1
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Chen K, Yu G. Tetrahydroalstonine possesses protective potentials on palmitic acid stimulated SK-N-MC cells by suppression of Aβ1-42 and tau through regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176251. [PMID: 38061471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. The morbidity of Alzheimer's disease is currently on the rise worldwide, but no effective treatment is available. Cornus officinalis is an herb and edible plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, whose extract has neuroprotective properties. In this investigation, we endeavored to refine a systems pharmacology strategy combining bioinformatics analysis, drug prediction, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to screen tetrahydroalstonine (THA) from Cornus officinalis as a therapeutic component for AD. Subsequent in vitro experiments were validated using MTT assay, Annexin V-PI flow cytometry, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. In Palmitate acid-induced SK-N-MC cells, THA restored the impaired PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, regulated insulin resistance, and attenuated BACE1 and GSK3β activity. In addition, THA significantly reduced cell apoptosis rate, down-regulated relative levels of p-JNK/JNK, Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome C, active caspase-3 and caspase-3, and attenuated Palmitate acid-induced Aβ1-42 and Tau generation. THA may regulate the phenotype of AD and reduce cell apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This systematic analysis provides new ramifications concerning the therapeutic utility of tetrahydroalstonine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Guran Yu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
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2
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Tang D, Quan C, Huang S, Wei F. Integrating LC-MS and HS-GC-MS for the metabolite characterization of the Chinese medicinal plant Platostoma palustre under different processing methods. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1181942. [PMID: 37275652 PMCID: PMC10235517 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1181942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platostoma palustre (or Mesona chinensis Benth) is an important medicinal and edible plant in China and Southeast Asian countries. To study the effects of different processing methods on the quality, nutrition, and flavor of P. palustre, we adopted the LC-MS and HS-GC-MS to compare the influences of tedding (S), sweating (M), and drying (H) on the metabolites and volatile substances of P. palustre. Biochemical determinations revealed that the M treatment could promote the accumulation of the contents of total sugar, soluble sugar, and total pectin compared with the H and S treatments but decrease the total flavonoid contents. LC-MS and HS-GC-MS uncovered 98 differential metabolites and 27 differential volatile substances among the three treatments, respectively. Overall, the M treatment facilitated the stabilization and improvement of the quality of polysaccharides and volatile substances, while the H treatment could promote the level of amino acids in P. palustre. The current study provided a theoretical reference for establishing standardized processing methods and sustaining the quality stability of P. palustre in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Center, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Changqian Quan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Center, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Suhua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Center, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
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3
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Song W, Xu Z, Gao P, Liu X. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Essential Oils from Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) Ohashi. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062734. [PMID: 36985706 PMCID: PMC10055730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the chemical compositions of essential oils (EOs) from Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) Ohashi and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity under the comprehensive influence of chemical components. The essential oils were extracted from T. triquetrum (L.) Ohashi by hydrodistillation. A total of 58 organic compounds were identified by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. The major components of T. triquetrum (L.) Ohashi EOs were identified as palmitic acid (22.46%), 1-Octen-3-ol (14.07%), Caryophyllene (7.20%), (Z)-18-Octadec-9-enolide (6.04%), and 3-Hexen-1-ol (4.55%). The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was determined by using ABTS assay, DPPH assay, and FRAP assay, with IC50 values of 2.12 ± 0.05 mg/mL, 4.73 ± 0.91 mg/mL against the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP value 117.42 ± 8.10 mM/g. The result showed that it had moderate antioxidant activities in the experiment, which why it is likely that it will be used as an antioxidant. At the same time, the EOs also showed moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. This study expands the chemical and biological knowledge of the EOs of T. triquetrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Song
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Ziyue Xu
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Peizhong Gao
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
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4
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Lopez DL, Casillas OE, Jaramillo HJ, Romero-Garcia T, Vazquez-Jimenez JG. AT1 receptor downregulation: A mechanism for improving glucose homeostasis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:170-178. [PMID: 37035227 PMCID: PMC10075037 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pathophysiological correlation between arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, established since the pre-diabetic state in the entity known as insulin resistance. It is known that high concentrations of angiotensin-II enable chronic activation of the AT1 receptor, promoting sustained vasoconstriction and the consequent development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, the chronic activation of the AT1 receptor has been associated with the development of insulin resistance. From a molecular outlook, the AT1 receptor signaling pathway can activate the JNK kinase. Once activated, this kinase can block the insulin signaling pathway, favoring the resistance to this hormone. In accordance with the previously mentioned mechanisms, the negative regulation of the AT1 receptor could have beneficial effects in treating metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review explains the clinical correlation of the metabolic response that diabetic patients present when receiving negatively regulatory drugs of the AT1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Mexicali, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Oscar E Casillas
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Hiram J Jaramillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Mexicali, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Garcia
- Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21289, Baja California, Mexico
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5
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Sharifi S, Böger M, Lortz S, Mehmeti I. Luminal H 2 O 2 promotes ER Ca 2+ dysregulation and toxicity of palmitate in insulin-secreting INS-1E cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22685. [PMID: 36468845 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201237r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen is not only the major site for the assembly and folding of newly synthesized proteins but also the main intracellular Ca2+ store. Ca2+ ions are involved in versatile biochemical processes, including posttranslational processing and folding of nascent proteins. Disruption of ER Ca2+ homeostasis is usually accompanied by an ER stress response that can ultimately lead to apoptosis if unresolved. Abnormal ER Ca2+ depletion has been linked to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death under lipotoxic conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms how the β-cell toxic saturated free fatty acid palmitate perturbs ER Ca2+ homeostasis and its interplay with other organelles are not fully understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment of insulin-secreting INS-1E cells with palmitate diminished ER Ca2+ levels, elevated cytosolic/mitochondrial Ca2+ content, lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP content. In addition, palmitate-pretreated β-cells contained significantly less luminal Ca2+ , revealed a severely impaired ER Ca2+ reuptake rate, and substantially lower insulin content. Importantly, detoxification of luminal H2 O2 by expression of the ER-resident glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPx8) abrogated the lipotoxic effects of palmitate. Moreover, GPx8 supported oxidative protein folding and preserved insulin content under lipotoxic conditions. A direct involvement of luminal H2 O2 in palmitate-mediated ER Ca2+ depletion could be corroborated by the ectopic expression of an ER-luminal active catalase. Our data point to the critical role of luminal H2 O2 in palmitate-mediated depletion of ER Ca2+ through redox-dependent impairment of Ca2+ ATPase pump activity upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin-secreting INS-1E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sharifi
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Böger
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Lortz
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ilir Mehmeti
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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6
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The Potential Role of R4 Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233897. [PMID: 36497154 PMCID: PMC9739376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that primarily results from impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance (IR). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are proposed as therapeutic targets for T2DM. GPCRs transduce signals via the Gα protein, playing an integral role in insulin secretion and IR. The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family proteins can bind to Gα proteins and function as GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) to accelerate GTP hydrolysis, thereby terminating Gα protein signaling. Thus, RGS proteins determine the size and duration of cellular responses to GPCR stimulation. RGSs are becoming popular targeting sites for modulating the signaling of GPCRs and related diseases. The R4 subfamily is the largest RGS family. This review will summarize the research progress on the mechanisms of R4 RGS subfamily proteins in insulin secretion and insulin resistance and analyze their potential value in the treatment of T2DM.
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7
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Jäntti MH, Jackson SN, Kuhn J, Parkkinen I, Sree S, Hinkle JJ, Jokitalo E, Deterding LJ, Harvey BK. Palmitate and thapsigargin have contrasting effects on ER membrane lipid composition and ER proteostasis in neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159219. [PMID: 35981704 PMCID: PMC9452468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that performs several key functions such as protein synthesis and folding, lipid metabolism and calcium homeostasis. When these functions are disrupted, such as upon protein misfolding, ER stress occurs. ER stress can trigger adaptive responses to restore proper functioning such as activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In certain cells, the free fatty acid palmitate has been shown to induce the UPR. Here, we examined the effects of palmitate on UPR gene expression in a human neuronal cell line and compared it with thapsigargin, a known depletor of ER calcium and trigger of the UPR. We used a Gaussia luciferase-based reporter to assess how palmitate treatment affects ER proteostasis and calcium homeostasis in the cells. We also investigated how ER calcium depletion by thapsigargin affects lipid membrane composition by performing mass spectrometry on subcellular fractions and compared this to palmitate. Surprisingly, palmitate treatment did not activate UPR despite prominent changes to membrane phospholipids. Conversely, thapsigargin induced a strong UPR, but did not significantly change the membrane lipid composition in subcellular fractions. In summary, our data demonstrate that changes in membrane lipid composition and disturbances in ER calcium homeostasis have a minimal influence on each other in neuronal cells. These data provide new insight into the adaptive interplay of lipid homeostasis and proteostasis in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Jäntti
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Translational Analytical Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kuhn
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ilmari Parkkinen
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sreesha Sree
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Programme, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joshua J Hinkle
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Programme, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leesa J Deterding
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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8
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Dose- and Time-Dependent Effects of Oleate on Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission Proteins and Cell Viability in HepG2 Cells: Comparison with Palmitate Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189812. [PMID: 34575980 PMCID: PMC8468319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairments in dynamic behavior (fusion/fission balance) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in cell lipotoxicity and lipid-induced metabolic diseases. The present work aimed to evaluate dose- and time-dependent effects of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate on mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins in comparison with the saturated fatty acid palmitate in hepatic cells. To this end, HepG-2 cells were treated with 0, 10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, 250 μM or 500 μM of either oleate or palmitate for 8 or 24 h. Cell viability and lipid accumulation were evaluated to assess lipotoxicity. Mitochondrial markers of fusion (mitofusin 2, MFN2) and fission (dynamin-related protein 1, DRP1) processes were evaluated by Western blot analysis. After 8 h, the highest dose of oleate induced a decrease in DRP1 content without changes in MFN2 content in association with cell viability maintenance, whereas palmitate induced a decrease in cell viability associated with a decrease mainly in MFN2 content. After 24 h, oleate induced MFN2 increase, whereas palmitate induced DRP1 increase associated with a higher decrease in cell viability with high doses compared to oleate. This finding could be useful to understand the role of mitochondria in the protective effects of oleate as a bioactive compound.
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Schindler MSZ, Calisto JFF, Marins K, Regginato A, Mezzomo H, Zanatta AP, Radunz AL, Mariot MP, Dal Magro J, Zanatta L. Characterization of the chemical profile and the effects of ethanolic extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek on glucose metabolism in normal hyperglycemic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114173. [PMID: 33932519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek, Celastraceae, is popularly known as "espinheira-santa" and used to treat pathologies related to the stomach. However, in popular culture, this species has also been used to treat other disorders such as diabetes, but without scientific evidence, requiring more phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the plant. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic potential of ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves from two different accessions of Maytenus ilicifolia (MIA and MIB) in normal hyperglycemic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into different experimental groups: normal hyperglycemic (negative control); MIA (treatment of Maytenus ilicifolia extract from access 116); MIB (treatment with Maytenus ilicifolia extract from access 122; and glipizide (positive control). At 30 min after treatment, all animals received glucose overload orally. Blood collection occurred at different periods for the assessment of blood glucose (0, 60, 90 and 210 min after treatment) and at the end of the experiment blood was collected through cardiac puncture and the liver, muscle, pancreas and intestine were dissected for further analysis. RESULTS Chromatographic analysis identified oleic and palmitic acid as the most common constituents, and both extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia caused a reduction in blood glucose levels within 60 min after administration of glucose overload when compared to the normal hyperglycemic group. No significant changes were observed in hepatic and muscular glycogen levels, plasma insulin concentration and disaccharidases activity with none of the extracts in the model employed. However, hyperglycemic rats treated with the extracts showed a marked increase in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Maytenus ilicifolia extracts from different locations showed differences in chemical composition which did not reflect significant differences in the results of biological tests. In addition, it was possible to conclude that the treatment with Maytenus ilicifolia had a discreet anti-hyperglycemic effect; however, it was not possible to identify the responsible mechanism, being necessary, therefore, new studies using different technologies in order to determine the possible mechanisms of action of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katiuska Marins
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Alissara Regginato
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Hemilli Mezzomo
- Pharmacy Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- Pharmacy Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Andre Luiz Radunz
- Agronomy Course - Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Brazil.
| | - Márcio Paim Mariot
- Agronomy Course - Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFSul), Brazil.
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Leila Zanatta
- Western Higher Education Center, Santa Catarina State University - UDESC, Brazil.
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A Preliminary Study Showing the Impact of Genetic and Dietary Factors on GC-MS-Based Plasma Metabolome of Patients with and without PROX1-Genetic Predisposition to T2DM up to 5 Years Prior to Prediabetes Appearance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:513-528. [PMID: 34209638 PMCID: PMC8929026 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) consist of a combination of an unhealthy, imbalanced diet and genetic factors that may interact with each other. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) gene is a strong genetic susceptibility factor for this metabolic disorder and impaired β-cell function. As the role of this gene in T2DM development remains unclear, novel approaches are needed to advance the understanding of the mechanisms of T2DM development. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, postprandial changes in plasma metabolites were analysed by GC–MS in nondiabetic men with different PROX1 genotypes up to 5 years prior to prediabetes appearance. Eighteen contestants (12 with high risk (HR) and 6 with low risk (LR) genotype) participated in high-carbohydrate (HC) and normo-carbohydrate (NC) meal-challenge tests. Our study concluded that both meal-challenge tests provoked changes in 15 plasma metabolites (amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids and others) in HR, but not LR genotype carriers. Postprandial changes in the levels of some of the detected metabolites may be a source of potential specific early disturbances possibly associated with the future development of T2DM. Thus, accurate determination of these metabolites can be important for the early diagnosis of this metabolic disease.
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Pietrzyk N, Zakłos-Szyda M, Koziołkiewicz M, Podsędek A. Viburnum opulus L. fruit phenolic compounds protect against FFA-induced steatosis of HepG2 cells via AMPK pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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12
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Cruz-Pineda WD, Parra-Rojas I, Rodríguez-Ruíz HA, Illades-Aguiar B, Matia-García I, Garibay-Cerdenares OL. The regulatory role of insulin in energy metabolism and leukocyte functions. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:197-208. [PMID: 33724523 PMCID: PMC9291603 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru1220-847r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is the hormone responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body, in addition to participating in lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and the inhibition of gluconeogenesis. These functions are well characterized in the classic organ target cells that are responsible for general energy regulation: the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. However, these actions are not restricted to these tissues because insulin has been shown to affect most cells in the body. This review describes the role of insulin in leukocyte signaling pathways, metabolism and functions, and how insulin resistance could affect this signaling and deteriorate leukocyte metabolism and function, in addition to showing evidence that suggests leukocytes may substantially contribute to the development of systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter David Cruz-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Inés Matia-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares
- CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
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13
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Galindo-Hernandez O, Leija-Montoya AG, Romero-Garcia T, Vazquez-Jimenez JG. Palmitic acid decreases cell migration by increasing RGS2 expression and decreasing SERCA expression. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200279. [PMID: 33729330 PMCID: PMC7967171 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid, the main saturated fatty acid, is related with a wide range of
metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. It is
known that palmitic acid disturbs the expression of some important proteins for
cell homeostasis such as SERCA and RGS2, however, the role of this lipid at the
molecular level in these disorders is not completely elucidated. Thus, our aim
was to determinate the effect of palmitic acid in a relevant cell process as it
is cell migration and the participation of SERCA and RGS2 in this response. We
found that palmitic acid reduces cell migration (determined by the Boyden
chamber method) in an epithelial cell line (HEK293) and this effect is modulated
by SERCA and RGS2 differential protein expression (measured by western blot).
Also, overexpression of individual proteins, RGS2 and SERCA, produced a decrease
and an increase on cell migration, respectively. Taken together, these data
suggest that the expression of regulatory proteins is affected by high
concentrations of saturated fatty acids and in consequence cell migration is
diminished in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Galindo-Hernandez
- Autonomous University of Baja California, Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Leija-Montoya
- Autonomous University of Baja California, Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Garcia
- Autonomous University of Baja California, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sports School, Campus Mexicali, BC, Mexico
| | - Jose Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez
- Autonomous University of Baja California, Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, BC, Mexico
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Palmitic acid promotes resistin-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5427. [PMID: 33686181 PMCID: PMC7940652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid promote inflammation and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, contrasting with the protective action of polyunsaturated fatty acids such docosahexaenoic acid. Palmitic acid effects have been in part attributed to its potential action through Toll-like receptor 4. Beside, resistin, an adipokine, also promotes inflammation and insulin resistance via TLR4. In the brain, palmitic acid and resistin trigger neuroinflammation and insulin resistance, but their link at the neuronal level is unknown. Using human SH-SY5Yneuroblastoma cell line we show that palmitic acid treatment impaired insulin-dependent Akt and Erk phosphorylation whereas DHA preserved insulin action. Palmitic acid up-regulated TLR4 as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNFα contrasting with DHA effect. Similarly to palmitic acid, resistin treatment induced the up-regulation of IL6 and TNFα as well as NFκB activation. Importantly, palmitic acid potentiated the resistin-dependent NFkB activation whereas DHA abolished it. The recruitment of TLR4 to membrane lipid rafts was increased by palmitic acid treatment; this is concomitant with the augmentation of resistin-induced TLR4/MYD88/TIRAP complex formation mandatory for TLR4 signaling. In conclusion, palmitic acid increased TLR4 expression promoting resistin signaling through TLR4 up-regulation and its recruitment to membrane lipid rafts.
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15
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Li L, Zeng X, Liu Z, Chen X, Li L, Luo R, Liu X, Zhang J, Liu J, Lu Y, Cheng J, Chen Y. Mesenchymal stromal cells protect hepatocytes from lipotoxicity through alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by restoring SERCA activity. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2976-2993. [PMID: 33591626 PMCID: PMC7957164 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) modulate metabolic balance and attenuate hepatic lipotoxicity in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In vivo, male SD rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to develop NAFLD; then, they were treated twice by intravenous injections of rat bone marrow MSCs. In vitro, HepG2 cells were cocultured with MSCs by transwell and exposed to palmitic acid (PA) for 24 hours. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor thapsigargin and sarco/ER Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA2)-specific siRNA were used to explore the regulation of ER stress by MSCs. We found that MSC administration improved hepatic steatosis, restored systemic hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis, and inhibited hepatic ER stress in HFD-fed rats. In hepatocytes, MSCs effectively alleviated the cellular lipotoxicity. Particularly, MSCs remarkably ameliorated the ER stress and intracellular calcium homeostasis induced by either PA or thapsigargin in HepG2 cells. Additionally, long-term HFD or PA stimulation would activate pyroptosis in hepatocytes, which may contribute to the cell death and liver dysfunction during the process of NAFLD, and MSC treatment effectively ameliorates these deleterious effects. SERCA2 silencing obviously abolished the ability of MSCs against the PA-induced lipotoxicity. Conclusively, our study demonstrated that MSCs were able to ameliorate liver lipotoxicity and metabolic disturbance in the context of NAFLD, in which the regulation of ER stress and the calcium homeostasis via SERCA has played a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Vazquez-Jimenez JG, Corpus-Navarro MS, Rodriguez-Chavez JM, Jaramillo-Ramirez HJ, Hernandez-Aranda J, Galindo-Hernandez O, Machado-Contreras JR, Trejo-Trejo M, Guerrero-Hernandez A, Olivares-Reyes JA. The Increased Expression of Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) Inhibits Insulin-Induced Akt Phosphorylation and Is Associated with Uncontrolled Glycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites 2021; 11:91. [PMID: 33562475 PMCID: PMC7915073 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence in mice models has demonstrated that a high regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RSG2) protein levels precede an insulin resistance state. In the same context, a diet rich in saturated fatty acids induces an increase in RGS2 protein expression, which has been associated with decreased basal metabolism in mice; however, the above has not yet been analyzed in humans. For this reason, in the present study, we examined the association between RGS2 expression and insulin resistance state. The incubation with palmitic acid (PA), which inhibits insulin-mediated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation, resulted in the increased RGS2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial-CS (HUVEC-CS) cells. The RGS2 overexpression without PA was enough to inhibit insulin-mediated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation in HUVEC-CS cells. Remarkably, the platelet RGS2 expression levels were higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than in healthy donors. Moreover, an unbiased principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that RGS2 expression level positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and negatively with age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in T2DM patients. Furthermore, PCA showed that healthy subjects segregated from T2DM patients by having lower levels of HbA1c and RGS2. These results demonstrate that RGS2 overexpression leads to decreased insulin signaling in a human endothelial cell line and is associated with poorly controlled diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.V.-J.); (J.H.-A.); (A.G.-H.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico; (M.S.C.-N.); (J.M.R.-C.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | - M. Stephanie Corpus-Navarro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico; (M.S.C.-N.); (J.M.R.-C.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | - J. Miguel Rodriguez-Chavez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico; (M.S.C.-N.); (J.M.R.-C.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | | | - Judith Hernandez-Aranda
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.V.-J.); (J.H.-A.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Octavio Galindo-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico;
| | - J. Rene Machado-Contreras
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico; (M.S.C.-N.); (J.M.R.-C.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | - Marina Trejo-Trejo
- School of Sports, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico;
| | - Agustin Guerrero-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.V.-J.); (J.H.-A.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - J. Alberto Olivares-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.V.-J.); (J.H.-A.); (A.G.-H.)
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Liu N, Li Y, Nan W, Zhou W, Huang J, Li R, Zhou L, Hu R. Interaction of TPPP3 with VDAC1 Promotes Endothelial Injury through Activation of Reactive Oxygen Species. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5950195. [PMID: 33082910 PMCID: PMC7556057 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5950195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial injury plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders and metabolic-associated vascular complications which are the leading cause of death worldwide. However, the mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction is not completely understood. The study is aimed at investigating the role of tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 3 (TPPP3) in palmitic acid- (PA-) induced endothelial injury. The effect of TPPP3 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was determined by evaluating apoptosis, tube formation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. TPPP3 silencing inhibited PA overload-induced apoptosis and production of ROS, along with the alteration of apoptosis-related key proteins such as BCL-2 and Bax. Mechanically, voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) was identified as a novel functional binding partner of TPPP3, and TPPP3 promoted VDAC1 protein stability and its activity. Further studies indicated that TPPP3 could promote apoptosis, ROS production, tube formation, and proapoptotic protein expression and reduce antiapoptotic protein expression through increasing VDAC1 expression under mildly elevated levels of PA. Collectively, these results demonstrated that TPPP3 could promote PA-induced oxidative damage in HUVECs via a VDAC1-dependent pathway, suggesting that TPPP3 might be considered as a potential therapeutic target in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yintao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wu Nan
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbai Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Emanuel Medical Center, Turlock, California, USA
| | - Jinya Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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A high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced worse metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in C57BL/6 mice. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:172. [PMID: 32693810 PMCID: PMC7372854 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential effects of individual saturated fatty acids (SFAs), particularly stearic acid (C18:0), relative to the shorter-chain SFAs have drawn interest for more accurate nutritional guidelines. However, specific biologic and pathologic functions that can be assigned to particular SFAs are very limited. The present study was designed to compare changes in metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in mice caused by a high C18:0 diet and high palmitic acid (C16:0) diet. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a normal fat diet (NFD), a high fat diet with high C18:0/C16:0 ratio (HSF) or an isocaloric high fat diet with a low C18:0/C16:0 ratio (LSF) for 10 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test, 72-h energy expenditure measurement and CT scan of body fat were done before sacrifice. Fasting glucose and lipids were determined by an autobiochemical analyzer. Blood insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Free fatty acids (FFAs) profiles in blood and liver were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microarray analysis was applied to investigate changes in transcriptomic profiles in the liver. Pathway analysis and gene ontology analysis were applied to describe the roles of differentially expressed mRNAs. RESULTS Compared with the NFD group, body weight, body fat ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, IL-6, serum and liver FFAs including total FFAs, C16:0 and C18:0 were increased in both high fat diet groups and were much higher in the HSF group than those in the LSF group. Both HSF and LSF mice exhibited distinguishable long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA and mRNA expression profiles when compared with those of NFD mice. Additionally, more differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were observed in the HSF group than in the LSF group. Some biological functions and pathways, other than energy metabolism regulation, were identified as differentially expressed mRNAs between the HSF group and the LSF group. CONCLUSION The high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced more severe glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation and affected expression of more lncRNAs and mRNAs than an isocaloric low C18:0/C16:0 ratio diet in mice. These results provide new insights into the differences in biological functions and related mechanisms, other than glucose and lipid metabolism, between C16:0 and C18:0.
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Lv Q, Le L, Xiang J, Jiang B, Chen S, Xiao P. Liver Transcriptomic Reveals Novel Pathways of Empagliflozin Associated With Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:111. [PMID: 32256445 PMCID: PMC7092631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoglycaemic target of empagliflozin (EMP), as a novel inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2), is clear. However, recent studies have shown that EMP also has an important role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular diseases. The liver plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), although whether EMP affects liver glucose metabolism is currently not reported. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of EMP on hepatic glucose metabolism in T2D and the underlying mechanism. A model of T2D was established by a high-fat and glucose diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. Serum samples were collected to measure biochemical indicators, and liver samples were extracted for RNA-seq assay. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to further verify the gene expression levels detected by the RNA-seq assay. The EMP group showed significantly decreased blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in serum compared with the type 2 diabetes model (MOD) group. Furthermore, EMP decreased the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the serum compared to the MOD. Liver transcriptome analysis showed EMP affects a large number of upregulated and downregulated genes. Some of these genes are novel and involve in the metal ion binding pathway and the negative regulation of transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter pathway, which are also closely related to glucolipid metabolism and insulin signaling. Our study provides new knowledge about the mechanism through which SGLT inhibitor can offer beneficial effects in T2D and especially in the hepatic metabolism. These genes found in this study also laid a solid foundation for further research on the new roles and mechanisms of EMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Le
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamei Xiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sibao Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Ly LD, Ly DD, Nguyen NT, Kim JH, Yoo H, Chung J, Lee MS, Cha SK, Park KS. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uptake Relieves Palmitate-Induced Cytosolic Ca 2+ Overload in MIN6 Cells. Mol Cells 2020; 43:66-75. [PMID: 31931552 PMCID: PMC6999716 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids contribute to β-cell dysfunction in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cellular responses to lipotoxicity include oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and blockage of autophagy. Palmitate induces ER Ca2+ depletion followed by notable store-operated Ca2+ entry. Subsequent elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ can activate undesirable signaling pathways culminating in cell death. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) is the major route for Ca2+ uptake into the matrix and couples metabolism with insulin secretion. However, it has been unclear whether mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake plays a protective role or contributes to lipotoxicity. Here, we observed palmitate upregulated MCU protein expression in a mouse clonal β-cell, MIN6, under normal glucose, but not high glucose medium. Palmitate elevated baseline cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and reduced depolarization-triggered Ca2+ influx likely due to the inactivation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Targeted reduction of MCU expression using RNA interference abolished mitochondrial superoxide production but exacerbated palmitate-induced [Ca2+]i overload. Consequently, MCU knockdown aggravated blockage of autophagic degradation. In contrast, co-treatment with verapamil, a VGCC inhibitor, prevented palmitate-induced basal [Ca2+]i elevation and defective [Ca2+]i transients. Extracellular Ca2+ chelation as well as VGCC inhibitors effectively rescued autophagy defects and cytotoxicity. These observations suggest enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via MCU upregulation is a mechanism by which pancreatic β-cells are able to alleviate cytosolic Ca2+ overload and its detrimental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Dai Ly
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
| | - Dat Da Ly
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
| | - Nhung Thi Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
| | - Heesuk Yoo
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426,
Korea
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21
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Landa-Galvan HV, Rios-Castro E, Romero-Garcia T, Rueda A, Olivares-Reyes JA. Metabolic syndrome diminishes insulin-induced Akt activation and causes a redistribution of Akt-interacting proteins in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228115. [PMID: 31995605 PMCID: PMC6988918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance as a critical component for its development. Insulin signaling in the heart leads to Akt (also known as PKB) activation, a serine/threonine protein kinase, which regulates cardiac glucose metabolism and growth. Cardiac metabolic inflexibility, characterized by impaired insulin-induced glucose uptake and oxidation, has been reported as an early and consistent change in the heart of different models of MetS and diabetes; however, the evaluation of Akt activation has yielded variable results. Here we report in cardiomyocytes of MetS rats, diminished insulin-induced glucose uptake and Akt activation, evaluated by its impaired mobilization towards the plasma membrane and phosphorylation, and reflected in a re-distribution of its interacting proteins, assessed by label-free mass spectrometry (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013260). We report 45 proteins with diminished abundance in Akt complex of MetS cardiomyocytes, mainly represented by energy metabolism-related proteins, and also, 31 Akt-interacting proteins with increased abundance, which were mainly related to contraction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Akt negative regulation. These results emphasize the relevance of Akt in the regulation of energy metabolism in the heart and highlight Akt-interacting proteins that could be involved in the detrimental effects of MetS in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Rios-Castro
- Unidad de Genomica, Proteomica y Metabolomica (UGPM), LaNSE-Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Angelica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Release Model Based on Changes in the Luminal Calcium Content. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:337-370. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lee DM, Sevits KJ, Battson ML, Wei Y, Cox-York KA, Gentile CL. Monounsaturated fatty acids protect against palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226940. [PMID: 31891641 PMCID: PMC6938355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets high in saturated fatty acids are linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids have been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. Accordingly, cell culture studies have demonstrated that saturated fatty acids, particularly long chain saturated fatty acids such as palmitate, induce dysfunction and cell death in a variety of cell types, and monounsaturated fatty acids may confer protection against palmitate-mediated damage. The aim of the present study was to examine whether monounsaturated fatty acids could protect against palmitate-mediated cell death in endothelial cells, to determine if AMPK inactivation and activation (via compound C and AICAR, respectively) underlies both palmitate-induced damage and monounsaturated fatty acid-mediated protection, and to explore the role of ER stress in this context. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were examined for cell viability and apoptosis following treatment for 24 hours with palmitate (0.25 and 0.5mM) alone or in combination with the monounsaturated fatty acids oleate or palmitoleate (0.25 and 0.5mM), AICAR, compound C, 4μ8C, or TUDCA. Compared to control cells, palmitate significantly decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The monounsaturated fatty acids oleate and palmitoleate completely prevented the cytotoxic effects of palmitate. Although palmitate induced markers of ER stress, chemical inhibition of ER stress did not prevent palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis. Conversely, the AMPK activator AICAR (0.1 and 0.5mM) conferred protection from palmitate mediated-alterations in viability, apoptosis and ER stress, whereas the AMPK inhibitor compound C (20 and 40μM) significantly exacerbated palmitate-mediated damage. Lastly, co-incubation with palmitate, monounsaturated fatty acids, and compound C significantly mitigated the protective effects of both oleate and palmitoleate. In conclusion, monounsaturated fatty acids confer protection against the cytotoxic effects of palmitate in vascular endothelial cells; and palmitate-mediated damage, as well as monounsaturated-mediated protection, are due in part to inactivation and activation, respectively, of the metabolic regulator AMPK. These results may have implications for understanding the deleterious effects of high saturated fat diets on cardiovascular dysfunction and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin M. Lee
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Kyle J. Sevits
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Micah L. Battson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Yuren Wei
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A. Cox-York
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Gentile
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xu J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Liu Z, Cao Y, Wang L, Zhou Y, Zeng X, Ma Q, Xu Y, Wang Y, Huang L, Han Z, Wang T, Stepp D, Bagi Z, Wu C, Hong M, Huo Y. Endothelial adenosine kinase deficiency ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:159-172. [PMID: 31189131 PMCID: PMC6885115 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance-related disorders are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence has suggested a role for adenosine signaling in the regulation of endothelial function. Here, we identified a crucial role of endothelial adenosine kinase (ADK) in the regulation of insulin resistance. Feeding mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) markedly enhanced the expression of endothelial Adk. Ablation of endothelial Adk in HFD-fed mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and decreased hepatic steatosis, adipose inflammation and adiposity, which were associated with improved arteriole vasodilation, decreased inflammation and increased adipose angiogenesis. Mechanistically, ADK inhibition or knockdown in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) elevated intracellular adenosine level and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) activity, resulting in an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. Antagonism of adenosine receptor A2b abolished ADK-knockdown-enhanced NOS3 expression in HUVECs. Additionally, increased phosphorylation of NOS3 in ADK-knockdown HUVECs was regulated by an adenosine receptor-independent mechanism. These data suggest that Adk-deficiency-elevated intracellular adenosine in endothelial cells ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, and this is associated with an enhancement of NO production caused by increased NOS3 expression and activation. Therefore, ADK is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiean Xu
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yapeng Cao
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lina Wang
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xianqiu Zeng
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yiming Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - David Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Roura-Guiberna A, Hernandez-Aranda J, Ramirez-Flores CJ, Mondragon-Flores R, Garibay-Nieto N, Queipo-Garcia G, Laresgoiti-Servitje E, Soh JW, Olivares-Reyes JA. Isomers of conjugated linoleic acid induce insulin resistance through a mechanism involving activation of protein kinase Cε in liver cells. Cell Signal 2019; 53:281-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Matrine attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrion dysfunction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating SERCA pathway. J Transl Med 2018; 16:319. [PMID: 30458883 PMCID: PMC6245862 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which can promote lipid metabolism disorders and steatohepatitis, contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is considered to play a key role in ER stress. Matrine (Mat) has been applied for the treatment of hepatitis B, but its effect on NAFLD is still unknown, and there is no unified view of Mat on the regulation of ER stress in the previous literature. Methods The pharmacological effects were studied in high-fat-diet or methionine–choline-deficient diet induced C57BL/6J mice models and in palmitic acid (PA) induced L02 human liver cell model. Calcium fluorescence experiments, computational virtual docking analysis and biochemical assays were used in identifying the locus of Mat. Results The results showed that Mat-treated mice were more resistant to steatosis in the liver than vehicle-treated mice and that Mat significantly reduced hepatic inflammation, lipid peroxides. The beneficial effect of Mat was associated with suppressing ER stress and restoring mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, Mat decreased the PA-induced lipid accumulation, ER stress and cytosolic calcium level ([Ca2+]c) in hepatocyte cell lines in low and middle dose. However, the high dose Mat did not show satisfactory results in cell model. Calcium fluorescence experiments showed that Mat was able to regulate [Ca2+]c. By computational virtual docking analysis and biochemical assays, Mat was shown to influence [Ca2+]c via direct inhibition of SERCA. Conclusions The results showed that the bi-directional regulation of Mat to endoplasmic reticulum at different doses was based on the inhibition of SERCA. In addition, the results also provide a theoretical basis for Mat as a potential therapeutic strategy in NAFLD/NASH. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1685-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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27
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Increased intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations prevent membrane localization of PH domains through the formation of Ca 2+-phosphoinositides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11926-11931. [PMID: 29078297 PMCID: PMC5692539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706489114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder in which target cells fail to respond to physiological levels of circulating insulin, leading to hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. The molecular mechanism underlying insulin resistance is still largely unknown. Here, we found that intracellular Ca2+ overloading in obesity attenuates insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B and its downstream signaling by preventing membrane localization of various pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. When at high intracellular levels, Ca2+ binds tightly with phosphoinositides to yield Ca2+-phosphoinositides (PIPs), abrogating the membrane targeting of PH domains and disrupting insulin signaling. Thus, we identified a previously unknown physiological function of intracellular Ca2+ as a critical negative regulator of insulin signaling, especially through the formation of Ca2+-PIPs. Insulin resistance, a key etiological factor in metabolic syndrome, is closely linked to ectopic lipid accumulation and increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in muscle and liver. However, the mechanism by which dysregulated intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis causes insulin resistance remains elusive. Here, we show that increased intracellular Ca2+ acts as a negative regulator of insulin signaling. Chronic intracellular Ca2+ overload in hepatocytes during obesity and hyperlipidemia attenuates the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and its key downstream signaling molecules by inhibiting membrane localization of pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. Pharmacological approaches showed that elevated intracellular Ca2+ inhibits insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and abrogates membrane localization of various PH domain proteins such as phospholipase Cδ and insulin receptor substrate 1, suggesting a common mechanism inhibiting the membrane targeting of PH domains. PH domain-lipid overlay assays confirmed that Ca2+ abolishes the binding of various PH domains to phosphoinositides (PIPs) with two adjacent phosphate groups, such as PI(3,4)P2, PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3. Finally, thermodynamic analysis of the binding interaction showed that Ca2+-mediated inhibition of targeting PH domains to the membrane resulted from the tight binding of Ca2+ rather than PH domains to PIPs forming Ca2+-PIPs. Thus, Ca2+-PIPs prevent the recognition of PIPs by PH domains, potentially due to electrostatic repulsion between positively charged side chains in PH domains and the Ca2+-PIPs. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation and Akt inactivation in insulin resistance.
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The Fatty Acid Profile in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: Why It Could Be Unsuspected. Int J Pediatr 2017; 2017:6424186. [PMID: 29085432 PMCID: PMC5611882 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6424186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Several studies have shown a link between proinflammatory activity and the presence or deficit of some fatty acids. Inflammation is associated with several diseases including diabetes. Objective To characterize and compare the fatty acids profiles in children with inaugural type 1 diabetes, diabetic children (at least 1 year after diagnosis), and healthy children. Design Plasma fatty acids profiles in children with inaugural diabetes, children with noninaugural diabetes, and controls, all of whom were prepubescent with a BMI < 85th percentile, were evaluated. Results Omega-3 fatty acid levels were higher in recently diagnosed subjects with diabetes than in controls. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids was higher in the control population. Omega-6 fatty acid levels were higher in the nonrecent diabetic subjects than in the children with recently diagnosed diabetes, and the levels were higher in the nonrecent diabetes group compared to the control group. Conclusion Our findings showed higher levels of alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA, as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in diabetic children. These findings reinforce the importance of precocious nutritional attention and intervention in the treatment of diabetic children.
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29
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Yang X, Sun L, Zhao A, Hu X, Qing Y, Jiang J, Yang C, Xu T, Wang P, Liu J, Zhang J, He L, Jia W, Wan C. Serum fatty acid patterns in patients with schizophrenia: a targeted metabonomics study. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1176. [PMID: 28742081 PMCID: PMC5538128 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that schizophrenia is linked to abnormal lipid metabolism. Free fatty acids (FFAs) in peripheral blood can reflect the status of lipid metabolism in human body. The purpose of this study was to scan the FFA pattern and elucidate the characteristics of lipid metabolic abnormality in schizophrenia patients. One hundred and ten patients with schizophrenia (SCZs) and 109 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study and divided into a discovery set and a validation set. Forty-seven serum FFAs were detected by UPLC-QTOF-MS and 39 of them were absolutely quantified by establishing standard curves. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 PUFAs) were significantly increased in SCZs compared with HCs. Desaturation from saturated fatty acids to MUFAs and β-oxidation were enhanced, as estimated by the ratios of products to precursors. These results suggest that lipolysis and β-oxidation are upregulated in SCZ, presumably resulting from insufficient brain energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - A Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - X Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Xu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - P Wang
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - J Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China E-mail:
| | - C Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China,Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China. E-mail:
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Osorio-Yáñez C, Chin-Chan M, Sánchez-Peña LC, Atzatzi-Aguilar OG, Olivares-Reyes JA, Segovia J, Del Razo LM. The ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway in human vein endothelial cells exposed to arsenite. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:281-286. [PMID: 28502835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is related to cardiovascular disease, which is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and nitric oxide (NO) depletion. The mechanisms underlying NO depletion as related to iAs exposure are not fully understood. The endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), might be a molecular target of iAs. ADMA concentrations are regulated by proteins involved in its synthesis (arginine methyl transferase 1 [PRMT-1]) and degradation (dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase [DDAH]). Both, ADMA and NO are susceptible to oxidative stress. We aimed to determine the ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway in human vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-CS) exposed to arsenite. We exposed HUVEC-CS cells to 1, 2.5 and 5μM of arsenite for 24h. We proved that arsenite at 5μM was able to decrease NO levels with an associated increase in ADMA and depletion of l-arginine in HUVEC-CS cells. We also found a decrease in DDAH-1 protein expression with 5μM of arsenite compared to the control group. However, we did not observe significant differences in PRMT-1 protein expression at any of the concentrations of arsenite employed. Finally, arsenite (2.5 and 5μM) increased NADPH oxidase 4 protein levels compared with the control group. We conclude that ADMA, l-arginine and DDAH are involved in NO depletion produced by arsenite, and that the mechanism is related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel Chin-Chan
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Luz C Sánchez-Peña
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio G Atzatzi-Aguilar
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesus A Olivares-Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Segovia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofisica y Neurosciencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Ye M, Qiu H, Cao Y, Zhang M, Mi Y, Yu J, Wang C. Curcumin Improves Palmitate-Induced Insulin Resistance in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Maintaining Proteostasis in Endoplasmic Reticulum. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:148. [PMID: 28377722 PMCID: PMC5359258 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of proteasome and autophagy will result in disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis, and thus lead to long-term and chronic ER stress and subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR), which is implicated in the occurrence and development of insulin resistance. Curcumin exerts beneficial metabolic effects in in vitro cells and in vivo animal models of diabetes and diabetic complications including cardiovascular diseases, due to its powerful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its impacts on insulin resistance of endothelial cells and its underlying mechanism(s) remain ill-defined. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that curcumin action in ER protein quality control was related to improvement of insulin resistance in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with saturated fatty acid palmitate. We found that palmitate treatment induced insulin resistance of HUVECs and activated both the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Palmitate-stimulated activation of the UPS and autophagy was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of ER stress. In addition, curcumin supplementation mitigated palmitate-induced insulin resistance, inhibited the UPS, and activated autophagy. Furthermore, curcumin administration suppressed palmitate-induced protein aggregation and ER stress. Genetic inhibition of autophagy by silencing autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) completely restored total protein ubiquitination and protein aggregation in HUVECs treated with combined curcumin and palmitate. Atg5-knockdown also abolished the beneficial effects of curcumin on palmitate-induced ER stress, JNK/IRS-1 pathway as well as insulin signaling. Our results reveal that curcumin-activated autophagy could maintain proteostasis in ER leading to attenuation of ER stress and subsequent inhibition of JNK/IRS-1 pathway and improvement of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous PrefectureEnshi, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Laboratory, Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei Medical University Shiyan, China
| | - Yingkang Cao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Enshi, China
| | - Yan Mi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Enshi, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Enshi, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
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32
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TNF-α stimulates endothelial palmitic acid transcytosis and promotes insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44659. [PMID: 28304381 PMCID: PMC5356338 DOI: 10.1038/srep44659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent elevation of plasma TNF-α is a marker of low grade systemic inflammation. Palmitic acid (PA) is the most abundant type of saturated fatty acid in human body. PA is bound with albumin in plasma and could not pass through endothelial barrier freely. Albumin-bound PA has to be transported across monolayer endothelial cells through intracellular transcytosis, but not intercellular diffusion. In the present study, we discovered that TNF-α might stimulate PA transcytosis across cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, which further impaired the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes and promoted insulin resistance. In this process, TNF-α-stimulated endothelial autophagy and NF-κB signaling crosstalk with each other and orchestrate the whole event, ultimately result in increased expression of fatty acid transporter protein 4 (FATP4) in endothelial cells and mediate the increased PA transcytosis across microvascular endothelial cells. Hopefully the present study discovered a novel missing link between low grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
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33
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Li S, Li H, Yang D, Yu X, Irwin DM, Niu G, Tan H. Excessive Autophagy Activation and Increased Apoptosis Are Associated with Palmitic Acid-Induced Cardiomyocyte Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:2376893. [PMID: 29318158 PMCID: PMC5727752 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2376893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains the major cause of death associated with diabetes. Researchers have demonstrated the importance of impaired cardiac insulin signaling in this process. Insulin resistance (IR) is an important predictor of DCM. Previous studies examining the dynamic changes in autophagy during IR have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in autophagy and apoptosis in the rat H9c2 cardiomyocyte IR model. H9c2 cells were treated with 500 μM palmitic acid (PA) for 24 hours, resulting in the induction of IR. To examine autophagy, monodansylcadaverine staining, GFP-LC3 puncta confocal observation, and Western blot analysis of LC3I-to-LC3II conversion were used. Results of these studies showed that autophagic acid vesicles increased in numbers during the first 24 hours and then decreased by 36 hours after PA treatment. Western blot analysis showed that treatment of H9c2 cells with 500 μM PA for 24 hours decreased the expression of Atg12-Atg5, Atg16L1, Atg3, and PI3Kp85. Annexin V/PI flow cytometry revealed that PA exposure for 24 hours increased the rate of apoptosis. Together, this study demonstrates that PA induces IR in H9c2 cells and that this process is accompanied by excessive activation of autophagy and increases in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gang Niu
- Beijing N&N Genetech Company, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Huanran Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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