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Bajinka O, Ouedraogo SY, Golubnitschaja O, Li N, Zhan X. Energy metabolism as the hub of advanced non-small cell lung cancer management: a comprehensive view in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2024; 15:289-319. [PMID: 38841622 PMCID: PMC11147999 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is a hub of governing all processes at cellular and organismal levels such as, on one hand, reparable vs. irreparable cell damage, cell fate (proliferation, survival, apoptosis, malignant transformation etc.), and, on the other hand, carcinogenesis, tumor development, progression and metastazing versus anti-cancer protection and cure. The orchestrator is the mitochondria who produce, store and invest energy, conduct intracellular and systemically relevant signals decisive for internal and environmental stress adaptation, and coordinate corresponding processes at cellular and organismal levels. Consequently, the quality of mitochondrial health and homeostasis is a reliable target for health risk assessment at the stage of reversible damage to the health followed by cost-effective personalized protection against health-to-disease transition as well as for targeted protection against the disease progression (secondary care of cancer patients against growing primary tumors and metastatic disease). The energy reprogramming of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) attracts particular attention as clinically relevant and instrumental for the paradigm change from reactive medical services to predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (3PM). This article provides a detailed overview towards mechanisms and biological pathways involving metabolic reprogramming (MR) with respect to inhibiting the synthesis of biomolecules and blocking common NSCLC metabolic pathways as anti-NSCLC therapeutic strategies. For instance, mitophagy recycles macromolecules to yield mitochondrial substrates for energy homeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Histone modification and DNA methylation can predict the onset of diseases, and plasma C7 analysis is an efficient medical service potentially resulting in an optimized healthcare economy in corresponding areas. The MEMP scoring provides the guidance for immunotherapy, prognostic assessment, and anti-cancer drug development. Metabolite sensing mechanisms of nutrients and their derivatives are potential MR-related therapy in NSCLC. Moreover, miR-495-3p reprogramming of sphingolipid rheostat by targeting Sphk1, 22/FOXM1 axis regulation, and A2 receptor antagonist are highly promising therapy strategies. TFEB as a biomarker in predicting immune checkpoint blockade and redox-related lncRNA prognostic signature (redox-LPS) are considered reliable predictive approaches. Finally, exemplified in this article metabolic phenotyping is instrumental for innovative population screening, health risk assessment, predictive multi-level diagnostics, targeted prevention, and treatment algorithms tailored to personalized patient profiles-all are essential pillars in the paradigm change from reactive medical services to 3PM approach in overall management of lung cancers. This article highlights the 3PM relevant innovation focused on energy metabolism as the hub to advance NSCLC management benefiting vulnerable subpopulations, affected patients, and healthcare at large. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-024-00357-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Bajinka
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Serge Yannick Ouedraogo
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Na Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
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Feng Q, Bennett Z, Grichuk A, Pantoja R, Huang T, Faubert B, Huang G, Chen M, DeBerardinis RJ, Sumer BD, Gao J. Severely polarized extracellular acidity around tumour cells. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01178-7. [PMID: 38438799 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular pH impacts many molecular, cellular and physiological processes, and hence is tightly regulated. Yet, in tumours, dysregulated cancer cell metabolism and poor vascular perfusion cause the tumour microenvironment to become acidic. Here by leveraging fluorescent pH nanoprobes with a transistor-like activation profile at a pH of 5.3, we show that, in cancer cells, hydronium ions are excreted into a small extracellular region. Such severely polarized acidity (pH <5.3) is primarily caused by the directional co-export of protons and lactate, as we show for a diverse panel of cancer cell types via the genetic knockout or inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters, and also via nanoprobe activation in multiple tumour models in mice. We also observed that such spot acidification in ex vivo stained snap-frozen human squamous cell carcinoma tissue correlated with the expression of monocarboxylate transporters and with the exclusion of cytotoxic T cells. Severely spatially polarized tumour acidity could be leveraged for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Grichuk
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Raymundo Pantoja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tongyi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Baran D Sumer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Sandi JD, Levy JI, Tapela K, Zeller M, Yeboah JA, Saka DF, Grant DS, Awandare GA, Quashie PK, Andersen KG, Paemka L. Upper Airway Epithelial Tissue Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Immune Signatures Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Ghanaians. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:6668017. [PMID: 38375062 PMCID: PMC10876312 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6668017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunological signatures driving the severity of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in Ghanaians remain poorly understood. We performed bulk transcriptome sequencing of nasopharyngeal samples from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected Ghanaians with mild and severe COVID-19, as well as healthy controls to characterize immune signatures at the primary SARS-CoV-2 infection site and identify drivers of disease severity. Generally, a heightened antiviral response was observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected Ghanaians compared with uninfected controls. COVID-19 severity was associated with immune suppression, overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, including CRNN, IL1A, S100A7, and IL23A, and activation of pathways involved in keratinocyte proliferation. SAMD9L was among the differentially regulated interferon-stimulated genes in our mild and severe disease cohorts, suggesting that it may play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. By comparing our data with a publicly available dataset from a non-African (Indians) (GSE166530), an elevated expression of antiviral response-related genes was noted in COVID-19-infected Ghanaians. Overall, the study describes immune signatures driving COVID-19 severity in Ghanaians and identifies immune drivers that could serve as potential prognostic markers for future outbreaks or pandemics. It further provides important preliminary evidence suggesting differences in antiviral response at the upper respiratory interface in sub-Saharan Africans (Ghanaians) and non-Africans, which could be contributing to the differences in disease outcomes. Further studies using larger datasets from different populations will expand on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Demby Sandi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Joshua I. Levy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mark Zeller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Joshua Afari Yeboah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Frimpong Saka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Donald S. Grant
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Gordon A. Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter K. Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kristian G. Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Lily Paemka
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Zhang M, Li Q, Zhang W, Yang Y, Gu J, Dong Q. Identification and validation of genes associated with copper death in oral squamous cell carcinoma based on machine learning and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101561. [PMID: 37451513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify copper-induced death-associated hub genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and understand their functional and biological significance using machine learning and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). METHODS OSCC transcriptomic data from GEO and TCGA databases were subjected to data integration, batch effect removal, background correction, and quantile normalization to select cuproptosis-associated genes using Spearman's correlation analysis. The 'limma' R package was used to filter differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Core module genes selected using gene co-expression network analysis with R package 'WGCNA' were screened using Support Vector Machine (SVM), LASSO regression, and Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithms and validated using TCGA database samples. Core gene expression variations between OSCC and adjacent normal tissues were validated using immunohistochemistry. Immune infiltration analysis using package 'CIBERSORT' correlated hub genes with immune cells. RESULTS From 19 cuproptosis-related genes (identified from literature), 2382 cuproptosis-related mRNA were obtained through Spearman's correlation analysis; 112 DEGs using 'limma' R package and 32 hub genes using WGCNA were obtained. Hub genes TMPRSS11B, SERPINH1, and CDH3 were identified using machine learning algorithms. TCGA validation showed that TMPRSS11B significantly underexpressed (P < 0.001) but SERPINH1 and CDH3 significantly overexpressed (P < 0.001) in tumor samples. The AUC for TMPRSS11B, SERPINH1, and CDH3 in ROC curve analysis were 78.1%, 95.6%, and 87.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION TMPRSS11B, SERPINH1, and CDH3 may be pivotal for OSCC development and progression and potential targets for new therapeutic and predictive strategies. However, their specific functions and mechanisms underlying OSCC remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zhang
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Qingxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wu Zhang
- Graduate School, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanbo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Tangshan Workers Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jianqi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Dong
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
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5
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Cunningham M, Pins D, Dezső Z, Torrent M, Vasanthakumar A, Pandey A. PINNED: identifying characteristics of druggable human proteins using an interpretable neural network. J Cheminform 2023; 15:64. [PMID: 37468968 PMCID: PMC10354961 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of human proteins that are amenable to pharmacologic modulation without significant off-target effects remains an important unsolved challenge. Computational methods have been devised to identify features which distinguish between "druggable" and "undruggable" proteins, finding that protein sequence, tissue and cellular localization, biological role, and position in the protein-protein interaction network are all important discriminant factors. However, many prior efforts to automate the assessment of protein druggability suffer from low performance or poor interpretability. We developed a neural network-based machine learning model capable of generating druggability sub-scores based on each of four distinct categories, combining them to form an overall druggability score. The model achieves an excellent performance in separating drugged and undrugged proteins in the human proteome, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of 0.95. Our use of multiple sub-scores allows the assessment of potential protein targets of interest based on distinct contributors to druggability, leading to a more interpretable and holistic model to identify novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cunningham
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Danielle Pins
- Information Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Zoltán Dezső
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., 1000 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Maricel Torrent
- Small Molecule Therapeutics and Platform Technologies, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Aparna Vasanthakumar
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Abhishek Pandey
- Information Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
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6
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Wu P, Zhu T, Huang Y, Fang Z, Luo F. Current understanding of the contribution of lactate to the cardiovascular system and its therapeutic relevance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205442. [PMID: 37396168 PMCID: PMC10309561 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Research during the past decades has yielded numerous insights into the presence and function of lactate in the body. Lactate is primarily produced via glycolysis and plays special roles in the regulation of tissues and organs, particularly in the cardiovascular system. In addition to being a net consumer of lactate, the heart is also the organ in the body with the greatest lactate consumption. Furthermore, lactate maintains cardiovascular homeostasis through energy supply and signal regulation under physiological conditions. Lactate also affects the occurrence, development, and prognosis of various cardiovascular diseases. We will highlight how lactate regulates the cardiovascular system under physiological and pathological conditions based on evidence from recent studies. We aim to provide a better understanding of the relationship between lactate and cardiovascular health and provide new ideas for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, we will summarize current developments in treatments targeting lactate metabolism, transport, and signaling, including their role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyun Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tengteng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenfei Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Urbančič J, Košak Soklič T, Demšar Luzar A, Hočevar Boltežar I, Korošec P, Rijavec M. Transcriptomic Differentiation of Phenotypes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Implications for Understanding the Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065541. [PMID: 36982612 PMCID: PMC10051401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifaceted disease with variable clinical courses and outcomes. We aimed to determine CRS-associated nasal-tissue transcriptome in clinically well-characterized and phenotyped individuals, to gain a novel insight into the biological pathways of the disease. RNA-sequencing of tissue samples of patients with CRS with polyps (CRSwNP), without polyps (CRSsNP), and controls were performed. Characterization of differently expressed genes (DEGs) and functional and pathway analysis was undertaken. We identified 782 common CRS-associated nasal-tissue DEGs, while 375 and 328 DEGs were CRSwNP- and CRSsNP-specific, respectively. Common key DEGs were found to be involved in dendritic cell maturation, the neuroinflammation pathway, and the inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinases. Distinct CRSwNP-specific DEGs were involved in NF-kβ canonical pathways, Toll-like receptor signaling, HIF1α regulation, and the Th2 pathway. CRSsNP involved the NFAT pathway and changes in the calcium pathway. Our findings offer new insights into the common and distinct molecular mechanisms underlying CRSwNP and CRSsNP, providing further understanding of the complex pathophysiology of the CRS, with future research directions for novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Urbančič
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tanja Košak Soklič
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Demšar Luzar
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik 36, SI-4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Irena Hočevar Boltežar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Korošec
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik 36, SI-4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Rijavec
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik 36, SI-4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Understanding the Contribution of Lactate Metabolism in Cancer Progress: A Perspective from Isomers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010087. [PMID: 36612084 PMCID: PMC9817756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate mediates multiple cell-intrinsic effects in cancer metabolism in terms of development, maintenance, and metastasis and is often correlated with poor prognosis. Its functions are undertaken as an energy source for neighboring carcinoma cells and serve as a lactormone for oncogenic signaling pathways. Indeed, two isomers of lactate are produced in the Warburg effect: L-lactate and D-lactate. L-lactate is the main end-production of glycolytic fermentation which catalyzes glucose, and tiny D-lactate is fabricated through the glyoxalase system. Their production inevitably affects cancer development and therapy. Here, we systematically review the mechanisms of lactate isomers production, and highlight emerging evidence of the carcinogenic biological effects of lactate and its isomers in cancer. Accordingly, therapy that targets lactate and its metabolism is a promising approach for anticancer treatment.
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Dong S, Li W, Li X, Wang Z, Chen Z, Shi H, He R, Chen C, Zhou W. Glucose metabolism and tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: A key link in cancer progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038650. [PMID: 36578477 PMCID: PMC9792100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC) remain challenging endeavors globally. Late diagnosis lag, high invasiveness, chemical resistance, and poor prognosis are unresolved issues of PC. The concept of metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells. Increasing evidence shows that PC cells alter metabolic processes such as glucose, amino acids, and lipids metabolism and require continuous nutrition for survival, proliferation, and invasion. Glucose metabolism, in particular, regulates the tumour microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the link between glucose metabolism and TME also plays an important role in the targeted therapy, chemoresistance, radiotherapy ineffectiveness, and immunosuppression of PC. Altered metabolism with the TME has emerged as a key mechanism regulating PC progression. This review shed light on the relationship between TME, glucose metabolism, and various aspects of PC. The findings of this study provide a new direction in the development of PC therapy targeting the metabolism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Dong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wancheng Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaqing Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ru He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wence Zhou,
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Local Attraction of Substrates and Co-Substrates Enhances Weak Acid and Base Transmembrane Transport. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121794. [PMID: 36551222 PMCID: PMC9775063 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane transport of weak acid and base metabolites depends on the local pH conditions that affect the protonation status of the substrates and the availability of co-substrates, typically protons. Different protein designs ensure the attraction of substrates and co-substrates to the transporter entry sites. These include electrostatic surface charges on the transport proteins and complexation with seemingly transport-unrelated proteins that provide substrate and/or proton antenna, or enzymatically generate substrates in place. Such protein assemblies affect transport rates and directionality. The lipid membrane surface also collects and transfers protons. The complexity in the various systems enables adjustability and regulation in a given physiological or pathophysiological situation. This review describes experimentally shown principles in the attraction and facilitation of weak acid and base transport substrates, including monocarboxylates, ammonium, bicarbonate, and arsenite, plus protons as a co-substrate.
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11
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Shang S, Wang MZ, Xing Z, He N, Li S. Lactate regulators contribute to tumor microenvironment and predict prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1024925. [PMID: 36505423 PMCID: PMC9732022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactic acid, as a product of glycolysis, increases tumor cell migration and the invasion of tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Besides this, lactic acid promotes the expression of programmed death-1 expression (PD-1) in regulatory T cells, which could cause the failure of PD-1 blockade therapy. However, the implications of lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain largely unclear. Methods We performed unsupervised consensus clustering to identify lactic-associated subtypes using expression profile of lactate regulators in LUAD. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with lactic-associated subtypes was used to construct lactate signature (LaSig) using LASSO regression algorithm. Immune infiltration analysis was conducted by ESTIMATER and drug sensitivity was estimated by R package called "pRRophetic". The difference between two groups was calculated using Wilcox rank sum test and correlation analysis was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results In this study, we evaluated DNA methylation and the mutation frequency of lactate regulators and found lactate regulators showed low mutation frequency in the TCGA-LUAD cohort, except TP53. At the RNA level, the expression level of lactate regulators was significantly associated with the immune cell component. In particular, expression of LDHA was positively correlated with CD4 T cell, CD8 T cell, M1 macrophages, and the enrichment score of multiple immune pathways. Two clusters were defined using the gene expression level of lactate regulators, and LDHA was significantly upregulated in cluster 1 with poor overall survival. A lactate signature (LaSig) had a robust performance in predicting the survival rate and immunotherapy response of LUAD patients. Moreover, patients in the high LaSig group may be more likely to benefit from these drugs (Cisplatin, Erlotinib, Gemcitabine, and Vinblastine) than those in the low LaSig group. Conclusion In summary, our study explores the role of lactate regulators in guiding the clinical treatment of lung adenocarcinoma and provides additional help to supplement traditional molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Shang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mi-zhou Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Anesthesia Operating Department, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xing
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Shangyong Li, ; Ningning He,
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Shangyong Li, ; Ningning He,
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12
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Metabolic targeting of malignant tumors: a need for systemic approach. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2115-2138. [PMID: 35925428 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulated metabolism is now recognized as a fundamental hallmark of carcinogenesis inducing aggressive features and additional hallmarks. In this review, well-established metabolic changes displayed by tumors are highlighted in a comprehensive manner and corresponding therapeutical targets are discussed to set up a framework for integrating basic research findings with clinical translation in oncology setting. METHODS Recent manuscripts of high research impact and relevant to the field from PubMed (2000-2021) have been reviewed for this article. RESULTS Metabolic pathway disruption during tumor evolution is a dynamic process potentiating cell survival, dormancy, proliferation and invasion even under dismal conditions. Apart from cancer cells, though, tumor microenvironment has an acting role as extracellular metabolites, pH alterations and stromal cells reciprocally interact with malignant cells, ultimately dictating tumor-promoting responses, disabling anti-tumor immunity and promoting resistance to treatments. CONCLUSION In the field of cancer metabolism, there are several emerging prognostic and therapeutic targets either in the form of gene expression, enzyme activity or metabolites which could be exploited for clinical purposes; both standard-of-care and novel treatments may be evaluated in the context of metabolism rewiring and indeed, synergistic effects between metabolism-targeting and other therapies would be an attractive perspective for further research.
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13
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Sulaiman N, Yaseen Hachim M, Khalique A, Mohammed AK, Al Heialy S, Taneera J. EXOC6 (Exocyst Complex Component 6) Is Associated with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030388. [PMID: 35336762 PMCID: PMC8945791 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
EXOC6 and EXOC6B (EXOC6/6B) components of the exocyst complex are involved in the secretory granule docking. Recently, EXOC6/6B were anticipated as a molecular link between dysfunctional pancreatic islets and ciliated lung epithelium, making diabetic patients more prone to severe SARS-CoV-2 complications. However, the exact role of EXOC6/6B in pancreatic β-cell function and risk of T2D is not fully understood. Herein, microarray and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) expression data demonstrated the expression of EXOC6/6B in human pancreatic islets. Expression of EXOC6/6B was not affected by diabetes status. Exploration of the using the translational human pancreatic islet genotype tissue-expression resource portal (TIGER) revealed three genetic variants (rs947591, rs2488071 and rs2488073) in the EXOC6 gene that were associated (p < 2.5 × 10−20) with the risk of T2D. Exoc6/6b silencing in rat pancreatic β-cells (INS1-832/13) impaired insulin secretion, insulin content, exocytosis machinery and glucose uptake without cytotoxic effect. A significant decrease in the expression Ins1, Ins1, Pdx1, Glut2 and Vamp2 was observed in Exoc6/6b-silenced cells at the mRNA and protein levels. However, NeuroD1, Gck and InsR were not influenced compared to the negative control. In conclusion, our data propose that EXOC6/6B are crucial regulators for insulin secretion and exocytosis machinery in β-cells. This study identified several genetic variants in EXOC6 associated with the risk of T2D. Therefore, EXOC6/6B could provide a new potential target for therapy development or early biomarkers for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Sulaiman
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (M.Y.H.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Anila Khalique
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (M.Y.H.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7743
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14
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Min X, Cheng H, Cao X, Chen Z, Zhang X, Li Y, Mao Q, Xue B, Fang L, Liu L, Ding Z. Heat shock protein A12A activates migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a monocarboxylate transporter 4-dependent manner. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:83-95. [PMID: 35050463 PMCID: PMC8821763 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for most of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated death. However, its underlying mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. Glycolysis-derived lactate has been shown to be a powerful regulator of cancer metastasis. Heat shock protein A12A (HSPA12A) encodes a novel member of HSP70 family. We have recently demonstrated that heat shock protein A12A (HSPA12A) inhibited renal cancer cell migration by suppressing lactate output and glycolytic activity, which were mediated by unstabilizing CD147 and promoting its degradation. By striking contrast, here we demonstrated that HSPA12A promoted migration of human HCC cells. Extracellular acidification, lactate export, and glycolytic activity in HCC cells were also promoted following HSPA12A overexpression. Further analysis revealed that HSPA12A interacted with MCT4 and increased its membrane localization, thereby promoting export of lactate generated from glycolysis; this led, ultimately, to HCC cell migration. Our results revealed the opposite effect of HSPA12A on migration of renal cancer cells and that of HCC cells. Of note, in contrast to the inhibitory effect on CD147 expression in renal cancer cells, we found that HSPA12A increased CD147 expression in HCC cells, indicating that the expression of CD147 might exist heterogeneity in different cancer cell types. Taken together, we identified HSPA12A as an activator of HCC migration, a role opposite to that of renal cancer cells. Inhibiting HSPA12A might be a potential therapeutic intervention for HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxu Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Rd 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Rd 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Xiaofei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Rd 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Rd 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yunfan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Rd 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Rd 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhengnian Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Rd 300, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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15
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Transcriptome Analysis of Pterygium and Pinguecula Reveals Evidence of Genomic Instability Associated with Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112090. [PMID: 34769520 PMCID: PMC8584501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar damage due to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is implicated in the development of two proliferative lesions of the ocular surface: pterygium and pinguecula. Pterygium and pinguecula specimens were collected, along with adjacent healthy conjunctiva specimens. RNA was extracted and sequenced. Pairwise comparisons were made of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Computational methods were used for analysis. Transcripts from 18,630 genes were identified. Comparison of two subgroups of pterygium specimens uncovered evidence of genomic instability associated with inflammation and the immune response; these changes were also observed in pinguecula, but to a lesser extent. Among the top DEGs were four genes encoding tumor suppressors that were downregulated in pterygium: C10orf90, RARRES1, DMBT1 and SCGB3A1; C10orf90 and RARRES1 were also downregulated in pinguecula. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis overwhelmingly linked DEGs to cancer for both lesions; however, both lesions are clearly still benign, as evidenced by the expression of other genes indicating their well-differentiated and non-invasive character. Pathways for epithelial cell proliferation were identified that distinguish the two lesions, as well as genes encoding specific pathway components. Upregulated DEGs common to both lesions, including KRT9 and TRPV3, provide a further insight into pathophysiology. Our findings suggest that pterygium and pinguecula, while benign lesions, are both on the pathological pathway towards neoplastic transformation.
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16
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Zhang X, Yang M, Liu Y, Liu H, Yang J, Luo J, Zhou H. A novel 4-gene signature model simultaneously predicting malignant risk of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma prognosis. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105203. [PMID: 34252587 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often diagnosed at late stage with a poor prognosis. The study hereunder aimed to construct a multi-gene model to simultaneously promote early diagnosis of OSCC by evaluating malignant risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and predict prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3 GEO datasets including OPMDs and OSCC samples were obtained for overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) being screened. The predictive model was built with optimal DEGs by SVM algorithm, estimated by receiver operator characteristic curves and validated for double prediction via oral cancer-free survival (for malignant risk of OPMDs) and overall survival time (for OSCC) analysis respectively compared to other models. The protein expression of biomarkers in the model was validated in human samples by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A novel predictive model of 4-gene signature was built based on 12 common DEGs revealed from 3 GEO datasets. It could well distinguish OSCC from OPMDs and normal tissues. Both oral cancer-free survival and overall survival time analysis were significantly poorer in high-risk patients than in low-risk ones in Kaplan Meier survival curve respectively. The protein expression of biomarkers in OSCC was with significant difference compared to normal and OPMDs. CONCLUSIONS The novel 4-gene signature model presents strong ability in simultaneous prediction of the malignant risk of OPMDs and OSCC progression, potentially benefiting both the early diagnosis and therapeutic outcomes of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital/The Second Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Freelance Computer Engineer, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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17
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Basigin drives intracellular accumulation of l-lactate by harvesting protons and substrate anions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249110. [PMID: 33770122 PMCID: PMC7996999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of l-lactate by members of the monocarboxylate transporter family, MCT, is vital in human physiology and a malignancy factor in cancer. Interaction with an accessory protein, typically basigin, is required to deliver the MCT to the plasma membrane. It is unknown whether basigin additionally exerts direct effects on the transmembrane l-lactate transport of MCT1. Here, we show that the presence of basigin leads to an intracellular accumulation of l-lactate 4.5-fold above the substrate/proton concentrations provided by the external buffer. Using basigin truncations we localized the effect to arise from the extracellular Ig-I domain. Identification of surface patches of condensed opposite electrostatic potential, and experimental analysis of charge-affecting Ig-I mutants indicated a bivalent harvesting antenna functionality for both, protons and substrate anions. From these data, and determinations of the cytosolic pH with a fluorescent probe, we conclude that the basigin Ig-I domain drives lactate uptake by locally increasing the proton and substrate concentration at the extracellular MCT entry site. The biophysical properties are physiologically relevant as cell growth on lactate media was strongly promoted in the presence of the Ig-I domain. Lack of the domain due to shedding, or misfolding due to breakage of a stabilizing disulfide bridge reversed the effect. Tumor progression according to classical or reverse Warburg effects depends on the transmembrane l-lactate distribution, and this study shows that the basigin Ig-I domain is a pivotal determinant.
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18
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Butler D, Mozsary C, Meydan C, Foox J, Rosiene J, Shaiber A, Danko D, Afshinnekoo E, MacKay M, Sedlazeck FJ, Ivanov NA, Sierra M, Pohle D, Zietz M, Gisladottir U, Ramlall V, Sholle ET, Schenck EJ, Westover CD, Hassan C, Ryon K, Young B, Bhattacharya C, Ng DL, Granados AC, Santos YA, Servellita V, Federman S, Ruggiero P, Fungtammasan A, Chin CS, Pearson NM, Langhorst BW, Tanner NA, Kim Y, Reeves JW, Hether TD, Warren SE, Bailey M, Gawrys J, Meleshko D, Xu D, Couto-Rodriguez M, Nagy-Szakal D, Barrows J, Wells H, O'Hara NB, Rosenfeld JA, Chen Y, Steel PAD, Shemesh AJ, Xiang J, Thierry-Mieg J, Thierry-Mieg D, Iftner A, Bezdan D, Sanchez E, Campion TR, Sipley J, Cong L, Craney A, Velu P, Melnick AM, Shapira S, Hajirasouliha I, Borczuk A, Iftner T, Salvatore M, Loda M, Westblade LF, Cushing M, Wu S, Levy S, Chiu C, Schwartz RE, Tatonetti N, Rennert H, Imielinski M, Mason CE. Shotgun transcriptome, spatial omics, and isothermal profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals unique host responses, viral diversification, and drug interactions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1660. [PMID: 33712587 PMCID: PMC7954844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In less than nine months, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) killed over a million people, including >25,000 in New York City (NYC) alone. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 highlights clinical needs to detect infection, track strain evolution, and identify biomarkers of disease course. To address these challenges, we designed a fast (30-minute) colorimetric test (LAMP) for SARS-CoV-2 infection from naso/oropharyngeal swabs and a large-scale shotgun metatranscriptomics platform (total-RNA-seq) for host, viral, and microbial profiling. We applied these methods to clinical specimens gathered from 669 patients in New York City during the first two months of the outbreak, yielding a broad molecular portrait of the emerging COVID-19 disease. We find significant enrichment of a NYC-distinctive clade of the virus (20C), as well as host responses in interferon, ACE, hematological, and olfaction pathways. In addition, we use 50,821 patient records to find that renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors have a protective effect for severe COVID-19 outcomes, unlike similar drugs. Finally, spatial transcriptomic data from COVID-19 patient autopsy tissues reveal distinct ACE2 expression loci, with macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs. These findings can inform public health and may help develop and drive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Mozsary
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Rosiene
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alon Shaiber
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine and the Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Danko
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ebrahim Afshinnekoo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nikolay A Ivanov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical & Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Sierra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Pohle
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Zietz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, Columbia, NY, USA
| | - Undina Gisladottir
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, Columbia, NY, USA
| | - Vijendra Ramlall
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, Columbia, NY, USA
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Columbia University, Columbia, NY, USA
| | - Evan T Sholle
- Information Technologies & Services Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward J Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig D Westover
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ciaran Hassan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista Ryon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Young
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dianna L Ng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea C Granados
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yale A Santos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Venice Servellita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scot Federman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis Ruggiero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Justyna Gawrys
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitry Meleshko
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biology & Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dorottya Nagy-Szakal
- Biotia, Inc., New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Niamh B O'Hara
- Biotia, Inc., New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Rosenfeld
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New York, NJ, USA
- Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New York, NJ, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New York, NJ, USA
| | - Peter A D Steel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amos J Shemesh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Thierry-Mieg
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Thierry-Mieg
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angelika Iftner
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas R Campion
- Information Technologies & Services Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Sipley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arryn Craney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priya Velu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sagi Shapira
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, Columbia, NY, USA
| | - Iman Hajirasouliha
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine and the Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mirella Salvatore
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lars F Westblade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shixiu Wu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shawn Levy
- HudsonAlpha Discovery Institute, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Charles Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Tatonetti
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, Columbia, NY, USA.
| | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine and the Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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The population genomics of adaptive loss of function. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:383-395. [PMID: 33574599 PMCID: PMC7878030 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoveries of adaptive gene knockouts and widespread losses of complete genes have in recent years led to a major rethink of the early view that loss-of-function alleles are almost always deleterious. Today, surveys of population genomic diversity are revealing extensive loss-of-function and gene content variation, yet the adaptive significance of much of this variation remains unknown. Here we examine the evolutionary dynamics of adaptive loss of function through the lens of population genomics and consider the challenges and opportunities of studying adaptive loss-of-function alleles using population genetics models. We discuss how the theoretically expected existence of allelic heterogeneity, defined as multiple functionally analogous mutations at the same locus, has proven consistent with empirical evidence and why this impedes both the detection of selection and causal relationships with phenotypes. We then review technical progress towards new functionally explicit population genomic tools and genotype-phenotype methods to overcome these limitations. More broadly, we discuss how the challenges of studying adaptive loss of function highlight the value of classifying genomic variation in a way consistent with the functional concept of an allele from classical population genetics.
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20
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Wang K, Huang W, Chen R, Lin P, Zhang T, Ni YF, Li H, Wu J, Sun XX, Geng JJ, Zhu YM, Nan G, Zhang W, Chen X, Zhu P, Bian H, Chen ZN. Di-methylation of CD147-K234 Promotes the Progression of NSCLC by Enhancing Lactate Export. Cell Metab 2021; 33:160-173.e6. [PMID: 33406400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CD147 is a tumor-associated glycoprotein that regulates cell metabolism. However, CD147 methylation and its subsequent role in cancer cell metabolism remain unclear. Here, we detect CD147 di-methylation in 16 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CD147 is di-methylated to CD147-K234me2 by lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A). The increase in KMT5A expression boosts the levels of CD147-K234me2, further promoting the interaction between CD147 and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), which enhances the translocation of MCT4 from the cytoplasm to the membrane. Overexpression of CD147-K234me2 and KMT5A enhances glycolysis and lactate export in NSCLC cells. Clinical analysis shows that high CD147-K234me2 expression is significantly related to cancer progression and overall survival, and has prognostic significance in individuals with NSCLC, especially for those in the early stages. Our findings indicate that CD147-K234me2 plays a critical role in cancer metabolism, and it can be a highly promising therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan Huang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruo Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun-Feng Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Xuan Sun
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie-Jie Geng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Nan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China; Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Fuentes-Prior P. Priming of SARS-CoV-2 S protein by several membrane-bound serine proteinases could explain enhanced viral infectivity and systemic COVID-19 infection. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100135. [PMID: 33268377 PMCID: PMC7834812 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.015980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has already caused over a million deaths worldwide, and this death toll will be much higher before effective treatments and vaccines are available. The causative agent of the disease, the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, shows important similarities with the previously emerged SARS-CoV-1, but also striking differences. First, SARS-CoV-2 possesses a significantly higher transmission rate and infectivity than SARS-CoV-1 and has infected in a few months over 60 million people. Moreover, COVID-19 has a systemic character, as in addition to the lungs, it also affects the heart, liver, and kidneys among other organs of the patients and causes frequent thrombotic and neurological complications. In fact, the term "viral sepsis" has been recently coined to describe the clinical observations. Here I review current structure-function information on the viral spike proteins and the membrane fusion process to provide plausible explanations for these observations. I hypothesize that several membrane-associated serine proteinases (MASPs), in synergy with or in place of TMPRSS2, contribute to activate the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Relative concentrations of the attachment receptor, ACE2, MASPs, their endogenous inhibitors (the Kunitz-type transmembrane inhibitors, HAI-1/SPINT1 and HAI-2/SPINT2, as well as major circulating serpins) would determine the infection rate of host cells. The exclusive or predominant expression of major MASPs in specific human organs suggests a direct role of these proteinases in e.g., heart infection and myocardial injury, liver dysfunction, kidney damage, as well as neurological complications. Thorough consideration of these factors could have a positive impact on the control of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fuentes-Prior
- Molecular Bases of Disease, Biomedical Research Institute (IIB) Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Sun X, Wang M, Wang M, Yao L, Li X, Dong H, Li M, Sun T, Liu X, Liu Y, Xu Y. Role of Proton-Coupled Monocarboxylate Transporters in Cancer: From Metabolic Crosstalk to Therapeutic Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:651. [PMID: 32766253 PMCID: PMC7379837 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), representing the first four isoforms of the SLC16A gene family, mainly participate in the transport of lactate, pyruvate, and other monocarboxylates. Cancer cells exhibit a metabolic shift from oxidative metabolism to an enhanced glycolytic phenotype, leading to a higher production of lactate in the cytoplasm. Excessive accumulation of lactate threatens the survival of cancer cells, and the overexpression of proton-coupled MCTs observed in multiple types of cancer facilitates enhanced export of lactate from highly glycolytic cancer cells. Proton-coupled MCTs not only play critical roles in the metabolic symbiosis between hypoxic and normoxic cancer cells within tumors but also mediate metabolic interaction between cancer cells and cancer-associated stromal cells. Of the four proton-coupled MCTs, MCT1 and MCT4 are the predominantly expressed isoforms in cancer and have been identified as potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Therefore, in this review, we primarily focus on the roles of MCT1 and MCT4 in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells under hypoxic and nutrient-deprived conditions. Additionally, we discuss how MCT1 and MCT4 serve as metabolic links between cancer cells and cancer-associated stromal cells via transport of crucial monocarboxylates, as well as present emerging opportunities and challenges in targeting MCT1 and MCT4 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mozhi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengshen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Litong Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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23
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Min X, Zhang X, Li Y, Cao X, Cheng H, Li Y, Li C, Kong Q, Mao Q, Peng P, Ni Y, Li J, Duan Y, Liu L, Ding Z. HSPA12A unstabilizes CD147 to inhibit lactate export and migration in human renal cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:8573-8590. [PMID: 32754264 PMCID: PMC7392002 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-associated mortality in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the clinical management of RCC metastasis is challenging. Lactate export is known to play an important role in cancer cell migration. This study investigated the role of heat shock protein A12A (HSPA12A) in RCC migration. Methods: HSPA12A expression was examined in 82 pairs of matched RCC tumors and corresponding normal kidney tissues from patients by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses. The proliferation of RCC cells was analyzed using MTT and EdU incorporation assays. The migration of RCC cells was evaluated by wound healing and Transwell migration assays. Extracellular acidification was examined using Seahorse technology. Protein stability was determined following treatment with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and proteasome inhibitor MG132. Mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting were employed to examine protein-protein interactions. Results: RCC tumors from patients showed downregulation of HSPA12A, which was associated with advanced tumor node metastasis stage. Intriguingly, overexpression of HSPA12A in RCC cells inhibited migration, whereas HSPA12A knockdown had the opposite effect. Lactate export, glycolysis rate, and CD147 protein abundance were also inhibited by HSPA12A overexpression but promoted by HSPA12A knockdown. An interaction of HSPA12A with HRD1 ubiquitin E3 ligase was detected in RCC cells. Further studies demonstrated that CD147 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation were promoted by HSPA12A overexpression whereas inhibited by HSPA12A knockdown. Notably, the HSPA12A overexpression-induced inhibition of lactate export and migration were abolished by CD147 overexpression. Conclusion: Human RCC shows downregulation of HSPA12A. Overexpression of HSPA12A in RCC cells unstabilizes CD147 through increasing its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, thereby inhibits lactate export and glycolysis, and ultimately suppresses RCC cell migration. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of HSPA12A might represent a viable strategy for managing RCC metastasis.
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24
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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors: Contributions of the tumor microenvironment. Genes Dis 2020; 7:185-198. [PMID: 32215288 PMCID: PMC7083762 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic alterations associated with cell transformation are in large measure expressed in the metabolic phenotype as cancer cells proliferate and change their local environment, and prepare for metastasis. Qualitatively, the fundamental biochemistry of cancer cells is generally the same as in the untransformed cells, but the cancer cells produce a local environment, the TME, that is hostile to the stromal cells, and compete for nutrients. In order to proliferate, cells need sufficient nutrients, either those that cannot be made by the cells themselves, or must be made from simpler precursors. However, in solid tumors, the nutrient supply is often limiting given the potential for rapid proliferation, and the poor quality of the vasculature. Thus, cancer cells may employ a variety of strategies to obtain nutrients for survival, growth and metastasis. Although much has been learned using established cell lines in standard culture conditions, it is becoming clear from in vivo metabolic studies that this can also be misleading, and which nutrients are used for energy production versus building blocks for synthesis of macromolecules can vary greatly from tumor to tumor, and even within the same tumor. Here we review the operation of metabolic networks, and how recent understanding of nutrient supply in the TME and utilization are being revealed using stable isotope tracers in vivo as well as in vitro.
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Key Words
- 2OG, 2-oxoglutarate
- ACO1,2, aconitase 1,2
- CP-MAS, Cross polarization Magic Angle Spinning
- Cancer metabolism
- DMEM, Dulbeccos Modified Eagles Medium
- ECAR, extracellular acidification rate
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMP, Embden-Meyerhof Pathway
- IDH1,2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1,2 (NADP+dependent)
- IF, interstitial fluid
- ME, malic enzyme
- Metabolic flux
- Nutrient supply
- RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute
- SIRM, Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics
- Stable isotope resolved metabolomics
- TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte
- TIM/TPI, triose phosphate isomerase
- TME, Tumor Micro Environment
- Tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, USA
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25
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Butler DJ, Mozsary C, Meydan C, Danko D, Foox J, Rosiene J, Shaiber A, Afshinnekoo E, MacKay M, Sedlazeck FJ, Ivanov NA, Sierra M, Pohle D, Zietz M, Gisladottir U, Ramlall V, Westover CD, Ryon K, Young B, Bhattacharya C, Ruggiero P, Langhorst BW, Tanner N, Gawrys J, Meleshko D, Xu D, Steel PAD, Shemesh AJ, Xiang J, Thierry-Mieg J, Thierry-Mieg D, Schwartz RE, Iftner A, Bezdan D, Sipley J, Cong L, Craney A, Velu P, Melnick AM, Hajirasouliha I, Horner SM, Iftner T, Salvatore M, Loda M, Westblade LF, Cushing M, Levy S, Wu S, Tatonetti N, Imielinski M, Rennert H, Mason CE. Shotgun Transcriptome and Isothermal Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reveals Unique Host Responses, Viral Diversification, and Drug Interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.04.20.048066. [PMID: 32511352 PMCID: PMC7255793 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.20.048066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused thousands of deaths worldwide, including >18,000 in New York City (NYC) alone. The sudden emergence of this pandemic has highlighted a pressing clinical need for rapid, scalable diagnostics that can detect infection, interrogate strain evolution, and identify novel patient biomarkers. To address these challenges, we designed a fast (30-minute) colorimetric test (LAMP) for SARS-CoV-2 infection from naso/oropharyngeal swabs, plus a large-scale shotgun metatranscriptomics platform (total-RNA-seq) for host, bacterial, and viral profiling. We applied both technologies across 857 SARS-CoV-2 clinical specimens and 86 NYC subway samples, providing a broad molecular portrait of the COVID-19 NYC outbreak. Our results define new features of SARS-CoV-2 evolution, nominate a novel, NYC-enriched viral subclade, reveal specific host responses in interferon, ACE, hematological, and olfaction pathways, and examine risks associated with use of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Together, these findings have immediate applications to SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, public health, and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - David Danko
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biol. & Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Joel Rosiene
- New York Genome Center, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Alon Shaiber
- New York Genome Center, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine and the Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Ebrahim Afshinnekoo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Fritz J. Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nikolay A. Ivanov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Clinical & Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Maria Sierra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Diana Pohle
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Zietz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Undina Gisladottir
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Vijendra Ramlall
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, NY, USA
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Craig D. Westover
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Krista Ryon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Young
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Phyllis Ruggiero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Justyna Gawrys
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Dmitry Meleshko
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biol. & Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Amos J. Shemesh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Jean Thierry-Mieg
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Thierry-Mieg
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, MD, USA
| | | | - Angelika Iftner
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - John Sipley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Arryn Craney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Priya Velu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Iman Hajirasouliha
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine and the Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Stacy M. Horner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mirella Salvatore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Lars F. Westblade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Shawn Levy
- HudsonAlpha Discovery Institute, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Shixiu Wu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nicholas Tatonetti
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- New York Genome Center, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine and the Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
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26
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Hyperpolarized MRI of Human Prostate Cancer Reveals Increased Lactate with Tumor Grade Driven by Monocarboxylate Transporter 1. Cell Metab 2020; 31:105-114.e3. [PMID: 31564440 PMCID: PMC6949382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance can increase the sensitivity of MRI, though its ability to inform on relevant changes to biochemistry in humans remains unclear. In this work, we image pyruvate metabolism in patients, assessing the reproducibility of delivery and conversion in the setting of primary prostate cancer. We show that the time to max of pyruvate does not vary significantly within patients undergoing two separate injections or across patients. Furthermore, we show that lactate increases with Gleason grade. RNA sequencing data demonstrate a significant increase in the predominant pyruvate uptake transporter, monocarboxylate transporter 1. Increased protein expression was also observed in regions of high lactate signal, implicating it as the driver of lactate signal in vivo. Targeted DNA sequencing for actionable mutations revealed the highest lactate occurred in patients with PTEN loss. This work identifies a potential link between actionable genomic alterations and metabolic information derived from hyperpolarized pyruvate MRI.
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Serpa J. Metabolic Remodeling as a Way of Adapting to Tumor Microenvironment (TME), a Job of Several Holders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:1-34. [PMID: 32130691 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment depends and generates dependence on all the cells and structures that share the same niche, the biotope. The contemporaneous view of the tumor microenvironment (TME) agrees with this idea. The cells that make up the tumor, whether malignant or not, behave similarly to classes of elements within a living community. These elements inhabit, modify and benefit from all the facilities the microenvironment has to offer and that will contribute to the survival and growth of the tumor and the progression of the disease.The metabolic adaptation to microenvironment is a crucial process conducting to an established tumor able to grow locally, invade and metastasized. The metastatic cancer cells are reasonable more plastic than non-metastatic cancer cells, because the previous ones must survive in the microenvironment where the primary tumor develops and in addition, they must prosper in the microenvironment in the metastasized organ.The metabolic remodeling requires not only the adjustment of metabolic pathways per se but also the readjustment of signaling pathways that will receive and obey to the extracellular instructions, commanding the metabolic adaptation. Many diverse players are pivotal in cancer metabolic fitness from the initial signaling stimuli, going through the activation or repression of genes, until the phenotype display. The new phenotype will permit the import and consumption of organic compounds, useful for energy and biomass production, and the export of metabolic products that are useless or must be secreted for a further recycling or controlled uptake. In the metabolic network, three subsets of players are pivotal: (1) the organic compounds; (2) the transmembrane transporters, and (3) the enzymes.This chapter will present the "Pharaonic" intent of diagraming the interplay between these three elements in an attempt of simplifying and, at the same time, of showing the complex sight of cancer metabolism, addressing the orchestrating role of microenvironment and highlighting the influence of non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal.
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Callies LK, Tadeo D, Simper J, Bugge TH, Szabo R. Iterative, multiplexed CRISPR-mediated gene editing for functional analysis of complex protease gene clusters. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15987-15996. [PMID: 31501243 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of gene function by reverse genetics in animal models frequently is complicated by the functional redundancy of homologous genes. This obstacle often is compounded by the tight clustering of homologous genes, which precludes the generation of multigene-deficient animals through standard interbreeding of single-deficient animals. Here, we describe an iterative, multiplexed CRISPR-based approach for simultaneous gene editing in the complex seven-member human airway trypsin-like protease/differentially expressed in a squamous cell carcinoma (HAT/DESC) cluster of membrane-anchored serine proteases. Through four cycles of targeting, we generated a library of 18 unique congenic mouse strains lacking combinations of HAT/DESC proteases, including a mouse strain deficient in all seven proteases. Using this library, we demonstrate that HAT/DESC proteases are dispensable for term development, postnatal health, and fertility and that the recently described function of the HAT-like 4 protease in epidermal barrier formation is unique among all HAT/DESC proteases. The study demonstrates the potential of iterative, multiplexed CRISPR-mediated gene editing for functional analysis of multigene clusters, and it provides a large array of new congenic mouse strains for the study of HAT/DESC proteases in physiological and in pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuLu K Callies
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel Tadeo
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jan Simper
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Roman Szabo
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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de la Cruz-López KG, Castro-Muñoz LJ, Reyes-Hernández DO, García-Carrancá A, Manzo-Merino J. Lactate in the Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1143. [PMID: 31737570 PMCID: PMC6839026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells must generate sufficient ATP and biosynthetic precursors in order to maintain cell proliferation requirements. Otto Warburg showed that tumor cells uptake high amounts of glucose producing large volumes of lactate even in the presence of oxygen, this process is known as “Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis.” As a consequence of such amounts of lactate there is an acidification of the extracellular pH in tumor microenvironment, ranging between 6.0 and 6.5. This acidosis favors processes such as metastasis, angiogenesis and more importantly, immunosuppression, which has been associated to a worse clinical prognosis. Thus, lactate should be thought as an important oncometabolite in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer. In this review, we summarized the role of lactate in regulating metabolic microenvironment of cancer and discuss its relevance in the up-regulation of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxilate transporters (MCTs) in tumors. The goal of this review is to expose that lactate is not only a secondary product of cellular metabolic waste of tumor cells, but also a key molecule involved in carcinogenesis as well as in tumor immune evasion. Finally, the possible targeting of lactate production in cancer treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G de la Cruz-López
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Josué Castro-Muñoz
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego O Reyes-Hernández
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Maestría en Investigación Clínica Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Biological Cancer Causing Agents Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manzo-Merino
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Biological Cancer Causing Agents Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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