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Wee Y, Wang J, Wilson EC, Rich CP, Rogers A, Tong Z, DeGroot E, Gopal YNV, Davies MA, Ekiz HA, Tay JKH, Stubben C, Boucher KM, Oviedo JM, Fairfax KC, Williams MA, Holmen SL, Wolff RK, Grossmann AH. Tumour-intrinsic endomembrane trafficking by ARF6 shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that drives melanomagenesis and response to checkpoint blockade therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6613. [PMID: 39098861 PMCID: PMC11298541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour-host immune interactions lead to complex changes in the tumour microenvironment (TME), impacting progression, metastasis and response to therapy. While it is clear that cancer cells can have the capacity to alter immune landscapes, our understanding of this process is incomplete. Herein we show that endocytic trafficking at the plasma membrane, mediated by the small GTPase ARF6, enables melanoma cells to impose an immunosuppressive TME that accelerates tumour development. This ARF6-dependent TME is vulnerable to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) but in murine melanoma, loss of Arf6 causes resistance to ICB. Likewise, downregulation of ARF6 in patient tumours correlates with inferior overall survival after ICB. Mechanistically, these phenotypes are at least partially explained by ARF6-dependent recycling, which controls plasma membrane density of the interferon-gamma receptor. Collectively, our findings reveal the importance of endomembrane trafficking in outfitting tumour cells with the ability to shape their immune microenvironment and respond to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshen Wee
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Junhua Wang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emily C Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Coulson P Rich
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aaron Rogers
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zongzhong Tong
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Evelyn DeGroot
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y N Vashisht Gopal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Atakan Ekiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Joshua K H Tay
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chris Stubben
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kenneth M Boucher
- Cancer Biostatistics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Juan M Oviedo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Keke C Fairfax
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew A Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Providence Cancer Institute of Oregon, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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2
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wang N, Bai R, Luo R, Tuo H, Zheng Y. LPCAT1 promotes melanoma cell proliferation via Akt signaling. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:67. [PMID: 38551165 PMCID: PMC10995661 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer with an increasing cutaneous cancer‑related mortality rate worldwide. Despite therapeutic advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the overall survival of patients with melanoma remains unsatisfactory. Thus, a further understanding of the pathogenesis of melanoma may aid towards the development of therapeutic strategies. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is a key enzyme that converts lysophosphatidylcholine into phosphatidylcholine in lipid remodeling. In the present study, LPCAT1 was found to play a pro‑proliferative role in melanoma. Firstly, the expression of LPCAT1 was found to be upregulated in tissues from patients with melanoma compared with that in benign nevi. Subsequently, LPCAT1 knockdown was performed, utilizing short hairpin RNA, which induced melanoma cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition and promoted cell death. Moreover, LPCAT1 facilitated melanoma cell growth in an Akt‑dependent manner. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that targeting LPCAT1 may impede cell proliferation by inhibiting Akt signaling, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yingjian Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruiting Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Tuo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Avino A, Ion DE, Gheoca-Mutu DE, Abu-Baker A, Țigăran AE, Peligrad T, Hariga CS, Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Jecan CR, Tudor A, Răducu L. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Particularities of Symptomatic Melanoma Brain Metastases from Case Report to Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:688. [PMID: 38611601 PMCID: PMC11011469 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent introduction of immunotherapy and targeted therapy has substantially enriched the therapeutic landscape of metastatic melanoma. However, cerebral metastases remain unrelenting entities with atypical metabolic and genetic profiles compared to extracranial metastases, requiring combined approaches with local ablative treatment to alleviate symptoms, prevent recurrence and restore patients' biological and psychological resources for fighting malignancy. This paper aims to provide the latest scientific evidence about the rationale and timing of treatment, emphasizing the complementary roles of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy in eradicating brain metastases, with a special focus on the distinct response of intracranial and extracranial disease, which are regarded as separate molecular entities. To illustrate the complexity of designing individualized therapeutic schemes, we report a case of delayed BRAF-mutant diagnosis, an aggressive forearm melanoma, in a presumed psychiatric patient whose symptoms were caused by cerebral melanoma metastases. The decision to administer molecularly targeted therapy was dictated by the urgency of diminishing the tumor burden for symptom control, due to potentially life-threatening complications caused by the flourishing of extracranial disease in locations rarely reported in living patients, further proving the necessity of multidisciplinary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Avino
- Discipline of Plastic Surgery, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.); (C.-R.J.); (L.R.)
- Doctoral School, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-E.G.-M.); (A.-E.Ț.); (T.P.)
| | - Daniela-Elena Ion
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-E.G.-M.); (A.-E.Ț.); (T.P.)
| | - Daniela-Elena Gheoca-Mutu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-E.G.-M.); (A.-E.Ț.); (T.P.)
- Discipline of Anatomy, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Abdalah Abu-Baker
- Doctoral School, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-E.G.-M.); (A.-E.Ț.); (T.P.)
| | - Andrada-Elena Țigăran
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-E.G.-M.); (A.-E.Ț.); (T.P.)
| | - Teodora Peligrad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-E.G.-M.); (A.-E.Ț.); (T.P.)
| | - Cristian-Sorin Hariga
- Discipline of Plastic Surgery, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.); (C.-R.J.); (L.R.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian-Radu Jecan
- Discipline of Plastic Surgery, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.); (C.-R.J.); (L.R.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-E.G.-M.); (A.-E.Ț.); (T.P.)
| | - Adrian Tudor
- Discipline of Anatomy and Embriology, University of Medicine, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of General Surgery I, Targu Mures Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Laura Răducu
- Discipline of Plastic Surgery, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.); (C.-R.J.); (L.R.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-E.G.-M.); (A.-E.Ț.); (T.P.)
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Parkman GL, Turapov T, Kircher DA, Burnett WJ, Stehn CM, O’Toole K, Culver KM, Chadwick AT, Elmer RC, Flaherty R, Stanley KA, Foth M, Lum DH, Judson-Torres RL, Friend JE, VanBrocklin MW, McMahon M, Holmen SL. Genetic Silencing of AKT Induces Melanoma Cell Death via mTOR Suppression. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:301-315. [PMID: 37931033 PMCID: PMC10932877 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway is common in many cancers, including melanoma, and AKT1, 2 and 3 (AKT1-3) are bona fide oncoprotein kinases with well-validated downstream effectors. However, efforts to pharmacologically inhibit AKT have proven to be largely ineffective. In this study, we observed paradoxical effects following either pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of AKT1-3 in melanoma cells. Although pharmacological inhibition was without effect, genetic silencing of all three AKT paralogs significantly induced melanoma cell death through effects on mTOR. This phenotype was rescued by exogenous AKT1 expression in a kinase-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K and mTOR with a novel dual inhibitor effectively suppressed melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, this single-agent-targeted therapy was well-tolerated in vivo and was effective against MAPK inhibitor-resistant patient-derived melanoma xenografts. These results suggest that inhibition of PI3K and mTOR with this novel dual inhibitor may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in this disease in both the first-line and MAPK inhibitor-resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennie L. Parkman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Tursun Turapov
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - David A. Kircher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - William J. Burnett
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Christopher M. Stehn
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Kayla O’Toole
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Katie M. Culver
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Ashley T. Chadwick
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Riley C. Elmer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Ryan Flaherty
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Karly A. Stanley
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Mona Foth
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - David H. Lum
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Robert L. Judson-Torres
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | | | - Matthew W. VanBrocklin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Sheri L. Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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5
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Wang S, Riedstra CP, Zhang Y, Anandh S, Dudley AC. PTEN-restoration abrogates brain colonisation and perivascular niche invasion by melanoma cells. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:555-567. [PMID: 38148377 PMCID: PMC10876963 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) continue to be a significant clinical problem with limited treatment options. Highly invasive melanoma cells migrate along the vasculature and perivascular cells may contribute to residual disease and recurrence. PTEN loss and hyperactivation of AKT occur in MBM; however, a role for PTEN/AKT in perivascular invasion has not been described. METHODS We used in vivo intracranial injections of murine melanoma and bulk RNA sequencing of melanoma cells co-cultured with brain endothelial cells (brECs) to investigate brain colonisation and perivascular invasion. RESULTS We found that PTEN-null melanoma cells were highly efficient at colonising the perivascular niche relative to PTEN-expressing counterparts. PTEN re-expression (PTEN-RE) in melanoma cells significantly reduced brain colonisation and migration along the vasculature. We hypothesised this phenotype was mediated through vascular-induced TGFβ secretion, which drives AKT phosphorylation. Disabling TGFβ signalling in melanoma cells reduced colonisation and perivascular invasion; however, the introduction of constitutively active myristolated-AKT (myrAKT) restored overall tumour size but not perivascular invasion. CONCLUSIONS PTEN loss facilitates perivascular brain colonisation and invasion of melanoma. TGFβ-AKT signalling partially contributes to this phenotype, but further studies are needed to determine the complementary mechanisms that enable melanoma cells to both survive and spread along the brain vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Caroline P Riedstra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Swetha Anandh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- The University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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6
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Singvogel K, Schittek B. Dormancy of cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38419052 PMCID: PMC10903048 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Many cancer-related deaths including melanoma result from metastases that develop months or years after the initial cancer therapy. Even the most effective drugs and immune therapies rarely eradicate all tumor cells. Instead, they strongly reduce cancer burden, permitting dormant cancer cells to persist in niches, where they establish a cellular homeostasis with their host without causing clinical symptoms. Dormant cancers respond poorly to most drugs and therapies since they do not proliferate and hide in niches. It therefore remains a major challenge to develop novel therapies for dormant cancers. In this review we focus on the mechanisms regulating the initiation of cutaneous melanoma dormancy as well as those which are involved in reawakening of dormant cutaneous melanoma cells. In recent years the role of neutrophils and niche components in reawakening of melanoma cells came into focus and indicate possible future therapeutic applications. Sophisticated in vitro and in vivo melanoma dormancy models are needed to make progress in this field and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Singvogel
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D -72076 , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D -72076 , Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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7
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Hao Dong T, Yau Wen Ning A, Yin Quan T. Network pharmacology-integrated molecular docking analysis of phytocompounds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) as potential anti-metastatic agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1778-1794. [PMID: 37060321 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2202273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Caesalpinia pulcherrima, or peacock flower, has been a subject of cancer therapeutics research, showing promising anti-cancer and anti-metastatic properties. The present research aims to investigate the anti-metastatic potential of the flower, through bioinformatics approaches. Metastasis targets numbering 471 were identified through overlap analysis following NCBI gene, Gene Card and OMIM query. Phytocompounds of the flower were retrieved from PubChem and their protein interactions predicted using Super-PRED and TargetNet. The 28 targets that overlapped with the predicted proteins were used to generate STRING >0.7. Enrichment analysis revealed that C. pulcherrima may inhibit metastasis through angiogenesis-related and leukocyte migration-related pathways. HSP90AA1, ESR1, PIK3CA, ERBB2, KDR and MMP9 were identified as potential core targets while and 6 compounds (3-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7,8-dimethoxychromen-4-one (163076213), clotrimazole (2812), Isovouacapenol A (636673), [(4aR,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-9-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,6a,7,11a-octahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate (163104827), Stigmast-5-en-3beta-ol (86821) and 4,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (592216)) were identified as potential core compounds. Molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations investigations revealed that ERBB2, HSP90AA1 and KDR, along with the newly discovered 163076213 compound to be the most significant metastasis targets and bioactive compound, respectively. These three core targets demonstrated interactions consistent with angiogenesis and leukocyte migration pathways. Furthermore, potentially novel interactions, such as KDR-MMP9, KDR-PIK3CA, ERBB2-HSP90AA1, ERBB2-ESR1, ERBB2-PIK3CA and ERBB2-MMP9 interactions were identified and may play a role in crosslinking the aforementioned metastatic pathways. Therefore, the present study revealed the main mechanisms behind the anti-metastatic effects of C. pulcherrima, paving the path for further research on these compounds and proteins to accelerate the research of cancer therapeutics and application of C. pulcherrima.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Hao Dong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ashlyn Yau Wen Ning
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tang Yin Quan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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8
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Xu X, Bok I, Jasani N, Wang K, Chadourne M, Mecozzi N, Deng O, Welsh EA, Kinose F, Rix U, Karreth FA. PTEN Lipid Phosphatase Activity Suppresses Melanoma Formation by Opposing an AKT/mTOR/FRA1 Signaling Axis. Cancer Res 2024; 84:388-404. [PMID: 38193852 PMCID: PMC10842853 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in PTEN are prevalent in melanoma and are thought to support tumor development by hyperactivating the AKT/mTOR pathway. Conversely, activating mutations in AKT are relatively rare in melanoma, and therapies targeting AKT or mTOR have shown disappointing outcomes in preclinical models and clinical trials of melanoma. This has led to the speculation that PTEN suppresses melanoma by opposing AKT-independent pathways, potentially through noncanonical functions beyond its lipid phosphatase activity. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of PTEN-mediated suppression of melanoma formation through the restoration of various PTEN functions in PTEN-deficient cells or mouse models. PTEN lipid phosphatase activity predominantly inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth, with minimal contribution from its protein phosphatase and scaffold functions. A drug screen underscored the exquisite dependence of PTEN-deficient melanoma cells on the AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, activation of AKT alone was sufficient to counteract several aspects of PTEN-mediated melanoma suppression, particularly invasion and the growth of allograft tumors. Phosphoproteomics analysis of the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN validated its potent inhibition of AKT and many of its known targets, while also identifying the AP-1 transcription factor FRA1 as a downstream effector. The restoration of PTEN dampened FRA1 translation by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling, and FRA1 overexpression negated aspects of PTEN-mediated melanoma suppression akin to AKT. This study supports AKT as the key mediator of PTEN inactivation in melanoma and identifies an AKT/mTOR/FRA1 axis as a driver of melanomagenesis. SIGNIFICANCE PTEN suppresses melanoma predominantly through its lipid phosphatase function, which when lost, elevates FRA1 levels through AKT/mTOR signaling to promote several aspects of melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ilah Bok
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Neel Jasani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Manon Chadourne
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nicol Mecozzi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ou Deng
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric A. Welsh
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Florian A. Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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9
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Sheen YS, Syu YJ, Chang YC, Hsieh PH, Liao YH, Lin MH, Chen CY, Chu CY, Chu CY. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 enhanced melanoma migration through regulation of AKT1 and RELA expression. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15015. [PMID: 38284203 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
IMP-3 expression is a poor prognostic factor of melanomas and it promotes melanoma cell migration and invasion by a pathway modulating HMGA2 mRNA expression. We tried to identify other putative targets of IMP-3. We identified putative IMP-3-binding RNAs, including AKT1, MAPK3, RB1 and RELA, by RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing. IMP-3 overexpression increased AKT and RELA levels in MeWo cells. siRNAs against AKT1 and RELA inhibited MeWo/Full-length IMP-3 cell migration. IMP-3 knockdown of A2058 cells decreased AKT1 and RELA expression and lowered migration ability. Co-transfection of A2058 cells with AKT1- or RELA-expressing plasmids with IMP-3 siRNA restored the inhibitory effects of IMP-3 knockdown on migration. HMGA2 did not influence AKT1 and RELA expression in melanoma cells. Human melanoma samples with high IMP-3 levels also showed high HMGA2, AKT1 and RELA expression. Our results show that IMP-3 enhances melanoma cell migration through the regulation of the AKT1 and RELA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shuan Sheen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jie Syu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Han Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Chu
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Shi W, Tanzhu G, Chen L, Ning J, Wang H, Xiao G, Peng H, Jing D, Liang H, Nie J, Yi M, Zhou R. Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:765-783. [PMID: 38169621 PMCID: PMC10758094 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.91295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) frequently occur in primary tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and are associated with notably short natural survival. In addition to surgical interventions, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, radiotherapy (RT) is a crucial treatment for BM and encompasses whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Validating the efficacy and safety of treatment regimens through preclinical models is imperative for successful translation to clinical application. This not only advances fundamental research but also forms the theoretical foundation for clinical study. This review, grounded in animal models of brain metastases (AM-BM), explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and emerging technologies such as nanomaterials and oxygen-containing microbubbles. Initially, we provided a concise overview of the establishment of AM-BMs. Subsequently, we summarize key RT parameters (RT mode, dose, fraction, dose rate) and their corresponding effects in AM-BMs. Finally, we present a comprehensive analysis of the current research status and future directions for combination therapy based on RT. In summary, there is presently no standardized regimen for AM-BM treatment involving RT. Further research is essential to deepen our understanding of the relationships between various parameters and their respective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongji Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haiqin Peng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Di Jing
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huadong Liang
- Department of Technology, Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Technology, Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Technology, Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
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11
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Emmons MF, Bennett RL, Riva A, Gupta K, Carvalho LADC, Zhang C, Macaulay R, Dupéré-Richér D, Fang B, Seto E, Koomen JM, Li J, Chen YA, Forsyth PA, Licht JD, Smalley KSM. HDAC8-mediated inhibition of EP300 drives a transcriptional state that increases melanoma brain metastasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7759. [PMID: 38030596 PMCID: PMC10686983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanomas can adopt multiple transcriptional states. Little is known about the epigenetic drivers of these cell states, limiting our ability to regulate melanoma heterogeneity. Here, we identify stress-induced HDAC8 activity as driving melanoma brain metastasis development. Exposure of melanocytes and melanoma cells to multiple stresses increases HDAC8 activation leading to a neural crest-stem cell transcriptional state and an amoeboid, invasive phenotype that increases seeding to the brain. Using ATAC-Seq and ChIP-Seq we show that increased HDAC8 activity alters chromatin structure by increasing H3K27ac and enhancing accessibility at c-Jun binding sites. Functionally, HDAC8 deacetylates the histone acetyltransferase EP300, causing its enzymatic inactivation. This, in turn, increases binding of EP300 to Jun-transcriptional sites and decreases binding to MITF-transcriptional sites. Inhibition of EP300 increases melanoma cell invasion, resistance to stress and increases melanoma brain metastasis development. HDAC8 is identified as a mediator of transcriptional co-factor inactivation and chromatin accessibility that drives brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Emmons
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Richard L Bennett
- UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Alberto Riva
- Bioinformatics Core, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kanchan Gupta
- UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Robert Macaulay
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Daphne Dupéré-Richér
- UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Peter A Forsyth
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- UF Health Cancer Center, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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12
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Singh N, Khan FM, Bala L, Vera J, Wolkenhauer O, Pützer B, Logotheti S, Gupta SK. Logic-based modeling and drug repurposing for the prediction of novel therapeutic targets and combination regimens against E2F1-driven melanoma progression. BMC Chem 2023; 17:161. [PMID: 37993971 PMCID: PMC10666365 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma presents increasing prevalence and poor outcomes. Progression to aggressive stages is characterized by overexpression of the transcription factor E2F1 and activation of downstream prometastatic gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Appropriate therapeutic manipulation of the E2F1-governed GRNs holds the potential to prevent metastasis however, these networks entail complex feedback and feedforward regulatory motifs among various regulatory layers, which make it difficult to identify druggable components. To this end, computational approaches such as mathematical modeling and virtual screening are important tools to unveil the dynamics of these signaling networks and identify critical components that could be further explored as therapeutic targets. Herein, we integrated a well-established E2F1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) map with transcriptomics data from E2F1-expressing melanoma cells to reconstruct a core regulatory network underlying aggressive melanoma. Using logic-based in silico perturbation experiments of a core regulatory network, we identified that simultaneous perturbation of Protein kinase B (AKT1) and oncoprotein murine double minute 2 (MDM2) drastically reduces EMT in melanoma. Using the structures of the two protein signatures, virtual screening strategies were performed with the FDA-approved drug library. Furthermore, by combining drug repurposing and computer-aided drug design techniques, followed by molecular dynamics simulation analysis, we identified two potent drugs (Tadalafil and Finasteride) that can efficiently inhibit AKT1 and MDM2 proteins. We propose that these two drugs could be considered for the development of therapeutic strategies for the management of aggressive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, BBDCODS, BBD University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Faiz M Khan
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lakshmi Bala
- Department of Biochemistry, BBDCODS, BBD University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Julio Vera
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
- Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Brigitte Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stella Logotheti
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Shailendra K Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
- Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.
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13
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Xing YL, Panovska D, Petritsch CK. Successes and challenges in modeling heterogeneous BRAF V600E mutated central nervous system neoplasms. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1223199. [PMID: 37920169 PMCID: PMC10619673 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1223199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are difficult to treat due to their sensitive location. Over the past two decades, the availability of patient tumor materials facilitated large scale genomic and epigenomic profiling studies, which have resulted in detailed insights into the molecular underpinnings of CNS tumorigenesis. Based on results from these studies, CNS tumors have high molecular and cellular intra-tumoral and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. CNS cancer models have yet to reflect the broad diversity of CNS tumors and patients and the lack of such faithful cancer models represents a major bottleneck to urgently needed innovations in CNS cancer treatment. Pediatric cancer model development is lagging behind adult tumor model development, which is why we focus this review on CNS tumors mutated for BRAFV600E which are more prevalent in the pediatric patient population. BRAFV600E-mutated CNS tumors exhibit high inter-tumoral heterogeneity, encompassing clinically and histopathological diverse tumor types. Moreover, BRAFV600E is the second most common alteration in pediatric low-grade CNS tumors, and low-grade tumors are notoriously difficult to recapitulate in vitro and in vivo. Although the mutation predominates in low-grade CNS tumors, when combined with other mutations, most commonly CDKN2A deletion, BRAFV600E-mutated CNS tumors are prone to develop high-grade features, and therefore BRAFV600E-mutated CNS are a paradigm for tumor progression. Here, we describe existing in vitro and in vivo models of BRAFV600E-mutated CNS tumors, including patient-derived cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, syngeneic models, and genetically engineered mouse models, along with their advantages and shortcomings. We discuss which research gaps each model might be best suited to answer, and identify those areas in model development that need to be strengthened further. We highlight areas of potential research focus that will lead to the heightened predictive capacity of preclinical studies, allow for appropriate validation, and ultimately improve the success of "bench to bedside" translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia K. Petritsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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14
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McRee SK, Bayer AL, Pietruska J, Tsichlis PN, Hinds PW. AKT2 Loss Impairs BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4958. [PMID: 37894325 PMCID: PMC10605002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment, melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer due to its highly metastatic nature. Melanomas harboring oncogenic BRAFV600E mutations combined with PTEN loss exhibit unrestrained PI3K/AKT signaling and increased invasiveness. However, the contribution of different AKT isoforms to melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis has not been comprehensively explored, and questions remain about whether individual isoforms play distinct or redundant roles in each step. We investigate the contribution of individual AKT isoforms to melanoma initiation using a novel mouse model of AKT isoform-specific loss in a murine melanoma model, and we investigate tumor progression, maintenance, and metastasis among a panel of human metastatic melanoma cell lines using AKT isoform-specific knockdown studies. We elucidate that AKT2 is dispensable for primary tumor formation but promotes migration and invasion in vitro and metastatic seeding in vivo, whereas AKT1 is uniquely important for melanoma initiation and cell proliferation. We propose a mechanism whereby the inhibition of AKT2 impairs glycolysis and reduces an EMT-related gene expression signature in PTEN-null BRAF-mutant human melanoma cells to limit metastatic spread. Our data suggest that the elucidation of AKT2-specific functions in metastasis might inform therapeutic strategies to improve treatment options for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan K. McRee
- Program in Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Abraham L. Bayer
- Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jodie Pietruska
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Philip N. Tsichlis
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Philip W. Hinds
- Program in Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
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15
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Wee Y, Wang J, Wilson EC, Rich CP, Rogers A, Tong Z, DeGroot E, Gopal YV, Davies MA, Ekiz HA, Tay JK, Stubben C, Boucher KM, Oviedo JM, Fairfax KC, Williams MA, Holmen SL, Wolff RK, Grossmann AH. ARF6-dependent endocytic trafficking of the Interferon-γ receptor drives adaptive immune resistance in cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560199. [PMID: 37873189 PMCID: PMC10592860 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immune resistance (AIR) is a protective process used by cancer to escape elimination by CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 specifically target Interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-driven AIR. AIR begins at the plasma membrane where tumor cell-intrinsic cytokine signaling is initiated. Thus, plasma membrane remodeling by endomembrane trafficking could regulate AIR. Herein we report that the trafficking protein ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6 (ARF6) is critical for IFNγ-driven AIR. ARF6 prevents transport of the receptor to the lysosome, augmenting IFNγR expression, tumor intrinsic IFNγ signaling and downstream expression of immunosuppressive genes. In murine melanoma, loss of ARF6 causes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Likewise, low expression of ARF6 in patient tumors correlates with inferior outcomes with ICB. Our data provide new mechanistic insights into tumor immune escape, defined by ARF6-dependent AIR, and support that ARF6-dependent endomembrane trafficking of the IFNγ receptor influences outcomes of ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshen Wee
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- These authors contributed equally
- current contact information: School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Emily C. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Coulson P. Rich
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aaron Rogers
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Zongzhong Tong
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Evelyn DeGroot
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Y.N. Vashisht Gopal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A. Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - H. Atakan Ekiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Joshua K.H. Tay
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chris Stubben
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kenneth M. Boucher
- Cancer Biostatistics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Juan M. Oviedo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Keke C. Fairfax
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew A. Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sheri L. Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Roger K. Wolff
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Allie H. Grossmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Lead contact
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16
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McRee SK, Bayer AL, Pietruska J, Tsichlis PN, Hinds PW. AKT2 Loss Impairs BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554685. [PMID: 37662310 PMCID: PMC10473698 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment, melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer, due to its highly metastatic nature. Melanomas harboring oncogenic BRAF V600E mutations combined with PTEN loss exhibit unrestrained PI3K/AKT signaling and increased invasiveness. However, the contribution of different AKT isoforms to melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis has not been comprehensively explored, and questions remain whether individual isoforms play distinct or redundant roles in each step. We investigate the contribution of individual AKT isoforms to melanoma initiation using a novel mouse model of AKT isoform-specific loss in a murine melanoma model, and investigate tumor progression, maintenance, and metastasis among a panel of human metastatic melanoma cell lines using AKT-isoform specific knockdown studies. We elucidate that AKT2 is dispensable for primary tumor formation but promotes migration and invasion in vitro and metastatic seeding in vivo , while AKT1 is uniquely important for melanoma initiation and cell proliferation. We propose a mechanism whereby inhibition of AKT2 impairs glycolysis and reduces an EMT-related gene expression signature in PTEN-null BRAF-mutant human melanoma cells to limit metastatic spread. Our data suggest that elucidation of AKT2-specific functions in metastasis could inform therapeutic strategies to improve treatment options for melanoma patients.
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17
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Cai G, Qi Y, Wei P, Gao H, Xu C, Zhao Y, Qu X, Yao F, Yang W. IGFBP1 Sustains Cell Survival during Spatially-Confined Migration and Promotes Tumor Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206540. [PMID: 37296072 PMCID: PMC10375137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is a pivotal step in metastatic process, which requires cancer cells to navigate a complex spatially-confined environment, including tracks within blood vessels and in the vasculature of target organs. Here it is shown that during spatially-confined migration, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) is upregulated in tumor cells. Secreted IGFBP1 inhibits AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) serine (S) 27 and enhances SOD2 activity. Enhanced SOD2 attenuates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in confined cells, which supports tumor cell survival in blood vessels of lung tissues, thereby accelerating tumor metastasis in mice. The levels of blood IGFBP1 correlate with metastatic recurrence of lung cancer patients. This finding reveals a unique mechanism by which IGFBP1 sustains cell survival during confined migration by enhancing mitochondrial ROS detoxification, thereby promoting tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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18
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Liu J, Zheng R, Zhang Y, Jia S, He Y, Liu J. The Cross Talk between Cellular Senescence and Melanoma: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Target Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092640. [PMID: 37174106 PMCID: PMC10177054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor that originates from melanocytes. The pathogenesis of melanoma involves a complex interaction that occurs between environmental factors, ultraviolet (UV)-light damage, and genetic alterations. UV light is the primary driver of the skin aging process and development of melanoma, which can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the presence of DNA damage in the cells, and results in cell senescence. As cellular senescence plays an important role in the relationship that exists between the skin aging process and the development of melanoma, the present study provides insight into the literature concerning the topic at present and discusses the relationship between skin aging and melanoma, including the mechanisms of cellular senescence that drive melanoma progression, the microenvironment in relation to skin aging and melanoma factors, and the therapeutics concerning melanoma. This review focuses on defining the role of cellular senescence in the process of melanoma carcinogenesis and discusses the targeting of senescent cells through therapeutic approaches, highlighting the areas that require more extensive research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Runzi Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanghuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shuting Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yonghan He
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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19
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Liu S, Dharanipragada P, Lomeli SH, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang Z, Lim RJ, Dumitras C, Scumpia PO, Dubinett SM, Moriceau G, Johnson DB, Moschos SJ, Lo RS. Multi-organ landscape of therapy-resistant melanoma. Nat Med 2023; 29:1123-1134. [PMID: 37106167 PMCID: PMC10202813 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis and failure of present-day therapies represent the most common causes of mortality in patients with cutaneous melanoma. To identify the underlying genetic and transcriptomic landscapes, in this study we analyzed multi-organ metastases and tumor-adjacent tissues from 11 rapid autopsies after treatment with MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) and/or immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and death due to acquired resistance. Either treatment elicits shared genetic alterations that suggest immune-evasive, cross-therapy resistance mechanisms. Large, non-clustered deletions, inversions and inter-chromosomal translocations dominate rearrangements. Analyzing data from separate melanoma cohorts including 345 therapy-naive patients and 35 patients with patient-matched pre-treatment and post-acquired resistance tumor samples, we performed cross-cohort analyses to identify MAPKi and ICB as respective contributors to gene amplifications and deletions enriched in autopsy versus therapy-naive tumors. In the autopsy cohort, private/late mutations and structural variants display shifted mutational and rearrangement signatures, with MAPKi specifically selecting for signatures of defective homologous-recombination, mismatch and base-excision repair. Transcriptomic signatures and crosstalks with tumor-adjacent macroenvironments nominated organ-specific adaptive pathways. An immune-desert, CD8+-macrophage-biased archetype, T-cell exhaustion and type-2 immunity characterized the immune contexture. This multi-organ analysis of therapy-resistant melanoma presents preliminary insights with potential to improve therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Liu
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prashanthi Dharanipragada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shirley H Lomeli
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhentao Yang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raymond J Lim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Camelia Dumitras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip O Scumpia
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve M Dubinett
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gatien Moriceau
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stergios J Moschos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Roger S Lo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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20
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Dual Role of DUOX1-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Melanoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030708. [PMID: 36978957 PMCID: PMC10044890 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an essential role in the development of several types of cancer, including melanoma. Although oxidative stress promotes tumor growth, once cells escape from the primary tumor, they are subjected to a more hostile environment, with higher levels of oxidative stress typically killing most cancer cells. As Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1) is a major producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epithelia, we used allotransplantation and autochthonous melanoma models in zebrafish together with in silico analysis of the occurrence and relevance of DUOX1 expression of the skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to address the role of this enzyme in the aggressiveness of melanoma cells in vivo. It was found that high transcript levels of the gene encoding DUOX1 were associated with the poor prognosis of patients in the early-stage melanoma of TCGA cohort. However, DUOX1 transcript levels were not found to be associated to the prognosis of late-stage SKCM patients. In addition, the transcript level of DUOX1 in metastatic SKCM was lower than in primary SKCM. Using zebrafish primary melanoma and allotransplantation models, we interrogated the role of DUOX1 in vivo. Our results confirmed a dual role of DUOX1, which restrains melanoma proliferation but promotes metastasis. As this effect is only observed in immunocompromised individuals, the immune system appears to be able to counteract this elevated metastatic potential of DUOX1-deficient melanomas.
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21
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Nascentes Melo LM, Kumar S, Riess V, Szylo KJ, Eisenburger R, Schadendorf D, Ubellacker JM, Tasdogan A. Advancements in melanoma cancer metastasis models. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:206-223. [PMID: 36478190 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a complex and deadly disease. Due to its complexity, the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit metastatic melanoma remains an outstanding challenge. Our ability to study metastasis is advanced with the development of in vitro and in vivo models that better mimic the different steps of the metastatic cascade beginning from primary tumor initiation to final metastatic seeding. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of in vitro models, in vivo models, and in silico platforms to study the individual steps of melanoma metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight the advantages and limitations of each model and discuss the challenges of how to improve current models to enhance translation for melanoma cancer patients and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Valeria Riess
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Krystina J Szylo
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robin Eisenburger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Jessalyn M Ubellacker
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
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22
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Suresh S, Rabbie R, Garg M, Lumaquin D, Huang TH, Montal E, Ma Y, Cruz NM, Tang X, Nsengimana J, Newton-Bishop J, Hunter MV, Zhu Y, Chen K, de Stanchina E, Adams DJ, White RM. Identifying the Transcriptional Drivers of Metastasis Embedded within Localized Melanoma. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:194-215. [PMID: 36259947 PMCID: PMC9827116 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In melanoma, predicting which tumors will ultimately metastasize guides treatment decisions. Transcriptional signatures of primary tumors have been utilized to predict metastasis, but which among these are driver or passenger events remains unclear. We used data from the adjuvant AVAST-M trial to identify a predictive gene signature in localized tumors that ultimately metastasized. Using a zebrafish model of primary melanoma, we interrogated the top genes from the AVAST-M signature in vivo. This identified GRAMD1B, a cholesterol transfer protein, as a bona fide metastasis suppressor, with a majority of knockout animals rapidly developing metastasis. Mechanistically, excess free cholesterol or its metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol promotes invasiveness via activation of an AP-1 program, which is associated with increased metastasis in humans. Our data demonstrate that the transcriptional seeds of metastasis are embedded within localized tumors, suggesting that early targeting of these programs can be used to prevent metastatic relapse. SIGNIFICANCE We analyzed human melanoma transcriptomics data to identify a gene signature predictive of metastasis. To rapidly test clinical signatures, we built a genetic metastasis platform in adult zebrafish and identified GRAMD1B as a suppressor of melanoma metastasis. GRAMD1B-associated cholesterol overload activates an AP-1 program to promote melanoma invasion. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthy Suresh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Roy Rabbie
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Manik Garg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Dianne Lumaquin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York
| | - Ting-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emily Montal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yilun Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York
| | - Nelly M Cruz
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xinran Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Ph.D. Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Miranda V. Hunter
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin Chen
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David J. Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. White
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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23
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Hu R, Li Y, Guo Y, Li X, Du S, Liao M, Hou H, Sun H, Zhao S, Su J, Chen X, Yin M. BRD4 inhibitor suppresses melanoma metastasis via the SPINK6/EGFR-EphA2 pathway. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106609. [PMID: 36516883 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BET inhibition or BRD4 depletion is a promising and attractive therapy for metastatic melanoma; however, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, we indicated that BET inhibition suppressed melanoma metastasis both in vitro and in vivo and identified a new mechanism by which BET inhibitors suppress melanoma metastasis by blocking the direct interaction of BRD4 and the SPINK6 enhancer. Moreover, we demonstrated that SPINK6 activated the EGFR/EphA2 complex in melanoma and the downstream ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. Thus, these results identified the SPINK6/EGFR-EphA2 axis as a new oncogenic pathway in melanoma metastasis and support the further development of BRD4 inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic melanoma in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Songtao Du
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Mengting Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Health Management of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Huihui Hou
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hongyin Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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24
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Michielon E, de Gruijl TD, Gibbs S. From simplicity to complexity in current melanoma models. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1818-1836. [PMID: 36103206 PMCID: PMC10092692 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent impressive clinical success of immunotherapy against melanoma, development of primary and adaptive resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitors remains a major issue in a large number of treated patients. This highlights the need for melanoma models that replicate the tumor's intricate dynamics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and associated immune suppression to study possible resistance mechanisms in order to improve current and test novel therapeutics. While two-dimensional melanoma cell cultures have been widely used to perform functional genomics screens in a high-throughput fashion, they are not suitable to answer more complex scientific questions. Melanoma models have also been established in a variety of experimental (humanized) animals. However, due to differences in physiology, such models do not fully represent human melanoma development. Therefore, fully human three-dimensional in vitro models mimicking melanoma cell interactions with the TME are being developed to address this need for more physiologically relevant models. Such models include melanoma organoids, spheroids, and reconstructed human melanoma-in-skin cultures. Still, while major advances have been made to complement and replace animals, these in vitro systems have yet to fully recapitulate human tumor complexity. Lastly, technical advancements have been made in the organ-on-chip field to replicate functions and microstructures of in vivo human tissues and organs. This review summarizes advancements made in understanding and treating melanoma and specifically aims to discuss the progress made towards developing melanoma models, their applications, limitations, and the advances still needed to further facilitate the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Michielon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Theivanthiran B, Yarla N, Haykal T, Nguyen YV, Cao L, Ferreira M, Holtzhausen A, Al-Rohil R, Salama AKS, Beasley GM, Plebanek MP, DeVito NC, Hanks BA. Tumor-intrinsic NLRP3-HSP70-TLR4 axis drives premetastatic niche development and hyperprogression during anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabq7019. [PMID: 36417489 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq7019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-intrinsic NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) signaling axis is triggered by CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity and contributes to the development of adaptive resistance to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy by recruiting granulocytic polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) into the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that the tumor NLRP3-HSP70 axis also drives the accumulation of PMN-MDSCs into distant lung tissues in a manner that depends on lung epithelial cell Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, establishing a premetastatic niche that supports disease hyperprogression in response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Lung epithelial HSP70-TLR4 signaling induces the downstream Wnt5a-dependent release of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), thus promoting myeloid granulopoiesis and recruitment of PMN-MDSCs into pulmonary tissues. Treatment with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy enhanced the activation of this pathway through immunologic pressure and drove disease progression in the setting of Nlrp3 amplification. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of NLRP3 and HSP70 blocked PMN-MDSC accumulation in the lung in response to anti-PD-1 therapy and suppressed metastatic progression in preclinical models of melanoma and breast cancer. Elevated baseline concentrations of plasma HSP70 and evidence of NLRP3 signaling activity in tumor tissue specimens correlated with the development of disease hyperprogression and inferior survival in patients with stage IV melanoma undergoing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Together, this work describes a pathogenic mechanism underlying the phenomenon of disease hyperprogression in melanoma and offers candidate targets and markers capable of improving the management of patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamayooran Theivanthiran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nagendra Yarla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tarek Haykal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Y-Van Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Linda Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michelle Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alisha Holtzhausen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rami Al-Rohil
- Department of Pathology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Durham, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - April K S Salama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia M Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael P Plebanek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicholas C DeVito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brent A Hanks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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26
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Han SY, Jang TW, Park HJ, Oh SS, Lee JB, Myoung SM, Park JH. Nypa fruticans Wurmb inhibits melanogenesis in isobutylmethylxanthine‑treated melanoma via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/CREB and MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:754. [PMID: 36545047 PMCID: PMC9751520 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is responsible for 3.0 and 1.7% of cases of tumor incidence and tumor-associated mortality, respectively, in the Caucasian population. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that occurs when melanocytes mutate and divide uncontrollably. Nypa fruticans Wurmb (NF) is abundant in phytochemicals (polyphenols and flavonoids) and is traditionally used to treat diseases of the respiratory tract. The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of NF (ENF) on melanogenesis-related factors in isobutylmethylxanthine-treated B16F10 melanoma cells. Phenolics and flavonoids (caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin and hirsutine) in ENF were analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, the main factors involved in melanogenesis were identified using immunoblotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RT-quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence. ENF significantly suppressed the expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and TYR-related proteins 1 and 2 (TYRP-1/2), which are the main factors involved in melanogenesis. ENF also inhibited the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) by phosphorylating the related cell signaling proteins (protein kinase B, mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein). Furthermore, ENF inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and thereby downregulated melanogenesis. In conclusion, ENF inhibited melanogenesis by suppressing MITF, which controls TYRP-1/2 and TYR. These results suggested that ENF may be a natural resource that can inhibit excessive melanin expression by regulating various melanogenesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Han
- Department of Medicinal Plant Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Park
- Department of Medicinal Plant Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Oh
- Research Center, Kiposs Co., Ltd., Seoul 08584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Bok Lee
- Research and Innovation Center, Kyochon Food and Beverage Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi‑do 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Myoung
- Department of Public Health Administration, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea,Correspondence to: Professor Jae-Ho Park, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
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27
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Karz A, Dimitrova M, Kleffman K, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Atkins MB, Boire A, Bosenberg M, Brastianos P, Cahill DP, Chen Q, Ferguson S, Forsyth P, Glitza Oliva IC, Goldberg SB, Holmen SL, Knisely JPS, Merlino G, Nguyen DX, Pacold ME, Perez-Guijarro E, Smalley KSM, Tawbi HA, Wen PY, Davies MA, Kluger HM, Mehnert JM, Hernando E. Melanoma central nervous system metastases: An update to approaches, challenges, and opportunities. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:554-572. [PMID: 35912544 PMCID: PMC10171356 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most common brain malignancy. This review discusses the studies presented at the third annual meeting of the Melanoma Research Foundation in the context of other recent reports on the biology and treatment of melanoma brain metastases (MBM). Although symptomatic MBM patients were historically excluded from immunotherapy trials, efforts from clinicians and patient advocates have resulted in more inclusive and even dedicated clinical trials for MBM patients. The results of checkpoint inhibitor trials were discussed in conversation with current standards of care for MBM patients, including steroids, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Advances in the basic scientific understanding of MBM, including the role of astrocytes and metabolic adaptations to the brain microenvironment, are exposing new vulnerabilities which could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Technical advances including single-cell omics and multiplex imaging are expanding our understanding of the MBM ecosystem and its response to therapy. This unprecedented level of spatial and temporal resolution is expected to dramatically advance the field in the coming years and render novel treatment approaches that might improve MBM patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcida Karz
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Maya Dimitrova
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Kleffman
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | | | - Michael B Atkins
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research NCI, NIH, USA
| | - Priscilla Brastianos
- MGH Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sherise Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Forsyth
- Department of Neuro-Oncology and Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Isabella C Glitza Oliva
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah B Goldberg
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan P S Knisely
- Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research NCI, NIH, USA
| | - Don X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael E Pacold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health and NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eva Perez-Guijarro
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research NCI, NIH, USA
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, United States, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harriet M Kluger
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Janice M Mehnert
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
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28
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Aizer AA, Lamba N, Ahluwalia MS, Aldape K, Boire A, Brastianos PK, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chiang VL, Davies MA, Hu LS, Huang RY, Kaufmann T, Kumthekar P, Lam K, Lee EQ, Lin NU, Mehta M, Parsons M, Reardon DA, Sheehan J, Soffietti R, Tawbi H, Weller M, Wen PY. Brain metastases: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1613-1646. [PMID: 35762249 PMCID: PMC9527527 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases occur commonly in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Yet, less is known about brain metastases than cancer-related entities of similar incidence. Advances in oncologic care have heightened the importance of intracranial management. Here, in this consensus review supported by the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO), we review the landscape of brain metastases with particular attention to management approaches and ongoing efforts with potential to shape future paradigms of care. Each coauthor carried an area of expertise within the field of brain metastases and initially composed, edited, or reviewed their specific subsection of interest. After each subsection was accordingly written, multiple drafts of the manuscript were circulated to the entire list of authors for group discussion and feedback. The hope is that the these consensus guidelines will accelerate progress in the understanding and management of patients with brain metastases, and highlight key areas in need of further exploration that will lead to dedicated trials and other research investigations designed to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayal A Aizer
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Ayal A. Aizer, MD/MHS, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA ()
| | | | | | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Department of Neurology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Departments of Neuro-Oncology and Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul D Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - D Ross Camidge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronica L Chiang
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leland S Hu
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Raymond Y Huang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology at The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University and The Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Keng Lam
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eudocia Q Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minesh Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Parsons
- Departments of Oncology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Zeng C, Zhou Y, Ye W, Fang Z, Wang K. Exploration and validation of hub genes in lung adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 11:3814-3826. [PMID: 36388051 PMCID: PMC9641136 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic abnormality is a crucial factor for lung cancer development. This study used bioinformatics analysis to explore the hub genes involved in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS The GeneCards, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), and DISEASES databases were used to screen the genes associated with lung adenocarcinoma. The hub genes were then identified using WebGestalt. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), UALCAN, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) were used to validate the expression of hub genes. The predictive effects of hub genes on the risk of lung adenocarcinoma were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The Tumor-Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB) was used to estimate the correlation between hub genes and immune infiltration. RESULTS A total of 21 genes were defined as common genes associated with lung adenocarcinoma, and from these, AKT1, CD44, and CDKN2A were identified as hub genes. Significant differences in the hub gene mRNA and protein expression were observed between lung adenocarcinoma samples and normal samples derived from the TCGA and UALCAN databases. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for AKT1, CD44, and CDKN2A in predicting lung adenocarcinoma risk was 0.847, 0.880, and 0.805, respectively, with sensitivity of 89.8%, 93.2%, and 94.9%, respectively. TISIDB analysis indicated that AKT1, CD44, and CDKN2A expression had a strong relationship with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS These hub genes, AKT1, CD44, and CDKN2A, may represent tumor biomarkers that may contribute to the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China;,Research Centre for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wanqing Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zihan Fang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China;,Research Centre for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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30
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Wang Y, Lian B, Si L, Mao L, Chi Z, Sheng X, Kong Y, Wang X, Bai X, Yan X, Li S, Tang B, Dai J, Zhou L, Wei X, Cui C, Guo J. Cumulative incidence and risk factors of brain metastasis for acral and mucosal melanoma patients with stages I-III. Eur J Cancer 2022; 175:196-203. [PMID: 36137395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies focused on the incidence of brain metastasis in patients with acral and mucosal melanoma, and a better understanding of the incidences and predictors of brain metastasis is needed in these patients. METHOD A prospectively accrued cohort of 799 patients with acral and mucosal melanoma in stages I-III from July 2011 to December 2015 at Peking University Cancer Hospital were included in this study. Competing risk models (Fine and Gray) were used to estimate the cumulative incidence of brain metastasis and compare the differences in cumulative incidence curves between different primary lesions, stages, and molecular types. RESULTS At a median follow-up time of 68.0 months, 60 of the 779 patients (7.7%) developed brain metastasis, and 261 (33.5%) patients developed extracranial metastasis. Considering the risk of competition, the cumulative incidence of brain metastasis at one year, two years, and five years after diagnosis were 5.1%, 10.2%, and 19.5%, respectively. Stage III, BRAF mutations, and NRAS mutations were associated with a high risk of brain metastasis in univariable analysis. Multivariate analysis showed BRAF mutations, and NRAS mutations had statistically correlated with an increased cumulative incidence of brain metastasis at diagnosis and all-time point of one year and two years after diagnosis. CONCLUSION This study is the first to report the cumulative incidence and risk factors of brain metastasis for patients with acral and mucosal melanoma in stages I-III. Patients with BRAF and NRAS mutations had a higher incidence at diagnosis and all-time point, providing the basis for surveillance guidelines and further mechanic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lian
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Si
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - LiLi Mao
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - ZhiHong Chi
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - XiNan Sheng
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - XieQiao Yan
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - SiMing Li
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - BiXia Tang
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wei
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - ChuanLiang Cui
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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31
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Wang S, Feng Y, Chen L, Yu J, Van Ongeval C, Bormans G, Li Y, Ni Y. Towards updated understanding of brain metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4290-4311. [PMID: 36225632 PMCID: PMC9548021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) is a common complication in cancer patients with advanced disease and attributes to treatment failure and final mortality. Currently there are several therapeutic options available; however these are only suitable for limited subpopulation: surgical resection or radiosurgery for cases with a limited number of lesions, targeted therapies for approximately 18% of patients, and immune checkpoint inhibitors with a response rate of 20-30%. Thus, there is a pressing need for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic options. This overview article aims to provide research advances in disease model, targeted therapy, blood brain barrier (BBB) opening strategies, imaging and its incorporation with artificial intelligence, external radiotherapy, and internal targeted radionuclide theragnostics. Finally, a distinct type of BM, leptomeningeal metastasis is also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncong Wang
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus GasthuisbergLeuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yuanbo Feng
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus GasthuisbergLeuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lei Chen
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus GasthuisbergLeuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jie Yu
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus GasthuisbergLeuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Chantal Van Ongeval
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU LeuvenHerestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus GasthuisbergLeuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yue Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- KU Leuven, Biomedical Group, Campus GasthuisbergLeuven 3000, Belgium
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32
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Xu X, Wang K, Vera O, Verma A, Jasani N, Bok I, Elemento O, Du D, Yu X, Karreth FA. Gain of Chromosome 1q Perturbs a Competitive Endogenous RNA Network to Promote Melanoma Metastasis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3016-3031. [PMID: 36052492 PMCID: PMC9971359 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic copy-number alterations (CNA) promote cancer, but the underlying driver genes may not be comprehensively identified if only the functions of the encoded proteins are considered. mRNAs can act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA), which sponge miRNAs to posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression in a protein coding-independent manner. We investigated the contribution of ceRNAs to the oncogenic effects of CNAs. Chromosome 1q gains promoted melanoma progression and metastasis at least in part through overexpression of three mRNAs with ceRNA activity: CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A. These ceRNAs enhanced melanoma metastasis by sequestering tumor suppressor miRNAs. Orthogonal genetic assays with miRNA inhibitors and target site blockers, along with rescue experiments, demonstrated that miRNA sequestration is critical for the oncogenic effects of CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A mRNAs. Furthermore, chromosome 1q ceRNA-mediated miRNA sequestration alleviated the repression of several prometastatic target genes. This regulatory RNA network was evident in other cancer types, suggesting chromosome 1q ceRNA deregulation as a common driver of cancer progression. Taken together, this work demonstrates that ceRNAs mediate the oncogenicity of somatic CNAs. SIGNIFICANCE The function of CEP170, NUCKS1, and ZC3H11A mRNAs as competitive endogenous RNAs that sequester tumor suppressor microRNAs underlies the oncogenic activity of chromosome 1q gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Neel Jasani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ilah Bok
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dongliang Du
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Florian A. Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
- Correspondence: Florian A. Karreth, PhD, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Stabile Research Building, Rm 23043, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, , Phone: 813-745-1851
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33
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Pardo-Sánchez I, García-Moreno D, Mulero V. Zebrafish Models to Study the Crosstalk between Inflammation and NADPH Oxidase-Derived Oxidative Stress in Melanoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071277. [PMID: 35883768 PMCID: PMC9311651 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and its incidence continues to increase. In the early stages of melanoma, when the malignant cells have not spread to lymph nodes, they can be removed by simple surgery and there is usually low recurrence. Melanoma has a high mortality rate due to its ability to metastasize; once melanoma has spread, it becomes a major health complication. For these reasons, it is important to study how healthy melanocytes transform into melanoma cells, how they interact with the immune system, which mechanisms they use to escape immunosurveillance, and, finally, how they spread and colonize other tissues, metastasizing. Inflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in the development of several types of cancer, including melanoma, but it is not yet clear under which conditions they are beneficial or detrimental. Models capable of studying the relevance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the early steps of melanocyte transformation are urgently needed, as they are expected to help recognize premetastatic lesions in patients by improving both early detection and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pardo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Acidified Metastatic Melanoma Cells Stimulate Growth, Migration, and Stemness of Normal Keratinocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030660. [PMID: 35327461 PMCID: PMC8945455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a highly malignant tumor. Melanoma cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contribute to the growth, metastasis, and malignancy of neighboring cells by transfer of tumor-promoting miRNAs, mRNA, and proteins. Melanoma microenvironment acidification promotes tumor progression and determines EVs’ properties. We studied the influence of EVs derived from metastatic melanoma cells cultivated at acidic (6.5) and normal (7.4) pH on the morphology and homeostasis of normal keratinocytes. Acidification of metastatic melanoma environment made EVs more prooncogenic with increased expression of prooncogenic mi221 RNA, stemless factor CD133, and pro-migration factor SNAI1, as well as with downregulated antitumor mir7 RNA. Incubation with EVs stimulated growth and migration both of metastatic melanoma cells and keratinocytes and changed the morphology of keratinocytes to stem-like phenotype, which was confirmed by increased expression of the stemness factors KLF and CD133. Activation of the AKT/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways and increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR and SNAI1 were detected in keratinocytes upon incubation with EVs. Moreover, EVs reduced the production of different cytokines (IL6, IL10, and IL12) and adhesion factors (sICAM-1, sICAM-3, sPecam-1, and sCD40L) usually secreted by keratinocytes to control melanoma progression. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the correlation between decreased expression of these secreted factors and worse survival prognosis for patients with metastatic melanoma. Altogether, our data mean that metastatic melanoma EVs are important players in the transformation of normal keratinocytes.
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Bayer AL, Pietruska J, Farrell J, McRee S, Alcaide P, Hinds PW. AKT1 Is Required for a Complete Palbociclib-Induced Senescence Phenotype in BRAF-V600E-Driven Human Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030572. [PMID: 35158840 PMCID: PMC8833398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a carefully regulated process of proliferative arrest accompanied by functional and morphologic changes. Senescence allows damaged cells to avoid neoplastic proliferation; however, the induction of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can promote tumor growth. The complexity of senescence may limit the efficacy of anti-neoplastic agents, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors (Cdk4/6i), that induce a senescence-like state in tumor cells. The AKT kinase family, which contains three isoforms that play both unique and redundant roles in cancer progression, is commonly hyperactive in many cancers including melanoma and has been implicated in the regulation of senescence. To interrogate the role of AKT isoforms in Cdk4/6i-induced cellular senescence, we generated isoform-specific AKT knockout human melanoma cell lines. We found that the CDK4/6i Palbociclib induced a form of senescence in these cells that was dependent on AKT1. We then evaluated the activity of the cGAS-STING pathway, recently implicated in cellular senescence, finding that cGAS-STING function was dependent on AKT1, and pharmacologic inhibition of cGAS had little effect on senescence. However, we found SASP factors to require NF-κB function, in part dependent on a stimulatory phosphorylation of IKKα by AKT1. In summary, we provide the first evidence of a novel, isoform-specific role for AKT1 in therapy-induced senescence in human melanoma cells acting through NF-κB but independent of cGAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham L. Bayer
- Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (A.L.B.); (P.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jodie Pietruska
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.P.); (J.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Jaymes Farrell
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.P.); (J.F.); (S.M.)
- Program in Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Siobhan McRee
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.P.); (J.F.); (S.M.)
- Program in Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (A.L.B.); (P.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Philip W. Hinds
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (J.P.); (J.F.); (S.M.)
- Program in Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence:
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Saberian C, Davies MA. Re-thinking therapeutic development for CNS metastatic disease. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:74-81. [PMID: 34152638 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There has been unprecedented progress in the development of systemic therapies for patients with metastatic melanoma over the last decade. There is now tremendous potential and momentum to further and markedly reduce the impact of this disease. However, developing more effective treatments for metastases to the CNS remains a critical challenge for patients with melanoma. Melanoma patients with active CNS metastases have largely been excluded from both early-phase and registration trials for all currently approved targeted and immune therapies for this disease. While this exclusion has generally been justified in clinical research due to concerns about poor prognosis, lack of CNS penetration of agents and/or risk of toxicities, recent post-approval trials have shown the feasibility, safety and clinical benefit of clinical investigation in these patients. These trials have also identified key areas for which more effective strategies are needed. In parallel, recent translational and preclinical research has provided insights into novel immune, molecular and metabolic features of melanoma brain metastases that may mediate the aggressive biology and therapeutic resistance of these tumors. Together, these advances suggest the need for new paradigms for therapeutic development for melanoma patients with CNS metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Saberian
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Parkman GL, Foth M, Kircher DA, Holmen SL, McMahon M. The role of PI3'-lipid signalling in melanoma initiation, progression and maintenance. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:43-56. [PMID: 34717019 PMCID: PMC8724390 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' hydroxyl (OH) of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositides (PI). Through their downstream effectors, PI3K generated lipids (PI3K-lipids hereafter) such as PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2 regulate myriad biochemical and biological processes in both normal and cancer cells including responses to growth hormones and cytokines; the cell division cycle; cell death; cellular growth; angiogenesis; membrane dynamics; and autophagy and many aspects of cellular metabolism. Engagement of receptor tyrosine kinase by their cognate ligands leads to activation of members of the Class I family of PI3'-kinases (PI3Kα, β, δ & γ) leading to accumulation of PI3K-lipids. Importantly, PI3K-lipid accumulation is antagonized by the hydrolytic action of a number of PI3K-lipid phosphatases, most notably the melanoma suppressor PTEN (lipid phosphatase and tensin homologue). Downstream of PI3K-lipid production, the protein kinases AKT1-3 are believed to be key effectors of PI3'-kinase signalling in cells. Indeed, in preclinical models, activation of the PI3K→AKT signalling axis cooperates with alterations such as expression of the BRAFV600E oncoprotein kinase to promote melanoma progression and metastasis. In this review, we describe the different classes of PI3K-lipid effectors, and how they may promote melanomagenesis, influence the tumour microenvironment, melanoma maintenance and progression to metastatic disease. We also provide an update on both FDA-approved or experimental inhibitors of the PI3K→AKT pathway that are currently being evaluated for the treatment of melanoma either in preclinical models or in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennie L. Parkman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mona Foth
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David A. Kircher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sheri L. Holmen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Martin McMahon
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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38
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Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with few therapeutic options, increased biological understanding and unprecedented innovations in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints have substantially improved the prognosis of patients. However, the low response rate and inevitable occurrence of resistance to currently available targeted therapies have posed the obstacle in the path of melanoma management to obtain further amelioration. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying melanoma pathogenesis more comprehensively, which might lead to more substantial progress in therapeutic approaches and expand clinical options for melanoma therapy. In this review, we firstly make a brief introduction to melanoma epidemiology, clinical subtypes, risk factors, and current therapies. Then, the signal pathways orchestrating melanoma pathogenesis, including genetic mutations, key transcriptional regulators, epigenetic dysregulations, metabolic reprogramming, crucial metastasis-related signals, tumor-promoting inflammatory pathways, and pro-angiogenic factors, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Subsequently, we outline current progresses in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints, as well as the mechanisms underlying the treatment resistance. Finally, the prospects and challenges in the development of melanoma therapy, especially immunotherapy and related ongoing clinical trials, are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Saberian C, Sperduto P, Davies MA. Targeted therapy strategies for melanoma brain metastasis. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:v75-v85. [PMID: 34859235 PMCID: PMC8633745 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive of the common forms of skin cancer. Metastasis to the central nervous system is one of the most common and deadly complications of this disease. Historically, melanoma patients with brain metastases had a median survival of less than 6 months. However, outcomes of melanoma patients have markedly improved over the last decade due to new therapeutic approaches, including immune and targeted therapies. Targeted therapies leverage the high rate of driver mutations in this disease, which result in the activation of multiple key signaling pathways. The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway is activated in the majority of cutaneous melanomas, most commonly by point mutations in the Braf serine-threonine kinase. While most early targeted therapy studies excluded melanoma patients with brain metastases, subsequent studies have shown that BRAF inhibitors, now generally given concurrently with MEK inhibitors, achieve high rates of tumor response and disease control in Braf-mutant melanoma brain metastases (MBMs). Unfortunately, the duration of these responses is generally relatively short- and shorter than is observed in extracranial metastases. This review will summarize current data regarding the safety and efficacy of targeted therapies for MBMs and discuss rational combinatorial strategies that may improve outcomes further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Saberian
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Sperduto
- Minneapolis Radiation Oncology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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40
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Zheng K, Cai Y, Lei Y, Liu Y, Sun Z, Wang Y, Xu X, Zhang Z. Proteomic characteristics of beryllium sulfate-induced differentially expressed proteins in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:962-974. [PMID: 34733481 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to beryllium sulfate (BeSO4), and proteomic and bioinformatic techniques were applied to screen for differentially expressed proteins in their lung tissue and serum. A total of 12 coexpression modules were constructed for 18 samples with 2333 proteins. Four modules were found to have significant differences in the regulation of protein coexpression modules in the serum following exposure to BeSO4. A further three modules had significant differences in the regulation of protein coexpression modules in the lung tissues. Five modules with good correlation were obtained by calculating the gene significance and module membership values, whereas these module Hub proteins included: Hspbp1, Rps15a, Srsf2, Hadhb, Elmo3, Armt1, Rpl18, Afap1L1, Eif3d, Eif3c, and Rps3. The five proteins correlating highest with the Hub proteins in the lung tissue and serum samples were obtained using string analysis. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses showed that these proteins are mainly involved in ribosome formation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and tumor necrosis factor regulation. By analyzing the biological functions of these proteins, proteins that can be used as biomarkers, such as Akt1, Prpf19, Cct2, and Rpl18, are finally obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuandi Lei
- School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhanbing Sun
- School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xinyun Xu
- Institute of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Abstract
Modeling of metastatic disease in animal models is a critical resource to study the complexity of this multi-step process in a relevant system. Available models of metastatic disease to the brain are still far from ideal but they allow to address specific aspects of the biology or mimic clinically relevant scenarios. We not only review experimental models and their potential improvements but also discuss specific answers that could be obtained from them on unsolved aspects of clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauritz Miarka
- Brain Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Brain Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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42
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Hua H, Zhang H, Chen J, Wang J, Liu J, Jiang Y. Targeting Akt in cancer for precision therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:128. [PMID: 34419139 PMCID: PMC8379749 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers-guided precision therapeutics has revolutionized the clinical development and administration of molecular-targeted anticancer agents. Tailored precision cancer therapy exhibits better response rate compared to unselective treatment. Protein kinases have critical roles in cell signaling, metabolism, proliferation, survival and migration. Aberrant activation of protein kinases is critical for tumor growth and progression. Hence, protein kinases are key targets for molecular targeted cancer therapy. The serine/threonine kinase Akt is frequently activated in various types of cancer. Activation of Akt promotes tumor progression and drug resistance. Since the first Akt inhibitor was reported in 2000, many Akt inhibitors have been developed and evaluated in either early or late stage of clinical trials, which take advantage of liquid biopsy and genomic or molecular profiling to realize personalized cancer therapy. Two inhibitors, capivasertib and ipatasertib, are being tested in phase III clinical trials for cancer therapy. Here, we highlight recent progress of Akt signaling pathway, review the up-to-date data from clinical studies of Akt inhibitors and discuss the potential biomarkers that may help personalized treatment of cancer with Akt inhibitors. In addition, we also discuss how Akt may confer the vulnerability of cancer cells to some kinds of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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43
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Ma Y, Xia R, Ma X, Judson-Torres RL, Zeng H. Mucosal Melanoma: Pathological Evolution, Pathway Dependency and Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:702287. [PMID: 34350118 PMCID: PMC8327265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.702287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare melanoma subtype that originates from melanocytes within sun-protected mucous membranes. Compared with cutaneous melanoma (CM), MM has worse prognosis and lacks effective treatment options. Moreover, the endogenous or exogenous risk factors that influence mucosal melanocyte transformation, as well as the identity of MM precursor lesions, are ambiguous. Consequently, there remains a lack of molecular markers that can be used for early diagnosis, and therefore better management, of MM. In this review, we first summarize the main functions of mucosal melanocytes. Then, using oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) as a model, we discuss the distinct pathologic stages from benign mucosal melanocytes to metastatic MM, mapping the possible evolutionary trajectories that correspond to MM initiation and progression. We highlight key areas of ambiguity during the genetic evolution of MM from its benign lesions, and the resolution of which could aid in the discovery of new biomarkers for MM detection and diagnosis. We outline the key pathways that are altered in MM, including the MAPK pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway, cell cycle regulation, telomere maintenance, and the RNA maturation process, and discuss targeted therapy strategies for MM currently in use or under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Ma
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghui Xia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Ma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert L Judson-Torres
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hanlin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
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44
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Patton EE, Mueller KL, Adams DJ, Anandasabapathy N, Aplin AE, Bertolotto C, Bosenberg M, Ceol CJ, Burd CE, Chi P, Herlyn M, Holmen SL, Karreth FA, Kaufman CK, Khan S, Kobold S, Leucci E, Levy C, Lombard DB, Lund AW, Marie KL, Marine JC, Marais R, McMahon M, Robles-Espinoza CD, Ronai ZA, Samuels Y, Soengas MS, Villanueva J, Weeraratna AT, White RM, Yeh I, Zhu J, Zon LI, Hurlbert MS, Merlino G. Melanoma models for the next generation of therapies. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:610-631. [PMID: 33545064 PMCID: PMC8378471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of appropriate melanoma models that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutic modalities. Here, we discuss the current state of the art of melanoma models including genetically engineered mouse, patient-derived xenograft, zebrafish, and ex vivo and in vitro models. We also identify five major challenges that can be addressed using such models, including metastasis and tumor dormancy, drug resistance, the melanoma immune response, and the impact of aging and environmental exposures on melanoma progression and drug resistance. Additionally, we discuss the opportunity for building models for rare subtypes of melanomas, which represent an unmet critical need. Finally, we identify key recommendations for melanoma models that may improve accuracy of preclinical testing and predict efficacy in clinical trials, to help usher in the next generation of melanoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Kristen L Mueller
- Melanoma Research Alliance, 730 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Meyer Cancer Center, Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team 1, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2020, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, and Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Craig J Ceol
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christin E Burd
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Biology, and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Biomedical Research Tower, Room 918, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sheri L Holmen
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Florian A Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Developmental Biology, McDonnell Science Building, 4518 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shaheen Khan
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, LKI, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Trace, Department of Oncology, LKI, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmit Levy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Gerontology, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kerrie L Marie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Marais
- CRUK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Martin McMahon
- Department of Dermatology & Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maria S Soengas
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessie Villanueva
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiyue Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc S Hurlbert
- Melanoma Research Alliance, 730 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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45
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Wilkes JG, Patel A, McClure E, Pina Y, Zager JS. Developments in therapy for brain metastases in melanoma patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1443-1453. [PMID: 33688795 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cutaneous melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. While cytotoxic agents, interferon, or interleukin-2, have been used with some success in extracranial disease, limited efficacy is demonstrated in MBM. The rare patient with long-term survival presented with limited intracranial disease amenable to surgery or radiation therapy. However, the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy over the last decade has significantly improved overall survival in this formerly devastating presentation of metastatic melanoma.Areas covered: This article reviews the mechanism of brain metastasis, challenges with treating the central nervous system, historical treatment of MBM, and outcomes in clinical trials with targeted therapy and immunotherapy.Expert opinion: The MBM patient population now, more than ever, requires a multidisciplinary approach with surgery, radiation therapy, and the use of newer systemic therapies such as immunotherapy agents and targeted therapy agents. MBM has traditionally been excluded from clinical trials for systemic therapy due to poor survival. However, recent data show overall survival rates have significantly improved, supporting the need for inclusion of MBM patients in systemic therapy clinical trials. Understanding the mechanisms of therapeutic activity in the brain, resistance mechanisms, and the appropriate multi-modality treatment approach requires further investigation. Nevertheless, these therapies continue to give some hope to patients with historically poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Wilkes
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ayushi Patel
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erin McClure
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yolanda Pina
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan S Zager
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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From Proteomic Mapping to Invasion-Metastasis-Cascade Systemic Biomarkering and Targeted Drugging of Mutant BRAF-Dependent Human Cutaneous Melanomagenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092024. [PMID: 33922182 PMCID: PMC8122743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the recent advances in human malignancy therapy, metastasis and chemoresistance remain the principal causes of cancer-derived deaths. Given the fatal forms of cutaneous metastatic melanoma, we herein employed primary (WM115) and metastatic (WM266-4) melanoma cells, both obtained from the same patient, to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Through state-of-the-art technologies including deep proteome landscaping, immunofluorescence phenotyping, and drug toxicity screening, we were able to describe new molecular programs, oncogenic drivers, and drug regimens, controlling the invasion-metastasis cascade during BRAFV600D-dependent melanomagenesis. It proved that proteomic navigation could foster the development of systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging for successful treatment of advanced disease. Abstract Melanoma is classified among the most notoriously aggressive human cancers. Despite the recent progress, due to its propensity for metastasis and resistance to therapy, novel biomarkers and oncogenic molecular drivers need to be promptly identified for metastatic melanoma. Hence, by employing nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry deep proteomics technology, advanced bioinformatics algorithms, immunofluorescence, western blotting, wound healing protocols, molecular modeling programs, and MTT assays, we comparatively examined the respective proteomic contents of WM115 primary (n = 3955 proteins) and WM266-4 metastatic (n = 6681 proteins) melanoma cells. It proved that WM115 and WM266-4 cells have engaged hybrid epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition states, with TGF-β controlling their motility in vitro. They are characterized by different signatures of SOX-dependent neural crest-like stemness and distinct architectures of the cytoskeleton network. Multiple signaling pathways have already been activated from the primary melanoma stage, whereas HIF1α, the major hypoxia-inducible factor, can be exclusively observed in metastatic melanoma cells. Invasion-metastasis cascade-specific sub-routines of activated Caspase-3-triggered apoptosis and LC3B-II-dependent constitutive autophagy were also unveiled. Importantly, WM115 and WM266-4 cells exhibited diverse drug response profiles, with epirubicin holding considerable promise as a beneficial drug for metastatic melanoma clinical management. It is the proteome navigation that enables systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging to open new therapeutic windows for advanced disease.
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Huang H, Yi J, Park S, Zhang H, Kim E, Park S, Kwon W, Jang S, Zhang X, Chen H, Choi SK, Kim SH, Liu K, Dong Z, Lee MH, Ryoo Z, Kim MO. Costunolide suppresses melanoma growth via the AKT/mTOR pathway in vitro and in vivo. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1410-1427. [PMID: 33948365 PMCID: PMC8085867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most common type of skin cancer and its incidence is rapidly increasing. AKT, and its related signaling pathways, are highly activated in many cancers including lung, colon, and esophageal cancers. Costunolide (CTD) is a sesquiterpene lactone that has been reported to possess neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. However, the target and mechanism underlying its efficacy in melanoma have not been identified. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism behind the anti-cancer effect of CTD in melanoma in vitro and in vivo by identifying CTD as an AKT inhibitor. We first verified that p-AKT and AKT are highly expressed in melanoma patient tissues and cell lines. CTD significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells including SK-MEL-5, SK-MEL-28, and A375 that are overexpressed p-AKT and AKT proteins. We investigated the mechanism of CTD using a computational docking modeling, pull-down, and site directed mutagenesis assay. CTD directly bound to AKT thereby arresting cell cycle at the G1 phase, and inducing the apoptosis of melanoma cells. In addition, CTD regulated the G1 phase and apoptosis biomarkers, and inhibited the expression of AKT/mTOR/GSK3b/p70S6K/4EBP cascade proteins. After reducing AKT expression in melanoma cells, cell growth was significantly decreased and CTD did not showed further inhibitory effects. Furthermore, CTD administration suppressed tumor growth and weight in cell-derived xenograft mice models in vivo without body weight loss and inhibited the expression of Ki-67, p-AKT, and p70S6K in tumor tissues. In summary, our study implied that CTD inhibited melanoma progression in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we reported that CTD could affect melanoma growth by targeting AKT. Therefore, CTD has considerable potential as a drug for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National UniversitySangju-si, Gyeongsang buk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkoo Yi
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research InstituteYeongju 36052, South Korea
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGISTDaegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brian and Cognitive Sciences, DGISTDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National UniversitySangju-si, Gyeongsang buk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National UniversitySangju-si, Gyeongsang buk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Sijun Park
- Shool of Life Science, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookbong Kwon
- Shool of Life Science, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, Republic of Korea
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGISTDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- Shool of Life Science, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGISTDaegu, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, DGISTDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-hyun Kim
- Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Korea Polytechnic CollegeChungnam, Korea
| | - Kangddong Liu
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University ZhengzhouZhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University ZhengzhouZhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin UniversityNaju, Jeollanamdo 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Zaeyoung Ryoo
- Shool of Life Science, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National UniversitySangju-si, Gyeongsang buk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
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48
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Gao Y, Xu J, Li H, Hu Y, Yu G. Identification of Metastasis-Associated MicroRNAs in Metastatic Melanoma by miRNA Expression Profile and Experimental Validation. Front Genet 2021; 12:663110. [PMID: 33897771 PMCID: PMC8063111 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.663110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is reported that microRNAs (miRNA) have paramount functions in many cellular biological processes, development, metabolism, differentiation, survival, proliferation, and apoptosis included, some of which are involved in metastasis of tumors, such as melanoma. Here, three metastasis-associated miRNAs, miR-18a-5p (upregulated), miR-155-5p (downregulated), and miR-93-5p (upregulated), were identified from a total of 63 different expression miRNAs (DEMs) in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma. We predicted 262 target genes of miR-18a-5p, 904 miR-155-5p target genes, and 1220 miR-93-5p target genes. They participated in pathways concerning melanoma, such as TNF signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, FoxO signaling pathway, cell cycle, Hippo signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway. We identified the top 10 hub nodes whose degrees were higher for each survival-associated miRNA as hub genes through constructing the PPI network. Using the selected miRNA and the hub genes, we constructed the miRNA-hub gene network, and PTEN and CCND1 were found to be regulated by all three miRNAs. Of note, miR-155-5p was obviously downregulated in metastatic melanoma tissues, and miR-18a-5p and miR-93-5p were obviously regulated positively in metastatic melanoma tissues. In validating experiments, miR-155-5p's overexpression inhibited miR-18a-5p's and miR-93-5p's expression, which could all significantly reduce SK-MEL-28 cells' invasive ability. Finally, miR-93-5p and its potential target gene UBC were selected for further validation. We found that miR-93-5p's inhibition could reduce SK-MEL-28 cell's invasive ability through upregulated the expression of UBC, and the anti-invasive effect was reserved by downregulation of UBC. The results show that the selected three metastasis-associated miRNAs participate in the process of melanoma metastasis via regulating their target genes, providing a potential molecular mechanism for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Gao
- Department of Oncology, People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Oncology, People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Makawita S, Tawbi HA. Nonsurgical Management of Melanoma Brain Metastasis: Current Therapeutics, Challenges, and Strategies for Progress. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41:79-90. [PMID: 34010041 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_321137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of nonsurgical treatment strategies for central nervous system metastases in melanoma as well as discuss treatment challenges and future directions. Recent strategies for melanoma brain metastases have involved proving the intracranial activity of approved therapies as well as identifying novel drug targets. BRAF/MEK combination therapy has intracranial activity in those with BRAF V600 mutations, though disease control is shorter for intracranial than extracranial metastases. Immunotherapy and combination immunotherapies have emerged as providing durable responses in melanoma, and newer studies combining immunotherapy with targeted therapies are emerging. Continued challenges include penetration through the blood-brain barrier and development of resistance mechanisms. Novel therapeutic targets and methods to improve central nervous system penetrance are being identified through the application of deep DNA- and RNA-sequencing analyses. Radiation therapy approaches, especially stereotactic radiosurgery in combination or in sequence with systemic therapies, are also being investigated. Both targeted therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized the field of melanoma treatment. Multimodality approaches with multidisciplinary teams will pave the way for the future of central nervous system disease treatment in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Makawita
- Department of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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50
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Rosenbaum SR, Knecht M, Mollaee M, Zhong Z, Erkes DA, McCue PA, Chervoneva I, Berger AC, Lo JA, Fisher DE, Gershenwald JE, Davies MA, Purwin TJ, Aplin AE. FOXD3 Regulates VISTA Expression in Melanoma. Cell Rep 2021; 30:510-524.e6. [PMID: 31940493 PMCID: PMC6995351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved patient survival in melanoma, but the innate resistance of many patients necessitates the investigation of alternative immune targets. Many immune checkpoint proteins lack proper characterization, including V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA). VISTA expression on immune cells can suppress T cell activity; however, few studies have investigated its expression and regulation in cancer cells. In this study, we observe that VISTA is expressed in melanoma patient samples and cell lines. Tumor cell-specific expression of VISTA promotes tumor onset in vivo, associated with increased intratumoral T regulatory cells, and enhanced PDL-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating macrophages. VISTA transcript levels are regulated by the stemness factor Forkhead box D3 (FOXD3). BRAF inhibition upregulates FOXD3 and reduces VISTA expression. Overall, this study demonstrates melanoma cell expression of VISTA and its regulation by FOXD3, contributing to the rationale for therapeutic strategies that combine targeted inhibitors with immune checkpoint blockade. VISTA is an understudied immune checkpoint protein. Through the analysis of patient samples and studies in mouse models, Rosenbaum et al. investigate the functional consequences of VISTA expression on melanoma cells. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the BRAF-regulated transcription factor FOXD3 negatively regulates VISTA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheera R Rosenbaum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Meghan Knecht
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mehri Mollaee
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Zhijiu Zhong
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dan A Erkes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics in the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam C Berger
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lo
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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