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Smotherman C, Sprague B, Datta S, Braithwaite D, Qin H, Yaghjyan L. Association of air pollution with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in UK Biobank. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:83. [PMID: 37443054 PMCID: PMC10339564 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association of several air pollution measures with postmenopausal breast cancer (BCa) risk. METHODS This study included 155,235 postmenopausal women (of which 6146 with BCa) from UK Biobank. Cancer diagnoses were ascertained through the linkage to the UK National Health Service Central Registers. Annual exposure averages were available from 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2010 for NO2, from 2007 and 2010 for PM10, and from 2010 for PM2.5, NOX, PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 absorbance. Information on BCa risk factors was collected at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the associations of year-specific and cumulative average exposures with BCa risk, overall and with 2-year exposure lag, while adjusting for BCa risk factors. RESULTS PM10 in 2007 and cumulative average PM10 were positively associated with BCa risk (2007 PM10: Hazard ratio [HR] per 10 µg/m3 = 1.18, 95% CI 1.08, 1.29; cumulative average PM10: HR per 10 µg/m3 = 1.99, 95% CI 1.75, 2.27). Compared to women with low exposure, women with higher 2007 PM10 and cumulative average PM10 had greater BCa risk (4th vs. 1st quartile HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.07, 1.24, p-trend = 0.001 and HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.25, 1.44, p-trend < 0.0001, respectively). No significant associations were found for any other exposure measures. In the analysis with 2-year exposure lag, both 2007 PM 10 and cumulative average PM10 were positively associated with BCa risk (4th vs. 1st quartile HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.10, 1.28 and HR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.19, 1.39, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a positive association of 2007 PM10 and cumulative average PM10 with postmenopausal BCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Smotherman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Brian Sprague
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Huaizhen Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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Detection of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Omental Adipose Tissue from Patients with Diffuse-Gastric Cancer: A Pilot Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194874. [PMID: 34638358 PMCID: PMC8508119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This pilot study reported the observation that great omentum could be analyzed to detect persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Diffuse gastric cancer is an increasing disease that could be associated with pollutants’ exposition. Here, we report a specific POP profile regarding a patient not affected by cancer, nor by diffuse gastric cancer or other abdominal cancers. The widespread presence of a substantial list of POPs (PCDDs/Fs, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants) was found in the omentum from patients with diffuse gastric cancer with minor presence of some organochlorine pesticides. Abstract The greater omentum represents a specific adipose tissue resected with gastric surgery for cancer. Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (diffuse-GC) is of major relevance among gastric cancers due to its unknown origin, aggressiveness, and metastasis in the peritoneal cavity. We postulated that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) could be detected in the greater omentum. Great omentum from patients with (i) diffuse-GC, or (ii) with other peritoneal metastatic cancer, and (iii) control group without cancer disease were analyzed for the distribution of a large panel of 96 POPs. POPs include polychlorinated dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), hexabromocyclododecanes, organochlorine pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The widespread presence of a substantial list of POPs (PCDDs/Fs, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants) was found in the omentum from patients with aggressive diffuse-GC, with minor presence of some organochlorine pesticides and PAHs at the low analyzed levels. Some chemicals appeared in larger concentrations in diffuse-GC or other cancer groups, including some PCDDs, PCB105, 123, 138, PBDE209, and PBB153. Overall, the present pilot study provides novel information regarding POPs levels in the omental fat, which is an understudied fat depot in terms of POPs load, and diffuse-GC association.
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Mustieles V, Pérez-Carrascosa FM, León J, Lange T, Bonde JP, Gómez-Peña C, Artacho-Cordón F, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Olmedo-Requena R, Expósito J, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Arrebola JP. Adipose Tissue Redox Microenvironment as a Potential Link between Persistent Organic Pollutants and the 16-Year Incidence of Non-hormone-Dependent Cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9926-9937. [PMID: 34180659 PMCID: PMC8474112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the relationships among the adipose tissue's (AT) oxidative microenvironment, in situ accumulated persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations, and cancer development. POP and oxidative stress levels were quantified in AT samples from 382 adults recruited within the GraMo cohort (2003-2004) in Granada (Spain). The 16-year cancer incidence was ascertained by reviewing health/administrative databases. Cox-regression models and mediation analyses were performed. The enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GRd) were positively associated with the risk of non-hormone-dependent (NHD) cancer [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 2.64 and HR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.41, 3.94, respectively]. After adjustment for covariates, polychlorinated biphenyl-138 (PCB-138) (HR 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.09), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) (HR 1.70; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.64), and hexachlorobenzene (HR 1.54; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.33) were also positively associated with the risk of NHD cancer. Although confidence intervals included the null value, probably because of the modest number of cancer cases, we observed a potential mediation effect of SOD and GRd on the associations between β-HCH and the risk of NHD tumors (percent mediated = 33 and 47%, respectively). Our results highlight the relevance of human AT's oxidative microenvironment as a predictor of future cancer risk as well as its potential mediating role on POP-related carcinogenesis. Given their novelty, these findings should be interpreted with caution and confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Mustieles
- Center
for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University
of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University
of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Pérez-Carrascosa
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Radiotherapy
and Oncology Department, University Hospital
Virgen de las Nieves Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Unidad
de
Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Theis Lange
- Section
of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Peter Bonde
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23F, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Celia Gómez-Peña
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Unidad
de
Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Artacho-Cordón
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University
of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva
y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva
y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José Expósito
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Radiotherapy
and Oncology Department, University Hospital
Virgen de las Nieves Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - José J. Jiménez-Moleón
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva
y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan P. Arrebola
- Consortium
for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología
y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Universidad
de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva
y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Domingo JL, García F, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M. Autopsy tissues as biological monitors of human exposure to environmental pollutants. A case study: Concentrations of metals and PCDD/Fs in subjects living near a hazardous waste incinerator. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:269-274. [PMID: 28110241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring is of tremendous importance to prevent potential adverse effects derived from human exposure to chemicals. Blood and urine are among the biological monitors more frequently used. However, biological matrices such as breast milk, hair, nails, saliva, feces, teeth, and expired air are also often used. In addition, and focused mainly on long-term exposure, adipose tissue and other human tissues like bone, liver, brain or kidney, are also used as biological monitors of certain substances, especially for long-term biomonitoring. However, for this kind of tissues sampling is always a limiting factor. In this paper, we have examined the role of autopsy tissues as biological monitors of human exposure to environmental pollutants. For it, we have used a case study conducted near a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in Catalonia (Spain), in which the concentrations of metals and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), have been periodically determined in autopsy tissues of subjects living in the area under potential influence of the facility. This case study does not show advantages -in comparison to other appropriate biomonitors such as blood- in using autopsy tissues in the monitoring of long-term exposure to metals and PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco García
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Koskenniemi JJ, Virtanen HE, Kiviranta H, Damgaard IN, Matomäki J, Thorup JM, Hurme T, Skakkebaek NE, Main KM, Toppari J. Association between levels of persistent organic pollutants in adipose tissue and cryptorchidism in early childhood: a case-control study. Environ Health 2015; 14:78. [PMID: 26403566 PMCID: PMC4583064 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cryptorchidism, i.e. failure of the testicular descent to the bottom of the scrotum, is a common birth defect. The evidence from epidemiological, wildlife, and animal studies suggests that exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals during fetal development may play a role in its pathogenesis. We aimed to assess the association between cryptorchidism and prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). METHODS We conducted a case-control study consisting of 44 cryptorchid cases, and 38 controls operated for inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, or hydrocele at the Turku University Hospital or Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen in 2002-2006. During the operation a subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy was taken. Samples were analysed for 37 PCBs, 17 PCDD/Fs and 14 PBDEs by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chemical concentrations were adjusted for postnatal variation introduced by differences in duration of breastfeeding, age at the operation, and country of origin with a multiple linear regression. Association between adjusted and unadjusted chemical concentrations and the risk of cryptorchidism were analysed with logistic regression to get an estimate for odds ratio (OR) of cryptorchidism per multiplication of chemical concentrations with ca. 2.71 (Napier's constant). RESULTS Total-TEq i.e. the WHO-recommended 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent quantity of 17 dioxins and 12 dioxin-like PCBs and sum of PCDD/Fs were positively associated with cryptorchidism [OR 3.21 (95% CI 1.29-9.09), OR 3.69 (95% CI 1.45-10.9), respectively], when adjusting for country of origin, the duration the child was breastfed, and age at operation. The association between the sum of PCBs and cryptorchidism was close to significant [OR 1.92 (95% CI 0.98-4.01)], whereas the association between the sum of PBDEs and cryptorchidism was not [OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.47-1.54)]. There were no associations between unadjusted chemical concentrations and the risk of cryptorchidism. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCDD/F-like PCBs may be associated with increased risk for cryptorchidism. Our finding does not exclude the possibility of an association between the exposure to PBDEs and cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko J Koskenniemi
- Departments of Physiology and Paediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Helena E Virtanen
- Departments of Physiology and Paediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Protection, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ida N Damgaard
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jaakko Matomäki
- Clinical Research Center, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 PL 52, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jørgen M Thorup
- The Department of Paediatric Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Timo Hurme
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 PL 52, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Niels E Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Departments of Physiology and Paediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Schuhmacher M, Fàbrega F, Kumar V, García F, Nadal M, Domingo JL. A PBPK model to estimate PCDD/F levels in adipose tissue: comparison with experimental values of residents near a hazardous waste incinerator. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 73:150-157. [PMID: 25118088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in 15 samples of adipose tissue from subjects who had been living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI). The results were compared with levels obtained in previous surveys carried out in 1998 (baseline study), 2002 and 2007. The current (2013) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in adipose tissue ranged from 2.8 to 46.3 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat (mean and median concentrations: 11.5 and 7.4 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat, respectively), being significantly lower (64%) than those observed in 1998. In contrast, no significant differences in the mean PCDD/F concentrations were noted in the period 2002-2013. The significant decrease of the PCDD/F content in fat, also noted in other biological monitors such as plasma and breast milk, is in agreement with the reduction in the dietary intake of PCDD/Fs found in the same area of study. Similarly to other investigations across Europe, an increase of PCDD/F levels in adipose tissue in relation to age was observed, while no significant differences were noted according to gender. A multicompartmental physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was also applied to estimate the levels of PCDD/Fs in adipose tissue. When comparing the modeled and experimental concentrations of PCDD/Fs in that tissue, very similar values were obtained for the four surveys, which indicates this can be a reliable tool to predict the internal dose of PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Fàbrega
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco García
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Medicina Legal de Catalunya (IMLC), Divisió de Tarragona, Av. President Companys 10, 43005 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Nadal M, Fàbrega F, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. PCDD/Fs in plasma of individuals living near a hazardous waste incinerator. A comparison of measured levels and estimated concentrations by PBPK modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5971-5978. [PMID: 23627713 DOI: 10.1021/es400498q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The construction of the first and, until now, only hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in Spain finished in 1998. To assess its potential impact on the population living in the vicinity, a surveillance program was established. It includes the periodical biomonitoring of PCDD/Fs body burden. On the basis of this program, in 2012 we determined the levels of PCDD/Fs in plasma of nonoccupationally exposed individuals living near the HWI. The results were compared with those of the baseline study, and with those of two previous surveys (2002 and 2007). A multicompartment, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was also applied to estimate the levels of PCDD/Fs in plasma. The model was validated by comparing the results with our experimental data (baseline, 2002, 2007, and 2012). The current mean concentration was 6.18 pg I-TEQ/g lipid, with a range between 2.03 and 18.8 pg I-TEQ/g lipid. In 1998 (baseline), the mean concentration of PCDD/Fs in plasma was 27.0 pg I-TEQ/g lipid (reduction of 77%, p < 0.001). Significant reductions were also noted in our previous 2002 and 2007 surveys, with mean concentrations of 15.7 and 9.36 pg I-TEQ/g lipid, respectively. However, the comparison between simulated (using the PBPK model) and experimental results was very successful, as PCDD/F values in plasma were very similar (7.95 vs 6.18 pg I-TEQ/g lipid). The levels of PCDD/Fs in plasma of nonoccupationally exposed individuals living near the HWI here assessed are comparatively lower than most recently reported values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Król S, Zabiegała B, Namieśnik J. Human hair as a biomarker of human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fernandez MF, Parera J, Arrebola JP, Marina LS, Vrijheid M, Llop S, Abalos M, Tardon A, Castaño A, Abad E, Olea N. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in placentas from the Spanish INMA birth cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 441:49-56. [PMID: 23134768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Because fetuses are considered significantly more sensitive to various environment toxicants, there is a need for continuous biomonitoring of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs (DL-PCBs) to assess their impact on this susceptible population. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in placenta samples from women participating in the Spanish Environment and Childhood (INMA) birth cohort study and to evaluate whether maternal and child characteristics predict placenta concentrations of these pollutants. The presence of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs was investigated in 50 placenta samples selected at random in the recruitment period 2000-2008. Multivariable regression models were constructed. Mothers had a mean age at delivery of 30.7 years (18.0-38.0 years), pre-pregnancy BMI of 23.3 kg/m² (18.0-40.2 kg/m²), and 31% were smokers. Median total concentrations of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were 6.9 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid and 2.1 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid, respectively. In comparison to the few previous studies in placenta, total TEQ levels were among the lowest recorded in comparable general populations. The congener distribution pattern and the frequencies and concentrations of PCDD/F and DL-PCB congeners were similar to previous reports in placenta. PCDD/F and DL-PCB exposure was related to the age of the mother and the year of the delivery. Although placental concentrations cannot be considered wholly appropriate predictors for evaluating fetal exposure to these contaminants, they can provide a good indication of both maternal and infant prenatal and postnatal exposure and can be used as a proxy for fetal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F Fernandez
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
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Mari M, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Application of self-organizing maps for PCDD/F pattern recognition of environmental and biological samples to evaluate the impact of a hazardous waste incinerator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:3162-3168. [PMID: 20235610 DOI: 10.1021/es1000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOM) is one of the most popular artificial neural network models. In this study, SOM were used to assess the potential relationships between polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) congener profiles in environmental (soil, herbage, and ambient air) and biological (plasma, adipose tissue, and breast milk) samples, and the emissions of a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in Spain. The visual examination of PCDD/F congener profiles of most environmental and biological samples did not allow finding out any differences between monitors. However, the global SOM analysis of environmental and biological samples showed that the weight of the PCDD/F stack emissions of the HWI on the environmental burden and on the exposure of the individuals living in the surroundings was not significant in relation to the background levels. The results confirmed the small influence of the HWI emissions of PCDD/Fs on the environment and the population living in the neighborhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Mari
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenc 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Freire C, Arrebola JP, Navea N, Taoufiki J, Fernandez MF, Ballesteros O, Prada R, Olea N. Nonylphenol and octylphenol in adipose tissue of women in Southern Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:847-852. [PMID: 19409598 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphenols (APs) and AP ethoxylates are environmental contaminants with endocrine disrupting activities in wildlife and humans. They have been largely used in industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications. Despite strong concerns about the consequences of human exposure to endocrine disrupters, little information is available on the presence in humans of compounds such as APs. The aim of the present study was to determine 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-octylphenol (OP) residues in adipose tissue of non-occupationally exposed women living in Southern Spain. NP was detected in 100% (n=20/20) and OP in 23.5% (n=4/20) of samples, with median levels of 57 and 4.5 ng g(-1) adipose tissue, respectively. Body mass index emerged as a determinant of exposure since it was associated with NP levels (p=0.041). Adipose tissue NP and OP levels are similar to the few data previously published in other countries. This is the first report on NP and OP levels in a population in Southern Spain. Further research is needed to determine trends in human exposure to these compounds and to investigate their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lopez-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 18071 Granada, Spain
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Zafra-Gómez A, Morales J, Ballesteros O, Navalón A. Sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method for the determination of bisphenol A in rice-prepared dishes. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030902939663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nadal M, Domingo JL, García F, Schuhmacher M. Levels of PCDD/F in adipose tissue on non-occupationally exposed subjects living near a hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia, Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 74:1471-1476. [PMID: 19150731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The potential adverse effects on human health of hazardous waste incinerators (HWIs) are a subject of concern. The construction of the first and till now only HWI in Spain finished in 1999. In 2007, after approximately 9 years of regular operations in the facility, the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) were determined by HRGC/HRMS in samples of adipose tissue of 15 autopsied subjects living in the area under potential impact of the HWI (Constantí, Tarragona County, Catalonia). These data were compared with the levels found in two previous surveys performed in 1998 (baseline) and 2002. The current mean PCDD/F concentration in adipose tissue was 14.6 pg WHO-TEQ/g of fat (range: 3.3-55.4 pg WHO-TEQ/g of fat). It means significant changes (a reduction of 64% and an increase of 47%) in the mean PCDD/F levels in comparison to those found in 1998 and 2002: 40.1 and 9.9 pg WHO-TEQ/g of fat, respectively. Women showed higher levels of PCDD/F than men (23.8 vs 11.2 pg WHO-TEQ/g of fat). The increase in the last 5 years would not be directly attributable to exposure to PCDD/F emitted by the HWI, as other biological monitors such as human plasma and milk decreased during the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, ''Rovira i Virgili" University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Fernandez MF, Aguilar-Garduño C, Molina-Molina JM, Arrebola JP, Olea N. The total effective xenoestrogen burden, a biomarker of exposure to xenoestrogen mixtures, is predicted by the (anti)estrogenicity of its components. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 26:8-12. [PMID: 18586082 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate biomarkers of human exposure are required for epidemiological studies of endocrine disruption. We addressed this issue by improving a standardized method to assess the total effective xenoestrogen burden (TEXB), a biomarker of xenoestrogen exposure. Extensive separation of xenoestrogens from endogenous hormones was made in 20 adipose tissue samples by HPLC, and two eluates were separated and tested in the E-Screen bioassay. An extensive fractionation protocol was also developed. The objective of this study was to investigate predictors of TEXB by using a multiple regression model after adjusting by confounding factors. The final model included the estrogenicity of 8 out of 11 individual 1-min fractions into which the xenoestrogen eluate was split and the marital status of patients, and it explained 97% of TEXB variability, and variables. Our results indicate that TEXB of complex mixtures can be accurately predicted from the estrogenicity of a small number of components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Fernandez
- Department of Radiology, University of Granada, 18071-Granada, Spain.
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