1
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Yao X, Gao S, Yan N. Structural biology of voltage-gated calcium channels. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2290807. [PMID: 38062897 PMCID: PMC10761187 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2290807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels mediate Ca2+ influx in response to membrane depolarization, playing critical roles in diverse physiological processes. Dysfunction or aberrant regulation of Cav channels can lead to life-threatening consequences. Cav-targeting drugs have been clinically used to treat cardiovascular and neuronal disorders for several decades. This review aims to provide an account of recent developments in the structural dissection of Cav channels. High-resolution structures have significantly advanced our understanding of the working and disease mechanisms of Cav channels, shed light on the molecular basis for their modulation, and elucidated the modes of actions (MOAs) of representative drugs and toxins. The progress in structural studies of Cav channels lays the foundation for future drug discovery efforts targeting Cav channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yao
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Torres-Rico M, García-Calvo V, Gironda-Martínez A, Pascual-Guerra J, García AG, Maneu V. Targeting calciumopathy for neuroprotection: focus on calcium channels Cav1, Orai1 and P2X7. Cell Calcium 2024; 123:102928. [PMID: 39003871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
As the uncontrolled entry of calcium ions (Ca2+) through plasmalemmal calcium channels is a cell death trigger, the conjecture is here raised that mitigating such an excess of Ca2+ entry should rescue from death the vulnerable neurons in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, this supposition has failed in some clinical trials (CTs). Thus, a recent CT tested whether isradipine, a blocker of the Cav1 subtype of voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs), exerted a benefit in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, outcomes were negative. This is one more of the hundreds of CTs done under the principle of one-drug-one-target, that have failed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other NDDs during the last three decades. As there are myriad calcium channels to let Ca2+ ions gain the cell cytosol, it seems reasonable to predict that blockade of Ca2+ entry through a single channel may not be capable of preventing the Ca2+ flood of cells by the uncontrolled Ca2+ entry. Furthermore, as Ca2+ signaling is involved in the regulation of myriad functions in different cell types, it seems also reasonable to guess that a therapy should be more efficient by targeting different cells with various drugs. Here, we propose to mitigate Ca2+ entry by the simultaneous partial blockade of three quite different subtypes of plasmalemmal calcium channels that is, the Cav1 subtype of VOCCs, the Orai1 store-operated calcium channel (SOCC), and the purinergic P2X7 calcium channel. All three channels are expressed in both microglia and neurons. Thus, by targeting the three channels with a combination of three drug blockers we expect favorable changes in some of the pathogenic features of NDDs, namely (i) to mitigate Ca2+ entry into microglia; (ii) to decrease the Ca2+-dependent microglia activation; (iii) to decrease the sustained neuroinflammation; (iv) to decrease the uncontrolled Ca2+ entry into neurons; (v) to rescue vulnerable neurons from death; and (vi) to delay disease progression. In this review we discuss the arguments underlying our triad hypothesis in the sense that the combination of three repositioned medicines targeting Cav1, Orai1, and P2X7 calcium channels could boost neuroprotection and delay the progression of AD and other NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrián Gironda-Martínez
- Instituto Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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3
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Gao Y, Bai Q, Zhang XC, Zhao Y. Structural insights into the allosteric effects of the antiepileptic drug topiramate on the Ca V2.3 channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 725:150271. [PMID: 38901222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The R-type voltage-gated calcium channel CaV2.3 is predominantly located in the presynapse and is implicated in distinct types of epileptic seizures. It has consequently emerged as a molecular target in seizure treatment. Here, we determined the cryo-EM structure of the CaV2.3-α2δ1-β1 complex in the topiramate-bound state at a 3.0 Å resolution. We provide a snapshot of the binding site of topiramate, a widely prescribed antiepileptic drug, on a voltage-gated ion channel. The binding site is located at an intracellular juxtamembrane hydrophilic cavity. Further structural analysis revealed that topiramate may allosterically facilitate channel inactivation. These findings provide fundamental insights into the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of topiramate on CaV and NaV channels, elucidating a previously unseen modulator binding site and thus pointing toward a route for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinru Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuejun Cai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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4
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Nilsson M, Wang K, Mínguez-Viñas T, Angelini M, Berglund S, Olcese R, Pantazis A. Voltage-dependent G-protein regulation of Ca V2.2 (N-type) channels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp6665. [PMID: 39259796 PMCID: PMC11389781 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
How G proteins inhibit N-type, voltage-gated, calcium-selective channels (CaV2.2) during presynaptic inhibition is a decades-old question. G proteins Gβγ bind to intracellular CaV2.2 regions, but the inhibition is voltage dependent. Using the hybrid electrophysiological and optical approach voltage-clamp fluorometry, we show that Gβγ acts by selectively inhibiting a subset of the four different CaV2.2 voltage-sensor domains (VSDs I to IV). During regular "willing" gating, VSD-I and -IV activations resemble pore opening, VSD III activation is hyperpolarized, and VSD II appears unresponsive to depolarization. In the presence of Gβγ, CaV2.2 gating is "reluctant": pore opening and VSD I activation are strongly and proportionally inhibited, VSD IV is modestly inhibited, while VSD III is not. We propose that Gβγ inhibition of VSDs I and IV underlies reluctant CaV2.2 gating and subsequent presynaptic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nilsson
- Division of Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kaiqian Wang
- Division of Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Teresa Mínguez-Viñas
- Division of Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marina Angelini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stina Berglund
- Division of Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Olcese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antonios Pantazis
- Division of Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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5
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Maria DN, Ibrahim MM, Kim MJ, Maria SN, White WA, Wang X, Hollingsworth TJ, Jablonski MM. Evaluation of Pregabalin bioadhesive multilayered microemulsion IOP-lowering eye drops. J Control Release 2024; 373:667-687. [PMID: 39079659 PMCID: PMC11384292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In spite of available treatment options, glaucoma continues to be a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Current glaucoma medications have multiple limitations including: lack of sustained action; requirement for multiple dosing per day, ocular irritation and limited options for drugs with different mechanisms of action. Previously, we demonstrated that pregabalin, a drug with high affinity and selectivity for CACNA2D1, lowered IOP in a dose-dependent manner. The current study was designed to evaluate pregabalin microemulsion eye drops and to estimate its efficacy in humans using in silico methods. Molecular docking studies of pregabalin against CACNA2D1 of mouse, rabbit, and human were performed. Pregabalin microemulsion eye drops were characterized using multiple in vivo studies and its stability was evaluated over one year at different storage conditions. Molecular docking analyses and QSPR of pregabalin confirmed its suitability as a new IOP-lowering medication that functions using a new mechanism of action by binding to CACNA2D1 in all species evaluated. Because of its prolonged corneal residence time and corneal penetration enhancement, a single topical application of pregabalin ME can provide an extended IOP reduction of more than day in different animal models. Repeated daily dosing for 2 months confirms the lack of any tachyphylactic effect, which is a common drawback among marketed IOP-lowering medications. In addition, pregabalin microemulsion demonstrated good physical stability for one year, and chemical stability for 3-6 months if stored below 25 °C. Collectively, these outcomes greatly support the use of pregabalin eye drops as once daily IOP-lowering therapy for glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa N Maria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Minjae J Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Sara N Maria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - William A White
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - XiangDi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - T J Hollingsworth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
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6
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Garza-Carbajal A, Bavencoffe A, Herrera JJ, Johnson KN, Walters ET, Dessauer CW. Mechanism of gabapentinoid potentiation of opioid effects on cyclic AMP signaling in neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405465121. [PMID: 39145932 PMCID: PMC11348325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405465121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Over half of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients develop opioid-resistant chronic neuropathic pain. Safer alternatives to opioids for treatment of neuropathic pain are gabapentinoids (e.g., pregabalin and gabapentin). Clinically, gabapentinoids appear to amplify opioid effects, increasing analgesia and overdose-related adverse outcomes, but in vitro proof of this amplification and its mechanism are lacking. We previously showed that after SCI, sensitivity to opioids is reduced by fourfold to sixfold in rat sensory neurons. Here, we demonstrate that after injury, gabapentinoids restore normal sensitivity of opioid inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation, while reducing nociceptor hyperexcitability by inhibiting voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Increasing intracellular Ca2+ or activation of L-type VGCCs (L-VGCCs) suffices to mimic SCI effects on opioid sensitivity, in a manner dependent on the activity of the Raf1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine-protein kinase C-Raf, but independent of neuronal depolarization. Together, our results provide a mechanism for potentiation of opioid effects by gabapentinoids after injury, via reduction of calcium influx through L-VGCCs, and suggest that other inhibitors targeting these channels may similarly enhance opioid treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Garza-Carbajal
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Alexis Bavencoffe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Juan J. Herrera
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Kayla N. Johnson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Edgar T. Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
| | - Carmen W. Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX77030
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7
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Huang J, Pan X, Yan N. Structural biology and molecular pharmacology of voltage-gated ion channels. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00763-7. [PMID: 39103479 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), including those for Na+, Ca2+ and K+, selectively permeate ions across the cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential, thus participating in physiological processes involving electrical signalling, such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction and hormone secretion. Aberrant function or dysregulation of VGICs is associated with a diversity of neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular and muscular disorders, and approximately 10% of FDA-approved drugs directly target VGICs. Understanding the structure-function relationship of VGICs is crucial for our comprehension of their working mechanisms and role in diseases. In this Review, we discuss how advances in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy have afforded unprecedented structural insights into VGICs, especially on their interactions with clinical and investigational drugs. We present a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the structural biology of VGICs, with a focus on how prototypical drugs and toxins modulate VGIC activities. We explore how these structures elucidate the molecular basis for drug actions, reveal novel pharmacological sites, and provide critical clues to future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Nieng Yan
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Perez-Miller S, Gomez K, Khanna R. Peptide and Peptidomimetic Inhibitors Targeting the Interaction of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 with the N-Type Calcium Channel for Pain Relief. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1916-1936. [PMID: 39022365 PMCID: PMC11249630 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels serve pleiotropic functions. Often found in complexes, their activities and functions are sculpted by auxiliary proteins. We discovered that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is a binding partner and regulator of the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV2.2), a genetically validated contributor to chronic pain. Herein, we trace the discovery of a new peptidomimetic modulator of this interaction, starting from the identification and development of CBD3, a CRMP2-derived CaV binding domain peptide. CBD3 uncouples CRMP2-CaV2.2 binding to decrease CaV2.2 surface localization and calcium currents. These changes occur at presynaptic sites of nociceptive neurons and indeed, CBD3 ameliorates chronic pain in preclinical models. In pursuit of a CBD3 peptidomimetic, we exploited a unique approach to identify a dipeptide with low conformational flexibility and high solvent accessibility that anchors binding to CaV2.2. From a pharmacophore screen, we obtained CBD3063, a small-molecule that recapitulated CBD3's activity, reversing nociceptive behaviors in rodents of both sexes without sensory, affective, or cognitive effects. By disrupting the CRMP2-CaV2.2 interaction, CBD3063 exerts these effects indirectly through modulating CaV2.2 trafficking, supporting CRMP2 as an auxiliary subunit of CaV2.2. The parent peptide CBD3 was also found by us and others to have neuroprotective properties at postsynaptic sites, through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and plasmalemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3, potentially acting as an auxiliary subunit for these pathways as well. Our new compound is poised to address several open questions regarding CRMP2's role in regulating the CaV2.2 pathways to treat pain with the potential added benefit of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
- Pain
and Addiction Therapeutics (PATH) Collaboratory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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9
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Yu XY, Sun QM, Lu RP, Wei B, Wang XY, Pan LH. Clinical features and genetic analysis of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by biallelic variants of CACNA1B. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32693. [PMID: 39005920 PMCID: PMC11239463 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the clinical features and genetic etiology of a patient with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Methods The clinical information and peripheral blood of the patient and their family members were collected before the whole exome sequencing analysis was performed and Sanger sequencing was employed to verify the potential variant. Results The patient presented with epilepsy and cerebral palsy with his parents, brother, and sister being all healthy. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed that the child carried the paternal c.823del (p. R275Gfs*31) heterozygous variant and the maternal c.2456del (p.V819Gfs*190) heterozygous variant of the CACNA1B gene. Pedigree verification found that the elder brother and amniotic fluid of fetus in womb carried the paternal c.823del heterozygous variant, and the elder sister carried the maternal c.2456del heterozygous variant, which conformed to the law of autosomal recessive inheritance. Neither of these two variants has been reported in the literature and has not been included in the Genomic Mutation Frequency Database (gnomAD); according to the American Academy of Medical Genetics and Genomics Variation Grading Guidelines (ACMG), both variants are classified as pathogenic variants (PVS1+PM2-Supporting + PM3). Conclusion This study reported the first case of a child with neurodevelopmental disorder and epilepsy caused by a new compound heterozygous variant of the CACNA1B gene in China, clarified its genetic etiology, enriched the mutation spectrum and disease spectrum of CACNA1B gene, and provided a basis for prenatal diagnosis of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-you Yu
- Gerneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yin'chuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Qing-mei Sun
- Gansu Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lan'zhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Rui-ping Lu
- Gerneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yin'chuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Gerneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yin'chuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xiao-yan Wang
- Gerneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yin'chuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Li-hua Pan
- Gerneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yin'chuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
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10
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Nilsson M, Wang K, Mínguez-Viñas T, Angelini M, Berglund S, Olcese R, Pantazis A. Electrical and G-protein Regulation of CaV2.2 (N-type) Channels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.29.600263. [PMID: 38979276 PMCID: PMC11230437 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.29.600263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
How G-proteins inhibit N-type, voltage-gated, calcium-selective channels (Ca V 2.2) during presynaptic inhibition is a decades-old question. G-proteins Gβγ bind to intracellular Ca V 2.2 regions, but the inhibition is voltage-dependent. Using the hybrid electrophysiological and optical approach voltage-clamp fluorometry, we show that Gβγ acts by selectively inhibiting a subset of the four different Ca V 2.2 voltage-sensor domains (VSDs I-IV). During regular "willing" gating, VSDs I and IV activation resemble pore opening, VSD III activation is hyperpolarized, and VSD II appears unresponsive to depolarization. In the presence of Gβγ, Ca V 2.2 gating is "reluctant": pore opening and VSD-I activation are strongly and proportionally inhibited, VSD IV is modestly inhibited while VSD III is not. We propose that Gβγ inhibition of VSD-I and -IV underlies reluctant Ca V 2.2 gating and subsequent presynaptic inhibition.
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11
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Fang X, Zeng Y, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Lin S, Xu W, Zheng C, Hu X, Qiu Y, Ruan Z. Electrochemical synthesis of peptide aldehydes via C‒N bond cleavage of cyclic amines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5181. [PMID: 38890290 PMCID: PMC11189564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptide aldehydes are crucial biomolecules essential to various biological systems, driving a continuous demand for efficient synthesis methods. Herein, we develop a metal-free, facile, and biocompatible strategy for direct electrochemical synthesis of unnatural peptide aldehydes. This electro-oxidative approach enabled a step- and atom-economical ring-opening via C‒N bond cleavage, allowing for homoproline-specific peptide diversification and expansion of substrate scope to include amides, esters, and cyclic amines of various sizes. The remarkable efficacy of the electro-synthetic protocol set the stage for the efficient modification and assembly of linear and macrocyclic peptides using a concise synthetic sequence with racemization-free conditions. Moreover, the combination of experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicates that different N-acyl groups play a decisive role in the reaction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Fang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Yawen Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Zile Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Shengsheng Lin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Chengwei Zheng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Xinwei Hu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
| | - Zhixiong Ruan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
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12
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Cao B, Xu Q, Shi Y, Zhao R, Li H, Zheng J, Liu F, Wan Y, Wei B. Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:155. [PMID: 38851750 PMCID: PMC11162504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable health and economic burdens. Effective pain management is crucial for individuals suffering from pain. However, the current methods for pain assessment and treatment fall short of clinical needs. Benefiting from advances in neuroscience and biotechnology, the neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms critically involved in pain modulation have been elucidated. These research achievements have incited progress in identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we first introduce fundamental knowledge about pain, setting the stage for the subsequent contents. The review next delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying pain disorders, including gene mutation, epigenetic modification, posttranslational modification, inflammasome, signaling pathways and microbiota. To better present a comprehensive view of pain research, two prominent issues, sexual dimorphism and pain comorbidities, are discussed in detail based on current findings. The status quo of pain evaluation and manipulation is summarized. A series of improved and innovative pain management strategies, such as gene therapy, monoclonal antibody, brain-computer interface and microbial intervention, are making strides towards clinical application. We highlight existing limitations and future directions for enhancing the quality of preclinical and clinical research. Efforts to decipher the complexities of pain pathology will be instrumental in translating scientific discoveries into clinical practice, thereby improving pain management from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yajiao Shi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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13
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Kutzsche J, Guzman GA, Willuweit A, Kletke O, Wollert E, Gering I, Jürgens D, Breitkreutz J, Stark H, Beck-Sickinger AG, Klöcker N, Hidalgo P, Willbold D. An orally available Ca v2.2 calcium channel inhibitor for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1734-1756. [PMID: 38157867 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuropathic pain affects up to 10% of the global population and is caused by an injury or a disease affecting the somatosensory, peripheral, or central nervous system. NP is characterized by chronic, severe and opioid-resistant properties. Therefore, its clinical management remains very challenging. The N-type voltage-gated calcium channel, Cav2.2, is a validated target for therapeutic intervention in chronic and neuropathic pain. The conotoxin ziconotide (Prialt®) is an FDA-approved drug that blocks Cav2.2 channel but needs to be administered intrathecally. Thus, although being principally efficient, the required application route is very much in disfavour. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH AND KEY RESULTS Here, we describe an orally available drug candidate, RD2, which competes with ziconotide binding to Cav2.2 at nanomolar concentrations and inhibits Cav2.2 almost completely reversible. Other voltage-gated calcium channel subtypes, like Cav1.2 and Cav3.2, were affected by RD2 only at concentrations higher than 10 μM. Data from sciatic inflammatory neuritis rat model demonstrated the in vivo proof of concept, as low-dose RD2 (5 mg·kg-1) administered orally alleviated neuropathic pain compared with vehicle controls. High-dose RD2 (50 mg·kg-1) was necessary to reduce pain sensation in acute thermal response assessed by the tail flick test. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that RD2 has antiallodynic properties. RD2 is orally available, which is the most convenient application form for patients and caregivers. The surprising and novel result from standard receptor screens opens the room for further optimization into new promising drug candidates, which address an unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gustavo A Guzman
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Olaf Kletke
- Institute of Neuro- und Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Esther Wollert
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ian Gering
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Jürgens
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patricia Hidalgo
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 7, Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Rogers M, Obergrussberger A, Kondratskyi A, Fertig N. Using automated patch clamp electrophysiology platforms in ion channel drug discovery: an industry perspective. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:523-535. [PMID: 38481119 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2329104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Automated patch clamp (APC) is now well established as a mature technology for ion channel drug discovery in academia, biotech and pharma companies, and in contract research organizations (CRO), for a variety of applications including channelopathy research, compound screening, target validation and cardiac safety testing. AREAS COVERED Ion channels are an important class of drugged and approved drug targets. The authors present a review of the current state of ion channel drug discovery along with new and exciting developments in ion channel research involving APC. This includes topics such as native and iPSC-derived cells in ion channel drug discovery, channelopathy research, organellar and biologics in ion channel drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION It is our belief that APC will continue to play a critical role in ion channel drug discovery, not only in 'classical' hit screening, target validation and cardiac safety testing, but extending these applications to include high throughput organellar recordings and optogenetics. In this way, with advancements in APC capabilities and applications, together with high resolution cryo-EM structures, ion channel drug discovery will be re-invigorated, leading to a growing list of ion channel ligands in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rogers
- Albion Drug Discovery Services Ltd, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Qiu Y, Gao Y, Huang B, Bai Q, Zhao Y. Transport mechanism of presynaptic high-affinity choline uptake by CHT1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:701-709. [PMID: 38589607 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Choline is a vital nutrient and a precursor for the biosynthesis of essential metabolites, including acetylcholine (ACh), that play a central role in fetal development, especially in the brain. In cholinergic neurons, the high-affinity choline transporter (CHT1) provides an extraordinarily efficient reuptake mechanism to reutilize choline derived from intrasynaptical ACh hydrolysis and maintain ACh synthesis in the presynapse. Here, we determined structures of human CHT1 in three discrete states: the outward-facing state bound with the competitive inhibitor hemicholinium-3 (HC-3); the inward-facing occluded state bound with the substrate choline; and the inward-facing apo open state. Our structures and functional characterizations elucidate how the inhibitor and substrate are recognized. Moreover, our findings shed light on conformational changes when transitioning from an outward-facing to an inward-facing state and establish a framework for understanding the transport cycle, which relies on the stabilization of the outward-facing state by a short intracellular helix, IH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Beijing StoneWise Technology Co Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qinru Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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16
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Wei Y, Yu Z, Wang L, Li X, Li N, Bai Q, Wang Y, Li R, Meng Y, Xu H, Wang X, Dong Y, Huang Z, Zhang XC, Zhao Y. Structural bases of inhibitory mechanism of Ca V1.2 channel inhibitors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2772. [PMID: 38555290 PMCID: PMC10981686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.2 is essential for cardiac and vessel smooth muscle contractility and brain function. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that malfunctions of CaV1.2 are involved in brain and heart diseases. Pharmacological inhibition of CaV1.2 is therefore of therapeutic value. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of CaV1.2 in the absence or presence of the antirheumatic drug tetrandrine or antihypertensive drug benidipine. Tetrandrine acts as a pore blocker in a pocket composed of S6II, S6III, and S6IV helices and forms extensive hydrophobic interactions with CaV1.2. Our structure elucidates that benidipine is located in the DIII-DIV fenestration site. Its hydrophobic sidechain, phenylpiperidine, is positioned at the exterior of the pore domain and cradled within a hydrophobic pocket formed by S5DIII, S6DIII, and S6DIV helices, providing additional interactions to exert inhibitory effects on both L-type and T-type voltage gated calcium channels. These findings provide the structural foundation for the rational design and optimization of therapeutic inhibitors of voltage-gated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuoya Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qinru Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xianping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xuejun Cai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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17
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del Rivero Morfin PJ, Kochiss AL, Liedl KR, Flucher BE, Fernández-Quintero ML, Ben-Johny M. Asymmetric contribution of a selectivity filter gate in triggering inactivation of CaV1.3 channels. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313365. [PMID: 38175169 PMCID: PMC10771039 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent and Ca2+-dependent inactivation (VDI and CDI, respectively) of CaV channels are two biologically consequential feedback mechanisms that fine-tune Ca2+ entry into neurons and cardiomyocytes. Although known to be initiated by distinct molecular events, how these processes obstruct conduction through the channel pore remains poorly defined. Here, focusing on ultrahighly conserved tryptophan residues in the interdomain interfaces near the selectivity filter of CaV1.3, we demonstrate a critical role for asymmetric conformational changes in mediating VDI and CDI. Specifically, mutagenesis of the domain III-IV interface, but not others, enhanced VDI. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that mutations in distinct selectivity filter interfaces differentially impact conformational flexibility. Furthermore, mutations in distinct domains preferentially disrupt CDI mediated by the N- versus C-lobes of CaM, thus uncovering a scheme of structural bifurcation of CaM signaling. These findings highlight the fundamental importance of the asymmetric arrangement of the pseudotetrameric CaV pore domain for feedback inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey L. Kochiss
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard E. Flucher
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Clapp Sullivan ML, Schwaba T, Harden KP, Grotzinger AD, Nivard MG, Tucker-Drob EM. Beyond the factor indeterminacy problem using genome-wide association data. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:205-218. [PMID: 38225407 PMCID: PMC10922726 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Latent factors, such as general intelligence, depression and risk tolerance, are invoked in nearly all social science research where a construct is measured via aggregation of symptoms, question responses or other measurements. Because latent factors cannot be directly observed, they are inferred by fitting a specific model to empirical patterns of correlations among measured variables. A long-standing critique of latent factor theories is that the correlations used to infer latent factors can be produced by alternative data-generating mechanisms that do not include latent factors. This is referred to as the factor indeterminacy problem. Researchers have recently begun to overcome this problem by using information on the associations between individual genetic variants and measured variables. We review historical work on the factor indeterminacy problem and describe recent efforts in genomics to rigorously test the validity of latent factors, advancing the understanding of behavioural science constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ted Schwaba
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew D Grotzinger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elliot M Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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19
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Gao S, Yao X, Chen J, Huang G, Fan X, Xue L, Li Z, Wu T, Zheng Y, Huang J, Jin X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Yu Y, Liu L, Pan X, Song C, Yan N. Structural basis for human Ca v1.2 inhibition by multiple drugs and the neurotoxin calciseptine. Cell 2023; 186:5363-5374.e16. [PMID: 37972591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cav1.2 channels play crucial roles in various neuronal and physiological processes. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of human Cav1.2, both in its apo form and in complex with several drugs, as well as the peptide neurotoxin calciseptine. Most structures, apo or bound to calciseptine, amlodipine, or a combination of amiodarone and sofosbuvir, exhibit a consistent inactivated conformation with a sealed gate, three up voltage-sensing domains (VSDs), and a down VSDII. Calciseptine sits on the shoulder of the pore domain, away from the permeation path. In contrast, when pinaverium bromide, an antispasmodic drug, is inserted into a cavity reminiscent of the IFM-binding site in Nav channels, a series of structural changes occur, including upward movement of VSDII coupled with dilation of the selectivity filter and its surrounding segments in repeat III. Meanwhile, S4-5III merges with S5III to become a single helix, resulting in a widened but still non-conductive intracellular gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Xia Yao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jiaofeng Chen
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaoxingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lingfeng Xue
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhangqiang Li
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yupeng Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Chen Song
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Nieng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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20
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Costas-Ferreira C, Silva ACDJ, Hage-Melim LIDS, Faro LRF. Role of voltage-dependent calcium channels on the striatal in vivo dopamine release induced by the organophosphorus pesticide glyphosate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104285. [PMID: 37783442 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) on the striatal dopamine release induced by the pesticide glyphosate (GLY) using selective VSCC inhibitors. The dopamine levels were measured by in vivo cerebral microdialysis coupled to HPLC-ED. Nicardipine (L-type VSCC antagonist) or ω-conotoxin MVIIC (non-selective P/Q-type antagonist) had no effect on dopamine release induced by 5 mM GLY. In contrast, flunarizine (T-type antagonist) or ω-conotoxin GVIA (neuronal N-type antagonist) significantly reduced GLY-stimulated dopamine release. These results suggest that GLY-induced dopamine release depends on extracellular calcium and its influx through the T- and N-type VSCCs. These findings were corroborated by molecular docking, which allowed us to establish a correlation between the effect of GLY on blocked VSCC with the observed dopamine release. We propose new molecular targets of GLY in the dorsal striatum, which could have important implications for the assessment of pesticide risks in non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Costas-Ferreira
- Department of Functional Biology and Health sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Lilian R Ferreira Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain.
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21
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del Rivero Morfin PJ, Kochiss AL, Liedl KR, Flucher BE, Fernández-Quintero ML, Ben-Johny M. Asymmetric Contribution of a Selectivity Filter Gate in Triggering Inactivation of Ca V1.3 Channels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.21.558864. [PMID: 37790368 PMCID: PMC10542529 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.558864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent and Ca2+-dependent inactivation (VDI and CDI, respectively) of CaV channels are two biologically consequential feedback mechanisms that fine-tune Ca2+ entry into neurons and cardiomyocytes. Although known to be initiated by distinct molecular events, how these processes obstruct conduction through the channel pore remains poorly defined. Here, focusing on ultra-highly conserved tryptophan residues in the inter-domain interfaces near the selectivity filter of CaV1.3, we demonstrate a critical role for asymmetric conformational changes in mediating VDI and CDI. Specifically, mutagenesis of the domain III-IV interface, but not others, enhanced VDI. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that mutations in distinct selectivity filter interfaces differentially impact conformational flexibility. Furthermore, mutations in distinct domains preferentially disrupt CDI mediated by the N- versus C-lobes of CaM, thus uncovering a scheme of structural bifurcation of CaM signaling. These findings highlight the fundamental importance of the asymmetric arrangement of the pseudo-tetrameric CaV pore domain for feedback inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey L. Kochiss
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard E. Flucher
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University
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22
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Xu YM, Wijeratne EMK, Calderon-Rivera A, Loya-López S, Perez-Miller S, Khanna R, Gunatilaka AAL. Argentatin C Analogues with Potential Antinociceptive Activity and Other Triterpenoid Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Parthenium incanum. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20085-20095. [PMID: 37305315 PMCID: PMC10249386 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Four new triterpenes, 25-dehydroxy-25-methoxyargentatin C (1), 20S-hydroxyargentatin C (2), 20S-hydroxyisoargentatin C (3), and 24-epi-argentatin C (4), together with 10 known triterpenes (5-14) were isolated from the aerial parts of Parthenium incanum. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated by detailed analysis of their spectroscopic data, and the known compounds 5-14 were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported. Since argentatin C (11) was found to exhibit antinociceptive activity by decreasing the excitability of rat and macaque dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, 11 and its new analogues 1-4 were evaluated for their ability to decrease the excitability of rat DRG neurons. Of the argentatin C analogues tested, 25-dehydroxy-25-methoxyargentatin C (1) and 24-epi-argentatin C (4) decreased neuronal excitability in a manner comparable to 11. Preliminary structure-activity relationships for the action potential-reducing effects of argentatin C (11) and its analogues 1-4, and their predicted binding sites in pain-relevant voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels (VGSCs and VGCCs) in DRG neurons are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ming Xu
- Southwest
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources
and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - E. M. Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources
and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- NYU
Pain Research Center and Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College
of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Santiago Loya-López
- NYU
Pain Research Center and Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College
of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- NYU
Pain Research Center and Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College
of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- NYU
Pain Research Center and Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College
of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School
of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources
and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
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23
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Seitter H, Obkircher J, Grabher P, Hartl J, Zanetti L, Lux UT, Fotakis G, Fernández-Quintero ML, Kaserer T, Koschak A. A novel calcium channel Cavβ 2 splice variant with unique properties predominates in the retina. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102972. [PMID: 36738788 PMCID: PMC10074810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cavβ subunits are essential for surface expression of voltage-gated calcium channel complexes and crucially modulate biophysical properties like voltage-dependent inactivation. Here, we describe the discovery and characterization of a novel Cavβ2 variant with distinct features that predominates in the retina. We determined spliced exons in retinal transcripts of the Cacnb2 gene, coding for Cavβ2, by RNA-Seq data analysis and quantitative PCR. We cloned a novel Cavβ2 splice variant from mouse retina, which we are calling β2i, and investigated biophysical properties of calcium currents with this variant in a heterologous expression system as well as its intrinsic membrane interaction when expressed alone. Our data showed that β2i predominated in the retina with expression in photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Furthermore, we observed that the β2i N-terminus exhibited an extraordinary concentration of hydrophobic residues, a distinct feature not seen in canonical variants. The biophysical properties resembled known membrane-associated variants, and β2i exhibited both a strong membrane association and a propensity for clustering, which depended on hydrophobic residues in its N-terminus. We considered available Cavβ structure data to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the observed characteristics but resolved N-terminus structures were lacking and thus, precluded clear conclusions. With this description of a novel N-terminus variant of Cavβ2, we expand the scope of functional variation through N-terminal splicing with a distinct form of membrane attachment. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the features of β2i could provide new angles on the way Cavβ subunits modulate Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig Seitter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Jana Obkircher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patricia Grabher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Hartl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lucia Zanetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Uwe Thorsten Lux
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology/Neurobiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgios Fotakis
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Teresa Kaserer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Koschak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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24
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Kozai D, Numoto N, Nishikawa K, Kamegawa A, Kawasaki S, Hiroaki Y, Irie K, Oshima A, Hanzawa H, Shimada K, Kitano Y, Fujiyoshi Y. Recognition mechanism of a novel gabapentinoid drug, mirogabalin, for recombinant human α 2δ1, a voltage-gated calcium channel subunit. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168049. [PMID: 36933823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mirogabalin is a novel gabapentinoid drug with a hydrophobic bicyclo substituent on the γ-aminobutyric acid moiety that targets the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit α2δ1. Here, to reveal the mirogabalin recognition mechanisms of α2δ1, we present structures of recombinant human α2δ1 with and without mirogabalin analyzed by cryo-electron microscopy. These structures show the binding of mirogabalin to the previously reported gabapentinoid binding site, which is the extracellular dCache_1 domain containing a conserved amino acid binding motif. A slight conformational change occurs around the residues positioned close to the hydrophobic group of mirogabalin. Mutagenesis binding assays identified that residues in the hydrophobic interaction region, in addition to several amino acid binding motif residues around the amino and carboxyl groups of mirogabalin, are critical for mirogabalin binding. The A215L mutation introduced to decrease the hydrophobic pocket volume predictably suppressed mirogabalin binding and promoted the binding of another ligand, L-Leu, with a smaller hydrophobic substituent than mirogabalin. Alterations of residues in the hydrophobic interaction region of α2δ1 to those of the α2δ2, α2δ3, and α2δ4 isoforms, of which α2δ3 and α2δ4 are gabapentin-insensitive, suppressed the binding of mirogabalin. These results support the importance of hydrophobic interactions in α2δ1 ligand recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kozai
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, 2-4-32 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan; Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan.
| | - Kouki Nishikawa
- CeSPIA Inc., 2-1-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Joint Research Course for Advanced Biomolecular Characterization, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kamegawa
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; CeSPIA Inc., 2-1-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Shohei Kawasaki
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Yoko Hiroaki
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, 2-4-32 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan.
| | - Katsumasa Irie
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Oshima
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Hanzawa
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Kousei Shimada
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Kitano
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; CeSPIA Inc., 2-1-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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25
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Structure of human Na V1.6 channel reveals Na + selectivity and pore blockade by 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1030. [PMID: 36823201 PMCID: PMC9950489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium channel NaV1.6 is widely expressed in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, which plays a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability. Dysfunction of NaV1.6 has been linked to epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability and movement disorders. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human NaV1.6/β1/β2 alone and complexed with a guanidinium neurotoxin 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin (4,9-ah-TTX), revealing molecular mechanism of NaV1.6 inhibition by the blocker. The apo-form structure reveals two potential Na+ binding sites within the selectivity filter, suggesting a possible mechanism for Na+ selectivity and conductance. In the 4,9-ah-TTX bound structure, 4,9-ah-TTX binds to a pocket similar to the tetrodotoxin (TTX) binding site, which occupies the Na+ binding sites and completely blocks the channel. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that subtle conformational differences in the selectivity filter affect the affinity of TTX analogues. Taken together, our results provide important insights into NaV1.6 structure, ion conductance, and inhibition.
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26
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Gao Y, Xu S, Cui X, Xu H, Qiu Y, Wei Y, Dong Y, Zhu B, Peng C, Liu S, Zhang XC, Sun J, Huang Z, Zhao Y. Molecular insights into the gating mechanisms of voltage-gated calcium channel Ca V2.3. Nat Commun 2023; 14:516. [PMID: 36720859 PMCID: PMC9889812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-voltage-activated R-type CaV2.3 channel plays pivotal roles in many physiological activities and is implicated in epilepsy, convulsions, and other neurodevelopmental impairments. Here, we determine the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human CaV2.3 in complex with the α2δ1 and β1 subunits. The VSDII is stabilized in the resting state. Electrophysiological experiments elucidate that the VSDII is not required for channel activation, whereas the other VSDs are essential for channel opening. The intracellular gate is blocked by the W-helix. A pre-W-helix adjacent to the W-helix can significantly regulate closed-state inactivation (CSI) by modulating the association and dissociation of the W-helix with the gate. Electrostatic interactions formed between the negatively charged domain on S6II, which is exclusively conserved in the CaV2 family, and nearby regions at the alpha-interacting domain (AID) and S4-S5II helix are identified. Further functional analyses indicate that these interactions are critical for the open-state inactivation (OSI) of CaV2 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Gao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yunlong Qiu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boling Zhu
- Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Cai Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China. .,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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27
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Harding EK, Souza IA, Gandini MA, Gadotti VM, Ali MY, Huang S, Antunes FTT, Trang T, Zamponi GW. Differential regulation of Ca v 3.2 and Ca v 2.2 calcium channels by CB 1 receptors and cannabidiol. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1616-1633. [PMID: 36647671 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabinoids are a promising therapeutic avenue for chronic pain. However, clinical trials often fail to report analgesic efficacy of cannabinoids. Inhibition of voltage gate calcium (Cav ) channels is one mechanism through which cannabinoids may produce analgesia. We hypothesized that cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor agonists target different types of Cav channels through distinct mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Electrophysiological recordings from tsA-201 cells expressing either Cav 3.2 or Cav 2.2 were used to assess inhibition by HU-210 or cannabidiol (CBD) in the absence and presence of the CB1 receptor. Homology modelling assessed potential interaction sites for CBD in both Cav 2.2 and Cav 3.2. Analgesic effects of CBD were assessed in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. KEY RESULTS HU-210 (1 μM) inhibited Cav 2.2 function in the presence of CB1 receptor but had no effect on Cav 3.2 regardless of co-expression of CB1 receptor. By contrast, CBD (3 μM) produced no inhibition of Cav 2.2 and instead inhibited Cav 3.2 independently of CB1 receptors. Homology modelling supported these findings, indicating that CBD binds to and occludes the pore of Cav 3.2, but not Cav 2.2. Intrathecal CBD alleviated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in both male and female mice, and this effect was absent in Cav 3.2 null mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings reveal differential modulation of Cav 2.2 and Cav 3.2 channels by CB1 receptors and CBD. This advances our understanding of how different cannabinoids produce analgesia through action at different voltage-gated calcium channels and could influence the development of novel cannabinoid-based therapeutics for treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Harding
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ivana A Souza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vinícius M Gadotti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Zymedyne Therapeutics, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Zymedyne Therapeutics, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sun Huang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Flavia T T Antunes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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28
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Folacci M, Estaran S, Ménard C, Bertaud A, Rousset M, Roussel J, Thibaud JB, Vignes M, Chavanieu A, Charnet P, Cens T. Functional Characterization of Four Known Cav2.1 Variants Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 36676903 PMCID: PMC9864995 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cav2.1 channels are expressed throughout the brain and are the predominant Ca2+ channels in the Purkinje cells. These cerebellar neurons fire spontaneously, and Cav2.1 channels are involved in the regular pacemaking activity. The loss of precision of the firing pattern of Purkinje cells leads to ataxia, a disorder characterized by poor balance and difficulties in performing coordinated movements. In this study, we aimed at characterizing functional and structural consequences of four variations (p.A405T in I-II loop and p.R1359W, p.R1667W and p.S1799L in IIIS4, IVS4, and IVS6 helices, respectively) identified in patients exhibiting a wide spectrum of disorders including ataxia symptoms. Functional analysis using two major Cav2.1 splice variants (Cav2.1+e47 and Cav2.1-e47) in Xenopus laevis oocytes, revealed a lack of effect upon A405T substitution and a significant loss-of-function caused by R1359W, whereas R1667W and S1799L caused both channel gain-of-function and loss-of-function, in a splice variant-dependent manner. Structural analysis revealed the loss of interactions with S1, S2, and S3 helices upon R1359W and R1667W substitutions, but a lack of obvious structural changes with S1799L. Computational modeling suggests that biophysical changes induced by Cav2.1 pathogenic mutations might affect action potential frequency in Purkinje cells.
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29
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Feng S, Pumroy RA, Protopopova AD, Moiseenkova‐Bell VY, Im W. Modulation of TRPV2 by endogenous and exogenous ligands: A computational study. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4490. [PMID: 36327382 PMCID: PMC9794027 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels play various important roles in human physiology. As membrane proteins, these channels are modulated by their endogenous lipid environment as the recent wealth of structural studies has revealed functional and structural lipid binding sites. Additionally, it has been shown that exogenous ligands can exchange with some of these lipids to alter channel gating. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to examine how one member of the TRPV family, TRPV2, interacts with endogenous lipids and the pharmacological modulator cannabidiol (CBD). By computationally reconstituting TRPV2 into a typical plasma membrane environment, which includes phospholipids, cholesterol, and phosphatidylinositol (PIP) in the inner leaflet, we showed that most of the interacting surface lipids are phospholipids without strong specificity for headgroup types. Intriguingly, we observed that the C-terminal membrane proximal region of the channel binds preferentially to PIP lipids. We also modelled two structural lipids in the simulation: one in the vanilloid pocket and the other in the voltage sensor-like domain (VSLD) pocket. The simulation shows that the VSLD lipid dampens the fluctuation of the VSLD residues, while the vanilloid lipid exhibits heterogeneity both in its binding pose and in its influence on protein dynamics. Addition of CBD to our simulation system led to an open selectivity filter and a structural rearrangement that includes a clockwise rotation of the ankyrin repeat domains, TRP helix, and VSLD. Together, these results reveal the interplay between endogenous lipids and an exogenous ligand and their effect on TRPV2 stability and channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Feng
- Departments of Biological SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruth A. Pumroy
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Anna D. Protopopova
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of BioengineeringLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
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30
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Dickson EJ. Role of Lysosomal Cholesterol in Regulating PI(4,5)P 2-Dependent Ion Channel Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:193-215. [PMID: 36988882 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are central regulators of cellular growth and signaling. Once considered the acidic garbage can of the cell, their ever-expanding repertoire of functions include the regulation of cell growth, gene regulation, metabolic signaling, cell migration, and cell death. In this chapter, we detail how another of the lysosome's crucial roles, cholesterol transport, plays a vital role in the control of ion channel function and neuronal excitability through its ability to influence the abundance of the plasma membrane signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). This chapter will introduce the biosynthetic pathways of cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2, discuss the molecular mechanisms through which each lipid distinctly regulates ion channels, and consider the interdependence of these lipids in the control of ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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31
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Manning D, Santana LF. Regulating voltage-gated ion channels with nanobodies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7557. [PMID: 36494383 PMCID: PMC9734093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Declan Manning
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA.
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32
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Yao X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Fan X, Wu D, Huang J, Mueller A, Gao S, Hu M, Robinson CV, Yu Y, Gao S, Yan N. Structures of the R-type human Ca v2.3 channel reveal conformational crosstalk of the intracellular segments. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7358. [PMID: 36446785 PMCID: PMC9708679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The R-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels Cav2.3, widely expressed in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, represent potential drug targets for pain, seizures, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Despite their physiological importance, there have lacked selective small-molecule inhibitors targeting these channels. High-resolution structures may aid rational drug design. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human Cav2.3 in complex with α2δ-1 and β3 subunits at an overall resolution of 3.1 Å. The structure is nearly identical to that of Cav2.2, with VSDII in the down state and the other three VSDs up. A phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) molecule binds to the interface of VSDII and the tightly closed pore domain. We also determined the cryo-EM structure of a Cav2.3 mutant in which a Cav2-unique cytosolic helix in repeat II (designated the CH2II helix) is deleted. This mutant, named ΔCH2, still reserves a down VSDII, but PIP2 is invisible and the juxtamembrane region on the cytosolic side is barely discernible. Our structural and electrophysiological characterizations of the wild type and ΔCH2 Cav2.3 show that the CH2II helix stabilizes the inactivated conformation of the channel by tightening the cytosolic juxtamembrane segments, while CH2II helix is not necessary for locking the down state of VSDII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yao
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Yan Wang
- grid.264091.80000 0001 1954 7928Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439 USA
| | - Zhifei Wang
- grid.264091.80000 0001 1954 7928Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439 USA
| | - Xiao Fan
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Di Wu
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Jian Huang
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Alexander Mueller
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Sarah Gao
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Miaohui Hu
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Yong Yu
- grid.264091.80000 0001 1954 7928Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439 USA
| | - Shuai Gao
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Present Address: Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Nieng Yan
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
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33
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Caminski ES, Antunes FTT, Souza IA, Dallegrave E, Zamponi GW. Regulation of N-type calcium channels by nociceptin receptors and its possible role in neurological disorders. Mol Brain 2022; 15:95. [PMID: 36434658 PMCID: PMC9700961 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of nociceptin opioid peptide receptors (NOP, a.k.a. opioid-like receptor-1, ORL-1) by the ligand nociceptin/orphanin FQ, leads to G protein-dependent regulation of Cav2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). This typically causes a reduction in calcium currents, triggering changes in presynaptic calcium levels and thus neurotransmission. Because of the widespread expression patterns of NOP and VGCCs across multiple brain regions, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and the dorsal root ganglia, this results in the alteration of numerous neurophysiological features. Here we review the regulation of N-type calcium channels by the NOP-nociceptin system in the context of neurological conditions such as anxiety, addiction, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Sistherenn Caminski
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Toxicology (LAPETOX), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Ivana Assis Souza
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Toxicology (LAPETOX), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Gerald W. Zamponi
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
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34
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Park CG, Yu W, Suh BC. Molecular basis of the PIP2-dependent regulation of CaV2.2 channel and its modulation by CaV β subunits. eLife 2022; 11:69500. [DOI: 10.7554/elife.69500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-voltage-activated Ca2+ (CaV) channels that adjust Ca2+ influx upon membrane depolarization are differentially regulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in an auxiliary CaV β subunit-dependent manner. However, the molecular mechanism by which the β subunits control the PIP2 sensitivity of CaV channels remains unclear. By engineering various α1B and β constructs in tsA-201 cells, we reported that at least two PIP2-binding sites, including the polybasic residues at the C-terminal end of I–II loop and the binding pocket in S4II domain, exist in the CaV2.2 channels. Moreover, they were distinctly engaged in the regulation of channel gating depending on the coupled CaV β2 subunits. The membrane-anchored β subunit abolished the PIP2 interaction of the phospholipid-binding site in the I–II loop, leading to lower PIP2 sensitivity of CaV2.2 channels. By contrast, PIP2 interacted with the basic residues in the S4II domain of CaV2.2 channels regardless of β2 isotype. Our data demonstrated that the anchoring properties of CaV β2 subunits to the plasma membrane determine the biophysical states of CaV2.2 channels by regulating PIP2 coupling to the nonspecific phospholipid-binding site in the I–II loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheon-Gyu Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
| | - Wookyung Yu
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
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35
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Targeting neuronal calcium channels and GSK3β for Alzheimer's disease with naturally-inspired Diels-Alder adducts. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106152. [PMID: 36155094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of neurodegenerative diseases, among which Alzheimer's disease plays a pivotal role, poses one of the tough therapeutic challenges of present time. In this perspective, a multitarget approach appears as a promising strategy to simultaneously interfere with different defective pathways. In this paper, a structural simplification plan was performed on our previously reported multipotent polycyclic compounds, in order to obtain a simpler pharmacophoric central core with improved pharmacokinetic properties, while maintaining the modulating activity on neuronal calcium channels and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3β), as validated targets to combat Alzheimer's disease. The molecular pruning approach applied here led to tetrahydroisoindole-dione (1), tetrahydromethanoisoindole-dione (2) and tetrahydroepoxyisoindole-dione (3) structures, easily affordable by Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Preliminary data indicated structure 3 as the most appropriate, thus a SAR study was performed by introducing different substituents, selected on the basis of the commercial availability of the furan derivatives required for the synthetic procedure. The results indicated compound 10 as a promising, structurally atypical, safe and BBB-penetrating Cav modulator, inhibiting both L- and N-calcium channels, likely responsible for the Ca2+ overload observed in Alzheimer's disease. In a multitarget perspective, compound 11 appeared as an effective prototype, endowed with improved Cav inhibitory activity, with respect to the reference drug nifedipine, and encouraging modulating activity on GSK-3β.
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36
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Unwinding and spiral sliding of S4 and domain rotation of VSD during the electromechanical coupling in Na v1.7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209164119. [PMID: 35878056 PMCID: PMC9388133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209164119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.7 has been targeted for pain management for its well-established role in pain sensation. Hundreds of mutations of Nav1.7 have been found in patients with pain disorders. Structures of Nav1.7 captured in different conformations will reveal its working mechanism and facilitate drug discovery. Here we present the rational design of a Nav1.7 variant, Nav1.7-M11, that may be trapped in the closed-state inactivation conformation at 0 mV. Cryoelectron microscopy analysis of Nav1.7-M11 reveals voltage-sensing domain in the first repeat (VSDI) in the completely down conformation, VSDII at an intermediate state, and the pore domain tightly closed. Structural comparison of Nav1.7-M11 with the WT channel provides unprecedented insight into the electromechanical coupling details and affords mechanistic interpretation for a number of pain-related mutations. Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel Nav1.7 has been targeted for the development of nonaddictive pain killers. Structures of Nav1.7 in distinct functional states will offer an advanced mechanistic understanding and aid drug discovery. Here we report the cryoelectron microscopy analysis of a human Nav1.7 variant that, with 11 rationally introduced point mutations, has a markedly right-shifted activation voltage curve with V1/2 reaching 69 mV. The voltage-sensing domain in the first repeat (VSDI) in a 2.7-Å resolution structure displays a completely down (deactivated) conformation. Compared to the structure of WT Nav1.7, three gating charge (GC) residues in VSDI are transferred to the cytosolic side through a combination of helix unwinding and spiral sliding of S4I and ∼20° domain rotation. A conserved WNФФD motif on the cytoplasmic end of S3I stabilizes the down conformation of VSDI. One GC residue is transferred in VSDII mainly through helix sliding. Accompanying GC transfer in VSDI and VSDII, rearrangement and contraction of the intracellular gate is achieved through concerted movements of adjacent segments, including S4-5I, S4-5II, S5II, and all S6 segments. Our studies provide important insight into the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the single-chain voltage-gated ion channels and afford molecular interpretations for a number of pain-associated mutations whose pathogenic mechanism cannot be revealed from previously reported Nav structures.
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37
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Svenson J, Molchanova N, Schroeder CI. Antimicrobial Peptide Mimics for Clinical Use: Does Size Matter? Front Immunol 2022; 13:915368. [PMID: 35720375 PMCID: PMC9204644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for efficient antimicrobial therapies that can alleviate suffering caused by infections from resistant bacteria is more urgent than ever before. Infections caused by multi-resistant pathogens represent a significant and increasing burden to healthcare and society and researcher are investigating new classes of bioactive compounds to slow down this development. Antimicrobial peptides from the innate immune system represent one promising class that offers a potential solution to the antibiotic resistance problem due to their mode of action on the microbial membranes. However, challenges associated with pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and off-target toxicity are slowing down the advancement and use of innate defensive peptides. Improving the therapeutic properties of these peptides is a strategy for reducing the clinical limitations and synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides are emerging as a promising class of molecules for a variety of antimicrobial applications. These compounds can be made significantly shorter while maintaining, or even improving antimicrobial properties, and several downsized synthetic mimics are now in clinical development for a range of infectious diseases. A variety of strategies can be employed to prepare these small compounds and this review describes the different compounds developed to date by adhering to a minimum pharmacophore based on an amphiphilic balance between cationic charge and hydrophobicity. These compounds can be made as small as dipeptides, circumventing the need for large compounds with elaborate three-dimensional structures to generate simplified and potent antimicrobial mimics for a range of medical applications. This review highlight key and recent development in the field of small antimicrobial peptide mimics as a promising class of antimicrobials, illustrating just how small you can go.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Molchanova
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Christina I. Schroeder
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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38
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Wang S, Bartels P, Zhao C, Yousuf A, Liu Z, Yu S, Bony AR, Ma X, Dai Q, Sun T, Liu N, Yang M, Yu R, Du W, Adams DJ, Dai Q. A 4/8 Subtype α-Conotoxin Vt1.27 Inhibits N-Type Calcium Channels With Potent Anti-Allodynic Effect. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:881732. [PMID: 35754473 PMCID: PMC9230573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.881732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel 4/8 subtype α-conotoxin, Vt1.27 (NCCMFHTCPIDYSRFNC-NH2), was identified from Conus vitulinus in the South China Sea by RACE methods. The peptide was synthesized and structurally characterized. Similar to other α-conotoxins that target neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, Vt1.27 inhibited the rat α3β2 nAChR subtype (IC50 = 1160 nM) and was inactive at voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels in rat sensory neurons. However, Vt1.27 inhibited high voltage-activated N-type (CaV2.2) calcium channels expressed in HEK293T cells with an IC50 of 398 nM. An alanine scan of the peptide showed that residues Phe5, Pro9, Ile10, and Ser13 contribute significantly to the inhibitory activity of Vt1.27. The molecular dockings indicate that Vt1.27 inhibits the transmembrane region of CaV2.2, which is different from that of ω-conotoxins. Furthermore, Vt1.27 exhibited potent anti-allodynic effect in rat partial sciatic nerve injury (PNL) and chronic constriction injury (CCI) pain models at 10 nmol/kg level with the intramuscular injection. The pain threshold elevation of Vt1.27 groups was higher than that of α-conotoxin Vc1.1 in CCI rat models. These findings expand our knowledge of targets of α-conotoxins and potentially provide a potent, anti-allodynic peptide for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Bartels
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Cong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Arsalan Yousuf
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhuguo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Anuja R. Bony
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Dai
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengke Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuyun Dai, ; David J. Adams, ; Weihong Du,
| | - David J. Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Qiuyun Dai, ; David J. Adams, ; Weihong Du,
| | - Qiuyun Dai
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuyun Dai, ; David J. Adams, ; Weihong Du,
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39
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Structural basis for pore blockade of human voltage-gated calcium channel Ca v1.3 by motion sickness drug cinnarizine. Cell Res 2022; 32:946-948. [PMID: 35477996 PMCID: PMC9525318 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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40
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He L, Yu Z, Geng Z, Huang Z, Zhang C, Dong Y, Gao Y, Wang Y, Chen Q, Sun L, Ma X, Huang B, Wang X, Zhao Y. Structure, gating, and pharmacology of human Ca V3.3 channel. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2084. [PMID: 35440630 PMCID: PMC9019099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-voltage activated T-type calcium channels regulate cellular excitability and oscillatory behavior of resting membrane potential which trigger many physiological events and have been implicated with many diseases. Here, we determine structures of the human T-type CaV3.3 channel, in the absence and presence of antihypertensive drug mibefradil, antispasmodic drug otilonium bromide and antipsychotic drug pimozide. CaV3.3 contains a long bended S6 helix from domain III, with a positive charged region protruding into the cytosol, which is critical for T-type CaV channel activation at low voltage. The drug-bound structures clearly illustrate how these structurally different compounds bind to the same central cavity inside the CaV3.3 channel, but are mediated by significantly distinct interactions between drugs and their surrounding residues. Phospholipid molecules penetrate into the central cavity in various extent to shape the binding pocket and play important roles in stabilizing the inhibitor. These structures elucidate mechanisms of channel gating, drug recognition, and actions, thus pointing the way to developing potent and subtype-specific drug for therapeutic treatments of related disorders. T-type calcium channels are implicated in many diseases. Here, multiple structures of CaV3.3 channel elucidate molecular mechanisms of T-type CaV channels activation at low voltage and interaction with different clinically used channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli He
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuoya Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ze Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yiwei Gao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qihao Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Le Sun
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Huang
- StoneWise Ltd., 1708, Block B, No.19 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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41
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Wisedchaisri G, Gamal El-Din TM. Druggability of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels-Exploring Old and New Drug Receptor Sites. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858348. [PMID: 35370700 PMCID: PMC8968173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels are important drug targets because they play crucial physiological roles in both excitable and non-excitable cells. About 15% of clinical drugs used for treating human diseases target ion channels. However, most of these drugs do not provide sufficient specificity to a single subtype of the channels and their off-target side effects can be serious and sometimes fatal. Recent advancements in imaging techniques have enabled us for the first time to visualize unique and hidden parts of voltage-gated sodium channels in different structural conformations, and to develop drugs that further target a selected functional state in each channel subtype with the potential for high precision and low toxicity. In this review we describe the druggability of voltage-gated sodium channels in distinct functional states, which could potentially be used to selectively target the channels. We review classical drug receptors in the channels that have recently been structurally characterized by cryo-electron microscopy with natural neurotoxins and clinical drugs. We further examine recent drug discoveries for voltage-gated sodium channels and discuss opportunities to use distinct, state-dependent receptor sites in the voltage sensors as unique drug targets. Finally, we explore potential new receptor sites that are currently unknown for sodium channels but may be valuable for future drug discovery. The advancement presented here will help pave the way for drug development that selectively targets voltage-gated sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goragot Wisedchaisri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tamer M Gamal El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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