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Lu Q, Zhou Y, Qian Q, Chen Z, Tan Q, Chen H, Yin F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Tian P, Sun D. Whole-exome sequencing identifies high-confidence genes for tic disorders in a Chinese Han population. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119759. [PMID: 38880274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tic disorder (TD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder with high susceptibility. However, identifying high-confidence risk genes has been challenging due to poor replication across multiple studies. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 390 TD patients and 372 unaffected individuals in a Chinese Han population. Analysis of variance, burden analysis and in silico prediction were used to identify candidate genes for TD. To facilitate data analysis and to focus on high-confidence genes, we defined a panel of 160 genes as known causal or candidate TD genes from previous studies. Gene enrichment and protein-protein interaction analysis were utilized to detect potential novel TD risk genes. RESULTS Totally, 14 variants across 12 known TD candidate genes were considered potential susceptibility variants. Ten variants across 10 known TD candidate genes were identified as potential disease-causing variants. Burden analysis identified variants of 28 known genes were significantly excess in TD patients. In addition, 354 previously unproven TD genes are over-represented in patients. Genes enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling, sphingolipid metabolism and serotonergic synaptic pathways, as well as those interacting with FN1, were considered potential new candidate genes for TD. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest WES study focusing on TD patients in a Chinese Han population. Several variants recurring in our cohort were identified as high-confidence risk loci for TD. Moreover, we provided potential new risk genes that may be prioritized for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Qian
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianqian Tan
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhisheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Peichao Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
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2
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Tsetsos F, Topaloudi A, Jain P, Yang Z, Yu D, Kolovos P, Tumer Z, Rizzo R, Hartmann A, Depienne C, Worbe Y, Müller-Vahl KR, Cath DC, Boomsma DI, Wolanczyk T, Zekanowski C, Barta C, Nemoda Z, Tarnok Z, Padmanabhuni SS, Buxbaum JD, Grice D, Glennon J, Stefansson H, Hengerer B, Yannaki E, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Benaroya-Milshtein N, Cardona F, Hedderly T, Heyman I, Huyser C, Mir P, Morer A, Mueller N, Munchau A, Plessen KJ, Porcelli C, Roessner V, Walitza S, Schrag A, Martino D, Tischfield JA, Heiman GA, Willsey AJ, Dietrich A, Davis LK, Crowley JJ, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Georgitsi M, Hoekstra PJ, Paschou P. Genome-Wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:114-124. [PMID: 36738982 PMCID: PMC10783199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder of complex genetic architecture and is characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic persisting for more than 1 year. METHODS We performed a genome-wide meta-analysis integrating a novel TS cohort with previously published data, resulting in a sample size of 6133 individuals with TS and 13,565 ancestry-matched control participants. RESULTS We identified a genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 5q15. Integration of expression quantitative trait locus, Hi-C (high-throughput chromosome conformation capture), and genome-wide association study data implicated the NR2F1 gene and associated long noncoding RNAs within the 5q15 locus. Heritability partitioning identified statistically significant enrichment in brain tissue histone marks, while polygenic risk scoring of brain volume data identified statistically significant associations with right and left thalamus volumes and right putamen volume. CONCLUSIONS Our work presents novel insights into the neurobiology of TS, thereby opening up new directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Apostolia Topaloudi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Pritesh Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Petros Kolovos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Zeynep Tumer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Saint Antoine, Paris France
- French Reference Centre for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danielle C. Cath
- Department of Clinical and health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Wolanczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Zekanowski
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Csaba Barta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Nemoda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsanett Tarnok
- Vadaskert Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hungary
| | | | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Dorothy Grice
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
- Division of Tics, OCD, and Related Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Jeffrey Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | | | - Bastian Hengerer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Research, Germany
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Hematology Department- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Greece
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - John A. Stamatoyannopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Noa Benaroya-Milshtein
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Schneider Children’s Medical Centre of Israel, Petah-Tikva. Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Francesco Cardona
- Department of Human Neurosciences, University La Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tammy Hedderly
- Evelina London Children’s Hospital GSTT, Kings Health Partners AHSC, London, UK
| | - Isobel Heyman
- Psychological Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, UK
| | - Chaim Huyser
- Levvel, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Astrid Morer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Carlos III, Spain
| | - Norbert Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Munchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cesare Porcelli
- ASL BA, Maternal and Childood Department; Adolescence and Childhood Neuropsychiatry Unit; Bari, Italy
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anette Schrag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jay A. Tischfield
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Gary A. Heiman
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - A. Jeremy Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lea K. Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James J. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carol A. Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry and Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA
| | - Jeremiah M. Scharf
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marianthi Georgitsi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- 1st Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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3
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Gray M, Nash KR, Yao Y. Adenylyl cyclase 2 expression and function in neurological diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14880. [PMID: 39073001 PMCID: PMC11284242 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (Adcys) catalyze the formation of cAMP, a secondary messenger essential for cell survival and neurotransmission pathways in the CNS. Adcy2, one of ten Adcy isoforms, is highly expressed in the CNS. Abnormal Adcy2 expression and mutations have been reported in various neurological disorders in both rodents and humans. However, due to the lack of genetic tools, loss-of-function studies of Adcy2 are scarce. In this review, we summarize recent findings on Adcy2 expression and function in neurological diseases. Specifically, we first introduce the biochemistry, structure, and function of Adcy2 briefly. Next, the expression and association of Adcy2 in human patients and rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), psychiatric disorders (Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder), and other neurological conditions (stress-associated disorders, stroke, epilepsy, and Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome) are elaborated. Furthermore, we discuss the pros and cons of current studies as well as key questions that need to be answered in the future. We hope to provide a focused review on Adcy2 that promotes future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsilla Gray
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
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4
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Nasello C, Poppi LA, Wu J, Kowalski TF, Thackray JK, Wang R, Persaud A, Mahboob M, Lin S, Spaseska R, Johnson CK, Gordon D, Tissir F, Heiman GA, Tischfield JA, Bocarsly M, Tischfield MA. Human mutations in high-confidence Tourette disorder genes affect sensorimotor behavior, reward learning, and striatal dopamine in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307156121. [PMID: 38683996 PMCID: PMC11087812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307156121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tourette disorder (TD) is poorly understood, despite affecting 1/160 children. A lack of animal models possessing construct, face, and predictive validity hinders progress in the field. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate mice with mutations orthologous to human de novo variants in two high-confidence Tourette genes, CELSR3 and WWC1. Mice with human mutations in Celsr3 and Wwc1 exhibit cognitive and/or sensorimotor behavioral phenotypes consistent with TD. Sensorimotor gating deficits, as measured by acoustic prepulse inhibition, occur in both male and female Celsr3 TD models. Wwc1 mice show reduced prepulse inhibition only in females. Repetitive motor behaviors, common to Celsr3 mice and more pronounced in females, include vertical rearing and grooming. Sensorimotor gating deficits and rearing are attenuated by aripiprazole, a partial agonist at dopamine type II receptors. Unsupervised machine learning reveals numerous changes to spontaneous motor behavior and less predictable patterns of movement. Continuous fixed-ratio reinforcement shows that Celsr3 TD mice have enhanced motor responding and reward learning. Electrically evoked striatal dopamine release, tested in one model, is greater. Brain development is otherwise grossly normal without signs of striatal interneuron loss. Altogether, mice expressing human mutations in high-confidence TD genes exhibit face and predictive validity. Reduced prepulse inhibition and repetitive motor behaviors are core behavioral phenotypes and are responsive to aripiprazole. Enhanced reward learning and motor responding occur alongside greater evoked dopamine release. Phenotypes can also vary by sex and show stronger affection in females, an unexpected finding considering males are more frequently affected in TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Nasello
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - Lauren A. Poppi
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ08901
| | - Junbing Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ08901
| | - Tess F. Kowalski
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ08901
| | - Joshua K. Thackray
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - Riley Wang
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - Angelina Persaud
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ08901
| | - Mariam Mahboob
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ07103
| | - Sherry Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Rodna Spaseska
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - C. K. Johnson
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - Derek Gordon
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - Fadel Tissir
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha34110, Qatar
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels1200, Belgium
| | - Gary A. Heiman
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - Jay A. Tischfield
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
| | - Miriam Bocarsly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ07103
| | - Max A. Tischfield
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ08901
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5
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Stegmann JD, Kalanithy JC, Dworschak GC, Ishorst N, Mingardo E, Lopes FM, Ho YM, Grote P, Lindenberg TT, Yilmaz Ö, Channab K, Seltzsam S, Shril S, Hildebrandt F, Boschann F, Heinen A, Jolly A, Myers K, McBride K, Bekheirnia MR, Bekheirnia N, Scala M, Morleo M, Nigro V, Torella A, Pinelli M, Capra V, Accogli A, Maitz S, Spano A, Olson RJ, Klee EW, Lanpher BC, Jang SS, Chae JH, Steinbauer P, Rieder D, Janecke AR, Vodopiutz J, Vogel I, Blechingberg J, Cohen JL, Riley K, Klee V, Walsh LE, Begemann M, Elbracht M, Eggermann T, Stoppe A, Stuurman K, van Slegtenhorst M, Barakat TS, Mulhern MS, Sands TT, Cytrynbaum C, Weksberg R, Isidori F, Pippucci T, Severi G, Montanari F, Kruer MC, Bakhtiari S, Darvish H, Reutter H, Hagelueken G, Geyer M, Woolf AS, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Odermatt B, Hilger AC. Bi-allelic variants in CELSR3 are implicated in central nervous system and urinary tract anomalies. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:18. [PMID: 38429302 PMCID: PMC10907620 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
CELSR3 codes for a planar cell polarity protein. We describe twelve affected individuals from eleven independent families with bi-allelic variants in CELSR3. Affected individuals presented with an overlapping phenotypic spectrum comprising central nervous system (CNS) anomalies (7/12), combined CNS anomalies and congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) (3/12) and CAKUT only (2/12). Computational simulation of the 3D protein structure suggests the position of the identified variants to be implicated in penetrance and phenotype expression. CELSR3 immunolocalization in human embryonic urinary tract and transient suppression and rescue experiments of Celsr3 in fluorescent zebrafish reporter lines further support an embryonic role of CELSR3 in CNS and urinary tract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jil D Stegmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
| | - Jeshurun C Kalanithy
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Gabriel C Dworschak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Nina Ishorst
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Enrico Mingardo
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Filipa M Lopes
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yee Mang Ho
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Phillip Grote
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias T Lindenberg
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Öznur Yilmaz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Khadija Channab
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Steve Seltzsam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felix Boschann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Heinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Myers
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kim McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Renal Service, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nasim Bekheirnia
- Department of Pediatrics, Renal Service, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Morleo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Pinelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Genomics and Clinical Genetics, IRCCS Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Medical Genetics Service, Oncology Department of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Rory J Olson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brendan C Lanpher
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Se Song Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Genomics Medicine, Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Philipp Steinbauer
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Rieder
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Vodopiutz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jenny Blechingberg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jennifer L Cohen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kacie Riley
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Victoria Klee
- Pediatric Neurology, Riley Hospital for Children Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Laurence E Walsh
- Pediatric Neurology, Riley Hospital for Children Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arzu Stoppe
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kyra Stuurman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen S Mulhern
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tristan T Sands
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Cytrynbaum
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Federica Isidori
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Severi
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Montanari
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Division Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Hagelueken
- Institute of Structural Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin Odermatt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Alina C Hilger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
- Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Li K, Xiao J, Ling Z, Luo T, Xiong J, Chen Q, Dong L, Wang Y, Wang X, Jiang Z, Xia L, Yu Z, Hua R, Guo R, Tang D, Lv M, Lian A, Li B, Zhao G, He X, Xia K, Cao Y, Li J. Prioritizing de novo potential non-canonical splicing variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104928. [PMID: 38113761 PMCID: PMC10767160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic variants outside of the canonical splicing site (±2) may generate abnormal mRNA splicing, which are defined as non-canonical splicing variants (NCSVs). However, the clinical interpretation of NCSVs in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is largely unknown. METHODS We investigated the contribution of NCSVs to NDDs from 345,787 de novo variants (DNVs) in 47,574 patients with NDDs. We performed functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction analysis to assess the association between genes carrying prioritised NCSVs and NDDs. Minigene was used to validate the impact of NCSVs on mRNA splicing. FINDINGS We observed significantly more NCSVs (p = 0.02, odds ratio [OR] = 2.05) among patients with NDD than in controls. Both canonical splicing variants (CSVs) and NCSVs contributed to an equal proportion of patients with NDD (0.76% vs. 0.82%). The candidate genes carrying NCSVs were associated with glutamatergic synapse and chromatin remodelling. Minigene successfully validated 59 of 79 (74.68%) NCSVs that led to abnormal splicing in 40 candidate genes, and 9 of the genes (ARID1B, KAT6B, TCF4, SMARCA2, SHANK3, PDHA1, WDR45, SCN2A, SYNGAP1) harboured recurrent NCSVs with the same variant present in more than two unrelated patients with NDD. Moreover, 36 of 59 (61.02%) NCSVs are novel clinically relevant variants, including 34 unreported and 2 clinically conflicting interpretations or of uncertain significance NCSVs in the ClinVar database. INTERPRETATION This study highlights the common pathology and clinical importance of NCSVs in unsolved patients with NDD. FUNDING The present study was funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, the Hunan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project, the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan, The Scientific Research Program of FuRong laboratory, and the Natural Science Project of the University of Anhui Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuokuo Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jifang Xiao
- Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Bioinformatics Center, Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengbao Ling
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyu Xiong
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Bioinformatics Center, Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Bioinformatics Center, Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Bioinformatics Center, Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Bioinformatics Center, Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaowei Jiang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Aojie Lian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Bioinformatics Center, Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - GuiHu Zhao
- Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Bioinformatics Center, Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Human Sperm Bank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Kun Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jinchen Li
- Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Bioinformatics Center, Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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7
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Nasello C, Poppi LA, Wu J, Kowalski TF, Thackray JK, Wang R, Persaud A, Mahboob M, Lin S, Spaseska R, Johnson CK, Gordon D, Tissir F, Heiman GA, Tischfield JA, Bocarsly M, Tischfield MA. Human mutations in high-confidence Tourette disorder genes affect sensorimotor behavior, reward learning, and striatal dopamine in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.569034. [PMID: 38077033 PMCID: PMC10705456 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.569034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Tourette disorder (TD) is poorly understood, despite affecting 1/160 children. A lack of animal models possessing construct, face, and predictive validity hinders progress in the field. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate mice with mutations orthologous to human de novo variants in two high-confidence Tourette genes, CELSR3 and WWC1 . Mice with human mutations in Celsr3 and Wwc1 exhibit cognitive and/or sensorimotor behavioral phenotypes consistent with TD. Sensorimotor gating deficits, as measured by acoustic prepulse inhibition, occur in both male and female Celsr3 TD models. Wwc1 mice show reduced prepulse inhibition only in females. Repetitive motor behaviors, common to Celsr3 mice and more pronounced in females, include vertical rearing and grooming. Sensorimotor gating deficits and rearing are attenuated by aripiprazole, a partial agonist at dopamine type II receptors. Unsupervised machine learning reveals numerous changes to spontaneous motor behavior and less predictable patterns of movement. Continuous fixed-ratio reinforcement shows Celsr3 TD mice have enhanced motor responding and reward learning. Electrically evoked striatal dopamine release, tested in one model, is greater. Brain development is otherwise grossly normal without signs of striatal interneuron loss. Altogether, mice expressing human mutations in high-confidence TD genes exhibit face and predictive validity. Reduced prepulse inhibition and repetitive motor behaviors are core behavioral phenotypes and are responsive to aripiprazole. Enhanced reward learning and motor responding occurs alongside greater evoked dopamine release. Phenotypes can also vary by sex and show stronger affection in females, an unexpected finding considering males are more frequently affected in TD. Significance Statement We generated mouse models that express mutations in high-confidence genes linked to Tourette disorder (TD). These models show sensorimotor and cognitive behavioral phenotypes resembling TD-like behaviors. Sensorimotor gating deficits and repetitive motor behaviors are attenuated by drugs that act on dopamine. Reward learning and striatal dopamine is enhanced. Brain development is grossly normal, including cortical layering and patterning of major axon tracts. Further, no signs of striatal interneuron loss are detected. Interestingly, behavioral phenotypes in affected females can be more pronounced than in males, despite male sex bias in the diagnosis of TD. These novel mouse models with construct, face, and predictive validity provide a new resource to study neural substrates that cause tics and related behavioral phenotypes in TD.
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Lin K, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang C, Feng Q. Treatment of Tourette syndrome by acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine based on syndrome differentiation: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34268. [PMID: 37478233 PMCID: PMC10662812 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by involuntary motor and speech tics, which can greatly reduce the quality of life of patients. The pathophysiology of TS involves both genetic and environmental factors. Assessing TS pathogenesis is complex, and its underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood. It is gratifying that the research in the past 5 years has brought new research progress on the genetic, neurophysiological and brain network changes of TS. However, despite the progress of research, the treatment methods and drugs of modern medicine are still unsatisfactory, and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results. Traditional Chinese medicine, as a part of complementary and alternative medicine, has unique efficacy in the treatment of TS, and the safety of its treatment is also worthy of attention. Based on the latest achievements in the pathophysiology of TS, this article will discuss the treatment of TS by acupuncture combined with medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lin
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanyu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuju Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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9
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Andreassen OA, Hindley GFL, Frei O, Smeland OB. New insights from the last decade of research in psychiatric genetics: discoveries, challenges and clinical implications. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:4-24. [PMID: 36640404 PMCID: PMC9840515 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric genetics has made substantial progress in the last decade, providing new insights into the genetic etiology of psychiatric disorders, and paving the way for precision psychiatry, in which individual genetic profiles may be used to personalize risk assessment and inform clinical decision-making. Long recognized to be heritable, recent evidence shows that psychiatric disorders are influenced by thousands of genetic variants acting together. Most of these variants are commonly occurring, meaning that every individual has a genetic risk to each psychiatric disorder, from low to high. A series of large-scale genetic studies have discovered an increasing number of common and rare genetic variants robustly associated with major psychiatric disorders. The most convincing biological interpretation of the genetic findings implicates altered synaptic function in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. However, the mechanistic understanding is still incomplete. In line with their extensive clinical and epidemiological overlap, psychiatric disorders appear to exist on genetic continua and share a large degree of genetic risk with one another. This provides further support to the notion that current psychiatric diagnoses do not represent distinct pathogenic entities, which may inform ongoing attempts to reconceptualize psychiatric nosology. Psychiatric disorders also share genetic influences with a range of behavioral and somatic traits and diseases, including brain structures, cognitive function, immunological phenotypes and cardiovascular disease, suggesting shared genetic etiology of potential clinical importance. Current polygenic risk score tools, which predict individual genetic susceptibility to illness, do not yet provide clinically actionable information. However, their precision is likely to improve in the coming years, and they may eventually become part of clinical practice, stressing the need to educate clinicians and patients about their potential use and misuse. This review discusses key recent insights from psychiatric genetics and their possible clinical applications, and suggests future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F L Hindley
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Lala T, Hall RA. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: structure, signaling, physiology, and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1587-1624. [PMID: 35468004 PMCID: PMC9255715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs) are a family of 33 receptors in humans exhibiting a conserved general structure but diverse expression patterns and physiological functions. The large NH2 termini characteristic of AGPCRs confer unique properties to each receptor and possess a variety of distinct domains that can bind to a diverse array of extracellular proteins and components of the extracellular matrix. The traditional view of AGPCRs, as implied by their name, is that their core function is the mediation of adhesion. In recent years, though, many surprising advances have been made regarding AGPCR signaling mechanisms, activation by mechanosensory forces, and stimulation by small-molecule ligands such as steroid hormones and bioactive lipids. Thus, a new view of AGPCRs has begun to emerge in which these receptors are seen as massive signaling platforms that are crucial for the integration of adhesive, mechanosensory, and chemical stimuli. This review article describes the recent advances that have led to this new understanding of AGPCR function and also discusses new insights into the physiological actions of these receptors as well as their roles in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Lala
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Randy A Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Fitzgerald T, Birney E. CNest: A novel copy number association discovery method uncovers 862 new associations from 200,629 whole-exome sequence datasets in the UK Biobank. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100167. [PMID: 36779085 PMCID: PMC9903682 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is known to influence human traits, having a rich history of research into common and rare genetic disease, and although CNV is accepted as an important class of genomic variation, progress on copy-number-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs) from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data has been limited. Here we present a novel method for large-scale copy number analysis from NGS data generating robust copy number estimates and allowing copy number GWASs (CN-GWASs) to be performed genome-wide in discovery mode. We provide a detailed analysis in the UK Biobank resource and a specifically designed software package. We use these methods to perform CN-GWAS analysis across 78 human traits, discovering over 800 genetic associations that are likely to contribute strongly to trait distributions. Finally, we compare CNV and SNP association signals across the same traits and samples, defining specific CNV association classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fitzgerald
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
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Planar cell polarity and the pathogenesis of Tourette Disorder: New hypotheses and perspectives. Dev Biol 2022; 489:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kumble S, Levy AM, Punetha J, Gao H, Ah Mew N, Anyane-Yeboa K, Benke PJ, Berger SM, Bjerglund L, Campos-Xavier B, Ciliberto M, Cohen JS, Comi AM, Curry C, Damaj L, Denommé-Pichon AS, Emrick L, Faivre L, Fasano MB, Fiévet A, Finkel RS, García-Miñaúr S, Gerard A, Gomez-Puertas P, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Hoffman TL, Howard L, Iglesias AD, Izumi K, Larson A, Leiber A, Lozano R, Marcos-Alcalde I, Mintz CS, Mullegama SV, Møller RS, Odent S, Oppermann H, Ostergaard E, Pacio-Míguez M, Palomares-Bralo M, Parikh S, Paulson AM, Platzer K, Posey JE, Potocki L, Revah-Politi A, Rio M, Ritter AL, Robinson S, Rosenfeld JA, Santos-Simarro F, Sousa SB, Wéber M, Xie Y, Chung WK, Brown NJ, Tümer Z. The clinical and molecular spectrum of QRICH1 associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:266-282. [PMID: 34859529 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
De novo variants in QRICH1 (Glutamine-rich protein 1) has recently been reported in 11 individuals with intellectual disability (ID). The function of QRICH1 is largely unknown but it is likely to play a key role in the unfolded response of endoplasmic reticulum stress through transcriptional control of proteostasis. In this study, we present 27 additional individuals and delineate the clinical and molecular spectrum of the individuals (n = 38) with QRICH1 variants. The main clinical features were mild to moderate developmental delay/ID (71%), nonspecific facial dysmorphism (92%) and hypotonia (39%). Additional findings included poor weight gain (29%), short stature (29%), autism spectrum disorder (29%), seizures (24%) and scoliosis (18%). Minor structural brain abnormalities were reported in 52% of the individuals with brain imaging. Truncating or splice variants were found in 28 individuals and 10 had missense variants. Four variants were inherited from mildly affected parents. This study confirms that heterozygous QRICH1 variants cause a neurodevelopmental disorder including short stature and expands the phenotypic spectrum to include poor weight gain, scoliosis, hypotonia, minor structural brain anomalies, and seizures. Inherited variants from mildly affected parents are reported for the first time, suggesting variable expressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Kumble
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda M Levy
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaya Punetha
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Review Analysis, GeneDx LLC, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Ah Mew
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kwame Anyane-Yeboa
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Benke
- Division of Genetics, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, Florida, USA
| | - Sara M Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Lise Bjerglund
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ciliberto
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne M Comi
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia Curry
- Deptartment of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, UCSF/Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Lena Damaj
- Service de pédiatrie et de génétique clinique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- INSERM UMR1231 Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Lisa Emrick
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Mary Beth Fasano
- Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alice Fiévet
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites Seqoia-FMG2025, Paris, France
- Service Génétique des Tumeurs, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Gerard
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paulino Gomez-Puertas
- Molecular Modelling Group, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Centre (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Trevor L Hoffman
- Regional Department of Genetics, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Lillian Howard
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alejandro D Iglesias
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Austin Larson
- Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anja Leiber
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Eastern Switzerland St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Reymundo Lozano
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Iñigo Marcos-Alcalde
- Molecular Modelling Group, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Centre (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Biosciences Research Institute, School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cassie S Mintz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment, The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sylvie Odent
- CHU Rennes, Hôpital Sud, Service de Génétique Clinique, Univ Rennes, CNRS IGDR UMR 6290, Centre de référence Anomalies du développement CLAD-Ouest, ERN ITHACA, Rennes, France
| | - Henry Oppermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elsebet Ostergaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Pacio-Míguez
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Palomares-Bralo
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sumit Parikh
- Mitochondrial Medicine & Neurogenetics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna M Paulson
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorraine Potocki
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anya Revah-Politi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Precision Genomics Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Marlene Rio
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Alyssa L Ritter
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sérgio B Sousa
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mathys Wéber
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Yili Xie
- Clinical Genomics Program, GeneDx, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Natasha J Brown
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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A white paper on a neurodevelopmental framework for drug discovery in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 48:49-88. [PMID: 33781629 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade there has been a revolution in terms of genetic findings in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), with many discoveries critical for understanding their aetiology and pathophysiology. Clinical trials in single-gene disorders such as fragile X syndrome highlight the challenges of investigating new drug targets in NDDs. Incorporating a developmental perspective into the process of drug development for NDDs could help to overcome some of the current difficulties in identifying and testing new treatments. This paper provides a summary of the proceedings of the 'New Frontiers Meeting' on neurodevelopmental disorders organised by the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology in conjunction with the Innovative Medicines Initiative-sponsored AIMS-2-TRIALS consortium. It brought together experts in developmental genetics, autism, NDDs, and clinical trials from academia and industry, regulators, patient and family associations, and other stakeholders. The meeting sought to provide a platform for focused communication on scientific insights, challenges, and methodologies that might be applicable to the development of CNS treatments from a neurodevelopmental perspective. Multidisciplinary translational consortia to develop basic and clinical research in parallel could be pivotal to advance knowledge in the field. Although implementation of clinical trials for NDDs in paediatric populations is widely acknowledged as essential, safety concerns should guide each aspect of their design. Industry and academia should join forces to improve knowledge of the biology of brain development, identify the optimal timing of interventions, and translate these findings into new drugs, allowing for the needs of users and families, with support from regulatory agencies.
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Kleimaker A, Kleimaker M, Behm A, Weissbach A, Bäumer T, Beste C, Roessner V, Münchau A. Networks in the Field of Tourette Syndrome. Front Neurol 2021; 12:624858. [PMID: 33927678 PMCID: PMC8076536 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric neurodevelopmental disorder with the cardinal clinical features of motor and phonic tics. Clinical phenomenology can be complex since, besides tics, there are other features including premonitory urges preceding tics, pali-, echo-, and coprophenomena, hypersensitivity to external stimuli, and symptom dependency on stress, attention, and other less well-defined factors. Also, the rate of comorbidities, particularly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, is high. Mirroring the complexities of the clinical course and phenomenology, pathophysiological findings are very diverse, and etiology is disputed. It has become clear, though, that abnormalities in the basal ganglia and their connections with cortical areas are key for the understanding of the pathophysiology and as regards etiology, genetic factors are crucial. Against this background, both adequate clinical management of TS and TS-related research require multidisciplinary preferably international cooperation in larger groups or networks to address the multiple facets of this disorder and yield valid and useful data. In particular, large numbers of patients are needed for brain imaging and genetic studies. To meet these requirements, a number of networks and groups in the field of TS have developed over the years creating an efficient, lively, and supportive international research community. In this review, we will provide an overview of these groups and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kleimaker
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kleimaker
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amelie Behm
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are the most prevalent chronic medical conditions encountered in pediatric primary care. In addition to identifying appropriate descriptive diagnoses and guiding families to evidence-based treatments and supports, comprehensive care for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders includes a search for an underlying etiologic diagnosis, primarily through a genetic evaluation. Identification of an underlying genetic etiology can inform prognosis, clarify recurrence risk, shape clinical management, and direct patients and families to condition-specific resources and supports. Here we review the utility of genetic testing in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders and describe the three major testing modalities and their yields - chromosomal microarray, exome sequencing (with/without copy number variant calling), and FMR1 CGG repeat analysis for fragile X syndrome. Given the diagnostic yield of genetic testing and the potential for clinical and personal utility, there is consensus that genetic testing should be offered to all patients with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or autism spectrum disorder. Despite this recommendation, data suggest that a minority of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability have undergone genetic testing. To address this gap in care, we describe a structured but flexible approach to facilitate integration of genetic testing into clinical practice across pediatric specialties and discuss future considerations for genetic testing in neurodevelopmental disorders to prepare pediatric providers to care for patients with such diagnoses today and tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann M. Savatt
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States
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Exner CRT, Willsey HR. Xenopus leads the way: Frogs as a pioneering model to understand the human brain. Genesis 2021; 59:e23405. [PMID: 33369095 PMCID: PMC8130472 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
From its long history in the field of embryology to its recent advances in genetics, Xenopus has been an indispensable model for understanding the human brain. Foundational studies that gave us our first insights into major embryonic patterning events serve as a crucial backdrop for newer avenues of investigation into organogenesis and organ function. The vast array of tools available in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis allows interrogation of developmental phenomena at all levels, from the molecular to the behavioral, and the application of CRISPR technology has enabled the investigation of human disorder risk genes in a higher-throughput manner. As the only major tetrapod model in which all developmental stages are easily manipulated and observed, frogs provide the unique opportunity to study organ development from the earliest stages. All of these features make Xenopus a premier model for studying the development of the brain, a notoriously complex process that demands an understanding of all stages from fertilization to organogenesis and beyond. Importantly, core processes of brain development are conserved between Xenopus and human, underlining the advantages of this model. This review begins by summarizing discoveries made in amphibians that form the cornerstones of vertebrate neurodevelopmental biology and goes on to discuss recent advances that have catapulted our understanding of brain development in Xenopus and in relation to human development and disease. As we engage in a new era of patient-driven gene discovery, Xenopus offers exceptional potential to uncover conserved biology underlying human brain disorders and move towards rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R T Exner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Helen Rankin Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
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Tics induced by antiepileptic drugs: a pragmatic review. J Neurol 2020; 268:321-336. [PMID: 32804278 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical spectrum of tics induced by antiepileptic drugs (AED), a form of 'secondary Tourettism', is largely unknown. Examining the literature aimed to help clinicians identify, understand and manage these cases. Understanding the mechanism of AED-induced tics could provide valuable insights into why certain patients may be vulnerable to this adverse event. METHODS A pragmatic systematic review, adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was performed. Data sources included: PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library. No lower date restrictions were employed, with December 2019 being the end date. Any tics reported in the presence of an AED were included in the review. Case reports were not excluded due to the scant evidence. Individual patient-level data was extracted from published material and the Naranjo Scale was applied to each case to assess the likelihood of causality. RESULTS 181 unique papers were identified from the search. 24 manuscripts with a total of 43 subjects met eligibility for analysis. AED with different modes of action: carbamazepine, clonazepam, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenytoin and phenobarbital; were identified as causative AEDs. The clinical phenotype was broad, although a neuropsychiatric history characterised by reduced impulse control was more predictive than a previous tic in the adult population, phenomenology had a facial/truncal predominance and most tics resolved or improve with either AED withdrawal or dose reduction. SIGNIFICANCE Multiple AEDs with different modes of action can induce tic disorders, including newer AEDs. The cause is therefore unlikely to be an alteration to a single neurotransmitter, but rather an imbalance of networks, influenced further by individual factors.
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Ganesh RA, Venkataraman K, Sirdeshmukh R. GPR56: An adhesion GPCR involved in brain development, neurological disorders and cancer. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147055. [PMID: 32798453 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GPR56/ADGRG1 is a member of the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR) family and one of the important players in the normal development of the brain. It plays a pivotal role in the diverse neurobiological processes, including cortical formation, oligodendrocyte development, and myelination. Mutations in GPR56 are known to cause brain malformation, myelination defects and are also implied in many cancers, including brain tumors. Since its identification almost two decades ago, GPR56 has emerged from an orphaned and uncharacterized GPCR to an increasingly well studied receptor. Yet, much needs to be understood about GPR56, both in terms of its molecular interactions and biological functions that may be relevant in normal health and disease. The review is focussed on the recent available knowledge of GPR56, which would give useful insights into its known and potential roles in the human brain, neurological disorders, and brain tumors like glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha A Ganesh
- Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India; Center for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632104, India
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Center for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632104, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, Narayana Health, Bangalore 560099, India; Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore 560066, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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Heiman GA, Rispoli J, Seymour C, Leckman JF, King RA, Fernandez TV. Empiric Recurrence Risk Estimates for Chronic Tic Disorders: Implications for Genetic Counseling. Front Neurol 2020; 11:770. [PMID: 32849224 PMCID: PMC7432137 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tourette disorder (TD) and other chronic tic disorders are neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by motor and/or vocal tics. Family studies indicate that TD strongly aggregates within families and that other chronic tic disorders are biologically related such that studies typically combine them into any chronic tic disorder (CTD). Because of stigma, bullying, and comorbidity with other neuropsychiatric disorders, CTDs can severely impact the quality of life of individuals with these disorders. Objectives: The genetic architecture of CTDs is complex and heterogeneous, involving a myriad of genetic variants. Thus, providing familial recurrence risks is based on empirical recurrence risk estimates rather than genetic testing. Because empiric recurrence risks for CTDs have not been published, the purpose of this study is to calculate and report these recurrence risks estimates. Methods: Based on population prevalence and increased risk to different relatives from a large population-based family study, we calculated the empiric recurrent risk estimate for each relative type (full sibling, parents, offspring, all first-degree, and all second-degree). Results: The recurrence risk estimate for CTDs in first-degree relatives is 29.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.2-38.5%]. The risk is higher in males, 33.7% (95% CI = 26.2-43.3%), than females, 24.3% (95% CI = 18.9-31.3%). Conclusions: Given the complex, heterogeneous genetic architecture of CTDs, individuals concerned about recurrence risk should be referred to genetic counseling. Such counseling should include discussion of the derivation and limitations of these empiric recurrence risk estimates, including the upper and lower limits of the range of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Heiman
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jessica Rispoli
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Christine Seymour
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - James F. Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert A. King
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas V. Fernandez
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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21
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Zhao G, Li K, Li B, Wang Z, Fang Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Luo T, Zhou Q, Wang L, Xie Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Xia L, Tang Y, Tang B, Xia K, Li J. Gene4Denovo: an integrated database and analytic platform for de novo mutations in humans. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:D913-D926. [PMID: 31642496 PMCID: PMC7145562 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations (DNMs) significantly contribute to sporadic diseases, particularly in neuropsychiatric disorders. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provide effective methods for detecting DNMs and prioritizing candidate genes. However, it remains a challenge for scientists, clinicians, and biologists to conveniently access and analyse data regarding DNMs and candidate genes from scattered publications. To fill the unmet need, we integrated 580 799 DNMs, including 30 060 coding DNMs detected by WES/WGS from 23 951 individuals across 24 phenotypes and prioritized a list of candidate genes with different degrees of statistical evidence, including 346 genes with false discovery rates <0.05. We then developed a database called Gene4Denovo (http://www.genemed.tech/gene4denovo/), which allowed these genetic data to be conveniently catalogued, searched, browsed, and analysed. In addition, Gene4Denovo integrated data from >60 genomic sources to provide comprehensive variant-level and gene-level annotation and information regarding the DNMs and candidate genes. Furthermore, Gene4Denovo provides end-users with limited bioinformatics skills to analyse their own genetic data, perform comprehensive annotation, and prioritize candidate genes using custom parameters. In conclusion, Gene4Denovo conveniently allows for the accelerated interpretation of DNM pathogenicity and the clinical implication of DNMs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kuokuo Li
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Xie
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Tang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to present current information on the phenomenology, epidemiology, comorbidities, and pathophysiology of tic disorders and discuss therapy options. It is hoped that a greater understanding of each of these components will provide clinicians with the necessary information to deliver thoughtful and optimal care to affected individuals. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances include the finding that Tourette syndrome is likely due to a combination of several different genes, both low-effect and larger-effect variants, plus environmental factors. Pathophysiologically, increasing evidence supports involvement of the cortical-basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit; however, the primary location and neurotransmitter remain controversial. Behavioral therapy is first-line treatment, and pharmacotherapy is based on tic severity. Several newer therapeutic agents are under investigation (eg, valbenazine, deutetrabenazine, cannabinoids), and deep brain stimulation is a promising therapy. SUMMARY Tics, defined as sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalizations, are essential components of Tourette syndrome. Although some tics may be mild, others can cause significant psychosocial, physical, and functional difficulties that affect daily activities. In addition to tics, most affected individuals have coexisting neuropsychological difficulties (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, mood disorder, disruptive behaviors, schizotypal traits, suicidal behavior, personality disorder, antisocial activities, and sleep disorders) that can further impact social and academic activities or employment.
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23
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Clarke RA, Furlong TM, Eapen V. Tourette Syndrome Risk Genes Regulate Mitochondrial Dynamics, Structure, and Function. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:556803. [PMID: 33776808 PMCID: PMC7987655 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.556803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics with an estimated prevalence of 1% in children and adolescents. GTS has high rates of inheritance with many rare mutations identified. Apart from the role of the neurexin trans-synaptic connexus (NTSC) little has been confirmed regarding the molecular basis of GTS. The NTSC pathway regulates neuronal circuitry development, synaptic connectivity and neurotransmission. In this study we integrate GTS mutations into mitochondrial pathways that also regulate neuronal circuitry development, synaptic connectivity and neurotransmission. Many deleterious mutations in GTS occur in genes with complementary and consecutive roles in mitochondrial dynamics, structure and function (MDSF) pathways. These genes include those involved in mitochondrial transport (NDE1, DISC1, OPA1), mitochondrial fusion (OPA1), fission (ADCY2, DGKB, AMPK/PKA, RCAN1, PKC), mitochondrial metabolic and bio-energetic optimization (IMMP2L, MPV17, MRPL3, MRPL44). This study is the first to develop and describe an integrated mitochondrial pathway in the pathogenesis of GTS. The evidence from this study and our earlier modeling of GTS molecular pathways provides compounding support for a GTS deficit in mitochondrial supply affecting neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Clarke
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Teri M Furlong
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,South West Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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24
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Zhao X, Wang S, Hao J, Zhu P, Zhang X, Wu M. A Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of Tourette Disorder in a Chinese Population. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 39:63-68. [PMID: 31855460 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the contribution of de novo variants to Tourette disorder (TD) probands in China. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) conducted on 15 child-parent trios (45 samples) detected 25 coding de novo variants, including 2 de novo Likely Gene Disrupting (LGD) variants and 6 Missense3 variants. The de novo LGD variants were consistently associated with TD risk (Fisher's exact test OR 2.69; p = 0.1952), although statistical significance was not achieved due to the small sample size. We then assessed the relationship between the genetic events and phenotypic data by comparing Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scores. The TD probands with damaging variants (defined as LGD variants and Mis3 variants) had significantly higher YGTSS scores, suggesting more severe tic symptoms (p = 0.019). We also observed a hit for a damaging compound heterozygous (CH) mutation in CELSR3, a high-confidence TD risk gene, in one of the TD probands. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate de novo variants in TD in a Chinese population. Our results showed that de novo LGD variants contributed to TD risk in our cohort and that TD probands with de novo damaging variants have more severe symptoms. Furthermore, our observation of damaging CH mutations in CELSR3 in an individual affected with TD further strengthened the confidence in a role for this gene in TD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Juanjuan Hao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Qian R, Ma Y, You L, Zhao Y, Li S, Shen J, Jiang L, Yang C, Jiang P, Yuan Z, Gao F, Mao S. The Blood Levels of Trace Elements Are Lower in Children With Tic Disorder: Results From a Retrospective Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1324. [PMID: 31920944 PMCID: PMC6928139 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tic disorders (TD) are common neuropsychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. It is controversial that trace elements may participate in the pathogenesis of TD. Our study aimed to investigate the trace elements status of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) in children with TD, in comparison to healthy controls. Methods: The medical records of eligible TD children and normal healthy children from January 1 to December 31, 2018 in the outpatient clinic were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical information of all subjects were collected including age, gender, diagnosis, previous health records, and serum trace elements level (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg) at the time of diagnosis before initiating treatment. Results: In total, 1204 TD children (7.63 ± 2.45 years) and 1,220 healthy children (7.27 ± 3.15 years) who were divided into two gender and three age groups (2–4years, 5–9years, ≥10 years) were reviewed in our study. Our study showed that TD children generally had lower whole blood levels of Zn, Cu, Fe than the normal controls (P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed in whole blood levels of Mg. After adjusting for gender, the trends still remained. Further analysis was performed according to age, the trends still remained in Zn and Fe in all age groups (P < 0.05). However, we observed an almost significantly (P = 0.055) lower level of Cu in TD of 2–4 years group while significant differences in other two groups (P < 0.01). Further multiple linear regression and point biserial correlation showed that the lower blood levels of Zn, Cu, and Fe were correlated with the incidence of TD. Conclusion: The present results indicated that lower blood levels of zinc, iron, copper were associated with TD. Trace elements may be used as an auxiliary treatment for TD and need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Qian
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuqing You
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Department of General Practice, Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiwei Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peifang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhefeng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Sullivan PF, Geschwind DH. Defining the Genetic, Genomic, Cellular, and Diagnostic Architectures of Psychiatric Disorders. Cell 2019; 177:162-183. [PMID: 30901538 PMCID: PMC6432948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the genetics of psychiatric disorders have become one of the most exciting and fast-moving areas in human genetics. A decade ago, there were few reproducible findings, and now there are hundreds. In this review, we focus on the findings that have illuminated the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders and the challenges of using these findings to inform our understanding of pathophysiology. The evidence is now overwhelming that psychiatric disorders are "polygenic"-that many genetic loci contribute to risk. With the exception of a subset of those with ASD, few individuals with a psychiatric disorder have a single, deterministic genetic cause; rather, developing a psychiatric disorder is influenced by hundreds of different genetic variants, consistent with a polygenic model. As progressively larger studies have uncovered more about their genetic architecture, the need to elucidate additional architectures has become clear. Even if we were to have complete knowledge of the genetic architecture of a psychiatric disorder, full understanding requires deep knowledge of the functional genomic architecture-the implicated loci impact regulatory processes that influence gene expression and the functional coordination of genes that control biological processes. Following from this is cellular architecture: of all brain regions, cell types, and developmental stages, where and when are the functional architectures operative? Given that the genetic architectures of different psychiatric disorders often strongly overlap, we are challenged to re-evaluate and refine the diagnostic architectures of psychiatric disorders using fundamental genetic and neurobiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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