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Carniglia L, Turati J, Saba J, López Couselo F, Romero AC, Caruso C, Durand D, Lasaga M. Melanocortin-receptor 4 activation modulates proliferation and differentiation of rat postnatal hippocampal neural precursor cells. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110058. [PMID: 38960135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis is essential for learning and memory. Hippocampal neural precursor cells (NPCs) can be induced to proliferate and differentiate into either glial cells or dentate granule cells. Notably, hippocampal neurogenesis decreases dramatically with age, partly due to a reduction in the NPC pool and a decrease in their proliferative activity. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) improves learning, memory, neuronal survival and plasticity. Here, we used postnatally-isolated hippocampal NPCs from Wistar rat pups (male and female combined) to determine the role of the melanocortin analog [Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-MSH (NDP-MSH) in proliferation and fate acquisition of NPCs. Incubation of growth-factor deprived NPCs with 10 nM NDP-MSH for 6 days increased the proportion of Ki-67- and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells, compared to the control group, and these effects were blocked by the MC4R antagonist JKC-363. NDP-MSH also increased the proportion of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP)/Ki-67, GFAP/sex-determining region Y-box2 (SOX2) and neuroepithelial stem cell protein (NESTIN)/Ki-67-double positive cells (type-1 and type-2 precursors). Finally, NDP-MSH induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ protein expression, and co-incubation with the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662 prevented the effect of NDP-MSH on NPC proliferation and differentiation. Our results indicate that in vitro activation of MC4R in growth-factor-deprived postnatal hippocampal NPCs induces proliferation and promotes the relative expansion of the type-1 and type-2 NPC pool through a PPAR-γ-dependent mechanism. These results shed new light on the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of melanocortins in hippocampal plasticity and provide evidence linking the MC4R and PPAR-γ pathways in modulation of hippocampal NPC proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Carniglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, piso 10, CP 1121, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan Turati
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, piso 10, CP 1121, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Saba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, piso 10, CP 1121, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico López Couselo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, piso 10, CP 1121, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, piso 10, CP 1121, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Caruso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, piso 10, CP 1121, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Durand
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, piso 10, CP 1121, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, piso 10, CP 1121, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Cheng A, Wang J, Li J, Wang J, Xu M, Chen H, Zhang P. S-Nitrosylation of p39 promotes its degradation and contributes to synaptic dysfunction induced by β-amyloid peptide. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1113. [PMID: 39256547 PMCID: PMC11387606 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive decline, is increasingly recognized as a disorder marked by synaptic loss and dysfunction. Despite this understanding, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to synaptic impairment remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidate a previously undiscovered signaling pathway wherein the S-nitrosylation of the Cdk5 activator p39, a post-translational modification involving the addition of nitric oxide to protein cysteine residues, plays a crucial role in synaptic dysfunction associated with AD. Our investigation reveals heightened p39 S-nitrosylation in the brain of an amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mouse model of AD. Additionally, soluble amyloid-β oligomers (Aβ), implicated in synaptic loss in AD, induce p39 S-nitrosylation in cultured neurons. Notably, we uncover that p39 protein level is regulated by S-nitrosylation, with nitric oxide S-nitrosylating p39 at Cys265 and subsequently promoting its degradation. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that S-nitrosylation of p39 at Cys265 significantly contributes to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide-induced dendrite retraction and spine loss. Collectively, our findings highlight S-nitrosylation of p39 as a novel aberrant redox protein modification involved in the pathogenesis of AD, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobing Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mufan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Shuguang Lab for Future Health, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders(LEAD), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Doroszkiewicz J, Mroczko J, Winkel I, Mroczko B. Metabolic and Immune System Dysregulation: Unraveling the Connections between Alzheimer's Disease, Diabetes, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5057. [PMID: 39274269 PMCID: PMC11396443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetes mellitus (DM), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic conditions affecting millions globally. Despite differing clinical symptoms, these diseases share pathophysiological mechanisms involving metabolic and immune system dysregulation. This paper examines the intricate connections between these disorders, focusing on shared pathways such as insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysregulation, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. An important aspect is the role of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles, which are hallmark features of AD. These protein aggregates are influenced by metabolic dysfunction and inflammatory processes similar to those seen in DM, RA, and IBD. This manuscript explores how amyloid and tau pathologies may be exacerbated by shared metabolic and immune dysfunction. Additionally, this work discusses the gut-brain axis and the influence of gut microbiota in mediating disease interactions. Understanding these commonalities opens new avenues for multi-targeted therapeutic approaches that address the root causes rather than merely the symptoms of these conditions. This integrative perspective could lead to more effective interventions and improved patient outcomes, emphasizing the importance of a unified approach in managing these interconnected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Winkel
- Dementia Disorders Centre, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Scinawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Herrera G, Scimonelli T, Lasaga M, Granero G, Onnainty R. Polysorbate 80 coated chitosan nanoparticles for delivery of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog (NDP-MSH) to the brain reverse cognitive impairment related to neuroinflammation produced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Neuropharmacology 2024; 253:109969. [PMID: 38688422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop polysorbate 80-coated chitosan nanoparticles (PS80/CS NPs) as a delivery system for improved brain targeting of α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone analog (NDP-MSH). Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with NDP-MSH were surface-modified with polysorbate 80 ([NDP-MSH]-PS80/CS NP), which formed a flattened layer on their surface. Nanoparticle preparation involved ionic gelation, followed by characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology, dynamic light scattering (DLS) for colloidal properties, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for structure. Intraperitoneal injection of FITC-PS80/CS NPs and [NDP-MSH]-PS80/CS NP in rats demonstrated their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, reach the brain, and accumulate in CA1 neurons of the dorsal hippocampus within 2 h. Two experimental models of neuroinflammation were employed with Male Wistar rats: a short-term model involving high-fat diet (HFD) consumption for 5 days followed by an immune stimulus with LPS, and a long-term model involving HFD consumption for 8 weeks. In both models, [NDP-MSH]-PS80/CS NPs could reverse the decreased expression of contextual fear memory induced by the diets. These findings suggest that [NDP-MSH]-PS80/CS NPs offer a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of NDP-MSH regarding pharmacokinetics and enzymatic stability. By facilitating NDP-MSH delivery to the hippocampus, these nanoparticles can potentially mitigate the cognitive impairments associated with HFD consumption and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Herrera
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orshinger, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Teresa Scimonelli
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orshinger, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas INBIOMED UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gladys Granero
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), UNC-CONICET, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Renée Onnainty
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), UNC-CONICET, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Wang Y, Fang N, Wang Y, Geng Y, Li Y. Activating MC4R Promotes Functional Recovery by Repressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated AIM2 Activation Post-spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6101-6118. [PMID: 38277117 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological trauma that induces permanent sensory and motor impairment as well as a deficit in autonomic physiological function. Melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) is a G protein-linked receptor that is extensively expressed in the neural system and contributes to inhibiting inflammation, regulating mitochondrial function, and inducing programmed cell death. However, the effect of MC4R in the modulation of oxidative stress and whether this mechanism is related to the role of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in SCI are not confirmed yet. In the current study, we demonstrated that MC4R is significantly increased in the neurons of spinal cords after trauma and oxidative stimulation of cells. Further, activation of MC4R by RO27-3225 effectively improved functional recovery, inhibited AIM2 activation, maintained mitochondrial homeostasis, repressed oxidative stress, and prevented Drp1 translocation to the mitochondria. Meanwhile, treating Drp1 inhibitors would be beneficial in reducing AIM2 activation, and activating AIM2 could abolish the protective effect of MC4R on neuron homeostasis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MC4R protects against neural injury through a novel process by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, as well as AIM2 activation, which may serve as an available candidate for SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Basic and Clinical Translation of Orthopaedics Key Laboratory, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nongtao Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yikang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibo Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Griffin H, Hanson J, Phelan KD, Baldini G. MC4R Localizes at Excitatory Postsynaptic and Peri-Postsynaptic Sites of Hypothalamic Neurons in Primary Culture. Cells 2024; 13:1235. [PMID: 39120267 PMCID: PMC11311852 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is expressed in several brain locations encompassing the hypothalamus and the brainstem, where the receptor controls several body functions, including metabolism. In a well-defined pathway to decrease appetite, hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons localized in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) project to MC4R neurons in the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) to release the natural MC4R agonist α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Arc neurons also project excitatory glutamatergic fibers to the MC4R neurons in the PVN for a fast synaptic transmission to regulate a satiety pathway potentiated by α-MSH. By using super-resolution microscopy, we found that in hypothalamic neurons in a primary culture, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) colocalizes with GluN1, a subunit of the ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Thus, hypothalamic neurons form excitatory postsynaptic specializations. To study the MC4R distribution at these sites, tagged HA-MC4R under the synapsin promoter was expressed in neurons by adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transduction. HA-MC4R immunofluorescence peaked at the center and in proximity to the PSD95- and NMDAR-expressing sites. These data provide morphological evidence that MC4R localizes together with glutamate receptors at postsynaptic and peri-postsynaptic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haven Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (H.G.); (J.H.)
| | - Jude Hanson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (H.G.); (J.H.)
| | - Kevin D. Phelan
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Giulia Baldini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (H.G.); (J.H.)
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de Paiva IHR, da Silva RS, Mendonça IP, de Souza JRB, Peixoto CA. Semaglutide Attenuates Anxious and Depressive-Like Behaviors and Reverses the Cognitive Impairment in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Model Via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:36. [PMID: 39042202 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Newly conducted research suggests that metabolic disorders, like diabetes and obesity, play a significant role as risk factors for psychiatric disorders. This connection presents a potential avenue for creating novel antidepressant medications by repurposing drugs originally developed to address antidiabetic conditions. Earlier investigations have shown that GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) analogs exhibit neuroprotective qualities in various models of neurological diseases, encompassing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Moreover, GLP-1 analogs have demonstrated the capability to enhance neurogenesis, a process recognized for its significance in memory formation and the cognitive and emotional aspects of information processing. Nonetheless, whether semaglutide holds efficacy as both an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent remains uncertain. To address this, our study focused on a mouse model of depression linked to type 2 diabetes induced by a High Fat Diet (HFD). In this model, we administered semaglutide (0.05 mg/Kg intraperitoneally) on a weekly basis to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic option for depression and anxiety. Diabetic mice had higher blood glucose, lipidic profile, and insulin resistance. Moreover, mice fed HFD showed higher serum interleukin (IL)-1β and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with impaired humor and cognition. The analysis of behavioral responses revealed that the administration of semaglutide effectively mitigated depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, concurrently demonstrating an enhancement in cognitive function. Additionally, semaglutide treatment protected synaptic plasticity and reversed the hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by HFD fed, improving activation of the insulin pathway, demonstrating the protective effects of semaglutide. We also found that semaglutide treatment decreased astrogliosis and microgliosis in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. In addition, semaglutide prevented the DM2-induced impairments of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and simultaneously increased the NeuN + and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R+) neurons in the hippocampus. Our data also showed that semaglutide increased the serotonin (5-HT) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and glutamatergic receptors in the hippocampus. At last, semaglutide changed the gut microbiota profile (increasing Bacterioidetes, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Blautia coccoides) and decreased leaky gut, improving the gut-brain axis. Taken together, semaglutide has the potential to act as a therapeutic tool for depression and anxiety.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Glucagon-Like Peptides/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy
- Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control
- Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
- Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism
- Depression/drug therapy
- Depression/psychology
- Depression/metabolism
- Male
- Anxiety/drug therapy
- Anxiety/psychology
- Anxiety/etiology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Brain-Gut Axis/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Henrique Rodrigues de Paiva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Soares da Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Prata Mendonça
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife CEP, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
- Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Recife, Brazil.
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Heaton EC, Seo EH, Butkovich LM, Yount ST, Gourley SL. Control of goal-directed and inflexible actions by dorsal striatal melanocortin systems, in coordination with the central nucleus of the amygdala. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 238:102629. [PMID: 38763506 PMCID: PMC11198735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is associated with flexible goal seeking, as opposed to routinized habits. Whether local mechanisms brake this function, for instance when habits may be adaptive, is incompletely understood. We find that a sub-population of dopamine D1 receptor-containing striatal neurons express the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) for α-melanocyte stimulating hormone. These neurons within the DMS are necessary and sufficient for controlling the capacity of mice to flexibly adjust actions based on the likelihood that they will be rewarded. In investigating MC4R function, we found that it suppresses immediate-early gene levels in the DMS and concurrently, flexible goal seeking. MC4R+ neurons receive input from the central nucleus of the amygdala, and behavioral experiments indicate that they are functionally integrated into an amygdalo-striatal circuit that suppresses action flexibility in favor of routine. Publicly available spatial transcriptomics datasets were analyzed for gene transcript correlates of Mc4r expression across the striatal subregions, revealing considerable co-variation in dorsal structures. This insight led to the discovery that the function of MC4R in the dorsolateral striatum complements that in the DMS, in this case suppressing habit-like behavior. Altogether, our findings suggest that striatal MC4R controls the capacity for goal-directed and inflexible actions alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Heaton
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, United States; Emory National Primate Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Esther H Seo
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Laura M Butkovich
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Sophie T Yount
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, United States
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, United States; Emory National Primate Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, United States; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Bu L, Wang C, Bai J, Song J, Zhang Y, Chen H, Suo H. Gut microbiome-based therapies for alleviating cognitive impairment: state of the field, limitations, and future perspectives. Food Funct 2024; 15:1116-1134. [PMID: 38224464 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a multifaceted neurological condition that can trigger negative emotions and a range of concurrent symptoms, imposing significant public health and economic burdens on society. Therefore, it is imperative to discover a remedy for CI. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind the onset of this disease are multifactorial, which makes the search for effective amelioration difficult and complex, hindering the search for effective measures. Intriguingly, preclinical research indicates that gut microbiota by influencing brain function, plays an important role in the progression of CI. Furthermore, numerous preclinical studies have highlighted the potential of probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and diet in modulating the gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating CI symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of CI pathogenesis, emphasizing the contribution of gut microbiota disorders to CI development. It also summarizes and discusses current strategies and mechanisms centered on the synergistic role of gut microbiota modulation in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in CI development. Finally, problems with existing approaches are contemplated and the development of microbial modulation strategies as therapeutic approaches to promote and restore brain cognition is discussed. Further research considerations and directions are highlighted to provide ideas for future CI prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Bu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junying Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Xizang 850000, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Modern "Chuan Cai Yu Wei" Food Industry Innovation Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
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Herrera G, Silvero C MJ, Becerra MC, Lasaga M, Scimonelli T. Modulatory role of α-MSH in hippocampal-dependent memory impairment, synaptic plasticity changes, oxidative stress, and astrocyte reactivity induced by short-term high-fat diet intake. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109688. [PMID: 37591460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is associated with cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative diseases. Since the hippocampus is extremely sensitive to pathophysiological changes, neuroinflammation and the concomitant oxidative stress induced by HFD can significantly interfere with hippocampal-dependent functions related to learning and memory. The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) mediates neuroprotective actions in the central nervous system and can reverse the effects of neuroinflammation in cognitive functions that depend on the hippocampus. In this study, we used male Wistar rats to evaluate the effect of short-term HFD intake (5 days) plus a mild immune challenge, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS 10 μg/kg) on contextual fear, changes in structural plasticity, oxidative stress, and astrocyte reactivation in the hippocampus. We also determined the possible modulatory role of α-MSH. HFD consumption was associated with an increase in markers of oxidative stress (Advanced oxidation protein products and Malondialdehyde) in the dorsal hippocampus (DH). We also found changes in hippocampal structural synaptic plasticity, observing a decrease in total spine in the DH after HFD plus LPS. We observed astrocyte proliferation and a significant increase in the percentage of the area occupied by GFAP. Treatment with α-MSH (0.1 μg/0.25 μl) in the DH reversed the effect of short-term HFD plus LPS on contextual fear memory, oxidative stress, and spine density. α-MSH also reduced astrocyte proliferation. Our present results indicate that HFD consumption for a short period sensitizes the central nervous system (CNS) to a subsequent immune challenge and impairs contextual fear memory and that α-MSH could have a modulatory protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Herrera
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orshinger, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M Jazmín Silvero C
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica UNITEFA-CONICET. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Becerra
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica UNITEFA-CONICET. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas INBIOMED UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Scimonelli
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orshinger, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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11
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Romanova IV, Mikhailova EV, Mikhrina AL, Shpakov AO. Type 1 melanocortin receptors in pro-opiomelanocortin-, vasopressin-, and oxytocin-immunopositive neurons in different areas of mouse brain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2388-2399. [PMID: 35475324 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Information on the localization of the Type 1 melanocortin receptors (MC1Rs) in different regions of the brain is very scarce. As a result, the role of MC1Rs in the functioning of brain neurons and in the central regulation of physiological functions has not been studied. This work aimed to study the expression and distribution of MС1Rs in different brain areas of female C57Bl/6J mice. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated the Mс1R gene expression in the cerebral cortex, midbrain, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and hippocampus. Using an immunohistochemical approach, we showed the MС1R localization in neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), dorsal hippocampus, substantia nigra, and cerebral cortex. Using double immunolabeling, the MC1Rs were visualized on the surface and in the bodies and outgrowths of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-immunopositive neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, NTS, hippocampal CA3 and CA1 regions, and cerebral cortex. Co-localization with POMC indicates that MC1R, like MC3R, is able to function as an autoreceptor. In the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, MC1Rs were visualized on the surface and in the cell bodies of vasopressin- and oxytocin-immunopositive neurons, indicating a relationship between hypothalamic MC1R signaling and vasopressin and oxytocin production. The data obtained indicate a wide distribution of MC1Rs in different areas of the mouse brain and their localization in POMC-, vasopressin- and oxytocin-immunopositive neurons, which may indicate the participation of MC1Rs in the control of many physiological processes in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Romanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Mikhailova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiya L Mikhrina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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12
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Gebrie A. The melanocortin receptor signaling system and its role in neuroprotection against neurodegeneration: Therapeutic insights. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1527:30-41. [PMID: 37526975 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin signaling system consists of the melanocortin peptides, their distinctive receptors, accessory proteins, and endogenous antagonists. Melanocortin peptides are small peptide hormones that have been studied in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. There are five types of melanocortin receptors, and they are distributed within the central nervous system and in several tissues of the periphery. The G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors typically signal through adenylyl cyclase and other downstream signaling pathways. Depending on the ligand, surface expression of melanocortin receptor, receptor occupancy period, related proteins, the type of cell, and other parameters, the signaling pathways are complicated and pleiotropic. While it is known that all five melanocortin receptors are coupled to Gs, they can also occasionally couple to Gq or Gi. Both direct and indirect neuroprotection are induced by the melanocortin signaling system. Targeting several of the components of the melanocortin signaling system (ligands, receptors, accessory proteins, signaling effectors, and regulators) may provide therapeutic opportunities. Activation of the melanocortin system improves different functional traits in neurodegenerative diseases. There is a potential for additional melanocortin system interventions by interfering with dimerization or dissociation. This review aims to discuss the melanocortin receptor signaling system and its role in neuroprotection, as well as its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Gebrie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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13
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Littman R, Cheng M, Wang N, Peng C, Yang X. SCING: Inference of robust, interpretable gene regulatory networks from single cell and spatial transcriptomics. iScience 2023; 26:107124. [PMID: 37434694 PMCID: PMC10331489 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulatory network (GRN) inference is an integral part of understanding physiology and disease. Single cell/nuclei RNA-seq (scRNA-seq/snRNA-seq) data has been used to elucidate cell-type GRNs; however, the accuracy and speed of current scRNAseq-based GRN approaches are suboptimal. Here, we present Single Cell INtegrative Gene regulatory network inference (SCING), a gradient boosting and mutual information-based approach for identifying robust GRNs from scRNA-seq, snRNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics data. Performance evaluation using Perturb-seq datasets, held-out data, and the mouse cell atlas combined with the DisGeNET database demonstrates the improved accuracy and biological interpretability of SCING compared to existing methods. We applied SCING to the entire mouse single cell atlas, human Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mouse AD spatial transcriptomics. SCING GRNs reveal unique disease subnetwork modeling capabilities, have intrinsic capacity to correct for batch effects, retrieve disease relevant genes and pathways, and are informative on spatial specificity of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Littman
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCBio), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute (MBI), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute (BRI), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Zhang Y, Xiang J, Tang L, Yang J, Li J. PGAGP: Predicting pathogenic genes based on adaptive network embedding algorithm. Front Genet 2023; 13:1087784. [PMID: 36744177 PMCID: PMC9895109 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1087784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of disease-gene associations is an important topic in the field of computational biology. The accumulation of massive amounts of biomedical data provides new possibilities for exploring potential relations between diseases and genes through computational strategy, but how to extract valuable information from the data to predict pathogenic genes accurately and rapidly is currently a challenging and meaningful task. Therefore, we present a novel computational method called PGAGP for inferring potential pathogenic genes based on an adaptive network embedding algorithm. The PGAGP algorithm is to first extract initial features of nodes from a heterogeneous network of diseases and genes efficiently and effectively by Gaussian random projection and then optimize the features of nodes by an adaptive refining process. These low-dimensional features are used to improve the disease-gene heterogenous network, and we apply network propagation to the improved heterogenous network to predict pathogenic genes more effectively. By a series of experiments, we study the effect of PGAGP's parameters and integrated strategies on predictive performance and confirm that PGAGP is better than the state-of-the-art algorithms. Case studies show that many of the predicted candidate genes for specific diseases have been implied to be related to these diseases by literature verification and enrichment analysis, which further verifies the effectiveness of PGAGP. Overall, this work provides a useful solution for mining disease-gene heterogeneous network to predict pathogenic genes more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Ju Xiang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
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15
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Daini E, Vandini E, Bodria M, Liao W, Baraldi C, Secco V, Ottani A, Zoli M, Giuliani D, Vilella A. Melanocortin receptor agonist NDP-α-MSH improves cognitive deficits and microgliosis but not amyloidosis in advanced stages of AD progression in 5XFAD and 3xTg mice. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1082036. [PMID: 36703981 PMCID: PMC9871936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia and still lacks effective therapy. Clinical signs of AD include low levels of endogenous melanocortins (MCs) and previous studies have shown that treatment with MC analogs induces neuroprotection in the early stages of AD. Methods We investigated the neuroprotective role of MCs in two transgenic mouse models of severe AD using 5 and 7 month-old (mo) 5XFAD mice and 9 and 12 mo 3xTg mice. These mice were subjected to a chronic stimulation of MC receptors (MCRs) with MC analogue Nle4-D-Phe7-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-α-MSH, 340 μg/kg, i.p.). Mouse behavior and ex-vivo histological and biochemical analyses were performed after 50 days of treatment. Results Our analysis demonstrated an improvement in cognitive abilities of AD mice at late stage of AD progression. We also showed that these protective effects are associated with decreased levels of hyperphosphorylated Tau but not with Aβ burden, that was unaffected in the hippocampus and in the cortex of AD mice. In addition, an age-dependent NDP effect on glial reactivity was observed only in 3xTg mice whereas a global downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was selectively observed in 7 mo 5XFAD and 14 mo 3xTg mice. Conclusion Our results suggest that MCR stimulation by NDP-α-MSH could represent a promising therapeutic strategy in managing cognitive decline also at late stage of AD, whereas the effects on neuroinflammation may be restricted to specific stages of AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Daini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vandini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Martina Bodria
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Wenjie Liao
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Baraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Secco
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ottani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Giuliani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonietta Vilella
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy,*Correspondence: Antonietta Vilella,
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16
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Corrigan RR, Labrador L, Grizzanti J, Mey M, Piontkivska H, Casadesús G. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Amylin Receptor Activation, Not Antagonism, in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1495-1514. [PMID: 36641678 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amylin, a pancreatic amyloid peptide involved in energy homeostasis, is increasingly studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology. To date, conflicting pathogenic and neuroprotective roles for this peptide and its analogs for AD pathogenesis have been described. OBJECTIVE Whether the benefits of amylin are associated with peripheral improvement of metabolic tone/function or directly through the activation of central amylin receptors is also unknown and downstream signaling mechanisms of amylin receptors are major objectives of this study. METHODS To address these questions more directly we delivered the amylin analog pramlintide systemically (IP), at previously identified therapeutic doses, while centrally (ICV) inhibiting the receptor using an amylin receptor antagonist (AC187), at doses known to impact CNS function. RESULTS Here we show that pramlintide improved cognitive function independently of CNS receptor activation and provide transcriptomic data that highlights potential mechanisms. Furthermore, we show than inhibition of the amylin receptor increased amyloid-beta pathology in female APP/PS1 mice, an effect than was mitigated by peripheral delivery of pramlintide. Through transcriptomic analysis of pramlintide therapy in AD-modeled mice we found sexual dimorphic modulation of neuroprotective mechanisms: oxidative stress protection in females and membrane stability and reduced neuronal excitability markers in males. CONCLUSION These data suggest an uncoupling of functional and pathology-related events and highlighting a more complex receptor system and pharmacological relationship that must be carefully studied to clarify the role of amylin in CNS function and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Labrador
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John Grizzanti
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Megan Mey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Helen Piontkivska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Gemma Casadesús
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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17
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Wang X, Cui X, Li Y, Li F, Li Y, Dai J, Hu H, Wang X, Sun J, Yang Y, Zhang S. MC4R Deficiency Causes Dysregulation of Postsynaptic Excitatory Synaptic Transmission as a Crucial Culprit for Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:2331-2343. [PMID: 35926095 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) shows bidirectional characterization in modulating food intake and energy homeostasis. We demonstrate that MC4R knockdown (KD) in the PVH can attenuate AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated postsynaptic responses by altering the phosphorylation of AMPAR GluA1 subunit through the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent signaling cascade and simultaneously lead to rapid body weight gain. Furthermore, PKA KD in the PVH engendered similar electrophysiological and behavioral phenotypes as in MC4R KD mice. Importantly, we observed that the reduction of AMPAR GluA1 expression not only led to attenuated synaptic responses but also caused body weight gain, suggesting that the aberration of synaptic responses may be one of the crucial pathogeny of obesity. Our study provides the synaptic and molecular explanations of how body weight is regulated by MC4R in the PVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Guangwai Community Health Service Center of Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jinye Dai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Han Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Brabec JL, Ouardouz M, Mahoney JM, Scott RC, Hernan AE. Differential regulation of gene expression pathways with dexamethasone and ACTH after early life seizures. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105873. [PMID: 36152945 PMCID: PMC10048589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life seizures (ELS) are associated with persistent cognitive deficits such as ADHD and memory impairment. These co-morbidities have a dramatic negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Therapies that improve cognitive outcomes have enormous potential to improve patients' quality of life. Our previous work in a rat flurothyl-induction model showed that administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) at time of seizure induction led to improved learning and memory in the animals despite no effect on seizure latency or duration. Administration of dexamethasone (Dex), a corticosteroid, did not have the same positive effect on learning and memory and has even been shown to exacerbate injury in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. We hypothesized that ACTH exerted positive effects on cognitive outcomes through beneficial changes to gene expression and proposed that administration of ACTH at seizure induction would return gene-expression in the brain towards the normal pattern of expression in the Control animals whereas Dex would not. Twenty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into vehicle- Control, and ACTH-, Dex-, and vehicle- ELS. Rat pups were subjected to 60 flurothyl seizures from P5 to P14. After seizure induction, brains were removed and the hippocampus and PFC were dissected, RNA was extracted and sequenced, and differential expression analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations. Differential expression analysis showed that ACTH pushes gene expression in the brain back to a more normal state of expression through enrichment of pathways involved in supporting homeostatic balance and down-regulating pathways that might contribute to excitotoxic cell-damage post-ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Brabec
- University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - Mohamed Ouardouz
- Nemours Children's Health, Division of Neuroscience, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - J Matthew Mahoney
- University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Rod C Scott
- Nemours Children's Health, Division of Neuroscience, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Neurosciences Unit University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; University of Delaware, Psychological and Brain Sciences, South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Amanda E Hernan
- Nemours Children's Health, Division of Neuroscience, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; University of Delaware, Psychological and Brain Sciences, South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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19
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Melanocortin-4 receptor signaling in the central amygdala mediates chronic inflammatory pain effects on nociception. Neuropharmacology 2022; 210:109032. [PMID: 35304172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory pain represents one of the largest subsets of chronic pain diagnoses, which affect nearly a quarter of individuals in the United States and cost nearly $600 billion dollars annually. Chronic pain leads to persistent sensory hypersensitivities, as well as emotional and cognitive disturbances. Evidence suggests that melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4Rs) mediate pain-signaling and pain-like behaviors via actions at various nodes in the pain-neural axis, but the field lacks a complete understanding of the potential role of MC4Rs in chronic inflammatory pain in males and females. The central amygdala (CeA) expresses high quantities of MC4R and receives pain-related information from the periphery, and in vivo CeA manipulations alter nociceptive behavior in pain-naïve and in animals with chronic pain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MC4Rs in the CeA modulate thermal nociception and mechanical sensitivity, as well as pain avoidance, in male and female Wistar rats, using a model of chronic inflammatory pain (Complete Freud's Adjuvant; CFA). First, we report that CFA produces long-lasting hyperalgesia in adult male and female Wistar rats, and long-lasting pain avoidance in male Wistar rats. Second, we report that MC4R antagonism in the CeA reduces thermal nociception and mechanical sensitivity in male and female Wistar rats treated with CFA. Finally, we report that MC4R antagonism in the CeA reduces pain avoidance in male, and that this effect is not due to drug effects on locomotor activity. Our results indicate that a model of chronic inflammatory pain produces long-lasting increases in pain-like behaviors in adult male and female Wistar rats, and that antagonism of MC4Rs in the CeA reverses those effects.
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20
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Zhou Y, Chawla MK, Rios-Monterrosa JL, Wang L, Zempare MA, Hruby VJ, Barnes CA, Cai M. Aged Brains Express Less Melanocortin Receptors, Which Correlates with Age-Related Decline of Cognitive Functions. Molecules 2021; 26:6266. [PMID: 34684847 PMCID: PMC8541441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain G-protein coupled receptors have been hypothesized to be potential targets for maintaining or restoring cognitive function in normal aged individuals or in patients with neurodegenerative disease. A number of recent reports suggest that activation of melanocortin receptors (MCRs) in the brain can significantly improve cognitive functions of normal rodents and of different rodent models of the Alzheimer's disease. However, the potential impact of normative aging on the expression of MCRs and their potential roles for modulating cognitive function remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we first investigated the expression of these receptors in six different brain regions of young (6 months) and aged (23 months) rats following assessment of their cognitive status. Correlation analysis was further performed to reveal potential contributions of MCR subtypes to spatial learning and memory. Our results revealed statistically significant correlations between the expression of several MCR subtypes in the frontal cortex/hypothalamus and the hippocampus regions and the rats' performance in spatial learning and memory only in the aged rats. These findings support the hypothesis that aging has a direct impact on the expression and function of MCRs, establishing MCRs as potential drug targets to alleviate aging-induced decline of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.L.R.-M.); (L.W.); (V.J.H.)
| | - Monica K. Chawla
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (M.K.C.); (M.A.Z.); (C.A.B.)
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory & Aging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jose L. Rios-Monterrosa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.L.R.-M.); (L.W.); (V.J.H.)
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.L.R.-M.); (L.W.); (V.J.H.)
| | - Marc A. Zempare
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (M.K.C.); (M.A.Z.); (C.A.B.)
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory & Aging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.L.R.-M.); (L.W.); (V.J.H.)
| | - Carol A. Barnes
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (M.K.C.); (M.A.Z.); (C.A.B.)
- Division of Neural Systems, Memory & Aging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Minying Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.L.R.-M.); (L.W.); (V.J.H.)
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21
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Olson B, Zhu X, Norgard MA, Diba P, Levasseur PR, Buenafe AC, Huisman C, Burfeind KG, Michaelis KA, Kong G, Braun T, Marks DL. Chronic cerebral lipocalin 2 exposure elicits hippocampal neuronal dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:102-118. [PMID: 34245812 PMCID: PMC8453133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a pleiotropic molecule that is induced in the central nervous system (CNS) in several acute and chronic pathologies. The acute induction of LCN2 evolved as a beneficial process, aimed at combating bacterial infection through the sequestration of iron from pathogens, while the role of LCN2 during chronic, non-infectious disease remains unclear, and recent studies suggest that LCN2 is neurotoxic. However, whether LCN2 is sufficient to induce behavioral and cognitive alterations remains unclear. In this paper, we sought to address the role of cerebral LCN2 on cognition in both acute and chronic settings. We demonstrate that LCN2 is robustly induced in the CNS during both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, including LPS-based sepsis and cancer cachexia. In vivo, LPS challenge results in a global induction of LCN2 in the central nervous system, while cancer cachexia results in a distribution specific to the vasculature. Similar to these in vivo observations, in vitro modeling demonstrated that both glia and cerebral endothelium produce and secrete LCN2 when challenged with LPS, while only cerebral endothelium secrete LCN2 when challenged with cancer-conditioned medium. Chronic, but not short-term, cerebral LCN2 exposure resulted in reduced hippocampal neuron staining intensity, an increase in newborn neurons, microglial activation, and increased CNS immune cell infiltration, while gene set analyses suggested these effects were mediated through melanocortin-4 receptor independent mechanisms. RNA sequencing analyses of primary hippocampal neurons revealed a distinct transcriptome associated with prolonged LCN2 exposure, and ontology analysis was suggestive of altered neurite growth and abnormal spatial learning. Indeed, LCN2-treated hippocampal neurons display blunted neurite processes, and mice exposed to prolonged cerebral LCN2 levels experienced a reduction in spatial reference memory as indicated by Y-maze assessment. These findings implicate LCN2 as a pathologic mediator of cognitive decline in the setting of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Olson
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA, Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Xinxia Zhu
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Mason A Norgard
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Parham Diba
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA, Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Peter R Levasseur
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Abby C Buenafe
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Christian Huisman
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Kevin G Burfeind
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA, Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Katherine A Michaelis
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA, Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Garth Kong
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Theodore Braun
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and & Science University Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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22
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Townsend LK, MacPherson REK, Wright DC. New Horizon: Exercise and a Focus on Tissue-Brain Crosstalk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2147-2163. [PMID: 33982072 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The world population is aging, leading to increased rates of neurodegenerative disorders. Exercise has countless health benefits and has consistently been shown to improve brain health and cognitive function. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of exercise-induced adaptations in the brain with a focus on crosstalk between peripheral tissues and the brain. We highlight recent investigations into exercise-induced circulating factors, or exerkines, including irisin, cathepsin B, GPLD1, and ketones and the mechanisms mediating their effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
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23
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Martín-Sánchez A, Piñero J, Nonell L, Arnal M, Ribe EM, Nevado-Holgado A, Lovestone S, Sanz F, Furlong LI, Valverde O. Comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease and major depression: a behavioural and transcriptomic characterization study in mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:73. [PMID: 33795014 PMCID: PMC8017643 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disease in the population and is considered a prodromal stage of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite both diseases having a robust genetic component, the common transcriptomic signature remains unknown. METHODS We investigated the cognitive and emotional behavioural responses in 3- and 6-month-old APP/PSEN1-Tg mice, before β-amyloid plaques were detected. We studied the genetic and pathway deregulation in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and amygdala of mice at both ages, using transcriptomic and functional data analysis. RESULTS We found that depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as memory impairments, are already present at 3-month-old APP/PSEN1-Tg mutant mice together with the deregulation of several genes, such as Ciart, Grin3b, Nr1d1 and Mc4r, and other genes including components of the circadian rhythms, electron transport chain and neurotransmission in all brain areas. Extending these results to human data performing GSEA analysis using DisGeNET database, it provides translational support for common deregulated gene sets related to MD and AD. CONCLUSIONS The present study sheds light on the shared genetic bases between MD and AD, based on a comprehensive characterization from the behavioural to transcriptomic level. These findings suggest that late MD could be an early manifestation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Sánchez
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Nonell
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- MARGenomics core facility, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Arnal
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena M Ribe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Alejo Nevado-Holgado
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd., Janssen-Cilag, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura I Furlong
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Patel D, Zhang X, Farrell JJ, Lunetta KL, Farrer LA. Set-Based Rare Variant Expression Quantitative Trait Loci in Blood and Brain from Alzheimer Disease Study Participants. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:419. [PMID: 33804025 PMCID: PMC7999141 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because studies of rare variant effects on gene expression have limited power, we investigated set-based methods to identify rare expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) related to Alzheimer disease (AD). Gene-level and pathway-level cis rare-eQTL mapping was performed genome-wide using gene expression data derived from blood donated by 713 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants and from brain tissues donated by 475 Religious Orders Study/Memory and Aging Project participants. The association of gene or pathway expression with a set of all cis potentially regulatory low-frequency and rare variants within 1 Mb of genes was evaluated using SKAT-O. A total of 65 genes expressed in the brain were significant targets for rare expression single nucleotide polymorphisms (eSNPs) among which 17% (11/65) included established AD genes HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB5. In the blood, 307 genes were significant targets for rare eSNPs. In the blood and the brain, GNMT, LDHC, RBPMS2, DUS2, and HP were targets for significant eSNPs. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant pathways in the brain (n = 9) and blood (n = 16). Pathways for apoptosis signaling, cholecystokinin receptor (CCKR) signaling, and inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling were common to both tissues. Significant rare eQTLs in inflammation pathways included five genes in the blood (ALOX5AP, CXCR2, FPR2, GRB2, IFNAR1) that were previously linked to AD. This study identified several significant gene- and pathway-level rare eQTLs, which further confirmed the importance of the immune system and inflammation in AD and highlighted the advantages of using a set-based eQTL approach for evaluating the effect of low-frequency and rare variants on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi Patel
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (X.Z.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (X.Z.); (J.J.F.)
| | - John J. Farrell
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (X.Z.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (X.Z.); (J.J.F.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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25
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Melanocortin receptor activation alleviates amyloid pathology and glial reactivity in an Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4359. [PMID: 33623128 PMCID: PMC7902646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no disease-modifying treatment. AD progression is characterized by cognitive decline, neuroinflammation, and accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal and glial dysfunctions. Neuropeptides govern diverse pathophysiological processes and represent key players in AD pathogenesis, regulating synaptic plasticity, glial cell functions and amyloid pathology. Activation of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived neuropeptide and its receptor from the melanocortin receptor (MCR) family have previously been shown to rescue the impairment in hippocampus-dependent synaptic plasticity in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. However, the functional roles of MCR signaling in AD conditions, particularly in glial functions, are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential benefits of MCR activation in AD. In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, we demonstrate that MCR activation mediated by the central administration of its agonist D-Tyr MTII substantially reduces Aβ accumulation, while alleviating global inflammation and astrocytic activation, particularly in the hippocampus. MCR activation prominently reduces the A1 subtype of reactive astrocytes, which is considered a key source of astrocytic neurotoxicity in AD. Concordantly, MCR activation suppresses microglial activation, while enhancing their association with amyloid plaques. The blunted activation of microglia may contribute to the reduction in the neurotoxic phenotypes of astrocytes. Importantly, transcriptome analysis reveals that MCR activation restores the impaired homeostatic processes and microglial reactivity in the hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the potential of MCR signaling as therapeutic target for AD.
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26
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Delezie J, Gill JF, Santos G, Karrer-Cardel B, Handschin C. PGC-1β-expressing POMC neurons mediate the effect of leptin on thermoregulation in the mouse. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16888. [PMID: 33060645 PMCID: PMC7567876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus is a key regulator of food intake, brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and locomotor activity. Whole-body deficiency of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) disrupts mouse circadian locomotor activity and BAT-regulated thermogenesis, in association with altered gene expression at the central level. We examined whether PGC-1β expression in the ARC is required for proper energy balance and locomotor behavior by generating mice lacking the PGC-1β gene specifically in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. POMC neuron-specific deletion of PGC-1β did not impact locomotor behavior, food intake, body composition, energy fuel utilization and metabolic rate in fed, 24-h fasted and 24-h refed conditions. In contrast, in the fed state, deletion of PGC-1β in POMC cells elevated core body temperature during the nighttime period. Importantly, this higher body temperature is not associated with changes in BAT function and gene expression. Conversely, we provide evidence that mice lacking PGC-1β in POMC neurons are more sensitive to the effect of leptin on heat dissipation. Our data indicate that PGC-1β-expressing POMC neurons are part of a circuit controlling body temperature homeostasis and that PGC-1β function in these neurons is involved in the thermoregulatory effect of leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Delezie
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan F Gill
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gesa Santos
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Handschin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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27
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Nam MH, Han KS, Lee J, Won W, Koh W, Bae JY, Woo J, Kim J, Kwong E, Choi TY, Chun H, Lee SE, Kim SB, Park KD, Choi SY, Bae YC, Lee CJ. Activation of Astrocytic μ-Opioid Receptor Causes Conditioned Place Preference. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1154-1166.e5. [PMID: 31365861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of how positive emotional valence (e.g., pleasure) causes preference of an associated context is poorly understood. Here, we show that activation of astrocytic μ-opioid receptor (MOR) drives conditioned place preference (CPP) by means of specific modulation of astrocytic MOR, an exemplar endogenous Gi protein-coupled receptor (Gi-GPCR), in the CA1 hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by a subthreshold stimulation with the activation of astrocytic MOR at the Schaffer collateral pathway accounts for the memory acquisition to induce CPP. This astrocytic MOR-mediated LTP induction is dependent on astrocytic glutamate released upon activation of the astrocytic MOR and the consequent activation of the presynaptic mGluR1. The astrocytic MOR-dependent LTP and CPP were recapitulated by a chemogenetic activation of astrocyte-specifically expressed Gi-DREADD hM4Di. Our study reveals that the transduction of inhibitory Gi-signaling into augmented excitatory synaptic transmission through astrocytic glutamate is critical for the acquisition of contextual memory for CPP.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Memory
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Nam
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Jin Young Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Junsung Woo
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Elliot Kwong
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Choi
- Department of Physiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Heejung Chun
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Virus Facility, Research Animal Resource Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea.
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28
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Deyts C, Clutter M, Pierce N, Chakrabarty P, Ladd TB, Goddi A, Rosario AM, Cruz P, Vetrivel K, Wagner SL, Thinakaran G, Golde TE, Parent AT. APP-Mediated Signaling Prevents Memory Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1345-1355.e6. [PMID: 31042463 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its metabolites play key roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Whereas short amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides derived from APP are pathogenic, the APP holoprotein serves multiple purposes in the nervous system through its cell adhesion and receptor-like properties. Our studies focused on the signaling mediated by the APP cytoplasmic tail. We investigated whether sustained APP signaling during brain development might favor neuronal plasticity and memory process through a direct interaction with the heterotrimeric G-protein subunit GαS (stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit). Our results reveal that APP possesses autonomous regulatory capacity within its intracellular domain that promotes APP cell surface residence, precludes Aβ production, facilitates axodendritic development, and preserves cellular substrates of memory. Altogether, these events contribute to strengthening cognitive functions and are sufficient to modify the course of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Deyts
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mary Clutter
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas Pierce
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas B Ladd
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anna Goddi
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Awilda M Rosario
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kulandaivelu Vetrivel
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Steven L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Angèle T Parent
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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29
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Siebold L, Krueger AC, Abdala JA, Figueroa JD, Bartnik-Olson B, Holshouser B, Wilson CG, Ashwal S. Cosyntropin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:109. [PMID: 32670020 PMCID: PMC7332854 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality/morbidity and is associated with chronic neuroinflammation. Melanocortin receptor agonists including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ameliorate inflammation and provide a novel therapeutic approach. We examined the effect of long-acting cosyntropin (CoSyn), a synthetic ACTH analog, on the early inflammatory response and functional outcome following experimental TBI. Methods: The controlled cortical impact model was used to induce TBI in mice. Mice were assigned to injury and treatment protocols resulting in four experimental groups including sham + saline, sham + CoSyn, TBI + saline, and TBI + CoSyn. Treatment was administered subcutaneously 3 h post-injury and daily injections were given for up to 7 days post-injury. The early inflammatory response was evaluated at 3 days post-injury through the evaluation of cytokine expression (IL1β and TNFα) and immune cell response. Quantification of immune cell response included cell counts of microglia/macrophages (Iba1+ cells) and neutrophils (MPO+ cells) in the cortex and hippocampus. Behavioral testing (n = 10–14 animals/group) included open field (OF) and novel object recognition (NOR) during the first week following injury and Morris water maze (MWM) at 10–15 days post-injury. Results: Immune cell quantification showed decreased accumulation of Iba1+ cells in the perilesional cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampus for CoSyn-treated TBI animals compared to saline-treated. Reduced numbers of MPO+ cells were also found in the perilesional cortex and hippocampus in CoSyn treated TBI mice compared to their saline-treated counterparts. Furthermore, CoSyn treatment reduced IL1β expression in the cortex of TBI mice. Behavioral testing showed a treatment effect of CoSyn for NOR with CoSyn increasing the discrimination ratio in both TBI and Sham groups, indicating increased memory performance. CoSyn also decreased latency to find platform during the early training period of the MWM when comparing CoSyn to saline-treated TBI mice suggesting moderate improvements in spatial memory following CoSyn treatment. Conclusion: Reduced microglia/macrophage accumulation and neutrophil infiltration in conjunction with moderate improvements in spatial learning in our CoSyn treated TBI mice suggests a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of CoSyn following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Siebold
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Amy C Krueger
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan A Abdala
- The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Johnny D Figueroa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Brenda Bartnik-Olson
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Holshouser
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Ashwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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30
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Vallianatos CN, Raines B, Porter RS, Bonefas KM, Wu MC, Garay PM, Collette KM, Seo YA, Dou Y, Keegan CE, Tronson NC, Iwase S. Mutually suppressive roles of KMT2A and KDM5C in behaviour, neuronal structure, and histone H3K4 methylation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:278. [PMID: 32483278 PMCID: PMC7264178 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) is extensively regulated by numerous writer and eraser enzymes in mammals. Nine H3K4me enzymes are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders to date, indicating their important roles in the brain. However, interplay among H3K4me enzymes during brain development remains largely unknown. Here, we show functional interactions of a writer-eraser duo, KMT2A and KDM5C, which are responsible for Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome (WDSTS), and mental retardation X-linked syndromic Claes-Jensen type (MRXSCJ), respectively. Despite opposite enzymatic activities, the two mouse models deficient for either Kmt2a or Kdm5c shared reduced dendritic spines and increased aggression. Double mutation of Kmt2a and Kdm5c clearly reversed dendritic morphology, key behavioral traits including aggression, and partially corrected altered transcriptomes and H3K4me landscapes. Thus, our study uncovers common yet mutually suppressive aspects of the WDSTS and MRXSCJ models and provides a proof of principle for balancing a single writer-eraser pair to ameliorate their associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Vallianatos
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brynne Raines
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert S Porter
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katherine M Bonefas
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Patricia M Garay
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katie M Collette
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Natalie C Tronson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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31
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Vyas Y, Montgomery JM, Cheyne JE. Hippocampal Deficits in Amyloid-β-Related Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:266. [PMID: 32317913 PMCID: PMC7154147 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the most common cause of dementia. Symptoms of AD include memory loss, disorientation, mood and behavior changes, confusion, unfounded suspicions, and eventually, difficulty speaking, swallowing, and walking. These symptoms are caused by neuronal degeneration and cell loss that begins in the hippocampus, and later in disease progression spreading to the rest of the brain. While there are some medications that alleviate initial symptoms, there are currently no treatments that stop disease progression. Hippocampal deficits in amyloid-β-related rodent models of AD have revealed synaptic, behavioral and circuit-level defects. These changes in synaptic function, plasticity, neuronal excitability, brain connectivity, and excitation/inhibition imbalance all have profound effects on circuit function, which in turn could exacerbate disease progression. Despite, the wealth of studies on AD pathology we don't yet have a complete understanding of hippocampal deficits in AD. With the increasing development of in vivo recording techniques in awake and freely moving animals, future studies will extend our current knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning how hippocampal function is altered in AD, and aid in progression of treatment strategies that prevent and/or delay AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna M. Montgomery
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juliette E. Cheyne
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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Ye J, Yin Y, Liu H, Fang L, Tao X, Wei L, Zuo Y, Yin Y, Ke D, Wang J. Tau inhibits PKA by nuclear proteasome-dependent PKAR2α elevation with suppressed CREB/GluA1 phosphorylation. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13055. [PMID: 31668016 PMCID: PMC6974714 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of wild-type tau plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease, while the mechanisms underlying tauopathy and memory impairment remain unclear. Here, we report that overexpressing full-length wild-type human tau (hTau) in mouse hippocampus induces learning and memory deficits with remarkably reduced levels of multiple synapse- and memory-associated proteins. Overexpressing hTau inhibits the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and decreases the phosphorylation level of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), GluA1, and TrkB with reduced BDNF mRNA and protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. Simultaneously, overexpressing hTau increased PKAR2α (an inhibitory subunit of PKA) in nuclear fraction and inactivated proteasome activity. With an increased association of PKAR2α with PA28γ (a nuclear proteasome activator), the formation of PA28γ-20S proteasome complex remarkably decreased in the nuclear fraction, followed by a reduced interaction of PKAR2α with 20S proteasome. Both downregulating PKAR2α by shRNA and upregulating proteasome by expressing PA28γ rescued hTau-induced PKA inhibition and CREB dephosphorylation, and upregulating PKA improved hTau-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Together, these data reveal that intracellular tau accumulation induces synapse and memory impairments by inhibiting PKA/CREB/BDNF/TrkB and PKA/GluA1 signaling, and deficit of PA28γ-20S proteasome complex formation contributes to PKAR2α elevation and PKA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoqing Tao
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Linyu Wei
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yue Zuo
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jian‐Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Co‐innovation Center of Neurodegeneration Nantong University Nantong China
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33
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Wu H, Wu ZG, Shi WJ, Gao H, Wu HH, Bian F, Jia PP, Hou YN. Effects of progesterone on glucose uptake in neurons of Alzheimer's disease animals and cell models. Life Sci 2019; 238:116979. [PMID: 31647947 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to abnormal glucose metabolism in the central nervous system. Progesterone has been shown to have obvious neuroprotective effects in the pathogenesis of AD, but the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of progesterone on the glucose metabolism of neurons in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) mice and Aβ-induced AD cell model. MATERIALS AND METHODS APP/PS1 mice were treated with 40 mg/kg progesterone for 40 days and primary cultured cortical neurons were treated with 1 μM progesterone for 48 h.Then behavior tests,2-NBDG glucose uptake tests and the protein levels of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), GLUT4, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were examined. KEY FINDINGS Progesterone increased the expression levels of GLUT3 and GLUT4 in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice, accompanied by an improvement in learning and memory. Progesterone increased the levels of CREB and PPARγ in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 mice. In vitro, progesterone increased glucose uptake in primary cultured cortical neurons, this effect was blocked by the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1)-specific blocker AG205 but not by the progesterone receptor (PR)-specific blocker RU486. Meanwhile, progesterone increased the expression of GLUT3, GLUT4, CREB and PPARγ, and AG205 blocked this effect. SIGNIFICANCE These results confirm that progesterone significantly improves the glucose metabolism of neurons.One of the mechanisms of this effect is that progesterone upregulates protein expression of GLUT3 and GLUT4 through pathways PGRMC1/CREB/GLUT3 and PGRMC1/PPARγ/GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wu
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Shi
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heze Medical College, Heze, 274000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hong-Hai Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Fang Bian
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng-Peng Jia
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan-Ning Hou
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang, 050082, Hebei Province, China.
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34
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Joshi VV, Patel ND, Rehan MA, Kuppa A. Mysterious Mechanisms of Memory Formation: Are the Answers Hidden in Synapses? Cureus 2019; 11:e5795. [PMID: 31728242 PMCID: PMC6827877 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After decades of research on memory formation and retention, we are still searching for the definite concept and process behind neuroplasticity. This review article will address the relationship between synapses, memory formation, and memory retention and their genetic correlations. In the last six decades, there have been enormous improvements in the neurochemistry domain, especially in the area of neural plasticity. In the central nervous system, the complexity of the synapses between neurons allows communication among them. It is believed that each time certain types of sensory signals pass through sequences of synapses, these synapses can transmit the same signals more efficiently the following time. The concept of Hebb synapse has provided revolutionary thinking about the nature of neural mechanisms of learning and memory formation. To improve the local circuitry for memory formation and behavioral change and stabilization in the mammalian central nervous system, long-term potentiation and long-term depression are the crucial components of Hebbian plasticity. In this review, we will be discussing the role of glutamatergic synapses, engram cells, cytokines, neuropeptides, neurosteroids and many aspects, covering the synaptic basis of memory. Lastly, we have tried to cover the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders due to synaptic dysfunction. To enhance pharmacological interventions for neurodegenerative diseases, we need more research in this direction. With the help of technology, and a better understanding of the disease etiology, not only can we identify the missing pieces of synaptic functions, but we might also cure or even prevent serious neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj V Joshi
- Neuropsychiatry, California Instititute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nishita D Patel
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Muhammad Awais Rehan
- Miscellenous, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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35
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Chen Y, Xu J, Zhou X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Ma S, Fu AKY, Ip NY, Chen Y. Changes of Protein Phosphorylation Are Associated with Synaptic Functions during the Early Stage of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3986-3996. [PMID: 31424205 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder for which we have limited knowledge of the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis, especially the molecular events that trigger the deterioration of neuronal functions in the early stage. Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are highly dynamic and reversible post-translational modifications that control protein signaling and hence neuronal functions, aberrations of which are implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. We conducted a quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis in the brains of APP/PS1 mice, an Aβ-deposition transgenic mouse model, at 3 months old, the stage at which amyloid pathology just initiates. Compared to the wild-type mouse brains, we found that changes in serine phosphorylation were predominant in the APP/PS1 mouse brains, and that the occurrence of proline-directed phosphorylation was most common among the overrepresented phosphopeptides. Further analysis of the 167 phosphoproteins that were significantly up- or downregulated in APP/PS1 mouse brains revealed the enrichment of these proteins in synapse-related pathways. In particular, Western blot analysis validated the increased phosphorylation of chromogranin B, a protein enriched in large dense-core vesicles, in APP/PS1 mouse brains. These findings collectively suggest that changes in the phosphoprotein network may be associated with the deregulation of synaptic functions during the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Chen
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Saijuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Amy K. Y. Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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36
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Zhao P, Qian X, Nie Y, Sun N, Wang Z, Wu J, Wei C, Ma R, Wang Z, Chai G, Li Y. Neuropeptide S Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment of APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice by Promoting Synaptic Plasticity and Reducing Aβ Deposition. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:138. [PMID: 31293402 PMCID: PMC6603143 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating disease in the elderly with no known effective treatment. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of memory and cognition. Many new potential targets are being investigated to develop effective therapeutic strategies for AD. Neuropeptide S (NPS) is an endogenous peptide in the central nervous system, which has been shown to play a beneficial role in learning and memory. However, whether NPS can ameliorate cognitive deficits in AD remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of NPS treatment on the cognitive behaviors and pathological hallmarks in 8-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) AD mice. We found that the APP/PS1 mice exhibited lower levels of NPS receptors (NPSRs) in the hippocampal area, and NPS administration increased c-Fos expression in the hippocampus and cortex, which suggests the NPS/NPSR system may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. After an intracerebroventricular injection of NPS (1 nmol) for 2 weeks, we found NPS treatment ameliorated spatial memory deficits and promoted dendrite ramification and spine generation in hippocampal CA1 neurons, which was accompanied by the upregulation of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synapsin1. We also demonstrated that the injection of NPS decreased Aβ plaque deposits by decreasing the γ-secretase activity and the phosphorylation of APP at Thr668. Furthermore, application of NPS reversed the deficits in hippocampal late-phase long-term potentiation (LTP). These findings suggest NPS attenuated cognitive deficits by reducing pathological features in APP/PS1 mice, and NPS might be a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohang Qian
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Na Sun
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Jiajun Wu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruikun Ma
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gaoshang Chai
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Ganglioside deficiency in hypothalamic POMC neurons promotes body weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:510-524. [PMID: 31168055 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS; gene: UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase (Ugcg))-derived gangliosides comprise a specific class of lipids in the plasma membrane that modulate the activity of transmembrane receptors. GCS deletion in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc) neurons leads to prominent obesity. However, it has not yet been studied how ganglioside depletion affects individual Arc neuronal subpopulations. The current study investigates the effects of GCS deletion specifically in anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Additionally, we investigate insulin receptor (IR) signaling and phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) binding to ATP-dependent K+ (KATP) channels of GCS-deficient POMC neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated Ugcgf/f-Pomc-Cre mice with ganglioside deficiency in POMC neurons. Moreover, the CRISPR (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 technology was used to inhibit GCS-dependent ganglioside biosynthesis in cultured mouse POMC neurons, yielding UgcgΔ-mHypoA-POMC cells that were used to study mechanistic aspects in further detail. Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) visualized interactions between gangliosides, IR, and KATP channel subunit sulfonylurea receptor-1 (SUR-1), as well as intracellular IR substrate 2 (IRS-2) phosphorylation and PIP3. RESULTS Chow-fed Ugcgf/f-Pomc-Cre mice showed a moderate but significant increase in body weight gain and they failed to display an increase of anorexigenic neuropeptide expression during the fasting-to-re-feeding transition. IR, IRS-2, p85, and overall insulin-evoked IR and IRS-2 phosphorylation were elevated in ganglioside-depleted UgcgΔ-mHypoA-POMC neurons. A PLA demonstrated that more insulin-evoked complex formation occurred between PIP3 and SUR-1 in ganglioside-deficient POMC neurons in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our work suggests that GCS deletion in POMC neurons promotes body weight gain. Gangliosides are required for an appropriate adaptation of anorexigenic neuropeptide expression in the Arc during the fasting-to-re-feeding transition. Moreover, gangliosides might modulate KATP channel activity by restraining PIP3 binding to the KATP channel subunit SUR-1. Increased PIP3/SUR-1 interactions in ganglioside-deficient neurons could in turn potentially lead to electrical silencing. This work highlights that gangliosides in POMC neurons of the hypothalamic Arc are important regulators of body weight.
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Maletínská L, Popelová A, Železná B, Bencze M, Kuneš J. The impact of anorexigenic peptides in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease pathology. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:R47-R72. [PMID: 30475219 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly population. Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that patients who suffer from obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction and AD. Several recent studies demonstrated that food intake-lowering (anorexigenic) peptides have the potential to improve metabolic disorders and that they may also potentially be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the neuroprotective effects of anorexigenic peptides of both peripheral and central origins are discussed. Moreover, the role of leptin as a key modulator of energy homeostasis is discussed in relation to its interaction with anorexigenic peptides and their analogs in AD-like pathology. Although there is no perfect experimental model of human AD pathology, animal studies have already proven that anorexigenic peptides exhibit neuroprotective properties. This phenomenon is extremely important for the potential development of new drugs in view of the aging of the human population and of the significantly increasing incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Popelová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bencze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
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Chen Y, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:186-198. [PMID: 30439458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and pathological hallmarks of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. However, its pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood, and diagnostic tools and interventions are limited. Here, we review recent research on the amyloid hypothesis and beta-amyloid-induced dysfunction of neuronal synapses through distinct cell surface receptors. We also review how tau protein leads to synaptotoxicity through pathological modification, localization, and propagation. Finally, we discuss experimental therapeutics for AD and propose potential applications of disease-modifying strategies targeting synaptic failure for improved treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Novoselova TV, Chan LF, Clark AJL. Pathophysiology of melanocortin receptors and their accessory proteins. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:93-106. [PMID: 29678289 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin receptors (MCRs) and their accessory proteins (MRAPs) are involved in regulation of a diverse range of endocrine pathways. Genetic variants of these components result in phenotypic variation and disease. The MC1R is expressed in skin and variants in the MC1R gene are associated with ginger hair color. The MC2R mediates the action of ACTH in the adrenal gland to stimulate glucocorticoid production and MC2R mutations result in familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD). MC3R and MC4R are involved in metabolic regulation and their gene variants are associated with severe pediatric obesity, whereas the function of MC5R remains to be fully elucidated. MRAPs have been shown to modulate the function of MCRs and genetic variants in MRAPs are associated with diseases including FGD type 2 and potentially early onset obesity. This review provides an insight into recent advances in MCRs and MRAPs physiology, focusing on the disorders associated with their dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Novoselova
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chartehouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
| | - L F Chan
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chartehouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - A J L Clark
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Chartehouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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Peineau S, Rabiant K, Pierrefiche O, Potier B. Synaptic plasticity modulation by circulating peptides and metaplasticity: Involvement in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:385-401. [PMID: 29425728 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is a cellular process involved in learning and memory whose alteration in its two main forms (Long Term Depression (LTD) and Long Term Potentiation (LTP)), is observed in most brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In humans, AD is associated at the cellular level with neuropathological lesions composed of extracellular deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregates and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, cellular loss, neuroinflammation and a general brain homeostasis dysregulation. Thus, a dramatic synaptic environment perturbation is observed in AD patients, involving changes in brain neuropeptides, cytokines, growth factors or chemokines concentration and diffusion. Studies performed in animal models demonstrate that these circulating peptides strongly affect synaptic functions and in particular synaptic plasticity. Besides this neuromodulatory action of circulating peptides, other synaptic plasticity regulation mechanisms such as metaplasticity are altered in AD animal models. Here, we will review new insights into the study of synaptic plasticity regulatory/modulatory mechanisms which could influence the process of synaptic plasticity in the context of AD with a particular attention to the role of metaplasticity and peptide dependent neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Peineau
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Kevin Rabiant
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Pierrefiche
- GRAP UMR1247, INSERM, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Brigitte Potier
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS-ENS UMR9188, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
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Fu AKY, Ip NY. Regulation of postsynaptic signaling in structural synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:148-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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