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Amuso VM, Haas MR, Cooper PO, Chatterjee R, Hafiz S, Salameh S, Gohel C, Mazumder MF, Josephson V, Khorsandi K, Horvath A, Rahnavard A, Shook BA. Deep skin fibroblast-mediated macrophage recruitment supports acute wound healing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.09.607357. [PMID: 39149286 PMCID: PMC11326280 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.607357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial and immune cells have long been appreciated for their contribution to the early immune response after injury; however, much less is known about the role of mesenchymal cells. Using single nuclei RNA-sequencing, we defined changes in gene expression associated with inflammation at 1-day post-wounding (dpw) in mouse skin. Compared to keratinocytes and myeloid cells, we detected enriched expression of pro-inflammatory genes in fibroblasts associated with deeper layers of the skin. In particular, SCA1+ fibroblasts were enriched for numerous chemokines, including CCL2, CCL7, and IL33 compared to SCA1-fibroblasts. Genetic deletion of Ccl2 in fibroblasts resulted in fewer wound bed macrophages and monocytes during injury-induced inflammation with reduced revascularization and re-epithelialization during the proliferation phase of healing. These findings highlight the important contribution of deep skin fibroblast-derived factors to injury-induced inflammation and the impact of immune cell dysregulation on subsequent tissue repair.
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Govindappa PK, V G R, Ellur G, Gaber AA, Elfar J. 4-aminopyridine attenuates inflammation and apoptosis and increases angiogenesis to promote skin regeneration following a burn injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4669610. [PMID: 39149501 PMCID: PMC11326401 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4669610/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Severe thermal skin burns are complicated by inflammation and apoptosis, which delays wound healing and contributes to significant morbidity. Diverse treatments demonstrate limited success with mitigating these processes to accelerate healing. Agents that alter cell behavior to improve healing would alter treatment paradigms. We repurposed 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a drug approved by the US FDA for multiple sclerosis, to treat severe burns. We found that 4-AP, in the early stages of burn healing, significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1β and TNFα while increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory markers CD206, ARG-1, and IL10. 4-AP attenuated apoptosis, with decreases in apoptotic markers BAX, caspase-9, and caspase-3 and increases in anti-apoptotic markers BCL2 and BCL-XL. Furthermore, 4-AP promoted angiogenesis through increases in the expression of CD31, VEGF, and eNOS. Together, these likely contributed to accelerated burn wound closure, as demonstrated in increased keratinocyte proliferation (K14) and differentiation (K10) markers. In the later stages of burn healing, 4-AP increased TGFβ and FGF levels, which are known to mark the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This was further demonstrated by an increased expression of α-SMA and vimentin, as well as higher levels of collagen I and III, MMP 3, and 9 in animals treated with 4-AP. Our findings support the idea that 4-AP may have a novel, clinically relevant therapeutic use in promoting burn wound healing.
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Yan L, Wang J, Cai X, Liou Y, Shen H, Hao J, Huang C, Luo G, He W. Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e658. [PMID: 39092292 PMCID: PMC11292402 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt to diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic modifications orchestrates macrophage polarization, allowing them to respond to various stimuli dynamically. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the signaling cascades governing macrophage plasticity, focusing on the roles of Toll-like receptors, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, nuclear receptors, and microRNAs. We also discuss the emerging concepts of macrophage metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity, contributing to their functional adaptability. Macrophage plasticity plays a pivotal role in tissue repair and regeneration, with macrophages coordinating inflammation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling to restore tissue homeostasis. By harnessing the potential of macrophage plasticity, novel therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization could be developed for various diseases, including chronic wounds, fibrotic disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning macrophage plasticity will pave the way for innovative regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Yan
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Xin Cai
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Yih‐Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Han‐Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacauChina
| | - Jianlei Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and TreatmentZhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University)Jinan UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina
- The Biomedical Translational Research InstituteFaculty of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospitaland West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
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Las Heras K, Garcia-Orue I, Rancan F, Igartua M, Santos-Vizcaino E, Hernandez RM. Modulating the immune system towards a functional chronic wound healing: A biomaterials and Nanomedicine perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115342. [PMID: 38797316 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds persist as a substantial burden for healthcare systems, influenced by factors such as aging, diabetes, and obesity. In contrast to the traditionally pro-regenerative emphasis of therapies, the recognition of the immune system integral role in wound healing has significantly grown, instigating an approach shift towards immunological processes. Thus, this review explores the wound healing process, highlighting the engagement of the immune system, and delving into the behaviors of innate and adaptive immune cells in chronic wound scenarios. Moreover, the article investigates biomaterial-based strategies for the modulation of the immune system, elucidating how the adjustment of their physicochemical properties or their synergistic combination with other agents such as drugs, proteins or mesenchymal stromal cells can effectively modulate the behaviors of different immune cells. Finally this review explores various strategies based on synthetic and biological nanostructures, including extracellular vesicles, to finely tune the immune system as natural immunomodulators or therapeutic nanocarriers with promising biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Las Heras
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Itxaso Garcia-Orue
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiorenza Rancan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology und Allergology,Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Frusciante L, Geminiani M, Trezza A, Olmastroni T, Mastroeni P, Salvini L, Lamponi S, Bernini A, Grasso D, Dreassi E, Spiga O, Santucci A. Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory Property, and Anti-Atopic Effect of Chaetomorpha linum Extract. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:226. [PMID: 38786617 PMCID: PMC11123029 DOI: 10.3390/md22050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing plant-based resources, particularly their by-products, aligns with sustainability principles and circular bioeconomy, contributing to environmental preservation. The therapeutic potential of plant extracts is garnering increasing interest, and this study aimed to demonstrate promising outcomes from an extract obtained from an underutilized plant waste. Chaetomorpha linum, an invasive macroalga found in the Orbetello Lagoon, thrives in eutrophic conditions, forming persistent mats covering approximately 400 hectares since 2005. The biomass of C. linum undergoes mechanical harvesting and is treated as waste, requiring significant human efforts and economic resources-A critical concern for municipalities. Despite posing challenges to local ecosystems, the study identified C. linum as a natural source of bioactive metabolites. Phytochemical characterization revealed lipids, amino acids, and other compounds with potential anti-inflammatory activity in C. linum extract. In vitro assays with LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells showed the extract inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) productions, and reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions via NF-κB nuclear translocation, in RAW 264.7 cells. It also reduced chemokines (TARC/CCL17, RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1/CCL2, and IL-8) and the cytokine IL-1β production in HaCaT cells, suggesting potential as a therapeutic candidate for chronic diseases like atopic dermatitis. Finally, in silico studies indicated palmitic acid as a significant contributor to the observed effect. This research not only uncovered the untapped potential of C. linum but also laid the foundation for its integration into the circular bioeconomy, promoting sustainable practices, and innovative applications across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Frusciante
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Michela Geminiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Trezza
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Tommaso Olmastroni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Mastroeni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Laura Salvini
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Grasso
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Advanced Robotics and Enabling Digital TEchnologies & Systems 4.0 (ARTES 4.0), Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Advanced Robotics and Enabling Digital TEchnologies & Systems 4.0 (ARTES 4.0), Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
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Safoine M, Paquette C, Gingras GM, Fradette J. Improving Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice Using Naturally Derived Tissue-Engineered Biological Dressings Produced under Serum-Free Conditions. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:3601101. [PMID: 38737365 PMCID: PMC11087150 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3601101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term diabetes often leads to chronic wounds refractory to treatment. Cell-based therapies are actively investigated to enhance cutaneous healing. Various cell types are available to produce biological dressings, such as adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), an attractive cell source considering their abundancy, accessibility, and therapeutic secretome. In this study, we produced human ASC-based dressings under a serum-free culture system using the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering. The dressings were applied every 4 days to full-thickness 8-mm splinted skin wounds created on the back of polygenic diabetic NONcNZO10/LtJ mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic K14-H2B-GFP mice. Global wound closure kinetics evaluated macroscopically showed accelerated wound closure in both murine models, especially for NONcNZO10/LtJ; the treated group reaching 98.7% ± 2.3% global closure compared to 76.4% ± 11.8% for the untreated group on day 20 (p=0.0002). Histological analyses revealed that treated wounds exhibited healed skin of better quality with a well-differentiated epidermis and a more organized, homogeneous, and 1.6-fold thicker granulation tissue. Neovascularization, assessed by CD31 labeling, was 2.5-fold higher for the NONcNZO10/LtJ treated wounds. We thus describe the beneficial impact on wound healing of biologically active ASC-based dressings produced under an entirely serum-free production system facilitating clinical translation.
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Yang J, Xie Y, Xia Z, Ji S, Yang X, Yue D, Liu Y, Yang R, Fan Y. HucMSC-Exo Induced N2 Polarization of Neutrophils: Implications for Angiogenesis and Tissue Restoration in Wound Healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3555-3575. [PMID: 38638364 PMCID: PMC11024985 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils rapidly accumulate in large numbers at sites of tissue damage, exhibiting not only their well-known bactericidal capabilities but also playing crucial roles in angiogenesis and tissue repair. While exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSC-Exo) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool, their exact mechanisms of action remain partly elusive. We hypothesize that HucMSC-Exo treatment may modulate neutrophil phenotypes, thereby significantly influencing wound healing outcomes. Methods HucMSC-Exo were isolated via ultracentrifugation and subsequently administered through subcutaneous injection into full-thickness cutaneous wounds in mice. To determine the impact of host neutrophils on the healing effects of HucMSC-Exo in skin injuries, strategies including neutrophil depletion and adoptive transfer were employed. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of N2 subtype neutrophils in both normal and diabetic wounds, and the effect of HucMSC-Exo on this proportion was assessed. Furthermore, the mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming driven by HucMSC-Exo during N2 polarization was investigated through JC1 staining, ATP quantification, fatty acid uptake assays, and assessment of FAO-related genes (Cpt1b, Acadm, and Acadl). Results Depleting host neutrophils strikingly dampened prohealing effect of HucMSC-Exo on skin injury, while adoptive transfer of bone marrow neutrophils rescued this process. During normal healing process, some neutrophils expressed N2 markers, in contrast, diabetic wounds exhibited a reduced expression of N2 markers. After treatment with HucMSC-Exo, most neutrophils increased the phosphorylation of STAT6, leading to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and thus acquired an N2 phenotype. These N2 neutrophils, polarized by HucMSC-Exo, boosted the release of proangiogenic factors, particularly BV8, a myeloid cell-derived proangiogenic factor, and induced angiogenesis thereby favoring tissue restoration. Conclusion This research uniquely demonstrates the identification of N2 neutrophils in skin injury and shows that HucMSC-Exo could skew neutrophils toward N2 phenotype, enhancing our insight into how cells react to HucMSC-Exo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaman Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, SouThern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510599, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xie
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, SouThern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510599, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhikuan Xia
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuaifei Ji
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danxia Yue
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, SouThern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510599, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Fan
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Tan VWT, Salmi TM, Karamalakis AP, Gillespie A, Ong AJS, Balic JJ, Chan YC, Bladen CE, Brown KK, Dawson MA, Cox AG. SLAM-ITseq identifies that Nrf2 induces liver regeneration through the pentose phosphate pathway. Dev Cell 2024; 59:898-910.e6. [PMID: 38366599 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The liver exhibits a remarkable capacity to regenerate following injury. Despite this unique attribute, toxic injury is a leading cause of liver failure. The temporal processes by which the liver senses injury and initiates regeneration remain unclear. Here, we developed a transgenic zebrafish model wherein hepatocyte-specific expression of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) enabled the implementation of SLAM-ITseq to investigate the nascent transcriptome during initiation of liver injury and regeneration. Using this approach, we identified a rapid metabolic transition from the fed to the fasted state that was followed by induction of the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) antioxidant program. We find that activation of Nrf2 in hepatocytes is required to induce the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and improve survival following liver injury. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that inhibition of the PPP disrupts nucleotide biosynthesis to prevent liver regeneration. Together, these studies provide fundamental insights into the mechanism by which early metabolic adaptation to injury facilitates tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky W T Tan
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Talhah M Salmi
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony P Karamalakis
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrea Gillespie
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Athena Jessica S Ong
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jesse J Balic
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yih-Chih Chan
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cerys E Bladen
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre & Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Andrew G Cox
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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9
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Benchaprathanphorn K, Muangman P, Chinaroonchai K, Namviriyachote N, Ampawong S, Angkhasirisap W, Kengkoom K, Viravaidya-Pasuwat K. Translational application of human keratinocyte-fibroblast cell sheets for accelerated wound healing in a clinically relevant type 2 diabetic rat model. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:360-371. [PMID: 38363247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Despite advancements in wound care, wound healing remains a challenge, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Cell sheet technology has emerged as an efficient and promising therapy for tissue regeneration and wound repair. Among these, bilayered human keratinocyte-fibroblast cell sheets constructed using temperature-responsive culture surfaces have been shown to mimic a normal tissue-like structure and secrete essential cytokines and growth factors that regulate the wound healing process. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the safety and therapeutic potential of human skin cell sheets to treat full-thickness skin defects in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that diabetic wounds transplanted with bilayered cell sheets resulted in accelerated re-epithelialization, increased angiogenesis, enhanced macrophage polarization and regeneration of tissue that closely resembled healthy skin. In contrast, the control group that did not receive cell sheet transplantation presented characteristic symptoms of impaired and delayed wound healing associated with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The secretory cytokines and the upregulation of Nrf2 expression in response to cell sheet transplantation are believed to have played a key role in the improved wound healing observed in diabetic rats. Our study suggests that human keratinocyte-fibroblast cell sheets hold great potential as a therapeutic alternative for diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokaon Benchaprathanphorn
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornprom Muangman
- Trauma Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kusuma Chinaroonchai
- Trauma Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Namviriyachote
- Trauma Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannee Angkhasirisap
- Research and Academic Support Office, National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Kengkoom
- Research and Academic Support Office, National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Viravaidya-Pasuwat
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand; Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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10
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Ergun P, Kipcak S, Selvi Gunel N, Yildirim Sozmen E, Bor S. Inflammatory responses in esophageal mucosa before and after laparoscopic antireflux surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:871-881. [PMID: 38577078 PMCID: PMC10989346 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the primary treatment for gastroesophageal reflux is acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors, but they are not a cure, and some patients don't respond well or refuse long-term use. Therefore, alternative therapies are needed to understand the disease and develop better treatments. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS) can resolve symptoms of these patients and plays a significant role in evaluating esophageal healing after preventing harmful effects. Successful LARS improves typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in most patients, mainly by reducing the exposure time to gastric contents in the esophagus. Amelioration of the inflammatory response and a recovery response in the esophageal epithelium is expected following the cessation of the noxious attack. AIM To explore the role of inflammatory biomolecules in LARS and assess the time required for esophageal epithelial recovery. METHODS Of 22 patients with LARS (pre- and post/5.8 ± 3.8 months after LARS) and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were included. All subjects underwent 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, during which esophageal biopsy samples were collected using endoscopic techniques. Inflammatory molecules in esophageal biopsies were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and multiplex-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Post-LARS samples showed significant increases in proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-γ, C-X-C chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2)], anti-inflammatory cytokines [CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL26, CCL1, CCL7, CCL8, CCL24, IL-4, IL-10], and homeostatic cytokines (CCL27, CCL20, CCL19, CCL23, CCL25, CXCL12, migration inhibitory factor) compared to both HCs and pre-LARS samples. CCL17 and CCL21 levels were higher in pre-LARS than in HCs (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of AKT1, fibroblast growth factor 2, HRAS, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 were significantly decreased post-LARS vs pre-LARS. CCL2 and epidermal growth factor gene levels were significantly increased in the pre-LARS compared to the HCs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of proinflammatory proteins post-LARS suggests ongoing inflammation in the epithelium. Elevated homeostatic cytokine levels indicate cell balance is maintained for about 6 months after LARS. The anti-inflammatory response post-LARS shows suppression of inflammatory damage and ongoing postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Ergun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Ege Reflux Group, Izmir 35100, Turkiye
| | - Sezgi Kipcak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Ege Reflux Group, Izmir 35100, Turkiye
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir 35100, Turkiye
| | - Nur Selvi Gunel
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir 35100, Turkiye
| | - Eser Yildirim Sozmen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir 35100, Turkiye
| | - Serhat Bor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Ege Reflux Group, Izmir 35100, Turkiye
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11
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Patel J, Deng J, Kambala A, Lee KK, Cornman HL, Parthasarathy V, Pritchard T, Chen S, Hernandez AG, Shin S, Oladipo OO, Kwatra MM, Ho WJ, Kwatra SG. Spatial Mass Cytometry-Based Single-Cell Imaging Reveals a Disrupted Epithelial-Immune Axis in Prurigo Nodularis. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00202-1. [PMID: 38522569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that disproportionately affects African Americans and features intensely pruritic, hyperkeratotic nodules on the extremities and trunk. PN is understudied compared with other inflammatory skin diseases, with the spatial organization of the cutaneous infiltrate in PN yet to be characterized. In this work, we employ spatial imaging mass cytometry to visualize PN lesional skin inflammation and architecture with single-cell resolution through an unbiased machine learning approach. PN lesional skin has increased expression of caspase 3, NF-kB, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 compared with healthy skin. Keratinocytes in lesional skin are subdivided into CD14+CD33+, CD11c+, CD63+, and caspase 3-positive innate subpopulations. CD14+ macrophage populations expressing phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 correlate positively with patient-reported itch (P = .006). Hierarchical clustering reveals a cluster of patients with PN with greater atopy, increased NF-kB+ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-positive phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-positive monocyte-derived myeloid dendritic cells, and increased vimentin expression (P < .05). Neighborhood analysis finds interactions between CD14+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells, monocyte-derived myeloid dendritic cells, and keratinocytes expressing innate immune markers. These findings highlight phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-positive CD14+ macrophages as contributors to itch and suggest an epithelial-immune axis in PN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Patel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Maryland Itch Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Junwen Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anusha Kambala
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin K Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah L Cornman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Maryland Itch Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Varsha Parthasarathy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Pritchard
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Maryland Itch Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shihua Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexei G Hernandez
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah Shin
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olusola O Oladipo
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madan M Kwatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Won Jin Ho
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Mass Cytometry Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Maryland Itch Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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12
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Shahin H, Belcastro L, Das J, Perdiki Grigoriadi M, Saager RB, Steinvall I, Sjöberg F, Olofsson P, Elmasry M, El-Serafi AT. MicroRNA-155 mediates multiple gene regulations pertinent to the role of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in skin regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1328504. [PMID: 38562669 PMCID: PMC10982420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1328504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The role of Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in skin wound healing remains to be fully characterized. This study aims to evaluate the regenerative potential of autologous AD-MSCs in a non-healing porcine wound model, in addition to elucidate key miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulations that underlie the regenerative potential of AD-MSCs in wounds. Methods: The regenerative potential of autologous AD-MSCs was evaluated in porcine model using histopathology and spatial frequency domain imaging. Then, the correlations between miRNAs and proteins of AD-MSCs were evaluated using an integration analysis in primary human AD-MSCs in comparison to primary human keratinocytes. Transfection study of AD-MSCs was conducted to validate the bioinformatics data. Results: Autologous porcine AD-MSCs improved wound epithelialization and skin properties in comparison to control wounds. We identified 26 proteins upregulated in human AD-MSCs, including growth and angiogenic factors, chemokines and inflammatory cytokines. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted cell signalling-associated pathways and immunomodulatory pathways. miRNA-target modelling revealed regulations related to genes encoding for 16 upregulated proteins. miR-155-5p was predicted to regulate Fibroblast growth factor 2 and 7, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Transfecting human AD-MSCs cell line with anti-miR-155 showed transient gene silencing of the four proteins at 24 h post-transfection. Discussion: This study proposes a positive miR-155-mediated gene regulation of key factors involved in wound healing. The study represents a promising approach for miRNA-based and cell-free regenerative treatment for difficult-to-heal wounds. The therapeutic potential of miR-155 and its identified targets should be further explored in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hady Shahin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Burns, Linkoping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Modern Sciences and Arts University, October City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Luigi Belcastro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jyotirmoy Das
- Bioinformatics Unit, Core Facility (KEF), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Clinical Genomics Linköping, SciLife Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Rolf B. Saager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Steinvall
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Burns, Linkoping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Folke Sjöberg
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pia Olofsson
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Burns, Linkoping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Moustafa Elmasry
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Burns, Linkoping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ahmed T. El-Serafi
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Burns, Linkoping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
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13
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Geara P, Dilworth FJ. Epigenetic integration of signaling from the regenerative environment. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:341-374. [PMID: 38670712 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has an extraordinary capacity to regenerate itself after injury due to the presence of tissue-resident muscle stem cells. While these muscle stem cells are the primary contributor to the regenerated myofibers, the process occurs in a regenerative microenvironment where multiple different cell types act in a coordinated manner to clear the damaged myofibers and restore tissue homeostasis. In this regenerative environment, immune cells play a well-characterized role in initiating repair by establishing an inflammatory state that permits the removal of dead cells and necrotic muscle tissue at the injury site. More recently, it has come to be appreciated that the immune cells also play a crucial role in communicating with the stem cells within the regenerative environment to help coordinate the timing of repair events through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Evidence also suggests that stem cells can help modulate the extent of the inflammatory response by signaling to the immune cells, demonstrating a cross-talk between the different cells in the regenerative environment. Here, we review the current knowledge on the innate immune response to sterile muscle injury and provide insight into the epigenetic mechanisms used by the cells in the regenerative niche to integrate the cellular cross-talk required for efficient muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Geara
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.
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14
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To TT, Oparaugo NC, Kheshvadjian AR, Nelson AM, Agak GW. Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2021. [PMID: 38396697 PMCID: PMC10888374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse population of lymphocytes classified into natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and ILCregs, broadly following the cytokine secretion and transcription factor profiles of classical T cell subsets. Nonetheless, the ILC lineage does not have rearranged antigen-specific receptors and possesses distinct characteristics. ILCs are found in barrier tissues such as the skin, lungs, and intestines, where they play a role between acquired immune cells and myeloid cells. Within the skin, ILCs are activated by the microbiota and, in turn, may influence the microbiome composition and modulate immune function through cytokine secretion or direct cellular interactions. In particular, ILC3s provide epithelial protection against extracellular bacteria. However, the mechanism by which these cells modulate skin health and homeostasis in response to microbiome changes is unclear. To better understand how ILC3s function against microbiota perturbations in the skin, we propose a role for these cells in response to Cutibacterium acnes, a predominant commensal bacterium linked to the inflammatory skin condition, acne vulgaris. In this article, we review current evidence describing the role of ILC3s in the skin and suggest functional roles by drawing parallels with ILC3s from other organs. We emphasize the limited understanding and knowledge gaps of ILC3s in the skin and discuss the potential impact of ILC3-microbiota crosstalk in select skin diseases. Exploring the dialogue between the microbiota and ILC3s may lead to novel strategies to ameliorate skin immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Tam To
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicole Chizara Oparaugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander R. Kheshvadjian
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amanda M. Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George W. Agak
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Marques JC, Ladislau de Carvalho KI, Xavier R, Nosé W, Rizzo LV. Inflammatory profile of keratoconic corneal epithelium. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37460969 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have presented inflammatory features on keratoconus (KC) and many inflammatory markers are described in the tears of patients with this disease. The KC pathogenesis is still unknown just like the correlation with inflammatory patterns. However, environmental and genetic issues may be part of the progress of KC. In addition, some systemic features, such as allergy and obesity, seem to be related to the progression of KC. Our purpose was to evaluate the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), chemokines ligand 2 (CCL-2) and 5 (CCL-5), and interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8) on corneal epithelial cells and blood of patients with KC and in healthy controls. In addition, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was evaluated to predict inflammation. METHODS This including prospective observational study included 32 KC patients who underwent corneal crosslinking (CXL) and 32 control patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Patients' corneal epithelial cells were removed surgically, and blood (buffy coat) was analyzed. Samples in triplicate were evaluated on rt-PCR for neuropeptides (VIP e NPY), interleukins (IL-6 e IL-8), and chemokines (CCL-2 and CCL-5). RESULTS Our study showed statistically higher CCL-5 and IL-8 on corneal epithelial cells in patients with KC. Blood cells were statistically higher in VIP and NPY in the KC group. Interleukin-8 on blood cells was statistically significant in KC'S group; for CCL-2 and CCL-5 they were statistically lower in patients with KC compared with controls. NLR showed no difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the findings of other studies that suggested altering KC status, such as inflammatory corneal disease. The presence of IL-8 in the cornea and blood samples of KC's group suggested systemic disease with a possible local or repercussion action. Further studies are warranted to elucidate KC pathogenesis and its correlation to systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junia Cabral Marques
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafaela Xavier
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walton Nosé
- Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Vicente Rizzo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Cai H, Liu X, Liu D, Liu B. GEO data mining identifies potential immune-related genes in hypertrophic scar and verities in a rabbit model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17266. [PMID: 37455989 PMCID: PMC10338295 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypertrophic scar (HTS), the secondary major abnormal tissue after wound healing, is the most frequent and severe type of skin scar. Dysregulated immune response plays an important role in HTS formation. In this study, we identified the potential immune-related genes in HTS and explored their potential therapeutic significance. Methods We first screened out the potential immune-related genes in HTS microarrays via bioinformatics analysis using public datasets. We then constructed a rabbit model of ear scar to investigate the morphological features of HTS and verify the basic expression of potential immune-related genes in HTS tissue. Finally, we used AlphaFold to determine the protein homology between human and rabbit scar tissues. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and a single differential infiltration of immune cells (naïve B cells) in HTS and normal tissues. Six of the DEGs were correlated with naïve B cell numerically. CCL2, PLXDC2 and FOXF2 were expressed in rabbit ear scar model. PLXDC2 and FOXF2 showed relatively high homology between human and rabbit scar tissues. Conclusions PLXDC2 and FOXF2, both closely related to immune cell infiltration and specifically expressed in HTS, represent potential therapeutic targets in HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical University Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China
- Air Force Clinical College, Anhui Medical University Beijing, 100142, China
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Central Medical Branch of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100120, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin Liu
- .Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
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17
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Sung S, Steele LA, Risser GE, Spiller KL. Biomaterial-Assisted Macrophage Cell Therapy for Regenerative Medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023:114979. [PMID: 37394101 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Although most tissue types are capable of some form of self-repair and regeneration, injuries that are larger than a critical threshold or those occurring in the setting of certain diseases can lead to impaired healing and ultimately loss of structure and function. The immune system plays an important role in tissue repair and must be considered in the design of therapies in regenerative medicine. In particular, macrophage cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy that leverages the reparative roles of these cells. Macrophages are critical for successful tissue repair and accomplish diverse functions throughout all phases of the process by dramatically shifting in phenotypes in response to microenvironmental cues. Depending on their response to various stimuli, they may release growth factors, support angiogenesis, and facilitate extracellular matrix remodeling. However, this ability to rapidly shift phenotype is also problematic for macrophage cell therapy strategies, because adoptively transferred macrophages fail to maintain therapeutic phenotypes following their administration to sites of injury or inflammation. Biomaterials are a potential way to control macrophage phenotype in situ while also enhancing their retention at sites of injury. Cell delivery systems incorporated with appropriately designed immunomodulatory signals have potential to achieve tissue regeneration in intractable injuries where traditional therapies have failed. Here we explorecurrent challenges in macrophage cell therapy, especially retention and phenotype control, how biomaterials may overcome them, and opportunities for next generation strategies. Biomaterials will be an essential tool to advance macrophage cell therapy for widespread clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Steele
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory E Risser
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Yue Z, Yu Y, Gao B, Wang D, Sun H, Feng Y, Ma Z, Xie X. Advances in protein glycosylation and its role in tissue repair and regeneration. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:355-373. [PMID: 37097318 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
After tissue damage, a series of molecular and cellular events are initiated to promote tissue repair and regeneration to restore its original structure and function. These events include inter-cell communication, cell proliferation, cell migration, extracellular matrix differentiation, and other critical biological processes. Glycosylation is the crucial conservative and universal post-translational modification in all eukaryotic cells [1], with influential roles in intercellular recognition, regulation, signaling, immune response, cellular transformation, and disease development. Studies have shown that abnormally glycosylation of proteins is a well-recognized feature of cancer cells, and specific glycan structures are considered markers of tumor development. There are many studies on gene expression and regulation during tissue repair and regeneration. Still, there needs to be more knowledge of complex carbohydrates' effects on tissue repair and regeneration, such as glycosylation. Here, we present a review of studies investigating protein glycosylation in the tissue repair and regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Du Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- GeWu Medical Research Institute (GMRI), Xi'an, China.
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19
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Mo R, Zhang H, Xu Y, Wu X, Wang S, Dong Z, Xia Y, Zheng D, Tan Q. Transdermal drug delivery via microneedles to mediate wound microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114753. [PMID: 36828300 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process, while modulating the wound microenvironment has become an essential therapeutic goal. In clinics, advanced dressings or dermal templates can promote wound healing but their ability in mediating wound microenvironment is limited. In the last decade, microneedle (MN) array patches have emerged as a new class of wound dressings. These dressings enable non-invasive transdermal and precise medication delivery. Combined with smart materials, MN additionally allows real-time monitoring of wound site markers such as inflammatory factors, oxygen levels, vascularization, pH and temperature, etc., while releasing therapeutic molecules responsively to the wound site. In this review, the MN-based strategies were reviewed for modulating wound microenvironment via introducing the main characteristics of the wound microenvironment and various types of MN-based delivery systems. Additionally, the progress and future trends in the application of MNs in mediating wound microenvironments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xiangyi Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yangmin Xia
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Dongfeng Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Anqing Shihua Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Anqing 246002, China.
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20
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Wei X, Guo S, Liu Q, Liu L, Huo F, Wu Y, Tian W. Dental Follicle Stem Cells Promote Periodontal Regeneration through Periostin-Mediated Macrophage Infiltration and Reprogramming in an Inflammatory Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076353. [PMID: 37047322 PMCID: PMC10094259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) have been verified to promote periodontal regeneration in an inflammatory microenvironment. When coping with inflammatory stimulation, DFSCs highly express periostin, a bioactive molecule closely related to periodontal homeostasis. It is worth exploring whether and how periostin plays a role in the promotion of periodontal regeneration by DFSCs. By tracking the fate of DFSCs, it was found that DFSCs significantly contributed to periodontal regeneration in rat periodontal defects while they had a low survival rate. They highly expressed periostin and improved the immune microenvironment in the defect area, especially via the recruitment and reprogramming of macrophages. Silencing periostin attenuated the effects of DFSCs in promoting periodontal regeneration and regulating macrophages. Recombinant human periostin (rhPeriostin) could not only directly promote macrophage reprogramming through the integrin αM/phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-Erk)/Erk signaling pathway, but it also exhibited the potential to promote periodontal regeneration in rats when loaded in a collagen matrix. These results indicated that periostin is actively involved in the process by which DFSCs promote periodontal regeneration through the regulation of macrophages and is a promising molecular agent to promote periodontal regeneration. This study provides new insight into the mechanism by which DFSCs promote periodontal regeneration and suggests a new approach for periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (W.T.)
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (W.T.)
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21
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Targeting NRF2 to promote epithelial repair. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:101-111. [PMID: 36762597 PMCID: PMC9987932 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 is well known as a master regulator of the cellular stress response. As such, activation of NRF2 has gained widespread attention for its potential to prevent tissue injury, but also as a possible therapeutic approach to promote repair processes. While NRF2 activation affects most or even all cell types, its effect on epithelial cells during repair processes has been particularly well studied. In response to tissue injury, these cells proliferate, migrate and/or spread to effectively repair the damage. In this review, we discuss how NRF2 governs repair of epithelial tissues, and we highlight the increasing number of NRF2 targets with diverse roles in regulating epithelial repair.
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22
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Frantz MC, Rozot R, Marrot L. NRF2 in dermo-cosmetic: From scientific knowledge to skin care products. Biofactors 2023; 49:32-61. [PMID: 36258295 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the organ that is most susceptible to the impact of the exposome. Located at the interface with the external environment, it protects internal organs through the barrier function of the epidermis. It must adapt to the consequences of the harmful effects of solar radiation, the various chemical constituents of atmospheric pollution, and wounds associated with mechanical damage: oxidation, cytotoxicity, inflammation, and so forth. In this biological context, a capacity to adapt to the various stresses caused by the exposome is essential; otherwise, more or less serious conditions may develop accelerated aging, pigmentation disorders, atopy, psoriasis, and skin cancers. Nrf2-controlled pathways play a key role at this level. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that controls genes involved in oxidative stress protection and detoxification of chemicals. Its involvement in UV protection, reduction of inflammation in processes associated with healing, epidermal differentiation for barrier function, and hair regrowth, has been demonstrated. The modulation of Nrf2 in the skin may therefore constitute a skin protection or care strategy for certain dermatological stresses and disorders initiated or aggravated by the exposome. Nrf2 inducers can act through different modes of action. Keap1-dependent mechanisms include modification of the cysteine residues of Keap1 by (pro)electrophiles or prooxidants, and disruption of the Keap1-Nrf2 complex. Indirect mechanisms are suggested for numerous phytochemicals, acting on upstream pathways, or via hormesis. While developing novel and safe Nrf2 modulators for skin care may be challenging, new avenues can arise from natural compounds-based molecular modeling and emerging concepts such as epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Rozot
- Advanced Research, L'OREAL Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Laurent Marrot
- Advanced Research, L'OREAL Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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23
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Sim SL, Kumari S, Kaur S, Khosrotehrani K. Macrophages in Skin Wounds: Functions and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1659. [PMID: 36359009 PMCID: PMC9687369 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages regulate cutaneous wound healing by immune surveillance, tissue repair and remodelling. The depletion of dermal macrophages during the early and middle stages of wound healing has a detrimental impact on wound closure, characterised by reduced vessel density, fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation, delayed re-epithelization and abated post-healing fibrosis and scar formation. However, in some animal species, oral mucosa and foetal life, cutaneous wounds can heal normally and remain scarless without any involvement of macrophages. These paradoxical observations have created much controversy on macrophages' indispensable role in skin wound healing. Advanced knowledge gained by characterising macrophage subsets, their plasticity in switching phenotypes and molecular drivers provides new insights into their functional importance during cutaneous wound healing. In this review, we highlight the recent findings on skin macrophage subsets, their functional role in adult cutaneous wound healing and the potential benefits of targeting them for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seen Ling Sim
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Snehlata Kumari
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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24
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Breastfeeding increases the expression of TLR4, TNF-α, CCL2, and CCL3 in the prepuce tissue of neonates. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:688-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Effects of Exercise or Mechanical Stimulation on Bone Development and Bone Repair. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5372229. [PMID: 36213684 PMCID: PMC9534715 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5372229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and regeneration of the bone are tightly regulated by mechanical cues. Multiple cell types, including osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and recently found skeletal stem cells (SSCs), are responsible for efficient bone development and injury repair. The immune cells in the environment interact with bone cells to maintain homeostasis and facilitate bone regeneration. Investigation of the mechanism by which these cells sense and respond to mechanical signals in bone is fundamental for optimal clinical intervention in bone injury healing. We discuss the effects of exercise programs on fracture healing in animal models and human patients, which encouragingly suggest that carefully designed exercise prescriptions can improve the result of fracture healing during the remodeling phase. However, additional clinical tracing and date accumulation are still required for the pervasive application of exercise prescriptions to improve fracture healing.
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26
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Lin CW, Hung CM, Chen WJ, Chen JC, Huang WY, Lu CS, Kuo ML, Chen SG. New Horizons of Macrophage Immunomodulation in the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102065. [PMID: 36297499 PMCID: PMC9606988 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most costly and troublesome complications of diabetes mellitus. The wound chronicity of DFUs remains the main challenge in the current and future treatment of this condition. Persistent inflammation results in chronic wounds characterized by dysregulation of immune cells, such as M1 macrophages, and impairs the polarization of M2 macrophages and the subsequent healing process of DFUs. The interactive regulation of M1 and M2 macrophages during DFU healing is critical and seems manageable. This review details how cytokines and signalling pathways are co-ordinately regulated to control the functions of M1 and M2 macrophages in normal wound repair. DFUs are defective in the M1-to-M2 transition, which halts the whole wound-healing machinery. Many pre-clinical and clinical innovative approaches, including the application of topical insulin, CCL chemokines, micro RNAs, stem cells, stem-cell-derived exosomes, skin substitutes, antioxidants, and the most recent Phase III-approved ON101 topical cream, have been shown to modulate the activity of M1 and M2 macrophages in DFUs. ON101, the newest clinically approved product in this setting, is designed specifically to down-regulate M1 macrophages and further modulate the wound microenvironment to favour M2 emergence and expansion. Finally, the recent evolution of macrophage modulation therapies and techniques will improve the effectiveness of the treatment of diverse DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Liang Kuo
- Microbio Co., Ltd., Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-L.K.); or (S.-G.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27031298 (ext. 550) (M.-L.K.); +886-2-27031098 (ext. 551) (S.-G.C.)
| | - Shyi-Gen Chen
- Oneness Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-L.K.); or (S.-G.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27031298 (ext. 550) (M.-L.K.); +886-2-27031098 (ext. 551) (S.-G.C.)
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27
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Hassanshahi A, Moradzad M, Ghalamkari S, Fadaei M, Cowin AJ, Hassanshahi M. Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in Skin Wound Healing. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192953. [PMID: 36230913 PMCID: PMC9564023 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells that respond to infections, and modulate pathophysiological conditions such as wound healing. By possessing phagocytic activities and through the secretion of cytokines and growth factors, macrophages are pivotal orchestrators of inflammation, fibrosis, and wound repair. Macrophages orchestrate the process of wound healing through the transitioning from predominantly pro-inflammatory (M1-like phenotypes), which present early post-injury, to anti-inflammatory (M2-like phenotypes), which appear later to modulate skin repair and wound closure. In this review, different cellular and molecular aspects of macrophage-mediated skin wound healing are discussed, alongside important aspects such as macrophage subtypes, metabolism, plasticity, and epigenetics. We also highlight previous studies demonstrating interactions between macrophages and these factors for optimal wound healing. Understanding and harnessing the activity and capability of macrophages may help to advance new approaches for improving healing of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hassanshahi
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Mohammad Moradzad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66179-13446, Iran
| | - Saman Ghalamkari
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan 61349-37333, Iran
| | - Moosa Fadaei
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan 61349-37333, Iran
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.J.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi
- Vascular Research Centre, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.J.C.); (M.H.)
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28
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Chen L, Wang M, Zhong Z, Liu B, Zhang W, Zhu B, Jiao C, Yu C, Guan B. Role of Exosomes in Pharyngucutaneous Fistula After Total Laryngectomy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4119-4135. [PMID: 36118178 PMCID: PMC9480600 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s372042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharyngocutaneous fistula is the most common complication after total laryngectomy and is difficult to heal. Although conservative treatment and surgical repair are effective, they often take longer and additional trips to the operating room, which undoubtedly increases the financial burden on patients. Especially in combination with diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, which affect the efficacy of surgery. Adding growth factors into the repair material can promote fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and accelerate wound healing. A substantial number of studies have shown that a type of nanoscale extracellular vesicle, called exosomes, facilitates organization repair by promoting blood vessel production, protein polysaccharides, and collagen deposition, thereby representing a new type of cellular therapy. At present, there is little research on the application of exosomes in pharyngocutaneous fistula regeneration after total laryngectomy. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of exosomes and their application in biomedical science, and highlight their application prospects in pharyngocutaneous fistula regeneration after total laryngectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Maohua Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjie Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
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29
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A time to heal: microRNA and circadian dynamics in cutaneous wound repair. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:579-597. [PMID: 35445708 PMCID: PMC9069467 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many biological systems have evolved circadian rhythms based on the daily cycles of daylight and darkness on Earth. Such rhythms are synchronised or entrained to 24-h cycles, predominantly by light, and disruption of the normal circadian rhythms has been linked to elevation of multiple health risks. The skin serves as a protective barrier to prevent microbial infection and maintain homoeostasis of the underlying tissue and the whole organism. However, in chronic non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), pressure sores, venous and arterial ulcers, a variety of factors conspire to prevent wound repair. On the other hand, keloids and hypertrophic scars arise from overactive repair mechanisms that fail to cease in a timely fashion, leading to excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as such as collagen. Recent years have seen huge increases in our understanding of the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in wound repair. Concomitantly, there has been growing recognition of miRNA roles in circadian processes, either as regulators or targets of clock activity or direct responders to external circadian stimuli. In addition, miRNAs are now known to function as intercellular signalling mediators through extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we explore the intersection of mechanisms by which circadian and miRNA responses interact with each other in relation to wound repair in the skin, using keratinocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts as exemplars. We highlight areas for further investigation to support the development of translational insights to support circadian medicine in the context of these cells.
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30
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Rampin A, Carrabba M, Mutoli M, Eman CL, Testa G, Madeddu P, Spinetti G. Recent Advances in KEAP1/NRF2-Targeting Strategies by Phytochemical Antioxidants, Nanoparticles, and Biocompatible Scaffolds for the Treatment of Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:707-728. [PMID: 35044251 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Modulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response is a key aspect in the onset of diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. With this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances made in the development of Nrf2-targeting strategies for the treatment of diabetes, with particular attention toward the activation of Nrf2 by natural antioxidant compounds, nanoparticles, and oxidative stress-modulating biocompatible scaffolds. Recent Advances: In the past 30 years, studies addressing the use of antioxidant therapies to treat diabetes have grown exponentially, showing promising but yet inconclusive results. Animal studies and clinical trials on the Nrf2 pathway have shown promising results, suggesting that its activation can delay or reverse some of the cardiovascular impairments in diabetes. Critical Issues: Hyperglycemia- and oscillating glucose levels-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is progressively emerging as a central factor in the onset and progression of diabetes-related cardiovascular complications, including endothelial dysfunction, retinopathy, heart failure, stroke, critical limb ischemia, ulcers, and delayed wound healing. In this context, accumulating evidence suggests a central role for Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, one of the most studied cellular defensive mechanisms against ROS accumulation. Future Directions: Innovative approaches such as tissue engineering and nanotechnology are converging toward targeting oxidative stress in diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 707-728.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rampin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carrabba
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Mutoli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Charlotte L Eman
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Testa
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, "V. Tiberio" University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Nanotechnology Research-NanoBem, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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31
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Yu Q, Qiao GH, Wang M, Yu L, Sun Y, Shi H, Ma TL. Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812262. [PMID: 35178389 PMCID: PMC8844366 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer has become a worldwide clinical medical challenge as traditional treatments are not effective enough to reduce the amputation rate. Therefore, it is of great social significance to deeply study the pathogenesis and biological characteristics of the diabetic foot, explore new treatment strategies and promote their application. Stem cell-based therapy holds tremendous promise in the field of regenerative medicine, and its mechanisms include promoting angiogenesis, ameliorating neuroischemia and inflammation, and promoting collagen deposition. Studying the specific molecular mechanisms of stem cell therapy for diabetic foot has an important role and practical clinical significance in maximizing the repair properties of stem cells. In addition, effective application modalities are also crucial in order to improve the survival and viability of stem cells at the wound site. In this paper, we reviewed the specific molecular mechanisms of stem cell therapy for diabetic foot and the extended applications of stem cells in recent years, with the aim of contributing to the development of stem cell-based therapy in the repair of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Hepatology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hong Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yaoxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tie-Liang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
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32
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The Immune-Centric Revolution in the Diabetic Foot: Monocytes and Lymphocytes Role in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030889. [PMID: 35160339 PMCID: PMC8836882 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and lymphocytes play a key role in physiologic wound healing and might be involved in the impaired mechanisms observed in diabetes. Skin wound macrophages are represented by tissue resident macrophages and infiltrating peripheral blood recruited monocytes which play a leading role during the inflammatory phase of wound repair. The impaired transition of diabetic wound macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 phenotypes to anti-inflammatory pro-regenerative M2 phenotypes might represent a key issue for impaired diabetic wound healing. This review will focus on the role of immune system cells in normal skin and diabetic wound repair. Furthermore, it will give an insight into therapy able to immuno-modulate wound healing processes toward to a regenerative anti-inflammatory fashion. Different approaches, such as cell therapy, exosome, and dermal substitute able to promote the M1 to M2 switch and able to positively influence healing processes in chronic wounds will be discussed.
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33
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Cao X, Wang W, Cui X, Yang X, Wang Y, Shi J. Nrf2 Promotes Inflammation in Early Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion via Recruitment and Activation of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763760. [PMID: 34917083 PMCID: PMC8669137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis in response to inflammation is a primary cause of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) reportedly plays an important role in myocardial IRI, but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Expression data from the normal heart tissues of mice or heart tissues treated with reperfusion for 6 h after ischemia (IR6h) were acquired from the GEO database; changes in biological function and infiltrating immune cells were analyzed. The binding between the molecules was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Based on confirmation that early myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (myocardial ischemia/reperfusion for 6 hours, IR6h) promoted myocardial apoptosis and inflammatory response, we found that Nrf2, cooperating with Programmed Cell Death 4, promoted transcription initiation of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 (Ccl3) in myocardial tissues of mice treated with IR6h. Moreover, Ccl3 contributed to the high signature score of C-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (Ccr1)-positive macrophages. The high signature score of Ccr1-positive macrophages leads to the release of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 6. This study is the first to elucidate the damaging effect of Nrf2 via remodeling of the immune microenvironment in early myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, which provides us with new perspectives and treatment strategies for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haijian Zhang, ; Jiahai Shi,
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Wenmiao Wang
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Electric Power Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuechao Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haijian Zhang, ; Jiahai Shi,
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34
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Recovery of Altered Diabetic Myofibroblast Heterogeneity and Gene Expression Are Associated with CD301b+ Macrophages. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121752. [PMID: 34944568 PMCID: PMC8698992 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wound healing is associated with impaired function and reduced numbers of myofibroblasts, a heterogeneous cell population with varying capacities to promote repair. To determine how diabetes alters myofibroblast composition, we performed flow cytometry and spatial tissue analysis of myofibroblast subsets throughout the healing process in diabetic (db/db) and control (db/+) mouse skin. We observed reduced numbers of profibrotic SCA1+; CD34+; CD26+ myofibroblasts in diabetic wounds five days after injury, with decreased expression of fibrosis-associated genes compared to myofibroblasts from db/+ mouse wounds. While the abundance of myofibroblasts remained reduced in db/db mouse wounds compared to controls, the altered myofibroblast heterogeneity and gene expression in diabetic mice was improved seven days after injury. The natural correction of myofibroblast composition and gene expression in db/db wound beds temporally corresponds with a macrophage phenotypic switch. Correlation analysis from individual wound beds revealed that wound healing in control mice is associated with CD206+ macrophages, while the rescued myofibroblast phenotypes in diabetic wounds are correlated with increased CD301b+ macrophage numbers. These data demonstrate how diabetes impacts specific subsets of myofibroblasts and indicate that signaling capable of rescuing impaired diabetic wound healing could be different from signals that regulate wound healing under nonpathological conditions.
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35
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Bassat E, Tanaka EM. The cellular and signaling dynamics of salamander limb regeneration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 73:117-123. [PMID: 34521022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Limb amputation in salamanders yields a wound response that ultimately leads to replacement of the missing part. This unique-among-tetrapod trait involves the migration and recruitment of multiple cell types including epithelium, immune cells, axonal growth cones, and connective tissue cells to build the blastema which contains the proliferating stem and progenitor cells to rebuild the limb tissues. A number of the signaling and cell biological events have been defined. They point to the intimate coordination of physical events such as osmotic pressure, cell migration, and cell-cell communication with changes in cell identity such as dedifferentiation into embryonic-like epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Bassat
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus Vienna Biocenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus Vienna Biocenter, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Metabolic orchestration of the wound healing response. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1726-1743. [PMID: 34384520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing requires cooperation between different cell types, among which macrophages play a central role. In particular, inflammatory macrophages are engaged in the initial response to wounding, and alternatively activated macrophages are essential for wound closure and the resolution of tissue repair. The links between temporal activation-induced changes in the metabolism of such macrophages and the influence this has on their functional states, along with the realization that metabolites play both intrinsic and extrinsic roles in the cells that produce them, has focused attention on the metabolism of wound healing. Here, we discuss macrophage metabolism during distinct stages of normal healing and its related pathologic processes, such as during cancer and fibrosis. Further, we frame these insights in a broader context of the current understanding of macrophage metabolic reprogramming linked to cellular activation and function. Finally, we discuss parallels between the metabolism of macrophages and fibroblasts, the latter being a key stromal cell type in wound healing, and consider the importance of the metabolic interplay between different cell types in the wound microenvironment.
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37
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Flagler MJ, Tamura M, Laughlin T, Hartman S, Ashe J, Adams R, Kozak K, Cresswell K, Mullins L, Jarrold BB, Isfort RJ, Sherrill JD. Combinations of peptides synergistically activate the regenerative capacity of skin cells in vitro. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:518-529. [PMID: 34272744 PMCID: PMC9291327 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore synergistic effects related to skin regeneration, peptides with distinct biological mechanisms of action were evaluated in combination with different skin cell lines in the presence or absence of niacinamide (Nam). Furthermore, the synergistic responses of peptide combinations on global gene expression were compared with the changes that occur with fractional laser resurfacing treatment, a gold standard approach for skin rejuvenation, to further define optimal peptide combinations. Methods Microarray profiling was used to characterize the biological responses of peptide combinations (+/− Nam) relative to the individual components in epidermal keratinocyte and dermal fibroblast cell lines. Cellular functional assays were utilized to confirm the synergistic effects of peptide combinations. Bioinformatics approaches were used to link the synergistic effects of peptide combinations on gene expression to the transcriptomics of the skin rejuvenation response from fractional laser treatment. Results Microarray analysis of skin cells treated with peptide combinations revealed synergistic changes in gene expression compared with individual peptide controls. Bioinformatic analysis of synergy genes in keratinocytes revealed the activation of NRF2‐mediated oxidative stress responses by a combination of Ac‐PPYL, Pal‐KTTKS and Nam. Additional analysis revealed direct downstream transcriptional targets of NRF2/ARE exhibiting synergistic regulation by this combination of materials, which was corroborated by a cellular reporter assay. NRF2‐mediated oxidative stress response pathways were also found to be activated in the transcriptomics of the early skin rejuvenation response to fractional laser treatment, suggesting the importance of this biology in the early stages of tissue repair. Additionally, the second combination of peptides (pal‐KT and Ac‐PPYL) was found to synergistically restore cellular ATP levels that had been depleted due to the presence of ROS, indicating an additional mechanism, whereby peptide synergies may accelerate skin repair. Conclusion Through combinatorial synergy studies, we have identified additional in vitro skin repair mechanisms beyond the previously described functions of individual peptides and correlated these to the transcriptomics of the skin rejuvenation response of fractional laser treatment. These findings suggest that specific peptides can act together, via complementary and synergistic mechanisms, to holistically enhance the regenerative capacity of in vitro skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Makio Tamura
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tim Laughlin
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Julie Ashe
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel Adams
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kim Kozak
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Lisa Mullins
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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ICHIHARA YUMI, YOKOZAKI HIROSHI. Close Association of Intraepithelial Accumulation of M2-Skewed Macrophages with Neoplastic Epithelia of the Esophagus. THE KOBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 67:E18-E33. [PMID: 34344854 PMCID: PMC8622257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant cancer stromal cells and are directed by the tumor microenvironment to acquire trophic functions facilitating angiogenesis, matrix breakdown and cancer cell motility. TAMs have anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes expressing CD204 and/or CD163. We previously reported that infiltration of a large number of CD204-positive TAMs are associated with angiogenesis, progression and poor disease-free survival of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). In this study, we investigated the initraepithelial distribution of TAMs in the early human esophageal carcinogenesis. We found that the numbers of CD68-, CD163- or CD204-positive macrophages within the unit length of 38 lesions of carcinoma in situ (CIS) excised by endoscopic mucosal dissection were significantly higher than those in the corresponding non-neoplastic squamous epithelia. Mapping of the infiltrating number of CD204-positive macrophages per 5 mm unit length within the whole epithelial area of 5 resected cancer laden esophagi demonstrated that the areas with high CD204-positive macrophage infiltration were significantly associated with CIS or squamous intraepithelial neoplasia. These results may suggest that macrophages with the M2-skewed phenotype have some biological roles in the early squamous carcinogenesis of the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - HIROSHI YOKOZAKI
- Corresponding author: Phone: +81-78-382-5460, Fax: +81-78-382-5479, E-mail:
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Tartaglia G, Cao Q, Padron ZM, South AP. Impaired Wound Healing, Fibrosis, and Cancer: The Paradigm of Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5104. [PMID: 34065916 PMCID: PMC8151646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (RDEB) is a devastating skin blistering disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen (C7), leading to epidermal fragility, trauma-induced blistering, and long term, hard-to-heal wounds. Fibrosis develops rapidly in RDEB skin and contributes to both chronic wounds, which emerge after cycles of repetitive wound and scar formation, and squamous cell carcinoma-the single biggest cause of death in this patient group. The molecular pathways disrupted in a broad spectrum of fibrotic disease are also disrupted in RDEB, and squamous cell carcinomas arising in RDEB are thus far molecularly indistinct from other sub-types of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Collectively these data demonstrate RDEB is a model for understanding the molecular basis of both fibrosis and rapidly developing aggressive cancer. A number of studies have shown that RDEB pathogenesis is driven by a radical change in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling that is a direct result of C7 loss-of-function in dermal fibroblasts. However, the exact mechanism of how C7 loss results in extensive fibrosis is unclear, particularly how TGFβ signaling is activated and then sustained through complex networks of cell-cell interaction not limited to the traditional fibrotic protagonist, the dermal fibroblast. Continued study of this rare disease will likely yield paradigms relevant to more common pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Tartaglia
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB 406, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (G.T.); (Q.C.); (Z.M.P.)
| | - Qingqing Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB 406, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (G.T.); (Q.C.); (Z.M.P.)
| | - Zachary M. Padron
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB 406, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (G.T.); (Q.C.); (Z.M.P.)
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrew P. South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB 406, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (G.T.); (Q.C.); (Z.M.P.)
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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40
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Süntar I, Çetinkaya S, Panieri E, Saha S, Buttari B, Profumo E, Saso L. Regulatory Role of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Wound Healing Process. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092424. [PMID: 33919399 PMCID: PMC8122529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing involves a series of cellular events in damaged cells and tissues initiated with hemostasis and finally culminating with the formation of a fibrin clot. However, delay in the normal wound healing process during pathological conditions due to reactive oxygen species, inflammation and immune suppression at the wound site represents a medical challenge. So far, many therapeutic strategies have been developed to improve cellular homeostasis and chronic wounds in order to accelerate wound repair. In this context, the role of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) during the wound healing process has been a stimulating research topic for therapeutic perspectives. Nrf2 is the main regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis. It increases cytoprotective gene expression and the antioxidant capacity of mammalian cells. It has been reported that some bioactive compounds attenuate cellular stress and thus accelerate cell proliferation, neovascularization and repair of damaged tissues by promoting Nrf2 activation. This review highlights the importance of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in wound healing strategies and the role of bioactive compounds that support wound repair through the modulation of this crucial transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara 06330, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-31-2202-3176
| | - Sümeyra Çetinkaya
- Biotechnology Research Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06330, Turkey;
| | - Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (L.S.)
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Abstract
Macrophages are instrumental for the repair of organs that become injured due to ischemia, yet their potential for healing is sensitive to the availability of metabolites from the surrounding milieu. This sensitivity extends beyond anabolic and catabolic reactions, as metabolites are also leveraged to control production of secreted factors that direct intercellular crosstalk. In response to limiting extracellular oxygen, acute-phase macrophages activate hypoxia-inducible transcription factors that repurpose cellular metabolism. Subsequent repair-phase macrophages secrete cytokines to activate stromal cells, the latter which contribute to matrix deposition and scarring. As we now appreciate, these distinct functions are calibrated by directing flux of carbons and cofactors into specific metabolic shunts. This occurs through glycolysis, the pentose phosphate shunt, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, lipids, amino acids, and through lesser understood pathways. The integration of metabolism with macrophage function is particularly important during injury to the ischemic heart, as glucose and lipid imbalance lead to inefficient repair and permanent loss of non-regenerative muscle. Here we review macrophage metabolic signaling under ischemic stress with implications for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Thorp
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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