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El Hajj R, Al Sagheer T, Ballout N. Optogenetics in chronic neurodegenerative diseases, controlling the brain with light: A systematic review. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25321. [PMID: 38588013 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive disorders characterized by synaptic loss and neuronal death. Optogenetics combines optical and genetic methods to control the activity of specific cell types. The efficacy of this approach in neurodegenerative diseases has been investigated in many reviews, however, none of them tackled it systematically. Our study aimed to review systematically the findings of optogenetics and its potential applications in animal models of chronic neurodegenerative diseases and compare it with deep brain stimulation and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs techniques. The search strategy was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines and the risk of bias was assessed following the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation tool. A total of 247 articles were found, of which 53 were suitable for the qualitative analysis. Our data revealed that optogenetic manipulation of distinct neurons in the brain is efficient in rescuing memory impairment, alleviating neuroinflammation, and reducing plaque pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, this technique shows an advanced understanding of the contribution of various neurons involved in the basal ganglia pathways with Parkinson's disease motor symptoms and pathology. However, the optogenetic application using animal models of Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was limited. Optogenetics is a promising technique that enhanced our knowledge in the research of neurodegenerative diseases and addressed potential therapeutic solutions for managing these diseases' symptoms and delaying their progression. Nevertheless, advanced investigations should be considered to improve optogenetic tools' efficacy and safety to pave the way for their translatability to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojine El Hajj
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tareq Al Sagheer
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nissrine Ballout
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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2
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Qi ZX, Yan Q, Fan XJ, Peng JY, Zhu HX, Jiang YM, Chen L, Zhuang QX. Role of HCN channels in the functions of basal ganglia and Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:135. [PMID: 38478096 PMCID: PMC10937777 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disorder resulting from dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra caused by age, genetics, and environment. The disease severely impacts a patient's quality of life and can even be life-threatening. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel is a member of the HCN1-4 gene family and is widely expressed in basal ganglia nuclei. The hyperpolarization-activated current mediated by the HCN channel has a distinct impact on neuronal excitability and rhythmic activity associated with PD pathogenesis, as it affects the firing activity, including both firing rate and firing pattern, of neurons in the basal ganglia nuclei. This review aims to comprehensively understand the characteristics of HCN channels by summarizing their regulatory role in neuronal firing activity of the basal ganglia nuclei. Furthermore, the distribution and characteristics of HCN channels in each nucleus of the basal ganglia group and their effect on PD symptoms through modulating neuronal electrical activity are discussed. Since the roles of the substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata, as well as globus pallidus externus and internus, are distinct in the basal ganglia circuit, they are individually described. Lastly, this investigation briefly highlights that the HCN channel expressed on microglia plays a role in the pathological process of PD by affecting the neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Xin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Ya Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Xian Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Miao Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Qian-Xing Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Rademacher K, Nakamura K. Role of dopamine neuron activity in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114645. [PMID: 38092187 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Neural activity is finely tuned to produce normal behaviors, and disruptions in activity likely occur early in the course of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, how neural activity is altered, and how these changes influence neurodegeneration is poorly understood. Here, we focus on evidence that the activity of dopamine neurons is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), either as a compensatory response to degeneration or as a result of circuit dynamics or pathologic proteins, based on available human data and studies in animal models of PD. We then discuss how this abnormal activity may augment other neurotoxic phenomena in PD, including mitochondrial deficits, protein aggregation and spread, dopamine toxicity, and excitotoxicity. A more complete picture of how activity is altered and the resulting effects on dopaminergic neuron health and function may inform future therapeutic interventions to target and protect dopamine neurons from degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rademacher
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA.
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4
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Cui J, Zhao D, Xu M, Li Z, Qian J, Song N, Wang J, Xie J. Characterization of graded 6-Hydroxydopamine unilateral lesion in medial forebrain bundle of mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3721. [PMID: 38355892 PMCID: PMC10866897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, with a progressive loss of dopaminergic cells and fibers. The purpose of this study was to use different doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of mice to mimic the different stages of the disease and to characterize in detail their motor and non-motor behavior, as well as neuropathological features in the nigrostriatal pathway. MFB were injected with 0.5 μg, 1 μg, 2 μg of 6-OHDA using a brain stereotaxic technique. 6-OHDA induced mitochondrial damage dose-dependently, as well as substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) cell loss and striatal TH fiber loss. Activation of astrocytes and microglia in the SNpc and striatum were consistently observed at 7 weeks, suggesting a long-term glial response in the nigrostriatal system. Even with a partial or complete denervation of the nigrostriatal pathway, 6-OHDA did not cause anxiety, although depression-like behavior appeared. Certain gait disturbances were observed in 0.5 μg 6-OHDA lesioned mice, and more extensive in 1 μg group. Despite the loss of more neurons from 2 μg 6-OHDA, there was no further impairment in behaviors compared to 1 μg 6-OHDA. Our data have implications that 1 μg 6-OHDA was necessary and sufficient to induce motor and non-motor symptoms in mice, thus a valuable mouse tool to explore disease progression and new treatment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Cui
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Manman Xu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zheheng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junliang Qian
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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5
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Evangelisti S, Boessenkool S, Pflanz CP, Basting R, Betts JF, Jenkinson M, Clare S, Muhammed K, LeHeron C, Armstrong R, Klein JC, Husain M, Nemeth AH, Hu MT, Douaud G. Subthalamic nucleus shows opposite functional connectivity pattern in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad282. [PMID: 38075949 PMCID: PMC10699743 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's and Parkinson's disease are two movement disorders representing mainly opposite states of the basal ganglia inhibitory function. Despite being an integral part of the cortico-subcortico-cortical circuitry, the subthalamic nucleus function has been studied at the level of detail required to isolate its signal only through invasive studies in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. Here, we tested whether the subthalamic nucleus exhibited opposite functional signatures in early Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. We included both movement disorders in the same whole-brain imaging study, and leveraged ultra-high-field 7T MRI to achieve the very fine resolution needed to investigate the smallest of the basal ganglia nuclei. Eleven of the 12 Huntington's disease carriers were recruited at a premanifest stage, while 16 of the 18 Parkinson's disease patients only exhibited unilateral motor symptoms (15 were at Stage I of Hoehn and Yahr off medication). Our group comparison interaction analyses, including 24 healthy controls, revealed a differential effect of Huntington's and Parkinson's disease on the functional connectivity at rest of the subthalamic nucleus within the sensorimotor network, i.e. an opposite effect compared with their respective age-matched healthy control groups. This differential impact in the subthalamic nucleus included an area precisely corresponding to the deep brain stimulation 'sweet spot'-the area with maximum overall efficacy-in Parkinson's disease. Importantly, the severity of deviation away from controls' resting-state values in the subthalamic nucleus was associated with the severity of motor and cognitive symptoms in both diseases, despite functional connectivity going in opposite directions in each disorder. We also observed an altered, opposite impact of Huntington's and Parkinson's disease on functional connectivity within the sensorimotor cortex, once again with relevant associations with clinical symptoms. The high resolution offered by the 7T scanner has thus made it possible to explore the complex interplay between the disease effects and their contribution on the subthalamic nucleus, and sensorimotor cortex. Taken altogether, these findings reveal for the first time non-invasively in humans a differential, clinically meaningful impact of the pathophysiological process of these two movement disorders on the overall sensorimotor functional connection of the subthalamic nucleus and sensorimotor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Evangelisti
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sirius Boessenkool
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Patrick Pflanz
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Romina Basting
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG Oxford, UK
| | - Jill F Betts
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart Clare
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Kinan Muhammed
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Campbell LeHeron
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, 8011 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard Armstrong
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes C Klein
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea H Nemeth
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
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6
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Delgado-Zabalza L, Mallet NP, Glangetas C, Dabee G, Garret M, Miguelez C, Baufreton J. Targeting parvalbumin-expressing neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata restores motor function in parkinsonian mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113287. [PMID: 37843977 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) neurons, the main output structure of basal ganglia, is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, neither the underlying mechanisms nor the type of neurons responsible for PD-related motor dysfunctions have been elucidated yet. Here, we show that parvalbumin-expressing SNr neurons (SNr-PV+) occupy dorsolateral parts and possess specific electrophysiological properties compared with other SNr cells. We also report that only SNr-PV+ neurons' intrinsic excitability is reduced by downregulation of sodium leak channels in a PD mouse model. Interestingly, in anesthetized parkinsonian mice in vivo, SNr-PV+ neurons display a bursty pattern of activity dependent on glutamatergic tone. Finally, we demonstrate that chemogenetic inhibition of SNr-PV+ neurons is sufficient to alleviate motor impairments in parkinsonian mice. Overall, our findings establish cell-type-specific dysfunction in experimental parkinsonism in the SNr and provide a potential cellular therapeutic target to alleviate motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Delgado-Zabalza
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Pharmacology. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Nicolas P Mallet
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Guillaume Dabee
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maurice Garret
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Jérôme Baufreton
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Chen L, Daniels S, Dvorak R, Chu HY. Reduced thalamic excitation to motor cortical pyramidal tract neurons in parkinsonism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3038. [PMID: 37611096 PMCID: PMC10446482 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons alters the connectivity and functionality of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits in Parkinson's disease (PD). Particularly, the aberrant outputs of the primary motor cortex (M1) contribute to parkinsonian motor deficits. However, cortical adaptations at cellular and synaptic levels in parkinsonism remain poorly understood. Using multidisciplinary approaches, we found that DA degeneration induces cell subtype- and input-specific reduction of thalamic excitation to M1 pyramidal tract (PT) neurons. At molecular level, we identified that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a key role in mediating the reduced thalamocortical excitation to PT neurons. At circuit level, we showed that the reduced thalamocortical transmission in parkinsonian mice can be rescued by chemogenetically suppressing basal ganglia outputs. Together, our data suggest that cell subtype- and synapse-specific adaptations in M1 contribute to altered cortical outputs in parkinsonism and are important aspects of PD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Samuel Daniels
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Rachel Dvorak
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
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Peng JY, Qi ZX, Yan Q, Fan XJ, Shen KL, Huang HW, Lu JH, Wang XQ, Fang XX, Mao L, Ni J, Chen L, Zhuang QX. Ameliorating parkinsonian motor dysfunction by targeting histamine receptors in entopeduncular nucleus-thalamus circuitry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216247120. [PMID: 37068253 PMCID: PMC10151461 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216247120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), reduced dopamine levels in the basal ganglia have been associated with altered neuronal firing and motor dysfunction. It remains unclear whether the altered firing rate or pattern of basal ganglia neurons leads to parkinsonism-associated motor dysfunction. In the present study, we show that increased histaminergic innervation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) in the mouse model of PD leads to activation of EPN parvalbumin (PV) neurons projecting to the thalamic motor nucleus via hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels coupled to postsynaptic H2R. Simultaneously, this effect is negatively regulated by presynaptic H3R activation in subthalamic nucleus (STN) glutamatergic neurons projecting to the EPN. Notably, the activation of both types of receptors ameliorates parkinsonism-associated motor dysfunction. Pharmacological activation of H2R or genetic upregulation of HCN2 in EPNPV neurons, which reduce neuronal burst firing, ameliorates parkinsonism-associated motor dysfunction independent of changes in the neuronal firing rate. In addition, optogenetic inhibition of EPNPV neurons and pharmacological activation or genetic upregulation of H3R in EPN-projecting STNGlu neurons ameliorate parkinsonism-associated motor dysfunction by reducing the firing rate rather than altering the firing pattern of EPNPV neurons. Thus, although a reduced firing rate and more regular firing pattern of EPNPV neurons correlate with amelioration in parkinsonism-associated motor dysfunction, the firing pattern appears to be more critical in this context. These results also confirm that targeting H2R and its downstream HCN2 channel in EPNPV neurons and H3R in EPN-projecting STNGlu neurons may represent potential therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of parkinsonism-associated motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ya Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
| | - Zeng-Xin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai200030, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200030, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
| | - Kang-Li Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
| | - Hui-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
| | - Jian-Hua Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Fang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong226019, China
| | - Jianguang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200030, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai200030, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200030, China
| | - Qian-Xing Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu226001, China
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9
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Seo DC, Ju YH, Seo JJ, Oh SJ, Lee CJ, Lee SE, Nam MH. DDC-Promoter-Driven Chemogenetic Activation of SNpc Dopaminergic Neurons Alleviates Parkinsonian Motor Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032491. [PMID: 36768816 PMCID: PMC9916413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with typical motor symptoms. Recent studies have suggested that excessive GABA from reactive astrocytes tonically inhibits dopaminergic neurons and reduces the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the key dopamine-synthesizing enzyme, in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). However, the expression of DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), another dopamine-synthesizing enzyme, is relatively spared, raising a possibility that the live but non-functional TH-negative/DDC-positive neurons could be the therapeutic target for rescuing PD motor symptoms. However, due to the absence of a validated DDC-specific promoter, manipulating DDC-positive neuronal activity has not been tested as a therapeutic strategy for PD. Here, we developed an AAV vector expressing mCherry under rat DDC promoter (AAV-rDDC-mCherry) and validated the specificity in the rat SNpc. Modifying this vector, we expressed hM3Dq (Gq-DREADD) under DDC promoter in the SNpc and ex vivo electrophysiologically validated the functionality. In the A53T-mutated alpha-synuclein overexpression model of PD, the chemogenetic activation of DDC-positive neurons in the SNpc significantly alleviated the parkinsonian motor symptoms and rescued the nigrostriatal TH expression. Altogether, our DDC-promoter will allow dopaminergic neuron-specific gene delivery in rodents. Furthermore, we propose that the activation of dormant dopaminergic neurons could be a potential therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chan Seo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Seo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Technological Convergence Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.E.L.); (M.-H.N.)
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science & Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.E.L.); (M.-H.N.)
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10
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Xiao C, Ji YW, Luan YW, Jia T, Yin C, Zhou CY. Differential modulation of subthalamic projection neurons by short-term and long-term electrical stimulation in physiological and parkinsonian conditions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1928-1939. [PMID: 34880404 PMCID: PMC9343451 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is one of the best targets for therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS) to control motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. However, the precise circuitry underlying the effects of STN-DBS remains unclear. To understand how electrical stimulation affects STN projection neurons, we used a retrograde viral vector (AAV-retro-hSyn-eGFP) to label STN neurons projecting to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) (STN-SNr neurons) or the globus pallidus interna (GPi) (STN-GPi neurons) in mice, and performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from these projection neurons in ex vivo brain slices. We found that STN-SNr neurons exhibited stronger responses to depolarizing stimulation than STN-GPi neurons. In most STN-SNr and STN-GPi neurons, inhibitory synaptic inputs predominated over excitatory inputs and electrical stimulation at 20-130 Hz inhibited these neurons in the short term; its longer-term effects varied. 6-OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway significantly reduced inhibitory synaptic inputs in STN-GPi neurons, but did not change synaptic inputs in STN-SNr neurons; it enhanced short-term electrical-stimulation-induced inhibition in STN-SNr neurons but reversed the effect of short-term electrical stimulation on the firing rate in STN-GPi neurons from inhibitory to excitatory; in both STN-SNr and STN-GPi neurons, it increased the inhibition but attenuated the enhancement of firing rate induced by long-term electrical stimulation. Our results suggest that STN-SNr and STN-GPi neurons differ in their synaptic inputs, their responses to electrical stimulation, and their modification under parkinsonian conditions; STN-GPi neurons may play important roles in both the pathophysiology and therapeutic treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Ya-wei Ji
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China
| | - Yi-wen Luan
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.460176.20000 0004 1775 8598Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Tao Jia
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China
| | - Cui Yin
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China
| | - Chun-yi Zhou
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China
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11
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Chemogenetics as a neuromodulatory approach to treating neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. Mol Ther 2022; 30:990-1005. [PMID: 34861415 PMCID: PMC8899595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemogenetics enables precise, non-invasive, and reversible modulation of neural activity via the activation of engineered receptors that are pharmacologically selective to endogenous or exogenous ligands. With recent advances in therapeutic gene delivery, chemogenetics is poised to support novel interventions against neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. To evaluate its translational potential, we performed a scoping review of applications of chemogenetics that led to the reversal of molecular and behavioral deficits in studies relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. In this review, we present these findings and discuss the potential and challenges for using chemogenetics as a precision medicine-based neuromodulation strategy.
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12
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Abstract
In 1959, E. G. Gray described two different types of synapses in the brain for the first time: symmetric and asymmetric. Later on, symmetric synapses were associated with inhibitory terminals, and asymmetric synapses to excitatory signaling. The balance between these two systems is critical to maintain a correct brain function. Likewise, the modulation of both types of synapses is also important to maintain a healthy equilibrium. Cerebral circuitry responds differently depending on the type of damage and the timeline of the injury. For example, promoting symmetric signaling following ischemic damage is beneficial only during the acute phase; afterwards, it further increases the initial damage. Synapses can be also altered by players not directly related to them; the chronic and long-term neurodegeneration mediated by tau proteins primarily targets asymmetric synapses by decreasing neuronal plasticity and functionality. Dopamine represents the main modulating system within the central nervous system. Indeed, the death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons impairs locomotion, underlying the devastating Parkinson’s disease. Herein, we will review studies on symmetric and asymmetric synapses plasticity after three different stressors: symmetric signaling under acute damage—ischemic stroke; asymmetric signaling under chronic and long-term neurodegeneration—Alzheimer’s disease; symmetric and asymmetric synapses without modulation—Parkinson’s disease.
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13
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Chen L, Daniels S, Kim Y, Chu HY. Cell Type-Specific Decrease of the Intrinsic Excitability of Motor Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in Parkinsonism. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5553-5565. [PMID: 34006589 PMCID: PMC8221604 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2694-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypokinetic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are closely linked with a decreased motor cortical output as a consequence of elevated basal ganglia inhibition. However, whether and how the loss of dopamine (DA) alters the cellular properties of motor cortical neurons in PD remains undefined. We induced parkinsonism in adult C57BL/6 mice of both sexes by injecting neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), into the medial forebrain bundle. By using ex vivo patch-clamp recording and retrograde tracing approach, we found that the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) in the primary motor cortical (M1) layer (L)5b was greatly decreased in parkinsonism; but the intratelencephalic neurons (ITNs) were not affected. The cell type-specific intrinsic adaptations were associated with a depolarized threshold and broadened width of action potentials (APs) in PTNs. Moreover, the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons impaired the capability of M1 PTNs to sustain high-frequency firing, which could underlie their abnormal pattern of activity in the parkinsonian state. We also showed that the decreased excitability in parkinsonism was caused by an impaired function of both persistent sodium channels and the large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Acute activation of dopaminergic receptors failed to rescue the impaired intrinsic excitability of M1 PTNs in parkinsonian mice. Altogether, our data demonstrated a cell type-specific decrease of the excitability of M1 pyramidal neurons in parkinsonism. Thus, intrinsic adaptations in the motor cortex provide novel insight in our understanding of the pathophysiology of motor deficits in PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) remodels the connectivity and function of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical network. However, whether and how dopaminergic degeneration and the associated basal ganglia dysfunction alter motor cortical circuitry remain undefined. We found that pyramidal neurons in the layer (L)5b of the primary motor cortex (M1) exhibit distinct adaptations in response to the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, depending on their long-range projections. Besides the decreased thalamocortical synaptic excitation as proposed by the classical model of Parkinson's pathophysiology, these results, for the first time, show novel cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the abnormal motor cortical output in parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Samuel Daniels
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Yerim Kim
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
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14
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Cui Q, Du X, Chang IYM, Pamukcu A, Lilascharoen V, Berceau BL, García D, Hong D, Chon U, Narayanan A, Kim Y, Lim BK, Chan CS. Striatal Direct Pathway Targets Npas1 + Pallidal Neurons. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3966-3987. [PMID: 33731445 PMCID: PMC8176753 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2306-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic basal ganglia circuit model asserts a complete segregation of the two striatal output pathways. Empirical data argue that, in addition to indirect-pathway striatal projection neurons (iSPNs), direct-pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs) innervate the external globus pallidus (GPe). However, the functions of the latter were not known. In this study, we interrogated the organization principles of striatopallidal projections and their roles in full-body movement in mice (both males and females). In contrast to the canonical motor-promoting response of dSPNs in the dorsomedial striatum (DMSdSPNs), optogenetic stimulation of dSPNs in the dorsolateral striatum (DLSdSPNs) suppressed locomotion. Circuit analyses revealed that dSPNs selectively target Npas1+ neurons in the GPe. In a chronic 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model of Parkinson's disease, the dSPN-Npas1+ projection was dramatically strengthened. As DLSdSPN-Npas1+ projection suppresses movement, the enhancement of this projection represents a circuit mechanism for the hypokinetic symptoms of Parkinson's disease that has not been previously considered. In sum, our results suggest that dSPN input to the GPe is a critical circuit component that is involved in the regulation of movement in both healthy and parkinsonian states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the classic basal ganglia model, the striatum is described as a divergent structure: it controls motor and adaptive functions through two segregated, opposing output streams. However, the experimental results that show the projection from direct-pathway neurons to the external pallidum have been largely ignored. Here, we showed that this striatopallidal subpathway targets a select subset of neurons in the external pallidum and is motor-suppressing. We found that this subpathway undergoes changes in a Parkinson's disease model. In particular, our results suggest that the increase in strength of this subpathway contributes to the slowness or reduced movements observed in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Cui
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Isaac Y M Chang
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Arin Pamukcu
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Varoth Lilascharoen
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Brianna L Berceau
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Daniela García
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Darius Hong
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Uree Chon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Ahana Narayanan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
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15
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Dong J, Hawes S, Wu J, Le W, Cai H. Connectivity and Functionality of the Globus Pallidus Externa Under Normal Conditions and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:645287. [PMID: 33737869 PMCID: PMC7960779 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.645287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The globus pallidus externa (GPe) functions as a central hub in the basal ganglia for processing motor and non-motor information through the creation of complex connections with the other basal ganglia nuclei and brain regions. Recently, with the adoption of sophisticated genetic tools, substantial advances have been made in understanding the distinct molecular, anatomical, electrophysiological, and functional properties of GPe neurons and non-neuronal cells. Impairments in dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder that severely affects the patients' life quality. Altered GPe neuron activity and synaptic connections have also been found in both PD patients and pre-clinical models. In this review, we will summarize the main findings on the composition, connectivity and functionality of different GPe cell populations and the potential GPe-related mechanisms of PD symptoms to better understand the cell type and circuit-specific roles of GPe in both normal and PD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Transgenic Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Hawes
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Transgenic Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Junbing Wu
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases & Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Medical School of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Transgenic Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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16
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Changes in Excitability Properties of Ventromedial Motor Thalamic Neurons in 6-OHDA Lesioned Mice. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0436-20.2021. [PMID: 33509950 PMCID: PMC7920540 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0436-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of basal ganglia input receiving motor thalamus (BGMT) makes a critical impact on motor cortical processing, but modification in BGMT processing with Parkinsonian conditions has not be investigated at the cellular level. Such changes may well be expected because of homeostatic regulation of neural excitability in the presence of altered synaptic drive with dopamine depletion. We addressed this question by comparing BGMT properties in brain slice recordings between control and unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA)-treated adult mice. At a minimum of one month after 6-OHDA treatment, BGMT neurons showed a highly significant increase in intrinsic excitability, which was primarily because of a decrease in M-type potassium current. BGMT neurons after 6-OHDA treatment also showed an increase in T-type calcium rebound spikes following hyperpolarizing current steps. Biophysical computer modeling of a thalamic neuron demonstrated that an increase in rebound spiking can also be accounted for by a decrease in the M-type potassium current. Modeling also showed that an increase in sag with hyperpolarizing steps found after 6-OHDA treatment could in part but not fully be accounted for by the decrease in M-type current. These findings support the hypothesis that homeostatic changes in BGMT neural properties following 6-OHDA treatment likely influence the signal processing taking place in the BG thalamocortical network in Parkinson’s disease.
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17
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Pamukcu A, Cui Q, Xenias HS, Berceau BL, Augustine EC, Fan I, Chalasani S, Hantman AW, Lerner TN, Boca SM, Chan CS. Parvalbumin + and Npas1 + Pallidal Neurons Have Distinct Circuit Topology and Function. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7855-7876. [PMID: 32868462 PMCID: PMC7548687 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0361-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The external globus pallidus (GPe) is a critical node within the basal ganglia circuit. Phasic changes in the activity of GPe neurons during movement and their alterations in Parkinson's disease (PD) argue that the GPe is important in motor control. Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons and Npas1+ neurons are the two principal neuron classes in the GPe. The distinct electrophysiological properties and axonal projection patterns argue that these two neuron classes serve different roles in regulating motor output. However, the causal relationship between GPe neuron classes and movement remains to be established. Here, by using optogenetic approaches in mice (both males and females), we showed that PV+ neurons and Npas1+ neurons promoted and suppressed locomotion, respectively. Moreover, PV+ neurons and Npas1+ neurons are under different synaptic influences from the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Additionally, we found a selective weakening of STN inputs to PV+ neurons in the chronic 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model of PD. This finding reinforces the idea that the reciprocally connected GPe-STN network plays a key role in disease symptomatology and thus provides the basis for future circuit-based therapies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The external pallidum is a key, yet an understudied component of the basal ganglia. Neural activity in the pallidum goes awry in neurologic diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. While this strongly argues that the pallidum plays a critical role in motor control, it has been difficult to establish the causal relationship between pallidal activity and motor function/dysfunction. This was in part because of the cellular complexity of the pallidum. Here, we showed that the two principal neuron types in the pallidum have opposing roles in motor control. In addition, we described the differences in their synaptic influence. Importantly, our research provides new insights into the cellular and circuit mechanisms that explain the hypokinetic features of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin Pamukcu
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Qiaoling Cui
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Harry S Xenias
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Brianna L Berceau
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Elizabeth C Augustine
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Isabel Fan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Saivasudha Chalasani
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Adam W Hantman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147
| | - Talia N Lerner
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Simina M Boca
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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18
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Kovaleski RF, Callahan JW, Chazalon M, Wokosin DL, Baufreton J, Bevan MD. Dysregulation of external globus pallidus-subthalamic nucleus network dynamics in parkinsonian mice during cortical slow-wave activity and activation. J Physiol 2020; 598:1897-1927. [PMID: 32112413 DOI: 10.1113/jp279232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Reciprocally connected GABAergic external globus pallidus (GPe) and glutamatergic subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons form a key network within the basal ganglia. In Parkinson's disease and its models, abnormal rates and patterns of GPe-STN network activity are linked to motor dysfunction. Using cell class-specific optogenetic identification and inhibition during cortical slow-wave activity and activation, we report that, in dopamine-depleted mice, (1) D2 dopamine receptor expressing striatal projection neurons (D2-SPNs) discharge at higher rates, especially during cortical activation, (2) prototypic parvalbumin-expressing GPe neurons are excessively patterned by D2-SPNs even though their autonomous activity is upregulated, (3) despite being disinhibited, STN neurons are not hyperactive, and (4) STN activity opposes striatopallidal patterning. These data argue that in parkinsonian mice abnormal, temporally offset prototypic GPe and STN neuron firing results in part from increased striatopallidal transmission and that compensatory plasticity limits STN hyperactivity and cortical entrainment. ABSTRACT Reciprocally connected GABAergic external globus pallidus (GPe) and glutamatergic subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons form a key, centrally positioned network within the basal ganglia. In Parkinson's disease and its models, abnormal rates and patterns of GPe-STN network activity are linked to motor dysfunction. Following the loss of dopamine, the activities of GPe and STN neurons become more temporally offset and strongly correlated with cortical oscillations below 40 Hz. Previous studies utilized cortical slow-wave activity and/or cortical activation (ACT) under anaesthesia to probe the mechanisms underlying the normal and pathological patterning of basal ganglia activity. Here, we combined this approach with in vivo optogenetic inhibition to identify and interrupt the activity of D2 dopamine receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons (D2-SPNs), parvalbumin-expressing prototypic GPe (PV GPe) neurons, and STN neurons. We found that, in dopamine-depleted mice, (1) the firing rate of D2-SPNs was elevated, especially during cortical ACT, (2) abnormal phasic suppression of PV GPe neuron activity was ameliorated by optogenetic inhibition of coincident D2-SPN activity, (3) autonomous PV GPe neuron firing ex vivo was upregulated, presumably through homeostatic mechanisms, (4) STN neurons were not hyperactive, despite being disinhibited, (5) optogenetic inhibition of the STN exacerbated abnormal GPe activity, and (6) exaggerated beta band activity was not present in the cortex or GPe-STN network. Together with recent studies, these data suggest that in dopamine-depleted mice abnormally correlated and temporally offset PV GPe and STN neuron activity is generated in part by elevated striatopallidal transmission, while compensatory plasticity prevents STN hyperactivity and limits cortical entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Kovaleski
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joshua W Callahan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marine Chazalon
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - David L Wokosin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jérôme Baufreton
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Mark D Bevan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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19
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Synaptic and cellular plasticity in Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:447-452. [PMID: 32112041 PMCID: PMC7470833 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which causes a tremendous socioeconomic burden. PD patients are suffering from debilitating motor and nonmotor symptoms. Cardinal motor symptoms of PD, including akinesia, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, are caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, decreased amounts of dopamine (DA) level in the basal ganglia induces numerous adaptive changes at the cellular and synaptic levels in the basal ganglia circuits. These cellular and synaptic adaptations are believed to underlie the emergence and propagation of correlated, rhythmic pattern of activity throughout the interconnected cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical network. The widespread pathological pattern of brain activity is closely linked to the devastating motor symptoms of PD. Accumulating evidence suggests that both dopaminergic degeneration and the associated abnormal cellular and circuit activity in the basal ganglia drive the motor symptoms of PD. In this short review I summarize the recent advances in our understanding of synaptic and cellular alterations in two basal ganglia nuclei (i.e. the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus) following a complete loss of DA, and in our conceptual understanding of the cellular and circuit bases for the pathological pattern of brain activity in parkinsonian state.
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20
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Yue D, Zhao J, Chen H, Guo M, Chen C, Zhou Y, Xu L. MicroRNA-7, synergizes with RORα, negatively controls the pathology of brain tissue inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:28. [PMID: 31959187 PMCID: PMC6970296 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has documented that microRNA-7 (miR-7) plays an important role in the pathology of various diseases. However, the potential role of miR-7 in brain tissue inflammation (BTI) remains unclear. METHODS We detected the expression of miR-7 in LPS-induced murine BTI model and observed the possible effects of miR-7 deficiency on the pathology of BTI. To elucidate the mechanism, the target gene of miR-7 was screened out by Gene chip assay and its potential roles in BTI were evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and RNAi assay, respectively. RESULTS MiR-7 was upregulated in brain tissue in BTI mice and its deficiency could significantly aggravate the pathology of brain tissue. Moreover, RORα, a new target molecule of miR-7, was upregulated in brain tissue from miR-7 deficiency BTI mice. Of note, downregulation of RORα could remarkably exacerbate the pathology of brain tissue and elevate the transduction of NF-κB and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in brain tissue from miR-7 deficiency BTI mice. Furthermore, RORα and miR-7 were dominantly co-expressed in neurons of BTI mice. Finally, RORα synergized with miR-7 to control the inflammatory reaction of neuronal cells in response to LPS stimulation. CONCLUSIONS MiR-7 expression is upregulated in BTI model. Moreover, miR-7 synergizes with its target gene RORα to control the inflammation reaction of neurons, thereby orchestrating the pathology of BTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Yue
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Huizi Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.,Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China. .,Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, Guizhou, China.
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Cellular and Synaptic Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: Stepping out of the Striatum. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091005. [PMID: 31470672 PMCID: PMC6769933 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) are a collection of interconnected subcortical nuclei that participate in a great variety of functions, ranging from motor programming and execution to procedural learning, cognition, and emotions. This network is also the region primarily affected by the degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons localized in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). This degeneration causes cellular and synaptic dysfunctions in the BG network, which are responsible for the appearance of the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine (DA) modulation and the consequences of its loss on the striatal microcircuit have been extensively studied, and because of the discrete nature of DA innervation of other BG nuclei, its action outside the striatum has been considered negligible. However, there is a growing body of evidence supporting functional extrastriatal DA modulation of both cellular excitability and synaptic transmission. In this review, the functional relevance of DA modulation outside the striatum in both normal and pathological conditions will be discussed.
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