1
|
Chesnokova V, Zonis S, Apaydin T, Barrett R, Melmed S. Non-pituitary growth hormone enables colon cell senescence evasion. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14193. [PMID: 38724466 PMCID: PMC11320355 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage-induced senescence is initially sustained by p53. Senescent cells produce a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that impacts the aging microenvironment, often promoting cell transformation. Employing normal non-tumorous human colon cells (hNCC) derived from surgical biopsies and three-dimensional human intestinal organoids, we show that local non-pituitary growth hormone (npGH) induced in senescent cells is a SASP component acting to suppress p53. npGH autocrine/paracrine suppression of p53 results in senescence evasion and cell-cycle reentry, as evidenced by increased Ki67 and BrdU incorporation. Post-senescent cells exhibit activated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased cell motility. Nu/J mice harboring GH-secreting HCT116 xenografts with resultant high GH levels and injected intrasplenic with post-senescent hNCC developed fourfold more metastases than did mice harboring control xenografts, suggesting that paracrine npGH enables post-senescent cell transformation. By contrast, senescent cells with suppressed npGH exhibit downregulated Ki67 and decreased soft agar colony formation. Mechanisms underlying these observations include npGH induction by the SASP chemokine CXCL1, which attracts immune effectors to eliminate senescent cells; GH, in turn, suppresses CXCL1, likely by inhibiting phospho-NFκB, resulting in SASP cytokine downregulation. Consistent with these findings, GH-receptor knockout mice exhibited increased colon phospho-NFκB and CXCL1, while GH excess decreased colon CXCL1. The results elucidate mechanisms for local hormonal regulation of microenvironmental changes in DNA-damaged non-tumorous epithelial cells and portray a heretofore unappreciated GH action favoring age-associated epithelial cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Chesnokova
- Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Svetlana Zonis
- Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tugce Apaydin
- Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert Barrett
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine InstituteCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jothi D, Kulka LAM. Strategies for modeling aging and age-related diseases. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38987252 PMCID: PMC11237002 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability to reprogram patient-derived-somatic cells to IPSCs (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells) has led to a better understanding of aging and age-related diseases like Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. The established patient-derived disease models mimic disease pathology and can be used to design drugs for aging and age-related diseases. However, the age and genetic mutations of the donor cells, the employed reprogramming, and the differentiation protocol might often pose challenges in establishing an appropriate disease model. In this review, we will focus on the various strategies for the successful reprogramming and differentiation of patient-derived cells to disease models for aging and age-related diseases, emphasizing the accuracy in the recapitulation of disease pathology and ways to overcome the limitations of its potential application in cell replacement therapy and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Jothi
- Department of Biochemistry II, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Basu R, Kulkarni P, Swegan D, Duran-Ortiz S, Ahmad A, Caggiano LJ, Davis E, Walsh C, Brenya E, Koshal A, Brody R, Sandbhor U, Neggers SJCMM, Kopchick JJ. Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Markedly Improves Gemcitabine Response in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7438. [PMID: 39000545 PMCID: PMC11242728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy treatment against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is thwarted by tumoral activation of multiple therapy resistance pathways. The growth hormone (GH)-GH receptor (GHR) pair is a covert driver of multimodal therapy resistance in cancer and is overexpressed in PDAC tumors, yet the therapeutic potential of targeting the same has not been explored. Here, we report that GHR expression is a negative prognostic factor in patients with PDAC. Combinations of gemcitabine with different GHR antagonists (GHRAs) markedly improve therapeutic outcomes in nude mice xenografts. Employing cultured cells, mouse xenografts, and analyses of the human PDAC transcriptome, we identified that attenuation of the multidrug transporter and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition programs in the tumors underlie the observed augmentation of chemotherapy efficacy by GHRAs. Moreover, in human PDAC patients, GHR expression strongly correlates with a gene signature of tumor promotion and immune evasion, which corroborate with that in syngeneic tumors in wild-type vs. GH transgenic mice. Overall, we found that GH action in PDAC promoted a therapy-refractory gene signature in vivo, which can be effectively attenuated by GHR antagonism. Our results collectively present a proof of concept toward considering GHR antagonists to improve chemotherapeutic outcomes in the highly chemoresistant PDAC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Gemcitabine
- Humans
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Mice
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Receptors, Somatotropin/metabolism
- Receptors, Somatotropin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Somatotropin/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mice, Nude
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Female
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Deborah Swegan
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
| | - Arshad Ahmad
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Lydia J. Caggiano
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Christopher Walsh
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Edward Brenya
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Adeel Koshal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Rich Brody
- InfinixBio LLC, Columbus, OH 43212, USA; (R.B.); (U.S.)
| | - Uday Sandbhor
- InfinixBio LLC, Columbus, OH 43212, USA; (R.B.); (U.S.)
| | | | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (R.B.); (P.K.); (D.S.); (S.D.-O.); (A.A.); (L.J.C.); (E.D.); (C.W.); (E.B.)
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pitrez PR, Monteiro LM, Borgogno O, Nissan X, Mertens J, Ferreira L. Cellular reprogramming as a tool to model human aging in a dish. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1816. [PMID: 38418829 PMCID: PMC10902382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The design of human model systems is highly relevant to unveil the underlying mechanisms of aging and to provide insights on potential interventions to extend human health and life span. In this perspective, we explore the potential of 2D or 3D culture models comprising human induced pluripotent stem cells and transdifferentiated cells obtained from aged or age-related disorder-affected donors to enhance our understanding of human aging and to catalyze the discovery of anti-aging interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Pitrez
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis M Monteiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Oliver Borgogno
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier Nissan
- CECS, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic diseases, Evry cedex, France
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grimberg A, Hawkes CP. Growth Hormone Treatment for Non-GHD Disorders: Excitement Tempered by Biology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e442-e454. [PMID: 37450564 PMCID: PMC10795916 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The success of growth hormone (GH) replacement in children with classical GH deficiency has led to excitement that other causes of short stature may benefit similarly. However, clinical experience has shown less consistent and generally less dramatic effects on adult height, perhaps not surprising in light of increased understanding of GH and growth plate biology. Nonetheless, clinical demand for GH treatment continues to grow. Upon the 20th anniversary of the US Food and Drug Administration's approval of GH treatment for idiopathic short stature, this review will consider the factors underlying the expansion of GH treatment, the biological mechanisms of GH action, the non-GH-deficient uses of GH as a height-promoting agent, biological constraints to GH action, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adda Grimberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Colin P Hawkes
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 DC4A, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork T12 R229, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonzalez-Meljem JM, Martinez-Barbera JP. Implications of cellular senescence in paediatric pituitary tumours. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104905. [PMID: 38043401 PMCID: PMC10730348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-standing view of senescent cells as passive and dysfunctional biological remnants has recently shifted into a new paradigm where they are main players in the development of many diseases, including cancer. The senescence programme represents a first line of defence that prevents tumour cell growth but also leads to the secretion of multiple pro-inflammatory and pro-tumourigenic factors that fuel tumour initiation, growth, and progression. Here, we review the main molecular features and biological functions of senescent cells in cancer, including the outcomes of inducing or targeting senescence. We discuss evidence on the role of cellular senescence in pituitary tumours, with an emphasis on adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) and pituitary adenomas. Although senescence has been proposed to be a tumour-preventing mechanism in pituitary adenomas, research in ACP has shown that senescent cells are tumour-promoting in both murine models and human tumours. Future studies characterizing the impact of targeting senescent cells may result in novel therapies against pituitary tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Apaydin T, Zonis S, Zhou C, Valencia CW, Barrett R, Strous GJ, Mol JA, Chesnokova V, Melmed S. WIP1 is a novel specific target for growth hormone action. iScience 2023; 26:108117. [PMID: 37876819 PMCID: PMC10590974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) is mediated by phosphorylating effectors ATM kinase, CHK2, p53, and γH2AX. We showed earlier that GH suppresses DDR by suppressing pATM, resulting in DNA damage accumulation. Here, we show GH acting through GH receptor (GHR) inducing wild-type p53-inducible phosphatase 1 (WIP1), which dephosphorylated ATM and its effectors in normal human colon cells and three-dimensional human intestinal organoids. Mice bearing GH-secreting xenografts exhibited induced colon WIP1 with suppressed pATM and γH2AX. WIP1 was also induced in buffy coats derived from patients with elevated GH from somatotroph adenomas. In contrast, decreased colon WIP1 was observed in GHR-/- mice. WIP1 inhibition restored ATM phosphorylation and reversed GH-induced DNA damage. We elucidated a novel GH signaling pathway activating Src/AMPK to trigger HIPK2 nuclear-cytoplasmic relocation and suppressing WIP1 ubiquitination. Concordantly, blocking either AMPK or Src abolished GH-induced WIP1. We identify WIP1 as a specific target for GH-mediated epithelial DNA damage accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Apaydin
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Svetlana Zonis
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cuiqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian Wong Valencia
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Barrett
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ger J. Strous
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Chesnokova
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Basu R, Brody R, Sandbhor U, Kulkarni P, Davis E, Swegan D, Caggiano LJ, Brenya E, Neggers S, Kopchick JJ. Structure and function of a dual antagonist of the human growth hormone and prolactin receptors with site-specific PEG conjugates. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105030. [PMID: 37442239 PMCID: PMC10410519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human growth hormone (hGH) is a pituitary-derived endocrine protein that regulates several critical postnatal physiologic processes including growth, organ development, and metabolism. Following adulthood, GH is also a regulator of multiple pathologies like fibrosis, cancer, and diabetes. Therefore, there is a significant pharmaceutical interest in developing antagonists of hGH action. Currently, there is a single FDA-approved antagonist of the hGH receptor (hGHR) prescribed for treating patients with acromegaly and discovered in our laboratory almost 3 decades ago. Here, we present the first data on the structure and function of a new set of protein antagonists with the full range of hGH actions-dual antagonists of hGH binding to the GHR as well as that of hGH binding to the prolactin receptor. We describe the site-specific PEG conjugation, purification, and subsequent characterization using MALDI-TOF, size-exclusion chromatography, thermostability, and biochemical activity in terms of ELISA-based binding affinities with GHR and prolactin receptor. Moreover, these novel hGHR antagonists display distinct antagonism of GH-induced GHR intracellular signaling in vitro and marked reduction in hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 output in vivo. Lastly, we observed potent anticancer biological efficacies of these novel hGHR antagonists against human cancer cell lines. In conclusion, we propose that these new GHR antagonists have potential for development towards multiple clinical applications related to GH-associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Deborah Swegan
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Lydia J Caggiano
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward Brenya
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Sebastian Neggers
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Poudel SB, Ruff RR, Yildirim G, Dixit M, Michot B, Gibbs JL, Ortiz SD, Kopchick JJ, Kirsch T, Yakar S. Excess Growth Hormone Triggers Inflammation-Associated Arthropathy, Subchondral Bone Loss, and Arthralgia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:829-842. [PMID: 36870529 PMCID: PMC10284029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a key mediator of skeletal growth. In humans, excess GH secretion due to pituitary adenoma, seen in patients with acromegaly, results in severe arthropathies. This study investigated the effects of long-term excess GH on the knee joint tissues. One year-old wild-type (WT) and bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice were used as a model for excess GH. bGH mice showed increased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli, compared with WT mice. Micro-computed tomography analyses of the distal femur subchondral bone revealed significant reductions in trabecular thickness and significantly reduced bone mineral density of the tibial subchondral bone-plate associated with increased osteoclast activity in both male and female bGH compared with WT mice. bGH mice showed severe loss of matrix from the articular cartilage, osteophytosis, synovitis, and ectopic chondrogenesis. Articular cartilage loss in the bGH mice was associated with elevated markers of inflammation and chondrocyte hypertrophy. Finally, hyperplasia of synovial cells was associated with increased expression of Ki-67 and diminished p53 levels in the synovium of bGH mice. Unlike the low-grade inflammation seen in primary osteoarthritis, arthropathy caused by excess GH affects all joint tissues and triggers severe inflammatory response. Data from this study suggest that treatment of acromegalic arthropathy should involve inhibition of ectopic chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sher B Poudel
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Ryan R Ruff
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Gozde Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Benoit Michot
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L Gibbs
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Silvana D Ortiz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - John J Kopchick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Thorsten Kirsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan J, Pernicova I, Nisar K, Korbonits M. Mechanisms of ageing: growth hormone, dietary restriction, and metformin. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:261-281. [PMID: 36848915 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Tackling the mechanisms underlying ageing is desirable to help to extend the duration and improve the quality of life. Life extension has been achieved in animal models by suppressing the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis and also via dietary restriction. Metformin has become the focus of increased interest as a possible anti-ageing drug. There is some overlap in the postulated mechanisms of how these three approaches could produce anti-ageing effects, with convergence on common downstream pathways. In this Review, we draw on evidence from both animal models and human studies to assess the effects of suppression of the growth hormone-IGF-1 axis, dietary restriction, and metformin on ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jansher Khan
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ida Pernicova
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kiran Nisar
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lechuga S, Braga-Neto MB, Naydenov NG, Rieder F, Ivanov AI. Understanding disruption of the gut barrier during inflammation: Should we abandon traditional epithelial cell lines and switch to intestinal organoids? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108289. [PMID: 36875103 PMCID: PMC9983034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier is a hallmark of mucosal inflammation. It increases exposure of the immune system to luminal microbes, triggering a perpetuating inflammatory response. For several decades, the inflammatory stimuli-induced breakdown of the human gut barrier was studied in vitro by using colon cancer derived epithelial cell lines. While providing a wealth of important data, these cell lines do not completely mimic the morphology and function of normal human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) due to cancer-related chromosomal abnormalities and oncogenic mutations. The development of human intestinal organoids provided a physiologically-relevant experimental platform to study homeostatic regulation and disease-dependent dysfunctions of the intestinal epithelial barrier. There is need to align and integrate the emerging data obtained with intestinal organoids and classical studies that utilized colon cancer cell lines. This review discusses the utilization of human intestinal organoids to dissect the roles and mechanisms of gut barrier disruption during mucosal inflammation. We summarize available data generated with two major types of organoids derived from either intestinal crypts or induced pluripotent stem cells and compare them to the results of earlier studies with conventional cell lines. We identify research areas where the complementary use of colon cancer-derived cell lines and organoids advance our understanding of epithelial barrier dysfunctions in the inflamed gut and identify unique questions that could be addressed only by using the intestinal organoid platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kopchick JJ, Basu R, Berryman DE, Jorgensen JOL, Johannsson G, Puri V. Covert actions of growth hormone: fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:558-573. [PMID: 35750929 PMCID: PMC9703363 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery nearly a century ago, over 100,000 studies of growth hormone (GH) have investigated its structure, how it interacts with the GH receptor and its multiple actions. These include effects on growth, substrate metabolism, body composition, bone mineral density, the cardiovascular system and brain function, among many others. Recombinant human GH is approved for use to promote growth in children with GH deficiency (GHD), along with several additional clinical indications. Studies of humans and animals with altered levels of GH, from complete or partial GHD to GH excess, have revealed several covert or hidden actions of GH, such as effects on fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer. In this Review, we do not concentrate on the classic and controversial indications for GH therapy, nor do we cover all covert actions of GH. Instead, we stress the importance of the relationship between GH and fibrosis, and how fibrosis (or lack thereof) might be an emerging factor in both cardiovascular and cancer pathologies. We highlight clinical data from patients with acromegaly or GHD, alongside data from cellular and animal studies, to reveal novel phenotypes and molecular pathways responsible for these actions of GH in fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Kopchick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jens O L Jorgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Basu R, Qian Y, Mathes S, Terry J, Arnett N, Riddell T, Stevens A, Funk K, Bell S, Bokal Z, Batten C, Smith C, Mendez-Gibson I, Duran-Ortiz S, Lach G, Mora-Criollo PA, Kulkarni P, Davis E, Teaford E, Berryman DE, List EO, Neggers S, Kopchick JJ. Growth hormone receptor antagonism downregulates ATP-binding cassette transporters contributing to improved drug efficacy against melanoma and hepatocarcinoma in vivo. Front Oncol 2022; 12:936145. [PMID: 35865483 PMCID: PMC9296106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Knockdown of GH receptor (GHR) in melanoma cells in vitro downregulates ATP-binding cassette-containing (ABC) transporters and sensitizes them to anti-cancer drug treatments. Here we aimed to determine whether a GHR antagonist (GHRA) could control cancer growth by sensitizing tumors to therapy through downregulation of ABC transporters in vivo. We intradermally inoculated Fluc-B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells into GHA mice, transgenic for a GHR antagonist (GHRA), and observed a marked reduction in tumor size, mass and tumoral GH signaling. Moreover, constitutive GHRA production in the transgenic mice significantly improved the response to cisplatin treatment by suppressing expression of multiple ABC transporters and sensitizing the tumors to the drug. We confirmed that presence of a GHRA and not a mere absence of GH is essential for this chemo-sensitizing effect using Fluc-B16-F10 allografts in GH knockout (GHKO) mice, where tumor growth was reduced relative to that in GH-sufficient controls but did not sensitize the tumor to cisplatin. We extended our investigation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using human HCC cells in vitro and a syngeneic mouse model of HCC with Hepa1-6 allografts in GHA mice. Gene expression analyses and drug-efflux assays confirm that blocking GH significantly suppresses the levels of ABC transporters and improves the efficacy of sorafenib towards almost complete tumor clearance. Human patient data for melanoma and HCC show that GHR RNA levels correlate with ABC transporter expression. Collectively, our results validate in vivo that combination of a GHRA with currently available anti-cancer therapies can be effective in attacking cancer drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Samuel Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Joseph Terry
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Nathan Arnett
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Trent Riddell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Austin Stevens
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Kevin Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Stephen Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Zac Bokal
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Courtney Batten
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Cole Smith
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Grace Lach
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | | | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Teaford
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Edward O. List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Sebastian Neggers
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Translational Biological Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: John J. Kopchick,
| |
Collapse
|