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Afridi R, Kim JH, Bhusal A, Lee WH, Suk K. Lipocalin-2 as a mediator of neuroimmune communication. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:357-368. [PMID: 38149462 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2, a neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, is a 25-kDa secreted protein implicated in a broad range of inflammatory diseases affecting the brain and periphery. It is a pleotropic protein expressed by various immune and nonimmune cells throughout the body. Importantly, the surge in lipocalin-2 levels in disease states has been associated with a myriad of undesirable effects, further exacerbating the ongoing pathological processes. In the brain, glial cells are the principal source of lipocalin-2, which plays a definitive role in determining their functional phenotypes. In different central nervous system pathologies, an increased expression of glial lipocalin-2 has been linked to neurotoxicity. Lipocalin-2 mediates a crosstalk between central and peripheral immune cells under neuroinflammatory conditions. One intriguing aspect is that elevated lipocalin-2 levels in peripheral disorders, such as cancer, metabolic conditions, and liver diseases, potentially incite an inflammatory activation of glial cells while disrupting neuronal functions. This review comprehensively summarizes the influence of lipocalin-2 on the exacerbation of neuroinflammation by regulating various cellular processes. Additionally, this review explores lipocalin-2 as a mediator of neuroimmune crosstalk in various central nervous system pathologies and highlights the role of lipocalin-2 in carrying inflammatory signals along the neuroimmune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang Street, Joong-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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2
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De Paula GC, Aldana BI, Battistella R, Fernández-Calle R, Bjure A, Lundgaard I, Deierborg T, Duarte JMN. Extracellular vesicles released from microglia after palmitate exposure impact brain function. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:173. [PMID: 39014461 PMCID: PMC11253458 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns that include an excess of foods rich in saturated fat are associated with brain dysfunction. Although microgliosis has been proposed to play a key role in the development of brain dysfunction in diet-induced obesity (DIO), neuroinflammation with cytokine over-expression is not always observed. Thus, mechanisms by which microglia contribute to brain impairment in DIO are uncertain. Using the BV2 cell model, we investigated the gliosis profile of microglia exposed to palmitate (200 µmol/L), a saturated fatty acid abundant in high-fat diet and in the brain of obese individuals. We observed that microglia respond to a 24-hour palmitate exposure with increased proliferation, and with a metabolic network rearrangement that favors energy production from glycolysis rather than oxidative metabolism, despite stimulated mitochondria biogenesis. In addition, while palmitate did not induce increased cytokine expression, it modified the protein cargo of released extracellular vesicles (EVs). When administered intra-cerebroventricularly to mice, EVs secreted from palmitate-exposed microglia in vitro led to memory impairment, depression-like behavior, and glucose intolerance, when compared to mice receiving EVs from vehicle-treated microglia. We conclude that microglia exposed to palmitate can mediate brain dysfunction through the cargo of shed EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C De Paula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberta Battistella
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rosalía Fernández-Calle
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
| | - Andreas Bjure
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
| | - Iben Lundgaard
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (EMV), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, BMC C11, Lund, 221 84, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Barreto-Núñez R, Béland LC, Boutej H, Picher-Martel V, Dupré N, Barbeito L, Kriz J. Chronically activated microglia in ALS gradually lose their immune functions and develop unconventional proteome. Glia 2024; 72:1319-1339. [PMID: 38577970 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and chronic activation of microglial cells are the prominent features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology. While alterations in the mRNA profile of diseased microglia have been well documented, the actual microglia proteome remains poorly characterized. Here we performed a functional characterization together with proteome analyses of microglial cells at different stages of disease in the SOD1-G93A model of ALS. Functional analyses of microglia derived from the lumbar spinal cord of symptomatic mice revealed: (i) remarkably high mitotic index (close to 100% cells are Ki67+) (ii) significant decrease in phagocytic capacity when compared to age-matched control microglia, and (iii) diminished response to innate immune challenges in vitro and in vivo. Proteome analysis revealed a development of two distinct molecular signatures at early and advanced stages of disease. While at early stages of disease, we identified several proteins implicated in microglia immune functions such as GPNMB, HMBOX1, at advanced stages of disease microglia signature at protein level was characterized with a robust upregulation of several unconventional proteins including rootletin, major vaults proteins and STK38. Upregulation of GPNMB and rootletin has been also found in the spinal cord samples of sporadic ALS. Remarkably, the top biological functions of microglia, in particular in the advanced disease, were not related to immunity/immune response, but were highly enriched in terms linked to RNA metabolism. Together, our results suggest that, over the course of disease, chronically activated microglia develop unconventional protein signatures and gradually lose their immune identity ultimately turning into functionally inefficient immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hejer Boutej
- CERVO Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Picher-Martel
- CERVO Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Neuroscence, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québecṣ-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Division of Neuroscence, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québecṣ-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Fu Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, He T, Shi W, Guo X, Wang Y. SRSF3 Knockdown Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6237-6247. [PMID: 38921043 PMCID: PMC11202707 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3), the smallest member of the SR protein family, serves multiple roles in RNA processing, including splicing, translation, and stability. Recent studies have shown that SRSF3 is implicated in several inflammatory diseases. However, its impact on macrophage inflammation remains unclear. Herein, we determined the expression of SRSF3 in inflammatory macrophages and found that the level of SRSF3 was increased in macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques, as well as in RAW-264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. Moreover, the downregulation of SRSF3 suppressed the levels of inflammatory cytokines by deactivating the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathway. Furthermore, the alternative splicing of myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), a co-receptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), is regulated by SRSF3. The depletion of SRSF3 increased the level of the shorter MD2B splicing variants, which contributed to inflammatory inhibition in macrophages. In conclusion, our findings imply that SRSF3 regulates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation, in part by controlling the alternative splicing of MD2 mRNA in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (T.H.); (W.S.); (X.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yingze Wang
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.W.); (L.Z.); (T.H.); (W.S.); (X.G.)
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5
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Gerrits T, Dijkstra KL, Bruijn JA, Scharpfenecker M, Bijkerk R, Baelde HJ. Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated terminal intron retention of endoglin: A potential strategy to inhibit renal interstitial fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167186. [PMID: 38642778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
TGF-β is considered an important cytokine in the development of interstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. The TGF-β co-receptor endoglin (ENG) tends to be upregulated in kidney fibrosis. ENG has two membrane bound isoforms generated via alternative splicing. Long-ENG was shown to enhance the extent of renal fibrosis in an unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model, while short-ENG inhibited renal fibrosis. Here we aimed to achieve terminal intron retention of endoglin using antisense-oligo nucleotides (ASOs), thereby shifting the ratio towards short-ENG to inhibit the TGF-β1-mediated pro-fibrotic response. We isolated mRNA from kidney biopsies of patients with chronic allograft disease (CAD) (n = 12) and measured total ENG and short-ENG mRNA levels. ENG mRNA was upregulated 2.3 fold (p < 0.05) in kidneys of CAD patients compared to controls, while the percentage short-ENG of the total ENG mRNA was significantly lower (1.8 fold; p < 0.05). Transfection of ASOs that target splicing regulatory sites of ENG into TK173 fibroblasts led to higher levels of short-ENG (2 fold; p < 0.05). In addition, we stimulated these cells with TGF-β1 and measured a decrease in upregulation of ACTA2, COL1A1 and FN1 mRNA levels, and protein expression of αSMA, collagen type I, and fibronectin. These results show a potential for ENG ASOs as a therapy to reduce interstitial fibrosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gerrits
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Kyra L Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Anthonie Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marion Scharpfenecker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans J Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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Rahimian R, Guruswamy R, Boutej H, Cordeau P, Weng YC, Kriz J. Targeting SRSF3 restores immune mRNA translation in microglia/macrophages following cerebral ischemia. Mol Ther 2024; 32:783-799. [PMID: 38196192 PMCID: PMC10928149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently described a novel ribosome-based regulatory mechanism/checkpoint that controls innate immune gene translation and microglial activation in non-sterile inflammation orchestrated by RNA binding protein SRSF3. Here we describe a role of SRSF3 in the regulation of microglia/macrophage activation phenotypes after experimental stroke. Using a model-system for analysis of the dynamic translational state of microglial ribosomes we show that 24 h after stroke highly upregulated immune mRNAs are not translated resulting in a marked dissociation of mRNA and protein networks in activated microglia/macrophages. Next, microglial activation after stroke was characterized by a robust increase in pSRSF3/SRSF3 expression levels. Targeted knockdown of SRSF3 using intranasal delivery of siRNA 24 h after stroke caused a marked knockdown of endogenous protein. Further analyses revealed that treatment with SRSF3-siRNA alleviated translational arrest of selected genes and induced a transient but significant increase in innate immune signaling and IBA1+ immunoreactivity peaking 5 days after initial injury. Importantly, delayed SRSF3-mediated increase in immune signaling markedly reduced the size of ischemic lesion measured 7 days after stroke. Together, our findings suggest that targeting SRSF3 and immune mRNA translation may open new avenues for molecular/therapeutic reprogramming of innate immune response after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Revathy Guruswamy
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Hejer Boutej
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Pierre Cordeau
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Yuan Cheng Weng
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada.
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Mallard C, Ferriero DM, Vexler ZS. Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Experimental Perinatal and Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2024; 55:506-518. [PMID: 38252757 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Emerging clinical and preclinical data have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of arterial ischemic stroke in the adult, neonates, and children share similar mechanisms that regulate brain damage but also have distinct molecular signatures and involved cellular pathways due to the maturational stage of the central nervous system and the immune system at the time of the insult. In this review, we discuss similarities and differences identified thus far in rodent models of 2 different diseases-neonatal (perinatal) and childhood arterial ischemic stroke. In particular, we review acquired knowledge of the role of resident and peripheral immune populations in modulating outcomes in models of perinatal and childhood arterial ischemic stroke and the most recent and relevant findings in relation to the immune-neurovascular crosstalk, and how the influence of inflammatory mediators is dependent on specific brain maturation stages. Finally, we discuss the current state of treatments geared toward age-appropriate therapies that signal via the immune-neurovascular interaction and consider sex differences to achieve successful translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.)
| | - Donna M Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA (D.M.F.)
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA (D.M.F., Z.S.V.)
| | - Zinaida S Vexler
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA (D.M.F., Z.S.V.)
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Fakhfouri G, Mijailović NR, Rahimian R. Psychiatric Comorbidities of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: It Is a Matter of Microglia's Gut Feeling. Cells 2024; 13:177. [PMID: 38247868 PMCID: PMC10814793 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a common term for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic, relapse-remitting condition of the gastrointestinal tract that is increasing worldwide. Psychiatric comorbidities, including depression and anxiety, are more prevalent in IBD patients than in healthy individuals. Evidence suggests that varying levels of neuroinflammation might underlie these states in IBD patients. Within this context, microglia are the crucial non-neural cells in the brain responsible for innate immune responses following inflammatory insults. Alterations in microglia's functions, such as secretory profile, phagocytic activity, and synaptic pruning, might play significant roles in mediating psychiatric manifestations of IBD. In this review, we discuss the role played by microglia in IBD-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada;
| | - Nataša R. Mijailović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Reza Rahimian
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
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Le YP, Saito K, Parajuli B, Sakai K, Kubota Y, Miyakawa M, Shinozaki Y, Shigetomi E, Koizumi S. Severity of Peripheral Infection Differentially Affects Brain Functions in Mice via Microglia-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17597. [PMID: 38139424 PMCID: PMC10743593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral infection induces inflammation in peripheral tissues and the brain, impacting brain function. Glial cells are key players in this process. However, the effects of peripheral infection on glial activation and brain function remain unknown. Here, we showed that varying degrees of peripheral infection had different effects on the regulation of brain functions by microglia-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Acute mild infection (one-day LPS challenge: 1LPS) exacerbated middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) injury, and severe infection (four-day LPS challenge: 4LPS) for one week suppressed it. MCAO injury was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. We observed early activation of microglia in the 1LPS and 4LPS groups. Depleting microglia with a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) antagonist had no effect on 1LPS-induced brain injury exacerbation but abolished 4LPS-induced protection, indicating microglial independence and dependence, respectively. Microglia-independent exacerbation caused by 1LPS involved peripheral immune cells including macrophages. RNA sequencing analysis of 4LPS-treated microglia revealed increased factors related to anti-inflammatory and neuronal tissue repair, suggesting their association with the protective effect. In conclusion, varying degrees of peripheral inflammation had contradictory effects (exacerbation vs. protection) on MCAO, which may be attributed to microglial dependence. Our findings highlight the significant impact of peripheral infection on brain function, particularly in relation to glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Phung Le
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kent Sakai
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yuto Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Miho Miyakawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
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Shaik SM, Cao Y, Gogola JV, Dodiya HB, Zhang X, Boutej H, Han W, Kriz J, Sisodia SS. Translational profiling identifies sex-specific metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of cortical microglia/macrophages in APPPS1-21 mice with an antibiotic-perturbed-microbiome. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:95. [PMID: 38104136 PMCID: PMC10725591 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the brain-resident macrophages perform immune surveillance and engage with pathological processes resulting in phenotype changes necessary for maintaining homeostasis. In preceding studies, we showed that antibiotic-induced perturbations of the gut microbiome of APPPS1-21 mice resulted in significant attenuation in Aβ amyloidosis and altered microglial phenotypes that are specific to male mice. The molecular events underlying microglial phenotypic transitions remain unclear. Here, by generating 'APPPS1-21-CD11br' reporter mice, we investigated the translational state of microglial/macrophage ribosomes during their phenotypic transition and in a sex-specific manner. METHODS Six groups of mice that included WT-CD11br, antibiotic (ABX) or vehicle-treated APPPS1-21-CD11br males and females were sacrificed at 7-weeks of age (n = 15/group) and used for immunoprecipitation of microglial/macrophage polysomes from cortical homogenates using anti-FLAG antibody. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and label-free quantification was used to identify newly synthesized peptides isolated from polysomes. RESULTS We show that ABX-treatment leads to decreased Aβ levels in male APPPS1-21-CD11br mice with no significant changes in females. We identified microglial/macrophage polypeptides involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and altered calcium signaling that are associated with Aβ-induced oxidative stress. Notably, female mice also showed downregulation of newly-synthesized ribosomal proteins. Furthermore, male mice showed an increase in newly-synthesized polypeptides involved in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, while females showed an increase in newly-synthesized polypeptides responsible for actin organization associated with microglial activation. Next, we show that ABX-treatment resulted in substantial remodeling of the epigenetic landscape, leading to a metabolic shift that accommodates the increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands associated with microglial polarization in a sex-specific manner. While microglia in ABX-treated male mice exhibited a metabolic shift towards a neuroprotective phenotype that promotes Aβ clearance, microglia in ABX-treated female mice exhibited loss of energy homeostasis due to persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired lysosomal clearance that was associated with inflammatory phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide the first snapshot of the translational state of microglial/macrophage cells in a mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis that was subject to ABX treatment. ABX-mediated changes resulted in metabolic reprogramming of microglial phenotypes to modulate immune responses and amyloid clearance in a sex-specific manner. This microglial plasticity to support neuro-energetic homeostasis for its function based on sex paves the path for therapeutic modulation of immunometabolism for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana M Shaik
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yajun Cao
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph V Gogola
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hemraj B Dodiya
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xulun Zhang
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hejer Boutej
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Weinong Han
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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11
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Sudwarts A, Thinakaran G. Alzheimer's genes in microglia: a risk worth investigating. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:90. [PMID: 37986179 PMCID: PMC10662636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite expressing many key risk genes, the role of microglia in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology is somewhat ambiguous, with various phenotypes reported to be either harmful or protective. Herein, we review some key findings from clinical and animal model investigations, discussing the role of microglial genetics in mediating perturbations from homeostasis. We note that impairment to protective phenotypes may include prolonged or insufficient microglial activation, resulting in dysregulated metabolomic (notably lipid-related) processes, compounded by age-related inflexibility in dynamic responses. Insufficiencies of mouse genetics and aggressive transgenic modelling imply severe limitations in applying current methodologies for aetiological investigations. Despite the shortcomings, widely used amyloidosis and tauopathy models of the disease have proven invaluable in dissecting microglial functional responses to AD pathophysiology. Some recent advances have brought modelling tools closer to human genetics, increasing the validity of both aetiological and translational endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Sudwarts
- Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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12
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Liu X, Han W, Hu X. Post-transcriptional regulation of myeloid cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Adv Immunol 2023; 160:59-82. [PMID: 38042586 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells, particularly macrophages, act as the frontline responders to infectious agents and initiate inflammation. While the molecular mechanisms driving inflammatory responses have primarily focused on pattern recognition by myeloid cells and subsequent transcriptional events, it is crucial to note that post-transcriptional regulation plays a pivotal role in this process. In addition to the transcriptional regulation of innate immune responses, additional layers of intricate network of post-transcriptional mechanisms critically determine the quantity and duration of key inflammatory products and thus the outcome of immune responses. A multitude of mechanisms governing post-transcriptional regulation in innate immunity have been uncovered, encompassing RNA alternative splicing, mRNA stability, and translational regulation. This review encapsulates the current insights into the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory genes within myeloid cells, with particular emphasis on translational regulation during inflammation. While acknowledging the advancements, we also shed light on the existing gaps in immunological research pertaining to post-transcriptional levels and propose perspectives that controlling post-transcriptional process may serve as potential targets for therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxian Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, P.R. China.
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13
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Wu W, Hu A, Xu H, Su J. LincRNA-EPS Alleviates Inflammation in TMJ Osteoarthritis by Binding to SRSF3. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1141-1151. [PMID: 37464762 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231180464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a common inflammatory disease that can cause pain, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone loss. However, the key regulatory factors and new targets for the treatment of TMJOA have yet to be determined. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown remarkable potential in regulating tissue homeostasis and disease development. The long intergenic RNA-erythroid prosurvival (lincRNA-EPS) is reported to be an effective inhibitor of inflammation, but its role in TMJOA is unexplored. Here, we found that lincRNA-EPS is downregulated and negatively correlated with inflammatory factors in the condyles of TMJOA mice. LincRNA-EPS knockout aggravated inflammation and tissue destruction after TMJOA modeling. The in vitro studies confirmed that loss of lincRNA-EPS facilitated inflammatory factor expression in condylar chondrocytes, while recovered expression of lincRNA-EPS showed anti-inflammatory effects. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing revealed that the inflammatory response pathway nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was mostly affected by lincRNA-EPS deficiency. Moreover, lincRNA-EPS was proved to effectively bind to serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) and inhibit its function in pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) formation, thus restraining the PKM2/NF-κB pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, local injection of the lincRNA-EPS overexpression lentivirus significantly alleviated inflammation, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone loss in TMJOA mice. Overall, lincRNA-EPS regulated the inflammatory process of condylar chondrocytes by binding to SRSF3 and showed translational application potential in the treatment of TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - A Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - J Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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14
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Li D, Yu W, Lai M. Towards understandings of serine/arginine-rich splicing factors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3181-3207. [PMID: 37655328 PMCID: PMC10465970 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SRSFs) refer to twelve RNA-binding proteins which regulate splice site recognition and spliceosome assembly during precursor messenger RNA splicing. SRSFs also participate in other RNA metabolic events, such as transcription, translation and nonsense-mediated decay, during their shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm, making them indispensable for genome diversity and cellular activity. Of note, aberrant SRSF expression and/or mutations elicit fallacies in gene splicing, leading to the generation of pathogenic gene and protein isoforms, which highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting SRSF to treat diseases. In this review, we updated current understanding of SRSF structures and functions in RNA metabolism. Next, we analyzed SRSF-induced aberrant gene expression and their pathogenic outcomes in cancers and non-tumor diseases. The development of some well-characterized SRSF inhibitors was discussed in detail. We hope this review will contribute to future studies of SRSF functions and drug development targeting SRSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyang Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Maode Lai
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pathology, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (2019RU042), Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Hernandez VG, Lechtenberg KJ, Peterson TC, Zhu L, Lucas TA, Bradshaw KP, Owah JO, Dorsey AI, Gentles AJ, Buckwalter MS. Translatome analysis reveals microglia and astrocytes to be distinct regulators of inflammation in the hyperacute and acute phases after stroke. Glia 2023; 71:1960-1984. [PMID: 37067534 PMCID: PMC10330240 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of ischemic stroke, which is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Understanding the exact cellular signaling pathways that initiate and propagate neuroinflammation after stroke will be critical for developing immunomodulatory stroke therapies. In particular, the precise mechanisms of inflammatory signaling in the clinically relevant hyperacute period, hours after stroke, have not been elucidated. We used the RiboTag technique to obtain microglia and astrocyte-derived mRNA transcripts in a hyperacute (4 h) and acute (3 days) period after stroke, as these two cell types are key modulators of acute neuroinflammation. Microglia initiated a rapid response to stroke at 4 h by adopting an inflammatory profile associated with the recruitment of immune cells. The hyperacute astrocyte profile was marked by stress response genes and transcription factors, such as Fos and Jun, involved in pro-inflammatory pathways such as TNF-α. By 3 days, microglia shift to a proliferative state and astrocytes strengthen their inflammatory response. The astrocyte pro-inflammatory response at 3 days is partially driven by the upregulation of the transcription factors C/EBPβ, Spi1, and Rel, which comprise 25% of upregulated transcription factor-target interactions. Surprisingly, few sex differences across all groups were observed. Expression and log2 fold data for all sequenced genes are available on a user-friendly website for researchers to examine gene changes and generate hypotheses for stroke targets. Taken together, our data comprehensively describe the microglia and astrocyte-specific translatome response in the hyperacute and acute period after stroke and identify pathways critical for initiating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Hernandez
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Kendra J Lechtenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Todd C Peterson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Tawaun A Lucas
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Karen P Bradshaw
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Justice O Owah
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Alanna I Dorsey
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine - Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marion S Buckwalter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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16
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Vasek MJ, Mueller SM, Fass SB, Deajon-Jackson JD, Liu Y, Crosby HW, Koester SK, Yi J, Li Q, Dougherty JD. Local translation in microglial processes is required for efficient phagocytosis. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1185-1195. [PMID: 37277487 PMCID: PMC10580685 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes locally regulate protein translation within distal processes. Here, we tested whether there is regulated local translation within peripheral microglial processes (PeMPs) from mouse brain. We show that PeMPs contain ribosomes that engage in de novo protein synthesis, and these are associated with transcripts involved in pathogen defense, motility and phagocytosis. Using a live slice preparation, we further show that acute translation blockade impairs the formation of PeMP phagocytic cups, the localization of lysosomal proteins within them, and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and pathogen-like particles. Finally, PeMPs severed from their somata exhibit and require de novo local protein synthesis to effectively surround pathogen-like particles. Collectively, these data argue for regulated local translation in PeMPs and indicate a need for new translation to support dynamic microglial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Vasek
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shayna M Mueller
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart B Fass
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jelani D Deajon-Jackson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haley W Crosby
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah K Koester
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiwon Yi
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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17
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Tichauer JE, Arellano G, Acuña E, González LF, Kannaiyan NR, Murgas P, Panadero-Medianero C, Ibañez-Vega J, Burgos PI, Loda E, Miller SD, Rossner MJ, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Naves R. Interferon-gamma ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inducing homeostatic adaptation of microglia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191838. [PMID: 37334380 PMCID: PMC10272814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has shown that interferon (IFN)-γ has dual effects in multiple sclerosis and in its animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with results supporting both a pathogenic and beneficial function. However, the mechanisms whereby IFN-γ may promote neuroprotection in EAE and its effects on central nervous system (CNS)-resident cells have remained an enigma for more than 30 years. In this study, the impact of IFN-γ at the peak of EAE, its effects on CNS infiltrating myeloid cells (MC) and microglia (MG), and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms were investigated. IFN-γ administration resulted in disease amelioration and attenuation of neuroinflammation associated with significantly lower frequencies of CNS CD11b+ myeloid cells and less infiltration of inflammatory cells and demyelination. A significant reduction in activated MG and enhanced resting MG was determined by flow cytometry and immunohistrochemistry. Primary MC/MG cultures obtained from the spinal cord of IFN-γ-treated EAE mice that were ex vivo re-stimulated with a low dose (1 ng/ml) of IFN-γ and neuroantigen, promoted a significantly higher induction of CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells associated with increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β secretion. Additionally, IFN-γ-treated primary MC/MG cultures produced significantly lower nitrite in response to LPS challenge than control MC/MG. IFN-γ-treated EAE mice had a significantly higher frequency of CX3CR1high MC/MG and expressed lower levels of program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) than PBS-treated mice. Most CX3CR1highPD-L1lowCD11b+Ly6G- cells expressed MG markers (Tmem119, Sall2, and P2ry12), indicating that they represented an enriched MG subset (CX3CR1highPD-L1low MG). Amelioration of clinical symptoms and induction of CX3CR1highPD-L1low MG by IFN-γ were dependent on STAT-1. RNA-seq analyses revealed that in vivo treatment with IFN-γ promoted the induction of homeostatic CX3CR1highPD-L1low MG, upregulating the expression of genes associated with tolerogenic and anti-inflammatory roles and down-regulating pro-inflammatory genes. These analyses highlight the master role that IFN-γ plays in regulating microglial activity and provide new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the therapeutic activity of IFN-γ in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E. Tichauer
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Arellano
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eric Acuña
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis F. González
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nirmal R. Kannaiyan
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paola Murgas
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jorge Ibañez-Vega
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula I. Burgos
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eileah Loda
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J. Gebicke-Haerter
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Sunna S, Bowen C, Zeng H, Rayaprolu S, Kumar P, Bagchi P, Dammer EB, Guo Q, Duong DM, Bitarafan S, Natu A, Wood L, Seyfried NT, Rangaraju S. Cellular Proteomic Profiling Using Proximity Labeling by TurboID-NES in Microglial and Neuronal Cell Lines. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100546. [PMID: 37061046 PMCID: PMC10205547 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Different brain cell types play distinct roles in brain development and disease. Molecular characterization of cell-specific mechanisms using cell type-specific approaches at the protein (proteomic) level can provide biological and therapeutic insights. To overcome the barriers of conventional isolation-based methods for cell type-specific proteomics, in vivo proteomic labeling with proximity-dependent biotinylation of cytosolic proteins using biotin ligase TurboID, coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) of labeled proteins, emerged as a powerful strategy for cell type-specific proteomics in the native state of cells without the need for cellular isolation. To complement in vivo proximity labeling approaches, in vitro studies are needed to ensure that cellular proteomes using the TurboID approach are representative of the whole-cell proteome and capture cellular responses to stimuli without disruption of cellular processes. To address this, we generated murine neuroblastoma (N2A) and microglial (BV2) lines stably expressing cytosolic TurboID to biotinylate the cellular proteome for downstream purification and analysis using MS. TurboID-mediated biotinylation captured 59% of BV2 and 65% of N2A proteomes under homeostatic conditions. TurboID labeled endolysosome, translation, vesicle, and signaling proteins in BV2 microglia and synaptic, neuron projection, and microtubule proteins in N2A neurons. TurboID expression and biotinylation minimally impacted homeostatic cellular proteomes of BV2 and N2A cells and did not affect lipopolysaccharide-mediated cytokine production or resting cellular respiration in BV2 cells. MS analysis of the microglial biotin-labeled proteins captured the impact of lipopolysaccharide treatment (>500 differentially abundant proteins) including increased canonical proinflammatory proteins (Il1a, Irg1, and Oasl1) and decreased anti-inflammatory proteins (Arg1 and Mgl2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Sunna
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine Bowen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hollis Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Prateek Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qi Guo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara Bitarafan
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aditya Natu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Levi Wood
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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19
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Shafqat A, Albalkhi I, Magableh HM, Saleh T, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Tackling the glial scar in spinal cord regeneration: new discoveries and future directions. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1180825. [PMID: 37293626 PMCID: PMC10244598 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1180825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration and functional recovery are poor after spinal cord injury (SCI), typified by the formation of an injury scar. While this scar was traditionally believed to be primarily responsible for axonal regeneration failure, current knowledge takes a more holistic approach that considers the intrinsic growth capacity of axons. Targeting the SCI scar has also not reproducibly yielded nearly the same efficacy in animal models compared to these neuron-directed approaches. These results suggest that the major reason behind central nervous system (CNS) regeneration failure is not the injury scar but a failure to stimulate axon growth adequately. These findings raise questions about whether targeting neuroinflammation and glial scarring still constitute viable translational avenues. We provide a comprehensive review of the dual role of neuroinflammation and scarring after SCI and how future research can produce therapeutic strategies targeting the hurdles to axonal regeneration posed by these processes without compromising neuroprotection.
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20
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Maitra M, Mitsuhashi H, Rahimian R, Chawla A, Yang J, Fiori LM, Davoli MA, Perlman K, Aouabed Z, Mash DC, Suderman M, Mechawar N, Turecki G, Nagy C. Cell type specific transcriptomic differences in depression show similar patterns between males and females but implicate distinct cell types and genes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2912. [PMID: 37217515 PMCID: PMC10203145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, heterogenous, and potentially serious psychiatric illness. Diverse brain cell types have been implicated in MDD etiology. Significant sexual differences exist in MDD clinical presentation and outcome, and recent evidence suggests different molecular bases for male and female MDD. We evaluated over 160,000 nuclei from 71 female and male donors, leveraging new and pre-existing single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Cell type specific transcriptome-wide threshold-free MDD-associated gene expression patterns were similar between the sexes, but significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) diverged. Among 7 broad cell types and 41 clusters evaluated, microglia and parvalbumin interneurons contributed the most DEGs in females, while deep layer excitatory neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursors were the major contributors in males. Further, the Mic1 cluster with 38% of female DEGs and the ExN10_L46 cluster with 53% of male DEGs, stood out in the meta-analysis of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malosree Maitra
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Haruka Mitsuhashi
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Reza Rahimian
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anjali Chawla
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennie Yang
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura M Fiori
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Antonietta Davoli
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Perlman
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zahia Aouabed
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kumar K, Sinha SK, Maity U, Kirti PB, Kumar KRR. Insights into established and emerging roles of SR protein family in plants and animals. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1763. [PMID: 36131558 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Splicing of pre-mRNA is an essential part of eukaryotic gene expression. Serine-/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are highly conserved RNA-binding proteins present in all metazoans and plants. SR proteins are involved in constitutive and alternative splicing, thereby regulating the transcriptome and proteome diversity in the organism. In addition to their role in splicing, SR proteins are also involved in mRNA export, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, mRNA stability, and translation. Due to their pivotal roles in mRNA metabolism, SR proteins play essential roles in normal growth and development. Hence, any misregulation of this set of proteins causes developmental defects in both plants and animals. SR proteins from the animal kingdom are extensively studied for their canonical and noncanonical functions. Compared with the animal kingdom, plant genomes harbor more SR protein-encoding genes and greater diversity of SR proteins, which are probably evolved for plant-specific functions. Evidence from both plants and animals confirms the essential role of SR proteins as regulators of gene expression influencing cellular processes, developmental stages, and disease conditions. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | - Shubham Kumar Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | - Upasana Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
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22
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Splicing factor SRSF3 represses translation of p21 cip1/waf1 mRNA. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:933. [PMID: 36344491 PMCID: PMC9640673 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) is an RNA binding protein that most often regulates gene expression at the splicing level. Although the role of SRSF3 in mRNA splicing in the nucleus is well known, its splicing-independent role outside of the nucleus is poorly understood. Here, we found that SRSF3 exerts a translational control of p21 mRNA. Depletion of SRSF3 induces cellular senescence and increases the expression of p21 independent of p53. Consistent with the expression patterns of SRSF3 and p21 mRNA in the TCGA database, SRSF3 knockdown increases the p21 mRNA level and its translation efficiency as well. SRSF3 physically associates with the 3'UTR region of p21 mRNA and the translational initiation factor, eIF4A1. Our study proposes a model in which SRSF3 regulates translation by interacting with eIF4A1 at the 3'UTR region of p21 mRNA. We also found that SRSF3 localizes to the cytoplasmic RNA granule along with eIF4A1, which may assist in translational repression therein. Thus, our results provide a new mode of regulation for p21 expression, a crucial regulator of the cell cycle and senescence, which occurs at the translational level and involves SRSF3.
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23
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Minichino D, Lv K, Chu N, Tong W, Behrens EM. BRAF-V600E utilizes posttranscriptional mechanisms to amplify LPS-induced TNFα production in dendritic cells in a mouse model of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1089-1104. [PMID: 35648675 PMCID: PMC9939017 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0122-075rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory disease characterized by abnormal dendritic cells (DCs) with hyperactive ERK signaling, called "LCH cells." Since DCs rely on ERK signaling to produce inflammatory molecules in response to pathogenic cues, we hypothesized that hyperactive ERK enhances DCs inflammatory responses. We specifically investigated TLR4-induced TNFα production in LCH cells by utilizing the BRAF-V600Efl/+ :CD11c-Cre mouse model of LCH, which hyperactivates ERK in DCs. We measured LPS-induced TNFα production both in vivo and in vitro using splenic CD11c+ cells and bone marrow-derived DCs with or without pharmacologic BRAFV600E inhibition. We observed a reversible increase in secreted TNFα and a partially reversible increase in TNFα protein per cell, despite a decrease in TLR4 signaling and Tnfa transcripts compared with controls. We examined ERK-driven, posttranscriptional mechanisms that contribute to TNFα production and secretion using biochemical and cellular assays. We identified a reversible increase in TACE activation, the enzyme required for TNFα secretion, and most strikingly, an increase in protein translation, including TNFα. Defining the translatome through polysome-bound RNA sequencing revealed up-regulated translation of the LPS-response program. These data suggest hyperactive ERK signaling utilizes multiple posttranscriptional mechanisms to amplify inflammatory responses in DCs, advancing our understanding of LCH and basic DC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Minichino
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kaosheng Lv
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Niansheng Chu
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Brace N, Megson IL, Rossi AG, Doherty MK, Whitfield PD. SILAC-based quantitative proteomics to investigate the eicosanoid associated inflammatory response in activated macrophages. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:12. [PMID: 36050729 PMCID: PMC9438320 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play a central role in inflammation by phagocytosing invading pathogens, apoptotic cells and debris, as well as mediating repair of tissues damaged by trauma. In order to do this, these dynamic cells generate a variety of inflammatory mediators including eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatraenoic acids (HETEs) that are formed through the cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 pathways. The ability to examine the effects of eicosanoid production at the protein level is therefore critical to understanding the mechanisms associated with macrophage activation. RESULTS This study presents a stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) -based proteomics strategy to quantify the changes in macrophage protein abundance following inflammatory stimulation with Kdo2-lipid A and ATP, with a focus on eicosanoid metabolism and regulation. Detailed gene ontology analysis, at the protein level, revealed several key pathways with a decrease in expression in response to macrophage activation, which included a promotion of macrophage polarisation and dynamic changes to energy requirements, transcription and translation. These findings suggest that, whilst there is evidence for the induction of a pro-inflammatory response in the form of prostaglandin secretion, there is also metabolic reprogramming along with a change in cell polarisation towards a reduced pro-inflammatory phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Advanced quantitative proteomics in conjunction with functional pathway network analysis is a useful tool to investigate the molecular pathways involved in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Brace
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Ian L Megson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mary K Doherty
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Phillip D Whitfield
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK.
- Present Address: Glasgow Polyomics, Garscube Campus, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
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A retrotransposon storm marks clinical phenoconversion to late-onset Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2022; 44:1525-1550. [PMID: 35585302 PMCID: PMC9213607 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have suggested that the reactivation of otherwise transcriptionally silent transposable elements (TEs) might induce brain degeneration, either by dysregulating the expression of genes and pathways implicated in cognitive decline and dementia or through the induction of immune-mediated neuroinflammation resulting in the elimination of neural and glial cells. In the work we present here, we test the hypothesis that differentially expressed TEs in blood could be used as biomarkers of cognitive decline and development of AD. To this aim, we used a sample of aging subjects (age > 70) that developed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) over a relatively short period of time (12–48 months), for which blood was available before and after their phenoconversion, and a group of cognitive stable subjects as controls. We applied our developed and validated customized pipeline that allows the identification, characterization, and quantification of the differentially expressed (DE) TEs before and after the onset of manifest LOAD, through analyses of RNA-Seq data. We compared the level of DE TEs within more than 600,000 TE-mapping RNA transcripts from 25 individuals, whose specimens we obtained before and after their phenotypic conversion (phenoconversion) to LOAD, and discovered that 1790 TE transcripts showed significant expression differences between these two timepoints (logFC ± 1.5, logCMP > 5.3, nominal p value < 0.01). These DE transcripts mapped both over- and under-expressed TE elements. Occurring before the clinical phenoconversion, this TE storm features significant increases in DE transcripts of LINEs, LTRs, and SVAs, while those for SINEs are significantly depleted. These dysregulations end with signs of manifest LOAD. This set of highly DE transcripts generates a TE transcriptional profile that accurately discriminates the before and after phenoconversion states of these subjects. Our findings suggest that a storm of DE TEs occurs before phenoconversion from normal cognition to manifest LOAD in risk individuals compared to controls, and may provide useful blood-based biomarkers for heralding such a clinical transition, also suggesting that TEs can indeed participate in the complex process of neurodegeneration.
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26
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Discovery of a dual-action small molecule that improves neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115082119. [PMID: 35027452 PMCID: PMC8784098 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115082119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disease, multitargeted therapeutic approaches are likely required for effective AD treatment. The importance of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activation in the various neuropathological features of AD is well-known. Therefore, in this study, we focused on identifying an efficient, direct inhibitor of ASM activity. We found that KARI 201 was a highly selective ASM activity inhibitor without any off-target effects. Through RNA-sequencing analysis in brains of AD mice, we also unexpectedly uncovered the role of KARI 201 as a ghrelin receptor agonist. This dual role of KARI 201 in neurons led to improvement of Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, synapse loss, hippocampal neurogenesis, and memory dysfunction in AD mice. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by complex, multifactorial neuropathology, suggesting that small molecules targeting multiple neuropathological factors are likely required to successfully impact clinical progression. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activation has been recognized as an important contributor to these neuropathological features in AD, leading to the concept of using ASM inhibitors for the treatment of this disorder. Here we report the identification of KARI 201, a direct ASM inhibitor evaluated for AD treatment. KARI 201 exhibits highly selective inhibition effects on ASM, with excellent pharmacokinetic properties, especially with regard to brain distribution. Unexpectedly, we found another role of KARI 201 as a ghrelin receptor agonist, which also has therapeutic potential for AD treatment. This dual role of KARI 201 in neurons efficiently rescued neuropathological features in AD mice, including amyloid beta deposition, autophagy dysfunction, neuroinflammation, synaptic loss, and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, leading to an improvement in memory function. Our data highlight the possibility of potential clinical application of KARI 201 as an innovative and multifaceted drug for AD treatment.
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27
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Lee J, Park S, Kim Y, Kim HM, Oh CM. Exploring the Genetic Associations Between the Use of Statins and Alzheimer's Disease. J Lipid Atheroscler 2022; 11:133-146. [PMID: 35656152 PMCID: PMC9133776 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The statins have shown beneficial effects on cognitive functions and reduced the risk of dementia development. However, the exact mechanisms of statin effects in AD are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of statin on AD. Methods We downloaded AD blood dataset (GSE63060) and statin-related blood gene expression dataset (GSE86216). Then we performed gene expression analysis of each dataset and compared blood gene expressions between AD patients and statin-treated patients. Then, we downloaded mouse embryonic neural stem cell dataset (GSE111945) and performed gene expression analysis. Results From the human blood dataset, we identified upregulated/downregulated genes in AD patients and statin-treated patients. Some of the upregulated genes (AEN, MBTPS1, ABCG1) in the blood of AD patients are downregulated in statin-treated patients. Several downregulated genes (FGL2, HMGCS1, PSME2, SRSF3, and ATG3) are upregulated in statin-treated patients. Gene set enrichment analysis using mouse stem cell dataset revealed a significant relationship of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes-defined pathway of AD in statin-treated neural stem cells compared to vehicle-treated neural stem cells (normalized enrichment score: −2.24 in male and −1.6 in female). Conclusion These gene expression analyses from human blood and mouse neural stem cell demonstrate the important clues on the molecular mechanisms of impacts of statin on AD disease. Further studies are needed to investigate the exact role of candidate genes and pathways suggested in our AD pathogenesis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibeom Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Suhyeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yumin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
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28
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Rahimian R, Belliveau C, Chen R, Mechawar N. Microglial Inflammatory-Metabolic Pathways and Their Potential Therapeutic Implication in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871997. [PMID: 35782423 PMCID: PMC9245023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the notion that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), at least in a subset of patients. By virtue of their capacity to transform into reactive states in response to inflammatory insults, microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play a pivotal role in the induction of neuroinflammation. Experimental studies have demonstrated the ability of microglia to recognize pathogens or damaged cells, leading to the activation of a cytotoxic response that exacerbates damage to brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of responses to injury and may also promote resolution stages of inflammation and tissue regeneration. MDD has been associated with chronic priming of microglia. Recent studies suggest that altered microglial morphology and function, caused either by intense inflammatory activation or by senescence, may contribute to depression and associated impairments in neuroplasticity. In this context, modifying microglia phenotype by tuning inflammatory pathways might have important translational relevance to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. Interestingly, it was recently shown that different microglial phenotypes are associated with distinct metabolic pathways and analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms points to an instrumental role for energy metabolism in shaping microglial functions. Here, we review various canonical pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and metabolic pathways in microglia that may provide new therapeutic opportunities to control neuroinflammation in brain disorders, with a strong focus on MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Belliveau
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Chen
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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McFarland KN, Chakrabarty P. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: a Key Player in the Transition Between Homeostasis and Pathogenesis. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:186-208. [PMID: 35286658 PMCID: PMC9130399 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune activation accompanies the development of proteinopathy in the brains of Alzheimer's dementia patients. Evolving from the long-held viewpoint that immune activation triggers the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease, there is accumulating evidence now that microglial activation is neither pro-amyloidogenic nor just a simple reactive process to the proteinopathy. Preclinical studies highlight an interesting aspect of immunity, i.e., spurring immune system activity may be beneficial under certain circumstances. Indeed, a dynamic evolving relationship between different activation states of the immune system and its neuronal neighbors is thought to regulate overall brain organ health in both healthy aging and progression of Alzheimer's dementia. A new premise evolving from genome, transcriptome, and proteome data is that there might be at least two major phases of immune activation that accompany the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease. Though activation on a chronic scale will certainly lead to neurodegeneration, this emerging knowledge of a potential beneficial aspect of immune activation allows us to form holistic insights into when, where, and how much immune system activity would need to be tuned to impact the Alzheimer's neurodegenerative cascade. Even with the trove of recently emerging -omics data from patients and preclinical models, how microglial phenotypes are functionally related to the transition of a healthy aging brain towards progressive degenerative state remains unknown. A deeper understanding of the synergism between microglial functional states and brain organ health could help us discover newer interventions and therapies that enable us to address the current paucity of disease-modifying therapies in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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30
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Exploring the multifunctionality of SR proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 50:187-198. [PMID: 34940860 PMCID: PMC9022966 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Members of the arginine–serine-rich protein family (SR proteins) are multifunctional RNA-binding proteins that have emerged as key determinants for mRNP formation, identity and fate. They bind to pre-mRNAs early during transcription in the nucleus and accompany bound transcripts until they are translated or degraded in the cytoplasm. SR proteins are mostly known for their essential roles in constitutive splicing and as regulators of alternative splicing. However, many additional activities of individual SR proteins, beyond splicing, have been reported in recent years. We will summarize the different functions of SR proteins and discuss how multifunctionality can be achieved. We will also highlight the difficulties of studying highly versatile SR proteins and propose approaches to disentangle their activities, which is transferrable to other multifunctional RBPs.
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31
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Xiong J, Chen Y, Wang W, Sun J. Biological function and molecular mechanism of SRSF3 in cancer and beyond. Oncol Lett 2021; 23:21. [PMID: 34858525 PMCID: PMC8617561 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3; also known as SRp20), an important member of the family of SRSFs, is abnormally expressed in tumors, resulting in aberrant splicing of hub genes, such as CD44, HER2, MDM4, Rac family small GTPase 1 and tumor protein p53. Under normal conditions, the splicing and expression of SRSF3 are strictly regulated. However, the splicing, expression and phosphorylation of SRSF3 are abnormal in tumors. SRSF3 plays important roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, including the promotion of tumorigenesis, cellular proliferation, the cell cycle and metastasis, as well as inhibition of cell senescence, apoptosis and autophagy. SRSF3-knockdown significantly inhibits the proliferation and metastatic characteristics of tumor cells. Therefore, SRSF3 may be suggested as a novel anti-tumor target. The other biological functions of SRSF3 and its regulatory mechanisms are also summarized in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiong
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Yinshuang Chen
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
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Saturated and unsaturated fat diets impair hippocampal glutamatergic transmission in adolescent mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105429. [PMID: 34624673 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) has been associated with neuronal plasticity deficits and cognitive disorders linked to the alteration of glutamatergic disorders in the hippocampus. As young individuals are especially vulnerable to the effects of nutrients and xenobiotics on cognition, we studied the effect of chronic consumption of saturated (SOLF) and unsaturated oil-enriched foods (UOLF) on: i) spatial memory; ii) hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity; and iii) gene expression of glutamatergic receptors and hormone receptors in the hippocampus of adolescent and adult mice. Our results show that both SOLF and UOLF impair spatial short-term memory. Accordingly, hippocampal synaptic plasticity mechanisms underlying memory, and gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits are modulated by both diets. On the other hand, PPARγ gene expression is specifically down-regulated in adolescent SOLF individuals and up-regulated in adult UOLF mice.
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Rayasam A, Fukuzaki Y, Vexler ZS. Microglia-leucocyte axis in cerebral ischaemia and inflammation in the developing brain. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13674. [PMID: 33991400 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of the Central Nervous System (CNS) is reliant on the proper function of numerous intricately orchestrated mechanisms that mature independently, including constant communication between the CNS and the peripheral immune system. This review summarizes experimental knowledge of how cerebral ischaemia in infants and children alters physiological communication between leucocytes, brain immune cells, microglia and the neurovascular unit (NVU)-the "microglia-leucocyte axis"-and contributes to acute and long-term brain injury. We outline physiological development of CNS barriers in relation to microglial and leucocyte maturation and the plethora of mechanisms by which microglia and peripheral leucocytes communicate during postnatal period, including receptor-mediated and intracellular inflammatory signalling, lipids, soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. We focus on the "microglia-leucocyte axis" in rodent models of most common ischaemic brain diseases in the at-term infants, hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and focal arterial stroke and discuss commonalities and distinctions of immune-neurovascular mechanisms in neonatal and childhood stroke compared to stroke in adults. Given that hypoxic and ischaemic brain damage involve Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, we discuss the modulatory role of viral and bacterial TLR2/3/4-mediated infection in HIE, perinatal and childhood stroke. Furthermore, we provide perspective of the dynamics and contribution of the axis in cerebral ischaemia depending on the CNS maturational stage at the time of insult, and modulation independently and in consort by individual axis components and in a sex dependent ways. Improved understanding on how to modify crosstalk between microglia and leucocytes will aid in developing age-appropriate therapies for infants and children who suffered cerebral ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Yumi Fukuzaki
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Zinaida S. Vexler
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
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Dumont AA, Dumont L, Zhou D, Giguère H, Pileggi C, Harper ME, Blondin DP, Scott MS, Auger-Messier M. Cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 deletion reveals a mitochondrial regulatory role. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21544. [PMID: 33819356 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002293rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) was recently reported as being necessary to preserve RNA stability via an mTOR mechanism in a cardiac mouse model in adulthood. Here, we demonstrate the link between Srsf3 and mitochondrial integrity in an embryonic cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. Fifteen-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice showed dramatically reduced (below 50%) survival and reduced the left ventricular systolic performance, and histological analysis of these hearts revealed a significant increase in cardiomyocyte size, confirming the severe remodeling induced by Srsf3 deletion. RNA-seq analysis of the hearts of 5-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice revealed early changes in expression levels and alternative splicing of several transcripts related to mitochondrial integrity and oxidative phosphorylation. Likewise, the levels of several protein complexes of the electron transport chain decreased, and mitochondrial complex I-driven respiration of permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers from the left ventricle was impaired. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed disordered mitochondrial length and cristae structure. Together with its indispensable role in the physiological maintenance of mouse hearts, these results highlight the previously unrecognized function of Srsf3 in regulating the mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Ann Dumont
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lauralyne Dumont
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Delong Zhou
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de Biochimie et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Acharjee S, Gordon PMK, Lee BH, Read J, Workentine ML, Sharkey KA, Pittman QJ. Characterization of microglial transcriptomes in the brain and spinal cord of mice in early and late experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a RiboTag strategy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14319. [PMID: 34253764 PMCID: PMC8275680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To more fully understand the role of microglia in EAE we characterized microglial transcriptomes before the onset of motor symptoms (pre-onset) and during symptomatic EAE. We compared the transcriptome in brain, where behavioral changes are initiated, and spinal cord, where damage is revealed as motor and sensory deficits. We used a RiboTag strategy to characterize ribosome-bound mRNA only in microglia without incurring possible transcriptional changes after cell isolation. Brain and spinal cord samples clustered separately at both stages of EAE, indicating regional heterogeneity. Differences in gene expression were observed in the brain and spinal cord of pre-onset and symptomatic animals with most profound effects in the spinal cord of symptomatic animals. Canonical pathway analysis revealed changes in neuroinflammatory pathways, immune functions and enhanced cell division in both pre-onset and symptomatic brain and spinal cord. We also observed a continuum of many pathways at pre-onset stage that continue into the symptomatic stage of EAE. Our results provide additional evidence of regional and temporal heterogeneity in microglial gene expression patterns that may help in understanding mechanisms underlying various symptomology in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaona Acharjee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul M K Gordon
- Centre for Health Genomics and Informatics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Justin Read
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Matthew L Workentine
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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McFarland KN, Ceballos C, Rosario A, Ladd T, Moore B, Golde G, Wang X, Allen M, Ertekin-Taner N, Funk CC, Robinson M, Baloni P, Rappaport N, Chakrabarty P, Golde TE. Microglia show differential transcriptomic response to Aβ peptide aggregates ex vivo and in vivo. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/7/e202101108. [PMID: 34127518 PMCID: PMC8321667 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease pathology. To study microglial responses to Aβ, we applied exogenous Aβ peptide, in either oligomeric or fibrillar conformation, to primary mouse microglial cultures and evaluated system-level transcriptional changes and then compared these with transcriptomic changes in the brains of CRND8 APP mice. We find that primary microglial cultures have rapid and massive transcriptional change in response to Aβ. Transcriptomic responses to oligomeric or fibrillar Aβ in primary microglia, although partially overlapping, are distinct and are not recapitulated in vivo where Aβ progressively accumulates. Furthermore, although classic immune mediators show massive transcriptional changes in the primary microglial cultures, these changes are not observed in the mouse model. Together, these data extend previous studies which demonstrate that microglia responses ex vivo are poor proxies for in vivo responses. Finally, these data demonstrate the potential utility of using microglia as biosensors of different aggregate conformation, as the transcriptional responses to oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ can be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carolina Ceballos
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Awilda Rosario
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ladd
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brenda Moore
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Griffin Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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37
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Tondo LP, Viola TW, Fries GR, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Rothmann LM, Cupertino R, Ferreira P, Franco AR, Lane SD, Stertz L, Zhao Z, Hu R, Meyer T, Schmitz JM, Walss-Bass C, Grassi-Oliveira R. White matter deficits in cocaine use disorder: convergent evidence from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo proteomic analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:252. [PMID: 33911068 PMCID: PMC8081729 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) abnormalities in patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD) have been studied; however, the reported effects on the human brain are heterogenous and most results have been obtained from male participants. In addition, biological data supporting the imaging findings and revealing possible mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effects of chronic cocaine use (CU) on WM are largely restricted to animal studies. To evaluate the neurotoxic effects of CU in the WM, we performed an in vivo diffusion tensor imaging assessment of male and female cocaine users (n = 75) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 58). Moreover, we performed an ex vivo large-scale proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in postmortem brains of patients with CUD (n = 8) and HC (n = 12). Compared with the HC, the CUD group showed significant reductions in global fractional anisotropy (FA) (p < 0.001), and an increase in global mean (MD) and radial diffusion (RD) (both p < 0.001). The results revealed that FA, RD, and MD alterations in the CUD group were widespread along the major WM tracts, after analysis using the tract-based special statistics approach. Global FA was negatively associated with years of CU (p = 0.0421) and female sex (p < 0.001), but not with years of alcohol or nicotine use. Concerning the fibers connecting the left to the right prefrontal cortex, Brodmann area 9 (BA9), the CUD group presented lower FA (p = 0.006) and higher RD (p < 0.001) values compared with the HC group. A negative association between the duration of CU in life and FA values in this tract was also observed (p = 0.019). Proteomics analyses in BA9 found 11 proteins differentially expressed between cocaine users and controls. Among these, were proteins related to myelination and neuroinflammation. In summary, we demonstrate convergent evidence from in vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo proteomics analysis of WM disruption in CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Pizzato Tondo
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mello Rothmann
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Pedro Ferreira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Scott D Lane
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Stertz
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Analysis of Astroglial Secretomic Profile in the Mecp2-Deficient Male Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094316. [PMID: 33919253 PMCID: PMC8122273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene are responsible for Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurological disorder. MECP2 is a transcriptional modulator that finely regulates the expression of many genes, specifically in the central nervous system. Several studies have functionally linked the loss of MECP2 in astrocytes to the appearance and progression of the RTT phenotype in a non-cell autonomous manner and mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we used primary astroglial cells from Mecp2-deficient (KO) pups to identify deregulated secreted proteins. Using a differential quantitative proteomic analysis, twenty-nine proteins have been identified and four were confirmed by Western blotting with new samples as significantly deregulated. To further verify the functional relevance of these proteins in RTT, we tested their effects on the dendritic morphology of primary cortical neurons from Mecp2 KO mice that are known to display shorter dendritic processes. Using Sholl analysis, we found that incubation with Lcn2 or Lgals3 for 48 h was able to significantly increase the dendritic arborization of Mecp2 KO neurons. To our knowledge, this study, through secretomic analysis, is the first to identify astroglial secreted proteins involved in the neuronal RTT phenotype in vitro, which could open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of Rett syndrome.
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Thammisetty SS, Renaud L, Picher-Martel V, Weng YC, Calon F, Saikali S, Julien JP, Kriz J. Targeting TDP-43 Pathology Alleviates Cognitive and Motor Deficits Caused by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1095-1112. [PMID: 33786804 PMCID: PMC8423945 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia is one of the most common forms of dementia in aging population. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in development of disease and the link between the cerebrovascular pathology and the cognitive impairments remain elusive. Currently, one common and/or converging neuropathological pathway leading to dementia is the mislocalization and altered functionality of the TDP-43. We recently demonstrated that brain ischemia triggers an age-dependent deregulation of TDP-43 that was associated with exacerbated neurodegeneration. Here, we report that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in mice (CCH) produced by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion induces cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43 and formation of insoluble phosho-TDP-43 aggregates reminiscent of pathological changes detected in cortical neurons of human brain samples from patients suffering from vascular dementia. Moreover, the CCH in mice caused chronic activation of microglia and innate immune response, development of cognitive deficits, and motor impairments. Oral administration of a novel analog (IMS-088) of withaferin A, an antagonist of nuclear factor-κB essential modulator (NEMO), led to mitigation of TDP-43 pathology, enhancement of autophagy, and amelioration of cognitive/motor deficits in CCH mice. Taken together, our results suggest that targeting TDP-43 pathogenic inclusions may have a disease-modifying effect in dementia caused by chronic brain hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sampath Thammisetty
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Picher-Martel
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
- Pathology Department of the CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric Calon
- Pathology Department of the CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Stephan Saikali
- Research Centre of the CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
- Pathology Department of the CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Facultyof Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J2G3, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Facultyof Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J2G3, Quebec City, Canada.
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Loss of Quaking RNA binding protein disrupts the expression of genes associated with astrocyte maturation in mouse brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1537. [PMID: 33750804 PMCID: PMC7943582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaking RNA binding protein (QKI) is essential for oligodendrocyte development as myelination requires myelin basic protein mRNA regulation and localization by the cytoplasmic isoforms (e.g., QKI-6). QKI-6 is also highly expressed in astrocytes, which were recently demonstrated to have regulated mRNA localization. Here, we define the targets of QKI in the mouse brain via CLIPseq and we show that QKI-6 binds 3'UTRs of a subset of astrocytic mRNAs. Binding is also enriched near stop codons, mediated partially by QKI-binding motifs (QBMs), yet spreads to adjacent sequences. Using a viral approach for mosaic, astrocyte-specific gene mutation with simultaneous translating RNA sequencing (CRISPR-TRAPseq), we profile ribosome associated mRNA from QKI-null astrocytes in the mouse brain. This demonstrates a role for QKI in stabilizing CLIP-defined direct targets in astrocytes in vivo and further shows that QKI mutation disrupts the transcriptional changes for a discrete subset of genes associated with astrocyte maturation.
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Kumar S, Phaneuf D, Cordeau P, Boutej H, Kriz J, Julien JP. Induction of autophagy mitigates TDP-43 pathology and translational repression of neurofilament mRNAs in mouse models of ALS/FTD. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413517 PMCID: PMC7792109 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TDP-43 proteinopathy is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). So far, there is no therapy available for these neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the impact of TDP-43 proteinopathy on neuronal translational profile also remains unknown. Methods Biochemical, immunohistology and assay-based studies were done with cell cultures and transgenic mice models. We also used Ribotag with microarray and proteomic analysis to determine the neuronal translational profile in the mice model of ALS/FTD. Results Here, we report that oral administration of a novel analog (IMS-088) of withaferin-A, an antagonist of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) essential modulator (NEMO), induced autophagy and reduced TDP-43 proteinopathy in the brain and spinal cord of transgenic mice expressing human TDP-43 mutants, models of ALS/FTD. Treatment with IMS-088 ameliorated cognitive impairment, reduced gliosis in the brain of ALS/FTD mouse models. With the Ribotrap method, we investigated the impact of TDP-43 proteinopathy and IMS-088 treatment on the translation profile of neurons of one-year old hTDP-43A315T mice. TDP-43 proteinopathy caused translational dysregulation of specific mRNAs including translational suppression of neurofilament mRNAs resulting in 3 to 4-fold decrease in levels type IV neurofilament proteins. Oral administration of IMS-088 rescued the translational defects associated with TDP-43 proteinopathy and restored the synthesis of neurofilament proteins, which are essential for axon integrity and synaptic function. Conclusions Our study revealed that induction of autophagy reduces TDP-43 pathology and ameliorates the translational defect seen in mice models of ALS/FTD. Based on these results, we suggest IMS-088 and perhaps other inducers of autophagy should be considered as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders with TDP-43 proteinopathies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-020-00420-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Daniel Phaneuf
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Pierre Cordeau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Hejer Boutej
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, University Laval, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
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Zhang I, Lépine P, Han C, Lacalle-Aurioles M, Chen CXQ, Haag R, Durcan TM, Maysinger D. Nanotherapeutic Modulation of Human Neural Cells and Glioblastoma in Organoids and Monocultures. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112434. [PMID: 33171886 PMCID: PMC7695149 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes in the brain are orchestrated by microglia and astrocytes in response to activators such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, danger-associated molecular patterns and some nanostructures. Microglia are the primary immune responders in the brain and initiate responses amplified by astrocytes through intercellular signaling. Intercellular communication between neural cells can be studied in cerebral organoids, co-cultures or in vivo. We used human cerebral organoids and glioblastoma co-cultures to study glia modulation by dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS). dPGS is an extensively studied nanostructure with inherent anti-inflammatory properties. Under inflammatory conditions, lipocalin-2 levels in astrocytes are markedly increased and indirectly enhanced by soluble factors released from hyperactive microglia. dPGS is an effective anti-inflammatory modulator of these markers. Our results show that dPGS can enter neural cells in cerebral organoids and glial cells in monocultures in a time-dependent manner. dPGS markedly reduces lipocalin-2 abundance in the neural cells. Glioblastoma tumoroids of astrocytic origin respond to activated microglia with enhanced invasiveness, whereas conditioned media from dPGS-treated microglia reduce tumoroid invasiveness. Considering that many nanostructures have only been tested in cancer cells and rodent models, experiments in human 3D cerebral organoids and co-cultures are complementary in vitro models to evaluate nanotherapeutics in the pre-clinical setting. Thoroughly characterized organoids and standardized procedures for their preparation are prerequisites to gain information of translational value in nanomedicine. This study provides data for a well-characterized dendrimer (dPGS) that modulates the activation state of human microglia implicated in brain tumor invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Paula Lépine
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (P.L.); (C.H.); (M.L.-A.); (C.X.-Q.C.); (T.M.D.)
| | - Chanshuai Han
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (P.L.); (C.H.); (M.L.-A.); (C.X.-Q.C.); (T.M.D.)
| | - María Lacalle-Aurioles
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (P.L.); (C.H.); (M.L.-A.); (C.X.-Q.C.); (T.M.D.)
| | - Carol X.-Q. Chen
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (P.L.); (C.H.); (M.L.-A.); (C.X.-Q.C.); (T.M.D.)
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas M. Durcan
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (P.L.); (C.H.); (M.L.-A.); (C.X.-Q.C.); (T.M.D.)
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-398-1264
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Cawthon CR, Kirkland RA, Pandya S, Brinson NA, de La Serre CB. Non-neuronal crosstalk promotes an inflammatory response in nodose ganglia cultures after exposure to byproducts from gram positive, high-fat-diet-associated gut bacteria. Physiol Behav 2020; 226:113124. [PMID: 32763334 PMCID: PMC7530053 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vagal afferent neurons (VAN) projecting to the lamina propria of the digestive tract are the primary source of gut-originating signals to the central nervous system (CNS). VAN cell bodies are found in the nodose ganglia (NG). Responsiveness of VAN to gut-originating signals is altered by feeding status with sensitivity to satiety signals such as cholecystokinin (CCK) increasing in the fed state. Chronic high-fat (HF) feeding results in inflammation at the level of the NG associated with a loss of VAN ability to switch phenotype from the fasted to the fed state. HF feeding also leads to compositional changes in the gut microbiota. HF diet consumption notably drives increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla ratio and increased members of the Actinobacteria phylum. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria are largely gram positive (GP). In this study, we aimed to determine if byproducts from GP bacteria can induce an inflammatory response in cultured NG and to characterize the mechanism and cell types involved in the response. NG were collected from male Wistar rats and cultured for a total of 72 hours. At 48-68 hours after plating, cultures were treated with neuronal culture media in which Serinicoccus chungangensis had been grown and removed (SUP), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP). Some treatments included the glial inhibitors minocycline (MINO) and/or fluorocitrate (FC). The responses were evaluated using immunocytochemistry, qPCR, and electrochemiluminescence. We found that SUP induced an inflammatory response characterized by increased interleukin (IL)-6 staining and increased expression of genes for IL-6, interferon (IFN)γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α along with genes associated with cell-to-cell communication such as C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2). Inclusion of inhibitors attenuated some responses but failed to completely normalize all indications of response, highlighting the role of immunocompetent cellular crosstalk in regulating the inflammatory response. LTA and meso-DAP produced responses that shared characteristics with SUP but were not identical. Our results support a role for HF associated GP bacterial byproducts' ability to contribute to vagal inflammation and to engage signaling from nonneuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Cawthon
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Rebecca A Kirkland
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Shreya Pandya
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Nigel A Brinson
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Claire B de La Serre
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States.
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Zhou Z, Gong Q, Lin Z, Wang Y, Li M, Wang L, Ding H, Li P. Emerging Roles of SRSF3 as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577636. [PMID: 33072610 PMCID: PMC7544984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ser/Arg-rich (SR) proteins are RNA-binding proteins known as constitutive and alternative splicing (AS) regulators that regulate multiple aspects of the gene expression program. Ser/Arg-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) is the smallest member of the SR protein family, and its level is controlled by multiple factors and involves complex mechanisms in eukaryote cells, whereas the aberrant expression of SRSF3 is associated with many human diseases, including cancer. Here, we review state-of-the-art research on SRSF3 in terms of its function, expression, and misregulation in human cancers. We emphasize the negative consequences of the overexpression of the SRSF3 oncogene in cancers, the pathways underlying SRSF3-mediated transformation, and implications of potential anticancer drugs by downregulation of SRSF3 expression for cancer therapy. Cumulative research on SRSF3 provides critical insight into its essential part in maintaining cellular processes, offering potential new targets for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Departments of Pediatrics, Second Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengkun Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Ding
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Mishra PS, Boutej H, Soucy G, Bareil C, Kumar S, Picher-Martel V, Dupré N, Kriz J, Julien JP. Transmission of ALS pathogenesis by the cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:65. [PMID: 32381112 PMCID: PMC7206749 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could provide a spreading route for pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we have examined the effects of intraventricular infusion during 2 weeks of pooled CSF samples from sporadic ALS patients or control CSF samples into transgenic mice expressing human TDP43WT which do not develop pathological phenotypes. Infusion of ALS-CSF, but not of control CSF, triggered motor and cognitive dysfunction, as well as ALS-like pathological changes including TDP43 proteinopathy, neurofilament disorganization and neuroinflammation. In addition, the neuron-specific translational profiles from peptide analyses of immunoprecipitated ribosomes revealed dysregulation of multiple protein networks in response to ALS-CSF altering cytoskeletal organization, vesicle trafficking, mitochondrial function, and cell metabolism. With normal mice, similar ALS-CSF infusion induced mild motor dysfunction but without significant TDP43 pathology in spinal neurons. We conclude that the CSF from sporadic ALS contains factors that can transmit and disseminate disease including TDP43 proteinopathy into appropriate recipient animal model expressing human TDP43. These findings open new research avenues for the discovery of etiogenic factors for sporadic ALS and for the testing of drugs aiming to neutralize the ALS-CSF toxicity.
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Maternal and early postnatal immune activation produce sex-specific effects on autism-like behaviors and neuroimmune function in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16928. [PMID: 31729416 PMCID: PMC6858355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role for inflammation in neuropsychiatric conditions including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental syndrome with higher prevalence in males than females. Here we examined the effects of early-life immune system activation (EIA)—comprising regimens of prenatal, early postnatal, or combined (“two-hit”) immune activation—on the core behavioral features of ASD (decreased social interaction, increased repetitive behavior, and aberrant communication) in C57BL/6J mice. We treated timed-pregnant mice with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on gestational day 12.5 to produce maternal immune activation (MIA). Some offspring also received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on postnatal day 9 to produce postnatal immune activation (PIA). EIA produced disruptions in social behavior and increases in repetitive behaviors that were larger in males than in females. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were altered in both sexes. Molecular studies revealed that EIA also produced prominent sex-specific changes in inflammation-related gene expression in the brain. Whereas both sexes showed increases in pro-inflammatory factors, as reflected by levels of mRNA and protein, expression of anti-inflammatory factors was decreased in males but increased in females. Our findings demonstrate that EIA can produce sex-specific behavioral effects and immune responses in the brain, and identify molecular processes that may contribute to resilience in females.
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Chudinova AV, Rossel M, Vergunst A, Le-Masson G, Camu W, Raoul C, Lumbroso S, Mouzat K. Theme 4 In vivo experimental models. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:160-187. [PMID: 31702459 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1646992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: In 90% of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) cases, the disease is sporadic, the remaining 10% being familial. Many genes have been associated with the disease. The use of next generation sequencing has allowed increasing the number of genes analysed in routine diagnostics. However, this increase raises the issue of genetic variants interpretation within a growing number of ALS-associated-genes. Variant classification is based on a combinatory analysis of multiple factors. Among them, functional analyses provide strong arguments on pathogenicity interpretation.Objectives: We developed a simple animal model, the Zebrafish, for the functional analysis of candidate variants pathogenicity identified by routine genetic testing.Methods: Transient overexpression of different ALS associated genetic variants has been performed by mRNA injection in 1-cell stage zebrafish eggs. Validation of protein overexpression has been done by western blot. Embryos mortality, developmental delay and morphological abnormalities have been assessed within the first two days of development. Cellular phenotype has been investigated by the analysis of axonal length of 2-days old larvae with confocal microscopy. Motor phenotype of 5-days old larvae has been explored by touched-evoked response assay.Results: The model has been validated by the analysis of well-described ALS mutations, SOD1-Gly93Ala and OPTN Glu478Gly. Overexpression of this mutated protein was shown to provoke a shortening of axons and a premature axonal branching, as well as an impairment of motor performances as expected. We did not observe these aberrations in SOD1-WT injected fishes. Two candidate variants observed in ALS-patients have been explored with our model: SOD1 NM_000454.4:c.400_402del, p.Glu134del and OPTN NM_021980.4:c.1475T > G, p. Leu492Arg. Overexpression of both variants induced morphological abnormalities and motor impairment, suggesting a pathogenic involvement of these variants in ALS-patients.Discussion and conclusions: We developed for the first time a simple animal model, the Zebrafish, useful for the functional analysis of variant pathogenicity in order to assist ALS molecular diagnosis. Our model has been used to assess the pathogenicity of SOD1 and OPTN candidate variants, allowing to improve genetic testing interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V Chudinova
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nîmes et Université de Montpellier, Nimes, France.,INSERM UMR1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Mireille Rossel
- 3MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL Research University, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gwendal Le-Masson
- Department of Neurology, Nerve-Muscle Unit and Centre de Référence Des Pathologies Neuromusculaires CHU Bordeaux (Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - William Camu
- INSERM UMR1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France.,ALS Center, Département de Neurologie, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Raoul
- INSERM UMR1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nîmes et Université de Montpellier, Nimes, France.,INSERM UMR1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nîmes et Université de Montpellier, Nimes, France.,INSERM UMR1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
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Maysinger D, Lalancette-Hébert M, Ji J, Jabbour K, Dernedde J, Silberreis K, Haag R, Kriz J. Dendritic polyglycerols are modulators of microglia-astrocyte crosstalk. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To determine the ability of sulfated dendritic polyglycerols (dPGS) to modulate neuroglia activation challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials & methods: Microglia/astrocyte activation in vivo was determined in transgenic animals expressing TLR2-/GFAP-luciferase reporter. Mechanisms implicated in microglia-astrocyte crosstalk were studied in primary mouse brain cultures. Results & discussion: dPGS significantly reduced microglia activation in vivo, and decreased astrocytic LCN2 production. Activated microglia are necessary for astrocyte stimulation and increase in LCN2 abundance. LCN2 production in astrocytes involves signaling via toll-like receptor 4, activation of NF-κB, IL6 and enhancement of reactive oxygen species. Conclusion: dPGS are powerful modulators of microglia-astrocyte crosstalk and LCN2 abundance; dPGS are promising anti-inflammatory dendritic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | | | - Jeff Ji
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Katherine Jabbour
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Silberreis
- Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasna Kriz
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, Canada, G1J 2G3
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Speranza E, Ruibal P, Port JR, Feng F, Burkhardt L, Grundhoff A, Günther S, Oestereich L, Hiscox JA, Connor JH, Muñoz-Fontela C. T-Cell Receptor Diversity and the Control of T-Cell Homeostasis Mark Ebola Virus Disease Survival in Humans. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S508-S518. [PMID: 29986035 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in T-cell phenotype, particularly the expression of markers of T-cell homeostasis, have been observed in fatal and nonfatal Ebola virus disease (EVD). However, the relationship between these markers with T-cell function and virus clearance during EVD is poorly understood. To gain biological insight into the role of T cells during EVD, combined transcriptomics and T-cell receptor sequencing was used to profile blood samples from fatal and nonfatal EVD patients from the recent West African EVD epidemic. Fatal EVD was characterized by strong T-cell activation and increased abundance of T-cell inhibitory molecules. However, the early T-cell response was oligoclonal and did not result in viral clearance. In contrast, survivors mounted highly diverse T-cell responses, maintained low levels of T-cell inhibitors, and cleared Ebola virus. Our findings highlight the importance of T-cell immunity in surviving EVD and strengthen the foundation for further research on targeting of the dendritic cell-T cell interface for postexposure immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Speranza
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA.,Department of Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston MA.,Department of National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston MA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - Paula Ruibal
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia R Port
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner SiteHamburg, Germany
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - Lia Burkhardt
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner SiteHamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Oestereich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner SiteHamburg, Germany
| | - Julian A Hiscox
- Institute for Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA.,Department of Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston MA.,Department of National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston MA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner SiteHamburg, Germany
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50
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Vaillancourt M, Chia P, Medzikovic L, Cao N, Ruffenach G, Younessi D, Umar S. Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension Is Associated With Neuroinflammation in the Spinal Cord. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31616310 PMCID: PMC6764190 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare but fatal disease characterized by elevated pulmonary pressures and vascular remodeling, leading to right ventricular failure and death. Recently, neuroinflammation has been suggested to be involved in the sympathetic activation in experimental PH. Whether PH is associated with neuroinflammation in the spinal cord has never been investigated. Methods/Results PH was well-established in adult male Wistar rats 3-week after pulmonary endothelial toxin Monocrotaline (MCT) injection. Using the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, we found a 5-fold increase for the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in PH rats compared to controls (p < 0.05). To further determine the region of the spinal cord where GFAP was expressed, we performed immunofluorescence and found a 3 to 3.5-fold increase of GFAP marker in the gray matter, and a 2 to 3-fold increase in the white matter in the spinal cord of PH rats compared to controls. This increase was due to PH (MCT vs. Control; p < 0.01), and there was no difference between the dorsal versus ventral region. PH rats also had an increase in the pro-inflammatory marker chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) protein expression (∼ 3-fold) and (2.8 to 4-fold, p < 0.01) in the white matter. Finally, angiogenesis was increased in PH rat spinal cords assessed by the adhesion molecule CD31 expression (1.5 to 2.3-fold, p < 0.01). Conclusion We report for the first time evidence for neuroinflammation in the thoracic spinal cord of pulmonary hypertensive rats. The impact of spinal cord inflammation on cardiopulmonary function in PH remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Vaillancourt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Chia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lejla Medzikovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gregoire Ruffenach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Younessi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Soban Umar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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