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Caspani G, Ruffell SGD, Tsang W, Netzband N, Rohani-Shukla C, Swann JR, Jefferies WA. Mind over matter: the microbial mindscapes of psychedelics and the gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107338. [PMID: 39111558 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Psychedelics have emerged as promising therapeutics for several psychiatric disorders. Hypotheses around their mechanisms have revolved around their partial agonism at the serotonin 2 A receptor, leading to enhanced neuroplasticity and brain connectivity changes that underlie positive mindset shifts. However, these accounts fail to recognise that the gut microbiota, acting via the gut-brain axis, may also have a role in mediating the positive effects of psychedelics on behaviour. In this review, we present existing evidence that the composition of the gut microbiota may be responsive to psychedelic drugs, and in turn, that the effect of psychedelics could be modulated by microbial metabolism. We discuss various alternative mechanistic models and emphasize the importance of incorporating hypotheses that address the contributions of the microbiome in future research. Awareness of the microbial contribution to psychedelic action has the potential to significantly shape clinical practice, for example, by allowing personalised psychedelic therapies based on the heterogeneity of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Caspani
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, East Mall, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Simon G D Ruffell
- Psychae Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - WaiFung Tsang
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King'sCollege London, Department of Psychology, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Nigel Netzband
- University of West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Cyrus Rohani-Shukla
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, 12 University Rd, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, East Mall, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Zhao R. Can exercise benefits be harnessed with drugs? A new way to combat neurodegenerative diseases by boosting neurogenesis. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:36. [PMID: 39049102 PMCID: PMC11271207 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is affected by multiple factors, such as enriched environment, exercise, ageing, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders can impair AHN, leading to progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Compelling evidence suggests that individuals engaged in regular exercise exhibit higher production of proteins that are essential for AHN and memory. Interestingly, specific molecules that mediate the effects of exercise have shown effectiveness in promoting AHN and cognition in different transgenic animal models. Despite these advancements, the precise mechanisms by which exercise mimetics induce AHN remain partially understood. Recently, some novel exercise molecules have been tested and the underlying mechanisms have been proposed, involving intercommunications between multiple organs such as muscle-brain crosstalk, liver-brain crosstalk, and gut-brain crosstalk. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence regarding the effects and potential mechanisms of exercise mimetics on AHN and cognition in various neurological disorders. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, 88 South Daxue Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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3
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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated with Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:796. [PMID: 39062245 PMCID: PMC11275248 DOI: 10.3390/children11070796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The formation of the human gut microbiome initiates in utero, and its maturation is established during the first 2-3 years of life. Numerous factors alter the composition of the gut microbiome and its functions, including mode of delivery, early onset of breastfeeding, exposure to antibiotics and chemicals, and maternal stress, among others. The gut microbiome-brain axis refers to the interconnection of biological networks that allow bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts are actively implicated in the regulation of the early brain development. Any disturbance during this stage may adversely affect brain functions, resulting in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). In the present study, we reviewed recent evidence regarding the impact of the gut microbiome on early brain development, alongside its correlation with significant NDDs, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and genetic NDDs (Rett, Down, Angelman, and Turner syndromes). Understanding changes in the gut microbiome in NDDs may provide new chances for their treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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4
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Nicolas S, Dohm-Hansen S, Lavelle A, Bastiaanssen TFS, English JA, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Exercise mitigates a gut microbiota-mediated reduction in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and associated behaviours in rats. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:195. [PMID: 38658547 PMCID: PMC11043361 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, especially exercise, impact the manifestation and progression of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Alzheimer's disease, mediated by changes in hippocampal neuroplasticity. The beneficial effects of exercise may be due to its promotion of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Gut microbiota has also been showed to be altered in a variety of brain disorders, and disturbances of the microbiota have resulted in alterations in brain and behaviour. However, whether exercise can counteract the negative effects of altered gut microbiota on brain function remains under explored. To this end, chronic disruption of the gut microbiota was achieved using an antibiotic cocktail in rats that were sedentary or allowed voluntary access to running wheels. Sedentary rats with disrupted microbiota displayed impaired performance in hippocampal neurogenesis-dependent tasks: the modified spontaneous location recognition task and the novelty suppressed feeding test. Performance in the elevated plus maze was also impaired due to antibiotics treatment. These behaviours, and an antibiotics-induced reduction in AHN were attenuated by voluntary exercise. The effects were independent of changes in the hippocampal metabolome but were paralleled by caecal metabolomic changes. Taken together these data highlight the importance of the gut microbiota in AHN-dependent behaviours and demonstrate the power of lifestyle factors such as voluntary exercise to attenuate these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Dohm-Hansen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jane A English
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Shmal D, Mantero G, Floss T, Benfenati F, Maya-Vetencourt JF. Restoring vision in adult amblyopia by enhancing plasticity through deletion of the transcriptional repressor REST. iScience 2024; 27:109507. [PMID: 38591011 PMCID: PMC11000024 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual cortical plasticity is high during early life, but gradually decreases with development. This is due to the Otx2-driven maturation of intracortical inhibition that parallels the condensation of extracellular matrix components into perineuronal nets mainly around parvalbumin-positive GABAergic neurons. Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription (REST) epigenetically controls the expression of a plethora of neuron-specific genes. We demonstrate that the conditional knockout of REST in the primary visual cortex of adult mice induces a shift of ocular dominance after short-term monocular deprivation and promotes the recovery of vision in long-term deprived animals after reverse suture. These phenomena paralleled a reduction of perineuronal net density and increased expression of REST target genes, but not of the homeoprotein Otx2 in the visual cortex contralateral to the deprived eye. This shows that REST regulates adult visual cortical plasticity and is a potential therapeutic target to restore vision in adult amblyopia by enhancing V1 plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Shmal
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Mantero
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Thomas Floss
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - José Fernando Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Borghi E, Xynomilakis O, Ottaviano E, Ceccarani C, Viganò I, Tognini P, Vignoli A. Gut microbiota profile in CDKL5 deficiency disorder patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7376. [PMID: 38548767 PMCID: PMC10978852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by global developmental delay, early-onset seizures, intellectual disability, visual and motor impairments. Unlike Rett Syndrome (RTT), CDD lacks a clear regression period. Patients with CDD frequently encounter gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances and exhibit signs of subclinical immune dysregulation. However, the underlying causes of these conditions remain elusive. Emerging studies indicate a potential connection between neurological disorders and gut microbiota, an area completely unexplored in CDD. We conducted a pioneering study, analyzing fecal microbiota composition in individuals with CDD (n = 17) and their healthy relatives (n = 17). Notably, differences in intestinal bacterial diversity and composition were identified in CDD patients. In particular, at genus level, CDD microbial communities were characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of Clostridium_AQ, Eggerthella, Streptococcus, and Erysipelatoclostridium, and by a decrease in Eubacterium, Dorea, Odoribacter, Intestinomonas, and Gemmiger, pointing toward a dysbiotic profile. We further investigated microbiota changes based on the severity of GI issues, seizure frequency, sleep disorders, food intake type, impairment in neuro-behavioral features and ambulation capacity. Enrichment in Lachnoclostridium and Enterobacteriaceae was observed in the microbiota of patients with more severe GI symptoms, while Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae were enriched in patients experiencing daily epileptic seizures. Our findings suggest a potential connection between CDD, microbiota and symptom severity. This study marks the first exploration of the gut-microbiota-brain axis in subjects with CDD. It adds to the growing body of research emphasizing the role of the gut microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders and opens doors to potential interventions that target intestinal microbes with the aim of improving the lives of patients with CDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ornella Xynomilakis
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Ceccarani
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Viganò
- Epilepsy Center-Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Tognini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Childhood and Adolescence Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Reyes-Lizaola S, Luna-Zarate U, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Morales-Medina JC, Flores G. Structural and biochemical alterations in dendritic spines as key mechanisms for severe mental illnesses. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110876. [PMID: 37863171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI) collectively affect approximately 20% of the global population, as estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite having diverse etiologies, clinical symptoms, and pharmacotherapies, these diseases share a common pathophysiological characteristic: the misconnection of brain areas involved in reality perception, executive control, and cognition, including the corticolimbic system. Dendritic spines play a crucial role in excitatory neurotransmission within the central nervous system. These small structures exhibit remarkable plasticity, regulated by factors such as neurotransmitter tone, neurotrophic factors, and innate immunity-related molecules, and other mechanisms - all of which are associated with the pathophysiology of SMI. However, studying dendritic spine mechanisms in both healthy and pathological conditions in patients is fraught with technical limitations. This is where animal models related to these diseases become indispensable. They have played a pivotal role in elucidating the significance of dendritic spines in SMI. In this review, the information regarding the potential role of dendritic spines in SMI was summarized, drawing from clinical and animal model reports. Also, the implications of targeting dendritic spine-related molecules for SMI treatment were explored. Specifically, our focus is on major depressive disorder and the neurodevelopmental disorders schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Abundant clinical and basic research has studied the functional and structural plasticity of dendritic spines in these diseases, along with potential pharmacological targets that modulate the dynamics of these structures. These targets may be associated with the clinical efficacy of the pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reyes-Lizaola
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad Popular del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ulises Luna-Zarate
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
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Hu Y, Tao W. Current perspectives on microglia-neuron communication in the central nervous system: Direct and indirect modes of interaction. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00006-7. [PMID: 38195039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incessant communication that takes place between microglia and neurons is essential the development, maintenance, and pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS). As mobile phagocytic cells, microglia serve a critical role in surveilling and scavenging the neuronal milieu to uphold homeostasis. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to discuss the various mechanisms that govern the interaction between microglia and neurons, from the molecular to the organ system level, and to highlight the importance of these interactions in the development, maintenance, and pathogenesis of the CNS. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Recent research has revealed that microglia-neuron interaction is vital for regulating fundamental neuronal functions, such as synaptic pruning, axonal remodeling, and neurogenesis. The review will elucidate the intricate signaling pathways involved in these interactions, both direct and indirect, to provide a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of brain function. Furthermore, gaining insights into these signals could lead to the development of innovative therapies for neural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 220023, China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 220023, China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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9
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Tang Y, Du J, Wu H, Wang M, Liu S, Tao F. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Chronic Pain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:191-203. [PMID: 36173071 PMCID: PMC10788890 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927092016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal homeostasis maintained by the gut microbiome and relevant metabolites is essential for health, and its disturbance leads to various intestinal or extraintestinal diseases. Recent studies suggest that gut microbiome-derived metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are involved in different neurological disorders (such as chronic pain). SCFAs are produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers in the gut and contribute to multiple host processes, including gastrointestinal regulation, cardiovascular modulation, and neuroendocrine-immune homeostasis. Although SCFAs have been implicated in the modulation of chronic pain, the detailed mechanisms that underlie such roles of SCFAs remain to be further investigated. In this review, we summarize currently available research data regarding SCFAs as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain treatment and discuss several possible mechanisms by which SCFAs modulate chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Neurology of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hongfeng Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sufang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Dallas, Texas, USA
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Guo W, Cui S, Tang X, Yan Y, Xiong F, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Mao B, Zhang H. Intestinal microbiomics and hepatic metabolomics insights into the potential mechanisms of probiotic Bifidobacterium pseudolongum CCFM1253 preventing acute liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023. [PMID: 37099000 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bifidobacterium pseudolongum is widely exists in mammal gut and its abundance is associated with human and animal health. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of B. pseudolongum CCFM1253 on protecting against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) by metagenomic analysis and liver metabolomic profiles. RESULTS Bifidobacterium pseudolongum CCFM1253 preintervention remarkably attenuated the influence of LPS on serum alanine transaminase and aspartate amino transferase activities. B. pseudolongum CCFM1253 preintervention remarkably attenuated the inflammation responses (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6) and elevated antioxidative enzymes activities [total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase] in ALI mice by intervening in the Nf-kβ and Nrf2 pathways, respectively. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum CCFM1253 treatment elevated the proportion of Alistipes and Bifidobacterium, and decreased the proportion of uncultured Bacteroidales bacterium, Muribaculum, Parasutterella and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 in ALI mice, which were strongly correlated with the inhibition of inflammation responses and oxidative stress. Untargeted liver metabolomics exhibited that the hepatoprotective efficacy of B. pseudolongum CCFM1253 might be achieved by altering liver metabolites-related riboflavin metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, alanine, citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), and so on. Furthermore, riboflavin exposure could control the contents of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in hydrogen peroxide-treated HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Bifidobacterium pseudolongum CCFM1253 can effectively alleviate inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and regulate the intestinal microbiota composition and liver metabolism, and elevate the liver riboflavin content in LPS-treated mice. Therefore, B. pseudolongum CCFM1253 could serves as a potential probiotic to ameliorate the host health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongqiu Yan
- Ningbo Yuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Feifei Xiong
- Ningbo Yuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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11
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Damiani F, Cornuti S, Tognini P. The gut-brain connection: Exploring the influence of the gut microbiota on neuroplasticity and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuropharmacology 2023; 231:109491. [PMID: 36924923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of brain circuits to reorganize and change the properties of the network, resulting in alterations in brain function and behavior. It is traditionally believed that neuroplasticity is influenced by external stimuli, learning, and experience. Intriguingly, there is new evidence suggesting that endogenous signals from the body's periphery may play a role. The gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms living in harmony with their host, may be able to influence plasticity through its modulation of the gut-brain axis. Interestingly, the maturation of the gut microbiota coincides with critical periods of neurodevelopment, during which neural circuits are highly plastic and potentially vulnerable. As such, dysbiosis (an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition) during early life may contribute to the disruption of normal developmental trajectories, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. This review aims to examine the ways in which the gut microbiota can affect neuroplasticity. It will also discuss recent research linking gastrointestinal issues and bacterial dysbiosis to various neurodevelopmental disorders and their potential impact on neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Cornuti
- Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Tognini
- Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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12
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Ribeiro FM, Castelo-Branco M, Gonçalves J, Martins J. Visual Cortical Plasticity: Molecular Mechanisms as Revealed by Induction Paradigms in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054701. [PMID: 36902131 PMCID: PMC10003432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the molecular mechanism of synaptic plasticity in the cortex is vital for identifying potential targets in conditions marked by defective plasticity. In plasticity research, the visual cortex represents a target model for intense investigation, partly due to the availability of different in vivo plasticity-induction protocols. Here, we review two major protocols: ocular-dominance (OD) and cross-modal (CM) plasticity in rodents, highlighting the molecular signaling pathways involved. Each plasticity paradigm has also revealed the contribution of different populations of inhibitory and excitatory neurons at different time points. Since defective synaptic plasticity is common to various neurodevelopmental disorders, the potentially disrupted molecular and circuit alterations are discussed. Finally, new plasticity paradigms are presented, based on recent evidence. Stimulus-selective response potentiation (SRP) is one of the paradigms addressed. These options may provide answers to unsolved neurodevelopmental questions and offer tools to repair plasticity defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Ribeiro
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - João Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Mao L, Xia Y, Fan Y, Li N, Jiang Z, Qin X, Jiang Y, Liu G, Qiu F, Zhang J, Zou Z, Chen C. Disruption of the lung-gut-brain axis is responsible for cortex damage induced by pulmonary exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Toxicology 2023; 485:153390. [PMID: 36535435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that gut microbiota is important for host health in response to metal nanomaterials exposure. However, the effect of gut microbiota on the cortex damage caused by pulmonary exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) remains mainly unknown. In this study, a total of 48 adult C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with 0.6 mg/kg ZnONPs in the presence or absence of antibiotics (ABX) treatment. Besides, 24 mice were treated with or without fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) after the intraperitoneal administration of ABX. Our results demonstrated for the first time that dysbiosis induced by ABX treatment significantly aggravated cortex damage induced by pulmonary exposure to ZnONPs. Such damage might highly occur through the induction of oxidative stress, manifested by the enhancement of antioxidative enzymes and products of lipid peroxidation. However, ferroptosis was not involved in this process. Interestingly, our data revealed that ABX treatment exacerbated the alterations of gut-brain peptides (including Sst, Sstr2, and Htr4) induced by ZnONPs in both gut and cortex tissues. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was able to alleviate cerebral cortex damage, oxidative stress, and alterations of gut-brain peptides induced by pulmonary exposure to ZnONPs. The results together indicate that pulmonary exposure to ZnONPs causes cerebral cortex damage possibly via the disruption of the lung-gut-brain axis. These findings not only propose valuable insights into the mechanism of ZnONPs neurotoxicity but also provide a potential therapeutic method against brain disorders induced by pulmonary exposure to ZnONPs. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the The corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yandan Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lejiao Mao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yinzhen Fan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ziqi Jiang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University‑Town Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The University‑Town Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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14
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Cornuti S, Chen S, Lupori L, Finamore F, Carli F, Samad M, Fenizia S, Caldarelli M, Damiani F, Raimondi F, Mazziotti R, Magnan C, Rocchiccioli S, Gastaldelli A, Baldi P, Tognini P. Brain histone beta-hydroxybutyrylation couples metabolism with gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:28. [PMID: 36607453 PMCID: PMC11072080 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of metabolic stimuli on brain tissue at a molecular level. The ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can be a signaling molecule regulating gene transcription. Thus, we assessed lysine beta-hydroxybutyrylation (K-bhb) levels in proteins extracted from the cerebral cortex of mice undergoing a ketogenic metabolic challenge (48 h fasting). We found that fasting enhanced K-bhb in a variety of proteins including histone H3. ChIP-seq experiments showed that K9 beta-hydroxybutyrylation of H3 (H3K9-bhb) was significantly enriched by fasting on more than 8000 DNA loci. Transcriptomic analysis showed that H3K9-bhb on enhancers and promoters correlated with active gene expression. One of the most enriched functional annotations both at the epigenetic and transcriptional level was "circadian rhythms''. Indeed, we found that the diurnal oscillation of specific transcripts was modulated by fasting at distinct zeitgeber times both in the cortex and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Moreover, specific changes in locomotor activity daily features were observed during re-feeding after 48-h fasting. Thus, our results suggest that fasting remarkably impinges on the cerebral cortex transcriptional and epigenetic landscape, and BHB acts as a powerful epigenetic molecule in the brain through direct and specific histone marks remodeling in neural tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cornuti
- Bio@SNS Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Siwei Chen
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Francesco Finamore
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Muntaha Samad
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Simona Fenizia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Caldarelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaele Mazziotti
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paola Tognini
- Bio@SNS Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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15
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D'Alessandro G, Marrocco F, Limatola C. Microglial cells: Sensors for neuronal activity and microbiota-derived molecules. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011129. [PMID: 36426369 PMCID: PMC9679421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells play pleiotropic homeostatic activities in the brain, during development and in adulthood. Microglia regulate synaptic activity and maturation, and continuously patrol brain parenchyma monitoring for and reacting to eventual alterations or damages. In the last two decades microglia were given a central role as an indicator to monitor the inflammatory state of brain parenchyma. However, the recent introduction of single cell scRNA analyses in several studies on the functional role of microglia, revealed a not-negligible spatio-temporal heterogeneity of microglial cell populations in the brain, both during healthy and in pathological conditions. Furthermore, the recent advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the modulation of cerebral activity induced by gut microbe-derived molecules open new perspectives for deciphering the role of microglial cells as possible mediators of these interactions. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent studies correlating gut-derived molecules and vagal stimulation, as well as dysbiotic events, to alteration of brain functioning, and the contribution of microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Marrocco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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16
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Guzzetta KE, Cryan JF, O’Leary OF. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Brain Plast 2022; 8:97-119. [PMID: 36448039 PMCID: PMC9661352 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-220141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The birth, maturation, and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus regulates specific learning and memory processes, responses to stress, and antidepressant treatment efficacy. This process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sensitive to environmental stimuli, including peripheral signals from certain cytokines, hormones, and metabolites, which can promote or hinder the production and survival of new hippocampal neurons. The trillions of microorganisms resident to the gastrointestinal tract, collectively known as the gut microbiota, also demonstrate the ability to modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In doing so, the microbiota-gut-brain axis can influence brain functions regulated by adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Unlike the hippocampus, the gut microbiota is highly accessible to direct interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics, and can be manipulated by lifestyle choices including diet. Therefore, understanding the pathways by which the gut microbiota shapes hippocampal neurogenesis may reveal novel targets for non-invasive therapeutics to treat disorders in which alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis have been implicated. This review first outlines the factors which influence both the gut microbiome and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with cognizance that these effects might happen either independently or due to microbiota-driven mechanisms. We then highlight approaches for investigating the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Finally, we summarize the current evidence demonstrating the gut microbiota's ability to influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, including mechanisms driven through immune pathways, microbial metabolites, endocrine signalling, and the nervous system, and postulate implications for these effects in disease onset and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F. O’Leary
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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17
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Zhu G, Guo M, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Bifidobacterium breve intervention combined with environmental enrichment alleviates cognitive impairment by regulating the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in Alzheimer's disease mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013664. [PMID: 36203603 PMCID: PMC9530393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by behavioral and cognitive impairments and its increasing prevalence imposes a healthcare burden on society. To date, most intervention studies have only focused on a single AD-related factor and have yielded modest cognitive improvements. Here, we show that environmental enrichment (EE) training combined with Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 intervention significantly alleviated amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced cognitive impairment and inhibited neuroinflammation in mice. Moreover, we found that EE combined with B. breve CCFM1025 treatment restored AD-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis and reversed microbial metabolites changes. By integrating behavioral and neurological data with metabolomic profiles, we corroborated the microbiota-metabolite-brain interactions, with acetate and tryptophan metabolism as potential drivers. Taken together, our results provide a promising multidomain intervention strategy to prevent cognitive decline and delay the progression of AD through a combination of dietary microbiome-based approaches and lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- National Engineering Center of Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Center of Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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18
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Ball JB, Green-Fulgham SM, Watkins LR. Mechanisms of Microglia-Mediated Synapse Turnover and Synaptogenesis. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 218:102336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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19
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Kim S, Park S, Choi TG, Kim SS. Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Epilepsy and Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics: Targeting “Health” of Epileptic Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142982. [PMID: 35889939 PMCID: PMC9322917 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO’s definition of health transcends the mere absence of disease, emphasizing physical, mental, and social well-being. As this perspective is being increasingly applied to the management of chronic diseases, research on gut microbiota (GM) is surging, with a focus on its potential for persistent and noninvasive dietary therapeutics. In patients with epilepsy (PWE), a chronic lack of seizure control along with often neglected psychiatric comorbidities greatly disrupt the quality of life. Evidence shows that GM-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may impact seizure susceptibility through modulating (1) excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters, (2) oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and (3) psychosocial stress. These functions are also connected to shared pathologies of epilepsy and its two most common psychiatric consequences: depression and anxiety. As the enhancement of SCFA production is enabled through direct administration, as well as probiotics and prebiotics, related dietary treatments may exert antiseizure effects. This paper explores the potential roles of SCFAs in the context of seizure control and its mental comorbidities, while analyzing existing studies on the effects of pro/prebiotics on epilepsy. Based on currently available data, this study aims to interpret the role of SCFAs in epileptic treatment, extending beyond the absence of seizures to target the health of PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Kim
- Department of Preliminary Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Siyeon Park
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0287 (T.G.C.); +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0287 (T.G.C.); +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
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20
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Qu W, Li Q, Wang M, Zhao X, Wu J, Liu D, Hong S, Yang Y, Shu Q, Li X. m6A Modification Involves in Enriched Environment-Induced Neurogenesis and Cognition Enhancement. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903179. [PMID: 35721485 PMCID: PMC9201454 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have shown that an enriched environment (EE) promotes neurogenesis and alters DNA and histone modifications, it remains largely unknown whether an EE affects epitranscriptome in the context of neuronal development. Here, we showed that EE exposure enhanced the pool of adult neural stem/progenitor cells (aNSPCs) and promoted neuronal differentiation of aNSPCs. EE exposure also improved cognitive capabilities and altered the expression of genes relating to neuronal development, neurogenesis, and memory. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) immunoprecipitation combined with deep sequencing (MeRIP-seq) data analysis revealed that EE exposure increased the global level of m6A and led to differential m6A mRNA modification. Differential m6A modification-associated genes are involved in neuronal development, neurogenesis, and so on. Notably, EE exposure decreased the protein level of m6A eraser Fto, but did not affect the protein level of m6A writers METTL3 and METTL14. Taken together, our results suggest that enriched environment exposure induces differential m6A mRNA modification and adds a novel layer to the interaction between the environment and epigenetics in the context of postnatal neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Qu
- The Children’s Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- The Children’s Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- The Children’s Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingsen Zhao
- The Children’s Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangdong Wu
- The Children’s Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diwen Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Hong
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yang, ; Qiang Shu, ; Xuekun Li,
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children’s Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yang, ; Qiang Shu, ; Xuekun Li,
| | - Xuekun Li
- The Children’s Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yang, ; Qiang Shu, ; Xuekun Li,
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21
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Oral short-chain fatty acids administration regulates innate anxiety in adult microbiome-depleted mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 214:109140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Montanari C, Ceccarani C, Corsello A, Zuvadelli J, Ottaviano E, Dei Cas M, Banderali G, Zuccotti G, Borghi E, Verduci E. Glycomacropeptide Safety and Its Effect on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091883. [PMID: 35565850 PMCID: PMC9104775 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) represents a good alternative protein source in Phenylketonuria (PKU). In a mouse model, it has been suggested to exert a prebiotic role on beneficial gut bacteria. In this study, we performed the 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate the effect of 6 months of GMP supplementation on the gut microbiota of nine PKU patients, comparing their bacterial composition and clinical parameters before and after the intervention. GMP seems to be safe from both the microbiological and the clinical point of view. Indeed, we did not observe dramatic changes in the gut microbiota but a specific prebiotic effect on the butyrate-producer Agathobacter spp. and, to a lesser extent, of Subdoligranulum. Clinically, GMP intake did not show a significant impact on both metabolic control, as phenylalanine values were kept below the age target and nutritional parameters. On the other hand, an amelioration of calcium phosphate homeostasis was observed, with an increase in plasmatic vitamin D and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase. Our results suggest GMP as a safe alternative in the PKU diet and its possible prebiotic role on specific taxa without causing dramatic changes in the commensal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montanari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Camilla Ceccarani
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Juri Zuvadelli
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (J.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Emerenziana Ottaviano
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Banderali
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (J.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250323240
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.Z.); (E.V.)
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.D.C.)
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Gibel-Russo R, Benacom D, Di Nardo AA. Non-Cell-Autonomous Factors Implicated in Parvalbumin Interneuron Maturation and Critical Periods. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:875873. [PMID: 35601531 PMCID: PMC9115720 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.875873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
From birth to adolescence, the brain adapts to its environmental stimuli through structural and functional remodeling of neural circuits during critical periods of heightened plasticity. They occur across modalities for proper sensory, motor, linguistic, and cognitive development. If they are disrupted by early-life adverse experiences or genetic deficiencies, lasting consequences include behavioral changes, physiological and cognitive deficits, or psychiatric illness. Critical period timing is orchestrated not only by appropriate neural activity but also by a multitude of signals that participate in the maturation of fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons and the consolidation of neural circuits. In this review, we describe the various signaling factors that initiate critical period onset, such as BDNF, SPARCL1, or OTX2, which originate either from local neurons or glial cells or from extracortical sources such as the choroid plexus. Critical period closure is established by signals that modulate extracellular matrix and myelination, while timing and plasticity can also be influenced by circadian rhythms and by hormones and corticosteroids that affect brain oxidative stress levels or immune response. Molecular outcomes include lasting epigenetic changes which themselves can be considered signals that shape downstream cross-modal critical periods. Comprehensive knowledge of how these signals and signaling factors interplay to influence neural mechanisms will help provide an inclusive perspective on the effects of early adversity and developmental defects that permanently change perception and behavior.
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Wang MT, Guo WL, Yang ZY, Chen F, Lin TT, Li WL, Lv XC, Rao PF, Ai LZ, Ni L. Intestinal microbiomics and liver metabolomics insights into the preventive effects of chromium (III)-enriched yeast on hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia induced by high-fat and high-fructose diet. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1365-1378. [PMID: 36092021 PMCID: PMC9449561 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, organic chromium (III) supplements have received increasing attentions for their low toxicity, high bioavailability and wide range of health-promoting benefits. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of chromium (III)-enriched yeast (YCr) on high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHFD)-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in mice, and further clarify its mechanism of action from the perspective of intestinal microbiomics and liver metabolomics. The results indicated that oral administration of YCr remarkably inhibited the aberrant elevations of body weight, blood glucose and lipid levels, hepatic cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels caused by HFHFD. Liver histological examination showed that oral YCr intervention inhibited HFHFD induced liver lipid accumulation. Besides, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing showed that YCr intervention was beneficial to ameliorating intestinal microbiota dysbiosis by altering the proportion of some intestinal microbial phylotypes. Correlation-based network analysis indicated that the key intestinal microbial phylotypes intervened by YCr were closely related to some biochemical parameters associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. Liver metabolomics analysis revealed that dietary YCr intervention significantly regulated the levels of some biomarkers involved in purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, citrate cycle, pyrimidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and so on. Moreover, dietary YCr intervention regulated the mRNA levels of key genes associated with glucose, cholesterol, fatty acids and bile acids metabolism in liver. These findings suggest that dietary YCr intervention has beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal microbiota and liver metabolic pathway, and thus can be served as a functional component to prevent hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Chromium-enriched yeast enhances glucose tolerance and liver glycogen synthesis. Chromium-enriched yeast ameliorates the disturbance of intestinal microbiota. Explore the hepatoprotective effect of chromium-enriched yeast based on metabolomics. Chromium-enriched yeast alleviates lipid metabolism through “gut-liver” axis. Chromium-enriched yeast intervention affects hepatic gene transcription levels.
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