1
|
Chen L, Wu K, He J, Hou J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang J, Xia Z. Circadian Regulation of the Lactate Metabolic Kinetics in Mice Using the [ 1H- 13C]-NMR Technique. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5802-5813. [PMID: 38231323 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Lactate is not only the energy substrate of neural cells, but also an important signal molecule in brain. In modern societies, disturbed circadian rhythms pose a global challenge. Therefore, exploring the influence of circadian period on lactate and its metabolic kinetics is essential for the advancement of neuroscientific research. In the present study, the different groups of mice (L: 8:00 a.m.; D: 20:00 p.m.; SD: 20:00 p.m. with 12 h acute sleep deprivation) were infused with [3-13C] lactate through the lateral tail vein for a duration of 2 min. After 30-min lactate metabolism, the animals were euthanized and the tissues of brain and liver were obtained and extracted, and then, the [1H-13C] NMR technology was employed to investigate the kinetic information of lactate metabolism in different brain regions and liver to detect the enrichment of various metabolic kinetic information. Results revealed the fluctuating lactate concentrations in the brain throughout the day, with lower levels during light periods and higher levels during dark periods. Most metabolites displayed strong sensitivity to circadian rhythm, exhibiting significant day-night variations. Conversely, only a few metabolites showed changes after acute sleep deprivation, primarily in the temporal brain region. Interestingly, in contrast to brain lactate metabolism, liver lactate metabolism exhibited a significant increase following acute sleep deprivation. This study explored the kinetics of lactate metabolism, hinted at potential clinical implications for disorders involving circadian rhythm disturbances, and providing a new research basis for clinical exploration of brain and liver lactate metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingang He
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases; Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumrungsee T. Is hepatic GABA transaminase a promising target for obesity and epilepsy treatments? Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:839-849. [PMID: 38749549 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase (GABA-T) is a GABA-degrading enzyme that plays an essential role in regulating GABA levels and maintaining supplies of GABA. Although GABA in the mammalian brain was discovered 70 years ago, research on GABA and GABA-T has predominantly focused on the brain. Notwithstanding the high activity and expression of GABA-T in the liver, the exact functions of GABA-T in the liver remain unknown. This article reviews the up-to-date information on GABA-T in the liver. It presents recent findings on the role of liver GABA-T in food intake suppression and appetite regulation. Finally, the potential functions of liver GABA-T in other neurological diseases, natural GABA-T inhibitors, and future perspectives in this research area are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Smart Agriculture, Graduate School of Innovation and Practice for Smart Society, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Morrison CD, Neuhuber WL. Hepatic interoception in health and disease. Auton Neurosci 2024; 253:103174. [PMID: 38579493 PMCID: PMC11129274 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a large organ with crucial functions in metabolism and immune defense, as well as blood homeostasis and detoxification, and it is clearly in bidirectional communication with the brain and rest of the body via both neural and humoral pathways. A host of neural sensory mechanisms have been proposed, but in contrast to the gut-brain axis, details for both the exact site and molecular signaling steps of their peripheral transduction mechanisms are generally lacking. Similarly, knowledge about function-specific sensory and motor components of both vagal and spinal access pathways to the hepatic parenchyma is missing. Lack of progress largely owes to controversies regarding selectivity of vagal access pathways and extent of hepatocyte innervation. In contrast, there is considerable evidence for glucose sensors in the wall of the hepatic portal vein and their importance for glucose handling by the liver and the brain and the systemic response to hypoglycemia. As liver diseases are on the rise globally, and there are intriguing associations between liver diseases and mental illnesses, it will be important to further dissect and identify both neural and humoral pathways that mediate hepatocyte-specific signals to relevant brain areas. The question of whether and how sensations from the liver contribute to interoceptive self-awareness has not yet been explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Winfried L Neuhuber
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Woodie LN, Melink LC, Midha M, de Araújo AM, Geisler CE, Alberto AJ, Krusen BM, Zundell DM, de Lartigue G, Hayes MR, Lazar MA. Hepatic Vagal Afferents Convey Clock-Dependent Signals to Regulate Circadian Food Intake. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.30.568080. [PMID: 38077098 PMCID: PMC10705484 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.568080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Circadian desynchrony induced by shiftwork or jetlag is detrimental to metabolic health, but how synchronous/desynchronous signals are transmitted among tissues is unknown. Here we report that liver molecular clock dysfunction is signaled to the brain via the hepatic vagal afferent nerve (HVAN), leading to altered food intake patterns that are corrected by ablation of the HVAN. Hepatic branch vagotomy also prevents food intake disruptions induced by high-fat diet feeding and reduces body weight gain. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized homeostatic feedback signal that relies on synchrony between the liver and the brain to control circadian food intake patterns. This identifies the hepatic vagus nerve as a therapeutic target for obesity in the setting of chrono-disruption. One Sentence Summary The hepatic vagal afferent nerve signals internal circadian desynchrony between the brain and liver to induce maladaptive food intake patterns.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng Z, Ferris C, Crowe MA, Ingvartsen KL, Grelet C, Vanlierde A, Foldager L, Becker F, Wathes DC. Hepatic Global Transcriptomic Profiles of Holstein Cows According to Parity Reveal Age-Related Changes in Early Lactation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9906. [PMID: 37373054 PMCID: PMC10298156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cows can live for over 20 years, but their productive lifespan averages only around 3 years after first calving. Liver dysfunction can reduce lifespan by increasing the risk of metabolic and infectious disease. This study investigated the changes in hepatic global transcriptomic profiles in early lactation Holstein cows in different lactations. Cows from five herds were grouped as primiparous (lactation number 1, PP, 534.7 ± 6.9 kg, n = 41), or multiparous with lactation numbers 2-3 (MP2-3, 634.5 ± 7.5 kg, n = 87) or 4-7 (MP4-7, 686.6 ± 11.4 kg, n = 40). Liver biopsies were collected at around 14 days after calving for RNA sequencing. Blood metabolites and milk yields were measured, and energy balance was calculated. There were extensive differences in hepatic gene expression between MP and PP cows, with 568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MP2-3 and PP cows, and 719 DEGs between MP4-7 and PP cows, with downregulated DEGs predominating in MP cows. The differences between the two age groups of MP cows were moderate (82 DEGs). The gene expression differences suggested that MP cows had reduced immune functions compared with the PP cows. MP cows had increased gluconeogenesis but also evidence of impaired liver functionality. The MP cows had dysregulated protein synthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and impaired genome and RNA stability and nutrient transport (22 differentially expressed solute carrier transporters). The genes associated with cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the production of antimicrobial peptides were upregulated. More surprisingly, evidence of hepatic inflammation leading to fibrosis was present in the primiparous cows as they started their first lactation. This study has therefore shown that the ageing process in the livers of dairy cows is accelerated by successive lactations and increasing milk yields. This was associated with evidence of metabolic and immune disorders together with hepatic dysfunction. These problems are likely to increase involuntary culling, thus reducing the average longevity in dairy herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangrui Cheng
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK;
| | - Conrad Ferris
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Upper Malone Road, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK;
| | - Mark A. Crowe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Klaus L. Ingvartsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (K.L.I.); (L.F.)
| | - Clément Grelet
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Amélie Vanlierde
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (C.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Leslie Foldager
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (K.L.I.); (L.F.)
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Becker
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
| | - D. Claire Wathes
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK;
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Silic MR, Zhang G. Bioelectricity in Developmental Patterning and Size Control: Evidence and Genetically Encoded Tools in the Zebrafish Model. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081148. [PMID: 37190057 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental patterning is essential for regulating cellular events such as axial patterning, segmentation, tissue formation, and organ size determination during embryogenesis. Understanding the patterning mechanisms remains a central challenge and fundamental interest in developmental biology. Ion-channel-regulated bioelectric signals have emerged as a player of the patterning mechanism, which may interact with morphogens. Evidence from multiple model organisms reveals the roles of bioelectricity in embryonic development, regeneration, and cancers. The Zebrafish model is the second most used vertebrate model, next to the mouse model. The zebrafish model has great potential for elucidating the functions of bioelectricity due to many advantages such as external development, transparent early embryogenesis, and tractable genetics. Here, we review genetic evidence from zebrafish mutants with fin-size and pigment changes related to ion channels and bioelectricity. In addition, we review the cell membrane voltage reporting and chemogenetic tools that have already been used or have great potential to be implemented in zebrafish models. Finally, new perspectives and opportunities for bioelectricity research with zebrafish are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Silic
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Di Giorgio NP, Bizzozzero-Hiriart M, Surkin PN, Repetto E, Bonaventura MM, Tabares FN, Bourguignon NS, Converti A, Gomez JMR, Bettler B, Lux-Lantos V. Deletion of GABAB receptors from Kiss1 cells affects glucose homeostasis without altering reproduction in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E314-E329. [PMID: 36652400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), synthesized in the central nervous system, are critical for reproduction. Both are also expressed in peripheral organs/tissues critical to metabolic control (liver/pancreas/adipose). Many kisspeptin neurons coexpress GABAB receptors (GABABR) and GABA controls kisspeptin expression and secretion. We developed a unique mouse lacking GABABR exclusively from kisspeptin cells/neurons (Kiss1-GABAB1KO) to evaluate the impact on metabolism/reproduction. We confirmed selective deletion of GABABR from Kiss1 cells in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus/periventricular nucleus continuum (AVPV/PeN; immunofluorescence and PCR) and arcuate nucleus (ARC), medial amygdala (MeA), pituitary, liver, and testes (PCR). Young Kiss1-GABAB1KO males were fertile, with normal LH and testosterone. Kiss1 expression was similar between genotypes in AVPV/PeN, ARC, MeA, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and peripheral organs (testis, liver, pituitary). Kiss1-GABAB1KO males presented higher fasted glycemia and insulin levels, an impaired response to a glucose overload, reduced insulin sensitivity, and marked insulin resistance. Interestingly, when Kiss1-GABAB1KO males got older (9 mo old) their body weight (BW) increased, in part due to an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT). Old Kiss1-GABAB1KO males showed higher fasted insulin, increased pancreatic insulin content, insulin resistance, and significantly decreased pancreatic kisspeptin levels. In sum, lack of GABABR specifically in Kiss1 cells severely impacts glucose homeostasis in male mice, reinforcing kisspeptin involvement in metabolic regulation. These alterations in glucose homeostasis worsened with aging. We highlight the impact of GABA through GABABR in the regulation of the pancreas kisspeptin system in contrast to liver kisspeptin that was not affected.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a unique mouse lacking GABAB receptors specifically in Kiss1 cells to evaluate the impact on reproduction and metabolism. Knockout males showed a severe impact on glucose homeostasis, which worsened with aging. These results reinforce the proposed kisspeptin involvement in metabolic regulation and highlight the impact of GABA through GABABR in the regulation of the peripheral pancreas kisspeptin system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia P Di Giorgio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianne Bizzozzero-Hiriart
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N Surkin
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Repetto
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Bonaventura
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia N Tabares
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Bourguignon
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Converti
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Riaño Gomez
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Lux-Lantos
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hadjihambi A, Pellerin L. Reply to: "Is NAFLD a key driver of brain dysfunction?". J Hepatol 2023; 78:e130-e131. [PMID: 36596384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hadjihambi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Inserm U1313, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim K, Yoon H. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling in Damage Response, Metabolism, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054584. [PMID: 36902014 PMCID: PMC10003236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in signal transduction and can function as a neurotransmitter. Although many studies have been conducted on GABA in brain biology, the cellular function and physiological relevance of GABA in other metabolic organs remain unclear. Here, we will discuss recent advances in understanding GABA metabolism with a focus on its biosynthesis and cellular functions in other organs. The mechanisms of GABA in liver biology and disease have revealed new ways to link the biosynthesis of GABA to its cellular function. By reviewing what is known about the distinct effects of GABA and GABA-mediated metabolites in physiological pathways, we provide a framework for understanding newly identified targets regulating the damage response, with implications for ameliorating metabolic diseases. With this review, we suggest that further research is necessary to develop GABA's beneficial and toxic effects on metabolic disease progression.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi C, Han X, Guo W, Wu Q, Yang X, Wang Y, Tang G, Wang S, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li M, Lv M, Guo Y, Li Z, Li J, Shi J, Qu G, Jiang G. Disturbed Gut-Liver axis indicating oral exposure to polystyrene microplastic potentially increases the risk of insulin resistance. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107273. [PMID: 35526298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human uptake abundance of microplastics via various pathways, and they accumulate in human liver, kidney, gut and even placenta (especially with a diameter of 1 μm or less). Recent scientific studies have found that exposure to microplastics causes intestinal inflammation and liver metabolic disorder, but it remains largely unknown that whether the damage and inflammation may cause further development of severe diseases. In this study, we discovered one of such potential diseases that may be induced by the exposure to small-sized microplastics (with a diameter of 1 μm) performing a multi-organ and multi-omics study comprising metabolomics and microbiome approaches. Unlike other animal experiments, the dosing strategy was applied in mice according to the daily exposure of the highly exposed population, which was more environmentally relevant and reflective of real-world human exposure. Our studies on the gut-liver axis metabolism have shown that the crosstalk between the gut and liver ultimately leaded to insulin resistance and even diabetes. We proactively verified this hypothesis by measuring the levels of fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin, which were found significantly elevated in the mice with microplastics exposure. These results indicate the urgent need of large-scale cohort evaluation on epidemiology and prognosis of insulin resistance after microplastics exposure in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Shi
- College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Gang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shunhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ziniu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yaquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yunhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patent highlights October–November 2021. Pharm Pat Anal 2022; 11:37-44. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu YQ, Yan L, Wang XT, Li L, Zheng W, Gao H. Study on the Effects of Chinese Materia Medica Processing on the Hypoglycemic Activity and Chemical Composition of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6211609. [PMID: 34712345 PMCID: PMC8548110 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6211609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) before and after being stir-baked with salt water on the diabetic mice and to detect the contents of 8 components in the corresponding active parts simultaneously using the UPLC-MS method, in order to screen the better extracts for diabetes and to clear the material basis for enhancing hypoglycemic activity of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water (SAR). METHODS Taking spontaneous type II diabetic db/db mice as models and fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), serum resistin (RESISTEIN), fasting insulin (FINS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) as indicators, the hypoglycemic effects of different active parts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were evaluated. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column using acetonitrile (B) and 0.1% formic acid in water (A) as mobile phases, and the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. The column temperature was set as 28°C, and the injection volume was 10 μL. A mass spectrometer was connected to the UPLC system via an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. Full-scan data acquisition was performed in the negative ion mode. RESULT In the study of pharmacodynamics, the hypoglycemic effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is better than that of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and the hypoglycemic effect of ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is more remarkable than that of the decoction. The measured components all have a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r ≥ 0.9990); the average recovery rates are 98.86%-100.69%, RSD <2.90%. Compared with the raw Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, the contents of Timosaponin AIII, Timosaponin BII, Timosaponin BIII, Anemarrhenasaponin I, Anemarrhenasaponin Ia, and Mangiferin of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water are all higher, the changes of Timosaponin AI and Anemarrhenasaponin AII are not obvious, and all the contents of chemical composition in the ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water were obviously higher compared with the water decoction. CONCLUSION The processing method, stir-baking with salt water, can increase the contents of active compositions in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and strengthen the hypoglycemic effect. The ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is the better active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morris EM, Noland RD, Ponte ME, Montonye ML, Christianson JA, Stanford JA, Miles JM, Hayes MR, Thyfault JP. Reduced Liver-Specific PGC1a Increases Susceptibility for Short-Term Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Male Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2596. [PMID: 34444756 PMCID: PMC8400659 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The central integration of peripheral neural signals is one mechanism by which systemic energy homeostasis is regulated. Previously, increased acute food intake following the chemical reduction of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ATP levels was prevented by common hepatic branch vagotomy (HBV). However, possible offsite actions of the chemical compounds confound the precise role of liver energy metabolism. Herein, we used a hepatocyte PGC1a heterozygous (LPGC1a) mouse model, with associated reductions in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiratory capacity, to assess the role of liver energy metabolism in systemic energy homeostasis. LPGC1a male, but not female, mice had a 70% greater high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced weight gain compared to wildtype (WT) mice (p < 0.05). The greater weight gain was associated with altered feeding behavior and lower activity energy expenditure during the HFHS diet in LPGC1a males. WT and LPGC1a mice underwent sham surgery or HBV to assess whether vagal signaling was involved in the HFHS-induced weight gain of male LPGC1a mice. HBV increased HFHS-induced weight gain (85%, p < 0.05) in male WT mice, but not LPGC1a mice. These data demonstrate a sex-specific role of reduced liver energy metabolism in acute diet-induced weight gain, and the need for a more nuanced assessment of the role of vagal signaling in short-term diet-induced weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Roberto D. Noland
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Michael E. Ponte
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Michelle L. Montonye
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Julie A. Christianson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - John A. Stanford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
| | - John M. Miles
- Department of Internal Medicine—Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.D.N.); (M.E.P.); (J.A.S.); (J.P.T.)
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine—Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Kansas City VA Medical Center-Research Service, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Geisler CE, Ghimire S, Bruggink SM, Miller KE, Weninger SN, Kronenfeld JM, Yoshino J, Klein S, Duca FA, Renquist BJ. A critical role of hepatic GABA in the metabolic dysfunction and hyperphagia of obesity. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109301. [PMID: 34192532 PMCID: PMC8851954 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation is a hallmark of type II diabetes (T2D) associated with hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hyperphagia. Hepatic synthesis of GABA, catalyzed by GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), is upregulated in obese mice. To assess the role of hepatic GABA production in obesity-induced metabolic and energy dysregulation, we treated mice with two pharmacologic GABA-T inhibitors and knocked down hepatic GABA-T expression using an antisense oligonucleotide. Hepatic GABA-T inhibition and knockdown decreased basal hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia and improved glucose intolerance. GABA-T knockdown improved insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in obese mice. Hepatic GABA-T knockdown also decreased food intake and induced weight loss without altering energy expenditure in obese mice. Data from people with obesity support the notion that hepatic GABA production and transport are associated with serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), T2D, and BMI. These results support a key role for hepatocyte GABA production in the dysfunctional glucoregulation and feeding behavior associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susma Ghimire
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Stephanie M Bruggink
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kendra E Miller
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Savanna N Weninger
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jason M Kronenfeld
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| |
Collapse
|