chulanov VP. THE ROLE OF DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASES IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B. Vopr Virusol 2018; 63:19-29. [PMID: 36494993 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-1-19-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B is caused by a persistent form of hepatitis B virus, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Stability of cccDNA is associated with intracellular localization of cccDNA and formation of minichromosome, regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. One of the key mechanisms in epigenetics is methylation of DNA on CpG islands. Expression levels of DNA-methyltransferases (DNMTs) in chronic hepatitis B patients were shown to be upregulated. Nevertheless, the role of DNMTs in the life cycle of HBV and their effects on the cell remain elusive. In this review, we discuss latest achievements on the role of DNMTs in chronic hepatitis B and HBV in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A P Zueva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - S A Brezgin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology.,I.M. Sechenov First State Medical University
| | - A D Lipatnikov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology.,D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | | | | | - V P Chulanov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology.,I.M. Sechenov First State Medical University
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37
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DNA Tumor Virus Regulation of Host DNA Methylation and Its Implications for Immune Evasion and Oncogenesis. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020082. [PMID: 29438328 PMCID: PMC5850389 DOI: 10.3390/v10020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved various mechanisms to evade host immunity and ensure efficient viral replication and persistence. Several DNA tumor viruses modulate host DNA methyltransferases for epigenetic dysregulation of immune-related gene expression in host cells. The host immune responses suppressed by virus-induced aberrant DNA methylation are also frequently involved in antitumor immune responses. Here, we describe viral mechanisms and virus–host interactions by which DNA tumor viruses regulate host DNA methylation to evade antiviral immunity, which may contribute to the generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment during cancer development. Recent trials of immunotherapies have shown promising results to treat multiple cancers; however, a significant number of non-responders necessitate identifying additional targets for cancer immunotherapies. Thus, understanding immune evasion mechanisms of cancer-causing viruses may provide great insights for reversing immune suppression to prevent and treat associated cancers.
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38
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Tornesello ML, Buonaguro L, Izzo F, Buonaguro FM. Molecular alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25087-102. [PMID: 26943571 PMCID: PMC5041890 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections with hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) are the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Both viruses encode multifunctional regulatory proteins activating several oncogenic pathways, which induce accumulation of multiple genetic alterations in the infected hepatocytes. Gene mutations in HBV- and HCV-induced HCCs frequently impair the TP53, Wnt/b-catenin, RAS/RAF/MAPK kinase and AKT/mTOR pathways, which represent important anti-cancer targets. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of primary liver cancer, with particular emphasis on the host genetic variations identified by high-throughput technologies. In addition, we discuss the importance of genetic alterations, such as mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, for the diagnosis, prognosis, and tumor stratification for development of more effective treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery Department, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
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39
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Yang X, Pang YY, He RQ, Lin P, Cen JM, Yang H, Ma J, Chen G. Diagnostic value of strand-specific miRNA-101-3p and miRNA-101-5p for hepatocellular carcinoma and a bioinformatic analysis of their possible mechanism of action. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 8:64-84. [PMID: 29321958 PMCID: PMC5757177 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that miRNA might serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for various types of cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of malignant lesion but the significance of miRNAs in HCC remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to establish the diagnostic value of miR-101-3p/5p in HCC and then further investigate the prospective molecular mechanism via a bioinformatic analysis. First, the miR-101 expression profiles and parallel clinical parameters from 362 HCC patients and 50 adjacent non-HCC tissue samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Second, we aggregated all miR-101-3p/5p expression profiles collected from published literature and the Gene Expression Omnibus and TCGA databases. Subsequently, target genes of miR-101-3p and miR-101-5p were predicted by using the miRWalk database and then overlapped with the differentially expressed genes of HCC identified by natural language processing. Finally, bioinformatic analyses were conducted with the overlapping genes. The level of miR-101 was significantly lower in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-HCC tissues (P < 0.001), and the area under the curve of the low miR-101 level for HCC diagnosis was 0.925 (P < 0.001). The pooled summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) of miR-101-3p was 0.86, and the combined SROC curve of miR-101-5p was 0.80. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the target genes of both miR-101-3p and miR-101-5p are involved in several pathways that are associated with HCC. The hub genes for miR-101-3p and miR-101-5p were also found. Our results suggested that both miR-101-3p and miR-101-5p might be potential diagnostic markers in HCC, and that they exert their functions via targeting various prospective genes in the same pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Yu-Yan Pang
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Ultrasonography First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Jie-Mei Cen
- Department of Medical Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
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40
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Bai ZT, Bai B, Zhu J, Di CX, Li X, Zhou WC. Epigenetic actions of environmental factors and promising drugs for cancer therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2049-2056. [PMID: 29434904 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is known to be primarily associated with gene mutations. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that epigenetic events also serve crucial roles in tumor etiology. Environmental factors, including nutrition, toxicants and ethanol, are involved in carcinogenesis through inducing epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone deacetylase and miRNA regulation. Studying epigenetic mechanisms has facilitated the development of early diagnostic strategies and potential therapeutic avenues. Modulation at the epigenetic level, including reversing epigenetic modifications using targeted drugs, has demonstrated promise in cancer therapy. Therefore, identifying novel epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets has potential for the future of cancer therapy. The present review discusses the environmental factors involved in epigenetic modifications and potential drug candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tian Bai
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Bai
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Pathology Department of Donggang Branch Courts, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Xia Di
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ce Zhou
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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41
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Balakrishnan L, Milavetz B. Epigenetic Regulation of Viral Biological Processes. Viruses 2017; 9:v9110346. [PMID: 29149060 PMCID: PMC5707553 DOI: 10.3390/v9110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that DNA viruses exploit cellular epigenetic processes to control their life cycles during infection. This review will address epigenetic regulation in members of the polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, human papillomaviruses, hepatitis B, and herpes viruses. For each type of virus, what is known about the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and regulatory RNA in epigenetic regulation of the virus infection will be discussed. The mechanisms used by certain viruses to dysregulate the host cell through manipulation of epigenetic processes and the role of cellular cofactors such as BRD4 that are known to be involved in epigenetic regulation of host cell pathways will also be covered. Specifically, this review will focus on the role of epigenetic regulation in maintaining viral episomes through the generation of chromatin, temporally controlling transcription from viral genes during the course of an infection, regulating latency and the switch to a lytic infection, and global dysregulation of cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Balakrishnan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Barry Milavetz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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42
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Boyle M, Mann J. WITHDRAWN: Epigenetics in Chronic Liver Disease. J Hepatol 2017:S0168-8278(17)32255-9. [PMID: 28855099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boyle
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4(th) Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jelena Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4(th) Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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43
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Expression Profiling of Cellular MicroRNA in Asymptomatic HBsAg Carriers and Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6484835. [PMID: 28913356 PMCID: PMC5587942 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6484835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as potential molecular markers to predict liver injury resulting from chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In the present study, we want to study the expression profile and clinical significance of miRNAs at different stages of CHB virus infection. Methods Using miRNA microarray, we investigated the global expression profiles of cellular miRNA in asymptomatic hepatitis B antigen carriers (ASCs) and CHB patients, compared with healthy controls (HCs). Results We identified 79 and 203 differentially expressed miRNAs in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ASCs and CHB patients compared to HCs, respectively. Some of these miRNAs were common to ASCs and CHB patients, but another set of miRNAs that showed differential expression between ASCs and CHB patients was also identified. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the target genes of the identified miRNAs played a role in important biological functions, such as learning or memory, cell-cell adherens junction, ion channel inhibitor activity, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion We identified some significant differentially expressed miRNA in different phases of HBV infection, which might serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in the future.
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44
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Interference of Apoptosis by Hepatitis B Virus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080230. [PMID: 28820498 PMCID: PMC5580487 DOI: 10.3390/v9080230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver diseases that have been a consistent problem for human health, leading to more than one million deaths every year worldwide. A large proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases across the world are closely associated with chronic HBV infection. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death and is frequently altered in cancer development. HBV infection interferes with the apoptosis signaling to promote HCC progression and viral proliferation. The HBV-mediated alteration of apoptosis is achieved via interference with cellular signaling pathways and regulation of epigenetics. HBV X protein (HBX) plays a major role in the interference of apoptosis. There are conflicting reports on the HBV interference of apoptosis with the majority showing inhibition of and the rest reporting induction of apoptosis. In this review, we described recent studies on the mechanisms of the HBV interference with the apoptosis signaling during the virus infection and provided perspective.
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45
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van der Ree MH, Jansen L, Kruize Z, van Nuenen AC, van Dort KA, Takkenberg RB, Reesink HW, Kootstra NA. Plasma MicroRNA Levels Are Associated With Hepatitis B e Antigen Status and Treatment Response in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1421-1429. [PMID: 28368488 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) modulates microRNA (miRNA) expression to support viral replication. The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs associated with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status and response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) , and to assess if these miRNAs are actively secreted by hepatoma cells. Methods Plasma miRNA levels were measured by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in healthy controls (n = 10) and pretreatment samples of an identification cohort (n = 24) and a confirmation cohort (n = 64) of CHB patients treated with peginterferon/nucleotide analogue combination therapy. Levels of HBV-associated miRNAs were measured in cells, extracellular vesicles, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles of hepatoma cell lines. Results HBeAg-positive patients had higher plasma levels of miR-122-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-193b-3p, and miR-194-5p compared to HBeAg-negative patients, and levels of these miRNAs were associated with HBV DNA and HBsAg levels. Pretreatment plasma levels of miR-301a-3p and miR-145-5p were higher in responders (combined response or HBsAg loss) compared to nonresponders. miR-192-5p, miR-193b-3p, and miR-194-5p were present in extracellular vesicles and HBsAg particles derived from hepatoma cells. Conclusions We identified miRNAs that are associated with HBeAg status, levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg, and treatment response in CHB patients. We demonstrated that several of these miRNAs are present in extracellular vesicles and HBsAg particles secreted by hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike H van der Ree
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and.,Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Jansen
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and.,Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zita Kruize
- Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad C van Nuenen
- Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel A van Dort
- Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hendrik W Reesink
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and.,Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Wang Z, Wu Z, Huang P. The function of miRNAs in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by hepatitis B virus X protein. Oncol Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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47
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Jia J, Li H, Wang H, Chen S, Wang M, Feng H, Gao Y, Wang Y, Fang M, Gao C. Hepatitis B virus core antigen mutations predict post-operative prognosis of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1399-1409. [PMID: 28640739 PMCID: PMC5656792 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (HBc) mutations and the post-operative prognosis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In total, 98 patients suffering from HBV-related HCC and treated with surgery were enrolled, with a 48 month follow-up. The preCore/Core region of the HBV genome from tumour tissue (TT) and paired adjacent non-tumour tissue (ANTT) of these patients was sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed. The correlations between the viral features and evolutionary divergence of preCore/Core amino acid sequences from 67 paired TTs and ANTTs were analysed. Cox proportional hazard model analysis was applied for post-operative hazard risk evaluation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the sequences were ascribed to genotype C. The evolutionary divergence of amino acid sequences from matched TTs and ANTTs was significantly negatively correlated with serum and intrahepatic HBV DNA levels. Multivariate analysis showed that the HBc E77 mutation was associated with shorter overall survival, and HBc S87 and P156 mutations were independent risk factors for relapse. Furthermore, in contrast to with patients without the S87 mutation, no correlation was observed between serum HBV DNA and intrahepatic HBV DNA in HCC patients with the S87 mutation. Analysis of the intrahepatic sequence may advance our understanding of viral status; thus, it is useful for prognosis prediction for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian’an Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 105th Hospital of PLA, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA’s General Hospital, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Huijuan Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Yunjiu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
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48
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Zhang EL, Gu J, Zhang ZY, Dong KS, Liang BY, Huang ZY. MicroRNA expression profiling in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma of familial aggregation and hepatitis B virus infection. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:971-976. [PMID: 28693260 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) potently affect hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the miRNA expression profiling in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of familial aggregation and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not been elucidated. In the present study, the plasma miRNA expression profiles of 3 patients with HCC with familial aggregation of HCC and HBV infection and 1 healthy volunteer were examined by microarray analysis, in order to identify relevant miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of HCC with familial aggregation and HBV infection. The results indicated that 26 miRNAs exhibited a ≥20-fold increase or decrease in the plasma of patients with HCC, compared with the healthy control (24 upregulated and 2 downregulated). Among these altered miRNAs, 15 of them have been reported in HCC. The other 11 miRNAs have never been reported in HCC. These differentially-expressed miRNAs may be potential molecular markers for HCC pathogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Lei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jin Gu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zun-Yi Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Shuai Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Yong Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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49
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miR-101 suppresses HBV replication and expression by targeting FOXO1 in hepatoma carcinoma cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:167-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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50
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Guerrieri F, Belloni L, D'Andrea D, Pediconi N, Le Pera L, Testoni B, Scisciani C, Floriot O, Zoulim F, Tramontano A, Levrero M. Genome-wide identification of direct HBx genomic targets. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:184. [PMID: 28212627 PMCID: PMC5316204 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) HBx regulatory protein is required for HBV replication and involved in HBV-related carcinogenesis. HBx interacts with chromatin modifying enzymes and transcription factors to modulate histone post-translational modifications and to regulate viral cccDNA transcription and cellular gene expression. Aiming to identify genes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) directly targeted by HBx, we performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to analyse HBV recruitment on host cell chromatin in cells replicating HBV. Results ChIP-Seq high throughput sequencing of HBx-bound fragments was used to obtain a high-resolution, unbiased, mapping of HBx binding sites across the genome in HBV replicating cells. Protein-coding genes and ncRNAs involved in cell metabolism, chromatin dynamics and cancer were enriched among HBx targets together with genes/ncRNAs known to modulate HBV replication. The direct transcriptional activation of genes/miRNAs that potentiate endocytosis (Ras-related in brain (RAB) GTPase family) and autophagy (autophagy related (ATG) genes, beclin-1, miR-33a) and the transcriptional repression of microRNAs (miR-138, miR-224, miR-576, miR-596) that directly target the HBV pgRNA and would inhibit HBV replication, contribute to HBx-mediated increase of HBV replication. Conclusions Our ChIP-Seq analysis of HBx genome wide chromatin recruitment defined the repertoire of genes and ncRNAs directly targeted by HBx and led to the identification of new mechanisms by which HBx positively regulates cccDNA transcription and HBV replication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3561-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guerrieri
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Laura Belloni
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Daniel D'Andrea
- Biocomputing Lab, Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Pediconi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Loredana Le Pera
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy.,Biocomputing Lab, Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, 69424, France
| | - Cecilia Scisciani
- Department of Internal Medicine - DMISM, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Oceane Floriot
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, 69424, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, 69424, France
| | - Anna Tramontano
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy.,Biocomputing Lab, Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Massimo Levrero
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy. .,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, 69424, France. .,Department of Internal Medicine - DMISM, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) - INSERM U1052, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424, Lyon Cedex 03, France.
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