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Siniscalco ER, Williams A, Eisenbarth SC. All roads lead to IgA: Mapping the many pathways of IgA induction in the gut. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39046160 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of food allergy and related pathologies in recent years has underscored the need to understand the factors affecting adverse reactions to food. Food allergy is caused when food-specific IgE triggers the release of histamine from mast cells. However, other food-specific antibody isotypes exist as well, including IgG and IgA. IgA is the main antibody isotype in the gut and mediates noninflammatory reactions to toxins, commensal bacteria, and food antigens. It has also been thought to induce tolerance to food, thus antagonizing the role of food-specific IgE. However, this has remained unclear as food-specific IgA generation is poorly understood. Particularly, the location of IgA induction, the role of T cell help, and the fates of food-specific B cells remain elusive. In this review, we outline what is known about food-specific IgA induction and highlight areas requiring further study. We also explore how knowledge of food-specific IgA induction can be informed by and subsequently contribute to our overall knowledge of gut immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Siniscalco
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam Williams
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Department Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Department Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Gao L, Li H, Liu X, Li H, Li P, Lu W, Xie X, Lv J, Jin J. Humoral immune responses primed by the alteration of gut microbiota were associated with galactose-deficient IgA1 production in IgA nephropathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1415026. [PMID: 39104521 PMCID: PMC11298704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Galactose-deficient IgA1 (GdIgA1) is critical in the formation of immunodeposits in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), whereas the origin of GdIgA1 is unknown. We focused on the immune response to fecal microbiota in patients with IgAN. Methods By running 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we compared IgAN samples to the control samples from household-matched or non-related individuals. Levels of plasma GdIgA1 and poly-IgA complexes were measured, and candidate microbes that can either incite IgA-directed antibody response or degrade IgA through specific IgA protease activities were identified. Results The IgAN group showed a distinct composition of fecal microbiota as compared to healthy controls. Particularly, high abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was associated with the disease group based on analyses using receiver operating characteristic (area under curve, 0.837; 95% CI, 0.738-0.914), principle coordinates, and the linear discriminant analysis effect size algorithm (linear discriminant analysis score, 4.56; p < 0.001). Accordingly, the bacterial levels directly correlated with high titers of plasma GdIgA1(r = 0.36, p < 0.001), and patients had higher IgA1 against stx2(2.88 ± 0.46 IU/mL vs. 1.34 ± 0.35 IU/mL, p = 0.03), the main antigen of Escherichia-Shigella. Conversely, the healthy controls showed relatively higher abundance of the commensal bacteria that produce IgA-degrading proteases. Particularly, the abundance of some intestinal bacteria expressing IgA proteases showed an inverse correlation with the levels of plasma GdIgA1 in IgAN. Conclusion Our data suggest that mucosal IgA production, including those of GdIgA1, is potentially linked to the humoral response to gut Escherichia-Shigella as one of the sources of plasma GdIgA1. Conversely, the IgA protease-producing microbiota in the gut are suppressed in patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huixian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peiqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanhong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinfang Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jicheng Lv
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Medicine-Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Lê Quý K, Chernigovskaya M, Stensland M, Singh S, Leem J, Revale S, Yadin DA, Nice FL, Povall C, Minns DH, Galson JD, Nyman TA, Snapkow I, Greiff V. Benchmarking and integrating human B-cell receptor genomic and antibody proteomic profiling. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:73. [PMID: 38997321 PMCID: PMC11245537 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Ig), which exist either as B-cell receptors (BCR) on the surface of B cells or as antibodies when secreted, play a key role in the recognition and response to antigenic threats. The capability to jointly characterize the BCR and antibody repertoire is crucial for understanding human adaptive immunity. From peripheral blood, bulk BCR sequencing (bulkBCR-seq) currently provides the highest sampling depth, single-cell BCR sequencing (scBCR-seq) allows for paired chain characterization, and antibody peptide sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry (Ab-seq) provides information on the composition of secreted antibodies in the serum. Yet, it has not been benchmarked to what extent the datasets generated by these three technologies overlap and complement each other. To address this question, we isolated peripheral blood B cells from healthy human donors and sequenced BCRs at bulk and single-cell levels, in addition to utilizing publicly available sequencing data. Integrated analysis was performed on these datasets, resolved by replicates and across individuals. Simultaneously, serum antibodies were isolated, digested with multiple proteases, and analyzed with Ab-seq. Systems immunology analysis showed high concordance in repertoire features between bulk and scBCR-seq within individuals, especially when replicates were utilized. In addition, Ab-seq identified clonotype-specific peptides using both bulk and scBCR-seq library references, demonstrating the feasibility of combining scBCR-seq and Ab-seq for reconstructing paired-chain Ig sequences from the serum antibody repertoire. Collectively, our work serves as a proof-of-principle for combining bulk sequencing, single-cell sequencing, and mass spectrometry as complementary methods towards capturing humoral immunity in its entirety.
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Grants
- The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (#2019PG-T1D011, to VG), UiO World-Leading Research Community (to VG), UiO: LifeScience Convergence Environment Immunolingo (to VG), EU Horizon 2020 iReceptorplus (#825821) (to VG), a Norwegian Cancer Society Grant (#215817, to VG), Research Council of Norway projects (#300740, (#311341, #331890 to VG), a Research Council of Norway IKTPLUSS project (#311341, to VG). This project has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 101007799 (Inno4Vac). This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA (to VG).
- Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses were performed by the Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo/Oslo University Hospital, which is supported by the Core Facilities program of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority. This core facility is also a member of the National Network of Advanced Proteomics Infrastructure (NAPI), which is funded by the Research Council of Norway INFRASTRUKTUR-program (project number: 295910).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang Lê Quý
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Chernigovskaya
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Stensland
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sachin Singh
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tuula A Nyman
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Igor Snapkow
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Risnes LF, Reims HM, Doyle RM, Qiao SW, Sollid LM, Lundin KEA, Christophersen A. Gluten-Free Diet Induces Rapid Changes in Phenotype and Survival Properties of Gluten-Specific T Cells in Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:250-263. [PMID: 38552723 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The treatment of celiac disease (CeD) with gluten-free diet (GFD) normalizes gut inflammation and disease-specific antibodies. CeD patients have HLA-restricted, gluten-specific T cells persisting in the blood and gut even after decades of GFD, which are reactivated and disease driving upon gluten exposure. Our aim was to examine the transition of activated gluten-specific T cells into a pool of persisting memory T cells concurrent with normalization of clinically relevant biomarkers during the first year of treatment. METHODS We followed 17 CeD patients during their initial GFD year, leading to disease remission. We assessed activation and frequency of gluten-specific CD4+ blood and gut T cells with HLA-DQ2.5:gluten tetramers and flow cytometry, disease-specific serology, histology, and symptom scores. We assessed gluten-specific blood T cells within the first 3 weeks of GFD in 6 patients and serology in an additional 9 patients. RESULTS Gluten-specific CD4+ T cells peaked in blood at day 14 while up-regulating Bcl-2 and down-regulating Ki-67 and then decreased in frequency within 10 weeks of GFD. CD38, ICOS, HLA-DR, and Ki-67 decreased in gluten-specific cells within 3 days. PD-1, CD39, and OX40 expression persisted even after 12 months. IgA-transglutaminase 2 decreased significantly within 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS GFD induces rapid changes in the phenotype and number of gluten-specific CD4+ blood T cells, including a peak of nonproliferating, nonapoptotic cells at day 14. Subsequent alterations in T-cell phenotype associate with the quiescent but chronic nature of treated CeD. The rapid changes affecting gluten-specific T cells and disease-specific antibodies offer opportunities for clinical trials aiming at developing nondietary treatments for patients with newly diagnosed CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Risnes
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik M Reims
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ronan M Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Christophersen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Abadie V, Han AS, Jabri B, Sollid LM. New Insights on Genes, Gluten, and Immunopathogenesis of Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:4-22. [PMID: 38670280 PMCID: PMC11283582 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a gluten-induced enteropathy that develops in genetically susceptible individuals upon consumption of cereal gluten proteins. It is a unique and complex immune disorder to study as the driving antigen is known and the tissue targeted by the immune reaction can be interrogated. This review integrates findings gained from genetic, biochemical, and immunologic studies, which together have revealed mechanisms of gluten peptide modification and HLA binding, thereby enabling a maladapted anti-gluten immune response. Observations in human samples combined with experimental mouse models have revealed that the gluten-induced immune response involves CD4+ T cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and B cells; their cross-talks are critical for the tissue-damaging response. The emergence of high-throughput technologies is increasing our understanding of the phenotype, location, and presumably function of the gluten-specific cells, which are all required to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Abadie
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Section of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Arnold S Han
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Section of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Zhao M, Liang X, Meng Y, Lu H, Lin K, Gong P, Liu T, Yi H, Pan J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Probiotics induce intestinal IgA secretion in weanling mice potentially through promoting intestinal APRIL expression and modulating the gut microbiota composition. Food Funct 2024; 15:4862-4873. [PMID: 38587236 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal infections are strongly associated with infant mortality, and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) is important to protect infants from intestinal infections after weaning. This study aims to screen probiotics that can promote the production of intestinal IgA after weaning and further explore their potential mechanisms of action. In this study, probiotics promoting intestinal IgA production were screened in weanling mouse models. The results showed that oral administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum) FL228.1 and Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum) FL276.1 significantly enhanced IgA levels in the small intestine and upregulated the expression of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and its upstream regulatory factor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Furthermore, B. bifidum FL228.1 upregulated the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, while B. bifidum FL276.1 increased the relative abundance of Marvinbryantia and decreased Mucispirillum, further elevating intestinal IgA levels. In summary, B. bifidum FL228.1 and B. bifidum FL276.1 can induce IgA production in the intestinal tract of weanling mice by promoting intestinal APRIL expression and mediating changes in the gut microbiota, thus playing a significant role in enhancing local intestinal immunity in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xi Liang
- College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yang Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Haiyan Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Kai Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Jiancun Pan
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Yongjiu Zhang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Lindeman I, Høydahl LS, Christophersen A, Risnes LF, Jahnsen J, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Iversen R. Generation of circulating autoreactive pre-plasma cells fueled by naive B cells in celiac disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114045. [PMID: 38578826 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are characteristic of celiac disease (CeD), and TG2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A plasma cells are abundant in gut biopsies of patients. Here, we describe the corresponding population of autoreactive B cells in blood. Circulating TG2-specific IgA cells are present in untreated patients on a gluten-containing diet but not in controls. They are clonally related to TG2-specific small intestinal plasma cells, and they express gut-homing molecules, indicating that they are plasma cell precursors. Unlike other IgA-switched cells, the TG2-specific cells are negative for CD27, placing them in the double-negative (IgD-CD27-) category. They have a plasmablast or activated memory B cell phenotype, and they harbor fewer variable region mutations than other IgA cells. Based on their similarity to naive B cells, we propose that autoreactive IgA cells in CeD are generated mainly through chronic recruitment of naive B cells via an extrafollicular response involving gluten-specific CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lindeman
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Christophersen
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise F Risnes
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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Bladh O, Aguilera K, Marking U, Kihlgren M, Greilert Norin N, Smed-Sörensen A, Sällberg Chen M, Klingström J, Blom K, Russell MW, Havervall S, Thålin C, Åberg M. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in nasal secretions, saliva and serum. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346749. [PMID: 38558811 PMCID: PMC10978617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several novel vaccine platforms aim at mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Standardized methods for mucosal sample collection and quantification of mucosal antibodies are therefore urgently needed for harmonized comparisons and interpretations across mucosal vaccine trials and real-world data. Methods Using commercial electrochemiluminescence antibody panels, we compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in paired saliva, nasal secretions, and serum from 1048 healthcare workers with and without prior infection. Results Spike-specific IgA correlated well in nasal secretions and saliva (r>0.65, p<0.0001), but the levels were more than three-fold higher in nasal secretions as compared to in saliva (p<0.01). Correlations between the total population of spike-specific IgA and spike-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) were significantly stronger (p<0.0001) in nasal secretions (r=0.96, p<0.0001) as opposed to in saliva (r=0.77, p<0.0001), and spike-specific IgA correlated stronger (p<0.0001) between serum and saliva (r=0.73, p<0.001) as opposed to between serum and nasal secretions (r=0.54, p<0.001), suggesting transudation of monomeric spike specific IgA from the circulation to saliva. Notably, spike-specific SIgA had a markedly higher SARS-CoV-2 variant cross-binding capacity as compared to the total population of spike specific IgA and IgG in both nasal secretions, saliva and serum, (all p<0.0001), which emphasizes the importance of taking potential serum derived monomeric IgA into consideration when investigating mucosal immune responses. Discussion Taken together, although spike-specific IgA can be reliably measured in both nasal secretions and saliva, our findings imply an advantage of higher levels and likely also a larger proportion of SIgA in nasal secretions as compared to in saliva. We further corroborate the superior variant cross-binding capacity of SIgA in mucosal secretions, highlighting the potential protective benefits of a vaccine targeting the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bladh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherina Aguilera
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Marking
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Martha Kihlgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Greilert Norin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret Sällberg Chen
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kim Blom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Michael W. Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sebastian Havervall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Thålin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and SciLifeLab Affinity Proteomics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Leontieva G, Gupalova T, Desheva Y, Kramskaya T, Bormotova E, Koroleva I, Kopteva O, Suvorov A. Evaluation of Immune Response to Mucosal Immunization with an Oral Probiotic-Based Vaccine in Mice: Potential for Prime-Boost Immunization against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:215. [PMID: 38203387 PMCID: PMC10779021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the persistent genetic variability in the virus and its ongoing circulation within the global population necessitate the enhancement of existing preventive vaccines and the development of novel ones. A while back, we engineered an orally administered probiotic-based vaccine, L3-SARS, by integrating a gene fragment that encodes the spike protein S of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the genome of the probiotic strain E. faecium L3, inducing the expression of viral antigen on the surface of bacteria. Previous studies demonstrated the efficacy of this vaccine candidate in providing protection against the virus in Syrian hamsters. In this present study, utilizing laboratory mice, we assess the immune response subsequent to immunization via the gastrointestinal mucosa and discuss its potential as an initial phase in a two-stage vaccination strategy. Our findings indicate that the oral administration of L3-SARS elicits an adaptive immune response in mice. Pre-immunization with L3-SARS enhances and prolongs the humoral immune response following a single subcutaneous immunization with a recombinant S-protein analogous to the S-insert of the coronavirus in Enterococcus faecium L3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yulia Desheva
- Scientific and Educational Center, Molecular Bases of Interaction of Microorganisms and Human of the World-Class Research Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, FSBSI, IEM, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (G.L.); (T.G.); (T.K.); (E.B.); (I.K.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
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10
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Das S, Stamnaes J, Kemppainen E, Hervonen K, Lundin KEA, Parmar N, Jahnsen FL, Jahnsen J, Lindfors K, Salmi T, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Separate Gut Plasma Cell Populations Produce Auto-Antibodies against Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300401. [PMID: 37424036 PMCID: PMC10477854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an inflammatory skin disorder often considered as an extra intestinal manifestation of celiac disease (CeD). Hallmarks of CeD and DH are auto-antibodies to transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and transglutaminase 3 (TG3), respectively. DH patients have auto-antibodies reactive with both transglutaminase enzymes. Here it is reported that in DH both gut plasma cells and serum auto-antibodies are specific for either TG2 or TG3 with no TG2-TG3 cross reactivity. By generating monoclonal antibodies from TG3-specific duodenal plasma cells of DH patients, three conformational epitope groups are defined. Both TG2-specific and TG3-specific gut plasma cells have few immunoglobulin (Ig) mutations, and the two transglutaminase-reactive populations show distinct selection of certain heavy and light chain V-genes. Mass spectrometry analysis of TG3-specific serum IgA corroborates preferential usage of IGHV2-5 in combination with IGKV4-1. Collectively, these results demonstrate parallel induction of anti-TG2 and anti-TG3 auto-antibody responses involving separate B-cell populations in DH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saykat Das
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Esko Kemppainen
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Kaisa Hervonen
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
- Department of DermatologyTampere University HospitalTampere33520Finland
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Department of GastroenterologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oslo and Institute of Clinical MedicineOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Frode L. Jahnsen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oslo and Institute of Clinical MedicineOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of GastroenterologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskog1478Norway
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Teea Salmi
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
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11
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Hertz T, Levy S, Ostrovsky D, Oppenheimer H, Zismanov S, Kuzmina A, Friedman LM, Trifkovic S, Brice D, Chun-Yang L, Cohen-Lavi L, Shemer-Avni Y, Cohen-Lahav M, Amichay D, Keren-Naus A, Voloshin O, Weber G, Najjar-Debbiny R, Chazan B, McGargill MA, Webby R, Chowers M, Novack L, Novack V, Taube R, Nesher L, Weinstein O. Correlates of protection for booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4575. [PMID: 37516771 PMCID: PMC10387073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, especially with multiple doses, provides substantial population-level protection against COVID-19, but emerging variants of concern (VOC) and waning immunity represent significant risks at the individual level. Here we identify correlates of protection (COP) in a multicenter prospective study following 607 healthy individuals who received three doses of the Pfizer-BNT162b2 vaccine approximately six months prior to enrollment. We compared 242 individuals who received a fourth dose to 365 who did not. Within 90 days of enrollment, 239 individuals contracted COVID-19, 45% of the 3-dose group and 30% of the four-dose group. The fourth dose elicited a significant rise in antibody binding and neutralizing titers against multiple VOCs reducing the risk of symptomatic infection by 37% [95%CI, 15%-54%]. However, a group of individuals, characterized by low baseline titers of binding antibodies, remained susceptible to infection despite significantly increased neutralizing antibody titers upon boosting. A combination of reduced IgG levels to RBD mutants and reduced VOC-recognizing IgA antibodies represented the strongest COP in both the 3-dose group (HR = 6.34, p = 0.008) and four-dose group (HR = 8.14, p = 0.018). We validated our findings in an independent second cohort. In summary combination IgA and IgG baseline binding antibody levels may identify individuals most at risk from future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Hertz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA.
| | - Shlomia Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Ostrovsky
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, and the faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hanna Oppenheimer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shosh Zismanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alona Kuzmina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lilach M Friedman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sanja Trifkovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David Brice
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lin Chun-Yang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Liel Cohen-Lavi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonat Shemer-Avni
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Laboratory of Virology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen-Lahav
- Laboratory of Management, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Doron Amichay
- Central Laboratory, Clalit Health Services & Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Ayelet Keren-Naus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Laboratory of Virology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Olga Voloshin
- Laboratory of Virology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gabriel Weber
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronza Najjar-Debbiny
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bibiana Chazan
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Maureen A McGargill
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michal Chowers
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Lena Novack
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, and the faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Victor Novack
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, and the faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ran Taube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Lior Nesher
- Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheba, Israel.
| | - Orly Weinstein
- Dept. of Health systems management, faculty of health sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Hospital division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Hensvold A, Horuluoglu B, Sahlström P, Thyagarajan R, Diaz Boada JS, Hansson M, Mathsson-Alm L, Gerstner C, Sippl N, Israelsson L, Wedin R, Steen J, Klareskog L, Réthi B, Catrina AI, Diaz-Gallo LM, Malmström V, Grönwall C. The human bone marrow plasma cell compartment in rheumatoid arthritis - Clonal relationships and anti-citrulline autoantibody producing cells. J Autoimmun 2023; 136:103022. [PMID: 37001434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A majority of circulating IgG is produced by plasma cells residing in the bone marrow (BM). Long-lived BM plasma cells constitute our humoral immune memory and are essential for infection-specific immunity. They may also provide a reservoir of potentially pathogenic autoantibodies, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA). Here we investigated paired human BM plasma cell and peripheral blood (PB) B-cell repertoires in seropositive RA, four ACPA+ RA patients and one ACPA- using two different single-cell approaches, flow cytometry sorting, and transcriptomics, followed by recombinant antibody generation. Immunoglobulin (Ig) analysis of >900 paired heavy-light chains from BM plasma cells identified by either surface CD138 expression or transcriptome profiles (including gene expression of MZB1, JCHAIN and XBP1) demonstrated differences in IgG/A repertoires and N-linked glycosylation between patients. For three patients, we identified clonotypes shared between BM plasma cells and PB memory B cells. Notably, four individuals displayed plasma cells with identical heavy chains but different light chains, which may indicate receptor revision or clonal convergence. ACPA-producing BM plasma cells were identified in two ACPA+ patients. Three of 44 recombinantly expressed monoclonal antibodies from ACPA+ RA BM plasma cells were CCP2+, specifically binding to citrullinated peptides. Out of these, two clones reacted with citrullinated histone-4 and activated neutrophils. In conclusion, single-cell investigation of B-cell repertoires in RA bone marrow provided new understanding of human plasma cells clonal relationships and demonstrated pathogenically relevant disease-associated autoantibody expression in long-lived plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aase Hensvold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Begum Horuluoglu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Sahlström
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Radha Thyagarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Sebastian Diaz Boada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Hansson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Mathsson-Alm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina Gerstner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Sippl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Israelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Wedin
- Department of Trauma and Reparative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Johanna Steen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Réthi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina-Marcela Diaz-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Grönwall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Sollid LM, Iversen R. Tango of B cells with T cells in the making of secretory antibodies to gut bacteria. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:120-128. [PMID: 36056203 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric IgA and IgM are transported across the epithelial barrier from plasma cells in the lamina propria to exert a function in the gut lumen as secretory antibodies. Many secretory antibodies are reactive with the gut bacteria, and mounting evidence suggests that these antibodies are important for the host to control gut bacterial communities. However, we have incomplete knowledge of how bacteria-reactive secretory antibodies are formed. Antibodies from gut plasma cells often show bacterial cross-species reactivity, putting the degree of specificity behind anti-bacterial antibody responses into question. Such cross-species reactive antibodies frequently recognize non-genome-encoded membrane glycan structures. On the other hand, the T cell epitopes are peptides encoded in the bacterial genomes, thereby allowing a higher degree of predictable specificity on the T cell side of anti-bacterial immune responses. In this Perspective, we argue that the production of bacteria-reactive secretory antibodies is mainly controlled by the antigen specificity of T cells, which provide help to B cells. To be able to harness this system (for instance, for manipulation with vaccines), we need to obtain insight into the bacterial epitopes recognized by T cells in addition to characterizing the reactivity of the antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Abstract
Among human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated disorders, celiac disease has an immunopathogenesis that is particularly well understood. The condition is characterized by hypersensitivity to cereal gluten proteins, and the disease lesion is localized in the gut. Still, the diagnosis can be made by detection of highly disease-specific autoantibodies to transglutaminase 2 in the blood. We now have mechanistic insights into how the disease-predisposing HLA-DQ molecules, via presentation of posttranslationally modified gluten peptides, are connected to the generation of these autoantibodies. This review presents our current understanding of the immunobiology of this common disorder that is positioned in the border zone between food hypersensitivity and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Iversen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Molina Estupiñan JL, Aradottir Pind AA, Foroutan Pajoohian P, Jonsdottir I, Bjarnarson SP. The adjuvants dmLT and mmCT enhance humoral immune responses to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine after both parenteral or mucosal immunization of neonatal mice. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1078904. [PMID: 36741402 PMCID: PMC9896006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1078904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immaturity of the neonatal immune system contributes to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and poor vaccine responses. Therefore, better strategies for early life vaccination are needed. Adjuvants can enhance the magnitude and duration of immune responses. In this study we assessed the effects of the adjuvants dmLT and mmCT and different immunization routes, subcutaneous (s.c.) and intranasal (i.n.), on neonatal immune response to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Pn1-CRM197. Pn1-specific antibody (Ab) levels of neonatal mice immunized with Pn1-CRM197 alone were low. The adjuvants enhanced IgG Ab responses up to 8 weeks after immunization, more after s.c. than i.n. immunization. On the contrary, i.n. immunization with either adjuvant enhanced serum and salivary IgA levels more than s.c. immunization. In addition, both dmLT and mmCT enhanced germinal center formation and accordingly, dmLT and mmCT enhanced the induction and persistence of Pn1-specific IgG+ Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) in spleen and bone marrow (BM), irrespective of the immunization route. Furthermore, i.n. immunization enhanced Pn1-specific IgA+ ASCs in BM more than s.c. immunizatiofimmu.2022.1078904n. However, a higher i.n. dose of the Pn1-CRM197 was needed to achieve IgG response comparable to that elicited by s.c. immunization with either adjuvant. We conclude that dmLT and mmCT enhance both induction and persistence of the neonatal immune response to the vaccine Pn1-CRM197, following mucosal or parenteral immunization. This indicates that dmLT and mmCT are promising adjuvants for developing safe and effective early life vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lorena Molina Estupiñan
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Audur Anna Aradottir Pind
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Poorya Foroutan Pajoohian
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stefania P. Bjarnarson
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,*Correspondence: Stefania P. Bjarnarson,
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16
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Lai D, Xue J, He P, Jiang H, Li Y, Ma M, Hong W, Yu J, Wei H, Tao S. Longitudinal neutralization activities on authentic Omicron variant provided by three doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccination during one year. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200306. [PMID: 36205637 PMCID: PMC9874883 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The majority of people in China have been immunized with the inactivated viral vaccine BBIBP-CorV. The emergence of the Omicron variant raised the concerns about protection efficacy of the inactivated viral vaccine in China. However, longitudinal neutralization data describing protection efficacy against Omicron variant is still lacking. Here we present one-year longitudinal neutralization data of BBIBP-CorV on authentic Omicron, Delta, and wild-type strains using 224 sera collected from 14 volunteers who have finished three doses BBIBP-CorV. The sera were also subjected for monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG, IgA, and IgM responses on protein and peptide microarrays. The neutralization titers showed different protection efficacies against the three strains. By incorporating IgG and IgA signals of proteins and Spike protein derived peptide on microarray, panels as potential surrogate biomarkers for rapid estimation of neutralization titers were established. These data support the necessity of the 3rd dose of BBIBP-CorV vaccination. After further validation and assay development, the panels could be used for reliable, convenient and fast evaluation of the efficacy of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐yun Lai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐biao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega‐Science, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubeiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - He‐wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming‐liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega‐Science, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubeiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun‐ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega‐Science, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hong‐ping Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega‐Science, Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Sheng‐ce Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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17
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Lundin KEA, Green PH. Seronegative coeliac disease and non-coeliac enteropathies: precision medicine, precision medicine, where are you? Gut 2022; 71:2148-2149. [PMID: 36104222 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Knut E A Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway .,Department of Gastroenterology, OUS Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Hr Green
- Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Dekker PM, Azad MB, Boeren S, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Simons E, Subbarao P, Turvey SE, Saccenti E, Hettinga KA. The human milk proteome and allergy of mother and child: Exploring associations with protein abundances and protein network connectivity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977470. [PMID: 36311719 PMCID: PMC9613325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human milk proteome comprises a vast number of proteins with immunomodulatory functions, but it is not clear how this relates to allergy of the mother or allergy development in the breastfed infant. This study aimed to explore the relation between the human milk proteome and allergy of both mother and child. Methods Proteins were analyzed in milk samples from a subset of 300 mother-child dyads from the Canadian CHILD Cohort Study, selected based on maternal and child allergy phenotypes. For this selection, the definition of "allergy" included food allergy, eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Proteins were analyzed with non-targeted shotgun proteomics using filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) and nanoLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Protein abundances, based on label-free quantification, were compared using multiple statistical approaches, including univariate, multivariate, and network analyses. Results Using univariate analysis, we observed a trend that milk for infants who develop an allergy by 3 years of age contains higher abundances of immunoglobulin chains, irrespective of the allergy status of the mother. This observation suggests a difference in the milk's immunological potential, which might be related to the development of the infant's immune system. Furthermore, network analysis showed overall increased connectivity of proteins in the milk of allergic mothers and milk for infants who ultimately develop an allergy. This difference in connectivity was especially noted for proteins involved in the protein translation machinery and may be due to the physiological status of the mother, which is reflected in the interconnectedness of proteins in her milk. In addition, it was shown that network analysis complements the other methods for data analysis by revealing complex associations between the milk proteome and mother-child allergy status. Conclusion Together, these findings give new insights into how the human milk proteome, through differences in the abundance of individual proteins and protein-protein associations, relates to the allergy status of mother and child. In addition, these results inspire new research directions into the complex interplay of the mother-milk-infant triad and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter M. Dekker
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Meghan B. Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Theo J. Moraes
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kasper A. Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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19
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Focused B cell response to recurring gluten motif with implications for epitope spreading in celiac disease. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Carreras J. Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Celiac Disease Using an Autoimmune Discovery Transcriptomic Panel Highlighted Pathogenic Genes including BTLA. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1550. [PMID: 36011206 PMCID: PMC9408070 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is a common immune-related inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. This research is a proof-of-concept exercise focused on using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and an autoimmune discovery gene panel to predict and model celiac disease. Conventional bioinformatics, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and several machine learning and neural network techniques were used on a publicly available dataset (GSE164883). Machine learning and deep learning included C5, logistic regression, Bayesian network, discriminant analysis, KNN algorithm, LSVM, random trees, SVM, Tree-AS, XGBoost linear, XGBoost tree, CHAID, Quest, C&R tree, random forest, and neural network (multilayer perceptron). As a result, the gene panel predicted celiac disease with high accuracy (95-100%). Several pathogenic genes were identified, some of the immune checkpoint and immuno-oncology pathways. They included CASP3, CD86, CTLA4, FASLG, GZMB, IFNG, IL15RA, ITGAX, LAG3, MMP3, MUC1, MYD88, PRDM1, RGS1, etc. Among them, B and T lymphocyte associated (BTLA, CD272) was highlighted and validated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry in an independent series of cases. Celiac disease was characterized by high BTLA, expressed by inflammatory cells of the lamina propria. In conclusion, artificial intelligence predicted celiac disease using an autoimmune discovery gene panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
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21
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Olukitibi TA, Ao Z, Azizi H, Mahmoudi M, Coombs K, Kobasa D, Kobinger G, Yao X. Development and characterization of influenza M2 ectodomain and/or hemagglutinin stalk-based dendritic cell-targeting vaccines. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:937192. [PMID: 36003947 PMCID: PMC9393625 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.937192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A universal influenza vaccine is required for broad protection against influenza infection. Here, we revealed the efficacy of novel influenza vaccine candidates based on Ebola glycoprotein dendritic cell (DC)-targeting domain (EΔM) fusion protein technology. The four copies of ectodomain matrix protein of influenza (tM2e) or M2e hemagglutinin stalk (HA stalk) peptides (HM2e) were fused with EΔM to generate EΔM-tM2e or EΔM-HM2e, respectively. We demonstrated that EΔM-HM2e- or EΔM-tM2e-pseudotyped viral particles can efficiently target DC/macrophages in vitro and induced significantly high titers of anti-HA and/or anti-M2e antibodies in mice. Significantly, the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-EΔM-tM2e and rVSV-EΔM-HM2e vaccines mediated rapid and potent induction of M2 or/and HA antibodies in mice sera and mucosa. Importantly, vaccination of rVSV-EΔM-tM2e or rVSV-EΔM-HM2e protected mice from influenza H1N1 and H3N2 challenges. Taken together, our study suggests that rVSV-EΔM-tM2e and rVSV-EΔM-HM2e are promising candidates that may lead to the development of a universal vaccine against different influenza strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Abiola Olukitibi
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zhujun Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hiva Azizi
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l’Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mona Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l’Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Galveston National Laboratory, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaojian Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xiaojian Yao,
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22
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Higgins BW, Shuparski AG, Miller KB, Robinson AM, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG. Isotype-specific plasma cells express divergent transcriptional programs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121260119. [PMID: 35704755 PMCID: PMC9231473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121260119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are produced across multiple isotypes with distinct properties that coordinate initial antigen clearance and confer long-term antigen-specific immune protection. Here, we interrogate the molecular programs of isotype-specific murine plasma cells (PC) following helper T cell-dependent immunization and within established steady-state immunity. We developed a single-cell-indexed and targeted molecular strategy to dissect conserved and divergent components of the rapid effector phase of antigen-specific IgM+ versus inflammation-modulating programs dictated by type 1 IgG2a/b+ PC differentiation. During antibody affinity maturation, the germinal center (GC) cycle imparts separable programs for post-GC type 2 inhibitory IgG1+ and type 1 inflammatory IgG2a/b+ PC to direct long-term cellular function. In the steady state, two subsets of IgM+ and separate IgG2b+ PC programs clearly segregate from splenic type 3 IgA+ PC programs that emphasize mucosal barrier protection. These diverse isotype-specific molecular pathways of PC differentiation control complementary modules of antigen clearance and immune protection that could be selectively targeted for immunotherapeutic applications and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W. Higgins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Andrew G. Shuparski
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Karen B. Miller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Amanda M. Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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23
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Hennings V, Thörn K, Albinsson S, Lingblom C, Andersson K, Andersson C, Järbur K, Pullerits R, Idorn M, Paludan SR, Eriksson K, Wennerås C. The presence of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA appears to protect primary health care workers from COVID-19. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:800-809. [PMID: 35128644 PMCID: PMC9087394 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The patterns of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 were studied in Swedish primary health care workers (n = 156) for 6 months during the Covid-19 pandemic. Serum IgA and IgG to SARS-CoV-2, T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion, demographic and clinical data, PCR-verified infection, and self-reported symptoms were monitored. The multivariate method OPLS-DA was used to identify immune response patterns coupled to protection from Covid-19. Contracting Covid-19 was associated with SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing serum IgG, T cell, IFN-γ, and granzyme B responses to SARS-CoV-2, self-reported typical Covid-19 symptoms, male sex, higher BMI, and hypertension. Not contracting Covid-19 was associated with female sex, IgA-dominated, or no antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, airborne allergy, and smoking. The IgG-responders had SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses including a cytotoxic CD4+ T-cell population expressing CD25, CD38, CD69, CD194, CD279, CTLA-4, and granzyme B. IgA-responders with no IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 constituted 10% of the study population. The IgA responses were partially neutralizing and only seen in individuals who did not succumb to Covid-19. To conclude, serum IgG-dominated responses correlated with T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and PCR-confirmed Covid-19, whereas IgA-dominated responses correlated with not contracting the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Hennings
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyRegion Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGöteborgSweden
| | - Karolina Thörn
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchSahlgrenska AcademyInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Sofie Albinsson
- Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Christine Lingblom
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyRegion Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGöteborgSweden
| | - Kerstin Andersson
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyRegion Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGöteborgSweden
| | | | - Katarina Järbur
- Nötkärnan Primary Health Care Center ConsortiumGöteborgSweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyRegion Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGöteborgSweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchSahlgrenska AcademyInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Manja Idorn
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Søren R. Paludan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchSahlgrenska AcademyInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Kristina Eriksson
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyRegion Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGöteborgSweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchSahlgrenska AcademyInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Christine Wennerås
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyRegion Västra GötalandSahlgrenska University HospitalGöteborgSweden
- Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
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24
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Derksen VFAM, Allaart CF, Van der Helm-Van Mil AHM, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM, van der Woude D. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, total IgA1 and IgA2 levels are elevated: implications for the mucosal origin hypothesis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:407-416. [PMID: 35416963 PMCID: PMC9788813 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucosal initiated immune responses may be involved in the pathophysiology of RA. The most abundant immunoglobulin at mucosal surfaces is IgA, of which two subclasses exist: IgA1 and IgA2. IgA2 is mainly present at mucosal sites and has been ascribed pro-inflammatory properties. As IgA subclasses might provide insights into mucosal involvement and pro-inflammatory mechanisms, we investigated IgA responses in sera of RA patients. METHODS In two cohorts of RA patients, the EAC and IMPROVED, total IgA1 and IgA2 were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, IgA subclass levels of RF and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (anti-CCP2) were determined. The association of these IgA subclass levels with CRP and smoking was investigated. RESULTS Total IgA1 and IgA2 were increased in RA patients compared with healthy donors in both cohorts. This increase was more pronounced in seropositive RA vs seronegative RA. For RF and anti-CCP2, both IgA1 and IgA2 could be detected. No strong associations were found between IgA subclasses (total, RF and anti-CCP2) and CRP. In smoking RA patients, a trend towards a selective increase in total IgA2 and RF IgA1 and IgA2 was observed. CONCLUSION RA patients have raised IgA1 and IgA2 levels. No shift towards IgA2 was observed, indicating that the increase in total IgA is not due to translocation of mucosal IgA into the bloodstream. However, mucosal inflammation might play a role, given the association between smoking and total IgA2 levels. Despite its pro-inflammatory properties, IgA2 does not associate strongly with pro-inflammatory markers in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle F A M Derksen
- Correspondence to: Veerle Derksen, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, C1-R-041, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | | | - Annette H M Van der Helm-Van Mil
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden,Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
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25
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Kaunisto H, Salmi T, Lindfors K, Kemppainen E. Antibody Responses to Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Lessons from Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062910. [PMID: 35328331 PMCID: PMC8953297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is the skin manifestation of celiac disease, presenting with a blistering rash typically on the knees, elbows, buttocks and scalp. In both DH and celiac disease, exposure to dietary gluten triggers a cascade of events resulting in the production of autoantibodies against the transglutaminase (TG) enzyme, mainly TG2 but often also TG3. The latter is considered to be the primary autoantigen in DH. The dynamics of the development of the TG2-targeted autoimmune response have been studied in depth in celiac disease, but the immunological process underlying DH pathophysiology is incompletely understood. Part of this process is the occurrence of granular deposits of IgA and TG3 in the perilesional skin. While this serves as the primary diagnostic finding in DH, the role of these immunocomplexes in the pathogenesis is unknown. Intriguingly, even though gluten-intolerance likely develops initially in a similar manner in both DH and celiac disease, after the onset of the disease, its manifestations differ widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helka Kaunisto
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; (H.K.); (T.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Teea Salmi
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; (H.K.); (T.S.); (K.L.)
- Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; (H.K.); (T.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Esko Kemppainen
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; (H.K.); (T.S.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Stolovich-Rain M, Kumari S, Friedman A, Kirillov S, Socol Y, Billan M, Pal RR, Das K, Golding P, Oiknine-Djian E, Sirhan S, Sagie MB, Cohen-Kfir E, Gold N, Fahoum J, Kumar M, Elgrably-Weiss M, Zhou B, Ravins M, Gatt YE, Bhattacharya S, Zelig O, Wiener R, Wolf DG, Elinav H, Strahilevitz J, Padawer D, Baraz L, Rouvinski A. Intramuscular mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces neutralizing salivary IgA. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933347. [PMID: 36798518 PMCID: PMC9927016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscularly administered vaccines stimulate robust serum neutralizing antibodies, yet they are often less competent in eliciting sustainable "sterilizing immunity" at the mucosal level. Our study uncovers a strong temporary neutralizing mucosal component of immunity, emanating from intramuscular administration of an mRNA vaccine. We show that saliva of BNT162b2 vaccinees contains temporary IgA targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 spike protein and demonstrate that these IgAs mediate neutralization. RBD-targeting IgAs were found to associate with the secretory component, indicating their bona fide transcytotic origin and their polymeric multivalent nature. The mechanistic understanding of the high neutralizing activity provided by mucosal IgA, acting at the first line of defense, will advance vaccination design and surveillance principles and may point to novel treatment approaches and new routes of vaccine administration and boosting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Stolovich-Rain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sujata Kumari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahuva Friedman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Saveliy Kirillov
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan.,Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Yakov Socol
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maria Billan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ritesh Ranjan Pal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kathakali Das
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peretz Golding
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Oiknine-Djian
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Salim Sirhan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Bejerano Sagie
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Cohen-Kfir
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naama Gold
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jamal Fahoum
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Elgrably-Weiss
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Ravins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yair E Gatt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Saurabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Zelig
- Blood Bank, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reuven Wiener
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana G Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hila Elinav
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah AIDS Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Strahilevitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Padawer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine D, Hadassah Medical Center, affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leah Baraz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Rouvinski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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27
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Lindeman I, Sollid LM. Single-cell approaches to dissect adaptive immune responses involved in autoimmunity: the case of celiac disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:51-63. [PMID: 34531547 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is a powerful technology that has found widespread use in recent years. For diseases with involvement of adaptive immunity, single-cell analysis of antigen-specific T cells and B cells is particularly informative. In autoimmune diseases, the adaptive immune system is obviously at play, yet the ability to identify the culprit T and B cells recognizing disease-relevant antigen can be difficult. Celiac disease, a widespread disorder with autoimmune components, is unique in that disease-relevant antigens for both T cells and B cells are well defined. Furthermore, the celiac disease gut lesion is readily accessible allowing for sampling of tissue-resident cells. Thus, disease-relevant T cells and B cells from the gut and blood can be studied at the level of single cells. Here we review single-cell studies providing information on such adaptive immune cells and outline some future perspectives in the area of single-cell analysis in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lindeman
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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28
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Bondt A, Dingess KA, Hoek M, van Rijswijck DMH, Heck AJR. A Direct MS-Based Approach to Profile Human Milk Secretory Immunoglobulin A (IgA1) Reveals Donor-Specific Clonal Repertoires With High Longitudinal Stability. Front Immunol 2021; 12:789748. [PMID: 34938298 PMCID: PMC8685336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a mass spectrometry-based approach was introduced to directly assess the IgG1 immunoglobulin clonal repertoires in plasma. Here we expanded upon this approach by describing a mass spectrometry-based technique to assess specifically the clonal repertoire of another important class of immunoglobulin molecules, IgA1, and show it is efficiently and robustly applicable to either milk or plasma samples. Focusing on two individual healthy donors, whose milk was sampled longitudinally during the first 16 weeks of lactation, we demonstrate that the total repertoire of milk sIgA1 is dominated by only 50-500 clones, even though the human body theoretically can generate several orders of magnitude more clones. We show that in each donor the sIgA1 repertoire only changes marginally and quite gradually over the monitored 16-week period of lactation. Furthermore, the observed overlap in clonal repertoires between the two individual donors is close to non-existent. Mothers provide protection to their newborn infants directly by the transfer of antibodies via breastfeeding. The approach introduced here, can be used to visualize the clonal repertoire transferred from mother to infant and to detect changes in-time in that repertoire adapting to changes in maternal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bondt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kelly A Dingess
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Max Hoek
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Danique M H van Rijswijck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
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29
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Progress and challenges in mass spectrometry-based analysis of antibody repertoires. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:463-481. [PMID: 34535228 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity is divided into the cellular B cell and protein-level antibody responses. High-throughput sequencing has advanced our understanding of both these fundamental aspects of B cell immunology as well as aspects pertaining to vaccine and therapeutics biotechnology. Although the protein-level serum and mucosal antibody repertoire make major contributions to humoral protection, the sequence composition and dynamics of antibody repertoires remain underexplored. This limits insight into important immunological and biotechnological parameters such as the number of antigen-specific antibodies, which are for example, relevant for pathogen neutralization, microbiota regulation, severity of autoimmunity, and therapeutic efficacy. High-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) has allowed initial insights into the antibody repertoire. We outline current challenges in MS-based sequence analysis of antibody repertoires and propose strategies for their resolution.
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30
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Yuki Y, Nojima M, Hosono O, Tanaka H, Kimura Y, Satoh T, Imoto S, Uematsu S, Kurokawa S, Kashima K, Mejima M, Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Uchida Y, Marui T, Yoshikawa N, Nagamura F, Fujihashi K, Kiyono H. Oral MucoRice-CTB vaccine for safety and microbiota-dependent immunogenicity in humans: a phase 1 randomised trial. THE LANCET MICROBE 2021; 2:e429-e440. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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31
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Seikrit C, Pabst O. The immune landscape of IgA induction in the gut. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:627-637. [PMID: 34379174 PMCID: PMC8551147 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are key elements of protective immunity. In the mucosal immune system in particular, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), the most abundantly produced antibody isotype, protects against infections, shields the mucosal surface from toxins and environmental factors, and regulates immune homeostasis and a peaceful coexistence with our microbiota. However, the dark side of IgA biology promotes the formation of immune complexes and provokes pathologies, e.g., IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The precise mechanisms of how IgA responses become deregulated and pathogenic in IgAN remain unresolved. Yet, as the field of microbiota research moved into the limelight, our basic understanding of IgA biology has been taking a leap forward. Here, we discuss the structure of IgA, the anatomical and cellular foundation of mucosal antibody responses, and current concepts of how we envision the interaction of SIgA and the microbiota. We center on key concepts in the field while taking account of both historic findings and exciting new observations to provide a comprehensive groundwork for the understanding of IgA biology from the perspective of a mucosal immunologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Seikrit
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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32
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Isho B, Florescu A, Wang AA, Gommerman JL. Fantastic IgA plasma cells and where to find them. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:119-137. [PMID: 34046908 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IgA is produced in large quantities at mucosal surfaces by IgA+ plasma cells (PC), protecting the host from pathogens, and restricting commensal access to the subepithelium. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that IgA+ PC are not constrained to mucosal barrier sites. Rather, IgA+ PC may leave these sites where they provide both host defense and immunoregulatory function. In this review, we will outline how IgA+ PC are generated within the mucosae and how they subsequently migrate to their "classical" effector site, the gut lamina propria. From there we provide examples of IgA+ PC displacement from the gut to other parts of the body, referencing examples during homeostasis and inflammation. Lastly, we will speculate on mechanisms of IgA+ PC displacement to other tissues. Our aim is to provide a new perspective on how IgA+ PC are truly fantastic beasts of the immune system and identify new places to find them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baweleta Isho
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Angela A Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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33
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CD27 hiCD38 hi plasmablasts are activated B cells of mixed origin with distinct function. iScience 2021; 24:102482. [PMID: 34113823 PMCID: PMC8169951 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically important broadly reactive B cells evolve during multiple infections, with B cells re-activated after secondary infection differing from B cells activated after a primary infection. Here we studied CD27highCD38high plasmablasts from patients with a primary or secondary dengue virus infection. Three transcriptionally and functionally distinct clusters were identified. The largest cluster 0/1 was plasma cell-related, with cells coding for serotype cross-reactive antibodies of the IgG1 isotype, consistent with memory B cell activation during an extrafollicular response. Cells in clusters 2 and 3 expressed low levels of antibody genes and high levels of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation, EIF2 pathway, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Clusters 2 and 3 showed a transcriptional footprint of T cell help, in line with activation from naive B cells or memory B cells. Our results contribute to the understanding of the parallel B cell activation events that occur in humans after natural primary and secondary infection.
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34
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Keppler SJ, Goess MC, Heinze JM. The Wanderings of Gut-Derived IgA Plasma Cells: Impact on Systemic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670290. [PMID: 33936114 PMCID: PMC8081896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity is mainly mediated by a B cell population highly specialized to synthesize and secrete large quantities of antibodies – the antibody-secreting cells (ASC). In the gastrointestinal environment, a mixture of foreign antigens from the diet, commensal microbiota as well as occasional harmful pathogens lead to a constant differentiation of B cells into ASC. Due to this permanent immune response, more than 80% of mammalian ASC reside in the gut, of which most express immunoglobulin A (IgA). IgA antibodies contribute to intestinal homeostasis and can mediate protective immunity. Recent evidence points at a role for gut-derived ASC in modulating immune responses also outside of mucosal tissues. We here summarize recent evidence for wandering ASC, their antibodies and their involvement in systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina J Keppler
- School of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Christine Goess
- School of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia M Heinze
- School of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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35
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Quinti I, Mortari EP, Fernandez Salinas A, Milito C, Carsetti R. IgA Antibodies and IgA Deficiency in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:655896. [PMID: 33889552 PMCID: PMC8057809 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.655896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A large repertoire of IgA is produced by B lymphocytes with T-independent and T-dependent mechanisms useful in defense against pathogenic microorganisms and to reduce immune activation. IgA is active against several pathogens, including rotavirus, poliovirus, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2. It protects the epithelial barriers from pathogens and modulates excessive immune responses in inflammatory diseases. An early SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral response is dominated by IgA antibodies responses greatly contributing to virus neutralization. The lack of anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgA and secretory IgA (sIgA) might represent a possible cause of COVID-19 severity, vaccine failure, and possible cause of prolonged viral shedding in patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies, including patients with Selective IgA Deficiency. Differently from other primary antibody deficiency entities, Selective IgA Deficiency occurs in the vast majority of patients as an asymptomatic condition, and it is often an unrecognized, Studies are needed to clarify the open questions raised by possible consequences of a lack of an IgA response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Area Multimodal Medicine, Diagnostic Immunology and Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Area Multimodal Medicine, Diagnostic Immunology and Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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36
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Kemppainen E, Salmi T, Lindfors K. Missing Insight Into T and B Cell Responses in Dermatitis Herpetiformis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657280. [PMID: 33854513 PMCID: PMC8039136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis is a cutaneous form of celiac disease manifesting as an itching rash typically on the elbows, knees and buttocks. It is driven by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals and characterized by granular deposits of immunoglobulin A in the papillary dermis. These antibodies target transglutaminase (TG) 3 and in the majority of patients they are also found in circulation. The circulating antibodies disappear and skin symptoms resolve as a result of gluten-free diet but the cutaneous anti-TG3 IgA deposits may persist for several years. In dermatitis herpetiformis, plasma cells secreting antibodies against TG3 are located in the intestinal mucosa similarly to those producing TG2 antibodies characteristic for celiac disease. In fact, both TG2- and TG3-specific plasma cells and gluten responsive T cells are found in dermatitis herpetiformis patients but the interplay between these cell populations is unknown. The small bowel mucosal damage in celiac disease is believed to be mediated by co-operation of cytotoxic intraepithelial T cells and the inflammatory milieu contributed by gluten-reactive CD4+ T cells, whereas the skin lesions in dermatitis herpetiformis appear to be devoid of gluten reactive T cells. Thus, how celiac disease-type intestinal T and B cell responses develop into an autoimmune condition affecting the skin is still incompletely understood. Finally, the skin and small bowel lesions may reappear upon reintroduction of gluten in patients treated with gluten-free diet but virtually nothing is known about the long-lived B cell and memory T cell populations activating in response to dietary gluten in dermatitis herpetiformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esko Kemppainen
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teea Salmi
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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37
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Meyer TC, Michalik S, Holtfreter S, Weiss S, Friedrich N, Völzke H, Kocher T, Kohler C, Schmidt F, Bröker BM, Völker U. A Comprehensive View on the Human Antibody Repertoire Against Staphylococcus aureus Antigens in the General Population. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651619. [PMID: 33777051 PMCID: PMC7987813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to provide a comprehensive overview of the antibody response to Staphylococcus aureus antigens in the general population as a basis for defining disease-specific profiles and diagnostic signatures. We tested the specific IgG and IgA responses to 79 staphylococcal antigens in 996 individuals from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania. Using a dilution-based multiplex suspension array, we extended the dynamic range of specific antibody detection to seven orders of magnitude, allowing the precise quantification of high and low abundant antibody specificities in the same sample. The observed IgG and IgA antibody responses were highly heterogeneous with differences between individuals as well as between bacterial antigens that spanned several orders of magnitude. Some antigens elicited significantly more IgG than IgA and vice versa. We confirmed a strong influence of colonization on the antibody response and quantified the influence of sex, smoking, age, body mass index, and serum glucose on anti-staphylococcal IgG and IgA. However, all host parameters tested explain only a small part of the extensive variability in individual response to the different antigens of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja C Meyer
- Department Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Department Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Department Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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38
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Lindeman I, Zhou C, Eggesbø LM, Miao Z, Polak J, Lundin KE, Jahnsen J, Qiao SW, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Longevity, clonal relationship, and transcriptional program of celiac disease-specific plasma cells. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200852. [PMID: 33095260 PMCID: PMC7590513 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-specific plasma cells (PCs) reactive with transglutaminase 2 (TG2) or deamidated gluten peptides (DGPs) are abundant in celiac disease (CeD) gut lesions. Their contribution toward CeD pathogenesis is unclear. We assessed expression of markers associated with PC longevity in 15 untreated and 26 treated CeD patients in addition to 13 non-CeD controls and performed RNA sequencing with clonal inference and transcriptomic analysis of 3,251 single PCs. We observed antigen-dependent V-gene selection and stereotypic antibodies. Generation of recombinant DGP-specific antibodies revealed a key role of a heavy chain residue that displays polymorphism, suggesting that immunoglobulin gene polymorphisms may influence CeD-specific antibody responses. We identified transcriptional differences between CeD-specific and non-disease-specific PCs and between short-lived and long-lived PCs. The short-lived CD19+CD45+ phenotype dominated in untreated and short-term-treated CeD, in particular among disease-specific PCs but also in the general PC population. Thus, the disease lesion of untreated CeD is characterized by massive accumulation of short-lived PCs that are not only directed against disease-specific antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lindeman
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linn M. Eggesbø
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zhichao Miao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital (affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine), Shanghai, China
| | - Justyna Polak
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E.A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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39
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Avram O, Kigel A, Vaisman-Mentesh A, Kligsberg S, Rosenstein S, Dror Y, Pupko T, Wine Y. PASA: Proteomic analysis of serum antibodies web server. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008607. [PMID: 33493161 PMCID: PMC7861515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION A comprehensive characterization of the humoral response towards a specific antigen requires quantification of the B-cell receptor repertoire by next-generation sequencing (BCR-Seq), as well as the analysis of serum antibodies against this antigen, using proteomics. The proteomic analysis is challenging since it necessitates the mapping of antigen-specific peptides to individual B-cell clones. RESULTS The PASA web server provides a robust computational platform for the analysis and integration of data obtained from proteomics of serum antibodies. PASA maps peptides derived from antibodies raised against a specific antigen to corresponding antibody sequences. It then analyzes and integrates proteomics and BCR-Seq data, thus providing a comprehensive characterization of the humoral response. The PASA web server is freely available at https://pasa.tau.ac.il and open to all users without a login requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Avram
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aya Kigel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Vaisman-Mentesh
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Kligsberg
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Rosenstein
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Dror
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Pupko
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yariv Wine
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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40
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Sterlin D, Mathian A, Miyara M, Mohr A, Anna F, Claër L, Quentric P, Fadlallah J, Devilliers H, Ghillani P, Gunn C, Hockett R, Mudumba S, Guihot A, Luyt CE, Mayaux J, Beurton A, Fourati S, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Lacorte JM, Yssel H, Parizot C, Dorgham K, Charneau P, Amoura Z, Gorochov G. IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd2223. [PMID: 33288662 PMCID: PMC7857408 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 713] [Impact Index Per Article: 237.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are typically characterized by primary IgM antibody responses followed by secondary antibody responses associated with immune memory and composed of IgG, IgA, and IgE. Here, we measured acute humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2, including the frequency of antibody-secreting cells and the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in the serum, saliva, and bronchoalveolar fluid of 159 patients with COVID-19. Early SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses were dominated by IgA antibodies. Peripheral expansion of IgA plasmablasts with mucosal homing potential was detected shortly after the onset of symptoms and peaked during the third week of the disease. The virus-specific antibody responses included IgG, IgM, and IgA, but IgA contributed to virus neutralization to a greater extent compared with IgG. Specific IgA serum concentrations decreased notably 1 month after the onset of symptoms, but neutralizing IgA remained detectable in saliva for a longer time (days 49 to 73 post-symptoms). These results represent a critical observation given the emerging information as to the types of antibodies associated with optimal protection against reinfection and whether vaccine regimens should consider targeting a potent but potentially short-lived IgA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sterlin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222, Inserm, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Mathian
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Mohr
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - François Anna
- Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Theravectys, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Claër
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Paul Quentric
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jehane Fadlallah
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Devilliers
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Hôpital François Mitterrand, service de médecine interne et maladies systémiques (médecine interne 2) et Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC-EC 1432, 3 rue du FBG Raines, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pascale Ghillani
- Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cary Gunn
- Genalyte Inc., 10520 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rick Hockett
- Genalyte Inc., 10520 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sasi Mudumba
- Genalyte Inc., 10520 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Amélie Guihot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP, Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 1166-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Julien Mayaux
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation et Pneumologie, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Beurton
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation et Pneumologie, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS Neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique, AP-HP, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Salma Fourati
- Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Inserm UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation Paris Montmartre (CRI), 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75890 Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS-UMR3569, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS-UMR3569, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lacorte
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 1166-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Theravectys, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
- Département d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Pietrzak B, Tomela K, Olejnik-Schmidt A, Mackiewicz A, Schmidt M. Secretory IgA in Intestinal Mucosal Secretions as an Adaptive Barrier against Microbial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239254. [PMID: 33291586 PMCID: PMC7731431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the dominant antibody class in mucosal secretions. The majority of plasma cells producing IgA are located within mucosal membranes lining the intestines. SIgA protects against the adhesion of pathogens and their penetration into the intestinal barrier. Moreover, SIgA regulates gut microbiota composition and provides intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we present mechanisms of SIgA generation: T cell-dependent and -independent; in different non-organized and organized lymphoid structures in intestinal lamina propria (i.e., Peyer’s patches and isolated lymphoid follicles). We also summarize recent advances in understanding of SIgA functions in intestinal mucosal secretions with focus on its role in regulating gut microbiota composition and generation of tolerogenic responses toward its members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Pietrzak
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Tomela
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (K.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (K.T.); (A.M.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (M.S.)
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Cross DL, Verheul MK, Leipold MD, Obermoser G, Jin C, Jones E, Starr JS, Mohorianu I, Blohmke CJ, Maecker HT, Napolitani G, Hill J, Pollard AJ. Vi-Vaccinations Induce Heterogeneous Plasma Cell Responses That Associate With Protection From Typhoid Fever. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574057. [PMID: 33424833 PMCID: PMC7793947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vi-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are efficacious against cases of typhoid fever; however, an absolute correlate of protection is not established. In this study, we investigated the leukocyte response to a Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-TT) in comparison with a plain polysaccharide vaccine (Vi-PS) in healthy adults subsequently challenged with Salmonella Typhi. Immunological responses and their association with challenge outcome was assessed by mass cytometry and Vi-ELISpot assay. Immunization induced significant expansion of plasma cells in both vaccines with modest T follicular helper cell responses detectable after Vi-TT only. The Vi-specific IgG and IgM B cell response was considerably greater in magnitude in Vi-TT recipients. Intriguingly, a significant increase in a subset of IgA+ plasma cells expressing mucosal migratory markers α4β7 and CCR10 was observed in both vaccine groups, suggesting a gut-tropic, mucosal response is induced by Vi-vaccination. The total plasma cell response was significantly associated with protection against typhoid fever in Vi-TT vaccinees but not Vi-PS. IgA+ plasma cells were not significantly associated with protection for either vaccine, although a trend is seen for Vi-PS. Conversely, the IgA- fraction of the plasma cell response was only associated with protection in Vi-TT. In summary, these data indicate that a phenotypically heterogeneous response including both gut-homing and systemic antibody secreting cells may be critical for protection induced by Vi-TT vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Cross
- The Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marije K Verheul
- The Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Leipold
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gerlinde Obermoser
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Celina Jin
- The Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- The Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua S Starr
- The Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- The Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph J Blohmke
- The Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Holden T Maecker
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Hill
- The Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- The Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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43
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Emerson J, van der Poorten DK, Lin MW, Chou S, McLeod D, Berglund LJ. Duodenal plasma cells correspond to serum IgA in common variable immunodeficiency. Pathology 2020; 53:503-507. [PMID: 33218739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) can be associated with a range of serum IgA concentrations, from absent, to variably reduced, and in some patients classified as 'possible CVID', even normal. The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of duodenal plasma cells in patients with CVID and determine whether there was an association with serum IgA concentration. Duodenal biopsies obtained at upper endoscopy from 35 patients with CVID were assessed for the presence of plasma cells and compared with serum IgA concentrations. A reduction or absence of duodenal plasma cells in 60% of patients with CVID and an association between the proportions of duodenal plasma cells and serum IgA concentrations was demonstrated. The presence of duodenal plasma cells associated with numbers of isotype switched memory B cells in the peripheral blood. A reduction in serum IgA over time was observed in 19% of CVID patients. The gastrointestinal tract provides a window into the immune system in CVID, and these results reinforce the association between gastrointestinal plasma cells and serum IgA concentrations. Preservation of gastrointestinal plasma cells and serum IgA in some patients with CVID, and the sequential decline of both in others, highlight the heterogeneity of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Emerson
- Departments of Immunology and Immunopathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David K van der Poorten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Wei Lin
- Departments of Immunology and Immunopathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun Chou
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duncan McLeod
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucinda J Berglund
- Departments of Immunology and Immunopathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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44
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Maglio M, Troncone R. Intestinal Anti-tissue Transglutaminase2 Autoantibodies: Pathogenic and Clinical Implications for Celiac Disease. Front Nutr 2020; 7:73. [PMID: 32548124 PMCID: PMC7273338 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic disease that primarily affects the small intestine. The presence of anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 (anti-TG2) antibodies in the serum, as well as the presence of autoimmune phenomena, account for the inclusion of CD among autoimmune diseases. Anti-TG2 autoantibodies are produced at intestinal level, where they are deposited even before they appear in circulation. The pathogenic events that lead to their production are still not completely defined, but a central role seems to be played by gliadin-specific T cells. Interestingly, limited somatic mutations have been observed in VH and VL genes in TG2-specific plasma cells, another important aspect being the biased use of a heavy chain encoded by the VH5 gene. Conflicting data have been produced over the years on the effect of anti-TG2 antibodies on TG2 function. Although the presence of anti-TG2 antibodies in serum is considered a hallmark of CD and relevant from a clinical viewpoint, the role of these autoantibodies in the development of the celiac lesion remains to be defined. In the years, different technical approaches have been implemented to detect and measure intestinal CD-associated autoantibody production. Two aspects can make intestinal anti-TG2 antibodies relevant: from a clinical viewpoint: the first is their proposed ability in potential coeliac patients to predict the development of a full-blown enteropathy; the second is their possible role in revealing a condition of reactivity to gluten in patients with no circulating CD-associated autoantibodies. In fact, the detection of CD-specific autoantibodies production in the intestine, in the absence of serum positivity for the same antibodies, could be suggestive of a very early condition of gluten reactivity; alternatively, it could be not specific for CD and merely attributable to intestinal inflammation. In conclusion, the role of mucosal anti-TG2 antibodies in pathogenesis of CD is unknown. Their presence, the modalities of their production, their gluten dependence render them a unique model to study autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Maglio
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Abreu RB, Clutter EF, Attari S, Sautto GA, Ross TM. IgA Responses Following Recurrent Influenza Virus Vaccination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:902. [PMID: 32508822 PMCID: PMC7249748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide each year. Annual vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization to reduce influenza severity and limit transmission through elicitation of antibodies targeting mainly the hemagglutinin glycoprotein of the influenza virus. Antibodies elicited by current seasonal influenza vaccines are predominantly strain-specific. However, continuous antigenic drift by circulating influenza viruses facilitates escape from pre-existing antibodies requiring frequent reformulation of the seasonal influenza vaccine. Traditionally, immunological responses to influenza vaccination have been largely focused on IgG antibodies, with almost complete disregard of other isotypes. In this report, young adults (18–34 years old) and elderly (65–85 years old) subjects were administered the split inactivated influenza vaccine for 3 consecutive seasons and their serological IgA and IgG responses were profiled. Moreover, correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between vaccine-induced IgA antibody titers and traditional immunological endpoints, exposing vaccine-induced IgA antibodies as an important novel immune correlate during influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Abreu
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Emily F Clutter
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sara Attari
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Giuseppe A Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Hashimoto A, Takeuchi S, Kajita R, Yamagata A, Kakui R, Tanaka T, Nakata K. Proteogenomic analysis of granulocyte macrophage colony- stimulating factor autoantibodies in the blood of a patient with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4923. [PMID: 32188922 PMCID: PMC7080758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, attempts to reveal the structures of autoantibodies comprehensively using improved proteogenomics technology, have become popular. This technology identifies peptides in highly purified antibodies by using an Orbitrap device to compare spectra from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry against a cDNA database obtained through next-generation sequencing. In this study, we first analyzed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies in a patient with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, using the trapped ion mobility spectrometry coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (TIMS-TOF) instrument. The TIMS-TOF instrument identified peptides that partially matched sequences in up to 156 out of 162 cDNA clones. Complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) was fully and partially detected in nine and 132 clones, respectively. Moreover, we confirmed one unique framework region 4 (FR4) and at least three unique across CDR3 to FR4 peptides via de novo peptide sequencing. This new technology may thus permit the comprehensive identification of autoantibody structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiho Takeuchi
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koh Nakata
- Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
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Human IgA Monoclonal Antibodies That Neutralize Poliovirus, Produced by Hybridomas and Recombinant Expression. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9010005. [PMID: 32121092 PMCID: PMC7148538 DOI: 10.3390/antib9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poliovirus (PV)-specific intestinal IgAs are important for cessation of PV shedding in the gastrointestinal tract following an acute infection with wild type or vaccine-derived PV strains. We sought to produce IgA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with PV neutralizing activity. We first performed de novo IgA discovery from primary human B cells using a hybridoma method that allows assessment of mAb binding and expression on the hybridoma surface: On-Cell mAb Screening (OCMS™). Six IgA1 mAbs were cloned by this method; three potently neutralized type 3 Sabin and wt PV strains. The hybridoma mAbs were heterogeneous, expressed in monomeric, dimeric, and aberrant forms. We also used recombinant methods to convert two high-potency anti-PV IgG mAbs into dimeric IgA1 and IgA2 mAbs. Isotype switching did not substantially change their neutralization activities. To purify the recombinant mAbs, Protein L binding was used, and one of the mAbs required a single amino acid substitution in its κ LC in order to enable protein L binding. Lastly, we used OCMS to assess IgA expression on the surface of hybridomas and transiently transfected, adherent cells. These studies have generated potent anti-PV IgA mAbs, for use in animal models, as well as additional tools for the discovery and production of human IgA mAbs.
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48
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Intestinal TG3- and TG2-Specific Plasma Cell Responses in Dermatitis Herpetiformis Patients Undergoing a Gluten Challenge. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020467. [PMID: 32069794 PMCID: PMC7071213 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), a cutaneous manifestation of coeliac disease, is characterized by transglutaminase (TG) 3-targeted dermal immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposits. The treatment for DH is the same as for coeliac disease, namely a life-long gluten-free diet. DH patients typically have gluten-dependent circulating autoantibodies targeting TG3 and TG2, and plasma cells secreting such autoantibodies have been detected in the small intestinal mucosa. This study investigates the gluten-responsiveness of intestinal TG3 and TG2 antibody-secreting plasma cells in 16 treated DH patients undergoing a gluten challenge. The frequency of both plasma cell populations increased significantly during the challenge, and their frequency correlated with the corresponding serum autoantibody levels at post-challenge. TG3-specific plasma cells were absent in all 18 untreated coeliac disease patients and seven non-coeliac control subjects on gluten-containing diets. These findings indicate that, in DH, both intestinal TG3- and TG2-antibody secreting plasma cells are gluten-dependent, and that TG3-antibody secreting plasma cells are DH-specific.
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Lee AYS, Chataway T, Colella AD, Gordon TP, Wang JJ. Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Autoantibodies as a Paradigm Shift in Autoimmune Serology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2845. [PMID: 31867009 PMCID: PMC6904311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y S Lee
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tim Chataway
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alex D Colella
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tom P Gordon
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jing J Wang
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Palm AKE, Henry C. Remembrance of Things Past: Long-Term B Cell Memory After Infection and Vaccination. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1787. [PMID: 31417562 PMCID: PMC6685390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and memory B and T cells are critical in secondary responses to infection. Studies in mice have helped to understand how different memory B cell populations are generated following antigen exposure and how affinity for the antigen is determinant to B cell fate. Additionally, such studies were fundamental in defining memory B cell niches and how B cells respond following subsequent exposure with the same antigen. On the other hand, human studies are essential to the development of better, newer vaccines but sometimes limited by the difficulty to access primary and secondary lymphoid organs. However, work using human influenza and HIV virus infection and/or immunization in particular has significantly advanced today's understanding of memory B cells. This review will focus on the generation, function, and longevity of B-cell mediated immunological memory (memory B cells and plasma cells) in response to infection and vaccination both in mice and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin E Palm
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carole Henry
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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