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Dib M, Lewine JD, Abbott CC, Deng ZD. Electroconvulsive Therapy Modulates Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials: A Pilot MEG Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.26.24306462. [PMID: 38903065 PMCID: PMC11188126 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.24306462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains a critical intervention for treatment-resistant depression (MDD), yet its neurobiological underpinnings are not fully understood. This pilot study utilizes high-resolution magnetoencephalography (MEG) in nine depressed patients receiving right unilateral ECT, to investigate the changes in loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), a proposed biomarker of serotonergic activity, following ECT. We hypothesized that ECT would reduce the LDAEP slope, reflecting enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Contrary to this, our findings indicated a significant increase in LDAEP post-ECT ( t 8 = 3.17, p = .013). The increase in LDAEP was not associated with changes in depression severity or cognitive performance, as assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). We discussed potential mechanisms for the observed increase, including ECT's impact on serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic receptor activity, neuroplasticity involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and inflammation modulators such as TNF- alpha . Our results suggest a complex interaction between ECT and these neurobiological systems, rather than a direct reflection of serotonergic neurotransmission.
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De Filippo R, Schmitz D. Synthetic surprise as the foundation of the psychedelic experience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105538. [PMID: 38220035 PMCID: PMC10839673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Psychedelic agents, such as LSD and psilocybin, induce marked alterations in consciousness via activation of the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2ARs). We hypothesize that psychedelics enforce a state of synthetic surprise through the biased activation of the 5-HTRs system. This idea is informed by recent insights into the role of 5-HT in signaling surprise. The effects on consciousness, explained by the cognitive penetrability of perception, can be described within the predictive coding framework where surprise corresponds to prediction error, the mismatch between predictions and actual sensory input. Crucially, the precision afforded to the prediction error determines its effect on priors, enabling a dynamic interaction between top-down expectations and incoming sensory data. By integrating recent findings on predictive coding circuitry and 5-HT2ARs transcriptomic data, we propose a biological implementation with emphasis on the role of inhibitory interneurons. Implications arise for the clinical use of psychedelics, which may rely primarily on their inherent capacity to induce surprise in order to disrupt maladaptive patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Filippo
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Einstein Center for Neuroscience, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Ngodup T, Irie T, Elkins SP, Trussell LO. The Na + leak channel NALCN controls spontaneous activity and mediates synaptic modulation by α2-adrenergic receptors in auditory neurons. eLife 2024; 12:RP89520. [PMID: 38197879 PMCID: PMC10945507 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartwheel interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) potently suppress multisensory signals that converge with primary auditory afferent input, and thus regulate auditory processing. Noradrenergic fibers from locus coeruleus project to the DCN, and α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit spontaneous spike activity but simultaneously enhance synaptic strength in cartwheel cells, a dual effect leading to enhanced signal-to-noise for inhibition. However, the ionic mechanism of this striking modulation is unknown. We generated a glycinergic neuron-specific knockout of the Na+ leak channel NALCN in mice and found that its presence was required for spontaneous firing in cartwheel cells. Activation of α2-adrenergic receptors inhibited both NALCN and spike generation, and this modulation was absent in the NALCN knockout. Moreover, α2-dependent enhancement of synaptic strength was also absent in the knockout. GABAB receptors mediated inhibition through NALCN as well, acting on the same population of channels as α2 receptors, suggesting close apposition of both receptor subtypes with NALCN. Thus, multiple neuromodulatory systems determine the impact of synaptic inhibition by suppressing the excitatory leak channel, NALCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Ngodup
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Tomohiko Irie
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Seán P Elkins
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Laurence O Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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Ngodup T, Irie T, Elkins S, Trussell LO. The Na + leak channel NALCN controls spontaneous activity and mediates synaptic modulation by α2-adrenergic receptors in auditory neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.23.546323. [PMID: 37987013 PMCID: PMC10659375 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.546323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cartwheel interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) potently suppress multisensory signals that converge with primary auditory afferent input, and thus regulate auditory processing. Noradrenergic fibers from locus coeruleus project to the DCN, and α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit spontaneous spike activity but simultaneously enhance synaptic strength in cartwheel cells, a dual effect leading to enhanced signal-to-noise for inhibition. However, the ionic mechanism of this striking modulation is unknown. We generated a glycinergic neuron-specific knockout of the Na+ leak channel NALCN, and found that its presence was required for spontaneous firing in cartwheel cells. Activation of α2-adrenergic receptors inhibited both NALCN and spike generation, and this modulation was absent in the NALCN knockout. Moreover, α2-dependent enhancement of synaptic strength was also absent in the knockout. GABAB receptors mediated inhibition through NALCN as well, acting on the same population of channels as α2 receptors, suggesting close apposition of both receptor subtypes with NALCN. Thus, multiple neuromodulatory systems determine the impact of synaptic inhibition by suppressing the excitatory leak channel, NALCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Ngodup
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
| | - Tomohiko Irie
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Sean Elkins
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
| | - Laurence O Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
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Hamed SA, Attiah FA, Fawzy M, Azzam M. Evaluation of chronic idiopathic tinnitus and its psychosocial triggers. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3211-3223. [PMID: 37274028 PMCID: PMC10237132 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i14.3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tinnitus susceptibility patterns in relation to different psychological and life stressors are unknown in different cultures.
AIM To determine the comorbid psychosocial factors and behaviors associated with tinnitus and the predictors for the increase in its severity.
METHODS Participants were 230 adults (males = 70; females = 160; mean age = 38.6 ± 3.3). They underwent audiograms, speech discrimination and masking testing, and neuropsychiatric evaluation. Measures used for assessment included tinnitus handicap inventory, depression anxiety stress scale 21 (DASS-21), perceived stress scale (PSS), and insomnia severity index (ISI).
RESULTS Patients had mean duration of tinnitus of 11.5 ± 2.5 mo. They had intact hearing perception at 250-8000 Hz and 95 (41.3%) had aggravation of tinnitus loudness by masking noise. Decompensated tinnitus was reported in 77% (n = 177). The majority had clinically significant insomnia (81.3%), somatic symptoms (75%) other than tinnitus and perceived moderate (46.1%) and high (44.3%) stress to tinnitus. The severe/extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were reported in 17.4%, 35.7% and 44.3%, respectively. Patients with decom-pensated type had significantly higher scores for ISI (P = 0.001) and DASS-21 (depression = 0.02, anxiety = 0.01, stress = 0.001) compared to those with compensated tinnitus. Psychiatric interviewing showed that 35.7% had non-specific anxiety disorder, 17.4% had major depression, and 19.6% fulfilled the criteria of somatization disorder. Multivariate analysis showed that the only independent predictors for tinnitus severity were the duration of tinnitus [odd ratios (OR) = 0.832, 95%CI: 0.640-1.158; P = 0.001] and PSS (OR = 0.835, 95%CI: 0.540-1.125; P = 0.001) scores.
CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in our culture to evaluate the causal relationship between psychological factors and tinnitus onset, severity and persistence. Tinnitus could be the earliest and dominant somatic symptom induced by life stressors and psychological vulnerabilities. Therefore, multidisciplinary consultation (psychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists) is important to acknowledge among the audiologists and otolaryngologists who primarily consult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa Ahmed Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Fadia Ahmed Attiah
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Azzam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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Focusing on the Emerging Role of Kainate Receptors in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus (DCN) and Cerebellum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021718. [PMID: 36675230 PMCID: PMC9865595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals have a dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), which is thought to be a cerebellum-like structure with similar features in terms of structure and microcircuitry to the cerebellum. Both the DCN and cerebellum perform their functions depending on synaptic and neuronal networks mediated by various glutamate receptors. Kainate receptors (KARs) are one class of the glutamate receptor family and are strongly expressed in the hippocampus, the cerebellum, and cerebellum-like structures. The cellular distribution and the potential role of KARs in the hippocampus have been extensively investigated. However, the cellular distribution and the potential role of KARs in cerebellum-like structures, including the DCN and cerebellum, are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the similarity between the DCN and cerebellum at the levels of structure, circuitry, and cell type as well as the investigations referring to the expression patterns of KARs in the DCN and cerebellum according to previous studies. Recent studies on the role of KARs have shown that KARs mediate a bidirectional modulatory effect at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses in the cerebellum, implying insights into their roles in cerebellum-like structures, including the DCN, that remain to be explored in the coming years.
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Cheng LQ, Shu FQ, Zhang M, Kai YZ, Tang ZQ. Resveratrol prevents hearing loss and a subregion specific- reduction of serotonin reuptake transporter induced by noise exposure in the central auditory system. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1134153. [PMID: 37034161 PMCID: PMC10080035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1134153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged or excessive exposure to noise can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus and hypersensitivity to sound. The effects of noise exposure on main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in auditory pathway have been extensively investigated. However, little is known about aberrant changes in neuromodulator systems caused by noise exposure. In the current study, we exposed 2-month-old mice to a narrow band noise at 116 dB SPL for 6 h or sham exposure, assessed auditory brainstem responses as well as examined the expression of serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) in the cochlear nucleus (CN), inferior colliculus (IC), and primary auditory cortex (Au1) using immunohistochemistry. We found that noise exposure resulted in a significant increase in hearing thresholds at 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz, as well as led to a significant reduction of SERT in dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), dorsal IC (ICd), external IC (ICe), and Au1 layers I-IV. This reduction of SERT in these subregions of central auditory system was partially recovered 15 or 30 days after noise exposure. Furthermore, we examined efficacy of resveratrol (RSV) on hearing loss and loss of SERT induced by noise exposure. The results demonstrated that RSV treatment significantly attenuated threshold shifts of auditory brainstem responses and loss of SERT in DCN, ICd, ICe, and Au1 layers I-IV. These findings show that noise exposure can cause hearing loss and subregion-specific loss of SERT in the central auditory system, and RSV treatment could attenuate noise exposure-induced hearing loss and loss of SERT in central auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Quan Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang-Qi Shu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Zhong Kai,
| | - Zheng-Quan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Zheng-Quan Tang,
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8
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Almasabi F, Alosaimi F, Corrales-Terrón M, Wolters A, Strikwerda D, Smit JV, Temel Y, Janssen MLF, Jahanshahi A. Post-Mortem Analysis of Neuropathological Changes in Human Tinnitus. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081024. [PMID: 36009087 PMCID: PMC9406157 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the phantom perception of a sound, often accompanied by increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. Degenerative or inflammatory processes, as well as changes in monoaminergic systems, have been suggested as potential underlying mechanisms. Herein, we conducted the first post-mortem histopathological assessment to reveal detailed structural changes in tinnitus patients’ auditory and non-auditory brain regions. Tissue blocks containing the medial geniculate body (MGB), thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), central part of the inferior colliculus (CIC), and dorsal and obscurus raphe nuclei (DRN and ROb) were obtained from tinnitus patients and matched controls. Cell density and size were assessed in Nissl-stained sections. Astrocytes and microglia were assessed using immunohistochemistry. The DRN was stained using antibodies raised against phenylalanine hydroxylase-8 (PH8) and tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) to visualize serotonergic and dopaminergic cells, respectively. Cell density in the MGB and CIC of tinnitus patients was reduced, accompanied by a reduction in the number of astrocytes in the CIC only. Quantification of cell surface size did not reveal any significant difference in any of the investigated brain regions between groups. The number of PH8-positive cells was reduced in the DRN and ROb of tinnitus patients compared to controls, while the number of TH-positive cells remained unchanged in the DRN. These findings suggest that both neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes in the MGB and CIC underlie the neuropathology of tinnitus. Moreover, the reduced number of serotonergic cell bodies in tinnitus cases points toward a potential role of the raphe serotonergic system in tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Almasabi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.A.); (F.A.); (Y.T.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.-T.); (A.W.); (D.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.L.F.J.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alosaimi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.A.); (F.A.); (Y.T.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.-T.); (A.W.); (D.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.L.F.J.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25732, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minerva Corrales-Terrón
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.-T.); (A.W.); (D.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.L.F.J.)
| | - Anouk Wolters
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.-T.); (A.W.); (D.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.L.F.J.)
| | - Dario Strikwerda
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.-T.); (A.W.); (D.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.L.F.J.)
| | - Jasper V. Smit
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.-T.); (A.W.); (D.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.L.F.J.)
- Department of Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, 6419 PC Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.A.); (F.A.); (Y.T.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.-T.); (A.W.); (D.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.L.F.J.)
| | - Marcus L. F. Janssen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.-T.); (A.W.); (D.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.L.F.J.)
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.A.); (F.A.); (Y.T.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.C.-T.); (A.W.); (D.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.L.F.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Schilling A, Gerum R, Metzner C, Maier A, Krauss P. Intrinsic Noise Improves Speech Recognition in a Computational Model of the Auditory Pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:908330. [PMID: 35757533 PMCID: PMC9215117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise is generally considered to harm information processing performance. However, in the context of stochastic resonance, noise has been shown to improve signal detection of weak sub- threshold signals, and it has been proposed that the brain might actively exploit this phenomenon. Especially within the auditory system, recent studies suggest that intrinsic noise plays a key role in signal processing and might even correspond to increased spontaneous neuronal firing rates observed in early processing stages of the auditory brain stem and cortex after hearing loss. Here we present a computational model of the auditory pathway based on a deep neural network, trained on speech recognition. We simulate different levels of hearing loss and investigate the effect of intrinsic noise. Remarkably, speech recognition after hearing loss actually improves with additional intrinsic noise. This surprising result indicates that intrinsic noise might not only play a crucial role in human auditory processing, but might even be beneficial for contemporary machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Laboratory of Sensory and Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Department of Physics and Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claus Metzner
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Linguistics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211945. [PMID: 34831700 PMCID: PMC8622951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of illegal drugs may be a risk factor of hearing loss. However, very few studies with large sample size have investigated the relationship between illegal drug use and hearing loss. Therefore, to evaluate the association between illegal drug use and hearing loss, this cross-sectional population-based study collected data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011. The study included 1772 participants aged 20 to 59 years who underwent the Drug Use Questionnaire and Audiometry Examination. Of the 1772 participants in this study, 865 were men (48.8%) and 497 were illegal drug users. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 40.0 (11.4) years. After considering age, sex, and comorbidities, the participants who used illegal drugs were found to have higher risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–2.10) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.36–2.12) as compared with the nonusers. In the second analysis, the participants who used ≥ 2 types of illegal drugs were associated with higher risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.06–2.32) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08–2.37). In the third analysis, cocaine use was associated with increased risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04–1.82). The adjusted OR for overall hearing loss in the methamphetamine users was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.05–2.27) as compared with that in the nonusers. This study shows that illegal drug users might have a higher risk of overall hearing loss than nonusers. In addition, the analysis results demonstrated that the more kinds of illegal drugs used, the higher the risk of hearing loss. Further experimental and longitudinal research studies are required to confirm the causal relationship between illegal drug use and hearing loss.
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OIsen T, Capurro A, Švent M, Pilati N, Large C, Hartell N, Hamann M. Sparsely Distributed, Pre-synaptic Kv3 K + Channels Control Spontaneous Firing and Cross-Unit Synchrony via the Regulation of Synaptic Noise in an Auditory Brainstem Circuit. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:721371. [PMID: 34539351 PMCID: PMC8446535 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.721371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subthreshold activity in the central nervous system is fundamental to information processing and transmission, as it amplifies and optimizes sub-threshold signals, thereby improving action potential initiation and maintaining reliable firing. This form of spontaneous activity, which is frequently considered noise, is particularly important at auditory synapses where acoustic information is encoded by rapid and temporally precise firing rates. In contrast, when present in excess, this form of noise becomes detrimental to acoustic information as it contributes to the generation and maintenance of auditory disorders such as tinnitus. The most prominent contribution to subthreshold noise is spontaneous synaptic transmission (synaptic noise). Although numerous studies have examined the role of synaptic noise on single cell excitability, little is known about its pre-synaptic modulation owing in part to the difficulties of combining noise modulation with monitoring synaptic release. Here we study synaptic noise in the auditory brainstem dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of mice and show that pharmacological potentiation of Kv3 K+ currents reduces the level of synaptic bombardment onto DCN principal fusiform cells. Using a transgenic mouse line (SyG37) expressing SyGCaMP2-mCherry, a calcium sensor that targets pre-synaptic terminals, we show that positive Kv3 K+ current modulation decreases calcium influx in a fifth of pre-synaptic boutons. Furthermore, while maintaining rapid and precise spike timing, positive Kv3 K+ current modulation increases the synchronization of local circuit neurons by reducing spontaneous activity. In conclusion, our study identifies a unique pre-synaptic mechanism which reduces synaptic noise at auditory synapses and contributes to the coherent activation of neurons in a local auditory brainstem circuit. This form of modulation highlights a new therapeutic target, namely the pre-synaptic bouton, for ameliorating the effects of hearing disorders which are dependent on aberrant spontaneous activity within the central auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy OIsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alberto Capurro
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maša Švent
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charles Large
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Hartell
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Hamann
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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12
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Gentile Polese A, Nigam S, Hurley LM. 5-HT1A Receptors Alter Temporal Responses to Broadband Vocalizations in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus Through Response Suppression. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:718348. [PMID: 34512276 PMCID: PMC8430226 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.718348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulatory systems may provide information on social context to auditory brain regions, but relatively few studies have assessed the effects of neuromodulation on auditory responses to acoustic social signals. To address this issue, we measured the influence of the serotonergic system on the responses of neurons in a mouse auditory midbrain nucleus, the inferior colliculus (IC), to vocal signals. Broadband vocalizations (BBVs) are human-audible signals produced by mice in distress as well as by female mice in opposite-sex interactions. The production of BBVs is context-dependent in that they are produced both at early stages of interactions as females physically reject males and at later stages as males mount females. Serotonin in the IC of males corresponds to these events, and is elevated more in males that experience less female rejection. We measured the responses of single IC neurons to five recorded examples of BBVs in anesthetized mice. We then locally activated the 5-HT1A receptor through iontophoretic application of 8-OH-DPAT. IC neurons showed little selectivity for different BBVs, but spike trains were characterized by local regions of high spike probability, which we called "response features." Response features varied across neurons and also across calls for individual neurons, ranging from 1 to 7 response features for responses of single neurons to single calls. 8-OH-DPAT suppressed spikes and also reduced the numbers of response features. The weakest response features were the most likely to disappear, suggestive of an "iceberg"-like effect in which activation of the 5-HT1A receptor suppressed weakly suprathreshold response features below the spiking threshold. Because serotonin in the IC is more likely to be elevated for mounting-associated BBVs than for rejection-associated BBVs, these effects of the 5-HT1A receptor could contribute to the differential auditory processing of BBVs in different behavioral subcontexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Gentile Polese
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Sunny Nigam
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Laura M. Hurley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmaco-Toxicological Characterization of 1-Cyclohexyl-x-methoxybenzene Derivatives in Mice: Comparison with Tramadol and PCP. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147659. [PMID: 34299276 PMCID: PMC8306156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1-cyclohexyl-x-methoxybenzene is a novel psychoactive substance (NPS), first discovered in Europe in 2012 as unknown racemic mixture of its three stereoisomers: ortho, meta and para. Each of these has structural similarities with the analgesic tramadol and the dissociative anesthetic phencyclidine. In light of these structural analogies, and based on the fact that both tramadol and phencyclidine are substances that cause toxic effects in humans, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic profile of these molecules, and to compare them with those caused by tramadol and phencyclidine. In vitro studies demonstrated that tramadol, ortho, meta and para were inactive at mu, kappa and delta opioid receptors. Systemic administration of the three stereoisomers impairs sensorimotor responses, modulates spontaneous motor activity, induces modest analgesia, and alters thermoregulation and cardiorespiratory responses in the mouse in some cases, with a similar profile to that of tramadol and phencyclidine. Naloxone partially prevents only the visual sensorimotor impairments caused by three stereoisomers, without preventing other effects. The present data show that 1-cyclohexyl-x-methoxybenzene derivatives cause pharmaco-toxicological effects by activating both opioid and non-opioid mechanisms and suggest that their use could potentially lead to abuse and bodily harm.
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14
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Davis SED, Sansone JM, Hurley LM. Postweaning Isolation Alters the Responses of Auditory Neurons to Serotonergic Modulation. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:302-315. [PMID: 33974061 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile social experience, such as social isolation, has profound effects on communicative behavior, including signal production and reception. In the current study, we explored responsiveness to the neuromodulator serotonin as a potential mechanistic link between early life social isolation and auditory processing. The serotonergic system is sensitive to social isolation in many brain regions including the inferior colliculus (IC), an auditory midbrain nucleus. We investigated the effects of social experience on serotonergic responsiveness by measuring cFos, an immediate early gene product, in the IC of female mice. Serotonin was manipulated pharmacologically by administering fenfluramine, pCPA, or saline to mice that had undergone an extreme dichotomy in social experience after weaning: being housed in social groups versus individually. These mice were exposed to a 60-min recording of vocalizations from an opposite-sex interaction and perfused. Using immunohistochemistry, we measured the density of cFos-positive (cFos+) nuclei in the major subdivisions of the IC. Housing condition, drug treatment, and IC subregion all had a significant effect on cFos+ density. The central IC showed the highest density of cFos+ cells and also the most pronounced effects of housing condition and drug treatment. In the central IC, cFos+ density was higher following fenfluramine treatment than saline, and lower following pCPA treatment than fenfluramine. Individually housed mice showed a higher cFos+ density than socially housed mice in both of the pharmacological treatment groups, but not in the saline group. Drug treatment but not housing condition had strong effects on the behaviors of grooming, digging, rearing, and movement. Once the effects of drug condition were controlled, there were no across-individual correlations between cFos+ densities and behaviors. These findings suggest that the responses of auditory neurons to neuromodulation by serotonin are influenced by early life experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E D Davis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Jack M Sansone
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Laura M Hurley
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.,Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, 409 N Park Ave, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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15
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de Filippo R, Rost BR, Stumpf A, Cooper C, Tukker JJ, Harms C, Beed P, Schmitz D. Somatostatin interneurons activated by 5-HT 2A receptor suppress slow oscillations in medial entorhinal cortex. eLife 2021; 10:66960. [PMID: 33789079 PMCID: PMC8016478 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the major neuromodulators present in the mammalian brain and has been shown to play a role in multiple physiological processes. The mechanisms by which 5-HT modulates cortical network activity, however, are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of 5-HT on slow oscillations (SOs), a synchronized cortical network activity universally present across species. SOs are observed during anesthesia and are considered to be the default cortical activity pattern. We discovered that (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and fenfluramine, two potent 5-HT releasers, inhibit SOs within the entorhinal cortex (EC) in anesthetized mice. Combining opto- and pharmacogenetic manipulations with in vitro electrophysiological recordings, we uncovered that somatostatin-expressing (Sst) interneurons activated by the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) play an important role in the suppression of SOs. Since 5-HT2AR signaling is involved in the etiology of different psychiatric disorders and mediates the psychological effects of many psychoactive serotonergic drugs, we propose that the newly discovered link between Sst interneurons and 5-HT will contribute to our understanding of these complex topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Filippo
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Rost
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Stumpf
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claire Cooper
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - John J Tukker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Prateep Beed
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Zhong PX, Li IH, Shih JH, Yeh CB, Chiang KW, Kao LT. Antidepressants and risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a population-based cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1686-1697. [PMID: 33742212 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of animal studies have found that sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is related to the mechanism of serotonergic modulation. However, the relationship between antidepressants and SSNHL is unclear in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between antidepressant use and risk of SSNHL. METHODS Data from 218 466 antidepressant users and 1 116 518 nonusers were obtained from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. We used propensity-score matching (PSM) and inverse-probability treatment weighting (IPTW) to eliminate any bias. Each patient was tracked for 5 years to ascertain whether or not they were diagnosed with SSNHL. Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses were performed to calculate the SSNHL risk. RESULTS The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of SSNHL for antidepressant users was 1.36 compared with nonusers in the full cohort study. The aHR for antidepressant users was 1.44 and 1.49 compared with the nonusers in the IPTW and PSM cohorts, respectively. All classes of antidepressants consistently increased the SSNHL risk. Additionally, patients receiving four classes of antidepressants were associated with a much higher SSNHL risk (aHR, 2.05) and those receiving one or two classes of antidepressants had a relatively lower SSNHL risk. CONCLUSION Antidepressants increased SSNHL risk, regardless of their class. Furthermore, patients who took a higher number of antidepressant classes showed an increased risk of developing SSNHL than those who took a lower number of antidepressant classes. Therefore, physicians should estimate the risks and benefits of antidepressant use and avoid prescribing antidepressants concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xun Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsun Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Bin Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wei Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Kao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Schilling A, Tziridis K, Schulze H, Krauss P. The stochastic resonance model of auditory perception: A unified explanation of tinnitus development, Zwicker tone illusion, and residual inhibition. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:139-157. [PMID: 33931176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic resonance (SR) has been proposed to play a major role in auditory perception, and to maintain optimal information transmission from the cochlea to the auditory system. By this, the auditory system could adapt to changes of the auditory input at second or even sub-second timescales. In case of reduced auditory input, somatosensory projections to the dorsal cochlear nucleus would be disinhibited in order to improve hearing thresholds by means of SR. As a side effect, the increased somatosensory input corresponding to the observed tinnitus-associated neuronal hyperactivity is then perceived as tinnitus. In addition, the model can also explain transient phantom tone perceptions occurring after ear plugging, or the Zwicker tone illusion. Vice versa, the model predicts that via stimulation with acoustic noise, SR would not be needed to optimize information transmission, and hence somatosensory noise would be tuned down, resulting in a transient vanishing of tinnitus, an effect referred to as residual inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; FAU Linguistics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Wang S, Chen Z, Dai J, Yu F, Kang H. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of acoustic therapy combined with acupuncture on idiopathic tinnitus: A randomized controlled trial protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23883. [PMID: 33545954 PMCID: PMC7837873 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is no effective treatment for idiopathic tinnitus. Both acoustic therapy and acupuncture have been used in the treatment of idiopathic tinnitus, but the clinical efficacy is quite different. For there is no clinical study combining the 2, the purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acoustic therapy combined with acupuncture in the treatment of idiopathic tinnitus. METHODS: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the effectiveness and safety of acoustic therapy combined with acupuncture in the treatment of idiopathic tinnitus, and is approved by the clinical research ethics committee of our hospital. The patients are randomly divided into one of 2 treatment options: (A) acoustic therapy combined with acupuncture group and (B) simple acupuncture group. Patients, doctors, nurses, and data collection assistants are blinded to group allocation. Observation indicators include: 1. Tinnitus Disability Scale; 2. Loudness visual analog scale; 3. Adverse reactions. Data is analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS version 25.0 (Chicago, IL). DISCUSSION: This protocol will evaluate the efficacy and safety of acoustic therapy combined with acupuncture in the treatment of idiopathic tinnitus. The results of this experiment will provide clinical evidence for the use of acoustic therapy combined with acupuncture in the treatment of idiopathic tinnitus. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study protocol is registered in ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval was not required. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/87VFB.
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19
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Sex-Dependent Aggregation of Tinnitus in Swedish Families. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123812. [PMID: 33255712 PMCID: PMC7760080 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin and adoption studies point towards a genetic contribution to tinnitus; however, how the genetic risk applies to different forms of tinnitus is poorly understood. Here, we perform a familial aggregation study and determine the relative recurrence risk for tinnitus in siblings (λs). Four different Swedish studies (N = 186,598) were used to estimate the prevalence of self-reported bilateral, unilateral, constant, and severe tinnitus in the general population and we defined whether these 4 different forms of tinnitus segregate in families from the Swedish Tinnitus Outreach Project (STOP, N = 2305). We implemented a percentile bootstrap approach to provide accurate estimates and confidence intervals for λs. We reveal a significant λs for all types of tinnitus, the highest found being 7.27 (95% CI (5.56-9.07)) for severe tinnitus, with a higher susceptibility in women (10.25; 95% CI (7.14-13.61)) than in men (5.03; 95% CI (3.22-7.01)), suggesting that severity may be the most genetically influenced trait in tinnitus in a sex-dependent manner. Our findings strongly support the notion that genetic factors impact on the development of tinnitus, more so for severe tinnitus. These findings highlight the importance of considering tinnitus severity and sex in the design of large genetic studies to optimize diagnostic approaches and ultimately improve therapeutic interventions.
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20
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Park HM, Jung J, Kim JK, Lee YJ. Tinnitus and Its Association With Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life in an Older Population: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. J Appl Gerontol 2020; 41:181-186. [PMID: 33090056 DOI: 10.1177/0733464820966512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of tinnitus with mental health and health-related quality of life (QoL) in older people. Data source included 5,129 community-dwelling men and women ≥60 years old from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Tinnitus was categorized into three groups: normal, tolerable tinnitus, and annoying tinnitus. Mental health and health-related QoL were assessed according to three dimensions (depressive mood, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation) and five domains (impaired mobility, impaired self-care, impaired usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mental health and health-related QoL were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses. Annoying tinnitus was positively and independently associated with deteriorated mental health and health-related QoL, suggesting comprehensive care is needed in older people with annoying tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Siemann JK, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Wallace MT. Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2020; 13:1430-1449. [PMID: 32869933 PMCID: PMC7721996 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal sensory responses are a DSM-5 symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and research findings demonstrate altered sensory processing in ASD. Beyond difficulties with processing information within single sensory domains, including both hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, difficulties in multisensory processing are becoming a core issue of focus in ASD. These difficulties may be targeted by treatment approaches such as "sensory integration," which is frequently applied in autism treatment but not yet based on clear evidence. Recently, psychophysical data have emerged to demonstrate multisensory deficits in some children with ASD. Unlike deficits in social communication, which are best understood in humans, sensory and multisensory changes offer a tractable marker of circuit dysfunction that is more easily translated into animal model systems to probe the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Paralleling experimental paradigms that were previously applied in humans and larger mammals, we and others have demonstrated that multisensory function can also be examined behaviorally in rodents. Here, we review the sensory and multisensory difficulties commonly found in ASD, examining laboratory findings that relate these findings across species. Next, we discuss the known neurobiology of multisensory integration, drawing largely on experimental work in larger mammals, and extensions of these paradigms into rodents. Finally, we describe emerging investigations into multisensory processing in genetic mouse models related to autism risk. By detailing findings from humans to mice, we highlight the advantage of multisensory paradigms that can be easily translated across species, as well as the potential for rodent experimental systems to reveal opportunities for novel treatments. LAY SUMMARY: Sensory and multisensory deficits are commonly found in ASD and may result in cascading effects that impact social communication. By using similar experiments to those in humans, we discuss how studies in animal models may allow an understanding of the brain mechanisms that underlie difficulties in multisensory integration, with the ultimate goal of developing new treatments. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1430-1449. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Siemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, New York Presbyterian Hospital, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Keesom SM, Hurley LM. Silence, Solitude, and Serotonin: Neural Mechanisms Linking Hearing Loss and Social Isolation. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060367. [PMID: 32545607 PMCID: PMC7349698 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For social animals that communicate acoustically, hearing loss and social isolation are factors that independently influence social behavior. In human subjects, hearing loss may also contribute to objective and subjective measures of social isolation. Although the behavioral relationship between hearing loss and social isolation is evident, there is little understanding of their interdependence at the level of neural systems. Separate lines of research have shown that social isolation and hearing loss independently target the serotonergic system in the rodent brain. These two factors affect both presynaptic and postsynaptic measures of serotonergic anatomy and function, highlighting the sensitivity of serotonergic pathways to both types of insult. The effects of deficits in both acoustic and social inputs are seen not only within the auditory system, but also in other brain regions, suggesting relatively extensive effects of these deficits on serotonergic regulatory systems. Serotonin plays a much-studied role in depression and anxiety, and may also influence several aspects of auditory cognition, including auditory attention and understanding speech in challenging listening conditions. These commonalities suggest that serotonergic pathways are worthy of further exploration as potential intervening mechanisms between the related conditions of hearing loss and social isolation, and the affective and cognitive dysfunctions that follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Keesom
- Department of Biology, Utica College, Utica, NY 13502, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura M. Hurley
- Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
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23
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Sizemore TR, Hurley LM, Dacks AM. Serotonergic modulation across sensory modalities. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2406-2425. [PMID: 32401124 PMCID: PMC7311732 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00034.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonergic system has been widely studied across animal taxa and different functional networks. This modulatory system is therefore well positioned to compare the consequences of neuromodulation for sensory processing across species and modalities at multiple levels of sensory organization. Serotonergic neurons that innervate sensory networks often bidirectionally exchange information with these networks but also receive input representative of motor events or motivational state. This convergence of information supports serotonin's capacity for contextualizing sensory information according to the animal's physiological state and external events. At the level of sensory circuitry, serotonin can have variable effects due to differential projections across specific sensory subregions, as well as differential serotonin receptor type expression within those subregions. Functionally, this infrastructure may gate or filter sensory inputs to emphasize specific stimulus features or select among different streams of information. The near-ubiquitous presence of serotonin and other neuromodulators within sensory regions, coupled with their strong effects on stimulus representation, suggests that these signaling pathways should be considered integral components of sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Sizemore
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Laura M Hurley
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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24
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Azimi Z, Barzan R, Spoida K, Surdin T, Wollenweber P, Mark MD, Herlitze S, Jancke D. Separable gain control of ongoing and evoked activity in the visual cortex by serotonergic input. eLife 2020; 9:e53552. [PMID: 32252889 PMCID: PMC7138610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling gain of cortical activity is essential to modulate weights between internal ongoing communication and external sensory drive. Here, we show that serotonergic input has separable suppressive effects on the gain of ongoing and evoked visual activity. We combined optogenetic stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) with wide-field calcium imaging, extracellular recordings, and iontophoresis of serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists in the mouse visual cortex. 5-HT1A receptors promote divisive suppression of spontaneous activity, while 5-HT2A receptors act divisively on visual response gain and largely account for normalization of population responses over a range of visual contrasts in awake and anesthetized states. Thus, 5-HT input provides balanced but distinct suppressive effects on ongoing and evoked activity components across neuronal populations. Imbalanced 5-HT1A/2A activation, either through receptor-specific drug intake, genetically predisposed irregular 5-HT receptor density, or change in sensory bombardment may enhance internal broadcasts and reduce sensory drive and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Azimi
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Ruxandra Barzan
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Katharina Spoida
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Tatjana Surdin
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Patric Wollenweber
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Melanie D Mark
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Dirk Jancke
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany
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25
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Boedts MJO. Tympanic Resonance Hypothesis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:14. [PMID: 32117001 PMCID: PMC7008469 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seemingly unrelated symptoms in the head and neck region are eliminated when a patch is applied on specific locations on the Tympanic Membrane. Clinically, two distinct patient populations can be distinguished; cervical and masticatory muscle tensions are involved, and mental moods of anxiety or need. Clinical observations lead to the hypothesis of a “Tympanic Resonance Regulating System.” Its controller, the Trigeminocervical complex, integrates external auditory, somatosensory, and central impulses. It modulates auditory attention, and directs it toward unpredictable external or expected domestic and internal sounds: peripherally by shifting the resonance frequencies of the Tympanic Membrane; centrally by influencing the throughput of auditory information to the neural attention networks that toggle between scanning and focusing; and thus altering the perception of auditory information. The hypothesis leads to the assumption that the Trigeminocervical complex is composed of a dorsal component, and a ventral one which may overlap with the concept of “Trigeminovagal complex.” “Tympanic Dissonance” results in a host of local and distant symptoms, most of which can be attributed to activation of the Trigeminocervical complex. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures for this “Tympanic Dissonance Syndrome” are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O Boedts
- Brai3n, Ghent, Belgium.,ENT Department, AZ Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Cederroth CR, PirouziFard M, Trpchevska N, Idrizbegovic E, Canlon B, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Zöller B. Association of Genetic vs Environmental Factors in Swedish Adoptees With Clinically Significant Tinnitus. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 145:222-229. [PMID: 30653224 PMCID: PMC6439751 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Question Is clinically significant tinnitus associated with genetic factors? Findings In this study of national registry data from 11 060 adoptees, 19 015 adoptive parents, and 17 025 biological parents, a heritability of 32% and no association of shared environment with the transmission of tinnitus were found. Meaning The present study suggests that genetic factors are associated with the familial clustering of severe tinnitus. Importance No effective treatments are currently available for severe tinnitus, which affects 1% of the population and lowers the quality of life. The factors that contribute to the transition from mild to severe tinnitus are poorly known. Before performing genetic analyses and determining the mechanisms involved in the development of severe tinnitus, its heritability needs to be determined. Objectives To examine whether clinically significant tinnitus is associated with genetic factors and to evaluate the genetic risk in the transmission of tinnitus using adoptees. Design, Setting, and Participants Data from adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents from Swedish nationwide registers were collected from January 1, 1964, to December 31, 2015, and used to separate genetic from environmental factors in familial clustering. In all, 11 060 adoptees, 19 015 adoptive parents, and 17 025 biological parents were investigated. The study used a cohort design and a case-control approach to study genetic and nongenetic factors in tinnitus among adoptees. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was odds ratio (OR) of tinnitus in adoptees with at least 1 affected biological parent compared with adoptees without any affected biological parent using logistic regression. The secondary outcome was OR in adoptees with at least 1 affected adoptive parent compared with adoptees without any affected adoptive parent. Results A total of 1029 patients (440 [42.8%] male; mean [SD] age, 62 [14] years) with tinnitus were identified. The prevalence of diagnosed tinnitus was 2.2%. The OR for tinnitus was 2.22 for adoptees (95% CI, 1.03-4.81) of biological parents diagnosed with tinnitus, whereas the OR was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.43-2.32) for adoptees from adoptive parents diagnosed with tinnitus. Mean (SE) heritability determined using tetrachoric correlations was 31% (14%). Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that genetic factors are associated with the familial clustering of clinically significant tinnitus with no shared-environment association, revealing that the transition from negligible to severe tinnitus may be associated with genetic factors. These findings may provide insight for future genetic analyses that focus on severe tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MirNabi PirouziFard
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Natalia Trpchevska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esma Idrizbegovic
- Hörsel-och Balanskliniken, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Canlon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bengt Zöller
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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27
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Kao LT, Shih JH, Yeh CB, Wang CH, Chen HC, Chien WC, Li IH. Association between major depressive disorder and subsequent tinnitus: A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:367-372. [PMID: 31969266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have presented an unclear association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and tinnitus. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to demonstrate the actual association between MDD and new-onset tinnitus using a large, population-based dataset in Taiwan. METHOD This case-control study used the data from the National Health Insurance Database. In total, 18,365 patients with tinnitus were recruited as cases, and 18,365 propensity score-matched patients without tinnitus were identified as controls. Logistic regression models were constructed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and to estimate the association between prior MDD and tinnitus. RESULTS MDD was found in 396 (2.16%) patients with tinnitus and 228 (1.24%) controls without tinnitus. The logistic regression model indicated that prior MDD was associated with tinnitus (adjusted OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.47-2.05). Moreover, MDD was positively associated with tinnitus among most subgroups. Notably, a significant association between MDD and tinnitus was observed among patients with diabetes (adjusted OR, 2.05) and hyperlipidemia (adjusted OR, 1.94). Furthermore, sensitivity analyses consistently found a relationship between prior MDD and tinnitus. LIMITATIONS The database used in this study does not provide information regarding the lifestyle and gene factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a positive association between prior MDD and tinnitus. In addition, MDD may be one of the risk factors for tinnitus onset. Therefore, we recommended that the clinicians should be alert about the tinnitus condition among patients with MDD and provide appropriate interventions for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Kao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Bin Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsun Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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28
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Serotonergic afferents from the dorsal raphe decrease the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the anterior piriform cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3239-3247. [PMID: 31992641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913922117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory system receives extensive serotonergic inputs from the dorsal raphe, a nucleus involved in control of behavior, regulation of mood, and modulation of sensory processing. Although many studies have investigated how serotonin modulates the olfactory bulb, few have focused on the anterior piriform cortex (aPC), a region important for olfactory learning and encoding of odor identity and intensity. Specifically, the mechanism and functional significance of serotonergic modulation of the aPC remain largely unknown. Here we used pharmacologic, optogenetic, and fiber photometry techniques to examine the serotonergic modulation of neural activity in the aPC in vitro and in vivo. We found that serotonin (5-HT) reduces the excitability of pyramidal neurons directly via 5-HT2C receptors, phospholipase C, and calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels. Furthermore, endogenous serotonin attenuates odor-evoked calcium responses in aPC pyramidal neurons. These findings identify the mechanism underlying serotonergic modulation of the aPC and shed light on its potential role.
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29
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Miliano C, Marti M, Pintori N, Castelli MP, Tirri M, Arfè R, De Luca MA. Neurochemical and Behavioral Profiling in Male and Female Rats of the Psychedelic Agent 25I-NBOMe. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1406. [PMID: 31915427 PMCID: PMC6921684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25I-NBOMe), commonly called “N-Bomb,” is a synthetic phenethylamine with psychedelic and entactogenic effects; it was available on the Internet both as a legal alternative to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and as a surrogate of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), but now it has been scheduled among controlled substances. 25I-NBOMe acts as full agonist on serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors. Users are often unaware of ingesting fake LSD, and several cases of intoxication and fatalities have been reported. In humans, overdoses of “N-Bomb” can cause tachycardia, hypertension, seizures, and agitation. Preclinical studies have not yet widely investigated the rewarding properties and behavioral effects of this compound in both sexes. Therefore, by in vivo microdialysis, we evaluated the effects of 25I-NBOMe on dopaminergic (DA) and serotonergic (5-HT) transmissions in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core, and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male and female rats. Moreover, we investigated the effect of 25I-NBOMe on sensorimotor modifications as well as body temperature, nociception, and startle/prepulse inhibition (PPI). We showed that administration of 25I-NBOMe affects DA transmission in the NAc shell in both sexes, although showing different patterns; moreover, this compound causes impaired visual responses in both sexes, whereas core temperature is heavily affected in females, and the highest dose tested exerts an analgesic effect prominent in male rats. Indeed, this drug is able to impair the startle amplitude with the same extent in both sexes and inhibits the PPI in male and female rats. Our study fills the gap of knowledge on the behavioral effects of 25I-NBOMe and the risks associated with its ingestion; it focuses the attention on sex differences that might be useful to understand the trend of consumption as well as to recognize and treat intoxication and overdose symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Miliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Universirty of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Universirty of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Arfè
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Universirty of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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30
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Császár-Nagy N, Kapócs G, Bókkon I. Classic psychedelics: the special role of the visual system. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:651-669. [PMID: 30939118 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we briefly overview the various aspects of classic serotonergic hallucinogens reported by a number of studies. One of the key hypotheses of our paper is that the visual effects of psychedelics might play a key role in resetting fears. Namely, we especially focus on visual processes because they are among the most prominent features of hallucinogen-induced hallucinations. We hypothesize that our brain has an ancient visual-based (preverbal) intrinsic cognitive process that, during the transient inhibition of top-down convergent and abstract thinking (mediated by the prefrontal cortex) by psychedelics, can neutralize emotional fears of unconscious and conscious life experiences from the past. In these processes, the decreased functional integrity of the self-referencing processes of the default mode network, the modified multisensory integration (linked to bodily self-consciousness and self-awareness), and the modified amygdala activity may also play key roles. Moreover, the emotional reset (elimination of stress-related emotions) by psychedelics may induce psychological changes and overwrite the stress-related neuroepigenetic information of past unconscious and conscious emotional fears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Császár-Nagy
- National University of Public Services, Budapest, Hungary.,Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kapócs
- Saint John Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Bókkon
- Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary.,Vision Research Institute, Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Lowell, MA, USA
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31
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Yokokura M, Terada T, Bunai T, Nakaizumi K, Kato Y, Yoshikawa E, Futatsubashi M, Suzuki K, Yamasue H, Ouchi Y. Alterations in serotonin transporter and body image-related cognition in anorexia nervosa. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101928. [PMID: 31491815 PMCID: PMC6627582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). A recent report proposed that body image distortion (BID), a core symptom of AN, may relate to abnormalities of the serotonin system, especially the serotonin transporter (5HTT). Positron emission tomography (PET) studies of underweight patients with active AN reported alterations in serotonin receptors, but not 5HTT. Here, we aimed to disclose the clinicopathophysiology of AN by focusing on 5HTT and cognitive functions, including BID, in groups with active AN. Twenty-two underweight female patients with AN (12 restricting-type AN (ANR); 10 binge-eating/purging-type AN (ANBP)) and 20 age-matched healthy female subjects underwent PET with a 5HTT radioligand [11C]DASB. The binding potential (BPND) of [11C]DASB was estimated semiquantitatively, and clinical data from Raven's colored progressive matrices for general intelligence, the Stroop test for focused attention, the Iowa gambling task for decision making and a dot-probe task designed for BID were compared with the levels of BPND in different groups. [11C]DASB BPND was significantly decreased in the medial parietal cortex in patients with AN and in the dorsal raphe in patients with ANR compared with healthy subjects (p < .05 corrected). Patients with ANR showed a significantly negative correlation between [11C]DASB BPND in the dorsal raphe and performance on the dot-probe task (p < .05 corrected). While reduced 5HTT in the medial parietal cortex (the somatosensory association area) is pathophysiologically important in AN in general, additional 5HTT reduction in the dorsal raphe as seen in ANR is implicated for the clinicopathophysiological relevance. 5HTT decreased in the parietal cortex in patients with AN. 5HTT decreased in the parietal cortex in patients with ANBP. 5HTT decreased in the parietal cortex and the dorsal raphe in patients with ANR. Patients with AN were poor at responding to the test for body image distortion (BID). 5HTT in the dorsal raphe was associated with cognitive performance of BID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Yokokura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Bunai
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakaizumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Etsuji Yoshikawa
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masami Futatsubashi
- Hamamatsu PET Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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32
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Fleming E, Hull C. Serotonin regulates dynamics of cerebellar granule cell activity by modulating tonic inhibition. J Neurophysiol 2018; 121:105-114. [PMID: 30281395 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00492.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how afferent information is integrated by cortical structures requires identifying the factors shaping excitation and inhibition within their input layers. The input layer of the cerebellar cortex integrates diverse sensorimotor information to enable learned associations that refine the dynamics of movement. Specifically, mossy fiber afferents relay sensorimotor input into the cerebellum to excite granule cells, whose activity is regulated by inhibitory Golgi cells. To test how this integration can be modulated, we have used an acute brain slice preparation from young adult rats and found that encoding of mossy fiber input in the cerebellar granule cell layer can be regulated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) via a specific action on Golgi cells. We find that 5-HT depolarizes Golgi cells, likely by activating 5-HT2A receptors, but does not directly act on either granule cells or mossy fibers. As a result of Golgi cell depolarization, 5-HT significantly increases tonic inhibition onto both granule cells and Golgi cells. 5-HT-mediated Golgi cell depolarization is not sufficient, however, to alter the probability or timing of mossy fiber-evoked feed-forward inhibition onto granule cells. Together, increased granule cell tonic inhibition paired with normal feed-forward inhibition acts to reduce granule cell spike probability without altering spike timing. Hence, these data provide a circuit mechanism by which 5-HT can reduce granule cell activity without altering temporal representations of mossy fiber input. Such changes in network integration could enable flexible, state-specific suppression of cerebellar sensorimotor input that should not be learned or enable reversal learning for unwanted associations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) regulates synaptic integration at the input stage of cerebellar processing by increasing tonic inhibition of granule cells. This circuit mechanism reduces the probability of granule cell spiking without altering spike timing, thus suppressing cerebellar input without altering its temporal representation in the granule cell layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fleming
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Court Hull
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School , Durham, North Carolina
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33
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Keesom SM, Morningstar MD, Sandlain R, Wise BM, Hurley LM. Social isolation reduces serotonergic fiber density in the inferior colliculus of female, but not male, mice. Brain Res 2018; 1694:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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34
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Krauss P, Tziridis K, Schilling A, Schulze H. Cross-Modal Stochastic Resonance as a Universal Principle to Enhance Sensory Processing. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:578. [PMID: 30186104 PMCID: PMC6110899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Krauss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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35
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Shapiro ZR, Cerasiello S, Hartshorne L, Matell MS. 5-HT1a Receptor Involvement in Temporal Memory and the Response to Temporal Ambiguity. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:439. [PMID: 30018532 PMCID: PMC6037720 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that rats trained on the peak-interval procedure to associate two different cues with two different fixed interval schedules will generate a scalar peak function at an intermediate time when presented with the compound cue. This response pattern has been interpreted as resulting from the simultaneous retrieval of different temporal memories, and a consequential averaging process to resolve the ambiguity. In the present set of studies, we investigated the role that serotonin 1a receptors play in this process. In Experiment 1, rats were trained on a peak-interval procedure to associate the interoceptive states induced by saline and the 5-HT1a agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, with a 5 s or 20 s fixed-interval schedule signaled by the same tone cue (counter-balanced). While peak functions following administration of saline were centered at the appropriate time (5 s or 20 s), peak functions following administration of the agonist were centered around 7 s, irrespective of the reinforced time during training, suggesting agonist-induced disruption in selective temporal memory retrieval, resulting in increased ambiguity regarding the appropriate time at which to respond. In Experiment 2, rats were trained in a peak-interval procedure to associate a tone cue with a 10 s fixed interval and a light cue with a 20 s fixed interval. Administration of the 5-HT1a antagonist, WAY-100635, had no impact on timing when single cues were presented, but altered the intermediate, scalar, response to the stimulus compound, suggesting antagonist-induced disruption in the processes used to deal with temporal memory ambiguity. Together, these data suggest that manipulations of 5HT transmission at the 5-HT1a receptor cause changes in the temporal pattern of responding that are consistent with alterations in temporal memory processes and responses to temporal ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi R Shapiro
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Samantha Cerasiello
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Loryn Hartshorne
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Matthew S Matell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
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Nakai N, Takumi T, Nakai J, Sato M. Common Defects of Spine Dynamics and Circuit Function in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Findings From in Vivo Optical Imaging of Mouse Models. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:412. [PMID: 29970983 PMCID: PMC6018076 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo optical imaging is a powerful tool for revealing brain structure and function at both the circuit and cellular levels. Here, we provide a systematic review of findings obtained from in vivo imaging studies of mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders, including the monogenic disorders fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Angelman syndrome, which are caused by genetic abnormalities of FMR1, MECP2, and UBE3A, as well as disorders caused by copy number variations (15q11-13 duplication and 22q11.2 deletion) and BTBR mice as an inbred strain model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most studies visualize the structural and functional responsiveness of cerebral cortical neurons to sensory stimuli and the developmental and experience-dependent changes in these responses as a model of brain functions affected by these disorders. The optical imaging techniques include two-photon microscopy of fluorescently labeled dendritic spines or neurons loaded with fluorescent calcium indicators and macroscopic imaging of cortical activity using calcium indicators, voltage-sensitive dyes or intrinsic optical signals. Studies have revealed alterations in the density, stability, and turnover of dendritic spines, aberrant cortical sensory responses, impaired inhibitory function, and concomitant failure of circuit maturation as common causes for neurological deficits. Mechanistic hypotheses derived from in vivo imaging also provide new directions for therapeutic interventions. For instance, it was recently demonstrated that early postnatal administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) restores impaired cortical inhibitory function and ameliorates the aberrant social behaviors in a mouse model of ASD. We discuss the potential use of SSRIs for treating ASDs in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junichi Nakai
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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