1
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Ayimbila F, Tantimongcolwat T, Ruankham W, Pingaew R, Prachayasittikul V, Worachartcheewan A, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Phopin K. Insight into the binding mechanisms of fluorinated 2-aminothiazole sulfonamide and human serum albumin: Spectroscopic and in silico approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:134048. [PMID: 39116983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
4-Fluoro-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (3) is a novel fluorinated compound, containing various biological activities. Therefore, absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, molecular docking, and molecular simulation were employed to investigate the interaction between 3 and HSA. Firstly, compound 3 meets all criteria for drug-likeness prediction. UV absorption spectra revealed the interaction of 3 with HSA altered the microenvironment of protein, as well as circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis indicated slightly conformational changes and a reduction in α-helical content. The binding parameters of the HSA-3 complex suggested that fluorescence quenching is driven by combined static and dynamic processes. Additionally, the stability of the complex is attributed to conventional hydrogen and hydrophobic bonding interactions. Furthermore, esterase-like activity indicated that the binding of 3 might disrupt HSA's bond networks, leading to structural alterations. Consequently, the strong binding constant (Ka ≈ 1.204 × 106 M-1) aligns with the predicted unbound fraction (0.28) in serum, indicating that thiazole 3 has good bioavailability in plasma and can be effectively transported to target sites, thereby exerting its pharmaceutical effects. However, careful dosage management is essential to prevent potential adverse effects. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of 3 as a therapeutic agent, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize its uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Ayimbila
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Tanawut Tantimongcolwat
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Waralee Ruankham
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Apilak Worachartcheewan
- Department of Community Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kamonrat Phopin
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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2
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Martínez-Camarena Á, Bellia F, Paz Clares M, Vecchio G, Nicolas J, García-España E. Polymeric Nanozyme with SOD Activity Capable of Inhibiting Self- and Metal-Induced α-Synuclein Aggregation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401331. [PMID: 38687026 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, Parkinson's disease is still an idiopathic pathology for which no cure has yet been found. This is partly explained by the multifactorial character of most neurodegenerative syndromes, whose generation involves multiple pathogenic factors. In Parkinson's disease, two of the most important ones are the aggregation of α-synuclein and oxidative stress. In this work, we address both issues by synthesizing a multifunctional nanozyme based on grafting a pyridinophane ligand that can strongly coordinate CuII, onto biodegradable PEGylated polyester nanoparticles. The resulting nanozyme exhibits remarkable superoxide dismutase activity together with the ability to inhibit the self-induced aggregation of α-synuclein into amyloid-type fibrils. Furthermore, the combination of the chelator and the polymer produces a cooperative effect whereby the resulting nanozyme can also halve CuII-induced α-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martínez-Camarena
- ICMol, Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91400, France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, 95125, Italy
- MatMoPol Research Group, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR, P. Gaifami 18, Catania, 95126, Italy
| | - M Paz Clares
- ICMol, Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91400, France
| | - Enrique García-España
- ICMol, Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
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3
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Horne RI, Andrzejewska EA, Alam P, Brotzakis ZF, Srivastava A, Aubert A, Nowinska M, Gregory RC, Staats R, Possenti A, Chia S, Sormanni P, Ghetti B, Caughey B, Knowles TPJ, Vendruscolo M. Discovery of potent inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation using structure-based iterative learning. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:634-645. [PMID: 38632492 PMCID: PMC11062903 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning methods hold the promise to reduce the costs and the failure rates of conventional drug discovery pipelines. This issue is especially pressing for neurodegenerative diseases, where the development of disease-modifying drugs has been particularly challenging. To address this problem, we describe here a machine learning approach to identify small molecule inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation, a process implicated in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. Because the proliferation of α-synuclein aggregates takes place through autocatalytic secondary nucleation, we aim to identify compounds that bind the catalytic sites on the surface of the aggregates. To achieve this goal, we use structure-based machine learning in an iterative manner to first identify and then progressively optimize secondary nucleation inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that this approach leads to the facile identification of compounds two orders of magnitude more potent than previously reported ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Horne
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewa A Andrzejewska
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Parvez Alam
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Z Faidon Brotzakis
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Alice Aubert
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Magdalena Nowinska
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca C Gregory
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roxine Staats
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Possenti
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean Chia
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Aliakbari F, Marzookian K, Parsafar S, Hourfar H, Nayeri Z, Fattahi A, Raeiji M, Boroujeni NN, Otzen DE, Morshedi D. The impact of hUC MSC-derived exosome-nanoliposome hybrids on α-synuclein fibrillation and neurotoxicity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl3406. [PMID: 38569030 PMCID: PMC10990263 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation of α-synuclein (αSN) protein amplifies the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Consequently, blocking aggregation or redirecting self-assembly to less toxic aggregates could be therapeutic. Here, we improve brain-specific nanocarriers using a hybrid of exosomes (Ex) from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC MSCs) and nanoliposomes containing baicalein (Ex-NLP-Ba) and oleuropein (Ex-NLP-Ole). The hybrids contained both lipid membranes, Ex proteins, and baicalein or oleuropein. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis confirmed their proper integration. The hybrids reduced the extent of αSN fibrillation and interfered with secondary nucleation and disaggregation. They not only reduced αSN pathogenicity but also enhanced drug internalization into cells, surpassing the efficacy of NLP alone, and also crossed the blood-brain barrier in a cellular model. We conclude that Ex can be successfully extracted and efficiently merged with NLPs while retaining its original properties, demonstrating great potential as a theranostic drug delivery vehicle against NDs like PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Aliakbari
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kimia Marzookian
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soha Parsafar
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamdam Hourfar
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nayeri
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arghavan Fattahi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raeiji
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Nasrollahi Boroujeni
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dina Morshedi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Horne R, Wilson-Godber J, González Díaz A, Brotzakis ZF, Seal S, Gregory RC, Possenti A, Chia S, Vendruscolo M. Using Generative Modeling to Endow with Potency Initially Inert Compounds with Good Bioavailability and Low Toxicity. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:590-596. [PMID: 38261763 PMCID: PMC10865343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In the early stages of drug development, large chemical libraries are typically screened to identify compounds of promising potency against the chosen targets. Often, however, the resulting hit compounds tend to have poor drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), with negative developability features that may be difficult to eliminate. Therefore, starting the drug discovery process with a "null library", compounds that have highly desirable DMPK properties but no potency against the chosen targets, could be advantageous. Here, we explore the opportunities offered by machine learning to realize this strategy in the case of the inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation, a process associated with Parkinson's disease. We apply MolDQN, a generative machine learning method, to build an inhibitory activity against α-synuclein aggregation into an initial inactive compound with good DMPK properties. Our results illustrate how generative modeling can be used to endow initially inert compounds with desirable developability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
I. Horne
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Jared Wilson-Godber
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Alicia González Díaz
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Z. Faidon Brotzakis
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Srijit Seal
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Imaging
Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Gregory
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrea Possenti
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Sean Chia
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Bioprocessing
Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138668 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
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6
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Galkin M, Priss A, Kyriukha Y, Shvadchak V. Navigating α-Synuclein Aggregation Inhibition: Methods, Mechanisms, and Molecular Targets. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300282. [PMID: 37919046 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a yet incurable, age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation of small neuronal protein α-synuclein into amyloid fibrils. Inhibition of this process is a prospective strategy for developing a disease-modifying treatment. We overview here small molecule, peptide, and protein inhibitors of α-synuclein fibrillization reported to date. Special attention was paid to the specificity of inhibitors and critical analysis of their action mechanisms. Namely, the importance of oxidation of polyphenols and cross-linking of α-synuclein into inhibitory dimers was highlighted. We also compared strategies of targeting monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar α-synuclein species, thoroughly discussed the strong and weak sides of different approaches to testing the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Galkin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasiia Priss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yevhenii Kyriukha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Volodymyr Shvadchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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7
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Ganegamage S, Ramirez E, Alnakhala H, Tripathi A, Nguyen CCD, Zami A, Ostafe R, Tian S, Dettmer U, Fortin JS. 1,4-Diurea- and 1,4-Dithiourea-Substituted Aromatic Derivatives Selectively Inhibit α-Synuclein Oligomer Formation In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1216-1229. [PMID: 38222653 PMCID: PMC10785335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting the elderly population worldwide. In PD, the misfolding of α-synuclein (α-syn) results in the formation of inclusions referred to as Lewy bodies (LB) in midbrain neurons of the substantia nigra and other specific brain localizations, which is associated with neurodegeneration. There are no approved strategies to reduce the formation of LB in the neurons of patients with PD. Our drug discovery program focuses on the synthesis of urea and thiourea compounds coupled with aminoindole moieties to abrogate α-syn aggregation and to slow down the progression of PD. We synthesized several urea and thiourea analogues with a central 1,4-phenyl diurea/thiourea linkage and evaluated their effectiveness in reducing α-syn aggregation with a special focus on the selective inhibition of oligomer formation among other proteins. We utilized biophysical methods such as thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoinduced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP), as well as M17D intracellular inclusion cell-based assays to evaluate the antiaggregation properties and cellular protection of our best compounds. Our results identified compound 1 as the best compound in reducing α-syn fibril formation via ThT assays. The antioligomer formation of compound 1 was subsequently superseded by compound 2. Both compounds selectively curtailed the oligomer formation of α-syn but not tau 4R isoforms (0N4R, 2N4R) or p-tau (isoform 1N4R). Compounds 1 and 2 failed to abrogate tau 0N3R fibril formation by ThT and atomic force microscopy. Compound 2 was best at reducing the formation of recombinant α-syn fibrils by TEM. In contrast to compound 2, compound 1 reduced the formation of α-syn inclusions in M17D neuroblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 1 may provide molecular scaffolds for the optimization of symmetric molecules for its α-syn antiaggregation activity with potential therapeutic applications and development of small molecules in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susantha
K. Ganegamage
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eduardo Ramirez
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Heba Alnakhala
- Ann
Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Arati Tripathi
- Ann
Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cuong Calvin Duc Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashique Zami
- Purdue
Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Purdue
Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann
Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jessica S. Fortin
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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8
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Bigi A, Cascella R, Cecchi C. α-Synuclein oligomers and fibrils: partners in crime in synucleinopathies. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2332-2342. [PMID: 37282450 PMCID: PMC10360081 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein is the general hallmark of a group of devastating neurodegenerative pathologies referred to as synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. In such conditions, a range of different misfolded aggregates, including oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils, are present both in neurons and glial cells. Growing experimental evidence supports the proposition that soluble oligomeric assemblies, formed during the early phases of the aggregation process, are the major culprits of neuronal toxicity; at the same time, fibrillar conformers appear to be the most efficient at propagating among interconnected neurons, thus contributing to the spreading of α-synuclein pathology. Moreover, α-synuclein fibrils have been recently reported to release soluble and highly toxic oligomeric species, responsible for an immediate dysfunction in the recipient neurons. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the plethora of mechanisms of cellular dysfunction caused by α-synuclein oligomers and fibrils, both contributing to neurodegeneration in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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9
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Concha-Marambio L, Pritzkow S, Shahnawaz M, Farris CM, Soto C. Seed amplification assay for the detection of pathologic alpha-synuclein aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:1179-1196. [PMID: 36653527 PMCID: PMC10561622 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates are a hallmark event in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Recently, αSyn seed amplification assays (αSyn-SAAs) have shown promise as a test for biochemical diagnosis of synucleinopathies. αSyn-SAAs use the intrinsic self-replicative nature of misfolded αSyn aggregates (seeds) to multiply them in vitro. In these assays, αSyn seeds circulating in biological fluids are amplified by a cyclical process that includes aggregate fragmentation into smaller self-propagating seeds, followed by elongation at the expense of recombinant αSyn (rec-αSyn). Amplification of the seeds allows detection by fluorescent dyes specific for amyloids, such as thioflavin T. Several αSyn-SAA reports have been published in the past under the names 'protein misfolding cyclic amplification' (αSyn-PMCA) and 'real-time quaking-induced conversion'. Here, we describe a protocol for αSyn-SAA, originally reported as αSyn-PMCA, which allows detection of αSyn aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients affected by PD, dementia with Lewy bodies or multiple-system atrophy (MSA). Moreover, this αSyn-SAA can differentiate αSyn aggregates from patients with PD versus those from patients with MSA, even in retrospective samples from patients with pure autonomic failure who later developed PD or MSA. We also describe modifications to the original protocol introduced to develop an optimized version of the assay. The optimized version shortens the assay length, decreases the amount of rec-αSyn required and reduces the number of inconclusive results. The protocol has a hands-on time of ~2 h per 96-well plate and can be performed by personnel trained to perform basic experiments with specimens of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Pritzkow
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahnawaz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Claudio Soto
- R&D Unit, Amprion Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Somavarapu AK, Kleijwegt G, Nagaraj M, Alam P, Nielsen J, Otzen DE. Drug repurposing screens identify compounds that inhibit α-synuclein oligomers' membrane disruption and block antibody interactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:3030-3047. [PMID: 36937574 PMCID: PMC10016340 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05534a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Small soluble oligomers of the protein α-synuclein (αSO) have been linked to disruptions in neuronal homeostasis, contributing to the development of Parkinson's Disease (PD). While this makes αSO an obvious drug target, the development of effective therapeutics against αSO is challenged by its low abundance and structural and morphological complexity. Here, we employ two different approaches to neutralize toxic interactions made by αSOs with different cellular components. First, we use available data to identify four neuronal proteins as likely candidates for αSO interactions, namely Cfl1, Uchl1, Sirt2 and SerRS. However, despite promising results when immobilized, all 4 proteins only bind weakly to αSO in solution in microfluidic assays, making them inappropriate for screening. In contrast, the formation of stable contacts formed between αSO and vesicles consisting of anionic lipids not only mimics a likely biological role of αSO but also provided a platform to screen two small molecule libraries for disruptors of these contacts. Of the 7 best leads obtained in this way, 2 significantly impaired αSO contacts with other proteins in a sandwich ELISA assay using αSO-binding monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies. In addition, 5 of these leads suppressed α-synuclein amyloid formation. Thus, a repurposing screening that directly targets a key culprit in PD pathogenesis shows therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Somavarapu
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Giulia Kleijwegt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Madhu Nagaraj
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Parvez Alam
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Janni Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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11
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Development of Small Molecules Targeting α-Synuclein Aggregation: A Promising Strategy to Treat Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030839. [PMID: 36986700 PMCID: PMC10059018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is characterized by the accumulation of protein deposits in the dopaminergic neurons. These deposits are primarily composed of aggregated forms of α-Synuclein (α-Syn). Despite the extensive research on this disease, only symptomatic treatments are currently available. However, in recent years, several compounds, mainly of an aromatic character, targeting α-Syn self-assembly and amyloid formation have been identified. These compounds, discovered by different approaches, are chemically diverse and exhibit a plethora of mechanisms of action. This work aims to provide a historical overview of the physiopathology and molecular aspects associated with Parkinson’s disease and the current trends in small compound development to target α-Syn aggregation. Although these molecules are still under development, they constitute an important step toward discovering effective anti-aggregational therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
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12
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Hadi Ali Janvand S, Ladefoged LK, Zubrienė A, Sakalauskas A, Christiansen G, Dudutienė V, Schiøtt B, Matulis D, Smirnovas V, Otzen DE. Inhibitory effects of fluorinated benzenesulfonamides on insulin fibrillation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:590-600. [PMID: 36529223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are protein aggregates formed by protein assembly through cross β structures. Inhibition of amyloid fibril formation may contribute to therapy against amyloid-related disorders like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and type 2 diabetes. Here we report that several fluorinated sulfonamide compounds, previously shown to inhibit human carbonic anhydrase, also inhibit the fibrillation of different proteins. Using a range of spectroscopic, microscopic and chromatographic techniques, we found that the two fluorinated sulfonamide compounds completely inhibit insulin fibrillation over a period of 16 h and moderately suppress α-synuclein and Aβ fibrillation. In addition, these compounds decreased cell toxicity of insulin incubated under fibrillation-inducing conditions. We ascribe these effects to their ability to maintain insulin in the native monomeric state. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that these compounds inhibit insulin self-association by interacting with residues at the dimer interface. This highlights the general anti-aggregative properties of aromatic sulfonamides and suggests that sulfonamide compounds which inhibit carbonic anhydrase activity may have potential as therapeutic agents against amyloid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Hadi Ali Janvand
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lucy Kate Ladefoged
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Sakalauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3b, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Virginija Dudutienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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13
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Controlling amyloid formation of intrinsically disordered proteins and peptides: slowing down or speeding up? Essays Biochem 2022; 66:959-975. [PMID: 35975807 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pathological assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins/peptides (IDPs) into amyloid fibrils is associated with a range of human pathologies, including neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases and systemic amyloidosis. These debilitating disorders affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and the number of people affected is increasing sharply. However, the discovery of therapeutic agents has been immensely challenging largely because of (i) the diverse number of aggregation pathways and the multi-conformational and transient nature of the related proteins or peptides and (ii) the under-development of experimental pipelines for the identification of disease-modifying molecules and their mode-of-action. Here, we describe current approaches used in the search for small-molecule modulators able to control or arrest amyloid formation commencing from IDPs and review recently reported accelerators and inhibitors of amyloid formation for this class of proteins. We compare their targets, mode-of-action and effects on amyloid-associated cytotoxicity. Recent successes in the control of IDP-associated amyloid formation using small molecules highlight exciting possibilities for future intervention in protein-misfolding diseases, despite the challenges of targeting these highly dynamic precursors of amyloid assembly.
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14
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Synucleins: New Data on Misfolding, Aggregation and Role in Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123241. [PMID: 36551997 PMCID: PMC9775291 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synucleins are a family of natively unfolded (or intrinsically unstructured) proteins consisting of α-, β-, and γ-synuclein involved in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The current number of publications on synucleins has exceeded 16.000. They remain the subject of constant interest for over 35 years. Two reasons explain this unchanging attention: synuclein's association with several severe human diseases and the lack of understanding of the functional roles under normal physiological conditions. We analyzed recent publications to look at the main trends and developments in synuclein research and discuss possible future directions. Traditional areas of peak research interest which still remain high among last year's publications are comparative studies of structural features as well as functional research on of three members of the synuclein family. Another popular research topic in the area is a mechanism of α-synuclein accumulation, aggregation, and fibrillation. Exciting fast-growing area of recent research is α-synuclein and epigenetics. We do not present here a broad and comprehensive review of all directions of studies but summarize only the most significant recent findings relevant to these topics and outline potential future directions.
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15
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Tomas-Grau R, González-Lizárraga F, Ploper D, Avila CL, Socías SB, Besnault P, Tourville A, Mella RM, Villacé P, Salado C, Rose C, Seon-Méniel B, Brunel JM, Ferrié L, Raisman-Vozari R, Michel PP, Figadère B, Chehín R. Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel Demeclocycline Derivative Lacking Antibiotic Activity: From a Hit to a Promising Lead Compound. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172759. [PMID: 36078167 PMCID: PMC9454755 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic tetracycline demeclocycline (DMC) was recently reported to rescue α-synuclein (α-Syn) fibril-induced pathology. However, the antimicrobial activity of DMC precludes its potential use in long-term neuroprotective treatments. Here, we synthesized a doubly reduced DMC (DDMC) derivative with residual antibiotic activity and improved neuroprotective effects. The molecule was obtained by removal the dimethylamino substituent at position 4 and the reduction of the hydroxyl group at position 12a on ring A of DMC. The modifications strongly diminished its antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, this compound preserved the low toxicity of DMC in dopaminergic cell lines while improving its ability to interfere with α-Syn amyloid-like aggregation, showing the highest effectiveness of all tetracyclines tested. Likewise, DDMC demonstrated the ability to reduce seeding induced by the exogenous addition of α-Syn preformed fibrils (α-SynPFF) in biophysical assays and in a SH-SY5Y-α-Syn-tRFP cell model. In addition, DDMC rendered α-SynPFF less inflammogenic. Our results suggest that DDMC may be a promising drug candidate for hit-to-lead development and preclinical studies in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Tomas-Grau
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Florencia González-Lizárraga
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Diego Ploper
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - César L. Avila
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Sergio B. Socías
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Pierre Besnault
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurore Tourville
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rosa M. Mella
- Innoprot SL, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Patricia Villacé
- Innoprot SL, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Clarisa Salado
- Innoprot SL, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Clémence Rose
- BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Brunel
- UMR_MD1 “Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques”, U1261 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Ferrié
- BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick P. Michel
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Figadère
- BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosana Chehín
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.C.)
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16
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Takada F, Kasahara T, Otake K, Maru T, Miwa M, Muto K, Sasaki M, Hirozane Y, Yoshikawa M, Yamaguchi J. Identification of α-Synuclein Proaggregator: Rapid Synthesis and Streamlining RT-QuIC Assays in Parkinson’s Disease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1421-1426. [PMID: 36105342 PMCID: PMC9465709 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
We report the discovery of two compounds, TKD150 and
TKD152, that
promote the aggregation of α-synuclein (aSN) using a real-time
quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay to detect abnormal aSN.
By utilizing a Pd-catalyzed C–H arylation of benzoxazole with
iodoarenes and implementing a planar conformation to the design, we
successfully identified TKD150 and TKD152 as proaggregators for aSN.
In comparison to a previously reported proaggregator, PA86, the two
identified compounds were able to promote aggregation of aSN at twice
the rate. Application of TKD150 and TKD152 to the RT-QuIC assay will
shorten the inherent lag time and may allow wider use of this assay
in clinical settings for the diagnosis of α-synucleinopathy-related
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Takada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Takahito Kasahara
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Otake
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Maru
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Miwa
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirozane
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshikawa
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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17
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Vidović M, Rikalovic MG. Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Pathway in Parkinson's Disease: Current Status and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111732. [PMID: 35681426 PMCID: PMC9179656 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Following Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder, sharing an unclear pathophysiology, a multifactorial profile, and massive social costs worldwide. Despite this, no disease-modifying therapy is available. PD is tightly associated with α-synuclein (α-Syn) deposits, which become organised into insoluble, amyloid fibrils. As a typical intrinsically disordered protein, α-Syn adopts a monomeric, random coil conformation in an aqueous solution, while its interaction with lipid membranes drives the transition of the molecule part into an α-helical structure. The central unstructured region of α-Syn is involved in fibril formation by converting to well-defined, β-sheet rich secondary structures. Presently, most therapeutic strategies against PD are focused on designing small molecules, peptides, and peptidomimetics that can directly target α-Syn and its aggregation pathway. Other approaches include gene silencing, cell transplantation, stimulation of intracellular clearance with autophagy promoters, and degradation pathways based on immunotherapy of amyloid fibrils. In the present review, we sum marise the current advances related to α-Syn aggregation/neurotoxicity. These findings present a valuable arsenal for the further development of efficient, nontoxic, and non-invasive therapeutic protocols for disease-modifying therapy that tackles disease onset and progression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vidović
- Laboratory for Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-16-4276-3221
| | - Milena G. Rikalovic
- Environment and Sustainable Development, Singidunum Univeristy, Danijelova 32, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia;
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18
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Reimer L, Haikal C, Gram H, Theologidis V, Kovacs G, Ruesink H, Baun A, Nielsen J, Otzen DE, Li JY, Jensen PH. Low dose DMSO treatment induces oligomerization and accelerates aggregation of α-synuclein. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3737. [PMID: 35260646 PMCID: PMC8904838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a highly utilized small molecule that serves many purposes in scientific research. DMSO offers unique polar, aprotic and amphiphilic features, which makes it an ideal solvent for a wide variety of both polar and nonpolar molecules. Furthermore, DMSO is often used as a cryoprotectant in cell-based research. However, recent reports suggest that DMSO, even at low concentration, might interfere with important cellular processes, and cause macromolecular changes to proteins where a shift from α-helical to β-sheet structure can be observed. To investigate how DMSO might influence current research, we assessed biochemical and cellular impacts of DMSO treatment on the structure of the aggregation-prone protein α-synuclein, which plays a central role in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease, and other brain-related disorders, collectively termed the synucleinopathies. Here, we found that addition of DMSO increased the particle-size of α-synuclein, and accelerated the formation of seeding-potent fibrils in a dose-dependent manner. These fibrils made in the presence of DMSO were indistinguishable from fibrils made in pure PBS, when assessed by proteolytic digestion, cytotoxic profile and their ability to seed cellular aggregation of α-synuclein. Moreover, as evident through binding to the MJFR-14-6-4-2 antibody, which preferentially recognizes aggregated forms of α-synuclein, and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, cells exposed to DMSO experienced increased aggregation of α-synuclein. However, no observable α-synuclein abnormalities nor differences in neuronal survival were detected after oral DMSO-treatment in either C57BL/6- or α-synuclein transgenic F28 mice. In summary, we demonstrate that low concentrations of DMSO makes α-synuclein susceptible to undergo aggregation both in vitro and in cells. This may affect experimental outcomes when studying α-synuclein in the presence of DMSO, and should call for careful consideration when such experiments are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Reimer
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Caroline Haikal
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hjalte Gram
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vasileios Theologidis
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gergo Kovacs
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Harm Ruesink
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Andreas Baun
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Janni Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center - iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center - iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 110112, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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19
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Devi S, Chaturvedi M, Fatima S, Priya S. Environmental factors modulating protein conformations and their role in protein aggregation diseases. Toxicology 2022; 465:153049. [PMID: 34818560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adverse physiological conditions have been long known to impact protein synthesis, folding and functionality. Major physiological factors such as the effect of pH, temperature, salt and pressure are extensively studied for their impact on protein structure and homeostasis. However, in the current scenario, the environmental risk factors (pollutants) have gained impetus in research because of their increasing concentrations in the environment and strong epidemiologic link with protein aggregation disorders. Here, we review the physiological and environmental risk factors for their impact on protein conformational changes, misfolding, aggregation, and associated pathological conditions, especially environmental risk factors associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Devi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Minal Chaturvedi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Siraj Fatima
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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20
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Galkin M, Priss A, Topcheva O, Yushchenko DA, Shvadchak VV. FRET-based assay for intracellular evaluation of α-synuclein aggregation inhibitors. J Neurochem 2021; 159:901-912. [PMID: 34687236 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of small neuronal protein α-synuclein (αSyn) in amyloid fibrils is considered to be one of the main causes of Parkinson's disease. Inhibition of this aggregation is a promising approach for disease treatment. Dozens of compounds able to inhibit αSyn fibrillization in solution were developed during the last decade. However, the applicability of most of them in the cellular environment was not established because of the absence of a suitable cell-based assay. In this work, we developed an assay for testing αSyn aggregation inhibitors in cells that is based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between labeled αSyn molecules in fibrils. The assay directly reports the amount of fibrillized αSyn and is more reliable than the assays based on cell viability. Moreover, we showed that cell viability decline does not always correlate with the amount of misfolded αSyn. The developed FRET-based assay does not interfere with the aggregation process and is suitable for high-throughput testing of αSyn aggregation inhibitors. Its application can sort out non-specific inhibitors and thus significantly facilitate the development of drugs for Parkinson`s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Galkin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasiia Priss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandra Topcheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro A Yushchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Volodymyr V Shvadchak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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21
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Hommen F, Bilican S, Vilchez D. Protein clearance strategies for disease intervention. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:141-172. [PMID: 34689261 PMCID: PMC8541819 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is essential for cell function and viability. Unwanted, damaged, misfolded and aggregated proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Growing evidence indicates that alterations in these major proteolytic mechanisms lead to a demise in proteostasis, contributing to the onset and development of distinct diseases. Indeed, dysregulation of the UPS or autophagy is linked to several neurodegenerative, infectious and inflammatory disorders as well as cancer. Thus, modulation of protein clearance pathways is a promising approach for therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent findings and open questions on how targeting proteolytic mechanisms could be applied for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hommen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saygın Bilican
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Bisi N, Feni L, Peqini K, Pérez-Peña H, Ongeri S, Pieraccini S, Pellegrino S. α-Synuclein: An All-Inclusive Trip Around its Structure, Influencing Factors and Applied Techniques. Front Chem 2021; 9:666585. [PMID: 34307295 PMCID: PMC8292672 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.666585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is a highly expressed and conserved protein, typically found in the presynaptic terminals of neurons. The misfolding and aggregation of αSyn into amyloid fibrils is a pathogenic hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases called synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease. Since αSyn is an Intrinsically Disordered Protein, the characterization of its structure remains very challenging. Moreover, the mechanisms by which the structural conversion of monomeric αSyn into oligomers and finally into fibrils takes place is still far to be completely understood. Over the years, various studies have provided insights into the possible pathways that αSyn could follow to misfold and acquire oligomeric and fibrillar forms. In addition, it has been observed that αSyn structure can be influenced by different parameters, such as mutations in its sequence, the biological environment (e.g., lipids, endogenous small molecules and proteins), the interaction with exogenous compounds (e.g., drugs, diet components, heavy metals). Herein, we review the structural features of αSyn (wild-type and disease-mutated) that have been elucidated up to present by both experimental and computational techniques in different environmental and biological conditions. We believe that this gathering of current knowledge will further facilitate studies on αSyn, helping the planning of future experiments on the interactions of this protein with targeting molecules especially taking into consideration the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Bisi
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Lucia Feni
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kaliroi Peqini
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Pérez-Peña
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | | | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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23
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Ho DH, Nam D, Jeong S, Seo MK, Park SW, Seol W, Son I. Expression of transduced nucleolin promotes the clearance of accumulated α-synuclein in rodent cells and animal model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105349. [PMID: 33781924 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is a major component of Lewy bodies, which are a known pathogenic marker of Parkinson's disease (PD). The dysfunction of protein degradation machinery causes αSyn accumulation. The reinforcement of αSyn degradation is a potential therapeutic target for PD because accumulated αSyn is responsible for the pathogenesis of PD. Nucleolin (NCL) is essential in the formation of the nucleolar structure. The function of NCL is correlated with oxidative stress-mediated cell death. A previous study demonstrated that NCL overexpression alleviated rotenone-induced neurotoxic effects, whereas knockdown of NCL had the opposite effect. These results suggest that NCL malfunction would exacerbate PD pathology. Thus, it was hypothesized that the introduction of ectopic NCL could rescue α-synucleinopathy in PD. This study investigated whether the ectopic expression of NCL facilitates αSyn clearance. Ectopic expression of NCL was accomplished via the transfection of green fluorescent protein (GFP) or GFP-NCL in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) or transduction of GFP or GFP-NCL using lentivirus in rat primary cortical neurons and mouse substantia nigra. NCL overexpression enhanced the clearance of accumulated or aggregated αSyn in MEFs and rat primary cortical neurons. The activity of the autophagy-lysosome pathway was enhanced by NCL expression. NCL transduction in the substantia nigra, which was co-injected with αSyn fibrils, rescued PD manifestation. The elevation of NCL levels may reflect a therapeutic strategy for α-synucleinopathy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Ho
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daleum Nam
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Seol
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Svanbergsson A, Ek F, Martinsson I, Rodo J, Liu D, Brandi E, Haikal C, Torres-Garcia L, Li W, Gouras G, Olsson R, Björklund T, Li JY. FRET-Based Screening Identifies p38 MAPK and PKC Inhibition as Targets for Prevention of Seeded α-Synuclein Aggregation. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1692-1709. [PMID: 34258749 PMCID: PMC8609038 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein is associated with neurodegeneration and a hallmark pathology in synucleinopathies. These aggregates are thought to function as prion-like particles where the conformation of misfolded α-synuclein determines the traits of the induced pathology, similar to prion diseases. Still, little is known about the molecular targets facilitating the conformation-specific biological effects, but their identification could form the basis for new therapeutic interventions. High-throughput screening of annotated compound libraries could facilitate mechanistic investigation by identifying targets with impact on α-synuclein aggregation. To this end, we developed a FRET-based cellular reporter in HEK293T cells, with sensitivity down to 6.5 nM α-synuclein seeds. Using this model system, we identified GF109203X, SB202190, and SB203580 as inhibitors capable of preventing induction of α-synuclein aggregation via inhibition of p38 MAPK and PKC, respectively. We further investigated the mechanisms underlying the protective effects and found alterations in the endo-lysosomal system to be likely candidates of the protection. We found the changes did not stem from a reduction in uptake but rather alteration of lysosomal abundance and degradative capacity. Our findings highlight the value high-throughput screening brings to the mechanistic investigation of α-synuclein aggregation while simultaneously identifying novel therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Svanbergsson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Neural Plasticity and Repair, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ek
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medicinal Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Rodo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Neural Plasticity and Repair, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Neural Plasticity and Repair, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Brandi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Neural Plasticity and Repair, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Haikal
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Neural Plasticity and Repair, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Torres-Garcia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Neural Plasticity and Repair, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Dementia Research, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Neural Plasticity and Repair, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medicinal Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Björklund
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Neural Plasticity and Repair, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110112, China.
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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25
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Potent inhibitors of toxic alpha-synuclein identified via cellular time-resolved FRET biosensors. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:52. [PMID: 34183676 PMCID: PMC8238948 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a high-throughput drug discovery platform, measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with fluorescent alpha-synuclein (αSN) biosensors, to detect spontaneous pre-fibrillar oligomers in living cells. Our two αSN FRET biosensors provide complementary insight into αSN oligomerization and conformation in order to improve the success of drug discovery campaigns for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We measure FRET by fluorescence lifetime, rather than traditional fluorescence intensity, providing a structural readout with greater resolution and precision. This facilitates identification of compounds that cause subtle but significant conformational changes in the ensemble of oligomeric states that are easily missed using intensity-based FRET. We screened a 1280-compound small-molecule library and identified 21 compounds that changed the lifetime by >5 SD. Two of these compounds have nanomolar potency in protecting SH-SY5Y cells from αSN-induced death, providing a nearly tenfold improvement over known inhibitors. We tested the efficacy of several compounds in a primary mouse neuron assay of αSN pathology (phosphorylation of mouse αSN pre-formed fibrils) and show rescue of pathology for two of them. These hits were further characterized with biophysical and biochemical assays to explore potential mechanisms of action. In vitro αSN oligomerization, single-molecule FRET, and protein-observed fluorine NMR experiments demonstrate that these compounds modulate αSN oligomers but not monomers. Subsequent aggregation assays further show that these compounds also deter or block αSN fibril assembly.
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26
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α-Helical peptidic scaffolds to target α-synuclein toxic species with nanomolar affinity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3752. [PMID: 34145261 PMCID: PMC8213730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein aggregation is a key driver of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease and related syndromes. Accordingly, obtaining a molecule that targets α-synuclein toxic assemblies with high affinity is a long-pursued objective. Here, we exploit the biophysical properties of toxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils to identify a family of α-helical peptides that bind to these α-synuclein species with low nanomolar affinity, without interfering with the monomeric functional protein. This activity is translated into a high anti-aggregation potency and the ability to abrogate oligomer-induced cell damage. Using a structure-guided search we identify a human peptide expressed in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract with analogous binding, anti-aggregation, and detoxifying properties. The chemical entities we describe here may represent a therapeutic avenue for the synucleinopathies and are promising tools to assist diagnosis by discriminating between native and toxic α-synuclein species.
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27
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Kara E, Crimi A, Wiedmer A, Emmenegger M, Manzoni C, Bandres-Ciga S, D'Sa K, Reynolds RH, Botía JA, Losa M, Lysenko V, Carta M, Heinzer D, Avar M, Chincisan A, Blauwendraat C, García-Ruiz S, Pease D, Mottier L, Carrella A, Beck-Schneider D, Magalhães AD, Aemisegger C, Theocharides APA, Fan Z, Marks JD, Hopp SC, Abramov AY, Lewis PA, Ryten M, Hardy J, Hyman BT, Aguzzi A. An integrated genomic approach to dissect the genetic landscape regulating the cell-to-cell transfer of α-synuclein. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109189. [PMID: 34107263 PMCID: PMC8207177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathological and experimental evidence suggests that the cell-to-cell transfer of α-synuclein has an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not fully understood. We undertook a small interfering RNA (siRNA), genome-wide screen to identify genes regulating the cell-to-cell transfer of α-synuclein. A genetically encoded reporter, GFP-2A-αSynuclein-RFP, suitable for separating donor and recipient cells, was transiently transfected into HEK cells stably overexpressing α-synuclein. We find that 38 genes regulate the transfer of α-synuclein-RFP, one of which is ITGA8, a candidate gene identified through a recent PD genome-wide association study (GWAS). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and weighted protein-protein network interaction analysis (WPPNIA) show that those hits cluster in networks that include known PD genes more frequently than expected by random chance. The findings expand our understanding of the mechanism of α-synuclein spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanna Kara
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland; Department of Neurodegenerative disease, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alessandro Crimi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Anne Wiedmer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Karishma D'Sa
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Regina H Reynolds
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juan A Botía
- Department of Neurodegenerative disease, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Marco Losa
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Lysenko
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Manfredi Carta
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Heinzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Merve Avar
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Andra Chincisan
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | | | - Sonia García-Ruiz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Pease
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Lorene Mottier
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Carrella
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Dezirae Beck-Schneider
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Andreia D Magalhães
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Aemisegger
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre P A Theocharides
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Zhanyun Fan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jordan D Marks
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sarah C Hopp
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- Department of Neurodegenerative disease, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative disease, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PJ, UK; Institute for Advanced Study, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.
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28
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Andersen CB, Yoshimura Y, Nielsen J, Otzen DE, Mulder FAA. How epigallocatechin gallate binds and assembles oligomeric forms of human alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100788. [PMID: 34019875 PMCID: PMC8191297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered human protein α-synuclein (αSN) can self-associate into oligomers and amyloid fibrils. Several lines of evidence suggest that oligomeric αSN is cytotoxic, making it important to devise strategies to either prevent oligomer formation and/or inhibit the ensuing toxicity. (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has emerged as a molecular modulator of αSN self-assembly, as it reduces the flexibility of the C-terminal region of αSN in the oligomer and inhibits the oligomer's ability to perturb phospholipid membranes and induce cell death. However, a detailed structural and kinetic characterization of this interaction is still lacking. Here, we use liquid-state NMR spectroscopy to investigate how EGCG interacts with monomeric and oligomeric forms of αSN. We find that EGCG can bind to all parts of monomeric αSN but exhibits highest affinity for the N-terminal region. Monomeric αSN binds ∼54 molecules of EGCG in total during oligomerization. Furthermore, kinetic data suggest that EGCG dimerization is coupled with the αSN association reaction. In contrast, preformed oligomers only bind ∼7 EGCG molecules per protomer, in agreement with the more compact nature of the oligomer compared with the natively unfolded monomer. In previously conducted cell assays, as little as 0.36 EGCG per αSN reduce oligomer toxicity by 50%. Our study thus demonstrates that αSN cytotoxicity can be inhibited by small molecules at concentrations at least an order of magnitude below full binding capacity. We speculate this is due to cooperative binding of protein-stabilized EGCG dimers, which in turn implies synergy between protein association and EGCG dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla B Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yuichi Yoshimura
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Janni Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Frans A A Mulder
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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29
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Priss A, Afitska K, Galkin M, Yushchenko DA, Shvadchak VV. Rationally Designed Protein-Based Inhibitor of α-Synuclein Fibrillization in Cells. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6827-6837. [PMID: 33970620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding of the neuronal protein α-synuclein (αSyn) into amyloid fibrils is involved in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), and inhibition of this process is considered to be a promising therapeutic approach. In this work, we engineered protein inhibitors that bind to fibrils with higher affinity than the monomeric αSyn. They were developed based on the recent structural data of the αSyn fibrils and were shown to prevent fibril elongation upon binding to fibril ends. These inhibitors are highly selective to the misfolded αSyn, nontoxic, and active in cytosol in small concentrations. The best-performing inhibitor shows IC50 ∼10 nM in a cell-based assay, which corresponds to the ∼1:60 molar ratio to αSyn. It can suppress the formation of αSyn aggregates in cells that can be potentially used to slow down the spreading of the pathological aggregates from cell to cell during the course of the PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Priss
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Kseniia Afitska
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Maksym Galkin
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro A Yushchenko
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.,Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, Bergisch Gladbach D-51429, Germany
| | - Volodymyr V Shvadchak
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
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30
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Sharma R, Srivastava T, Pandey AR, Mishra T, Gupta B, Reddy SS, Singh SP, Narender T, Tripathi A, Chandramouli B, Sashidhara KV, Priya S, Kumar N. Identification of Natural Products as Potential Pharmacological Chaperones for Protein Misfolding Diseases. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2146-2156. [PMID: 33760394 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Defective protein folding and accumulation of misfolded proteins is associated with neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, secretory, and metabolic disorders. Efforts are being made to identify small-molecule modulators or structural-correctors for conformationally destabilized proteins implicated in various protein aggregation diseases. Using a metastable-reporter-based primary screen, we evaluated pharmacological chaperone activity of a diverse class of natural products. We found that a flavonoid glycoside (C-10, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) stabilizes metastable proteins, prevents its aggregation, and remodels the oligomers into protease-sensitive species. Data was corroborated with additional secondary screen with disease-specific pathogenic protein. In vitro and cell-based experiments showed that C-10 inhibits α-synuclein aggregation which is implicated in synucleinopathies-related neurodegeneration. C-10 interferes in its structural transition into β-sheeted fibrils and mitigates α-synuclein aggregation-associated cytotoxic effects. Computational modeling suggests that C-10 binds to unique sites in α-synuclein which may interfere in its aggregation amplification. These findings open an avenue for comprehensive SAR development for flavonoid glycosides as pharmacological chaperones for metastable and aggregation-prone proteins implicated in protein conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tulika Srivastava
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Alka Raj Pandey
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyashri Gupta
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Suriya P Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Aradhya Tripathi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Niti Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
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31
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Nahass GR, Sun Y, Xu Y, Batchelor M, Reilly M, Benilova I, Kedia N, Spehar K, Sobott F, Sessions RB, Caughey B, Radford SE, Jat PS, Collinge J, Bieschke J. Brazilin Removes Toxic Alpha-Synuclein and Seeding Competent Assemblies from Parkinson Brain by Altering Conformational Equilibrium. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166878. [PMID: 33610557 PMCID: PMC7610480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils, a major constituent of the neurotoxic Lewy Bodies in Parkinson's disease, form via nucleation dependent polymerization and can replicate by a seeding mechanism. Brazilin, a small molecule derived from red cedarwood trees in Brazil, has been shown to inhibit the fibrillogenesis of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and α-syn as well as remodel mature fibrils and reduce cytotoxicity. Here we test the effects of Brazilin on both seeded and unseeded α-syn fibril formation and show that the natural polyphenol inhibits fibrillogenesis of α-syn by a unique mechanism that alters conformational equilibria in two separate points of the assembly mechanism: Brazilin preserves the natively unfolded state of α-syn by specifically binding to the compact conformation of the α-syn monomer. Brazilin also eliminates seeding competence of α-syn assemblies from Parkinson's disease patient brain tissue, and reduces toxicity of pre-formed assemblies in primary neurons by inducing the formation of large fibril clusters. Molecular docking of Brazilin shows the molecule to interact both with unfolded α-syn monomers and with the cross-β sheet structure of α-syn fibrils. Our findings suggest that Brazilin has substantial potential as a neuroprotective and therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Nahass
- Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, USA; Medical Research Council Prion Unit / UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK; Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Yuanzi Sun
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit / UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yong Xu
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Batchelor
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit / UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Madeleine Reilly
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit / UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iryna Benilova
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit / UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niraja Kedia
- Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Spehar
- Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frank Sobott
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Byron Caughey
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Parmjit S Jat
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit / UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Collinge
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit / UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Bieschke
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit / UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK; Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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32
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Staats R, Michaels TCT, Flagmeier P, Chia S, Horne RI, Habchi J, Linse S, Knowles TPJ, Dobson CM, Vendruscolo M. Screening of small molecules using the inhibition of oligomer formation in α-synuclein aggregation as a selection parameter. Commun Chem 2020; 3:191. [PMID: 36703335 PMCID: PMC9814678 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein is a central event in Parkinsons's disease and related synucleinopathies. Since pharmacologically targeting this process, however, has not yet resulted in approved disease-modifying treatments, there is an unmet need of developing novel methods of drug discovery. In this context, the use of chemical kinetics has recently enabled accurate quantifications of the microscopic steps leading to the proliferation of protein misfolded oligomers. As these species are highly neurotoxic, effective therapeutic strategies may be aimed at reducing their numbers. Here, we exploit this quantitative approach to develop a screening strategy that uses the reactive flux toward α-synuclein oligomers as a selection parameter. Using this approach, we evaluate the efficacy of a library of flavone derivatives, identifying apigenin as a compound that simultaneously delays and reduces the formation of α-synuclein oligomers. These results demonstrate a compound selection strategy based on the inhibition of the formation of α-synuclein oligomers, which may be key in identifying small molecules in drug discovery pipelines for diseases associated with α-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxine Staats
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Thomas C. T. Michaels
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XPaulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Sean Chia
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert I. Horne
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Johnny Habchi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Sara Linse
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Chemistry, Division for Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
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33
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González-Lizárraga F, Ploper D, Ávila CL, Socías SB, Dos-Santos-Pereira M, Machín B, Del-Bel E, Michel PP, Pietrasanta LI, Raisman-Vozari R, Chehín R. CMT-3 targets different α-synuclein aggregates mitigating their toxic and inflammogenic effects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20258. [PMID: 33219264 PMCID: PMC7679368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which only symptomatic treatments are available. Repurposing drugs that target α-synuclein aggregation, considered one of the main drivers of PD progression, could accelerate the development of disease-modifying therapies. In this work, we focused on chemically modified tetracycline 3 (CMT-3), a derivative with reduced antibiotic activity that crosses the blood–brain barrier and is pharmacologically safe. We found that CMT-3 inhibited α-synuclein amyloid aggregation and led to the formation of non-toxic molecular species, unlike minocycline. Furthermore, CMT-3 disassembled preformed α-synuclein amyloid fibrils into smaller fragments that were unable to seed in subsequent aggregation reactions. Most interestingly, disaggregated species were non-toxic and less inflammogenic on brain microglial cells. Finally, we modelled the interactions between CMT-3 and α-synuclein aggregates by molecular simulations. In this way, we propose a mechanism for fibril disassembly. Our results place CMT-3 as a potential disease modifier for PD and possibly other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia González-Lizárraga
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Diego Ploper
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - César L Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sergio B Socías
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Belén Machín
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patrick Pierre Michel
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Lía I Pietrasanta
- Departamento de Física-Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA, UBA-CONICET) and Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas (CMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France.
| | - Rosana Chehín
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada (IMMCA) (CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA), Pasaje Dorrego 1080, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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34
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Fast kinetics of environmentally induced α-synuclein aggregation mediated by structural alteration in NAC region and result in structure dependent cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18412. [PMID: 33110167 PMCID: PMC7591854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is associated with the manifestation of various pathogenic synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease attributed to both genetic and environmental stress factors. The initial events triggering α-syn aggregation and disease initiation due to environmental stress factors are still largely unknown. Here, to understand the mechanism of misfolding and aggregation initiation, we induced α-syn aggregation with rotenone, an established chemical inducer of PD like symptoms. We found that rotenone accelerates the formation of structurally distinct oligomers and fibrils that act as templates and increase the formation of conformers capable of spreading to the neighboring neuronal cells. Molecular dynamics simulations and NMR studies revealed the involvement of NAC region and formation of helical conformations resulting in structural variations in oligomers and fibrils. These structural variations affect the cytotoxic potential of oligomers and fibrils, where, the beta sheet rich oligomers and fibrils alter the membrane potential of neuronal cells and lead to early apoptosis. Our results describe the initial mechanistic events in pathogenic protein aggregation, where initial structural alterations in response to external stress factors dictate the toxicity of resulting conformers. This information will further provide insights in the understanding of protein aggregation, disease progression and pathogenesis.
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35
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Peña-Díaz S, Pujols J, Pinheiro F, Santos J, Pallarés I, Navarro S, Conde-Gimenez M, García J, Salvatella X, Dalfó E, Sancho J, Ventura S. Inhibition of α-Synuclein Aggregation and Mature Fibril Disassembling With a Minimalistic Compound, ZPDm. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:588947. [PMID: 33178678 PMCID: PMC7597392 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.588947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of α-Synuclein amyloid inclusions in the brain. Preventing α-Synuclein aggregation is challenging because of the disordered nature of the protein and the stochastic nature of fibrillogenesis, but, at the same time, it is a promising approach for therapeutic intervention in these pathologies. A high-throughput screening initiative allowed us to discover ZPDm, the smallest active molecule in a library of more than 14.000 compounds. Although the ZPDm structure is highly related to that of the previously described ZPD-2 aggregation inhibitor, we show here that their mechanisms of action are entirely different. ZPDm inhibits the aggregation of wild-type, A30P, and H50Q α-Synuclein variants in vitro and interferes with α-Synuclein seeded aggregation in protein misfolding cyclic amplification assays. However, ZPDm distinctive feature is its strong potency to dismantle preformed α-Synuclein amyloid fibrils. Studies in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Parkinson's Disease, prove that these in vitro properties are translated into a significant reduction in the accumulation of α-Synuclein inclusions in ZPDm treated animals. Together with previous data, the present work illustrates how different chemical groups on top of a common molecular scaffold can result in divergent but complementary anti-amyloid activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Peña-Díaz
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pujols
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisca Pinheiro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Santos
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irantzu Pallarés
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Navarro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Conde-Gimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, and Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús García
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Dalfó
- Medicine, M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Sancho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, and Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Eskandari H, Ghanadian M, Noleto-Dias C, Lomax C, Tawfike A, Christiansen G, Sutherland DS, Ward JL, Mohammad-Beigi H, Otzen DE. Inhibitors of α-Synuclein Fibrillation and Oligomer Toxicity in Rosa damascena: The All-Pervading Powers of Flavonoids and Phenolic Glycosides. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3161-3173. [PMID: 32886481 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an intense search for natural compounds that can inhibit the oligomerization and fibrillation of α-synuclein (α-Syn), whose aggregation is key to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rosa damascena is a medicinal herb widely used in Middle Eastern food, ceremonies, and perfumes. The herb is known to contain many different polyphenols. Here we investigated the existence of α-Syn fibrillation inhibitors in R. damascena extract. Different HPLC fractions of the extract were assessed in α-Syn fibrillation and toxicity assays. The most active fractions led to the formation of more α-Syn oligomers but with less toxicity to SH-SY5Y cells, according to MTT and LDH assays. LC-MS analysis identified gallic acid, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside, and quercetin which were subsequently shown to be strong α-Syn fibrillation inhibitors. Our results highlight the benefits of R. damascena extract to combat PD at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Eskandari
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK− 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Clarice Noleto-Dias
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Charlotte Lomax
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Ahmed Tawfike
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Department of Biomedicine-Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Duncan S. Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK− 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jane L. Ward
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Hossein Mohammad-Beigi
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK− 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK− 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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37
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Tsuji T, Yoshinaga S, Takeda M, Sato T, Sonoda A, Ishida N, Yunoki K, Toda E, Terashima Y, Matsushima K, Terasawa H. Rational Design of Monodispersed Mutants of Proteins by Identifying Aggregation Contact Sites Using Solubilizing Agents. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3639-3649. [PMID: 32929969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of protein aggregation is a subject of growing importance in the treatment of protein aggregation diseases, an urgent worldwide human health problem, and the production of therapeutic proteins, such as antibody drugs. We previously reported a method to identify compounds that suppress aggregation, based on screening using multiple terminal deletion mutants. We now present a method to determine the aggregation contact sites of proteins, using such solubilizing compounds, to design monodispersed mutants. We applied this strategy to the chemokine receptor-binding domain (CRBD) of FROUNT, which binds to the membrane-proximal C-terminal intracellular region of CCR2. Initially, the backbone NMR signals were assigned to a certain extent by available methods, and the putative locations of five α-helices were identified. Based on NMR chemical shift perturbations upon varying the protein concentrations, the first and third helices were found to contain the aggregation contact sites. The two helices are amphiphilic, and based on an NMR titration with 1,6-hexanediol, a CRBD solubilizing compound, the contact sites were identified as the hydrophobic patches located on the hydrophilic sides of the two helices. Subsequently, we designed multiple mutants targeting amino acid residues on the contact sites. Based on their NMR spectra, a doubly mutated CRBD (L538E/P612S) was selected from the designed mutants, and its monodispersed nature was confirmed by other biophysical methods. We then assessed the CCR2-binding activities of the mutants. Our method is useful for the protein structural analyses, the treatment of protein aggregation diseases, and the improvement of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuichiro Tsuji
- Department of Structural BioImaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Sosuke Yoshinaga
- Department of Structural BioImaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Structural BioImaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sato
- Department of Structural BioImaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sonoda
- Department of Structural BioImaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Norihito Ishida
- Department of Structural BioImaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kaori Yunoki
- Department of Structural BioImaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Etsuko Toda
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan.,Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yuya Terashima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Terasawa
- Department of Structural BioImaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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38
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Hatton C, Reeve A, Lax NZ, Blain A, Ng YS, El-Agnaf O, Attems J, Taylor JP, Turnbull D, Erskine D. Complex I reductions in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Lewy body dementia: the role of Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:103. [PMID: 32646480 PMCID: PMC7346628 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) are vulnerable to Lewy body formation and neuronal loss, which is thought to underlie cognitive dysfunction in Lewy body dementia (LBD). There is continued debate about whether Lewy bodies exert a neurodegenerative effect by affecting mitochondria, or whether they represent a protective mechanism. Therefore, the present study sought to determine whether the nbM is subject to mitochondrial dysfunctional in LBD and the association of Lewy body formation with such changes. Post-mortem nbM tissue was stained for Complex I or IV and quantitated relative to porin with immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy of individual cells from LBD (303 neurons, 8 cases), control (362 neurons, 8 cases) and asymptomatic incidental LBD (iLBD) cases (99 neurons, 2 cases). Additionally, α-synuclein, tau and amyloid-β pathology were analysed using quantitative immunohistochemistry, and respiratory chain markers were compared in cells with Lewy bodies (N = 134) and unaffected cells (N = 272). The expression of Complex I normalised to mitochondrial mass was significantly lower in LBD compared to control and iLBD cases and this was unrelated to local neuropathological burdens but trended toward a relationship with neuronal loss. Furthermore, Complex I expression was higher in cells with Lewy bodies compared to adjacent cells without α-synuclein aggregates. These findings suggest that Complex I deficits in the nbM occur in symptomatic LBD cases and may relate to neuronal loss, but that contrary to the view that Lewy body formation underlies neuronal dysfunction and damage in LBD, Lewy bodies are associated with higher Complex I expression than neurons without Lewy bodies. One could speculate that Lewy bodies may provide a mechanism to encapsulate damaged mitochondria and/or α-synuclein oligomers, thus protecting neurons from their cytotoxic effects.
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39
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Tira R, De Cecco E, Rigamonti V, Santambrogio C, Barracchia CG, Munari F, Romeo A, Legname G, Prosperi D, Grandori R, Assfalg M. Dynamic molecular exchange and conformational transitions of alpha-synuclein at the nano-bio interface. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:206-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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PrPSc Oligomerization Appears Dynamic, Quickly Engendering Inherent M1000 Acute Synaptotoxicity. Biophys J 2020; 119:128-141. [PMID: 32562618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders pathogenically linked to cellular prion protein (PrPC) misfolding into abnormal conformers (PrPSc), with PrPSc underpinning both transmission and synaptotoxicity. Although the biophysical features of PrPSc required to induce acute synaptic dysfunction remain incompletely defined, we recently reported that acutely synaptotoxic PrPSc appeared to be oligomeric. We herein provide further insights into the kinetic and requisite biophysical characteristics of acutely synaptotoxic ex vivo PrPSc derived from the brains of mice dying from M1000 prion disease. Pooled fractions of M1000 PrPSc located within the molecular weight range approximating monomeric PrP (mM1000) generated through size exclusion chromatography were found to harbor acute synaptotoxicity equivalent to preformed oligomeric fractions (oM1000). Subsequent investigation showed mM1000 corresponded to PrPSc rapidly concatenating in physiological buffer to exist as predominantly, closely associated, small oligomers. The oligomerization of PrP in mM1000 could be substantially mitigated by treatment with the antiaggregation compound epigallocatechin gallate, thereby maintaining the PrPSc as primarily nonoligomeric with completely abrogated acute synaptotoxicity; moreover, despite epigallocatechin gallate treatment, pooled oM1000 remained oligomeric and acutely synaptotoxic. A similar tendency to rapid formation of oligomers was observed for PrPC when monomeric fractions derived from size exclusion chromatography of normal brain homogenates (mNBH) were pooled, but neither mNBH nor preformed higher-order NBH complexes (oNBH) were acutely synaptotoxic. Oligomers formed from mNBH could be reduced to mainly monomers (<100 kDa) after enzymatic digestion of nucleic acids, whereas higher-order PrP assemblies derived from pooled mM1000, oM1000, and oNBH resisted such treatment. Collectively, these findings support that oligomerization of PrPSc into small multimeric assemblies appears to be a critical biophysical feature for engendering inherent acute synaptotoxicity, with preformed oligomers found in oM1000 appearing to be stable, tightly self-associated ensembles that coexist in dynamic equilibrium with mM1000, with the latter appearing capable of rapid aggregation, albeit initially forming smaller, weakly self-associated, acutely synaptotoxic oligomers.
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Alijanvand SH, Christensen MH, Christiansen G, Harikandei KB, Salehi P, Schiøtt B, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Otzen DE. Novel noscapine derivatives stabilize the native state of insulin against fibrillation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pujols J, Peña-Díaz S, Pallarès I, Ventura S. Chemical Chaperones as Novel Drugs for Parkinson's Disease. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:408-421. [PMID: 32277934 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of deposits of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. The pivotal role of α-syn aggregation in PD makes it an attractive target for potential disease-modifying therapies. However, the disordered nature of the protein, its multistep aggregation mechanism, and the lack of structural information on intermediate species complicate the discovery of modulators of α-syn amyloid deposition. Despite these difficulties, small molecules have been shown to block the misfolding and aggregation of α-syn, and can even disentangle mature α-syn amyloid fibrils. In this review we provide an updated overview of these leading small compounds and discuss how these chemical chaperones hold great promise to alter the course of PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Pujols
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Samuel Peña-Díaz
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Irantzu Pallarès
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Rasagiline and selegiline modulate mitochondrial homeostasis, intervene apoptosis system and mitigate α-synuclein cytotoxicity in disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:131-147. [PMID: 31993732 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease has been considered as a motor neuron disease with dopamine (DA) deficit caused by neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, but now proposed as a multi-system disorder associated with α-synuclein accumulation in neuronal and non-neuronal systems. Neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease has intended to halt or reverse cell death of nigro-striatal DA neurons and prevent the disease progression, but clinical studies have not presented enough beneficial results, except the trial of rasagiline by delayed start design at low dose of 1 mg/day only. Now strategy of disease-modifying therapy should be reconsidered taking consideration of accumulation and toxicity of α-synuclein preceding the manifest of motor symptoms. Hitherto neuroprotective therapy has been aimed to mitigate non-specific risk factors; oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, deficits of neurotrophic factors (NTFs), inflammation and accumulation of pathogenic protein. Future disease-modify therapy should target more specified pathogenic factors, including deregulated mitochondrial homeostasis, deficit of NTFs and α-synuclein toxicity. Selegiline and rasagiline, inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, have been proved to exhibit potent neuroprotective function: regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis system, maintenance of mitochondrial function, increased expression of genes coding antioxidant enzymes, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-survival NTFs, and suppression of oligomerization and aggregation of α-synuclein and the toxicity in cellular and animal experiments. However, the present available pharmacological therapy starts too late to reverse disease progression, and future disease-modifying therapy should include also non-pharmacological complementary therapy during the prodromal stage.
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Poulson BG, Szczepski K, Lachowicz JI, Jaremko L, Emwas AH, Jaremko M. Aggregation of biologically important peptides and proteins: inhibition or acceleration depending on protein and metal ion concentrations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:215-227. [PMID: 35492549 PMCID: PMC9047971 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09350h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of aggregation of proteins and peptides is dependent on the concentration of proteins, and the rate of aggregation can be altered by the presence of metal ions, but this dependence is not always a straightforward relationship. In general, aggregation does not occur under normal physiological conditions, yet it can be induced in the presence of certain metal ions. However, the extent of the influence of metal ion interactions on protein aggregation has not yet been fully comprehended. A consensus has thus been difficult to reach because the acceleration/inhibition of the aggregation of proteins in the presence of metal ions depends on several factors such as pH and the concentration of the aggregated proteins involved as well as metal concentration level of metal ions. Metal ions, like Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+etc. may either accelerate or inhibit aggregation simply because the experimental conditions affect the behavior of biomolecules. It is clear that understanding the relationship between metal ion concentration and protein aggregation will prove useful for future scientific applications. This review focuses on the dependence of the aggregation of selected important biomolecules (peptides and proteins) on metal ion concentrations. We review proteins that are prone to aggregation, the result of which can cause serious neurodegenerative disorders. Furthering our understanding of the relationship between metal ion concentration and protein aggregation will prove useful for future scientific applications, such as finding therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. The process of aggregation of proteins and peptides is dependent on the concentration of proteins, and the rate of aggregation can be altered by the presence of metal ions, but this dependence is not always a straightforward relationship.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gabriel Poulson
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health
- University of Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- Italy
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
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45
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Novel Small Molecules Targeting the Intrinsically Disordered Structural Ensemble of α-Synuclein Protect Against Diverse α-Synuclein Mediated Dysfunctions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16947. [PMID: 31740740 PMCID: PMC6861283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The over-expression and aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) are linked to the onset and pathology of Parkinson’s disease. Native monomeric αSyn exists in an intrinsically disordered ensemble of interconverting conformations, which has made its therapeutic targeting by small molecules highly challenging. Nonetheless, here we successfully target the monomeric structural ensemble of αSyn and thereby identify novel drug-like small molecules that impact multiple pathogenic processes. Using a surface plasmon resonance high-throughput screen, in which monomeric αSyn is incubated with microchips arrayed with tethered compounds, we identified novel αSyn interacting drug-like compounds. Because these small molecules could impact a variety of αSyn forms present in the ensemble, we tested representative hits for impact on multiple αSyn malfunctions in vitro and in cells including aggregation and perturbation of vesicular dynamics. We thereby identified a compound that inhibits αSyn misfolding and is neuroprotective, multiple compounds that restore phagocytosis impaired by αSyn overexpression, and a compound blocking cellular transmission of αSyn. Our studies demonstrate that drug-like small molecules that interact with native αSyn can impact a variety of its pathological processes. Thus, targeting the intrinsically disordered ensemble of αSyn offers a unique approach to the development of small molecule research tools and therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease.
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Kyriukha YA, Afitska K, Kurochka AS, Sachan S, Galkin M, Yushchenko DA, Shvadchak VV. α-Synuclein Dimers as Potent Inhibitors of Fibrillization. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10342-10351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yevhenii A. Kyriukha
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kseniia Afitska
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrii S. Kurochka
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Shubhra Sachan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maksym Galkin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro A. Yushchenko
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Group of Bioconjugation Chemistry, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, D-51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Volodymyr V. Shvadchak
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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González N, Gentile I, Garro HA, Delgado-Ocaña S, Ramunno CF, Buratti FA, Griesinger C, Fernández CO. Metal coordination and peripheral substitution modulate the activity of cyclic tetrapyrroles on αS aggregation: a structural and cell-based study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1269-1278. [PMID: 31486955 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of aggregation inhibitors and the elucidation of their mechanism of action are key in the quest to mitigate the toxic consequences of amyloid formation. We have previously characterized the antiamyloidogenic mechanism of action of sodium phtalocyanine tetrasulfonate ([Na4(H2PcTS)]) on α-Synuclein (αS), demonstrating that specific aromatic interactions are fundamental for the inhibition of amyloid assembly. Here we studied the influence that metal preferential affinity and peripheral substituents may have on the activity of tetrapyrrolic compounds on αS aggregation. For the first time, our laboratory has extended the studies in the field of the bioinorganic chemistry and biophysics to cellular biology, using a well-established cell-based model to study αS aggregation. The interaction scenario described in our work revealed that both N- and C-terminal regions of αS represent binding interfaces for the studied compounds, a behavior that is mainly driven by the presence of negatively or positively charged substituents located at the periphery of the macrocycle. Binding modes of the tetrapyrrole ligands to αS are determined by the planarity and hydrophobicity of the aromatic ring system in the tetrapyrrolic molecule and/or the preferential affinity of the metal ion conjugated at the center of the macrocyclic ring. The different capability of phthalocyanines and meso-tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetrachloride ([H2PrTPCl4]) to modulate αS aggregation in vitro was reproduced in cell-based models of αS aggregation, demonstrating unequivocally that the modulation exerted by these compounds on amyloid assembly is a direct consequence of their interaction with the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno González
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Iñaki Gentile
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo A Garro
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.,Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Susana Delgado-Ocaña
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carla F Ramunno
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fiamma A Buratti
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudio O Fernández
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina. .,Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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48
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Agerschou ED, Flagmeier P, Saridaki T, Galvagnion C, Komnig D, Heid L, Prasad V, Shaykhalishahi H, Willbold D, Dobson CM, Voigt A, Falkenburger B, Hoyer W, Buell AK. An engineered monomer binding-protein for α-synuclein efficiently inhibits the proliferation of amyloid fibrils. eLife 2019; 8:46112. [PMID: 31389332 PMCID: PMC6721797 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Removing or preventing the formation of α-synuclein aggregates is a plausible strategy against Parkinson’s disease. To this end, we have engineered the β-wrapin AS69 to bind monomeric α-synuclein with high affinity. In cultured cells, AS69 reduced the self-interaction of α-synuclein and formation of visible α-synuclein aggregates. In flies, AS69 reduced α-synuclein aggregates and the locomotor deficit resulting from α-synuclein expression in neuronal cells. In biophysical experiments in vitro, AS69 highly sub-stoichiometrically inhibited both primary and autocatalytic secondary nucleation processes, even in the presence of a large excess of monomer. We present evidence that the AS69-α-synuclein complex, rather than the free AS69, is the inhibitory species responsible for sub-stoichiometric inhibition of secondary nucleation. These results represent a new paradigm that high affinity monomer binders can lead to strongly sub-stoichiometric inhibition of nucleation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Céline Galvagnion
- RG Mechanisms of Neuroprotection, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Drug Design, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laetitia Heid
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vibha Prasad
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hamed Shaykhalishahi
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Dresden University Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,JARA BRAIN Institute II, Julich and Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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49
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Ho G, Takamatsu Y, Waragai M, Wada R, Sugama S, Takenouchi T, Fujita M, Ali A, Hsieh MHI, Hashimoto M. Current and future clinical utilities of Parkinson's disease and dementia biomarkers: can they help us conquer the disease? Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:1149-1161. [PMID: 31359797 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1649141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are essential, not only for disease detection, but also provide insight into potential disease relationships leading to better detection and therapy. As metabolic disease is known to increase neurodegeneration risk, such mechanisms may reveal such novel targets for PD and AD. Moreover, metabolic disease, including insulin resistance, offer novel biomarker and therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration, including glucagon-like-peptide-1, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and adiponectin. Areas covered: The authors reviewed PubMed-listed research articles, including ours, on a number of putative PD, AD and neurodegenerative disease targets of interest, focusing on the relevance of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance mechanisms, especially type II diabetes, to PD and AD. We highlighted various issues surrounding the current state of knowledge and propose avenues for future development. Expert opinion: Biomarkers for PD and AD are indispensable for disease diagnosis, prognostication and tracking disease severity, especially for clinical therapy trials. Although no validated PD biomarkers exist, their potential utility has generated tremendous interest. Combining insulin-resistance biomarkers with other core biomarkers or using them to predict non-motor symptoms of PD may be clinically useful. Collectively, although still unclear, potential biomarkers and therapies can aid in shedding new light on novel aspects of both PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute , Poway , CA , USA
| | | | - Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Masayo Fujita
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Alysha Ali
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute , Poway , CA , USA
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50
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Liu H, Chen L, Zhou F, Zhang YX, Xu J, Xu M, Bai SP. Anti-oligomerization sheet molecules: Design, synthesis and evaluation of inhibitory activities against α-synuclein aggregation. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3089-3096. [PMID: 31196755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) play a key role in the development of Parkinson Disease (PD). One of the effective approaches is to stabilize the native, monomeric protein with suitable molecule ligands. We have designed and synthesized a series of sheet-like conjugated compounds which possess different skeletons and various heteroatoms in the two blocks located at both ends of linker, which have good π-electron delocalization and high ability of hydrogen-bond formation. They have shown anti-aggregation activities in vitro towards α-Syn with IC50 down to 1.09 μM. The molecule is found binding in parallel to the NACore within NAC domain of α-Syn, interfering aggregation of NAC region within different α-Syn monomer, and further inhibiting or slowing down the formation of α-Syn oligomer nuclei at lag phase. The potential inhibitor obtained by our strategy is considered to be highly efficient to inhibit α-Syn aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Ji Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Information of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Road 1, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su-Ping Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road 601, 453003 Xinxiang, China.
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