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Takigawa-Imamura H, Fumoto K, Takesue H, Miura T. Exploiting mechanisms for hierarchical branching structure of lung airway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309464. [PMID: 39213428 PMCID: PMC11364422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The lung airways exhibit distinct features with long, wide proximal branches and short, thin distal branches, crucial for optimal respiratory function. In this study, we investigated the mechanism behind this hierarchical structure through experiments and modeling, focusing on the regulation of branch length and width during the pseudoglandular stage. To evaluate the response of mouse lung epithelium to fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), we monitored the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). ERK activity exhibited an increase dependent on the curvature of the epithelial tissue, which gradually decreased with the progression of development. We then constructed a computational model that incorporates curvature-dependent growth to predict its impact on branch formation. It was demonstrated that branch length is determined by the curvature dependence of growth. Next, in exploring branch width regulation, we considered the effect of apical constriction, a mechanism we had previously proposed to be regulated by Wnt signaling. Analysis of a mathematical model representing apical constriction showed that branch width is determined by cell shape. Finally, we constructed an integrated computational model that includes curvature-dependent growth and cell shape controls, confirming their coordination in regulating branch formation. This study proposed that changes in the autonomous property of the epithelium may be responsible for the progressive branch morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Takigawa-Imamura
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takesue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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Xia LX, Xiao YY, Jiang WJ, Yang XY, Tao H, Mandukhail SR, Qin JF, Pan QR, Zhu YG, Zhao LX, Huang LJ, Li Z, Yu XY. Exosomes derived from induced cardiopulmonary progenitor cells alleviate acute lung injury in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1644-1659. [PMID: 38589686 PMCID: PMC11272782 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary progenitor cells (CPPs) constitute a minor subpopulation of cells that are commonly associated with heart and lung morphogenesis during embryonic development but completely subside after birth. This fact offers the possibility for the treatment of pulmonary heart disease (PHD), in which the lung and heart are both damaged. A reliable source of CPPs is urgently needed. In this study, we reprogrammed human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) into CPP-like cells (or induced CPPs, iCPPs) and evaluated the therapeutic potential of iCPP-derived exosomes for acute lung injury (ALI). iCPPs were created in passage 3 primary HCFs by overexpressing GLI1, WNT2, ISL1 and TBX5 (GWIT). Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of passage 6-8 GWIT-iCPPs. A mouse ALI model was established by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Four hours after LPS instillation, ALI mice were treated with GWIT-iCPP-derived exosomes (5 × 109, 5 × 1010 particles/mL) via intratracheal instillation. We showed that GWIT-iCPPs could differentiate into cell lineages, such as cardiomyocyte-like cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and alveolar epithelial cells, in vitro. Transcription analysis revealed that GWIT-iCPPs have potential for heart and lung development. Intratracheal instillation of iCPP-derived exosomes dose-dependently alleviated LPS-induced ALI in mice by attenuating lung inflammation, promoting endothelial function and restoring capillary endothelial cells and the epithelial cells barrier. This study provides a potential new method for the prevention and treatment of cardiopulmonary injury, especially lung injury, and provides a new cell model for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Xing Xia
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xiao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wen-Jing Jiang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Yang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hua Tao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Safur Rehman Mandukhail
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jian-Feng Qin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qian-Rong Pan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yu-Guang Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li-Xin Zhao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li-Juan Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhan Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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3
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Gao J, Xu Z, Song W, Huang J, Liu W, He Z, He L. USP11 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of human spermatogonial stem cells via HOXC5-mediated canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:211. [PMID: 38722330 PMCID: PMC11082041 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are capable of transmitting genetic information to the next generations and they are the initial cells for spermatogenesis. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown about key genes and signaling pathways that regulate fate determinations of human SSCs and male infertility. In this study, we explored the expression, function, and mechanism of USP11 in controlling the proliferation and apoptosis of human SSCs as well as the association between its abnormality and azoospermia. We found that USP11 was predominantly expressed in human SSCs as shown by database analysis and immunohistochemistry. USP11 silencing led to decreases in proliferation and DNA synthesis and an enhancement in apoptosis of human SSCs. RNA-sequencing identified HOXC5 as a target of USP11 in human SSCs. Double immunofluorescence, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and molecular docking demonstrated an interaction between USP11 and HOXC5 in human SSCs. HOXC5 knockdown suppressed the growth of human SSCs and increased apoptosis via the classical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In contrast, HOXC5 overexpression reversed the effect of proliferation and apoptosis induced by USP11 silencing. Significantly, lower levels of USP11 expression were observed in the testicular tissues of patients with spermatogenic disorders. Collectively, these results implicate that USP11 regulates the fate decisions of human SSCs through the HOXC5/WNT/β-catenin pathway. This study thus provides novel insights into understanding molecular mechanisms underlying human spermatogenesis and the etiology of azoospermia and it offers new targets for gene therapy of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiwei Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zuping He
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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4
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Wellik DM. Hox genes and patterning the vertebrate body. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 159:1-27. [PMID: 38729674 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The diversity of vertebrate body plans is dizzying, yet stunning for the many things they have in common. Vertebrates have inhabited virtually every part of the earth from its coldest to warmest climates. They locomote by swimming, flying, walking, slithering, or climbing, or combinations of these behaviors. And they exist in many different sizes, from the smallest of frogs, fish and lizards to giraffes, elephants, and blue whales. Despite these differences, vertebrates follow a remarkably similar blueprint for the establishment of their body plan. Within the relatively small amount of time required to complete gastrulation, the process through which the three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are created, the embryo also generates its body axis and is simultaneously patterned. For the length of this axis, the genes that distinguish the neck from the rib cage or the trunk from the sacrum are the Hox genes. In vertebrates, there was evolutionary pressure to maintain this set of genes in the organism. Over the past decades, much has been learned regarding the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the appropriate expression of these genes along the main body axes. Genetic functions continue to be explored though much has been learned. Much less has been discerned on the identity of co-factors used by Hox proteins for the specificity of transcriptional regulation or what downstream targets and pathways are critical for patterning events, though there are notable exceptions. Current work in the field is demonstrating that Hox genes continue to function in many organs long after directing early patterning events. It is hopeful continued research will shed light on remaining questions regarding mechanisms used by this important and conserved set of transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deneen M Wellik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.
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5
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Lv H, Qian X, Tao Z, Shu J, Shi D, Yu J, Fan G, Qian Q, Shen L, Lu B. HOXA5-induced lncRNA DNM3OS promotes human embryo lung fibroblast fibrosis via recruiting EZH2 to epigenetically suppress TSC2 expression. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:1234-1246. [PMID: 38505042 PMCID: PMC10944743 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an unrepairable disease that results in lung dysfunction and decreased quality of life. Prevention of pulmonary fibrosis is challenging, while its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DNM3OS/Antisense RNA in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) and wound healing assays were employed to evaluate the role of DNM3OS on cell proliferation and migration. Western blot detected the proteins expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, and fibronectin. The interactions among genes were evaluated by RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chromatin Isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) assays. Results DNM3OS was upregulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DNM3OS knockdown repressed the growth and migration of lung fibroblast, and fibrotic gene expression (CoL1α1, CoL3α1, α-SMA, vimentin, and fibronectin), while suppression of TSC2 accelerated the above process. DNM3OS recruited EZH2 to the promoter region of TSC2, increased the occupancy of EZH2 and H3K27me3, and thereby suppressed the expression of TSC2. HOXA5 promoted the transcription of DNM3OS. Conclusions HOXA5-induced DNM3OS promoted the proliferation, migration, and expression of fibrosis-related genes in human embryo lung fibroblast via recruiting EZH2 to epigenetically suppress the expression of TSC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Xingjia Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Zhengzheng Tao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Jun Shu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Guiqin Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Qiuhong Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Luhong Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taicang TCM Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taicang, China
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Obata T, Mizoguchi S, Greaney AM, Adams T, Yuan Y, Edelstein S, Leiby KL, Rivero R, Wang N, Kim H, Yang J, Schupp JC, Stitelman D, Tsuchiya T, Levchenko A, Kaminski N, Niklason LE, Brickman Raredon MS. Organ Boundary Circuits Regulate Sox9+ Alveolar Tuft Cells During Post-Pneumonectomy Lung Regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.07.574469. [PMID: 38260691 PMCID: PMC10802449 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.07.574469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis is controlled by cellular circuits governing cell growth, organization, and differentation. In this study we identify previously undescribed cell-to-cell communication that mediates information flow from mechanosensitive pleural mesothelial cells to alveolar-resident stem-like tuft cells in the lung. We find mesothelial cells to express a combination of mechanotransduction genes and lineage-restricted ligands which makes them uniquely capable of responding to tissue tension and producing paracrine cues acting on parenchymal populations. In parallel, we describe a large population of stem-like alveolar tuft cells that express the endodermal stem cell markers Sox9 and Lgr5 and a receptor profile making them uniquely sensitive to cues produced by pleural Mesothelium. We hypothesized that crosstalk from mesothelial cells to alveolar tuft cells might be central to the regulation of post-penumonectomy lung regeneration. Following pneumonectomy, we find that mesothelial cells display radically altered phenotype and ligand expression, in a pattern that closely tracks with parenchymal epithelial proliferation and alveolar tissue growth. During an initial pro-inflammatory stage of tissue regeneration, Mesothelium promotes epithelial proliferation via WNT ligand secretion, orchestrates an increase in microvascular permeability, and encourages immune extravasation via chemokine secretion. This stage is followed first by a tissue remodeling period, characterized by angiogenesis and BMP pathway sensitization, and then a stable return to homeostasis. Coupled with key changes in parenchymal structure and matrix production, the cumulative effect is a now larger organ including newly-grown, fully-functional tissue parenchyma. This study paints Mesothelial cells as a key orchestrating cell type that defines the boundary of the lung and exerts critical influence over the tissue-level signaling state regulating resident stem cell populations. The cellular circuits unearthed here suggest that human lung regeneration might be inducible through well-engineered approaches targeting the induction of tissue regeneration and safe return to homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Obata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizoguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Allison M. Greaney
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Taylor Adams
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Sophie Edelstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Katherine L. Leiby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Rachel Rivero
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Nuoya Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Haram Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Junchen Yang
- Computational Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jonas C. Schupp
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hanover, Germany
| | - David Stitelman
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toyama, Toyama, 9300194, Japan
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Humacyte, Inc., Durham, North Carolina
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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7
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Chen SY, Liu FC. The Fgf9-Nolz1-Wnt2 axis regulates morphogenesis of the lung. Development 2023; 150:dev201827. [PMID: 37497597 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Morphological development of the lung requires complex signal crosstalk between the mesenchymal and epithelial progenitors. Elucidating the genetic cascades underlying signal crosstalk is essential to understanding lung morphogenesis. Here, we identified Nolz1 as a mesenchymal lineage-specific transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in lung morphogenesis. Nolz1 null mutation resulted in a severe hypoplasia phenotype, including a decreased proliferation of mesenchymal cells, aberrant differentiation of epithelial cells and defective growth of epithelial branches. Nolz1 deletion also downregulated Wnt2, Lef1, Fgf10, Gli3 and Bmp4 mRNAs. Mechanistically, Nolz1 regulates lung morphogenesis primarily through Wnt2 signaling. Loss-of-function and overexpression studies demonstrated that Nolz1 transcriptionally activated Wnt2 and downstream β-catenin signaling to control mesenchymal cell proliferation and epithelial branching. Exogenous Wnt2 could rescue defective proliferation and epithelial branching in Nolz1 knockout lungs. Finally, we identified Fgf9 as an upstream regulator of Nolz1. Collectively, Fgf9-Nolz1-Wnt2 signaling represents a novel axis in the control of lung morphogenesis. These findings are relevant to lung tumorigenesis, in which a pathological function of Nolz1 is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
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8
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Li MH, Kuetemeyer JM, Yallowitz AR, Wellik DM. Characterization of a novel Hoxa5eGFP mouse line. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:536-546. [PMID: 36577717 PMCID: PMC10066829 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hox genes encode transcription factors that are important for establishing the body plan. Hoxa5 is a member of the mammalian Hox5 paralogous group that regulates the patterning and morphology of the cervical-thoracic region of the axial skeleton. Hoxa5 also plays crucial functions in lung morphogenesis. RESULTS We generated a Hoxa5eGFP reporter mouse line using CRISPR technology, allowing real-time visualization of Hoxa5 expression. Hoxa5eGFP recapitulates reported embryonic Hoxa5 mRNA expression patterns. Specifically, Hoxa5eGFP can be visualized in the developing mouse neural tube, somites, lung, diaphragm, foregut, and midgut, among other organs. In the stomach, posteriorly biased Hoxa5eGFP expression correlates with a drastic morphological reduction of the corpus in Hox5 paralogous mutants. Expression of Hoxa5eGFP in the lung continues in all lung fibroblast populations through postnatal and adult stages. CONCLUSIONS We identified cell types that express Hoxa5 in postnatal and adult mouse lungs, including various fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. This reporter line will be a powerful tool for studies of the function of Hoxa5 during mouse development, homeostasis, and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hang Li
- Genetics Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Julia M. Kuetemeyer
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alisha R. Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Deneen M. Wellik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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9
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Dong X, Mao Y, Gao P. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Lung Diseases. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:324-331. [PMID: 36883260 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220428110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a multifunctional secretory protein that belongs to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. BMPs transduce their signaling to the cytoplasm by binding to membrane receptors of the serine/threonine kinase family, including BMP type I and type II receptors. BMP4 participates in various biological processes, such as embryonic development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The interaction between BMP4 and the corresponding endogenous antagonists plays a key role in the precise regulation of BMP4 signaling. In this paper, we review the pathogenesis of BMP4-related lung diseases and the foundation on which BMP4 endogenous antagonists have been developed as potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dong
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Medical College & the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan, University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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10
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Abstract
Hox genes encode evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that are essential for the proper development of bilaterian organisms. Hox genes are unique because they are spatially and temporally regulated during development in a manner that is dictated by their tightly linked genomic organization. Although their genetic function during embryonic development has been interrogated, less is known about how these transcription factors regulate downstream genes to direct morphogenetic events. Moreover, the continued expression and function of Hox genes at postnatal and adult stages highlights crucial roles for these genes throughout the life of an organism. Here, we provide an overview of Hox genes, highlighting their evolutionary history, their unique genomic organization and how this impacts the regulation of their expression, what is known about their protein structure, and their deployment in development and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A. Hubert
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Deneen M. Wellik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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11
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Congenital lung malformations: Dysregulated lung developmental processes and altered signaling pathways. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151228. [PMID: 36442455 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital lung malformations comprise a diverse group of anomalies including congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM, previously known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation or CCAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), bronchogenic cysts, and hybrid lesions. Little is known about the signaling pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of these lesions and the processes that may promote their malignant transformation. In the last decade, the use of transgenic/knockout animal models and the implementation of next generation sequencing on surgical lung specimens have increased our knowledge on the pathophysiology of these lesions. Herein, we provide an overview of normal lung development in humans and rodents, and we discuss the current state of knowledge on the pathophysiology and molecular pathways that are altered in each congenital lung malformation.
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12
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Eenjes E, Tibboel D, Wijnen RM, Rottier RJ. Lung epithelium development and airway regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1022457. [PMID: 36299482 PMCID: PMC9589436 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1022457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is composed of a highly branched airway structure, which humidifies and warms the inhaled air before entering the alveolar compartment. In the alveoli, a thin layer of epithelium is in close proximity with the capillary endothelium, allowing for an efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. During development proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells generates the lung architecture, and in the adult lung a proper function of progenitor cells is needed to regenerate after injury. Malfunctioning of progenitors during development results in various congenital lung disorders, such as Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) and Congenital Pulmonary Adenomatoid Malformation (CPAM). In addition, many premature neonates experience continuous insults on the lung caused by artificial ventilation and supplemental oxygen, which requires a highly controlled mechanism of airway repair. Malfunctioning of airway progenitors during regeneration can result in reduction of respiratory function or (chronic) airway diseases. Pathways that are active during development are frequently re-activated upon damage. Understanding the basic mechanisms of lung development and the behavior of progenitor cell in the ontogeny and regeneration of the lung may help to better understand the underlying cause of lung diseases, especially those occurring in prenatal development or in the immediate postnatal period of life. This review provides an overview of lung development and the cell types involved in repair of lung damage with a focus on the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rene M.H. Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Robbert J. Rottier,
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13
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Regeneration or Repair? The Role of Alveolar Epithelial Cells in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Cells 2022; 11:cells11132095. [PMID: 35805179 PMCID: PMC9266271 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) with unknown etiology in which gradual fibrotic scarring of the lungs leads to usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and, ultimately, to death. IPF affects three million people worldwide, and the only currently available treatments include the antifibrotic drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone, which effectively reduce fibrosis progression are, unfortunately, not effective in curing the disease. In recent years, the paradigm of IPF pathogenesis has shifted from a fibroblast-driven disease to an epithelium-driven disease, wherein, upon recurrent microinjuries, dysfunctional alveolar type II epithelial cells (ATII) are not only unable to sustain physiological lung regeneration but also promote aberrant epithelial–mesenchymal crosstalk. This creates a drift towards fibrosis rather than regeneration. In the context of this review article, we discuss the most relevant mechanisms involved in IPF pathogenesis with a specific focus on the role of dysfunctional ATII cells in promoting disease progression. In particular, we summarize the main causes of ATII cell dysfunction, such as aging, environmental factors, and genetic determinants. Next, we describe the known mechanisms of physiological lung regeneration by drawing a parallel between embryonic lung development and the known pathways involved in ATII-driven alveolar re-epithelization after injury. Finally, we review the most relevant interventional clinical trials performed in the last 20 years with the aim of underlining the urgency of developing new therapies against IPF that are not only aimed at reducing disease progression by hampering ECM deposition but also boost the physiological processes of ATII-driven alveolar regeneration.
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14
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Malaab M, Renaud L, Takamura N, Zimmerman KD, da Silveira WA, Ramos PS, Haddad S, Peters-Golden M, Penke LR, Wolf BJ, Hardiman G, Langefeld CD, Medsger TA, Feghali-Bostwick CA. Antifibrotic factor KLF4 is repressed by the miR-10/TFAP2A/TBX5 axis in dermal fibroblasts: insights from twins discordant for systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:268-277. [PMID: 34750102 PMCID: PMC8758541 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease of unknown aetiology in which inflammation and fibrosis lead to multiple organ damage. There is currently no effective therapy that can halt the progression of fibrosis or reverse it, thus studies that provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis and identify novel potential therapeutic targets are critically needed. METHODS We used global gene expression and genome-wide DNA methylation analyses of dermal fibroblasts (dFBs) from a unique cohort of twins discordant for SSc to identify molecular features of this pathology. We validated the findings using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. RESULTS Our results revealed distinct differentially expressed and methylated genes, including several transcription factors involved in stem cell differentiation and developmental programmes (KLF4, TBX5, TFAP2A and homeobox genes) and the microRNAs miR-10a and miR-10b which target several of these deregulated genes. We show that KLF4 expression is reduced in SSc dFBs and its expression is repressed by TBX5 and TFAP2A. We also show that KLF4 is antifibrotic, and its conditional knockout in fibroblasts promotes a fibrotic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a role for epigenetic dysregulation in mediating SSc susceptibility in dFBs, illustrating the intricate interplay between CpG methylation, miRNAs and transcription factors in SSc pathogenesis, and highlighting the potential for future use of epigenetic modifiers as therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Malaab
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ludivine Renaud
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Naoko Takamura
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kip D. Zimmerman
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Willian A. da Silveira
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paula S. Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Loka R. Penke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany J. Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK,Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas A. Medsger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol A. Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Corresponding author: Dr. Carol A. Feghali-Bostwick, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC637, Charleston, SC 29425.
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15
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Li MH, Marty-Santos LM, van Ginkel PR, McDermott AE, Rasky AJ, Lukacs NW, Wellik DM. The Lung Elastin Matrix Undergoes Rapid Degradation Upon Adult Loss of Hox5 Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:767454. [PMID: 34901011 PMCID: PMC8662386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox genes encode transcription factors that are critical for embryonic skeletal patterning and organogenesis. The Hoxa5, Hoxb5, and Hoxc5 paralogs are expressed in the lung mesenchyme and function redundantly during embryonic lung development. Conditional loss-of-function of these genes during postnatal stages leads to severe defects in alveologenesis, specifically in the generation of the elastin network, and animals display bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or BPD-like phenotype. Here we show the surprising results that mesenchyme-specific loss of Hox5 function at adult stages leads to rapid disruption of the mature elastin matrix, alveolar enlargement, and an emphysema-like phenotype. As the elastin matrix of the lung is considered highly stable, adult disruption of the matrix was not predicted. Just 2 weeks after deletion, adult Hox5 mutant animals show significant increases in alveolar space and changes in pulmonary function, including reduced elastance and increased compliance. Examination of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of adult Tbx4rtTA; TetOCre; Hox5a f a f bbcc lungs demonstrates a disruption of the elastin network although the underlying fibronectin, interstitial collagen and basement membrane appear unaffected. An influx of macrophages and increased matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) are observed in the distal lung 3 days after Hox5 deletion. In culture, fibroblasts from Hox5 mutant lungs exhibit reduced adhesion. These findings establish a novel role for Hox5 transcription factors as critical regulators of lung fibroblasts at adult homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hang Li
- Genetics Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Leilani M. Marty-Santos
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paul R. van Ginkel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aubrey E. McDermott
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrew J. Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Deneen M. Wellik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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16
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Developmental Pathways Underlying Lung Development and Congenital Lung Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112987. [PMID: 34831210 PMCID: PMC8616556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung organogenesis is a highly coordinated process governed by a network of conserved signaling pathways that ultimately control patterning, growth, and differentiation. This rigorously regulated developmental process culminates with the formation of a fully functional organ. Conversely, failure to correctly regulate this intricate series of events results in severe abnormalities that may compromise postnatal survival or affect/disrupt lung function through early life and adulthood. Conditions like congenital pulmonary airway malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cysts, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia display unique forms of lung abnormalities. The etiology of these disorders is not yet completely understood; however, specific developmental pathways have already been reported as deregulated. In this sense, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to normal/abnormal lung growth and development and their impact on postnatal survival.
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17
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Aros CJ, Pantoja CJ, Gomperts BN. Wnt signaling in lung development, regeneration, and disease progression. Commun Biol 2021; 4:601. [PMID: 34017045 PMCID: PMC8138018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is a vital, intricate system for several important biological processes including mucociliary clearance, airway conductance, and gas exchange. The Wnt signaling pathway plays several crucial and indispensable roles across lung biology in multiple contexts. This review highlights the progress made in characterizing the role of Wnt signaling across several disciplines in lung biology, including development, homeostasis, regeneration following injury, in vitro directed differentiation efforts, and disease progression. We further note uncharted directions in the field that may illuminate important biology. The discoveries made collectively advance our understanding of Wnt signaling in lung biology and have the potential to inform therapeutic advancements for lung diseases. Cody Aros, Carla Pantoja, and Brigitte Gomperts review the key role of Wnt signaling in all aspects of lung development, repair, and disease progression. They provide an overview of recent research findings and highlight where research is needed to further elucidate mechanisms of action, with the aim of improving disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Aros
- UCLA Department of Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla J Pantoja
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brigitte N Gomperts
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Dalgin G, Prince VE. Midline morphogenesis of zebrafish foregut endoderm is dependent on Hoxb5b. Dev Biol 2020; 471:1-9. [PMID: 33290819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During vertebrate embryonic development complex morphogenetic events drive the formation of internal organs associated with the developing digestive tract. The foregut organs derive from hepatopancreatic precursor cells that originate bilaterally within the endoderm monolayer, and subsequently converge toward the midline where they coalesce to produce the gut tube from which the liver and pancreas form. The progenitor cells of these internal organs are influenced by the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), which helps direct them towards their specific fates. However, it is not completely understood how the bilateral organ precursors move toward the embryonic midline and ultimately coalesce to form functional organs. Here we demonstrate that the zebrafish homeobox gene hoxb5b regulates morphogenesis of the foregut endoderm at the midline. At early segmentation stages, hoxb5b is expressed in the LPM adjacent to the developing foregut endoderm. By 24 hpf hoxb5b is expressed directly in the endoderm cells of the developing gut tube. When Hoxb5b function is disrupted, either by morpholino knockdown or sgRNA/Cas9 somatic disruption, the process of foregut morphogenesis is disrupted, resulting in a bifurcated foregut. By contrast, knockdown of the paralogous hoxb5a gene does not alter gut morphology. Further analysis has indicated that Hoxb5b knockdown specimens produce endocrine pancreas cell types, but liver cells are absent. Finally, cell transplantation experiments revealed that Hoxb5b function in the endoderm is not needed for proper coalescence of the foregut at the midline. Together, our findings imply that midline morphogenesis of foregut endoderm is guided by a hoxb5b-mediated mechanism that functions extrinsically, likely within the LPM. Loss of hoxb5b function prevents normal coalescence of endoderm cells at the midline and thus disrupts gut morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Dalgin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Victoria E Prince
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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19
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Tian XP, Su N, Wang L, Huang WJ, Liu YH, Zhang X, Huang HQ, Lin TY, Ma SY, Rao HL, Li M, Liu F, Zhang F, Zhong LY, Liang L, Lan XL, Li J, Liao B, Li ZH, Tang QL, Liang Q, Shao CK, Zhai QL, Cheng RF, Sun Q, Ru K, Gu X, Lin XN, Yi K, Shuang YR, Chen XD, Dong W, Sun C, Sang W, Liu H, Zhu ZG, Rao J, Guo QN, Zhou Y, Meng XL, Zhu Y, Hu CL, Jiang YR, Zhang Y, Gao HY, He WJ, Xia ZJ, Pan XY, Hai L, Li GW, Song LY, Kang TB, Xie D, Cai QQ. A CpG Methylation Classifier to Predict Relapse in Adults with T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3760-3770. [PMID: 32234760 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adults with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) generally benefit from treatment with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-like regimens, but approximately 40% will relapse after such treatment. We evaluated the value of CpG methylation in predicting relapse for adults with T-LBL treated with ALL-like regimens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 549 adults with T-LBL from 27 medical centers were included in the analysis. Using the Illumina Methylation 850K Beadchip, 44 relapse-related CpGs were identified from 49 T-LBL samples by two algorithms: least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). We built a four-CpG classifier using LASSO Cox regression based on association between the methylation level of CpGs and relapse-free survival in the training cohort (n = 160). The four-CpG classifier was validated in the internal testing cohort (n = 68) and independent validation cohort (n = 321). RESULTS The four-CpG-based classifier discriminated patients with T-LBL at high risk of relapse in the training cohort from those at low risk (P < 0.001). This classifier also showed good predictive value in the internal testing cohort (P < 0.001) and the independent validation cohort (P < 0.001). A nomogram incorporating five independent prognostic factors including the CpG-based classifier, lactate dehydrogenase levels, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, central nervous system involvement, and NOTCH1/FBXW7 status showed a significantly higher predictive accuracy than each single variable. Stratification into different subgroups by the nomogram helped identify the subset of patients who most benefited from more intensive chemotherapy and/or sequential hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Our four-CpG-based classifier could predict disease relapse in patients with T-LBL, and could be used to guide treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Juan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Qiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Lan Rao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ye Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Sun-Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Lan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Sun-Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Li Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Run-Fen Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Hematological Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Kun Ru
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xia Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Na Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kun Yi
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Rong Shuang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Hematology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, P.R. China
| | - Cai Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Rao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Ling Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Lu Hu
- Department of Medical? Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Rong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yi Gao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Women and Children Health Care, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun He
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Jun Xia
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yi Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lan Hai
- Department of Hematology, Shunde Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Bang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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20
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Conway RF, Frum T, Conchola AS, Spence JR. Understanding Human Lung Development through In Vitro Model Systems. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000006. [PMID: 32310312 PMCID: PMC7433239 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An abundance of information about lung development in animal models exists; however, comparatively little is known about lung development in humans. Recent advances using primary human lung tissue combined with the use of human in vitro model systems, such as human pluripotent stem cell-derived tissue, have led to a growing understanding of the mechanisms governing human lung development. They have illuminated key differences between animal models and humans, underscoring the need for continued advancements in modeling human lung development and utilizing human tissue. This review discusses the use of human tissue and the use of human in vitro model systems that have been leveraged to better understand key regulators of human lung development and that have identified uniquely human features of development. This review also examines the implementation and challenges of human model systems and discusses how they can be applied to address knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F Conway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Ansley S Conchola
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
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21
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Crane AT, Aravalli RN, Asakura A, Grande AW, Krishna VD, Carlson DF, Cheeran MCJ, Danczyk G, Dutton JR, Hackett PB, Hu WS, Li L, Lu WC, Miller ZD, O'Brien TD, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Parr AM, Pearce C, Ruiz-Estevez M, Shiao M, Sipe CJ, Toman NG, Voth J, Xie H, Steer CJ, Low WC. Interspecies Organogenesis for Human Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1091-1105. [PMID: 31426664 PMCID: PMC6767879 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719845351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocyst complementation combined with gene editing is an emerging approach in the
field of regenerative medicine that could potentially solve the worldwide problem of organ
shortages for transplantation. In theory, blastocyst complementation can generate fully
functional human organs or tissues, grown within genetically engineered livestock animals.
Targeted deletion of a specific gene(s) using gene editing to cause deficiencies in organ
development can open a niche for human stem cells to occupy, thus generating human
tissues. Within this review, we will focus on the pancreas, liver, heart, kidney, lung,
and skeletal muscle, as well as cells of the immune and nervous systems. Within each of
these organ systems, we identify and discuss (i) the common causes of organ failure; (ii)
the current state of regenerative therapies; and (iii) the candidate genes to knockout and
enable specific exogenous organ development via the use of blastocyst complementation. We
also highlight some of the current barriers limiting the success of blastocyst
complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Crane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Rajagopal N Aravalli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Andrew W Grande
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | | | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | - Georgette Danczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - James R Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Perry B Hackett
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Wei-Cheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Zachary D Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Brien
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | | | - Ann M Parr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Clairice Pearce
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Maple Shiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Nikolas G Toman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Joseph Voth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Walter C Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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22
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Pang S, Zhao W, Kang L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yang J, Wang Z, Lu P, Xu M, Wang W, Bo X, Li Z. Evaluation of dynamic developmental processes and the molecular basis of the high body fat percentage of different proglottid types of Moniezia expansa. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:390. [PMID: 31382993 PMCID: PMC6683355 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moniezia expansa (Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae) is a large species of tapeworm that occurs in sheep and cattle and inhabits the small intestine, causing diarrhea and weight declines, leading to stockbreeding losses. Interestingly, the body fat percentage of M. expansa, which lacks the ability to synthesize fatty acids, is as high as 78% (dry weight) and all of the proglottids of M. expansa exhibit a dynamic developmental process from top to bottom. The aim of this paper is to identify the molecular basis of this high body fat percentage, the dynamic expression of developmental genes and their expression regulation patterns. RESULTS From 12 different proglottids (four sections: scolex and neck, immature, mature and gravid with three replicates), 13,874 transcripts and 680 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. The gene expression patterns of the scolex and neck and immature proglottids were very similar, while those of the mature and gravid proglottids differed greatly. In addition, 13 lipid transport-related proteins were found in the DEGs, and the expression levels showed an increasing trend in the four proglottid types. Furthermore, it was shown that 33 homeobox genes, 9 of which were DEGs, had the highest expression in the scolex and neck section. The functional enrichment results of the DEGs were predominantly indicative of development-related processes, and there were also some signal transduction and metabolism results. The most striking result was the finding of Wnt signaling pathways, which appeared multiple times. Furthermore, the weighted gene co-expression networks were divided into 12 modules, of which the brown module was enriched with many development-related genes. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that M. expansa uses lipid transport-associated proteins to transport lipids from the host gut to obtain energy to facilitate its high fecundity. In addition, homeobox genes and Wnt signaling pathways play a core role in development and regeneration. The results promote research on the cell differentiation involved in the continuous growth and extension of body structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Shuai Pang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Lichao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Yangcheng Country Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Jincheng, China
| | - Jingquan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Lu
- Xinjiang Tiankang Feed Technology Co., Ltd, Ürümqi, China
| | - Mengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Xinwen Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China.
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23
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Skolasinski SD, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A. Lung tissue bioengineering for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: overcoming the need for lung transplantation from human donors. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:665-678. [PMID: 31164014 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1624163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects more than 380 million people, causing more than 3 million deaths annually worldwide. Despite this enormous burden, currently available therapies are largely limited to symptom control. Lung transplant is considered for end-stage disease but is severely limited by the availability of human organs. Furthermore, the pre-transplant course is a complex orchestration of locating and harvesting suitable lungs, and the post-transplant course is complicated by rejection and infection. Lung tissue bioengineering has the potential to relieve the organ shortage and improve the post-transplant course by generating patient-specific lungs for transplant. Additionally, emerging progenitor cell therapies may facilitate in vivo regeneration of pulmonary tissue, obviating the need for transplant. Areas Covered: We review several lung tissue bioengineering approaches including the recellularization of decellularized scaffolds, 3D bioprinting, genetically-engineered xenotransplantation, blastocyst complementation, and direct therapy with progenitor cells. Articles were identified by searching relevant terms (see Key Words) in the PubMed database and selected for inclusion based on novelty and uniqueness of their approach. Expert Opinion: Lung tissue bioengineering research is in the early stages. Of the methods reviewed, only direct cell therapy has been investigated in humans. We anticipate a minimum of 5-10 years before human therapy will be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Skolasinski
- a Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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24
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Wei X, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Kwon OJ, Zhang Y, Nguyen H, Dumpit R, True L, Nelson P, Dong B, Xue W, Birchmeier W, Taketo MM, Xu F, Creighton CJ, Ittmann MM, Xin L. Spatially Restricted Stromal Wnt Signaling Restrains Prostate Epithelial Progenitor Growth through Direct and Indirect Mechanisms. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:753-768.e6. [PMID: 30982770 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-autonomous Wnt signaling has well-characterized functions in controlling stem cell activity, including in the prostate. While niche cells secrete Wnt ligands, the effects of Wnt signaling in niche cells per se are less understood. Here, we show that stromal cells in the proximal prostatic duct near the urethra, a mouse prostate stem cell niche, not only produce multiple Wnt ligands but also exhibit strong Wnt/β-catenin activity. The non-canonical Wnt ligand Wnt5a, secreted by proximal stromal cells, directly inhibits proliefration of prostate epithelial stem or progenitor cells whereas stromal cell-autonomous canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling indirectly suppresses prostate stem or progenitor activity via the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway. Collectively, these pathways restrain the proliferative potential of epithelial cells in the proximal prostatic ducts. Human prostate likewise exhibits spatially restricted distribution of stromal Wnt/β-catenin activity, suggesting a conserved mechanism for tissue patterning. Thus, this study shows how distinct stromal signaling mechanisms within the prostate cooperate to regulate tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruth Dumpit
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lawrence True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Nelson
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Makoto M Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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25
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Sachs N, Papaspyropoulos A, Zomer-van Ommen DD, Heo I, Böttinger L, Klay D, Weeber F, Huelsz-Prince G, Iakobachvili N, Amatngalim GD, de Ligt J, van Hoeck A, Proost N, Viveen MC, Lyubimova A, Teeven L, Derakhshan S, Korving J, Begthel H, Dekkers JF, Kumawat K, Ramos E, van Oosterhout MF, Offerhaus GJ, Wiener DJ, Olimpio EP, Dijkstra KK, Smit EF, van der Linden M, Jaksani S, van de Ven M, Jonkers J, Rios AC, Voest EE, van Moorsel CH, van der Ent CK, Cuppen E, van Oudenaarden A, Coenjaerts FE, Meyaard L, Bont LJ, Peters PJ, Tans SJ, van Zon JS, Boj SF, Vries RG, Beekman JM, Clevers H. Long-term expanding human airway organoids for disease modeling. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100300. [PMID: 30643021 PMCID: PMC6376275 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are self-organizing 3D structures grown from stem cells that recapitulate essential aspects of organ structure and function. Here, we describe a method to establish long-term-expanding human airway organoids from broncho-alveolar resections or lavage material. The pseudostratified airway organoids consist of basal cells, functional multi-ciliated cells, mucus-producing secretory cells, and CC10-secreting club cells. Airway organoids derived from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients allow assessment of CFTR function in an organoid swelling assay. Organoids established from lung cancer resections and metastasis biopsies retain tumor histopathology as well as cancer gene mutations and are amenable to drug screening. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection recapitulates central disease features, dramatically increases organoid cell motility via the non-structural viral NS2 protein, and preferentially recruits neutrophils upon co-culturing. We conclude that human airway organoids represent versatile models for the in vitro study of hereditary, malignant, and infectious pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Sachs
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Inha Heo
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Böttinger
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dymph Klay
- St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur Weeber
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalie Proost
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Lyubimova
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Teeven
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sepideh Derakhshan
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna F Dekkers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kuldeep Kumawat
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilio Ramos
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dominique J Wiener
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Egbert F Smit
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linde Meyaard
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis J Bont
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Xu Y, Kalinichenko VV. Building and Regenerating the Lung Cell by Cell. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:513-554. [PMID: 30427276 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique architecture of the mammalian lung is required for adaptation to air breathing at birth and thereafter. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling its morphogenesis provides the framework for understanding the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing data and high-resolution imaging identify the remarkable heterogeneity of pulmonary cell types and provides cell selective gene expression underlying lung development. We will address fundamental issues related to the diversity of pulmonary cells, to the formation and function of the mammalian lung, and will review recent advances regarding the cellular and molecular pathways involved in lung organogenesis. What cells form the lung in the early embryo? How are cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation regulated during lung morphogenesis? How do cells interact during lung formation and repair? How do signaling and transcriptional programs determine cell-cell interactions necessary for lung morphogenesis and function?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
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27
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Vaschetto LM, Ortiz N. The Role of Sequence Duplication in Transcriptional Regulation and Genome Evolution. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:405-408. [PMID: 32476997 PMCID: PMC7235390 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666190320140721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence duplication is nowadays recognized as an important mechanism that underlies the evolution of eukaryote genomes, being indeed one of the most powerful strategies for the generation of adaptive diversity by modulating transcriptional activity. The evolutionary novelties simultaneously associated with sequence duplication and differential gene expression can be collectively referred to as duplication-mediated transcriptional regulation. In the last years, evidence has emerged supporting the idea that sequence duplication and functionalization represent important evolutionary strategies acting at the genome level, and both coding and non-coding sequences have been found to be targets of such events. Moreover, it has been proposed that deleterious effects of sequence duplication might be potentially silenced by endogenous cell machinery (i.e., RNA interference, epigenetic repressive marks, etc). Along these lines, our aim is to highlight the role of sequence duplication on transcriptional activity and the importance of both in genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Vaschetto
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IDEA, CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (FCEFyN, UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ortiz
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IDEA, CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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28
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Hox5 genes direct elastin network formation during alveologenesis by regulating myofibroblast adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10605-E10614. [PMID: 30348760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807067115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox5 genes (Hoxa5, Hoxb5, Hoxc5) are exclusively expressed in the lung mesenchyme during embryogenesis, and the most severe phenotypes result from constitutive loss of function of all three genes. Because Hox5 triple null mutants exhibit perinatal lethality, the contribution of this paralogous group to postembryonic lung development is unknown. Intriguingly, expression of all three Hox5 genes peaks during the first 2 weeks after birth, reaching levels far exceeding those measured at embryonic stages, and surviving Hoxa5 single and Hox5 AabbCc compound mutants exhibit defects in the localization of alveolar myofibroblasts. To define the contribution of the entire Hox5 paralogous group to this process, we generated an Hoxa5 conditional allele to use with our existing null alleles for Hoxb5 and Hoxc5 Postnatally, mesenchymal deletion of Hoxa5 in an Hoxb5/Hoxc5 double-mutant background results in severe alveolar simplification. The elastin network required for alveolar formation is dramatically disrupted in Hox5 triple mutants, while the basal lamina, interstitial matrix, and fibronectin are normal. Alveolar myofibroblasts remain Pdgfrα+/SMA+ double positive and present in normal numbers, indicating that the irregular elastin network is not due to fibroblast differentiation defects. Rather, we observe that SMA+ myofibroblasts of Hox5 triple mutants are morphologically abnormal both in vivo and in vitro with highly reduced adherence to fibronectin. This loss of adhesion is a result of loss of the integrin heterodimer Itga5b1 in mutant fibroblasts. Collectively, these data show an important role for Hox5 genes in lung fibroblast adhesion necessary for proper elastin network formation during alveologenesis.
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29
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Moghieb A, Clair G, Mitchell HD, Kitzmiller J, Zink EM, Kim YM, Petyuk V, Shukla A, Moore RJ, Metz TO, Carson J, McDermott JE, Corley RA, Whitsett JA, Ansong C. Time-resolved proteome profiling of normal lung development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L11-L24. [PMID: 29516783 PMCID: PMC6087896 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00316.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical networks mediating normal lung morphogenesis and function have important implications for ameliorating morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Although several transcript-level studies have examined normal lung development, corresponding protein-level analyses are lacking. Here we performed proteomics analysis of murine lungs from embryonic to early adult ages to identify the molecular networks mediating normal lung development. We identified 8,932 proteins, providing a deep and comprehensive view of the lung proteome. Analysis of the proteomics data revealed discrete modules and the underlying regulatory and signaling network modulating their expression during development. Our data support the cell proliferation that characterizes early lung development and highlight responses of the lung to exposure to a nonsterile oxygen-rich ambient environment and the important role of lipid (surfactant) metabolism in lung development. Comparison of dynamic regulation of proteomic and recent transcriptomic analyses identified biological processes under posttranscriptional control. Our study provides a unique proteomic resource for understanding normal lung formation and function and can be freely accessed at Lungmap.net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Moghieb
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Joseph Kitzmiller
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Erika M Zink
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Vladislav Petyuk
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Anil Shukla
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - James Carson
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas
| | - Jason E McDermott
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Richard A Corley
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington
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Yang J, Qu Y, Huang Y, Lei F. Dynamic transcriptome profiling towards understanding the morphogenesis and development of diverse feather in domestic duck. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:391. [PMID: 29793441 PMCID: PMC5968480 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feathers with complex and fine structure are hallmark avian integument appendages, which have contributed significantly to the survival and breeding for birds. Here, we aimed to explore the differentiation, morphogenesis and development of diverse feathers in the domestic duck. Results Transcriptome profiles of skin owing feather follicle from two body parts at three physiological stages were constructed to understand the molecular network and excavate the candidate genes associated with the development of plumulaceous and flight feather structures. The venn analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between abdomen and wing skin tissues at three developmental stages showed that 38 genes owing identical differentially expression pattern. Together, our data suggest that feather morphological and structural diversity can be possibly related to the homeobox proteins. The key series-clusters, many candidate biological processes and genes were identified for the morphogenesis, growth and development of two feather types. Through comparing the results of developmental transcriptomes from plumulaceous and flight feather, we found that DEGs belonging to the family of WNT, FGF and BMP have certain differences; even the consistent DEGs of skin and feather follicle transcriptomes from abdomen and wing have the different expression patterns. Conclusions Overall, this study detected many functional genes and showed differences in the molecular mechanisms of diverse feather developments. The findings in WNT, FGF and BMP, which were consistent with biological experiments, showed more possible complex modulations. A correlative role of HOX genes was also suggested but future biological verification experiments are required. This work provided valuable information for subsequent research on the morphogenesis of feathers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4778-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions' Sustainable Development, School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions' Sustainable Development, School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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Loss of Hox5 function results in myofibroblast mislocalization and distal lung matrix defects during postnatal development. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:1030-1038. [PMID: 29752580 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alveologenesis is the final stage of lung development and is responsible for the formation of the principle gas exchange units called alveoli. The lung mesenchyme, in particular the alveolar myofibroblasts, are drivers of alveolar development, however, few key regulators that govern the proper distribution and behavior of these cells in the distal lung during alveologenesis have been identified. While Hox5 triple mutants (Hox5 aabbcc) exhibit neonatal lethality, four-allele, compound mutant mice (Hox5 AabbCc) are born in Mendelian ratios and are phenotypically normal at birth. However, they exhibit defects in alveologenesis characterized by a BPD-like phenotype by early postnatal stages that becomes more pronounced at adult stages. Invasive pulmonary functional analyses demonstrate significant increases in total lung volume and compliance and a decrease in elastance in Hox5 compound mutants. SMA+ myofibroblasts in the distal lung are distributed abnormally during peak stages of alveologenesis and aggregate, resulting in the formation of a disrupted elastin network. Examination of other key components of the distal lung ECM, as well as other epithelial cells and lipofibroblasts reveal no differences in distribution. Collectively, these data indicate that Hox5 genes play a critical role in alveolar development by governing the proper cellular behavior of myofibroblasts during alveologenesis.
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32
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Barsh GR, Isabella AJ, Moens CB. Vagus Motor Neuron Topographic Map Determined by Parallel Mechanisms of hox5 Expression and Time of Axon Initiation. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3812-3825.e3. [PMID: 29225029 PMCID: PMC5755714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many networks throughout the nervous system are organized into topographic maps, where the positions of neuron cell bodies in the projecting field correspond with the positions of their axons in the target field. Previous studies of topographic map development show evidence for spatial patterning mechanisms, in which molecular determinants expressed across the projecting and target fields are matched directly in a point-to-point mapping process. Here, we describe a novel temporal mechanism of topographic map formation that depends on spatially regulated differences in the timing of axon outgrowth and functions in parallel with spatial point-to-point mapping mechanisms. We focus on the vagus motor neurons, which are topographically arranged in both mammals and fish. We show that cell position along the anterior-posterior axis of hindbrain rhombomere 8 determines expression of hox5 genes, which are expressed in posterior, but not anterior, vagus motor neurons. Using live imaging and transplantation in zebrafish embryos, we additionally reveal that axon initiation is delayed in posterior vagus motor neurons independent of neuron birth time. We show that hox5 expression directs topographic mapping without affecting time of axon outgrowth and that time of axon outgrowth directs topographic mapping without affecting hox5 expression. The vagus motor neuron topographic map is therefore determined by two mechanisms that act in parallel: a hox5-dependent spatial mechanism akin to classic mechanisms of topographic map formation and a novel axon outgrowth-dependent temporal mechanism in which time of axon formation is spatially regulated to direct axon targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle R Barsh
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam J Isabella
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Lizen B, Moens C, Mouheiche J, Sacré T, Ahn MT, Jeannotte L, Salti A, Gofflot F. Conditional Loss of Hoxa5 Function Early after Birth Impacts on Expression of Genes with Synaptic Function. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:369. [PMID: 29187810 PMCID: PMC5695161 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoxa5 is a member of the Hox gene family that plays critical roles in successive steps of the central nervous system formation during embryonic and fetal development. In the mouse, Hoxa5 was recently shown to be expressed in the medulla oblongata and the pons from fetal stages to adulthood. In these territories, Hoxa5 transcripts are enriched in many precerebellar neurons and several nuclei involved in autonomic functions, while the HOXA5 protein is detected mainly in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. However, whether HOXA5 is functionally required in these neurons after birth remains unknown. As a first approach to tackle this question, we aimed at determining the molecular programs downstream of the HOXA5 transcription factor in the context of the postnatal brainstem. A comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed in combination with gene expression localization, using a conditional postnatal Hoxa5 loss-of-function mouse model. After inactivation of Hoxa5 at postnatal days (P)1–P4, we established the transcriptome of the brainstem from P21 Hoxa5 conditional mutants using RNA-Seq analysis. One major finding was the downregulation of several genes associated with synaptic function in Hoxa5 mutant specimens including different actors involved in glutamatergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway, and GABAergic synapse. Data were confirmed and extended by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the expression of several HOXA5 candidate targets was shown to co-localize with Hoxa5 transcripts in precerebellar nuclei. Together, these new results revealed that HOXA5, through the regulation of key actors of the glutamatergic/GABAergic synapses and calcium signaling, might be involved in synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar circuitry in the postnatal brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Lizen
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Moens
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jinane Mouheiche
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thomas Sacré
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Thérèse Ahn
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Lucie Jeannotte
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmad Salti
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Françoise Gofflot
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Surate Solaligue DE, Rodríguez-Castillo JA, Ahlbrecht K, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of late lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1101-L1153. [PMID: 28971976 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00343.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of lung development is to generate an organ of gas exchange that provides both a thin gas diffusion barrier and a large gas diffusion surface area, which concomitantly generates a steep gas diffusion concentration gradient. As such, the lung is perfectly structured to undertake the function of gas exchange: a large number of small alveoli provide extensive surface area within the limited volume of the lung, and a delicate alveolo-capillary barrier brings circulating blood into close proximity to the inspired air. Efficient movement of inspired air and circulating blood through the conducting airways and conducting vessels, respectively, generates steep oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients across the alveolo-capillary barrier, providing ideal conditions for effective diffusion of both gases during breathing. The development of the gas exchange apparatus of the lung occurs during the second phase of lung development-namely, late lung development-which includes the canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stages of lung development. It is during these stages of lung development that preterm-born infants are delivered, when the lung is not yet competent for effective gas exchange. These infants may develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a syndrome complicated by disturbances to the development of the alveoli and the pulmonary vasculature. It is the objective of this review to update the reader about recent developments that further our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and vascularization and the pathogenesis of BPD and other neonatal lung diseases that feature lung hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Surate Solaligue
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Alberto Rodríguez-Castillo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and .,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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35
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He H, Huang M, Sun S, Wu Y, Lin X. Epithelial heparan sulfate regulates Sonic Hedgehog signaling in lung development. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006992. [PMID: 28859094 PMCID: PMC5597256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tree-like structure of the mammalian lung is generated from branching morphogenesis, a reiterative process that is precisely regulated by numerous factors. How the cell surface and extra cellular matrix (ECM) molecules regulate this process is still poorly understood. Herein, we show that epithelial deletion of Heparan Sulfate (HS) synthetase Ext1 resulted in expanded branching tips and reduced branching number, associated with several mesenchymal developmental defects. We further demonstrate an expanded Fgf10 expression and increased FGF signaling activity in Ext1 mutant lungs, suggesting a cell non-autonomous mechanism. Consistent with this, we observed reduced levels of SHH signaling which is responsible for suppressing Fgf10 expression. Moreover, reactivating SHH signaling in mutant lungs rescued the tip dilation phenotype and attenuated FGF signaling. Importantly, the reduced SHH signaling activity did not appear to be caused by decreased Shh expression or protein stability; instead, biologically active form of SHH proteins were reduced in both the Ext1 mutant epithelium and surrounding wild type mesenchymal cells. Together, our study highlights the epithelial HS as a key player for dictating SHH signaling critical for lung morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meina Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- * E-mail: ,
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Landry-Truchon K, Houde N, Boucherat O, Joncas FH, Dasen JS, Philippidou P, Mansfield JH, Jeannotte L. HOXA5 plays tissue-specific roles in the developing respiratory system. Development 2017; 144:3547-3561. [PMID: 28827394 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hoxa5 is essential for development of several organs and tissues. In the respiratory system, loss of Hoxa5 function causes neonatal death due to respiratory distress. Expression of HOXA5 protein in mesenchyme of the respiratory tract and in phrenic motor neurons of the central nervous system led us to address the individual contribution of these Hoxa5 expression domains using a conditional gene targeting approach. Hoxa5 does not play a cell-autonomous role in lung epithelium, consistent with lack of HOXA5 expression in this cell layer. In contrast, ablation of Hoxa5 in mesenchyme perturbed trachea development, lung epithelial cell differentiation and lung growth. Further, deletion of Hoxa5 in motor neurons resulted in abnormal diaphragm innervation and musculature, and lung hypoplasia. It also reproduced the neonatal lethality observed in null mutants, indicating that the defective diaphragm is the main cause of impaired survival at birth. Thus, Hoxa5 possesses tissue-specific functions that differentially contribute to the morphogenesis of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Landry-Truchon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Houde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - France-Hélène Joncas
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Jeremy S Dasen
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Polyxeni Philippidou
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Jennifer H Mansfield
- Department of Biology, Barnard College-Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lucie Jeannotte
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec G1R 3S3, Canada
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Nikolić MZ, Caritg O, Jeng Q, Johnson JA, Sun D, Howell KJ, Brady JL, Laresgoiti U, Allen G, Butler R, Zilbauer M, Giangreco A, Rawlins EL. Human embryonic lung epithelial tips are multipotent progenitors that can be expanded in vitro as long-term self-renewing organoids. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28665271 PMCID: PMC5555721 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic mouse lung is a widely used substitute for human lung development. For example, attempts to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells to lung epithelium rely on passing through progenitor states that have only been described in mouse. The tip epithelium of the branching mouse lung is a multipotent progenitor pool that self-renews and produces differentiating descendants. We hypothesized that the human distal tip epithelium is an analogous progenitor population and tested this by examining morphology, gene expression and in vitro self-renewal and differentiation capacity of human tips. These experiments confirm that human and mouse tips are analogous and identify signalling pathways that are sufficient for long-term self-renewal of human tips as differentiation-competent organoids. Moreover, we identify mouse-human differences, including markers that define progenitor states and signalling requirements for long-term self-renewal. Our organoid system provides a genetically-tractable tool that will allow these human-specific features of lung development to be investigated. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26575.001 Degenerative lung disease occurs when the structure of the lungs breaks down, which makes it harder to get enough oxygen into the bloodstream. Most, but not all, cases occur in smokers and ex-smokers or people who have been exposed to a lot of air pollution. Currently, there is no way to reverse the damage, and even slowing the progress of the disease is extremely difficult. Some researchers are looking for ways to treat patients with degenerative lung diseases by regenerating the surface of their lungs. However, it is still not clear what the most effective route towards this long-term goal will be. One approach to lung regeneration is to use findings from developmental biology to understand how embryos normally build the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs. This knowledge may allow scientists to trigger a similar process in an adult lung to renew or replace any diseased tissue. Alternatively, cells could be collected from patients, reprogrammed and then coaxed into becoming a gas exchange surface in the laboratory. Such a “lung-in-a-dish” could be used to understand how degenerative diseases develop, to discover and test new drugs, or even to treat the patient directly via a transplant. To date, the embryonic development of lungs has mostly been studied using mouse lungs as a model system. However, it was not clear if human lungs actually develop in similar ways to mouse lungs, and whether using mice is a valid research strategy. Nikolić et al. compared embryonic lungs from humans and mice and showed that they are indeed very similar in terms of the cell types that they contain and how they mature. However, some key differences were identified that can only be explored in human cells and tissue. Nikolić et al. went on to identify conditions that allowed them to grow cells from human embryonic lungs indefinitely in a dish. These cells can now be used to investigate the aspects of lung development that are specific to humans. Together these findings provide a useful guide to allow scientists to coax human cells growing in a laboratory to become lung cells. Further improvements to this process will make the lungs-in-a-dish more true to the real organs, meaning that they could be used to better understand lung disease and identify new medicines. In the longer term, Nikolić et al. hope to gain enough insight from the human lung-in-a-dish model to eventually be able to regenerate the lungs of patients with degenerative lung disease. However, this possibility is still many years away. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26575.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Z Nikolić
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oriol Caritg
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Quitz Jeng
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jo-Anne Johnson
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J Howell
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane L Brady
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Usua Laresgoiti
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George Allen
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Butler
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Cambridge and Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Giangreco
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Böhmer C. Correlation between Hox code and vertebral morphology in the mouse: towards a universal model for Synapsida. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2017; 3:8. [PMID: 28630745 PMCID: PMC5469011 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-017-0069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of the cervical vertebrae as part of the skull-neck system in facilitating the success and diversity of tetrapods is clear. The reconstruction of its evolution, however, is problematic because of the variation in the number of vertebrae, making it difficult to identify homologous elements. Quantification of the morphological differentiation in the neck of diverse archosaurs established homologous units of vertebrae (i.e. modules) resulting from Hox gene expression patterns within the cervical vertebral column. The present study aims to investigate the modularity of the cervical vertebral column in the mouse and to reveal the genetic patterns and changes underlying the evolution of the neck of modern mammals and their extinct relatives. In contrast to modern mammals, non-mammalian synapsids are characterized by a variable cervical count, the presence of free cervical ribs and the presence of a separate CV1 centrum. How might these evolutionary modifications be associated with changes in the Hox code? RESULTS In combination with up-to-date information on cervical Hox gene expression including description of the vertebral phenotype of Hox knock-out mutants, the 3D landmark-based geometric morphometric approach demonstrates a correlation between Hox code and vertebral morphology in the mouse. There is evidence that the modularity of the neck of the mouse had already been established in the last common ancestor of mammals, but differed from that of non-mammalian synapsids. The differences that likely occurred during the evolution of synapsids include an anterior shift in HoxA-5 expression in relation to the reduction of cervical ribs and an anterior shift in HoxD-4 expression linked to the development of the highly differentiated atlas-axis complex, whereas the remaining Hox genes may have displayed a pattern similar to that in mammals on the basis of the high level of conservatism in the axial skeleton of this lineage. CONCLUSION Thus, the mouse Hox code provides a model for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the great morphological adaptability of the cervical vertebral column in Synapsida. However, more studies in non-model organisms are required to further elucidate the evolutionary role of Hox genes in axial patterning of the unique mammalian body plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Böhmer
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier CP-55, Paris, France
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Ptaschinski C, Hrycaj SM, Schaller MA, Wellik DM, Lukacs NW. Hox5 Paralogous Genes Modulate Th2 Cell Function during Chronic Allergic Inflammation via Regulation of Gata3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:501-509. [PMID: 28576978 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a significant health burden in western countries, and continues to increase in prevalence. Th2 cells contribute to the development of disease through release of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, resulting in increased airway eosinophils and mucus hypersecretion. The molecular mechanisms behind the disease pathology remain largely unknown. In this study we investigated a potential regulatory role for the Hox5 gene family, Hoxa5, Hoxb5, and Hoxc5, genes known to be important in lung development within mesenchymal cell populations. We found that Hox5-mutant mice show exacerbated pathology compared with wild-type controls in a chronic allergen model, with an increased Th2 response and exacerbated lung tissue pathology. Bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that the observed enhanced pathology was mediated by immune cell function independent of mesenchymal cell Hox5 family function. Examination of T cells grown in Th2 polarizing conditions showed increased proliferation, enhanced Gata3 expression, and elevated production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in Hox5-deficient T cells compared with wild-type controls. Overexpression of FLAG-tagged HOX5 proteins in Jurkat cells demonstrated HOX5 binding to the Gata3 locus and decreased Gata3 and IL-4 expression, supporting a role for HOX5 proteins in direct transcriptional control of Th2 development. These results reveal a novel role for Hox5 genes as developmental regulators of Th2 immune cell function that demonstrates a redeployment of mesenchyme-associated developmental genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven M Hrycaj
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Matthew A Schaller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Deneen M Wellik
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
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40
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Chen YW, Huang SX, de Carvalho ALRT, Ho SH, Islam MN, Volpi S, Notarangelo LD, Ciancanelli M, Casanova JL, Bhattacharya J, Liang AF, Palermo LM, Porotto M, Moscona A, Snoeck HW. A three-dimensional model of human lung development and disease from pluripotent stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:542-549. [PMID: 28436965 PMCID: PMC5777163 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recapitulation of lung development from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in three dimensions (3D) would allow deeper insight into human development, as well as the development of innovative strategies for disease modelling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. We report here the generation from hPSCs of lung bud organoids (LBOs) that contain mesoderm and pulmonary endoderm and develop into branching airway and early alveolar structures after xenotransplantation and in Matrigel 3D culture. Expression analysis and structural features indicated that the branching structures reached the second trimester of human gestation. Infection in vitro with respiratory syncytial virus, which causes small airway obstruction and bronchiolitis in infants, led to swelling, detachment and shedding of infected cells into the organoid lumens, similar to what has been observed in human lungs. Introduction of mutation in HPS1, which causes an early-onset form of intractable pulmonary fibrosis, led to accumulation of extracellular matrix and mesenchymal cells, suggesting the potential use of this model to recapitulate fibrotic lung disease in vitro. LBOs therefore recapitulate lung development and may provide a useful tool to model lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chen
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sarah Xuelian Huang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Rodrigues Toste de Carvalho
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Siu-Hong Ho
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Stefano Volpi
- Division of Immunology and Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- U.O. Pediatria 2, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology and Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Ciancanelli
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jahar Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alice F. Liang
- OCS Microscopy Core, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Laura M Palermo
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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41
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promoted Lung Wound Repair through Hox A9 during Endotoxemia-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3648020. [PMID: 28465690 PMCID: PMC5390609 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3648020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical critical disease. Stem cells transplantation is recognized as an effective way to repair injured lung tissues. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on repair of lung and its mechanism. Methods. MSCs carrying GFP were administrated via trachea into wild-type SD rats 4 hours later after LPS administration. The lung histological pathology and the distribution of MSCs were determined by HE staining and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Next, differentially expressed HOX genes were screened by using real-time PCR array and abnormal expression and function of Hox A9 were analyzed in the lung and the cells. Results. MSCs promoted survival rate of ALI animals. The expression levels of multiple HOX genes had obvious changes after MSCs administration and HOX A9 gene increased by 5.94-fold after MSCs administration into ALI animals. HOX A9 was distributed in endothelial cells and epithelial cells in animal models and overexpression of Hox A9 can promote proliferation and inhibit inflammatory adhesion of MSCs. Conclusion. HoxA9 overexpression induced by MSCs may be closely linked with lung repair after endotoxin shock.
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42
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Homeobox, Wnt, and Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling is Augmented During Alveogenesis in Mice Lacking Superoxide Dismutase 3, Extracellular. Lung 2017; 195:263-270. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-9980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rux DR, Wellik DM. Hox genes in the adult skeleton: Novel functions beyond embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:310-317. [PMID: 28026082 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox genes encode evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that control skeletal patterning in the developing embryo. They are expressed in regionally restricted domains and function to regulate the morphology of specific vertebral and long bone elements. Recent work has provided evidence that Hox genes continue to be regionally expressed in adult tissues. Fibroblasts cultured from adult tissues show broadly maintained Hox gene expression patterns. In the adult skeleton, Hox genes are expressed in progenitor-enriched populations of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and genetic loss-of-function analyses have provided evidence that Hox genes function during the fracture healing process. This review will highlight our current understanding of Hox expression in the adult animal and its function in skeletal regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 246:310-317, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Rux
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Deneen M Wellik
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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44
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Chanda D, Kurundkar A, Rangarajan S, Locy M, Bernard K, Sharma NS, Logsdon NJ, Liu H, Crossman DK, Horowitz JC, De Langhe S, Thannickal VJ. Developmental Reprogramming in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells of Human Subjects with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37445. [PMID: 27869174 PMCID: PMC5116673 DOI: 10.1038/srep37445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity and de-differentiation are hallmarks of tissue/organ regenerative capacity in diverse species. Despite a more restricted capacity for regeneration, humans with age-related chronic diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis, show evidence of a recapitulation of developmental gene programs. We have previously identified a resident population of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the terminal airways-alveoli by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of human adult lungs. In this study, we characterized MSCs from BAL of patients with stable and progressive idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), defined as <5% and ≥10% decline, respectively, in forced vital capacity over the preceding 6-month period. Gene expression profiles of MSCs from IPF subjects with progressive disease were enriched for genes regulating lung development. Most notably, genes regulating early tissue patterning and branching morphogenesis were differentially regulated. Network interactive modeling of a set of these genes indicated central roles for TGF-β and SHH signaling. Importantly, fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) was markedly suppressed in IPF subjects with progressive disease, and both TGF-β1 and SHH signaling were identified as critical mediators of this effect in MSCs. These findings support the concept of developmental gene re-activation in IPF, and FGF-10 deficiency as a potentially critical factor in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ashish Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Morgan Locy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nirmal S Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Naomi J Logsdon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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45
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Rankin SA, Han L, McCracken KW, Kenny AP, Anglin CT, Grigg EA, Crawford CM, Wells JM, Shannon JM, Zorn AM. A Retinoic Acid-Hedgehog Cascade Coordinates Mesoderm-Inducing Signals and Endoderm Competence during Lung Specification. Cell Rep 2016; 16:66-78. [PMID: 27320915 PMCID: PMC5314425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis of the trachea and lungs requires a complex series of mesoderm-endoderm interactions mediated by WNT, BMP, retinoic acid (RA), and hedgehog (Hh), but how these pathways interact in a gene regulatory network is less clear. Using Xenopus embryology, mouse genetics, and human ES cell cultures, we identified a conserved signaling cascade that initiates respiratory lineage specification. We show that RA has multiple roles; first RA pre-patterns the lateral plate mesoderm and then it promotes Hh ligand expression in the foregut endoderm. Hh subsequently signals back to the pre-patterned mesoderm to promote expression of the lung-inducing ligands Wnt2/2b and Bmp4. Finally, RA regulates the competence of the endoderm to activate the Nkx2-1+ respiratory program in response to these mesodermal WNT and BMP signals. These data provide insights into early lung development and a paradigm for how mesenchymal signals are coordinated with epithelial competence during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Rankin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lu Han
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kyle W McCracken
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alan P Kenny
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Christopher T Anglin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily A Grigg
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Calyn M Crawford
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John M Shannon
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Abstract
Hox proteins are a deeply conserved group of transcription factors originally defined for their critical roles in governing segmental identity along the antero-posterior (AP) axis in
Drosophila. Over the last 30 years, numerous data generated in evolutionarily diverse taxa have clearly shown that changes in the expression patterns of these genes are closely associated with the regionalization of the AP axis, suggesting that
Hox genes have played a critical role in the evolution of novel body plans within Bilateria. Despite this deep functional conservation and the importance of these genes in AP patterning, key questions remain regarding many aspects of
Hox biology. In this commentary, we highlight recent reports that have provided novel insight into the origins of the mammalian
Hox cluster, the role of
Hox genes in the generation of a limbless body plan, and a novel putative mechanism in which
Hox genes may encode specificity along the AP axis. Although the data discussed here offer a fresh perspective, it is clear that there is still much to learn about
Hox biology and the roles it has played in the evolution of the Bilaterian body plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Hrycaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Deneen M Wellik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2200, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2200, USA
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Jeannotte L, Gotti F, Landry-Truchon K. Hoxa5: A Key Player in Development and Disease. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:E13. [PMID: 29615582 PMCID: PMC5831783 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical position in the developmental hierarchy is occupied by the Hox genes, which encode transcription factors. Hox genes are crucial in specifying regional identity along the embryonic axes and in regulating morphogenesis. In mouse, targeted mutations of Hox genes cause skeletal transformations and organ defects that can impair viability. Here, we present the current knowledge about the Hoxa5 gene, a paradigm for the function and the regulation of Hox genes. The phenotypic survey of Hoxa5-/- mice has unveiled its critical role in the regional specification of the skeleton and in organogenesis. Most Hoxa5-/- mice die at birth from respiratory distress due to tracheal and lung dysmorphogenesis and impaired diaphragm innervation. The severity of the phenotype establishes that Hoxa5 plays a predominant role in lung organogenesis versus other Hox genes. Hoxa5 also governs digestive tract morphogenesis, thyroid and mammary glands development, and ovary homeostasis. Deregulated Hoxa5 expression is reported in cancers, indicating Hoxa5 involvement in tumor predisposition and progression. The dynamic Hoxa5 expression profile is under the transcriptional control of multiple cis-acting sequences and trans-acting regulators. It is also modulated by epigenetic mechanisms, implicating chromatin modifications and microRNAs. Finally, lncRNAs originating from alternative splicing and distal promoters encompass the Hoxa5 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jeannotte
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Florian Gotti
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Kim Landry-Truchon
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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48
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Aiello NM, Stanger BZ. Echoes of the embryo: using the developmental biology toolkit to study cancer. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:105-14. [PMID: 26839398 PMCID: PMC4770149 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of embryonic development is regulation - the tendency for cells to find their way into organized and 'well behaved' structures - whereas cancer is characterized by dysregulation and disorder. At face value, cancer biology and developmental biology would thus seem to have little to do with each other. But if one looks beneath the surface, embryos and cancers share a number of cellular and molecular features. Embryos arise from a single cell and undergo rapid growth involving cell migration and cell-cell interactions: features that are also seen in the context of cancer. Consequently, many of the experimental tools that have been used to study embryogenesis for over a century are well-suited to studying cancer. This article will review the similarities between embryogenesis and cancer progression and discuss how some of the concepts and techniques used to understand embryos are now being adapted to provide insight into tumorigenesis, from the origins of cancer cells to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Aiello
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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49
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Han L, Nasr T, Zorn AM. Mesodermal lineages in the developing respiratory system. TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 9:91-110. [PMID: 34707332 PMCID: PMC8547324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The life-sustaining air-blood interface of the respiratory system requires the exquisite integration of the epithelial lining with the mesenchymal capillary network, all supported by elastic smooth muscle and rigid cartilage keeping the expandable airways open. These intimate tissue interactions originate in the early embryo, where bidirectional paracrine signaling between the endoderm epithelium and adjacent mesoderm orchestrates lung and trachea development and controls the stereotypical branching morphogenesis. Although much attention has focused on how these interactions impact the differentiation of the respiratory epithelium, relatively less is known about the patterning and differentiation of the mesenchyme. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and chondrocytes together with other types of mesenchymal cells are essential components of a functional respiratory system, and malformation of these cells can lead to various congenital defects. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of mesenchymal development in the fetal trachea and lung, focusing on recent findings from animal models that have begun to shed light on the poorly understood respiratory mesenchyme lineages.
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50
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Larsen BM, Hrycaj SM, Newman M, Li Y, Wellik DM. Mesenchymal Hox6 function is required for mouse pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation. Development 2015; 142:3859-68. [PMID: 26450967 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of pancreatic endocrine cell development, the function of the pancreatic mesodermal niche in this process is poorly understood. Here we report a novel role for mouse Hox6 genes in pancreatic organogenesis. Hox6 genes are expressed exclusively in the mesoderm of the developing pancreas. Genetic loss of all three Hox6 paralogs (Hoxa6, Hoxb6 and Hoxc6) leads to a dramatic loss of endoderm-derived endocrine cells, including insulin-secreting β-cells, and to mild delays and disruptions in pancreatic branching and exocrine differentiation. Ngn3-expressing pan-endocrine progenitor cells are specified normally in Hox6 mutant pancreata, but fail to mature into hormone-producing cells. Reduced expression of Wnt5a is observed in mutant pancreatic mesenchyme, leading to subsequent loss of expression of the crucial Wnt inhibitors Sfrp3 and Dkk1 in endocrine progenitor cells. These results reveal a key role for Hox6 genes in establishing Wnt mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk in pancreatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Larsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Steven M Hrycaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Micaleah Newman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Deneen M Wellik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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