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Wang L, Mishra S, Fan KKH, Quon S, Li G, Yu B, Liao W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Li Y, Goldrath AW, Ma C, Zhang N. T-bet deficiency and Hic1 induction override TGF-β-dependency in the formation of CD103 + intestine-resident memory CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114258. [PMID: 38781073 PMCID: PMC11240284 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) represents a well-established signal required for tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) formation at intestinal surfaces, regulating the expression of a large collection of genes coordinately promoting intestinal TRM differentiation. The functional contribution from each TGF-β-controlled transcription factor is not entirely known. Here, we find that TGF-β-induced T-bet downregulation and Hic1 induction represent two critical events during intestinal TRM differentiation. Importantly, T-bet deficiency significantly rescues intestinal TRM formation in the absence of the TGF-β receptor. Hic1 induction further strengthens TRM maturation in the absence of TGF-β and T-bet. Our results reveal that provision of certain TGF-β-induced molecular events can partially replace TGF-β signaling to promote the establishment of intestinal TRMs, which allows the functional dissection of TGF-β-induced transcriptional targets and molecular mechanisms for TRM differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kenneth Ka-Ho Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sara Quon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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2
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Costa-da-Silva AC, Villapudua CU, Hoffman MP, Aure MH. Immunomodulation of salivary gland function due to cancer therapy. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38696474 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Functional salivary glands (SG) are essential for maintaining oral health, and salivary dysfunction is a persistent major clinical challenge. Several cancer therapies also have off-target effects leading to SG dysfunction. Recent advances highlight the role of SG immune populations in homeostasis, dysfunction and gland regeneration. Here, we review what is known about SG immune populations during development and postnatal homeostasis. We summarize recent findings of immune cell involvement in SG dysfunction following cancer treatments such as irradiation (IR) for head and neck cancers, immune transplant leading to graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. The role of immune cells in SG in both homeostasis and disease, is an emerging field of research that may provide important clues to organ dysfunction and lead to novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Costa-da-Silva
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos U Villapudua
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Chang L, Zheng Z, Xiao F, Zhou Y, Zhong B, Ni Q, Qian C, Chen C, Che T, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Zou Q, Li J, Lu L, Zou L, Wu Y. Single-cell clonal tracing of glandular and circulating T cells identifies a population of CD9+ CD8+ T cells in primary Sjogren's syndrome. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:804-818. [PMID: 37395700 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease in which local tissue damage in exocrine glands is combined with broader systemic involvement across the body in tissues including the skin. These combined manifestations negatively impact patient health and quality of life. While studies have previously reported differences in immune cell composition in the peripheral blood of pSS patients relative to healthy control subjects, a detailed immune cell landscape of the damaged exocrine glands of these patients remains lacking. Through single-cell transcriptomics and repertoire sequencing of immune cells in paired peripheral blood samples and salivary gland biopsies, we present here a preliminary picture of adaptive immune response in pSS. We characterize a number of points of divergence between circulating and glandular immune responses that have been hitherto underappreciated, and identify a novel population of CD8+ CD9+ cells with tissue-residential properties that are highly enriched in the salivary glands of pSS patients. Through comparative analyses with other sequencing data, we also observe a potential connection between these cells and the tissue-resident memory cells found in cutaneous vasculitis lesions. Together, these results indicate a potential role for CD8+ CD9+ cells in mediating glandular and systemic effects associated with pSS and other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chang
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, 13 Tianchi Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bing Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingshan Ni
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Qian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengshun Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiantian Che
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liyun Zou
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Avenue, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
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4
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Al-Talib M, Dimonte S, Humphreys IR. Mucosal T-cell responses to chronic viral infections: Implications for vaccine design. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01140-2. [PMID: 38459243 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces that line the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts are the major interfaces between the immune system and the environment. Their unique immunological landscape is characterized by the necessity of balancing tolerance to commensal microorganisms and other innocuous exposures against protection from pathogenic threats such as viruses. Numerous pathogenic viruses, including herpesviruses and retroviruses, exploit this environment to establish chronic infection. Effector and regulatory T-cell populations, including effector and resident memory T cells, play instrumental roles in mediating the transition from acute to chronic infection, where a degree of viral replication is tolerated to minimize immunopathology. Persistent antigen exposure during chronic viral infection leads to the evolution and divergence of these responses. In this review, we discuss advances in the understanding of mucosal T-cell immunity during chronic viral infections and how features of T-cell responses develop in different chronic viral infections of the mucosa. We consider how insights into T-cell immunity at mucosal surfaces could inform vaccine strategies: not only to protect hosts from chronic viral infections but also to exploit viruses that can persist within mucosal surfaces as vaccine vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Talib
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute/Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 5 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Sandra Dimonte
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute/Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute/Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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5
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Brunel S, Picarda G, Gupta A, Ghosh R, McDonald B, El Morabiti R, Jiang W, Greenbaum JA, Adler B, Seumois G, Croft M, Vijayanand P, Benedict CA. Late-rising CD4 T cells resolve mouse cytomegalovirus persistent replication in the salivary gland. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011852. [PMID: 38236791 PMCID: PMC10796040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional antiviral memory CD4 T cells typically arise during the first two weeks of acute infection. Unlike most viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV) exhibits an extended persistent replication phase followed by lifelong latency accompanied with some gene expression. We show that during mouse CMV (MCMV) infection, CD4 T cells recognizing an epitope derived from the viral M09 protein only develop after conventional memory T cells have already peaked and contracted. Ablating these CD4 T cells by mutating the M09 genomic epitope in the MCMV Smith strain, or inducing them by introducing the epitope into the K181 strain, resulted in delayed or enhanced control of viral persistence, respectively. These cells were shown to be unique compared to their conventional memory counterparts; producing higher IFNγ and IL-2 and lower IL-10 levels. RNAseq analyses revealed them to express distinct subsets of effector genes as compared to classical CD4 T cells. Additionally, when M09 cells were induced by epitope vaccination they significantly enhanced protection when compared to conventional CD4 T cells alone. These data show that late-rising CD4 T cells are a unique memory subset with excellent protective capacities that display a development program strongly differing from the majority of memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brunel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gaelle Picarda
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ankan Gupta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Raima Ghosh
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan McDonald
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rachid El Morabiti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wenjin Jiang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Greenbaum
- LJI Bioinformatics Core, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara Adler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig- Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chris A. Benedict
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
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6
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Xie W, Bruce K, Stevenson PG, Farrell HE. Indirect CD4 + T cell protection against persistent MCMV infection by NK cells requires IFNγ. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38271001 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Host control of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of MHCII- salivary gland acinar cells is mediated by CD4+ T cells, but how they protect is unclear. Here, we show CD4+ T cells control MCMV indirectly in the salivary gland, via IFNγ engagement with uninfected, but antigen+ MHCII+ APC and recruitment of NK cells to infected cell foci. This immune mechanism renders direct contact of CD4+ T cells with infected cells unnecessary and may represent a host strategy to overcome viral immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiaojie Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kimberley Bruce
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip G Stevenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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7
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Sánchez‐Cerrillo I, Calzada‐Fraile D, Triguero‐Martínez A, Calvet‐Mirabent M, Popova O, Delgado‐Arévalo C, Valdivia‐Mazeyra M, Ramírez‐Huesca M, de Luis EV, Benguría A, Aceña‐Gonzalo T, Moreno‐Vellisca R, de Llano MA, de la Fuente H, Tsukalov I, Delgado‐Wicke P, Fernández‐Ruiz E, Roy‐Vallejo E, Tejedor‐Lázaro R, Ramiro A, Iborra S, Sánchez‐Madrid F, Dopazo A, Álvaro IG, Castañeda S, Martin‐Gayo E. MICa/b-dependent activation of natural killer cells by CD64 + inflammatory type 2 dendritic cells contributes to autoimmunity. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113714. [PMID: 37916875 PMCID: PMC10690448 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder largely mediated by type I and II interferon (IFN). The potential contribution of innate immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DC), to the pSS pathology remains understudied. Here, we identified an enriched CD16+ CD56hi NK cell subset associated with higher cytotoxic function, as well as elevated proportions of inflammatory CD64+ conventional dendritic cell (cDC2) subtype that expresses increased levels of MICa/b, the ligand for the activating receptor NKG2D, in pSS individuals. Circulating cDC2 from pSS patients efficiently induced activation of cytotoxic NK cells ex vivo and were found in proximity to CD56+ NK cells in salivary glands (SG) from pSS patients. Interestingly, transcriptional activation of IFN signatures associated with the RIG-I/DDX60 pathway, IFN I receptor, and its target genes regulate the expression of NKG2D ligands on cDC2 from pSS patients. Finally, increased proportions of CD64hi RAE-1+ cDC2 and NKG2D+ CD11b+ CD27+ NK cells were present in vivo in the SG after poly I:C injection. Our study provides novel insight into the contribution and interplay of NK and cDC2 in pSS pathology and identifies new potential therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildefonso Sánchez‐Cerrillo
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Diego Calzada‐Fraile
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Vascular Pathophysiology DepartmentCentro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Ana Triguero‐Martínez
- Rheumatology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Marta Calvet‐Mirabent
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Olga Popova
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Cristina Delgado‐Arévalo
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | | | - Marta Ramírez‐Huesca
- Vascular Pathophysiology DepartmentCentro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | | | - Alberto Benguría
- Genomic UnitCentro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Teresa Aceña‐Gonzalo
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | | | | | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Ilya Tsukalov
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Pablo Delgado‐Wicke
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Elena Fernández‐Ruiz
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Emilia Roy‐Vallejo
- Rheumatology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Reyes Tejedor‐Lázaro
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Almudena Ramiro
- Vascular Pathophysiology DepartmentCentro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Vascular Pathophysiology DepartmentCentro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Francisco Sánchez‐Madrid
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Vascular Pathophysiology DepartmentCentro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Vascular Pathophysiology DepartmentCentro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- Genomic UnitCentro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Isidoro González Álvaro
- Rheumatology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Cátedra UAM‐Roche, EPID‐Future, Department of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Enrique Martin‐Gayo
- Immunology UnitHospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria‐Princesa IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECC), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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8
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Borys SM, Reilly SP, Magill I, Zemmour D, Brossay L. PD-1 Mediated Regulation of Unique Activated CD8 + T Cells by NK Cells in the Submandibular Gland. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.557930. [PMID: 37745414 PMCID: PMC10515922 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing utilization of anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has led to the emergence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including sicca syndrome. Interestingly, we found that the submandibular gland (SMG) of PD-1 deficient mice harbors a large population of CD8 + T cells, reminiscing ICB induced sicca. This phenotype was also observed in the SMG of both NK cell-depleted C57BL/6 animals and NK cell-deficient animals. Mechanistically, using mice conditionally deficient for PD-L1 in the NK cell lineage, we discovered that NK cells regulate CD8 + T cell homeostasis via the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in this organ. Importantly, single-cell RNA sequencing of PD-1 deficient SMG CD8 + T cells reveals a unique transcriptional profile consistent with TCR activation. These cells have limited TCR diversity and phenotypically overlap with GzmK + CD8 + T autoimmune cells identified in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients. These insights into NK cell immunoregulation in the SMG, and the consequences of disrupted CD8 + T cell homeostasis, provide opportunities for preventing the development of irAEs. Highlights Elevated CD8 + T cells in the submandibular gland (SMG) of PD-1 deficient mice parallel sicca-like irAEs seen in ICB patients. In addition to their previously described hyporesponsive phenotype, NK cells in the SMG regulate CD8 + T cell homeostasis through the PD-L1/PD-1 axis. PD-1 deficient SMG CD8 + T cells display unique transcriptional profiles associated with proinflammatory functions, TCR activation, interferon stimulation, and exhaustion. Oligoclonal expansion and similarities in TCR sequences indicate T cell activation and a preference for recognizing specific antigens.
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9
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Evrard M, Becht E, Fonseca R, Obers A, Park SL, Ghabdan-Zanluqui N, Schroeder J, Christo SN, Schienstock D, Lai J, Burn TN, Clatch A, House IG, Beavis P, Kallies A, Ginhoux F, Mueller SN, Gottardo R, Newell EW, Mackay LK. Single-cell protein expression profiling resolves circulating and resident memory T cell diversity across tissues and infection contexts. Immunity 2023:S1074-7613(23)00262-5. [PMID: 37392736 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells can be broadly divided into circulating (TCIRCM) and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) populations. Despite well-defined migratory and transcriptional differences, the phenotypic and functional delineation of TCIRCM and TRM cells, particularly across tissues, remains elusive. Here, we utilized an antibody screening platform and machine learning prediction pipeline (InfinityFlow) to profile >200 proteins in TCIRCM and TRM cells in solid organs and barrier locations. High-dimensional analyses revealed unappreciated heterogeneity within TCIRCM and TRM cell lineages across nine different organs after either local or systemic murine infection models. Additionally, we demonstrated the relative effectiveness of strategies allowing for the selective ablation of TCIRCM or TRM populations across organs and identified CD55, KLRG1, CXCR6, and CD38 as stable markers for characterizing memory T cell function during inflammation. Together, these data and analytical framework provide an in-depth resource for memory T cell classification in both steady-state and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Evrard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Etienne Becht
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Raissa Fonseca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Obers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nagela Ghabdan-Zanluqui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jan Schroeder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Susan N Christo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dominik Schienstock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Junyun Lai
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas N Burn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Allison Clatch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Imran G House
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Beavis
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Vaud and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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10
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Haghshenas MR, Ghaderi H, Daneste H, Ghaderi A. Immunological and biological dissection of normal and tumoral salivary glands. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 42:139-155. [PMID: 34378486 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1958806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands naturally play central roles in oral immunity. The salivary glands microenvironment inevitable may be exposed to exogenous factors consequently triggering the initiation and formation of various malignant and benign tumors. Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited into salivary gland microenvironment, interact with tumor cells, and induce inhibitory cytokines as well as cells with immunosuppressive phenotypes such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The immune components and tumor immune responses in malignant and benign SGTs are still under investigation. Immune responses may directly play a limiting role in tumor growth and expansion, or may participate in formation of a rich milieu for tumor growth in cooperation with other cellular and regulatory molecules. Immune checkpoint molecules (e.g. PDLs, HLA-G and LAG3) are frequently expressed on tumor cells and/or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in salivary gland microenvironment, and an increase in their expression is associated with T cell exhaustion, immune tolerance and tumor immune escape. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have influential roles on aggressive behaviors of SGTs, and thereby they could be candidate targets for cancer immunotherapy. To present a broad knowledge on salivary glands, this review first provides a brief description on immunological functions of normal salivary glands, and then describe the SGT's tumor microenvironment, by focusing on mesenchymal stem cells, immune cell subsets, immune checkpoint molecules, chemokines and chemokine receptors, and finally introduces immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Daneste
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Pracht K, Wittner J, Kagerer F, Jäck HM, Schuh W. The intestine: A highly dynamic microenvironment for IgA plasma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114348. [PMID: 36875083 PMCID: PMC9977823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve longevity, IgA plasma cells require a sophisticated anatomical microenvironment that provides cytokines, cell-cell contacts, and nutrients as well as metabolites. The intestinal epithelium harbors cells with distinct functions and represents an important defense line. Anti-microbial peptide-producing paneth cells, mucus-secreting goblet cells and antigen-transporting microfold (M) cells cooperate to build a protective barrier against pathogens. In addition, intestinal epithelial cells are instrumental in the transcytosis of IgA to the gut lumen, and support plasma cell survival by producing the cytokines APRIL and BAFF. Moreover, nutrients are sensed through specialized receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by both, intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. However, the intestinal epithelium is highly dynamic with a high cellular turn-over rate and exposure to changing microbiota and nutritional factors. In this review, we discuss the spatial interplay of the intestinal epithelium with plasma cells and its potential contribution to IgA plasma cell generation, homing, and longevity. Moreover, we describe the impact of nutritional AhR ligands on intestinal epithelial cell-IgA plasma cell interaction. Finally, we introduce spatial transcriptomics as a new technology to address open questions in intestinal IgA plasma cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fritz Kagerer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Zeng W, Zhou X, Yu S, Liu R, Quek CWN, Yu H, Tay RYK, Lin X, Feng Y. The Future of Targeted Treatment of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Focus on Extra-Glandular Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214135. [PMID: 36430611 PMCID: PMC9694487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease defined by exocrine gland hypofunction resulting in dry eyes and dry mouth. Despite increasing interest in biological therapies for pSS, achieving FDA-approval has been challenging due to numerous complications in the trials. The current literature lacks insight into a molecular-target-based approach to the development of biological therapies. This review focuses on novel research in newly defined drug targets and the latest clinical trials for pSS treatment. A literature search was conducted on ClinicalTrials.gov using the search term "Primary Sjögren's syndrome". Articles published in English between 2000 and 2021 were included. Our findings revealed potential targets for pSS treatment in clinical trials and the most recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of pSS. A prominent gap in current trials is in overlooking the treatment of extraglandular symptoms such as fatigue, depression, and anxiety, which are present in most patients with pSS. Based on dryness and these symptom-directed therapies, emerging biological agents targeting inflammatory cytokines, signal pathways, and immune reaction have been studied and their efficacy and safety have been proven. Novel therapies may complement existing non-pharmacological methods of alleviating symptoms of pSS. Better grading systems that add extraglandular symptoms to gauge disease activity and severity should be created. The future of pSS therapies may lie in gene, stem-cell, and tissue-engineering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100053, China
| | - Sulan Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100053, China
| | - Chrystie Wan Ning Quek
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Haozhe Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ryan Yong Kiat Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.F.)
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13
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Li G, Srinivasan S, Wang L, Ma C, Guo K, Xiao W, Liao W, Mishra S, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Lu Q, Liu Y, Zhang N. TGF-β-dependent lymphoid tissue residency of stem-like T cells limits response to tumor vaccine. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6043. [PMID: 36229613 PMCID: PMC9562983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling is necessary for CD8+ T cell differentiation into tissue resident memory T cells (TRM). Although higher frequency of CD8+ TRM cells in the tumor microenvironment is associated with better prognosis, TGF-β-blockade typically improves rather than worsens outcomes. Here we show that in a mouse melanoma model, in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) rather than in the tumors themselves, stem-like CD8+ T cells differentiate into TRMs in a TGF-β and tumor antigen dependent manner. Following vaccination against a melanoma-specific epitope, most tumour-specific CD8+ T cells are maintained in a stem-like state, but a proportion of cells lost TRM status and differentiate into CX3CR1+ effector CD8+ T cells in the TDLN, which are subsequently migrating into the tumours. Disruption of TGF-β signaling changes the dynamics of these developmental processes, with the net result of improving effector CD8+ T cell migration into the tumours. In summary, TDLN stem-like T cells transiently switch from a TGF-β-dependent TRM differentiation program to an anti-tumor migratory effector development upon vaccination, which transition can be facilitated by targeted TGF-β blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Saranya Srinivasan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Wenhao Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hospital for Skin Diseases (Institute of Dermatology), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Laryngopharyngeal and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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14
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Biodistribution of a Mitochondrial Metabolic Tracer, [ 18F]F-AraG, in Healthy Volunteers. Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:3667417. [PMID: 36072652 PMCID: PMC9400547 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3667417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose [18F]F-AraG is a radiolabeled nucleoside analog that shows relative specificity for activated T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodistribution of [18F]F-AraG in healthy volunteers and assess the preliminary safety and radiation dosimetry. Methods Six healthy subjects (three female and three male) between the ages of 24 and 60 participated in the study. Each subject received a bolus venous injection of [18F]F-AraG (dose range: 244.2-329.3 MBq) prior to four consecutive PET/MR whole-body scans. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals and vital signs monitored before and after tracer administration. Regions of interest were delineated for multiple organs, and the area under the time-activity curves was calculated for each organ and used to derive time-integrated activity coefficient (TIAC). TIACs were input for absorbed dose and effective dose calculations using OLINDA. Results PET/MR examination was well tolerated, and no adverse effects to the administration of [18F]F-AraG were noted by the study participants. The biodistribution was generally reflective of the expression and activity profiles of the enzymes involved in [18F]F-AraG's cellular accumulation, mitochondrial kinase dGK, and SAMHD1. The highest uptake was observed in the kidneys and liver, while the brain, lung, bone marrow, and muscle showed low tracer uptake. The estimated effective dose for [18F]F-AraG was 0.0162 mSv/MBq (0.0167 mSv/MBq for females and 0.0157 mSv/MBq for males). Conclusion Biodistribution of [18F]F-AraG in healthy volunteers was consistent with its association with mitochondrial metabolism. PET/MR [18F]F-AraG imaging was well tolerated, with a radiation dosimetry profile similar to other commonly used [18F]-labeled tracers. [18F]F-AraG's connection with mitochondrial biogenesis and favorable biodistribution characteristics make it an attractive tracer with a variety of potential applications.
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15
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Zangger N, Oxenius A. T cell immunity to cytomegalovirus infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells possess unique transcriptional, epigenetic and functional adaptations to different tissue environments. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1121-1131. [PMID: 35761084 PMCID: PMC10041538 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) provide protective immunity, but the contributions of specific tissue environments to TRM cell differentiation and homeostasis are not well understood. In the present study, the diversity of gene expression and genome accessibility by mouse CD8+ TRM cells from distinct organs that responded to viral infection revealed both shared and tissue-specific transcriptional and epigenetic signatures. TRM cells in the intestine and salivary glands expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced genes and were maintained by ongoing TGF-β signaling, whereas those in the fat, kidney and liver were not. Constructing transcriptional-regulatory networks identified the transcriptional repressor Hic1 as a critical regulator of TRM cell differentiation in the small intestine and showed that Hic1 overexpression enhanced TRM cell differentiation and protection from infection. Provision of a framework for understanding how CD8+ TRM cells adapt to distinct tissue environments, and identification of tissue-specific transcriptional regulators mediating these adaptations, inform strategies to boost protective memory responses at sites most vulnerable to infection.
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17
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Abdeljaoued S, Arfa S, Kroemer M, Ben Khelil M, Vienot A, Heyd B, Loyon R, Doussot A, Borg C. Tissue-resident memory T cells in gastrointestinal cancer immunology and immunotherapy: ready for prime time? J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003472. [PMID: 35470231 PMCID: PMC9039405 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have emerged as immune sentinels that patrol the tissue microenvironment and orchestrate localized antitumor immunity in various solid cancers. Recent studies have revealed that TRM cells are key players in cancer immunosurveillance, and their involvement has been linked to favorable responses to immunotherapy as well as general better clinical outcome in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances and recent findings regarding TRM cells phenotype, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in cancer with a special focus on gastrointestinal tumors. Finally, we highlight the exciting clinical implication of TRM cells in these types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Abdeljaoued
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France .,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France
| | - Sara Arfa
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marie Kroemer
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France.,Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Myriam Ben Khelil
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France
| | - Angélique Vienot
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Heyd
- Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Romain Loyon
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Doussot
- Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Besançon, France.,Clinical Investigational Center, CIC-1431, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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18
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Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary Gland Function, Development and Regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels; the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis and regeneration and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martinez Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Philip Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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Konjar Š, Ficht X, Iannacone M, Veldhoen M. Heterogeneity of Tissue Resident Memory T cells. Immunol Lett 2022; 245:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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CD4 T Cell-Mediated Immune Control of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Murine Salivary Glands. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121531. [PMID: 34959486 PMCID: PMC8704252 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells are well known for their supportive role in CD8 T cell and B cell responses during viral infection. However, during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in the salivary glands (SGs), CD4 T cells exhibit direct antiviral effector functions to control the infection. In this mucosal organ, opposed to other infected tissues, MCMV establishes a sustained lytic replication that lasts for several weeks. While the protective function of CD4 T cells is exerted through the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), the reasons for their markedly delayed control of lytic MCMV infection remain elusive. Here, we review the current knowledge on the dynamics and mechanisms of the CD4 T cell-mediated control of MCMV-infected SGs, including their localization in the SG in relation to MCMV infected cells and other immune cells, their mode of action, and their regulation.
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21
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Yang XX, Yang C, Wang L, Zhou YB, Yuan X, Xiang N, Wang YP, Li XM. Molecular Mechanism of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Regulating CD4 + Tissue Memory in situ T Cells in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6177-6188. [PMID: 34611431 PMCID: PMC8485922 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s327304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although extensive research has been carried out on CD4+T cells infiltrating the labial glands in patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS), it is still unclear how CD4+T cells remain in the labial gland tissue and develop into tissue resident cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which CD4+T reside in labial glandular tissue of pSS patients. Methods Lymphocyte infiltration in labial salivary glands (LSG) of pSS patients was detected by H&E staining. Expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) in LSG was examined by Immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence analyses were utilized to detect the co-expression of CD4, CD69 and S1PR1 in T cells of LSG of pSS patients. Expression of gene S1pr1 in peripheral blood CD4+T cells of healthy controls and pSS patients was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR). QPCR was used to examine the expression of gene S1pr1, Klf2, and Cd69 in the CD4+T cells that were co-cultured in vitro with cytokines TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-33. Results S1PR1 was expressed in the infiltrating monocytes in LSG of pSS patients, and S1PR1 was weakly or even not expressed in cytoplasm of CD4+CD69+TRM cells of LSG in patients with pSS. Expression of gene S1pr1 in peripheral blood CD4+T cells of pSS patients was about three-fifths of that of healthy controls (P < 0.05). Expression of genes S1pr1 (P < 0.001) and Klf-2 (P < 0.001) was significantly decreased, and the expression of gene Cd69 (P < 0.05) was significantly increased in peripheral blood CD4+T cells of pSS patients co-cultured in vitro with cytokines TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-33. Conclusion Our study suggests that the decrease of S1pr1 gene expression may provide a molecular basis for promoting the tissue retention and development of CD4+CD69+TRM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bo Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sdyney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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22
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Park SL, Mackay LK. Decoding Tissue-Residency: Programming and Potential of Frontline Memory T Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a037960. [PMID: 33753406 PMCID: PMC8485744 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory T-cell responses are partitioned between the blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and nonlymphoid tissues. Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are a population of immune cells that remain permanently in tissues without recirculating in blood. These nonrecirculating cells serve as a principal node in the anamnestic response to invading pathogens and developing malignancies. Here, we contemplate how T-cell tissue residency is defined and shapes protective immunity in the steady state and in the context of disease. We review the properties and heterogeneity of Trm cells, highlight the critical roles these cells play in maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliciting immune pathology, and explore how they might be exploited to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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23
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease marked by xerostomia (dry mouth), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (eye dryness), and other systematic disorders. Its pathogenesis involves an inflammatory process that is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into exocrine glands and other tissues. Although the development of ectopic lymphoid tissue and overproduction of autoantibodies by hyperactive B cells suggest that they may promote SjS development, treatment directed towards them fails to induce significant laboratory or clinical improvement. T cells are overwhelming infiltrators in most phases of the disease, and the involvement of multiple T cell subsets of suggests the extraordinary complexity of SjS pathogenesis. The factors, including various cellular subtypes and molecules, regulate the activation and suppression of T cells. T cell activation induces inflammatory cell infiltration, B cell activation, tissue damage, and metabolic changes in SjS. Knowledge of the pathways that link these T cell subtypes and regulation of their activities are not completely understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress and our understanding of T cells in SjS, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ TRM cells, and innate T cells, to provide insights into for clinical treatment.
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24
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Yang K, Kallies A. Tissue-specific differentiation of CD8 + resident memory T cells. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:876-890. [PMID: 34531111 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells play crucial roles in defense against infections and cancer and have been implicated in autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. In mice and humans, they exist in all nonlymphoid organs and share key characteristics across all tissues, including downregulation of tissue egress and lymph node homing pathways. However, recent studies demonstrate considerable heterogeneity across TRM cells lodged in different tissues - linked to the activity of tissue-specific molecules, including chemokines, cytokines, and transcription factors. Current work indicates that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a major role in generating TRM heterogeneity at phenotypic and functional levels. Here, we review common and unique features of TRM cells in different tissues and discuss putative strategies aimed at harnessing TRM cells for site-specific protection against infectious and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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25
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Reilly EC, Sportiello M, Emo KL, Amitrano AM, Jha R, Kumar ABR, Laniewski NG, Yang H, Kim M, Topham DJ. CD49a Identifies Polyfunctional Memory CD8 T Cell Subsets that Persist in the Lungs After Influenza Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:728669. [PMID: 34566986 PMCID: PMC8462271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cell memory offers critical antiviral protection, even in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. The paradigm is that CD8 T cell memory within the lung tissue consists of a mix of circulating TEM cells and non-circulating TRM cells. However, based on our analysis, the heterogeneity within the tissue is much higher, identifying TCM, TEM, TRM, and a multitude of populations which do not perfectly fit these classifications. Further interrogation of the populations shows that TRM cells that express CD49a, both with and without CD103, have increased and diverse effector potential compared with CD49a negative populations. These populations function as a one-man band, displaying antiviral activity, chemokine production, release of GM-CSF, and the ability to kill specific targets in vitro with delayed kinetics compared with effector CD8 T cells. Together, this study establishes that CD49a defines multiple polyfunctional CD8 memory subsets after clearance of influenza infection, which act to eliminate virus in the absence of direct killing, recruit and mature innate immune cells, and destroy infected cells if the virus persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Reilly
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Mike Sportiello
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kris Lambert Emo
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Andrea M. Amitrano
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rakshanda Jha
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ashwin B. R. Kumar
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Nathan G. Laniewski
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - David J. Topham
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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26
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Son YM, Sun J. Co-Ordination of Mucosal B Cell and CD8 T Cell Memory by Tissue-Resident CD4 Helper T Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092355. [PMID: 34572004 PMCID: PMC8471972 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive cellular immunity plays a major role in clearing microbial invasion of mucosal tissues in mammals. Following the clearance of primary pathogens, memory lymphocytes are established both systemically and locally at pathogen entry sites. Recently, resident memory CD8 T and B cells (TRM and BRM respectively), which are parked mainly in non-lymphoid mucosal tissues, were characterized and demonstrated to be essential for protection against secondary microbial invasion. Here we reviewed the current understanding of the cellular and molecular cues regulating CD8 TRM and BRM development, maintenance and function. We focused particularly on elucidating the role of a novel tissue-resident helper T (TRH) cell population in assisting TRM and BRM responses in the respiratory mucosa following viral infection. Finally, we argue that the promotion of TRH responses by future mucosal vaccines would be key to the development of successful universal influenza or coronavirus vaccines, providing long-lasting immunity against a broad spectrum of viral strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Son
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Correspondence: or
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27
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Discrete tissue microenvironments instruct diversity in resident memory T cell function and plasticity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1140-1151. [PMID: 34426691 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are non-recirculating cells that exist throughout the body. Although TRM cells in various organs rely on common transcriptional networks to establish tissue residency, location-specific factors adapt these cells to their tissue of lodgment. Here we analyze TRM cell heterogeneity between organs and find that the different environments in which these cells differentiate dictate TRM cell function, durability and malleability. We find that unequal responsiveness to TGFβ is a major driver of this diversity. Notably, dampened TGFβ signaling results in CD103- TRM cells with increased proliferative potential, enhanced function and reduced longevity compared with their TGFβ-responsive CD103+ TRM counterparts. Furthermore, whereas CD103- TRM cells readily modified their phenotype upon relocation, CD103+ TRM cells were comparatively resistant to transdifferentiation. Thus, despite common requirements for TRM cell development, tissue adaptation of these cells confers discrete functional properties such that TRM cells exist along a spectrum of differentiation potential that is governed by their local tissue microenvironment.
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28
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Smith CJ, Snyder CM. Inhibitory Molecules PD-1, CD73 and CD39 Are Expressed by CD8 + T Cells in a Tissue-Dependent Manner and Can Inhibit T Cell Responses to Stimulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704862. [PMID: 34335618 PMCID: PMC8320728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland is an important tissue for persistence and transmission of multiple viruses. Previous work showed that salivary gland tissue-resident CD8+ T cells elicited by viruses were poorly functional ex vivo. Using a model of persistent murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection, we now show that CD8+ T cells in the salivary gland and other non-lymphoid tissues of mice express multiple molecules associated with T cell exhaustion including PD-1, CD73 and CD39. Strikingly however, these molecules were expressed independently of virus or antigen. Rather, PD-1-expressing T cells remained PD-1+ after migration into tissues regardless of infection, while CD73 was activated on CD8+ T cells by TGF-β signaling. Blockade of PD-L1, but not CD73, improved cytokine production by salivary gland T cells ex vivo and increased the expression of granzyme B after stimulation within the salivary gland. Nevertheless, salivary-gland localized CD8+ T cells could kill PD-L1-expressing targets in vivo, albeit with modest efficiency, and this was not improved by PD-L1 blockade. Moreover, the impact of PD-L1 blockade on granzyme B expression waned with time. In contrast, the function of kidney-localized T cells was improved by CD73 blockade, but was unaffected by PD-L1 blockade. These data show that tissue localization per se is associated with expression of inhibitory molecules that can impact T cell function, but that the functional impact of this expression is context- and tissue-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne J Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher M Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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29
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Chan B, Arapović M, Masters LL, Rwandamuiye F, Jonjić S, Smith LM, Redwood AJ. The m15 Locus of Murine Cytomegalovirus Modulates Natural Killer Cell Responses to Promote Dissemination to the Salivary Glands and Viral Shedding. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070866. [PMID: 34358016 PMCID: PMC8308470 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the largest herpesviruses, the 230 kb genomes of cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) have increased our understanding of host immunity and viral escape mechanisms, although many of the annotated genes remain as yet uncharacterised. Here we identify the m15 locus of murine CMV (MCMV) as a viral modulator of natural killer (NK) cell immunity. We show that, rather than discrete transcripts from the m14, m15 and m16 genes as annotated, there are five 3′-coterminal transcripts expressed over this region, all utilising a consensus polyA tail at the end of the m16 gene. Functional inactivation of any one of these genes had no measurable impact on viral replication. However, disruption of all five transcripts led to significantly attenuated dissemination to, and replication in, the salivary glands of multiple strains of mice, but normal growth during acute infection. Disruption of the m15 locus was associated with heightened NK cell responses, including enhanced proliferation and IFNγ production. Depletion of NK cells, but not T cells, rescued salivary gland replication and viral shedding. These data demonstrate the identification of multiple transcripts expressed by a single locus which modulate, perhaps in a concerted fashion, the function of anti-viral NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baca Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (B.C.); (L.L.M.); (F.R.); (L.M.S.)
- Institute of Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Maja Arapović
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.A.); (S.J.)
| | - Laura L. Masters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (B.C.); (L.L.M.); (F.R.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Francois Rwandamuiye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (B.C.); (L.L.M.); (F.R.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.A.); (S.J.)
| | - Lee M. Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (B.C.); (L.L.M.); (F.R.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Alec J. Redwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (B.C.); (L.L.M.); (F.R.); (L.M.S.)
- Institute of Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-6151-0895
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30
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Landscape of Exhausted Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells in Chronic LCMV Infection. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108078. [PMID: 32846135 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of chronic infections is the presence of exhausted CD8 T cells, characterized by a distinct transcriptional program compared with functional effector or memory cells, co-expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, and impaired effector function, mainly driven by recurrent T cell receptor engagement. In the context of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice, most studies focused on studying splenic virus-specific CD8 T cells. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of exhausted CD8 T cells isolated from six different tissues during established LCMV infection, using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our data reveal that exhausted cells are heterogeneous, adopt organ-specific transcriptomic profiles, and can be divided into five main functional subpopulations: advanced exhaustion, effector-like, intermediate, proliferating, or memory-like. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that these phenotypes are plastic, suggesting that the tissue microenvironment has a major impact in shaping the phenotype and function of virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic infection.
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31
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Welten SPM, Oderbolz J, Yilmaz V, Bidgood SR, Gould V, Mercer J, Spörri R, Oxenius A. Influenza- and MCMV-induced memory CD8 T cells control respiratory vaccinia virus infection despite residence in distinct anatomical niches. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:728-742. [PMID: 33479479 PMCID: PMC8075924 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Induction of memory CD8 T cells residing in peripheral tissues is of interest for T cell-based vaccines as these cells are located at mucosal and barrier sites and can immediately exert effector functions, thus providing protection in case of local pathogen encounter. Different memory CD8 T cell subsets patrol peripheral tissues, but it is unclear which subset is superior in providing protection upon secondary infections. We used influenza virus to induce predominantly tissue resident memory T cells or cytomegalovirus to elicit a large pool of effector-like memory cells in the lungs and determined their early protective capacity and mechanism of reactivation. Both memory CD8 T cell pools have unique characteristics with respect to their phenotype, localization, and maintenance. However, these distinct features do not translate into different capacities to control a respiratory vaccinia virus challenge in an antigen-specific manner, although differential activation mechanisms are utilized. While influenza-induced memory CD8 T cells respond to antigen by local proliferation, MCMV-induced memory CD8 T cells relocate from the vasculature into the tissue in an antigen-independent and partially chemokine-driven manner. Together these results bear relevance for the development of vaccines aimed at eliciting a protective memory CD8 T cell pool at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne P M Welten
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Josua Oderbolz
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vural Yilmaz
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanna R Bidgood
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Victoria Gould
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jason Mercer
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roman Spörri
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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32
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van Gisbergen KPJM, Zens KD, Münz C. T-cell memory in tissues. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1310-1324. [PMID: 33837521 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory equips our immune system to respond faster and more effectively against reinfections. This acquired immunity was originally attributed to long-lived, memory T and B cells with body wide access to peripheral and secondary lymphoid tissues. In recent years, it has been realized that both innate and adaptive immunity to a large degree depends on resident immune cells that act locally in barrier tissues including tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm). Here, we will discuss the phenotype of these Trm in mice and humans, the tissues and niches that support them, and their function, plasticity, and transcriptional control. Their unique properties enable Trm to achieve long-lived immunological memory that can be deposited in nearly every organ in response to acute and persistent infection, and in response to cancer. However, Trm may also induce substantial immunopathology in allergic and autoimmune disease if their actions remain unchecked. Therefore, inhibitory and activating stimuli appear to balance the actions of Trm to ensure rapid proinflammatory responses upon infection and to prevent damage to host tissues under steady state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kyra D Zens
- Viral Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Qiu Z, Chu TH, Sheridan BS. TGF-β: Many Paths to CD103 + CD8 T Cell Residency. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050989. [PMID: 33922441 PMCID: PMC8145941 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells primarily reside in nonlymphoid tissues without recirculating and provide front-line protective immunity against infections and cancers. CD8 TRM cells can be generally divided into CD69+ CD103− TRM cells (referred to as CD103− TRM cells) and CD69+ CD103+ TRM cells (referred to as CD103+ TRM cells). TGF-β plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of CD103+ CD8 TRM cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of tissue-specific activation of TGF-β mediated by integrins and how it contributes to CD103+ CD8 TRM cell development and maintenance. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying mechanisms utilized by TGF-β to regulate the development and maintenance of CD103+ CD8 TRM cells. Overall, this review highlights the importance of TGF-β in regulating this unique subset of memory CD8 T cells that may shed light on improving vaccine design to target this population.
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Shannon MJ, Mace EM. Natural Killer Cell Integrins and Their Functions in Tissue Residency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647358. [PMID: 33777044 PMCID: PMC7987804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors associated with adhesion and migration and are often highly differentially expressed receptors amongst natural killer cell subsets in microenvironments. Tissue resident natural killer cells are frequently defined by their differential integrin expression compared to other NK cell subsets, and integrins can further localize tissue resident NK cells to tissue microenvironments. As such, integrins play important roles in both the phenotypic and functional identity of NK cell subsets. Here we review the expression of integrin subtypes on NK cells and NK cell subsets with the goal of better understanding how integrin selection can dictate tissue residency and mediate function from the nanoscale to the tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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35
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Kirchner FR, LeibundGut-Landmann S. Tissue-resident memory Th17 cells maintain stable fungal commensalism in the oral mucosa. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:455-467. [PMID: 32719409 PMCID: PMC7946631 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Keeping a stable equilibrium between the host and commensal microbes to which we are constantly exposed, poses a major challenge for the immune system. The host mechanisms that regulate homeostasis of the microbiota to prevent infection and inflammatory disorders are not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence that CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells act as central players in this process. Using a murine model of C. albicans commensalism we show that IL-17 producing CD69+CD103+CD4+ memory T cells persist in the colonized tissue long-term and independently of circulatory supplies. Consistent with the requirement of Th17 cells for limiting fungal growth, IL-17-producing TRM cells in the mucosa were sufficient to maintain prolonged colonization, while circulatory T cells were dispensable. Although TRM cells were first proposed to protect from pathogens causing recurrent acute infections, our results support a central function of TRM cells in the maintenance of commensalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian R Kirchner
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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36
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Middleton LYM, Dou J, Fisher J, Heiss JA, Nguyen VK, Just AC, Faul J, Ware EB, Mitchell C, Colacino JA, M Bakulski K. Saliva cell type DNA methylation reference panel for epidemiological studies in children. Epigenetics 2021; 17:161-177. [PMID: 33588693 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1890874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a widely used biological sample, especially in pediatric research, containing a heterogenous mixture of immune and epithelial cells. Associations of exposure or disease with saliva DNA methylation can be influenced by cell-type proportions. Here, we developed a saliva cell-type DNA methylation reference panel to estimate interindividual cell-type heterogeneity in whole saliva studies. Saliva was collected from 22 children (7-16 years) and sorted into immune and epithelial cells, using size exclusion filtration and magnetic bead sorting. DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We assessed cell-type differences in DNA methylation profiles and tested for enriched biological pathways. Immune and epithelial cells differed at 181,577 (22.8%) DNA methylation sites (t-test p < 6.28 × 10-8). Immune cell hypomethylated sites are mapped to genes enriched for immune pathways (p < 3.2 × 10-5). Epithelial cell hypomethylated sites were enriched for cornification (p = 5.2 × 10-4), a key process for hard palette formation. Saliva immune and epithelial cells have distinct DNA methylation profiles which can drive whole-saliva DNA methylation measures. A primary saliva DNA methylation reference panel, easily implemented with an R package, will allow estimates of cell proportions from whole saliva samples and improve epigenetic epidemiology studies by accounting for measurement heterogeneity by cell-type proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Y M Middleton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonah Fisher
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan A Heiss
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vy K Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin B Ware
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan.,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan.,Program in the Environment, College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, University of Michigan
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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37
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Stein JV, Ruef N, Wissmann S. Organ-Specific Surveillance and Long-Term Residency Strategies Adapted by Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626019. [PMID: 33659008 PMCID: PMC7917134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TRM) populate lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues after infections as first line of defense against re-emerging pathogens. To achieve host protection, CD8+ TRM have developed surveillance strategies that combine dynamic interrogation of pMHC complexes on local stromal and hematopoietic cells with long-term residency. Factors mediating CD8+ TRM residency include CD69, a surface receptor opposing the egress-promoting S1P1, CD49a, a collagen-binding integrin, and CD103, which binds E-cadherin on epithelial cells. Moreover, the topography of the tissues of residency may influence TRM retention and surveillance strategies. Here, we provide a brief summary of these factors to examine how CD8+ TRM reconcile constant migratory behavior with their long-term commitment to local microenvironments, with a focus on epithelial barrier organs and exocrine glands with mixed connective-epithelial tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Wissmann
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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38
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Paap EM, Müller TM, Sommer K, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Total Recall: Intestinal T RM Cells in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:623072. [PMID: 33542725 PMCID: PMC7851044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.623072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) have crucial functions in host defense in mucosal tissues. They provide local adaptive immune surveillance and allow the fast initiation of targeted adaptive immune responses in case of antigen re-exposure. Recently, an aberrant activation in the case of immunologically mediated diseases has been increasingly acknowledged. As the organ with the largest interface to the environment, the gastrointestinal tract faces billions of antigens every day. Tightly balanced processes are necessary to ensure tolerance towards non-hazardous antigens, but to set up a powerful immune response against potentially dangerous ones. In this complex nexus of immune cells and their mediators, TRM cells play a central role and have been shown to promote both physiological and pathological events. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the homeostatic functions of TRM cells and delineate their implication in infection control in the gut. Moreover, we will outline their commitment in immune dysregulation in gastrointestinal chronic inflammatory conditions and shed light on TRM cells as current and potential future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Paap
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja M Müller
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Sommer
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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39
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Liao W, Liu Y, Ma C, Wang L, Li G, Mishra S, Srinivasan S, Fan KKH, Wu H, Li Q, Zhao M, Liu X, Demel EL, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Lu Q, Zhang N. The downregulation of IL-18R defines bona fide kidney-resident CD8 + T cells. iScience 2021; 24:101975. [PMID: 33474536 PMCID: PMC7803637 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stepwise induction of CD69 and CD103 marks distinct differentiation stages of mucosal Trms. But the majority of non-mucosal Trm lacks CD103 expression. The expression of CD69 alone cannot faithfully define Trm cells in heavily vascularized non-mucosal tissues, such as the kidney. Here, we found that a subset of kidney Trms downregulated IL-18 receptor during differentiation. Via global transcriptional analysis and parabiosis experiments, we have discovered that the downregulation of interleukin-18 receptor (IL-18R) is associated with the establishment of tissue residency. Together with the expression of CD69, IL-18Rlo exclusively identify tissue-resident cells whereas IL-18Rhi population contains both tissue-resident and migratory ones. Local cytokines including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and interferon α (IFN-α)/β as well as TGF-β-dependent suppression of transcription factor Tcf-1 are essential for IL-18R downregulation during kidney Trm differentiation. Together, we identified a convenient surface marker to distinguish bona fide kidney-resident CD8+ T cells as well as underlying molecular mechanisms controlling this differentiation process. CD8+ Trm cells downregulate IL-18 receptor during differentiation IL-18Rhi population is composed of both migratory and resident subsets IL-18Rlo population is exclusively tissue-resident TGF-β promotes, whereas IFN-α/β inhibits, IL-18R downregulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Saranya Srinivasan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kenneth Ka-Ho Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Erika L Demel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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40
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Stolp B, Thelen F, Ficht X, Altenburger LM, Ruef N, Inavalli VVGK, Germann P, Page N, Moalli F, Raimondi A, Keyser KA, Seyed Jafari SM, Barone F, Dettmer MS, Merkler D, Iannacone M, Sharpe J, Schlapbach C, Fackler OT, Nägerl UV, Stein JV. Salivary gland macrophages and tissue-resident CD8 + T cells cooperate for homeostatic organ surveillance. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/46/eaaz4371. [PMID: 32245888 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that tissue macrophages and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) play important roles for pathogen sensing and rapid protection of barrier tissues. In contrast, the mechanisms by which these two cell types cooperate for homeostatic organ surveillance after clearance of infections is poorly understood. Here, we used intravital imaging to show that TRM dynamically followed tissue macrophage topology in noninflamed murine submandibular salivary glands (SMGs). Depletion of tissue macrophages interfered with SMG TRM motility and caused a reduction of interepithelial T cell crossing. In the absence of macrophages, SMG TRM failed to cluster in response to local inflammatory chemokines. A detailed analysis of the SMG microarchitecture uncovered discontinuous attachment of tissue macrophages to neighboring epithelial cells, with occasional macrophage protrusions bridging adjacent acini and ducts. When dissecting the molecular mechanisms that drive homeostatic SMG TRM motility, we found that these cells exhibit a wide range of migration modes: In addition to chemokine- and adhesion receptor-driven motility, resting SMG TRM displayed a remarkable capacity for autonomous motility in the absence of chemoattractants and adhesive ligands. Autonomous SMG TRM motility was mediated by friction and insertion of protrusions into gaps offered by the surrounding microenvironment. In sum, SMG TRM display a unique continuum of migration modes, which are supported in vivo by tissue macrophages to allow homeostatic patrolling of the complex SMG architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Stolp
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Flavian Thelen
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas M Altenburger
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - V V G Krishna Inavalli
- University of Bordeaux, 33700 Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philipp Germann
- EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Kirsten A Keyser
- Institute for Virology, OE5230, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Morteza Seyed Jafari
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Barone
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - James Sharpe
- EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Schlapbach
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- University of Bordeaux, 33700 Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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41
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van der Gracht ET, Schoonderwoerd MJ, van Duikeren S, Yilmaz AN, Behr FM, Colston JM, Lee LN, Yagita H, van Gisbergen KP, Hawinkels LJ, Koning F, Klenerman P, Arens R. Adenoviral vaccines promote protective tissue-resident memory T cell populations against cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e001133. [PMID: 33293355 PMCID: PMC7725098 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoviral vectors emerged as important platforms for cancer immunotherapy. Vaccination with adenoviral vectors is promising in this respect, however, their specific mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Here, we assessed the development and maintenance of vaccine-induced tumor-specific CD8+ T cells elicited upon immunization with adenoviral vectors. METHODS Adenoviral vaccine vectors encoding the full-length E7 protein from human papilloma virus (HPV) or the immunodominant epitope from E7 were generated, and mice were immunized intravenously with different quantities (107, 108 or 109 infectious units). The magnitude, kinetics and tumor protection capacity of the induced vaccine-specific T cell responses were evaluated. RESULTS The adenoviral vaccines elicited inflationary E7-specific memory CD8+ T cell responses in a dose-dependent manner. The magnitude of these vaccine-specific CD8+ T cells in the circulation related to the development of E7-specific CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, which were maintained for months in multiple tissues after vaccination. The vaccine-specific CD8+ T cell responses conferred long-term protection against HPV-induced carcinomas in the skin and liver, and this protection required the induction and accumulation of CD8+ TRM cells. Moreover, the formation of CD8+ TRM cells could be enhanced by temporal targeting CD80/CD86 costimulatory interactions via CTLA-4 blockade early after immunization. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data show that adenoviral vector-induced CD8+ T cell inflation promotes protective TRM cell populations, and this can be enhanced by targeting CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Ja Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Gasteroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Duikeren
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse N Yilmaz
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia M Colston
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lian N Lee
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Klaas Pjm van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Jac Hawinkels
- Department of Gasteroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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42
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Resident Memory T Cells and Their Role within the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228565. [PMID: 33202970 PMCID: PMC7696659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is fundamental to maintain immunity against re-invading pathogens. It is the basis for prolonged protection induced by vaccines and can be mediated by humoral or cellular responses-the latter largely mediated by T cells. Memory T cells belong to different subsets with specialized functions and distributions within the body. They can be broadly separated into circulating memory cells, which pace the entire body through the lymphatics and blood, and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, which are constrained to peripheral tissues. Retained in the tissues where they form, TRM cells provide a frontline defense against reinfection. Here, we review this population of cells with specific attention to the liver, where TRM cells have been found to protect against infections, in particular those by Plasmodium species that cause malaria.
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43
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Guo B, Xu P, Chai D, Cao L, Liu L, Song T, Hu S, Chen Y, Yan X, Xu T. gB co-immunization with GP96 enhances pulmonary-resident CD8 T cells and exerts a long-term defence against MCMV pneumonitis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14426-14440. [PMID: 33155438 PMCID: PMC7754068 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in the respiratory tract leads to pneumonitis in immunocompromised hosts without available vaccine. Considering cytomegalovirus (CMV) mainly invades through the respiratory tract, CMV-specific pulmonary mucosal vaccine development that provides a long-lasting protection against CMV challenge gains our attention. In this study, N-terminal domain of GP96 (GP96-NT) was used as a mucosal adjuvant to enhance the induction of pulmonary-resident CD8 T cells elicited by MCMV glycoprotein B (gB) vaccine. Mice were intranasally co-immunized with 50 μg pgB and equal amount of pGP96-NT vaccine 4 times at 2-week intervals, and then i.n. challenged with MCMV at 16 weeks after the last immunization. Compared with pgB immunization alone, co-immunization with pgB/pGP96-NT enhanced a long-lasting protection against MCMV pneumonitis by significantly improved pneumonitis pathology, enhanced bodyweight, reduced viral burdens and increased survival rate. Moreover, the increased CD8 T cells were observed in lung but not spleen from pgB/pGP96-NT co-immunized mice. The increments of pulmonary CD8 T cells might be mainly due to non-circulating pulmonary-resident CD8 T-cell subset expansion but not circulating CD8 T-cell populations that home to inflammation site upon MCMV challenge. Finally, the deterioration of MCMV pneumonitis by depletion of pulmonary site-specific CD8 T cells in mice that were pgB/pGP96-NT co-immunization might be a clue to interpret the non-circulating pulmonary-resident CD8 T subset expansion. These data might uncover a promising long-lasting prophylactic vaccine strategy against MCMV-induced pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Guo
- Jiangsu Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peifeng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Song
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuqun Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xianliang Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tie Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Emergency, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, China
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44
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Parga-Vidal L, van Gisbergen KPJM. Area under Immunosurveillance: Dedicated Roles of Memory CD8 T-Cell Subsets. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037796. [PMID: 32839203 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory, defined as the ability to respond in an enhanced manner upon secondary encounter with the same pathogen, can provide substantial protection against infectious disease. The improved protection is mediated in part by different populations of memory CD8 T cells that are retained after primary infection. Memory cells persist in the absence of pathogen-derived antigens and enable secondary CD8 T-cell responses with accelerated kinetics and of larger magnitude after reencounter with the same pathogen. At least three subsets of memory T cells have been defined that are referred to as central memory CD8 T cells (Tcm), effector memory CD8 T cells (Tem), and tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (Trm). Tcm and Tem are circulating memory T cells that mediate bodywide immune surveillance in search of invading pathogens. In contrast, Trm permanently reside in peripheral barrier tissues, where they form a stationary defensive line of sentinels that alert the immune system upon pathogen reencounter. The characterization of these different subsets has been instrumental in our understanding of the strategies that memory T cells employ to counter invading pathogens. It is clear that memory T cells not only have a numerical advantage over naive T cells resulting in improved protection in secondary responses, but also acquire distinct sets of competencies that assist in pathogen clearance. Nevertheless, inherent challenges are associated with the allocation of memory T cells to a limited number of subsets. The classification of memory T cells into Tcm, Tem, and Trm may not take into account the full extent of the heterogeneity that is observed in the memory population. Therefore, in this review, we will revisit the current classification of memory subsets, elaborate on functional and migratory properties attributed to Tcm, Tem, and Trm, and discuss how potential heterogeneity within these populations arises and persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Paik DH, Farber DL. Anti-viral protective capacity of tissue resident memory T cells. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 46:20-26. [PMID: 33130326 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that a subset of T cells which persist at diverse infection sites, known as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), can mediate efficacious protective immunity against many types of viral infections. Recent studies have elucidated the mechanisms by which TRM coordinate enhanced viral clearance in different sites through rapid production of effector cytokines and cytolytic mediators, in situ expansion, differentiation to circulating effector cells, and immune cell recruitment. This tissue-localized response also includes enhancement at the local lymphoid sites which contribute to fortifying TRM-mediated protection. Understanding how these responses occur in a tissue-wide context will provide key insights for development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Paik
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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46
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Takamura S. Divergence of Tissue-Memory T Cells: Distribution and Function-Based Classification. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037762. [PMID: 32816841 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) comprise the majority of memory cells in nonlymphoid tissues and play a predominant role in immunity at barrier surfaces. A better understanding of Trm cell maintenance and function is essential for the development of vaccines that confer frontline protection. However, it is currently challenging to precisely distinguish Trm cells from other T cells, and this has led to confusion in the literature. Here we highlight gaps in our understanding of tissue memory and discuss recent advances in the classification of Trm cell subsets based on their distribution and functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Takamura
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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47
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Takamura S. Impact of multiple hits with cognate antigen on memory CD8+ T-cell fate. Int Immunol 2020; 32:571-581. [PMID: 32506114 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-driven activation of CD8+ T cells results in the development of a robust anti-pathogen response and ultimately leads to the establishment of long-lived memory T cells. During the primary response, CD8+ T cells interact multiple times with cognate antigen on distinct types of antigen-presenting cells. The timing, location and context of these antigen encounters significantly impact the differentiation programs initiated in the cells. Moderate re-activation in the periphery promotes the establishment of the tissue-resident memory T cells that serve as sentinels at the portal of pathogen entry. Under some circumstances, moderate re-activation of T cells in the periphery can result in the excessive expansion and accumulation of circulatory memory T cells, a process called memory inflation. In contrast, excessive re-activation stimuli generally impede conventional T-cell differentiation programs and can result in T-cell exhaustion. However, these conditions can also elicit a small population of exhausted T cells with a memory-like signature and self-renewal capability that are capable of responding to immunotherapy, and restoration of functional activity. Although it is clear that antigen re-encounter during the primary immune response has a significant impact on memory T-cell development, we still do not understand the molecular details that drive these fate decisions. Here, we review our understanding of how antigen encounters and re-activation events impact the array of memory CD8+ T-cell subsets subsequently generated. Identification of the molecular programs that drive memory T-cell generation will advance the development of new vaccine strategies that elicit high-quality CD8+ T-cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Takamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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48
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T Cell Immunity to Bacterial Pathogens: Mechanisms of Immune Control and Bacterial Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176144. [PMID: 32858901 PMCID: PMC7504484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body frequently encounters harmful bacterial pathogens and employs immune defense mechanisms designed to counteract such pathogenic assault. In the adaptive immune system, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted αβ T cells, along with unconventional αβ or γδ T cells, respond to bacterial antigens to orchestrate persisting protective immune responses and generate immunological memory. Research in the past ten years accelerated our knowledge of how T cells recognize bacterial antigens and how many bacterial species have evolved mechanisms to evade host antimicrobial immune responses. Such escape mechanisms act to corrupt the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity, potentially tipping the balance of host immune responses toward pathological rather than protective. This review examines the latest developments in our knowledge of how T cell immunity responds to bacterial pathogens and evaluates some of the mechanisms that pathogenic bacteria use to evade such T cell immunosurveillance, to promote virulence and survival in the host.
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49
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Woyciechowski S, Weißert K, Ammann S, Aichele P, Pircher H. NK1.1 + innate lymphoid cells in salivary glands inhibit establishment of tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1952-1958. [PMID: 32734619 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NK1.1+ cells found in salivary glands (SG) represent a unique cell population of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) with characteristics of both conventional NK cells and ILC1. Here, we demonstrate that these NK1.1+ cells limit the accumulation and differentiation of virus-specific tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM cells) in SG of mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The negative regulation of LCMV-specific CD8+ TRM cells by NK1.1+ cells in SG is independent of NKG2D, NKp46, TRAIL, and perforin. Moreover, analysis of NKp46iCre+ Eomesfl/fl mice revealed that Eomes-dependent conventional NK cells are dispensable for negative regulation. Since the SG are prone to autoimmune reactions, regulation of TRM cells by tissue-resident ILC may be particularly important to prevent immunopathology in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Woyciechowski
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Weißert
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Aichele
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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50
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Huang X, Liu L, Xu C, Peng X, Li D, Wang L, Du M. Tissue-resident CD8 + T memory cells with unique properties are present in human decidua during early pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13254. [PMID: 32329123 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Resident memory T (TRM ) cells reside in the uterus during pregnancy may play an important role in balancing maternal-fetal tolerance with anti-infectious immunity. Although CD8+ TRM and decidual CD8+ T cells have been extensively characterized, the properties of decidual CD8+ TRM (dTRM ) cells remain poorly defined. METHOD OF STUDY We investigated the heterogeneity, phenotypes, and functions of dTRM cells, and compared the proportion of dTRM cells between normal pregnancy and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) using flow cytometry. Moreover, we cocultured peripheral CD8+ T (CD8+ pT) cells with trophoblast, or decidual stomal cells (DSCs) in the presence or absence of anti-TGF-β antibody or TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor to explore the effects of maternal-fetal environment on decidual CD8+ TRM cell formation. RESULTS We found that CD69+ CD103+ TRM cells were abundant in CD8+ dT cells but not in CD4+ dT cells with effector-memory (EM, CD45RA- CCR7- ) phenotypes. The percentage of dTRM cells from RSA patients was significantly higher than that from normal pregnancy. Furthermore, dTRM cells showed increased expressions of chemokine receptors, T-cell exhaustion-related molecules, and produced more anti-inflammatory cytokines and effector cytokines upon stimulation. Moreover, DSCs produced a considerable level of TGF-β and upregulated CD103 expression on CD69+ CD8+ pT cells, which can be significantly reversed by blocking TGF-β receptor. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that TRM cells with unique properties are present in the decidua during human early pregnancy. They possess an enhanced capacity to produce effector cytokines and regulatory molecules, which might be important in the balance between maternal-fetal immune tolerance and the capacity to aggressively respond to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiandong Peng
- Shanghai Jiai Genetics & IVF Institute, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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