1
|
Wang Y, Shen Z, Chen R, Chi X, Li W, Xu D, Lu Y, Ding J, Dong X, Zheng X. Discovery and characterization of novel FGFR1 inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer via hybrid virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107553. [PMID: 38901279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The overexpression of FGFR1 is thought to significantly contribute to the progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), impacting aspects such as tumorigenesis, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Consequently, the pursuit of effective inhibitors for FGFR1 is a key area of research interest. In response to this need, our study developed a hybrid virtual screening method. Utilizing KarmaDock, an innovative algorithm that blends deep learning with molecular docking, alongside Schrödinger's Residue Scanning. This strategy led us to identify compound 6, which demonstrated promising FGFR1 inhibitory activity, evidenced by an IC50 value of approximately 0.24 nM in the HTRF bioassay. Further evaluation revealed that this compound also inhibits the FGFR1 V561M variant with an IC50 value around 1.24 nM. Our subsequent investigations demonstrate that Compound 6 robustly suppresses the migration and invasion capacities of TNBC cell lines, through the downregulation of p-FGFR1 and modulation of EMT markers, highlighting its promise as a potent anti-metastatic therapeutic agent. Additionally, our use of molecular dynamics simulations provided a deeper understanding of the compound's specific binding interactions with FGFR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheyuan Shen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Roufen Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinglong Chi
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Donghang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahapatra S, Kar P. Computational biophysical characterization of the effect of gatekeeper mutations on the binding of ponatinib to the FGFR kinase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 758:110070. [PMID: 38909834 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) is connected to numerous downstream signalling cascades regulating cellular behavior. Any dysregulation leads to a plethora of illnesses, including cancer. Therapeutics are available, but drug resistance driven by gatekeeper mutation impedes the treatment. Ponatinib is an FDA-approved drug against BCR-ABL kinase and has shown effective results against FGFR-mediated carcinogenesis. Herein, we undertake molecular dynamics simulation-based analysis on ponatinib against all the FGFR isoforms having Val to Met gatekeeper mutations. The results suggest that ponatinib is a potent and selective inhibitor for FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4 gatekeeper mutations. The extensive electrostatic and van der Waals interaction network accounts for its high potency. The FGFR3_VM mutation has shown resistance towards ponatinib, which is supported by their lesser binding affinity than wild-type complexes. The disengaged molecular brake and engaged hydrophobic spine were believed to be the driving factors for weak protein-ligand interaction. Taken together, the inhibitory and structural characteristics exhibited by ponatinib may aid in thwarting resistance based on Val-to-Met gatekeeper mutations at an earlier stage of treatment and advance the design and development of other inhibitors targeted at FGFRs harboring gatekeeper mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mahapatra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang P, Yue L, Leng Q, Chang C, Gan C, Ye T, Cao D. Targeting FGFR for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:39. [PMID: 38831455 PMCID: PMC11149307 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The FGFR signaling pathway is integral to cellular activities, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in numerous human cancers, positioning FGFR as a prominent therapeutic target. Here, we conduct a comprehensive review of the function, signaling pathways and abnormal alterations of FGFR, as well as its role in tumorigenesis and development. Additionally, we provide an in-depth analysis of pivotal phase 2 and 3 clinical trials evaluating the performance and safety of FGFR inhibitors in oncology, thereby shedding light on the current state of clinical research in this field. Then, we highlight four drugs that have been approved for marketing by the FDA, offering insights into their molecular mechanisms and clinical achievements. Our discussion encompasses the intricate landscape of FGFR-driven tumorigenesis, current techniques for pinpointing FGFR anomalies, and clinical experiences with FGFR inhibitor regimens. Furthermore, we discuss the inherent challenges of targeting the FGFR pathway, encompassing resistance mechanisms such as activation by gatekeeper mutations, alternative pathways, and potential adverse reactions. By synthesizing the current evidence, we underscore the potential of FGFR-centric therapies to enhance patient prognosis, while emphasizing the imperative need for continued research to surmount resistance and optimize treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - QingQing Leng
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Chang
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Cailing Gan
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Disease, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Dan Cao
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ito S, Otsuki S, Ohsawa H, Hirano A, Kazuno H, Yamashita S, Egami K, Shibata Y, Yamamiya I, Yamashita F, Kodama Y, Funabashi K, Kazuno H, Komori T, Suzuki S, Sootome H, Hirai H, Sagara T. Discovery of Futibatinib: The First Covalent FGFR Kinase Inhibitor in Clinical Use. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:396-404. [PMID: 37077386 PMCID: PMC10108393 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulating fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we report the discovery of compound 5 (TAS-120, futibatinib), a potent and selective covalent inhibitor of FGFR1-4, starting from a unique dual inhibitor of mutant epidermal growth factor receptor and FGFR (compound 1). Compound 5 inhibited all four families of FGFRs in the single-digit nanomolar range and showed high selectivity for over 387 kinases. Binding site analysis revealed that compound 5 covalently bound to the cysteine 491 highly flexible glycine-rich loop region of the FGFR2 adenosine triphosphate pocket. Futibatinib is currently in Phase I-III trials for patients with oncogenically driven FGFR genomic aberrations. In September 2022, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration granted accelerated approval for futibatinib in the treatment of previously treated, unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring an FGFR2 gene fusion or other rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ito
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Sachie Otsuki
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohsawa
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirano
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hideki Kazuno
- Formulation
Research Lab, CMC Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical
Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Kosuke Egami
- Intellectual
Property Department, Taiho Pharmaceutical
Co. Ltd., 1-27 Kandanishiki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8444, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shibata
- MA
Project Management Office, Taiho Pharmaceutical
Co. Ltd., 1-27 Kandanishiki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8444, Japan
| | - Ikuo Yamamiya
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yamashita
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kodama
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Kaoru Funabashi
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kazuno
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Komori
- Regulatory
Affairs Department, Taiho Pharmaceutical
Co. Ltd., 1-27 Kandanishiki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8444, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sootome
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirai
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sagara
- Discovery
and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wells CI, Drewry DH. Developing a Kinase Chemogenomic Set: Facilitating Investigation into Kinase Biology by Linking Phenotypes to Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2706:11-24. [PMID: 37558938 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3397-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in increasingly complex phenotypic screening with lower throughput have necessitated the screening of smaller more highly annotated sets. One such collection of compounds which has been recently assembled is the kinase chemogenomic set. This is a set of curated kinase inhibitors built upon previous iterations, PKIS and PKIS2, and donations from our partners. Each compound in the set has been carefully selected based on selectivity, potency, and kinome coverage. These compounds as a set have been made available to the scientific community, enabling phenotypic screens to identify kinases that drive novel biology. Additionally, the associated data deposited in the public domain have also been used to inform new inhibitor design. Further expansion of this set to complete kinome coverage will allow for a greater understanding of kinase biology and its role in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrow I Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brownfield DG, de Arce AD, Ghelfi E, Gillich A, Desai TJ, Krasnow MA. Alveolar cell fate selection and lifelong maintenance of AT2 cells by FGF signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7137. [PMID: 36414616 PMCID: PMC9681748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung's gas exchange surface is comprised of alveolar AT1 and AT2 cells that are corrupted in several common and deadly diseases. They arise from a bipotent progenitor whose differentiation is thought to be dictated by differential mechanical forces. Here we show the critical determinant is FGF signaling. Fgfr2 is expressed in the developing progenitors in mouse then restricts to nascent AT2 cells and remains on throughout life. Its ligands are expressed in surrounding mesenchyme and can, in the absence of exogenous mechanical cues, induce progenitors to form alveolospheres with intermingled AT2 and AT1 cells. FGF signaling directly and cell autonomously specifies AT2 fate; progenitors lacking Fgfr2 in vitro and in vivo exclusively acquire AT1 fate. Fgfr2 loss in AT2 cells perinatally results in reprogramming to AT1 identity, whereas loss or inhibition later in life triggers AT2 apoptosis and compensatory regeneration. We propose that Fgfr2 signaling selects AT2 fate during development, induces a cell non-autonomous AT1 differentiation signal, then continuously maintains AT2 identity and survival throughout life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Brownfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5307, USA.
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Alex Diaz de Arce
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5307, USA
| | - Elisa Ghelfi
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Astrid Gillich
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5307, USA
| | - Tushar J Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5307, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patel EN, Turner LD, Hixon MS, Janda KD. Identification of Slow-Binding Inhibitors of the BoNT/A Protease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:742-747. [PMID: 35450355 PMCID: PMC9014515 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a lethal toxin, which causes botulism, and is categorized as a bioterrorism threat, which causes flaccid paralysis and death. Botulinum A neurotoxicity is governed through its light chain (LC), a zinc metalloprotease. Pharmacological investigations aimed at negating BoNT/A's LC have typically looked to inhibitors that have been shown to inhibit the light chain's activity by reversible zinc chelation within its active site. This report outlines the first examples of nonpeptidic inhibitors of the BoNT/A LC that possess slow-binding kinetics, a needed logic to counteract the longevity of BoNT/A. Cyclopropane, alkyl, and alkenyl derivatives of 2,4-dichlorocinamic hydroxamic acid (DCHA) were shown to possess both one-step and two-step slow-binding kinetics. Structure-kinetic relationships (SKRs) were observed and were rationalized with the aid of docking models that predicted improved interactions with residues within a hydrophobic cleft adjacent to the active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ealin N. Patel
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lewis D. Turner
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Biosplice Therapeutics, 9360 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark S. Hixon
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng J, Zhang W, Li L, He Y, Wei Y, Dang Y, Nie S, Guo Z. Signaling Pathway and Small-Molecule Drug Discovery of FGFR: A Comprehensive Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:860985. [PMID: 35494629 PMCID: PMC9046545 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.860985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a groundbreaking innovation for cancer treatment. Among the receptor tyrosine kinases, the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) garnered substantial attention as promising therapeutic targets due to their fundamental biological functions and frequently observed abnormality in tumors. In the past 2 decades, several generations of FGFR kinase inhibitors have been developed. This review starts by introducing the biological basis of FGF/FGFR signaling. It then gives a detailed description of different types of small-molecule FGFR inhibitors according to modes of action, followed by a systematic overview of small-molecule-based therapies of different modalities. It ends with our perspectives for the development of novel FGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zufeng Guo
- *Correspondence: Shenyou Nie, ; Zufeng Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung Y, Noda N, Takaya J, Abo M, Toh K, Tajiri K, Cui C, Zhou L, Sato SI, Uesugi M. Discovery of Non-Cysteine-Targeting Covalent Inhibitors by Activity-Based Proteomic Screening with a Cysteine-Reactive Probe. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:340-347. [PMID: 35076225 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors of enzymes are increasingly appreciated as pharmaceutical seeds, yet discovering non-cysteine-targeting inhibitors remains challenging. Herein, we report an intriguing experience during our activity-based proteomic screening of 1601 reactive small molecules, in which we monitored the ability of library molecules to compete with a cysteine-reactive iodoacetamide probe. One epoxide molecule, F8, exhibited unexpected enhancement of the probe reactivity for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a rate-limiting glycolysis enzyme. In-depth mechanistic analysis suggests that F8 forms a covalent adduct with an aspartic acid in the active site to displace NAD+, a cofactor of the enzyme, with concomitant enhancement of the probe reaction with the catalytic cysteine. The mechanistic underpinning permitted the identification of an optimized aspartate-reactive GAPDH inhibitor. Our findings exemplify that activity-based proteomic screening with a cysteine-reactive probe can be used for discovering covalent inhibitors that react with non-cysteine residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Jung
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naotaka Noda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junichiro Takaya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kohei Toh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ken Tajiri
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Changyi Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shin-ichi Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Structural insights into the potency and selectivity of covalent pan-FGFR inhibitors. Commun Chem 2022; 5:5. [PMID: 36697561 PMCID: PMC9814232 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
FIIN-2, TAS-120 (Futibatinib) and PRN1371 are highly potent pan-FGFR covalent inhibitors targeting the p-loop cysteine of FGFR proteins, of which TAS-120 and PRN1371 are currently in clinical trials. It is critical to analyze their target selectivity and their abilities to overcome gatekeeper mutations. In this study, we demonstrate that FIIN-2 and TAS-120 form covalent adducts with SRC, while PRN1371 does not. FIIN-2 and TAS-120 inhibit SRC and YES activities, while PRN1371 does not. Moreover, FIIN-2, TAS-120 and PRN1371 exhibit different potencies against different FGFR gatekeeper mutants. In addition, the co-crystal structures of SRC/FIIN-2, SRC/TAS-120 and FGFR4/PRN1371 complexes reveal structural basis for kinase targeting and gatekeeper mutations. Taken together, our study not only provides insight into the potency and selectivity of covalent pan-FGFR inhibitors, but also sheds light on the development of next-generation FGFR covalent inhibitors with high potency, high selectivity, and stronger ability to overcome gatekeeper mutations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dana D, Das T, Choi A, Bhuiyan AI, Das TK, Talele TT, Pathak SK. Nek2 Kinase Signaling in Malaria, Bone, Immune and Kidney Disorders to Metastatic Cancers and Drug Resistance: Progress on Nek2 Inhibitor Development. Molecules 2022; 27:347. [PMID: 35056661 PMCID: PMC8779408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle kinases represent an important component of the cell machinery that controls signal transduction involved in cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Nek2 is a mitotic Ser/Thr kinase that localizes predominantly to centrosomes and kinetochores and orchestrates centrosome disjunction and faithful chromosomal segregation. Its activity is tightly regulated during the cell cycle with the help of other kinases and phosphatases and via proteasomal degradation. Increased levels of Nek2 kinase can promote centrosome amplification (CA), mitotic defects, chromosome instability (CIN), tumor growth, and cancer metastasis. While it remains a highly attractive target for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics, several new roles of the Nek2 enzyme have recently emerged: these include drug resistance, bone, ciliopathies, immune and kidney diseases, and parasitic diseases such as malaria. Therefore, Nek2 is at the interface of multiple cellular processes and can influence numerous cellular signaling networks. Herein, we provide a critical overview of Nek2 kinase biology and discuss the signaling roles it plays in both normal and diseased human physiology. While the majority of research efforts over the last two decades have focused on the roles of Nek2 kinase in tumor development and cancer metastasis, the signaling mechanisms involving the key players associated with several other notable human diseases are highlighted here. We summarize the efforts made so far to develop Nek2 inhibitory small molecules, illustrate their action modalities, and provide our opinion on the future of Nek2-targeted therapeutics. It is anticipated that the functional inhibition of Nek2 kinase will be a key strategy going forward in drug development, with applications across multiple human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Dana
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
- KemPharm Inc., 2200 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Tuhin Das
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
| | - Athena Choi
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
- Brooklyn Technical High School, 29 Fort Greene Pl, Brooklyn, NY 11217, USA
| | - Ashif I. Bhuiyan
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
- Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tirtha K. Das
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA;
| | - Sanjai K. Pathak
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA; (D.D.); (T.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.B.)
- Chemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu X, Smaill JB, Patterson AV, Ding K. Discovery of Cysteine-targeting Covalent Protein Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 65:58-83. [PMID: 34962782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule covalent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) have entered a new era in drug discovery, which have the advantage for sustained target inhibition and high selectivity. An increased understanding of binding kinetics of CKIs and discovery of additional irreversible and reversible-covalent cysteine-targeted warheads has inspired the development of this area. Herein, we summarize the major medicinal chemistry strategies employed in the discovery of these representative CKIs, which are categorized by the location of the target cysteine within seven main regions of the kinase: the front region, the glycine rich loop (P-loop), the hinge region, the DFG region, the activation loop (A-loop), the catalytic loop (C-loop), and the remote loop. The emphasis is placed on the design and optimization strategies of CKIs that are generated by addition of a warhead to a reversible lead/inhibitor scaffold. In addition, we address the challenges facing this area of drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jeff B Smaill
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Turner LD, Trinh CH, Hubball RA, Orritt KM, Lin CC, Burns JE, Knowles MA, Fishwick CWG. From Fragment to Lead: De Novo Design and Development toward a Selective FGFR2 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1481-1504. [PMID: 34780700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are implicated in a range of cancers with several pan-kinase and selective-FGFR inhibitors currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Pan-FGFR inhibitors often cause toxic side effects and few examples of subtype-selective inhibitors exist. Herein, we describe a structure-guided approach toward the development of a selective FGFR2 inhibitor. De novo design was carried out on an existing fragment series to yield compounds predicted to improve potency against the FGFRs. Subsequent iterative rounds of synthesis and biological evaluation led to an inhibitor with nanomolar potency that exhibited moderate selectivity for FGFR2 over FGFR1/3. Subtle changes to the lead inhibitor resulted in a complete loss of selectivity for FGFR2. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed inhibitor-specific morphological differences in the P-loop which were posited to be fundamental to the selectivity of these compounds. Additional docking studies have predicted an FGFR2-selective H-bond which could be utilized to design more selective FGFR2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis D Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Chi H Trinh
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Ryan A Hubball
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Kyle M Orritt
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Chi-Chuan Lin
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Julie E Burns
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, U.K
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
DW14383 is an irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor that suppresses FGFR-dependent tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1498-1506. [PMID: 33288861 PMCID: PMC8379184 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is a promising anticancer target. Currently, most FGFR inhibitors lack sufficient selectivity and have nonnegligible activity against kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), limiting their feasibility due to the serious side effects. Notably, compensatory activation occurs among FGFR1-4, suggesting the urgent need to develop selective pan-FGFR1-4 inhibitors. Here, we explored the antitumor activity of DW14383, a novel irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor. DW14383 exhibited equivalently high potent inhibition against FGFR1, 2, 3 and 4, with IC50 values of less than 0.3, 1.1, less than 0.3, and 0.5 nmol/L, respectively. It is a selective FGFR inhibitor, exhibiting more than 1100-fold selectivity for FGFR1 over recombinant KDR, making it one of the most selective FGFR inhibitors over KDR described to date. Furthermore, DW14383 significantly inhibited cellular FGFR1-4 signaling, inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest, which in turn antagonized FGFR-dependent tumor cell proliferation. In contrast, DW14383 had no obvious antiproliferative effect against cancer cell lines without FGFR aberration, further confirming its selectivity against FGFR. In representative FGFR-dependent xenograft models, DW14383 oral administration substantially suppressed tumor growth by simultaneously inhibiting tumor proliferation and angiogenesis via inhibiting FGFR signaling. In summary, DW14383 is a promising selective irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor with pan-tumor spectrum potential in FGFR1-4 aberrant cancers, which has the potential to overcome compensatory activation among FGFR1-4.
Collapse
|
15
|
Du G, Jiang J, Wu Q, Henning NJ, Donovan KA, Yue H, Che J, Lu W, Fischer ES, Bardeesy N, Zhang T, Gray NS. Discovery of a Potent Degrader for Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1/2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Du
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Cancer Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA
| | - Nathaniel J. Henning
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Katherine A. Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana Farber Cancer Institute 360 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Cancer Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wei Y, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Cui Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu N, Wang Q, Li C, Ruan H, Zhou H, Wei M, Yang G, Yang C. Discovery and Optimization of a Novel 2 H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Derivative as a Potent Irreversible Pan-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9078-9099. [PMID: 34129329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have become promising therapeutic targets in various types of cancers. In fact, several selective irreversible inhibitors capable of covalently reacting with the conserved cysteine of FGFRs are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this article, we optimized and discovered a novel lead compound 36 with remarkable inhibitory effects against FGFR (1-3), which is a derivative of 2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine. The irreversible binding to FGFRs was characterized by LC-MS. This compound has been shown to exhibit significant anti-proliferation effects against NCI-H1581 and SNU-16 cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Compound 36 has also demonstrated a low toxicity profile and adequate pharmacokinetic properties and is currently under validation as a potential drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yetong Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ruan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Du G, Jiang J, Wu Q, Henning NJ, Donovan KA, Yue H, Che J, Lu W, Fischer ES, Bardeesy N, Zhang T, Gray NS. Discovery of a Potent Degrader for Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1/2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15905-15911. [PMID: 33915015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of FGFR signaling occurs in many cancers, and ATP-competitive FGFR inhibitors have received regulatory approval. Despite demonstrating clinical efficacy, these inhibitors exhibit dose-limiting toxicity, potentially due to a lack of selectivity amongst the FGFR family and are poorly tolerated. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of DGY-09-192, a bivalent degrader that couples the pan-FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 to a CRL2VHL E3 ligase recruiting ligand, which preferentially induces FGFR1&2 degradation while largely sparing FGFR3&4. DGY-09-192 exhibited two-digit nanomolar DC50 s for both wildtype FGFR2 and several FGFR2-fusions, resulting in degradation-dependent antiproliferative activity in representative gastric cancer and cholangiocarcinoma cells. Importantly, DGY-09-192 induced degradation of a clinically relevant FGFR2 fusion protein in a xenograft model. Taken together, we demonstrate that DGY-09-192 has potential as a prototype FGFR degrader.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Du
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Henning
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
FGFR Inhibitors in Oncology: Insight on the Management of Toxicities in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122968. [PMID: 34199304 PMCID: PMC8231807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary FGFR inhibitors evolved as therapeutic options in cholangiocarcinoma and urothelial malignancies. Given the implications of FGFR pathway in various physiological functions, FGFR inhibitors are known to cause unique toxicities. In this review, we summarized the physiology of FGF/FGFR signaling and briefly discussed the possible mechanisms that could lead to FGFR inhibitor resistance and side effects. In addition, we proposed treatment guidelines for the management of FGFR-inhibitor-associated toxicities. Abstract Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor (FGFR) pathway aberrations have been implicated in approximately 7% of the malignancies. As our knowledge of FGFR aberrations in cancer continues to evolve, FGFR inhibitors emerged as potential targeted therapeutic agents. The promising results of pemigatinib and infigratinib in advanced unresectable cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 fusions or rearrangement, and erdafitinib in metastatic urothelial carcinoma with FGFR2 and FGFR3 genetic aberrations, lead to their accelerated approval by the United States (USA) FDA. Along with these agents, many phase II/III clinical trials are currently evaluating the use of derazantinib, infigratinib, and futibatinib either alone or in combination with immunotherapy. Despite the encouraging results seen with FGFR inhibitors, resistance mechanisms and side effect profile may limit their clinical utility. A better understanding of the unique FGFR-inhibitor-related toxicities would invariably help us in the prevention and effective management of FGFR-inhibitor-induced adverse events thereby enhancing their clinical benefit. Herein, we summarized the physiology of FGF/FGFR signaling and briefly discussed the possible mechanisms that could lead to FGFR inhibitor resistance and side effects. In addition, we proposed treatment guidelines for the management of FGFR-inhibitor-associated toxicities. This work would invariably help practicing oncologists to effectively manage the unique toxicities of FGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Wang C, Li J, Zhu J, Zhao C, Xu H. Novel Regulatory Factors and Small-Molecule Inhibitors of FGFR4 in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633453. [PMID: 33981224 PMCID: PMC8107720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family and is stimulated by highly regulated ligand binding. Excessive expression of the receptor and its ligand, especially FGF19, occurs in many types of cancer. Abnormal FGFR4 production explains these cancer formations, and therefore, this receptor has emerged as a potential target for inhibiting cancer development. This review discusses the diverse mechanisms of oncogenic activation of FGFR4 and highlights some currently available inhibitors targeting FGFR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Canwei Wang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jifa Li
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Zhu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanhai Xu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu X, Dai M, Cui R, Wang Y, Li C, Peng X, Zhao J, Wang B, Dai Y, Feng D, Yang T, Jiang H, Geng M, Ai J, Zheng M, Liu H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone derivatives as covalent FGFR inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:781-794. [PMID: 33777682 PMCID: PMC7982429 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have emerged as promising targets for anticancer therapy. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated the biological activity of 66 pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone derivatives. Kinase inhibition, cell proliferation, and whole blood stability assays were used to evaluate their activity on FGFR, allowing us to explore structure−activity relationships and thus to gain understanding of the structural requirements to modulate covalent inhibitors’ selectivity and reactivity. Among them, compound 10h exhibited potent enzymatic activity against FGFR and remarkably inhibited proliferation of various cancer cells associated with FGFR dysregulation, and suppressed FGFR signaling pathway in cancer cells by the immunoblot analysis. Moreover, 10h displayed highly potent antitumor efficacy (TGI = 91.6%, at a dose of 50 mg/kg) in the FGFR1-amplified NCI-H1581 xenograft model.
Collapse
Key Words
- Antitumor efficacy
- BTK, brutons tyrosine kinase
- CADD, computer-aided drug design
- Covalent FGFR inhibitors
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor
- GSH, glutathione
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- PLCγ, phospholipase Cγ
- Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone
- RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases
- SAR, structure−activity relationship
- Structure−activity relationships
- Tyrosine kinase
- Virtual screening
Collapse
|
21
|
He ZX, Gong YP, Zhang X, Ma LY, Zhao W. Pyridazine as a privileged structure: An updated review on anticancer activity of pyridazine containing bioactive molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112946. [PMID: 33129590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of potent anticancer agents with high selectivity and low toxicity remains on the way to human health. Pyridazine featuring advantageous physicochemical properties and antitumor potential usually is regarded as a central core in numerous anticancer derivatives. There are several approved pyridazine-based drugs in the market and analogues currently going through different clinical phases or registration statuses, suggesting pyridazine as a promising drug-like scaffold. The current review is intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of pyridazine derivatives as potential anticancer agents. In particular, we focused on their structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, design strategies, binding modes and biological activities in the hope of offering novel insights for further rational design of more active and less toxic anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Xu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yun-Peng Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sootome H, Fujita H, Ito K, Ochiiwa H, Fujioka Y, Ito K, Miura A, Sagara T, Ito S, Ohsawa H, Otsuki S, Funabashi K, Yashiro M, Matsuo K, Yonekura K, Hirai H. Futibatinib Is a Novel Irreversible FGFR 1–4 Inhibitor That Shows Selective Antitumor Activity against FGFR-Deregulated Tumors. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4986-4997. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
23
|
Yang ZY, He JH, Lu AP, Hou TJ, Cao DS. Frequent hitters: nuisance artifacts in high-throughput screening. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:657-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
Recent advance in the development of novel, selective and potent FGFR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 186:111884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
25
|
Abdeldayem A, Raouf YS, Constantinescu SN, Moriggl R, Gunning PT. Advances in covalent kinase inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2617-2687. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review details recent advances, challenges and innovations in covalent kinase inhibition within a 10 year period (2007–2018).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yasir S. Raouf
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics
- University of Veterinary Medicine
- 1210 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Marseglia G, Lodola A, Mor M, Castelli R. Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors: patent review (2015-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:965-977. [PMID: 31679402 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1688300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of tyrosine-kinase receptors whose signaling cascade regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Deregulation of the FGFR pathway is recognized as a driving factor in tumor development. On this basis, FGFR is an attractive target for anti-cancer small-molecule therapeutic agents.Areas covered: This review summarizes patent and literature publications spanning from 2015 to 2019 pertaining to small-molecule FGFR kinase inhibitors.Expert opinion: The first generation of non-covalent FGFR inhibitors is characterized by a broad spectrum of activity and a relatively high toxicity profile. The second generation of FGFR inhibitors shows higher selectivity and a more favorable toxicity profile, but the clinical use appears restricted only to small subsets of cancers strongly dependent on FGFR signaling. Nevertheless, erdafitinib has been approved for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma, becoming the first marketed selective FGFR inhibitor. The insurgence of mutant kinases, resistant to available therapies, has led to the development of irreversible FGFR inhibitors. The adoption of safer and more selective covalent inhibitors might supersede reversible inhibitors in specific therapeutic areas. Alternative strategies, such as FGF trapping by protein or small-molecule therapeutics, deserve attention and further investigations to unravel their potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin X, Yosaatmadja Y, Kalyukina M, Middleditch MJ, Zhang Z, Lu X, Ding K, Patterson AV, Smaill JB, Squire CJ. Rotational Freedom, Steric Hindrance, and Protein Dynamics Explain BLU554 Selectivity for the Hinge Cysteine of FGFR4. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1180-1186. [PMID: 31413803 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberration in FGFR4 signaling drives carcinogenesis and progression in a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, thereby making FGFR4 an attractive molecular target for this disease. Selective FGFR4 inhibition can be achieved through covalently targeting a poorly conserved cysteine residue in the FGFR4 kinase domain. We report mass spectrometry assays and cocrystal structures of FGFR4 in covalent complex with the clinical candidate BLU554 and with a series of four structurally related inhibitors that define the inherent reactivity and selectivity profile of these molecules. We further reveal the structure of FGFR1 with one of our inhibitors and show that off-target covalent binding can occur through an alternative conformation that supports targeting of a cysteine conserved in all members of the FGFR family. Collectively, we propose that rotational freedom, steric hindrance, and protein dynamics explain the exceptional selectivity profile of BLU554 for targeting FGFR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yuliana Yosaatmadja
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maria Kalyukina
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Martin J. Middleditch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhen Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Adam V. Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, the University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, c/o The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B. Smaill
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, the University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, c/o The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J. Squire
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, c/o The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Y, Dai Y, Wu X, Li F, Liu B, Li C, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Wang B, Zhu M, Cui R, Tan X, Xiong Z, Liu J, Tan M, Xu Y, Geng M, Jiang H, Liu H, Ai J, Zheng M. Discovery and Development of a Series of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone Compounds as the Novel Covalent Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors by the Rational Drug Design. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7473-7488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fei Li
- School of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 ShangDa Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | | | | | | | - Yuanyang Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | - Xiaoqin Tan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoping Xiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Hualiang Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Jing Ai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ni D, Li X, He X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Lu S. Drugging K-Ras G12C through covalent inhibitors: Mission possible? Pharmacol Ther 2019; 202:1-17. [PMID: 31233765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ras, whose mutants are present in approximately 30% of human tumours, is one of the most important oncogenes. Drugging Ras is thus regarded as the quest for the Holy Grail in cancer therapeutics development. Despite more than three decades of efforts, drug discovery targeting Ras constantly fails, rendering Ras undruggable, due to its smooth surface and picomolar affinity towards guanosine substrates. The most frequently mutated isoform of Ras is K-Ras, accounting for >85% of Ras-driven cancers, and one majority of them is the G12C mutation. Recent advances in structural biology shed light on drugging Ras, and one of the cutting-edge breakthroughs is the design of covalent G12C-specific inhibitors targeting the mutated cysteine. This type of inhibitor can be classified into substrate-competitive orthosteric inhibitors and non-competitive allosteric inhibitors. They display improved selectivity and enhanced potency due to their G12-specific and irreversible covalent binding nature. Thus, they represent a new hope for revolutionizing the conventional characterization of Ras as "undruggable" and pave a promising avenue for further drug discovery. Here, we provide comprehensive structural and medicinal chemical insights into K-Ras covalent inhibitors specific for the G12C mutant. We first present an in-depth analysis of the conformations of the inhibitor binding pockets. Then, all the latest covalent ligands selectively inhibiting K-RasG12C are reviewed. Finally, we examine the current challenges faced by this new class of anti-Ras inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duan Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinheng He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dai S, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Xu G, Chen Y. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs): Structures and Small Molecule Inhibitors. Cells 2019; 8:E614. [PMID: 31216761 PMCID: PMC6627960 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases expressed on the cell membrane that play crucial roles in both developmental and adult cells. Dysregulation of FGFRs has been implicated in a wide variety of cancers, such as urothelial carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer and lung adenocarcinoma. Due to their functional importance, FGFRs have been considered as promising drug targets for the therapy of various cancers. Multiple small molecule inhibitors targeting this family of kinases have been developed, and some of them are in clinical trials. Furthermore, the pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493) has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma (mUC). This review summarizes the structure of FGFR, especially its kinase domain, and the development of small molecule FGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Resnick E, Bradley A, Gan J, Douangamath A, Krojer T, Sethi R, Geurink PP, Aimon A, Amitai G, Bellini D, Bennett J, Fairhead M, Fedorov O, Gabizon R, Gan J, Guo J, Plotnikov A, Reznik N, Ruda GF, Díaz-Sáez L, Straub VM, Szommer T, Velupillai S, Zaidman D, Zhang Y, Coker AR, Dowson CG, Barr HM, Wang C, Huber KVM, Brennan PE, Ovaa H, von Delft F, London N. Rapid Covalent-Probe Discovery by Electrophile-Fragment Screening. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8951-8968. [PMID: 31060360 PMCID: PMC6556873 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covalent probes can display unmatched potency, selectivity, and duration of action; however, their discovery is challenging. In principle, fragments that can irreversibly bind their target can overcome the low affinity that limits reversible fragment screening, but such electrophilic fragments were considered nonselective and were rarely screened. We hypothesized that mild electrophiles might overcome the selectivity challenge and constructed a library of 993 mildly electrophilic fragments. We characterized this library by a new high-throughput thiol-reactivity assay and screened them against 10 cysteine-containing proteins. Highly reactive and promiscuous fragments were rare and could be easily eliminated. In contrast, we found hits for most targets. Combining our approach with high-throughput crystallography allowed rapid progression to potent and selective probes for two enzymes, the deubiquitinase OTUB2 and the pyrophosphatase NUDT7. No inhibitors were previously known for either. This study highlights the potential of electrophile-fragment screening as a practical and efficient tool for covalent-ligand discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Bradley
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , U.K.,Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K
| | | | - Alice Douangamath
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K
| | | | - Ritika Sethi
- Structural Biology Research Center , VIB , Brussels , Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Paul P Geurink
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology , Leiden University Medical Center , Einthovenweg 20 , 2333 ZC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Aimon
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , U.K.,Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K
| | | | - Dom Bellini
- School of Life Sciences , University of Warwick , Coventry , U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Gan
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology , Leiden University Medical Center , Einthovenweg 20 , 2333 ZC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jingxu Guo
- Division of Medicine , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alun R Coker
- Division of Medicine , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul E Brennan
- School of Life Sciences , University of Warwick , Coventry , U.K.,Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute , University of Oxford , NDMRB, Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7FZ , U.K
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology , Leiden University Medical Center , Einthovenweg 20 , 2333 ZC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Frank von Delft
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K.,Department of Biochemistry , University of Johannesburg , Auckland Park 2006 , South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun C, Fang L, Zhang X, Gao P, Gou S. Novel 7-formyl-naphthyridyl-ureas derivatives as potential selective FGFR4 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and biological activity studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1932-1941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
33
|
Ghosh AK, Samanta I, Mondal A, Liu WR. Covalent Inhibition in Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:889-906. [PMID: 30816012 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although covalent inhibitors have been used as therapeutics for more than a century, there has been general resistance in the pharmaceutical industry against their further development due to safety concerns. This inclination has recently been reverted after the development of a wide variety of covalent inhibitors to address human health conditions along with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of several covalent therapeutics for use in humans. Along with this exciting resurrection of an old drug discovery concept, this review surveys enzymes that can be targeted by covalent inhibitors for the treatment of human diseases. We focus on protein kinases, RAS proteins, and a few other enzymes that have been studied extensively as targets for covalent inhibition, with the aim to address challenges in designing effective covalent drugs and to provide suggestions in the area that have yet to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avick Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Corner of Ross and Spence Streets, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Corner of Ross and Spence Streets, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anushree Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Corner of Ross and Spence Streets, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wenshe Ray Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Corner of Ross and Spence Streets, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vasudevan A, Argiriadi MA, Baranczak A, Friedman MM, Gavrilyuk J, Hobson AD, Hulce JJ, Osman S, Wilson NS. Covalent binders in drug discovery. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 58:1-62. [PMID: 30879472 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covalent modulation of protein function can have multiple utilities including therapeutics, and probes to interrogate biology. While this field is still viewed with scepticism due to the potential for (idiosyncratic) toxicities, significant strides have been made in terms of understanding how to tune electrophilicity to selectively target specific residues. Progress has also been made in harnessing the potential of covalent binders to uncover novel biology and to provide an enhanced utility as payloads for Antibody Drug Conjugates. This perspective covers the tenets and applications of covalent binders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Sami Osman
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shraga A, Olshvang E, Davidzohn N, Khoshkenar P, Germain N, Shurrush K, Carvalho S, Avram L, Albeck S, Unger T, Lefker B, Subramanyam C, Hudkins RL, Mitchell A, Shulman Z, Kinoshita T, London N. Covalent Docking Identifies a Potent and Selective MKK7 Inhibitor. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:98-108.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
36
|
Badichi Akher F, Farrokhzadeh A, Olotu FA, Agoni C, Soliman MES. The irony of chirality – unveiling the distinct mechanistic binding and activities of 1-(3-(4-amino-5-(7-methoxy-5-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one enantiomers as irreversible covalent FGFR4 inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1176-1190. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02811g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical investigation of the effect of chirality on inhibitors is providing essential insights for drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Badichi Akher
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Abdolkarim Farrokhzadeh
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Fisayo A. Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen Z, Xu Y, Qian X. Naphthalimides and analogues as antitumor agents: A review on molecular design, bioactivity and mechanism of action. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
38
|
Lu X, Chen H, Patterson AV, Smaill JB, Ding K. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4) Selective Inhibitors as Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy: Advances and Prospects. J Med Chem 2018; 62:2905-2915. [PMID: 30403487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Adam V. Patterson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Translational Therapeutics Team, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B. Smaill
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Translational Therapeutics Team, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cho H, Shin I, Ju E, Choi S, Hur W, Kim H, Hong E, Kim ND, Choi HG, Gray NS, Sim T. First SAR Study for Overriding NRAS Mutant Driven Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8353-8373. [PMID: 30153003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GNF-7, a multitargeted kinase inhibitor, served as a dual kinase inhibitor of ACK1 and GCK, which provided a novel therapeutic strategy for overriding AML expressing NRAS mutation. This SAR study with GNF-7 derivatives, designed to target NRAS mutant-driven AML, led to identification of the extremely potent inhibitors, 10d, 10g, and 11i, which possess single-digit nanomolar inhibitory activity against both ACK1 and GCK. These substances strongly suppress proliferation of mutant NRAS expressing AML cells via apoptosis and AKT/mTOR signaling blockade. Compound 11i is superior to GNF-7 in terms of kinase inhibitory activity, cellular activity, and differential cytotoxicity. Moreover, 10k possessing a favorable mouse pharmacokinetic profile prolonged life-span of Ba/F3-NRAS-G12D injected mice and significantly delayed tumor growth of OCI-AML3 xenograft model without causing the prominent level of toxicity found with GNF-7. Taken together, this study provides insight into the design of novel ACK1 and GCK dual inhibitors for overriding NRAS mutant-driven AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Cho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Ju
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghye Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Hur
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Haelee Kim
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 2387 dalgubeol-daero, Suseong-gu , Daegu 42019 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hong
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 2387 dalgubeol-daero, Suseong-gu , Daegu 42019 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 2387 dalgubeol-daero, Suseong-gu , Daegu 42019 , Republic of Korea.,NDBio Therapeutics Inc. , 32 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu , Incheon 21984 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Geun Choi
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 2387 dalgubeol-daero, Suseong-gu , Daegu 42019 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Taebo Sim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea.,Chemical Kinomics Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang C, Xu P, Zhang L, Huang J, Zhu K, Luo C. Current Strategies and Applications for Precision Drug Design. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:787. [PMID: 30072901 PMCID: PMC6060444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Human Genome Project (HGP) revealed the heterogeneity of individuals, precision medicine that proposes the customized healthcare has become an intractable and hot research. Meanwhile, as the Precision Medicine Initiative launched, precision drug design which aims at maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing undesired side effects for an individual patient has entered a new stage. One of the key strategies of precision drug design is target based drug design. Once a key pathogenic target is identified, rational drug design which constitutes the major part of precision drug design can be performed. Examples of rational drug design on novel druggable targets and protein-protein interaction surfaces are summarized in this review. Besides, various kinds of computational modeling and simulation approaches increasingly benefit for the drug discovery progress. Molecular dynamic simulation, drug target prediction and in silico clinical trials are discussed. Moreover, due to the powerful ability in handling high-dimensional data and complex system, deep learning has efficiently promoted the applications of artificial intelligence in drug discovery and design. In this review, deep learning methods that tailor to precision drug design are carefully discussed. When a drug molecule is discovered, the development of specific targeted drug delivery system becomes another key aspect of precision drug design. Therefore, state-of-the-art techniques of drug delivery system including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and ligand-targeted conjugates are also included in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Y, Li L, Fan J, Dai Y, Jiang A, Geng M, Ai J, Duan W. Discovery of Potent Irreversible Pan-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29522671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1-4) are promising therapeutic targets in many cancers. With the resurgence of interest in irreversible inhibitors, efforts have been directed to the discovery of irreversible FGFR inhibitors. Currently, several selective irreversible inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials that could covalently target a conserved cysteine in the P-loop of FGFR. In this article, we used a structure-guided approach that is rationalized by a computer-aided simulation to discover the novel and irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor, 9g, which provided superior FGFR in vitro activities and decent selectivity over VEGFR2 (vascular endothelia growth factor receptor 2). In in vivo studies, 9g displayed clear antitumor activities in NCI-H1581 and SNU-16 xenograft mice models. Additionally, the diluting method confirmed the irreversible binding of 9g to FGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Lijun Li
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Dai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Alan Jiang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Wenhu Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No.19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xun Q, Zhang Z, Luo J, Tong L, Huang M, Wang Z, Zou J, Liu Y, Xu Y, Xie H, Tu ZC, Lu X, Ding K. Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of 2-Oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines as New Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2353-2371. [PMID: 29499108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinfeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Minhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jian Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingqiang Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Chao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, Guangzhou 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
FGFR signaling maintains a drug persistent cell population following epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83424-83436. [PMID: 27825137 PMCID: PMC5347779 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging characteristic of drug resistance in cancer is the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanisms of EMT-mediated drug resistance remain poorly defined. Therefore, we conducted long-term treatments of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her2)-transformed breast cancer cells with either the EGFR/Her2 kinase inhibitor, Lapatinib or TGF-β, a known physiological inducer of EMT. Both of these treatment regimes resulted in robust EMT phenotypes, but upon withdrawal a subpopulation of TGF-β induced cells readily underwent mesenchymal-epithelial transition, where as Lapatinib-induced cells failed to reestablish an epithelial population. The mesenchymal population that remained following TGF-β stimulation and withdrawal was quickly selected for during subsequent Lapatinib treatment, manifesting in inherent drug resistance. The Nanostring cancer progression gene panel revealed a dramatic upregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and its cognate ligand FGF2 in both acquired and inherent resistance. Mechanistically, FGF:Erk1/2 signaling functions to stabilize the EMT transcription factor Twist and thus maintain the mesenchymal and drug resistant phenotype. Finally, Lapatinib resistant cells could be readily eliminated using recently characterized covalent inhibitors of FGFR. Overall our data demonstrate that next-generation targeting of FGFR can be used in combination with Her2-targeted therapies to overcome resistance in this breast cancer subtype.
Collapse
|
44
|
Chaikuad A, Koch P, Laufer SA, Knapp S. The Cysteinome of Protein Kinases as a Target in Drug Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4372-4385. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Apirat Chaikuad
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Goethe-University; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry; Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry; Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
- German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Standort Tübingen; Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
- German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Standort Frankfurt/Mainz; Germany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Goethe-University; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chaikuad A, Koch P, Laufer SA, Knapp S. Das Cysteinom der Proteinkinasen als Zielstruktur in der Arzneistoffentwicklung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apirat Chaikuad
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Universität Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ Großbritannien
- Institut für pharmazeutische Chemie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| | - Pierre Koch
- Institut für pharmazeutische und medizinische Chemie; Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Institut für pharmazeutische und medizinische Chemie; Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für translationale Krebsforschung, Standort; Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Universität Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ Großbritannien
- Deutsches Zentrum für translationale Krebsforschung, Standort Frankfurt/Mainz; Deutschland
- Institut für pharmazeutische Chemie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 15 60438 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu D, Guo M, Min X, Dai S, Li M, Tan S, Li G, Chen X, Ma Y, Li J, Jiang L, Qu L, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Chen L, Xu G, Chen Y. LY2874455 potently inhibits FGFR gatekeeper mutants and overcomes mutation-based resistance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12089-12092. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LY2874455 can avoid a steric clash with the mutated gatekeeper residue in FGFR4.
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang L, Zhao J, Yao Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Shu X, Sun X, Li Y, Liu K, Yuan H, Ma X. Covalent binding design strategy: A prospective method for discovery of potent targeted anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:493-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
48
|
Cowell JK, Qin H, Hu T, Wu Q, Bhole A, Ren M. Mutation in the FGFR1 tyrosine kinase domain or inactivation of PTEN is associated with acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors in FGFR1-driven leukemia/lymphomas. Int J Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28646488 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell leukemia/lymphoma syndrome (SCLL) is driven by constitutive activation of chimeric FGFR1 kinases generated by chromosome translocations. We have shown that FGFR inhibitors significantly suppress leukemia and lymphoma development in vivo, and cell viability in vitro. Since resistance to targeted therapies is a major reason for relapse, we developed FGFR1-overexpressing mouse and human cell lines that are resistant to the specific FGFR inhibitors AZD4547 and BGJ398, as well as non-specific inhibitors, such as ponatinib, TKI258 and E3810. Two mutually exclusive mechanisms for resistance were demonstrated; an activating V561M mutation in the FGFR1 kinase domain and mutational inactivation of PTEN resulting in increased PI3K/AKT activity. Ectopic expression of PTEN in the PTEN-mutant cells resensitizes them to FGFR inhibitors. Treatment of resistant cells with BGJ398, in combination with the BEZ235 PI3K inhibitor, shows an additive effect on growth in vitro and prolongs survival in xenograft models in vivo. These studies provide the first direct evidence for both the involvement of the FGFR1 V561M mutation and PTEN inactivation in the development of resistance in leukemias overexpressing chimeric FGFR1. These studies also provide a potential strategy to treat leukemias and lymphomas driven by FGFR1 activation that become resistant to FGFR1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John K Cowell
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Tianxiang Hu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Qing Wu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Aaron Bhole
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Mingqiang Ren
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Brameld KA, Owens TD, Verner E, Venetsanakos E, Bradshaw JM, Phan VT, Tam D, Leung K, Shu J, LaStant J, Loughhead DG, Ton T, Karr DE, Gerritsen ME, Goldstein DM, Funk JO. Discovery of the Irreversible Covalent FGFR Inhibitor 8-(3-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl)-6-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one (PRN1371) for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6516-6527. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken A. Brameld
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Timothy D. Owens
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Erik Verner
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eleni Venetsanakos
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - J. Michael Bradshaw
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vernon T. Phan
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Danny Tam
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwan Leung
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jin Shu
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob LaStant
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David G. Loughhead
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tony Ton
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dane E. Karr
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mary E. Gerritsen
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David M. Goldstein
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jens Oliver Funk
- Principia Biopharma, Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li X, Guise CP, Taghipouran R, Yosaatmadja Y, Ashoorzadeh A, Paik WK, Squire CJ, Jiang S, Luo J, Xu Y, Tu ZC, Lu X, Ren X, Patterson AV, Smaill JB, Ding K. 2-Oxo-3, 4-dihydropyrimido[4, 5- d ]pyrimidinyl derivatives as new irreversible pan fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:531-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|