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Wu L, Chen H, Long Y, Qiu J, Dai X, You X, Li T. Exploring the mechanism of action of Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma for in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer: a network-based pharmacology and experimental validation study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3099. [PMID: 38326539 PMCID: PMC10850140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma (SR-CR) is a classic drug pair for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but its mechanism has not been clarified. The study aims to elucidate the potential mechanism of SR-CR in the management of CRPC. The present study employed the TCMSP as well as the SwissTargetPrediction platform to retrieve the chemical composition and targets of SR-CR. The therapeutic targets of CRPC were identified through screening the GeneCards, Disgenet, and OMIM databases. Subsequently, the Venny online platform was utilized to identify the shared targets between the SR-CR and CRPC. The shared targets were enrichment analysis using the Bioconductor and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. The active ingredients and core targets were verified through molecular docking and were validated using PC3 cells in the experimental validation phase. A total of 7 active ingredients and 1126 disease targets were screened from SR-CR, leading to a total of 59 shared targets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis resulted in 1309 GO entries. KEGG pathways analysis yielded 121 pathways, primarily involving cancer-related signaling pathways. The results from molecular docking revealed stable binding interactions between the core ingredients and the core targets. In vitro cellular assays further demonstrated that SR-CR effectively suppressed the activation of the Prostate cancer signaling pathway in PC3 cells, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. The SR-CR exert therapeutic effects on CRPC by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis through the Prostate cancer signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litong Wu
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Long
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Qiu
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shen zhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Dai
- Liuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujun You
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Cheng S, Xu Y, Wu M, Gu S, Xu S, Wu Y, Wang C, Wang Y. Anoikis-related signature predicts prognosis and characterizes immune landscape of ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:53. [PMID: 38310291 PMCID: PMC10837903 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OV) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide, with high recurrence rates. Anoikis, a newly-acknowledged form of programmed cell death, plays an essential role in cancer progression, though studies focused on prognostic patterns of anoikis in OV are still lacking. We filtered 32 potential anoikis-related genes (ARGs) among the 6406 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 180 normal controls and 376 TCGA-OV samples. Through the LASSO-Cox analysis, a 2-gene prognostic signature, namely AKT2, and DAPK1, was finally distinguished. We then demonstrated the promising prognostic value of the signature through the K-M survival analysis and time-dependent ROC curves (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, based on the signature and clinical features, we constructed and validated a nomogram model for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival, with reliable prognostic values in both TCGA-OV training cohort (p-value < 0.001) and ICGC-OV validation cohort (p-value = 0.030). We evaluated the tumor immune landscape through the CIBERSORT algorithm, which indicated the upregulation of resting Myeloid Dendritic Cells (DCs), memory B cells, and naïve B cells and high expression of key immune checkpoint molecules (CD274 and PDCD1LG2) in the high-risk group. Interestingly, the high-risk group exhibited better sensitivity toward immunotherapy and less sensitivity toward chemotherapies, including Cisplatin and Bleomycin. Especially, based on the IHC of tissue microarrays among 125 OV patients at our institution, we reported that aberrant upregulation of DAPK1 was related to poor prognosis. Conclusively, the anoikis-related signature was a promising tool to evaluate prognosis and predict therapy responses, thus assisting decision-making in the realm of OV precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanna Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Meixuan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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3
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Miller KA, Degan S, Wang Y, Cohen J, Ku SY, Goodrich DW, Gelman IH. PTEN-regulated PI3K-p110 and AKT isoform plasticity controls metastatic prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 2024; 43:22-34. [PMID: 37875657 PMCID: PMC10766561 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
PTEN loss, one of the most frequent mutations in prostate cancer (PC), is presumed to drive disease progression through AKT activation. However, two transgenic PC models with Akt activation plus Rb loss exhibited different metastatic development: Pten/RbPE:-/- mice produced systemic metastatic adenocarcinomas with high AKT2 activation, whereas RbPE:-/- mice deficient for the Src-scaffolding protein, Akap12, induced high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias and indolent lymph node dissemination, correlating with upregulated phosphotyrosyl PI3K-p85α. Using PC cells isogenic for PTEN, we show that PTEN-deficiency correlated with dependence on both p110β and AKT2 for in vitro and in vivo parameters of metastatic growth or motility, and with downregulation of SMAD4, a known PC metastasis suppressor. In contrast, PTEN expression, which dampened these oncogenic behaviors, correlated with greater dependence on p110α plus AKT1. Our data suggest that metastatic PC aggressiveness is controlled by specific PI3K/AKT isoform combinations influenced by divergent Src activation or PTEN-loss pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Miller
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14209, USA
- American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Seamus Degan
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14209, USA
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14209, USA
| | - Joseph Cohen
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14209, USA
- Sequence, Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Sheng Yu Ku
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14209, USA
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14209, USA.
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4
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Miller K, Degan S, Wang Y, Cohen J, Ku SY, Goodrich D, Gelman I. PTEN regulated PI3K-p110 and AKT isoform plasticity controls metastatic prostate cancer progression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2924750. [PMID: 37292818 PMCID: PMC10246239 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2924750/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PTEN loss, one of the most frequent mutations in prostate cancer (PC), is presumed to drive disease progression through AKT activation. However, two transgenic PC models with Akt activation plus Rb loss exhibited different metastasis development: Pten/RbPE:-/- mice produced systemic metastatic adenocarcinomas with high AKT2 activation, whereas RbPE:-/- mice deficient for the Src-scaffolding protein, Akap12, induced high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias and indolent lymph node disseminations, correlating with upregulated phosphotyrosyl PI3K-p85α. Using PC cells isogenic for PTEN, we show that PTEN-deficiency correlated with dependence on both p110β and AKT2 for in vitro and in vivo parameters of metastatic growth or motility, and with downregulation of SMAD4, a known PC metastasis suppressor. In contrast, PTEN expression, which dampened these oncogenic behaviors, correlated with greater dependence on p110α plus AKT1. Our data suggest that metastatic PC aggressiveness is controlled by specific PI3K/AKT isoform combinations influenced by divergent Src activation or PTEN-loss pathways.
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5
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Qian S, Wen Y, Mei L, Zhu X, Zhang H, Xu C. Development and validation of a novel anoikis-related gene signature for predicting prognosis in ovarian cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3410-3426. [PMID: 37179119 PMCID: PMC10449303 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Anoikis plays a critical role in variable cancer types. However, studies that focus on the prognostic values of anoikis-related genes (ANRGs) in OV are scarce. Cohorts with transcriptome data and corresponding clinicopathologic data of OV patients were collected and consolidated from public databases. Multiple bioinformatics approaches were used to screen key genes from 446 anoikis-related genes, including Cox regression analysis, random survival forest analysis, and Kaplan-Meier analysis of best combinations. A five-gene signature was constructed in the discovery cohort (TCGA) and validated in four validation cohorts (GEO). Risk score of the signature stratified patients into high-risk (HRisk) and low-risk (LRisk) subgroups. Patients in the HRisk group were associated with worse OS than those in the LRisk group in both the TCGA cohort (p<0.0001, HR=2.718, 95%CI:1.872-3.947) and the four GEO cohorts (p<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that the risk score served as an independent prognostic factor in both cohorts. The signature's predictive capacity was further demonstrated by the nomogram analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that immunosuppressive and malignant progression-related pathways were enriched in the HRisk group, including TGF-β, WNT and ECM pathways. The LRisk group was characterized by immune-active signaling pathways (interferon-gamma, T cell activation, etc.) and higher proportions of anti-tumor immune cells (NK, M1, etc.) while HRisk patients were associated with higher stromal scores and less TCR richness. In conclusion, the signature reveals a close relationship between the anoikis and prognosis and may provide a potential therapeutic target for OV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Qian
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yidan Wen
- Department of Sterilization and Supply, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lina Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xiaofu Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Jinxin Women and Children’s Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China
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6
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Investigation of the function of the PI3-Kinase / AKT signaling pathway for leukemogenesis and therapy of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Cell Signal 2022; 93:110301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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7
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Abd Wahab NA, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Diarylpentanoid (1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one) (MS13) Exhibits Anti-proliferative, Apoptosis Induction and Anti-migration Properties on Androgen-independent Human Prostate Cancer by Targeting Cell Cycle-Apoptosis and PI3K Signalling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707335. [PMID: 34366863 PMCID: PMC8343533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarylpentanoids exhibit a high degree of anti-cancer activity and stability in vitro over curcumin in prostate cancer cells. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of a diarylpentanoid, 1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one (MS13) on cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative, apoptosis-inducing, anti-migration properties, and the underlying molecular mechanisms on treated androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, DU 145 and PC-3. A cell viability assay has shown greater cytotoxicity effects of MS13-treated DU 145 cells (EC50 7.57 ± 0.2 µM) and PC-3 cells (EC50 7.80 ± 0.7 µM) compared to curcumin (EC50: DU 145; 34.25 ± 2.7 µM and PC-3; 27.77 ± 6.4 µM). In addition, MS13 exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity against AIPC cells compared to curcumin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Morphological observation, increased caspase-3 activity, and reduced Bcl-2 protein levels in these cells indicated that MS13 induces apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent. Moreover, MS13 effectively inhibited the migration of DU 145 and PC-3 cells. Our results suggest that cell cycle-apoptosis and PI3K pathways were the topmost significant pathways impacted by MS13 activity. Our findings suggest that MS13 may demonstrate the anti-cancer activity by modulating DEGs associated with the cell cycle-apoptosis and PI3K pathways, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and cell migration as well as inducing apoptosis in AIPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azwa Abd Wahab
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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8
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He H, Shao X, Li Y, Gihu R, Xie H, Zhou J, Yan H. Targeting Signaling Pathway Networks in Several Malignant Tumors: Progresses and Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675675. [PMID: 34135756 PMCID: PMC8203325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain the health problem of highest concern among people worldwide due to its high mortality and recurrence. Lung, gastric, liver, colon, and breast cancers are among the top five malignant tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality. In cancer biology, aberrant signaling pathway regulation is a prevalent theme that drives the generation, metastasis, invasion, and other processes of all malignant tumors. The Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch and NF-kB pathways are widely concerned and signal crosstalks exist in the five solid tumors. This review provides an innovative summary of the recent progress in research on these signaling pathways, the underlying mechanism of the molecules involved in these pathways, and the important role of some miRNAs in tumor-related signaling pathways. It also presents a brief review of the antitumor molecular drugs that target these signaling pathways. This review may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular biological mechanism of malignant tumors and vital information for the development of new treatment strategies with a focus on efficacy and the reduction of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan He
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoni Shao
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ribu Gihu
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haochen Xie
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfu Zhou
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Cui Y, Wang Q, Lin J, Zhang L, Zhang C, Chen H, Qian J, Luo C. miRNA-193a-3p Regulates the AKT2 Pathway to Inhibit the Growth and Promote the Apoptosis of Glioma Cells by Targeting ALKBH5. Front Oncol 2021; 11:600451. [PMID: 33968717 PMCID: PMC8103841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.600451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that microRNA (miR)-193a-3p is involved in the tumor progression of various cancers. However, the biological functions and precise molecular mechanisms of miR-193a-3p in gliomas have not been well documented. Accordingly, this study focused on the tumor suppressor role and molecular mechanisms of miR-193a-3p in glioma cells. miR-193a-3p expression was determined by qRT-PCR in glioma tissues and cell lines. U251 and U87 glioma cells were transfected with a miR-193a-3p mimic. The effects of miR-193a-3p on cell growth and apoptosis were investigated using MTT, colony-forming, and flow cytometry assays. Overexpression of miR-193a-3p in U87 cells also significantly suppressed tumorigenicity and induced apoptosis in the xenograft mouse model. Luciferase assays were conducted to determine if ALKBH5 is a direct target of miR-193a-3p in glioma cells. Immunoprecipitation was used to explore the interaction between ALKBH5 and RAC-serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (AKT2) in glioma cells. miR-193a-3p was downregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. miR-193a-3p treatment suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis in both U251 and U87 cells. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified a novel miR-193a-3p target, ALKBH5. Notably, the antitumor effect of miR-193a-3p transfection in glioma cells may be due to the miR-193a-3p–induced inhibition of AKT2 expression caused by the suppression of ALKBH5 expression. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation indicated that ALKBH5 physically interacted with AKT2 through an RNA-independent mechanism in glioma cells. miR-193a-3p directly targets ALKBH5 to inhibit the growth and promote the apoptosis of glioma cells by suppressing the AKT2 pathway both in vitro and in vivo, and the physical interaction between ALKBH5 and AKT2 is essential for suppressing cell apoptosis by upregulating miR-193a-3p in glioma cells. Our study revealed that the antitumor effects of miR-193a-3p on glioma cells is due to ALKBH5 mediation of the AKT2-induced intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huairui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Merckaert T, Zwaenepoel O, Gevaert K, Gettemans J. An AKT2-specific nanobody that targets the hydrophobic motif induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy and loss of focal adhesions in MDA-MB-231 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111055. [PMID: 33378961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The AKT kinase family is a high-profile target for cancer therapy. Despite their high degree of homology the three AKT isoforms (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) are non-redundant and can even have opposing functions. Small-molecule AKT inhibitors affect all three isoforms which severely limits their usefulness as research tool or therapeutic. Using AKT2-specific nanobodies we examined the function of endogenous AKT2 in breast cancer cells. Two AKT2 nanobodies (Nb8 and Nb9) modulate AKT2 and reduce MDA-MB-231 cell viability/proliferation. Nb8 binds the AKT2 hydrophobic motif and reduces IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of this site. This nanobody also affects the phosphorylation and/or expression levels of a wide range of proteins downstream of AKT, resulting in a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, the induction of autophagy, a reduction in focal adhesion count and loss of stress fibers. While cell cycle progression is likely to be regulated by more than one isoform, our results indicate that both the effects on autophagy and the cytoskeleton are specific to AKT2. By using an isoform-specific nanobody we were able to map a part of the AKT2 pathway. Our results confirm AKT2 and the hydrophobic motif as targets for cancer therapy. Nb8 can be used as a research tool to study AKT2 signalling events and aid in the design of an AKT2-specific inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs Merckaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Zwaenepoel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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11
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Merckaert T, Zwaenepoel O, Gevaert K, Gettemans J. Development and characterization of protein kinase B/AKT isoform-specific nanobodies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240554. [PMID: 33045011 PMCID: PMC7549812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase AKT is frequently over-activated in cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. As a central node in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which regulates various processes considered to be hallmarks of cancer, this kinase has become a prime target for cancer therapy. However, AKT has proven to be a highly complex target as it comes in three isoforms (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) which are highly homologous, yet non-redundant. The isoform-specific functions of the AKT kinases can be dependent on context (i.e. different types of cancer) and even opposed to one another. To date, there is no isoform-specific inhibitor available and no alternative to genetic approaches to study the function of a single AKT isoform. We have developed and characterized nanobodies that specifically interact with the AKT1 or AKT2 isoforms. These new tools should enable future studies of AKT1 and AKT2 isoform-specific functions. Furthermore, for both isoforms we obtained a nanobody that interferes with the AKT-PIP3-interaction, an essential step in the activation of the kinase. The nanobodies characterized in this study are a new stepping stone towards unravelling AKT isoform-specific signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs Merckaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Zwaenepoel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Nalairndran G, Hassan Abdul Razack A, Mai C, Fei‐Lei Chung F, Chan K, Hii L, Lim W, Chung I, Leong C. Phosphoinositide-dependent Kinase-1 (PDPK1) regulates serum/glucocorticoid-regulated Kinase 3 (SGK3) for prostate cancer cell survival. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12188-12198. [PMID: 32926495 PMCID: PMC7578863 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and is the second leading cause of cancer among men globally. Using a kinome-wide lentiviral small-hairpin RNA (shRNA) library screen, we identified phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1) as a potential mediator of cell survival in PCa cells. We showed that knock-down of endogenous human PDPK1 induced significant tumour-specific cell death in PCa cells (DU145 and PC3) but not in the normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). Further analyses revealed that PDPK1 mediates cancer cell survival predominantly via activation of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3). Knock-down of endogenous PDPK1 in DU145 and PC3 cells significantly reduced SGK3 phosphorylation while ectopic expression of a constitutively active SGK3 completely abrogated the apoptosis induced by PDPK1. In contrast, no such effect was observed in SGK1 and AKT phosphorylation following PDPK1 knock-down. Importantly, PDPK1 inhibitors (GSK2334470 and BX-795) significantly reduced tumour-specific cell growth and synergized docetaxel sensitivity in PCa cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that PDPK1 mediates PCa cells' survival through SGK3 signalling and suggest that inactivation of this PDPK1-SGK3 axis may potentially serve as a novel therapeutic intervention for future treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Nalairndran
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | | | - Chun‐Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Felicia Fei‐Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA)Epigenetics Group (EGE)International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Kok‐Keong Chan
- School of MedicineInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ling‐Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Wei‐Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chee‐Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
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Hinz N, Jücker M. Distinct functions of AKT isoforms in breast cancer: a comprehensive review. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:154. [PMID: 31752925 PMCID: PMC6873690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT, also known as protein kinase B, is a key element of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, AKT regulates the hallmarks of cancer, e.g. tumor growth, survival and invasiveness of tumor cells. After AKT was discovered in the early 1990s, further studies revealed that there are three different AKT isoforms, namely AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. Despite their high similarity of 80%, the distinct AKT isoforms exert non-redundant, partly even opposing effects under physiological and pathological conditions. Breast cancer as the most common cancer entity in women, frequently shows alterations of the PI3K/AKT signaling. MAIN CONTENT A plethora of studies addressed the impact of AKT isoforms on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer as well as on therapy response and overall survival in patients. Therefore, this review aimed to give a comprehensive overview about the isoform-specific effects of AKT in breast cancer and to summarize known downstream and upstream mechanisms. Taking account of conflicting findings among the studies, the majority of the studies reported a tumor initiating role of AKT1, whereas AKT2 is mainly responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. In detail, AKT1 increases cell proliferation through cell cycle proteins like p21, p27 and cyclin D1 and impairs apoptosis e.g. via p53. On the downside AKT1 decreases migration of breast cancer cells, for instance by regulating TSC2, palladin and EMT-proteins. However, AKT2 promotes migration and invasion most notably through regulation of β-integrins, EMT-proteins and F-actin. Whilst AKT3 is associated with a negative ER-status, findings about the role of AKT3 in regulation of the key properties of breast cancer are sparse. Accordingly, AKT1 is mutated and AKT2 is amplified in some cases of breast cancer and AKT isoforms are associated with overall survival and therapy response in an isoform-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Although there are several discussed hypotheses how isoform specificity is achieved, the mechanisms behind the isoform-specific effects remain mostly unrevealed. As a consequence, further effort is necessary to achieve deeper insights into an isoform-specific AKT signaling in breast cancer and the mechanism behind it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hinz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Akt1 and Akt2 Isoforms Play Distinct Roles in Regulating the Development of Inflammation and Fibrosis Associated with Alcoholic Liver Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111337. [PMID: 31671832 PMCID: PMC6912497 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt kinase isoforms (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3) have generally been thought to play overlapping roles in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated-signaling. However, recent studies have suggested that they display isoform-specific roles in muscle and fat. To determine whether such isoform-specificity is observed with respect to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) progression, we examined the role of Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 in hepatic inflammation, and pro-fibrogenic proliferation and migration using Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSC), and hepatocytes in an ethanol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced two-hit model in vitro and in vivo. We determined that siRNA-directed silencing of Akt2, but not Akt1, significantly suppressed cell inflammatory markers in HSC and Kupffer cells. Although both Akt1 and Akt2 inhibited cell proliferation in HSC, only Akt2 inhibited cell migration. Both Akt1 and Akt2, but not Akt3, inhibited fibrogenesis in hepatocytes and HSC. In addition, our in vivo results show that administration of chronic ethanol, binge ethanol and LPS (EBL) in wild-type C57BL/6 mice activated all three Akt isoforms with concomitant increases in activated forms of phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1 (PDK1), mammalian target-of-rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), and PI3K, resulting in upregulation in expression of inflammatory, proliferative, and fibrogenic genes. Moreover, pharmacological blocking of Akt2, but not Akt1, inhibited EBL-induced inflammation while blocking of both Akt1 and Akt2 inhibited pro-fibrogenic marker expression and progression of fibrosis. Our findings indicate that Akt isoforms play unique roles in inflammation, cell proliferation, migration, and fibrogenesis during EBL-induced liver injury. Thus, close attention must be paid when targeting all Akt isoforms as a therapeutic intervention.
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Bertacchini J, Mediani L, Beretti F, Guida M, Ghalali A, Brugnoli F, Bertagnolo V, Petricoin E, Poti F, Arioli J, Anselmi L, Bari A, McCubrey J, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Capitani S, Marmiroli S. Clusterin enhances AKT2‐mediated motility of normal and cancer prostate cells through a PTEN and PHLPP1 circuit. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11188-11199. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Laura Mediani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry, and Morphology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Marianna Guida
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Aram Ghalali
- Institute of Environment Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Federica Brugnoli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics & Molecular Medicine, GMU Fairfax Virginia
| | - Francesco Poti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery‐Unit of Neurosciences University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Jessica Arioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Alessia Bari
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health Program of Innovative Therapy in Oncology and Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
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Gawronski AR, Uhl M, Zhang Y, Lin YY, Niknafs YS, Ramnarine VR, Malik R, Feng F, Chinnaiyan AM, Collins CC, Sahinalp SC, Backofen R. MechRNA: prediction of lncRNA mechanisms from RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:3101-3110. [PMID: 29617966 PMCID: PMC6137976 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as transcripts longer than 200 nt that do not get translated into proteins. Often these transcripts are processed (spliced, capped and polyadenylated) and some are known to have important biological functions. However, most lncRNAs have unknown or poorly understood functions. Nevertheless, because of their potential role in cancer, lncRNAs are receiving a lot of attention, and the need for computational tools to predict their possible mechanisms of action is more than ever. Fundamentally, most of the known lncRNA mechanisms involve RNA-RNA and/or RNA-protein interactions. Through accurate predictions of each kind of interaction and integration of these predictions, it is possible to elucidate potential mechanisms for a given lncRNA. Results Here, we introduce MechRNA, a pipeline for corroborating RNA-RNA interaction prediction and protein binding prediction for identifying possible lncRNA mechanisms involving specific targets or on a transcriptome-wide scale. The first stage uses a version of IntaRNA2 with added functionality for efficient prediction of RNA-RNA interactions with very long input sequences, allowing for large-scale analysis of lncRNA interactions with little or no loss of optimality. The second stage integrates protein binding information pre-computed by GraphProt, for both the lncRNA and the target. The final stage involves inferring the most likely mechanism for each lncRNA/target pair. This is achieved by generating candidate mechanisms from the predicted interactions, the relative locations of these interactions and correlation data, followed by selection of the most likely mechanistic explanation using a combined P-value. We applied MechRNA on a number of recently identified cancer-related lncRNAs (PCAT1, PCAT29 and ARLnc1) and also on two well-studied lncRNAs (PCA3 and 7SL). This led to the identification of hundreds of high confidence potential targets for each lncRNA and corresponding mechanisms. These predictions include the known competitive mechanism of 7SL with HuR for binding on the tumor suppressor TP53, as well as mechanisms expanding what is known about PCAT1 and ARLn1 and their targets BRCA2 and AR, respectively. For PCAT1-BRCA2, the mechanism involves competitive binding with HuR, which we confirmed using HuR immunoprecipitation assays. Availability and implementation MechRNA is available for download at https://bitbucket.org/compbio/mechrna. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Uhl
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Yajia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yen-Yi Lin
- Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Rohit Malik
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - S Cenk Sahinalp
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Pinton G, Zonca S, Manente AG, Cavaletto M, Borroni E, Daga A, Jithesh PV, Fennell D, Nilsson S, Moro L. SIRT1 at the crossroads of AKT1 and ERβ in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14366-79. [PMID: 26885609 PMCID: PMC4924721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we show that malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients whose tumors express high levels of AKT1 exhibit a significantly worse prognosis, whereas no significant correlation with AKT3 expression is observed. We provide data that establish a phosphorylation independent role of AKT1 in affecting MPM cell shape and anchorage independent cell growth in vitro and highlight the AKT1 isoform-specific nature of these effects. We describe that AKT1 activity is inhibited by the loss of SIRT1-mediated deacetylation and identify, by mass spectrometry, 11 unique proteins that interact with acetylated AKT1. Our data demonstrate a role of the AKT1/SIRT1/FOXM1 axis in the expression of the tumor suppressor ERβ. We further demonstrate an inhibitory feedback loop by ERβ, activated by the selective agonist KB9520, on this axis both in vitro and in vivo. Our data broaden the current knowledge of ERβ and AKT isoform-specific functions that could be valuable in the design of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pinton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Zonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Arcangela G Manente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Cavaletto
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ester Borroni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS San Martino-IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Puthen V Jithesh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dean Fennell
- Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK
| | - Stefan Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Karo Bio AB, Novum, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Moro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy
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18
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Prohibitin-2 negatively regulates AKT2 expression to promote prostate cancer cell migration. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1147-1155. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Rao G, Pierobon M, Kim IK, Hsu WH, Deng J, Moon YW, Petricoin EF, Zhang YW, Wang Y, Giaccone G. Inhibition of AKT1 signaling promotes invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells with K-RAS or EGFR mutations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7066. [PMID: 28765579 PMCID: PMC5539338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports a role of the PI3K-AKT pathway in the regulation of cell motility, invasion and metastasis. AKT activation is known to promote metastasis, however under certain circumstances, it also shows an inhibitory activity on metastatic processes, and the cause of such conflicting results is largely unclear. Here we found that AKT1 is an important regulator of metastasis and down-regulation of its activity is associated with increased metastatic potential of A549 cells. Inhibition of AKT1 enhanced migration and invasion in KRAS- or EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The allosteric AKT inhibitor MK-2206 promoted metastasis of KRAS-mutated A549 cells in vivo. We next identified that the phosphorylation of Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and LAMC2 protein level were increased with AKT1 inhibition, and MARCKS or LAMC2 knockdown abrogated migration and invasion induced by AKT1 inhibition. This study unravels an anti-metastatic role of AKT1 in the NSCLC cells with KRAS or EGFR mutations, and establishes an AKT1-MARCKS-LAMC2 feedback loop in this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Rao
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - In-Kyu Kim
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wei-Hsun Hsu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jianghong Deng
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Yong-Wha Moon
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Zhang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yisong Wang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Akt as a target for cancer therapy: more is not always better (lessons from studies in mice). Br J Cancer 2017; 117:159-163. [PMID: 28557977 PMCID: PMC5520506 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt signalling pathway is one of the most frequently altered signalling networks in human cancers and has become an attractive target in anticancer therapy. Several drugs targeting this pathway are currently in different phases of clinical trials. However, accumulating reports suggest that adverse effects such as hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia accompany treatment with pan-PI3K and pan-Akt inhibitors. Thus, understanding the consequences of the systemic deletion or inhibition of Akt activity in vivo is imperative. Three Akt isoforms may individually affect different cancer cells in culture to varying degrees that could suggest specific targeting of different Akt isoforms for different types of cancer. However, the results obtained in cell culture do not address the consequences of Akt isoform inhibition at the organismal level and consequently fail to predict the feasibility of targeting these isoforms for cancer therapy. This review summarises and discusses the consequences of genetic deletions of Akt isoforms in adult mice and their implications for cancer therapy. Whereas combined Akt1 and Akt2 rapidly induced mortality, hepatic Akt inhibition induced liver injury that promotes hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings may explain some of the side effects exerted by pan-PI3K and pan-Akt inhibitors and suggest that close attention must be paid when targeting all Akt isoforms as a therapeutic intervention.
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21
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78495111110.3390/cancers9050052" />
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Wee P, Wang Z. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Cell Proliferation Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050052. [PMID: 28513565 PMCID: PMC5447962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 971] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Regulation of PI3K effector signalling in cancer by the phosphoinositide phosphatases. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160432. [PMID: 28082369 PMCID: PMC5301276 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) generates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) at the plasma membrane in response to growth factors, activating a signalling cascade that regulates many cellular functions including cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration and metabolism. The PI3K pathway is commonly dysregulated in human cancer, and drives tumorigenesis by promoting aberrant cell growth and transformation. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 facilitates the activation of many pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing proteins including the serine/threonine kinase AKT. There are three AKT isoforms that are frequently hyperactivated in cancer through mutation, amplification or dysregulation of upstream regulatory proteins. AKT isoforms have converging and opposing functions in tumorigenesis. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 signalling is degraded and terminated by phosphoinositide phosphatases such as phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), proline-rich inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (PIPP) (INPP5J) and inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B). PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 is rapidly hydrolysed by PIPP to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2), which is further hydrolysed by INPP4B to form phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). PtdIns(3,4)P2 and PtdIns3P are also important signalling molecules; PtdIns(3,4)P2 together with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are required for maximal AKT activation and PtdIns3P activates PI3K-dependent serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK3) signalling. Loss of Pten, Pipp or Inpp4b expression or function promotes tumour growth in murine cancer models through enhanced AKT isoform-specific signalling. INPP4B inhibits PtdIns(3,4)P2-mediated AKT activation in breast and prostate cancer; however, INPP4B expression is increased in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), melanoma and colon cancer where it paradoxically promotes cell proliferation, transformation and/or drug resistance. This review will discuss how PTEN, PIPP and INPP4B distinctly regulate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 signalling downstream of PI3K and how dysregulation of these phosphatases affects cancer outcomes.
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Akhtar N, Jabeen I. A 2D-QSAR and Grid-Independent Molecular Descriptor (GRIND) Analysis of Quinoline-Type Inhibitors of Akt2: Exploration of the Binding Mode in the Pleckstrin Homology (PH) Domain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168806. [PMID: 28036396 PMCID: PMC5201309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B-β (PKBβ/Akt2) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that has emerged as one of the most important regulators of cell growth, differentiation, and division. Upregulation of Akt2 in various human carcinomas, including ovarian, breast, and pancreatic, is a well-known tumorigenesis phenomenon. Early on, the concept of the simultaneous administration of anticancer drugs with inhibitors of Akt2 was advocated to overcome cell proliferation in the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. However, clinical studies have not lived up to the high expectations, and several phase II and phase III clinical studies have been terminated prematurely because of severe side effects related to the non-selective isomeric inhibition of Akt2. The notion that the sequence identity of pleckstrin homology (PH) domains within Akt-isoforms is less than 30% might indicate the possibility of the development of selective antagonists against the Akt2 PH domain. Therefore, in this study, various in silico tools were utilized to explore the hypothesis that quinoline-type inhibitors bind in the Akt2 PH domain. A Grid-Independent Molecular Descriptor (GRIND) analysis indicated that two hydrogen bond acceptors, two hydrogen bond donors and one hydrophobic feature at a certain distance from each other were important for the selective inhibition of Akt2. Our docking results delineated the importance of Lys30 as an anchor point for mapping the distances of important amino acid residues in the binding pocket, including Lys14, Glu17, Arg25, Asn53, Asn54 and Arg86. The binding regions identified complement the GRIND-based pharmacophoric features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Akhtar
- Research Centre for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- Research Centre for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Lin HP, Lin CY, Huo C, Jan YJ, Tseng JC, Jiang SS, Kuo YY, Chen SC, Wang CT, Chan TM, Liou JY, Wang J, Chang WSW, Chang CH, Kung HJ, Chuu CP. AKT3 promotes prostate cancer proliferation cells through regulation of Akt, B-Raf, and TSC1/TSC2. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27097-112. [PMID: 26318033 PMCID: PMC4694976 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The qRT-PCR analysis of 139 clinical samples and analysis of 150 on-line database clinical samples indicated that AKT3 mRNA expression level was elevated in primary prostate tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of 65 clinical samples revealed that AKT3 protein expression was higher in prostate tumors of stage I, II, III as compared to nearby normal tissues. Plasmid overexpression of AKT3 promoted cell proliferation of LNCaP, PC-3, DU-145, and CA-HPV-10 human prostate cancer (PCa) cells, while knockdown of AKT3 by siRNA reduced cell proliferation. Overexpression of AKT3 increased the protein expression of total AKT, phospho-AKT S473, phospho-AKT T308, B-Raf, c-Myc, Skp2, cyclin E, GSK3β, phospho-GSK3β S9, phospho-mTOR S2448, and phospho-p70S6K T421/S424, but decreased TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis 1) and TSC2 (tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2) proteins in PC-3 PCa cells. Overexpression of AKT3 also increased protein abundance of phospho-AKT S473, phospho-AKT T308, and B-Raf but decreased expression of TSC1 and TSC2 proteins in LNCaP, DU-145, and CA-HPV-10 PCa cells. Oncomine datasets analysis suggested that AKT3 mRNA level was positively correlated to BRAF. Knockdown of AKT3 in DU-145 cells with siRNA increased the sensitivity of DU-145 cells to B-Raf inhibitor treatment. Knockdown of TSC1 or TSC2 promoted the proliferation of PCa cells. Our observations implied that AKT3 may be a potential therapeutic target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Huo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Medical College of Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chih Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Chan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - John Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Shaing Wayne Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ho Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Graduate Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Ph.D. program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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26
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Experimental and DFT characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of a Cu(II)-irbesartan complex: structure-antihypertensive activity relationships in Cu(II)-sartan complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:851-63. [PMID: 27507083 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination compound of the antihypertensive ligand irbesartan (irb) with copper(II) (CuIrb) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, FT-Raman, UV-visible, reflectance and EPR spectroscopies. Experimental evidence allowed the implementation of structural and vibrational studies by theoretical calculations made in the light of the density functional theory (DFT). This compound was designed to induce structural modifications on the ligand. No antioxidant effects were displayed by both compounds, though CuIrb behaved as a weak 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(·)) scavenger (IC50 = 425 μM). The measurements of the contractile capacity on human mesangial cell lines showed that CuIrb improved the antihypertensive effects of the parent medication. In vitro cell growth inhibition against prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and DU 145) was measured for CuIrb, irbesartan and copper(II). These cell lines have been selected since the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor (that was blocked by the angiotensin receptor blockers, ARB) has been identified in them. The complex exerted anticancer behavior (at 100 μM) improving the activity of the ligand. Flow cytometry determinations were used to determine late apoptotic mechanisms of cell death. Experimental and DFT characterization of an irbesartan copper(II) complex has been performed. The complex exhibits low scavenging activity against DPPH(·) and significant growth inhibition of LNCaP and DU 145 prostate cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry determinations were used to determine late apoptotic mechanisms of cell death. This compound improved the antihypertensive effect of irbesartan. This effect was observed earlier for the mononuclear Cu-candesartan complex, but not in structurally modified sartans forming dinuclear or octanuclear Cu-sartan compounds.
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27
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Phosphatidylinositol (3,4) bisphosphate-specific phosphatases and effector proteins: A distinct branch of PI3K signaling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1789-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Liu JB, Dai CM, Su XY, Cao L, Qin R, Kong QB. Gene microarray assessment of multiple genes and signal pathways involved in androgen-dependent prostate cancer becoming androgen independent. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9791-5. [PMID: 25520106 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.9791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the gene expression change and possible signal pathway during androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) becoming androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), an LNCaP cell model of AIPC was established using flutamide in combination with androgen-free environment inducement, and differential expression genes were screened by microarray. Then the biological process, molecular function and KEGG pathway of differential expression genes are analyzed by Molecule Annotation System (MAS). By comparison of 12,207 expression genes, 347 expression genes were acquired, of which 156 were up-ragulated and 191 down-regulated. After analyzing the biological process and molecule function of differential expression genes, these genes are found to play crucial roles in cell proliferation, differntiation, cell cycle control, protein metabolism and modification and other biological process, serve as signal molecules, enzymes, peptide hormones, cytokines, cytoskeletal proteins and adhesion molecules. The analysis of KEGG show that the relevant genes of AIPC transformation participate in glutathione metabolism, cell cycle, P53 signal pathway, cytochrome P450 metabolism, Hedgehog signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, adipocytokines signal pathway, PPAR signal pathway, TGF-β signal pathway and JAK-STAT signal pathway. In conclusion, during the process of ADPC becoming AIPC, it is not only one specific gene or pathway, but multiple genes and pathways that change. The findings above lay the foundation for study of AIPC mechanism and development of AIPC targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bao Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China E-mail :
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29
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Attoub S, Arafat K, Kamel Hammadi N, Mester J, Gaben AM. Akt2 knock-down reveals its contribution to human lung cancer cell proliferation, growth, motility, invasion and endothelial cell tube formation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12759. [PMID: 26234648 PMCID: PMC4522680 DOI: 10.1038/srep12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Akt/PKB serine/threonine protein kinase consists of three isoforms: Akt-1, -2 and -3. Their overexpression has been detected in human cancers, but their roles in cancer progression are unclear. We investigated the impact of specific silencing of Akt1 and Akt2 on human lung cancer cell proliferation, colony growth, motility, and invasion in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo using human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cells LNM35, and on the vascular tube formation using HUVEC cells. Although silencing of Akt1 decreased cellular invasion at least in part via COX-2 inhibition, it had almost no effect on cell motility, proliferation, colony formation, and angiogenesis. Transient as well as stable silencing of Akt2 resulted in a strong inhibition of Rb phosphorylation associated with a decrease in cellular proliferation and colony formation, leading to the inhibition of tumor growth in the xenograft model. Silencing of Akt2 also reduced cellular motility and invasion in vitro, presumably via COX-2 inhibition. Moreover, silencing of Akt2 in the HUVEC cells resulted in the inhibition of their spontaneous angiogenic phenotype. Altogether, these results indicate that Akt2 plays an important role in lung cancer progression and can be a promising target for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, College of Medicine &Health Sciences, UAE University, P. O. Box: 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,INSERM U673 and U938, Molecular and Clinical Oncology of Solid Tumors, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris VI, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Kholoud Arafat
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, College of Medicine &Health Sciences, UAE University, P. O. Box: 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasseredine Kamel Hammadi
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, College of Medicine &Health Sciences, UAE University, P. O. Box: 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jan Mester
- INSERM U673 and U938, Molecular and Clinical Oncology of Solid Tumors, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris VI, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Anne-Marie Gaben
- INSERM U673 and U938, Molecular and Clinical Oncology of Solid Tumors, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris VI, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
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30
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Imache MR, Pawlotsky JM, Lerat H. Isoform-specific activation of Akt involvement in hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepat Oncol 2015; 2:213-216. [PMID: 30191001 DOI: 10.2217/hep.15.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Imache
- Inserm U955, Team 18, 94010 Créteil, France.,Inserm U955, Team 18, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Inserm U955, Team 18, 94010 Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Henri Mondor - A. Chenevier Hospital, Department of Virology, Bacteriology-Hygiene & Mycology-Parasitology, 94010 Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil, France.,Inserm U955, Team 18, 94010 Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Henri Mondor - A. Chenevier Hospital, Department of Virology, Bacteriology-Hygiene & Mycology-Parasitology, 94010 Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Hervé Lerat
- Inserm U955, Team 18, 94010 Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil, France.,Inserm U955, Team 18, 94010 Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil, France
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31
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Ferraldeschi R, Welti J, Luo J, Attard G, de Bono JS. Targeting the androgen receptor pathway in castration-resistant prostate cancer: progresses and prospects. Oncogene 2015; 34:1745-57. [PMID: 24837363 PMCID: PMC4333106 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a critical pathway for prostate cancer cells, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the principal treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic disease. However, over time, most tumors become resistant to ADT. The view of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has changed dramatically in the last several years. Progress in understanding the disease biology and mechanisms of castration resistance led to significant advancements and to paradigm shift in the treatment. Accumulating evidence showed that prostate cancers develop adaptive mechanisms for maintaining AR signaling to allow for survival and further evolution. The aim of this review is to summarize molecular mechanisms of castration resistance and provide an update in the development of novel agents and strategies to more effectively target the AR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferraldeschi
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - J Welti
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - J Luo
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Attard
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - JS de Bono
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
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32
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de la Encarnación A, Alquézar C, Esteras N, Martín-Requero Á. Progranulin Deficiency Reduces CDK4/6/pRb Activation and Survival of Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1714-1725. [PMID: 25377796 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Null mutations in GRN are associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP). However, the influence of progranulin (PGRN) deficiency in neurodegeneration is largely unknown. In neuroblastoma cells, silencing of GRN gene causes significantly reduced cell survival after serum withdrawal. The following observations suggest that alterations of the CDK4/6/retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway, secondary to changes in PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 activation induced by PGRN deficiency, are involved in the control of serum deprivation-induced apoptosis: (i) inhibiting CDK4/6 levels or their associated kinase activity by sodium butyrate or PD332991 sensitized control SH-SY5Y cells to serum deprivation-induced apoptosis without affecting survival of PGRN-deficient cells; (ii) CDK4/6/pRb seems to be downstream of the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways since their specific inhibitors, LY294002 and PD98059, were able to decrease CDK6-associated kinase activity and induce death of control SH-SY5Y cells; (iii) PGRN-deficient cells show reduced stimulation of PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, and CDK4/6 activities compared with control cells in the absence of serum; and (iv) supplementation of recombinant human PGRN was able to rescue survival of PGRN-deficient cells. These observations highlight the important role of PGRN-mediated stimulation of the PI3K/Akt-ERK1/2/CDK4/6/pRb pathway in determining the cell fate survival/death under serum deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana de la Encarnación
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Alquézar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Monforte de Lemos 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Esteras
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ángeles Martín-Requero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Monforte de Lemos 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Khabele D, Kabir SM, Dong Y, Lee E, Rice VM, Son DS. Preferential effect of akt2-dependent signaling on the cellular viability of ovarian cancer cells in response to EGF. J Cancer 2014; 5:670-8. [PMID: 25258648 PMCID: PMC4174511 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with the malignant phenotype in many cancers including ovarian cancer, which leads to increased cell proliferation and survival. In spite of emerging EGFR inhibitors as a potentially useful agent, they are largely ineffective in patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancers. Since Akt as a key downstream factor of EGFR is highly activated in some high grade serous ovarian tumors, the augmented Akt activation may attribute to irregular EGFR-mediated signaling observed in ovarian cancer. Here we investigated the differential effect of Akt on the EGF-induced cell viability in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS Cellular viability assay and western blot analysis were used to measure cell viability and expression levels of proteins, respectively. Knockdown of Akt was achieved with siRNA and stable transfection of expression vectors was performed. RESULTS Cellular viability increased in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells exposed to EGF, but little to no difference was observed in the 5 other ovarian cancer cells including SKOV-3 cells despite of the expression of EGFR. In OVCAR-3 cells, EGF activated Erk and Akt, but an Erk inhibitor had no impact on cellular viability. On the other hand, the EGFR and PI3K inhibitors decreased EGF-induced cellular viability, indicating the involvement of Akt signaling. Although EGF activated Erk in SKOV-3 cells, the Akt activation was very weak as compared to OVCAR-3 cells. Furthermore, we observed a different expression of Akt isoforms: Akt1 was constitutively expressed in all tested ovarian cancer cells, while Akt3 was little expressed. Interestingly, Akt2 was highly expressed in OVCAR-3 cells. Knockdown of Akt2 blocked EGF-induced OVCAR-3 cell viability whereas knockdown for Akt1 and Erk1/2 had no significant effect. Stable transfection of Akt2 into SKOV-3 cells phosphorylated more Akt and enhanced cell viability in response to EGF. CONCLUSIONS Akt2-dependent signaling appears to play an important role in EGFR-mediated cellular viability in ovarian cancer and targeting specific Akt isoform may provide a potential therapeutic approach for EGFR-expressing ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dineo Khabele
- 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Syeda M Kabir
- 2. Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- 2. Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eunsook Lee
- 3. Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Deok-Soo Son
- 2. Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
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34
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Girardi C, James P, Zanin S, Pinna LA, Ruzzene M. Differential phosphorylation of Akt1 and Akt2 by protein kinase CK2 may account for isoform specific functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1865-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Islas MS, Martínez Medina JJ, López Tévez LL, Rojo T, Lezama L, Griera Merino M, Calleros L, Cortes MA, Rodriguez Puyol M, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Ferrer EG, Williams PAM. Antitumoral, Antihypertensive, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Effects of an Octanuclear Copper(II)-Telmisartan Complex with an Hydrophobic Nanometer Hole. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5724-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500483p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María S. Islas
- Centro de Química Inorgánica
(CEQUINOR/CONICET/UNLP)- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan J. Martínez Medina
- Departamento
de Química, UNCAUS, Cte. Fernández 755 (3700), Roque Saénz Peña, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Libertad L. López Tévez
- Departamento
de Química, UNCAUS, Cte. Fernández 755 (3700), Roque Saénz Peña, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Teófilo Rojo
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mercedes Griera Merino
- Departamento de
Fisiología, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Calleros
- Departamento de
Fisiología, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Cortes
- Departamento de
Fisiología, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez Puyol
- Departamento de
Fisiología, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo A. Echeverría
- Departamento de Física,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- Institute IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), C. C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Piro
- Departamento de Física,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- Institute IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), C. C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Evelina G. Ferrer
- Centro de Química Inorgánica
(CEQUINOR/CONICET/UNLP)- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia A. M. Williams
- Centro de Química Inorgánica
(CEQUINOR/CONICET/UNLP)- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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36
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Ninio-Many L, Grossman H, Levi M, Zilber S, Tsarfaty I, Shomron N, Tuvar A, Chuderland D, Stemmer SM, Ben-Aharon I, Shalgi R. MicroRNA miR-125a-3p modulates molecular pathway of motility and migration in prostate cancer cells. Oncoscience 2014; 1:250-261. [PMID: 25594017 PMCID: PMC4278297 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fyn kinase is implicated in prostate cancer. We illustrate the role of miR-125a-3p in cellular pathways accounted for motility and migration of prostate cancer cells, probably through its regulation on Fyn expression and Fyn-downstream proteins. Prostate cancer PC3 cells were transiently transfected with empty miR-Vec (control) or with miR-125a-3p. Overexpression of miR-125a-3p reduced migration of PC3 cells and increased apoptosis. Live cell confocal imaging indicated that overexpression of miR-125a-3p reduced the cells' track speed and length and impaired phenotype. Fyn, FAK and paxillin, displayed reduced activity following miR-125a-3p overexpression. Accordingly, actin rearrangement and cells' protrusion formation were impaired. An inverse correlation between miR-125a-3p and Gleason score was observed in human prostate cancer tissues. Our study demonstrated that miR-125a-3p may regulate migration of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Ninio-Many
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.,This work was performed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Ph.D. degree of Lihi Ninio-Many, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hadas Grossman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Mattan Levi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Sofia Zilber
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tiqva, Israel
| | - Ilan Tsarfaty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Anna Tuvar
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tiqva, Israel
| | - Dana Chuderland
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Salomon M Stemmer
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tiqva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Irit Ben-Aharon
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tiqva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ruth Shalgi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Chen L, Kang QH, Chen Y, Zhang YH, Li Q, Xie SQ, Wang CJ. Distinct roles of Akt1 in regulating proliferation, migration and invasion in HepG2 and HCT 116 cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:737-44. [PMID: 24297510 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of genes involved in tumors may improve therapeutic strategies for human cancer. Recently, several studies discovered that Akt1 plays a dual role in mediating cell proliferation, migration and invasion, depending on the cell type. However, the pathophysiological role of Akt1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal carcinoma cells remains poorly understood. In the present study, we transfected the Akt1-expressing plasmids into the tumor cells that expressed only low levels of Akt1. The migration and invasion abilities were analyzed in 24-well Boyden chambers. The expression of proteins was detected using western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of Akt1 significantly enhanced the proliferation rates and promoted the colony formation in both HepG2 and HCT 116 cells. When treated with wortmannin, the ability to form colonies was significantly attenuated in both cell lines. Of note, enforced expression of Akt1 induced HepG2 cell migration and invasion; by contrast, upregulation of Akt1 expression suppressed the migration and invasion of HCT 116 cells. Subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that upregulation of Akt1 markedly induced the expression of Bcl-2 and NF-κB in both types of tumor cells. Notably, we observed a similar increase of MMP2, MMP9, HIF1α and VEGF in HCC cells, whereas Akt1 significantly suppressed the expression of these molecules in colorectal carcinoma cells. These data suggest a dual role for Akt1 in tumor cell migration and invasion and highlight the cell type-specific actions of Akt1 kinases in the regulation of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Hui Kang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Song-Qiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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van de Luijtgaarden ACM, Roeffen MHS, Leus MA, Flucke UE, Schreuder BHWB, van der Graaf WTA, Versleijen-Jonkers YMH. IGF signaling pathway analysis of osteosarcomas reveals the prognostic value of pAKT localization. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1733-40. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the IGF signaling pathway components in osteosarcoma samples before and after chemotherapy with special emphasis on their prognostic value. Materials & methods: Tumor material and follow-up data of 58 osteosarcoma patients were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to identify proteins related to the IGF pathway. Changes in protein expression during treatment, correlations between proteins and subsequent influence on survival were tested. Results: Proteins of the IGF signaling system are widely expressed in osteosarcoma samples. We demonstrate a change in expression of intracellular pathway proteins after chemotherapy. Remarkably, cytoplasmic pAKT, but not nuclear pAKT, is associated with poor survival. Conclusion: IGF pathway proteins seem to be widely activated in osteosarcoma, but their expression changes after chemotherapy. This has implications for the timing of both measuring target expression and pathway interference. Our observations on the prognostic value of cytoplasmic pAKT warrant further investigation while considering the introduction of AKT inhibitors for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addy CM van de Luijtgaarden
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa HS Roeffen
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Manon A Leus
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Uta E Flucke
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, Internal postal code 824, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart HWB Schreuder
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Internal postal code 357, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Winette TA van der Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne MH Versleijen-Jonkers
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Internal Postal Code 452, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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