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de Andrade JC, Galvan D, Kato LS, Conte-Junior CA. Consumption of fruits and vegetables contaminated with pesticide residues in Brazil: A systematic review with health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138244. [PMID: 36841459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is the third largest exporter of fruits and vegetables in the world and, consequently, uses large amounts of pesticides. Food contamination with pesticide residues (PRs) is a serious concern, especially in developing countries. Several research reports revealed that some Brazilian farmers spray pesticides on fruits and vegetables in large quantities, generating PRs after harvest. Thus, ingestion of food contaminated with PRs can cause adverse health effects. Based on information obtained through a systematic review of essential information from 33 articles, we studied the assessment of potential health risks associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in children and adults from Brazilian states. This study identified 111 PRs belonging to different chemical groups, mainly organophosphates and organochlorines, in 26 fruit and vegetable samples consumed and exported by Brazil. Sixteen of these PRs were above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by local and international legislation. We did not identify severe acute and chronic dietary risks, but the highest risk values were observed in São Paulo and Santa Catarina, associated with the consumption of tomatoes and sweet peppers due to the high concentrations of organophosphates. A high long-term health risk is associated with the consumption of oranges in São Paulo and grapes in Bahia due to chlorothalonil and procymidone. We also identified that 26 PRs are considered carcinogenic by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and the carcinogenic risk analysis revealed no severe risk in any Brazilian state investigated due to the cumulative hazard index (HI) < 1. However, the highest HI values were in São Paulo due to acephate and carbaryl in sweet pepper and in Bahia due to dichlorvos. This information can help regulatory authorities define new guidelines for pesticide residue limits in fruits and vegetables commonly consumed and exported from Brazil and monitor the quality of commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmir Craveiro de Andrade
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20020-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Diego Galvan
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20020-000, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Seiko Kato
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20020-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20020-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
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Xie J, Guo Y, Ma Y, Jiang H, Zhang L, Mao L, Zhu L, Zheng Y, Liu X. Spontaneous In-Source Fragmentation Reaction Mechanism and Highly Sensitive Analysis of Dicofol by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093765. [PMID: 37175171 PMCID: PMC10180504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dicofol has been widely banned all over the world as a kind of organochlorine contaminant, it still exists in the environment. This study developed a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) detection technique for dicofol, an environmental pollutant, for the first time using in-source fragmentation. The results confirmed that m/z 251 was the only precursor ion of dicofol after in-source fragmentation, and m/z 139 and m/z 111 were reasonable product ions. The main factors triggering the in-source fragmentation were the H+ content and solution conductivity when dicofol entered the mass spectrometer. Density functional theory can be used to analyze and interpret the mechanism of dicofol fragmentation reaction in ESI source. Dicofol reduced the molecular energy from 8.8 ± 0.05 kcal/mol to 1.0 ± 0.05 kcal/mol, indicating that the internal energy release from high to low was the key driving force of in-source fragmentation. A method based on HPLC-MS/MS was developed to analyze dicofol residues in environmental water. The LOQ was 0.1 μg/L, which was better than the previous GC or GC-MS methods. This study not only proposed an HPLC-MS/MS analysis method for dicofol for the first time but also explained the in-source fragmentation mechanism of compounds in ESI source, which has positive significance for the study of compounds with unconventional mass spectrometry behavior in the field of organic pollutant analysis and metabonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yage Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Dwivedi N, Mahdi AA, Deo S. Assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals in breast milk: Association with dietary habits and duration of lactation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115216. [PMID: 36608766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess infant safety associated with the presence of persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in breast milk, a possible route of transfer of endocrine-disrupting chemicals to newborns in North India. Colostrum and breast milk samples (n = 130) were collected at different stages of lactation. Pesticides analysis was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We observed that of all the samples analysed, OCPs concentration was higher in breast milk than in colostrum, suggesting pesticides contamination increases over lactation period. As far as OCPs are concerned, dieldrin [1196.64 ± 673.75 ng/g lipid weight (lw)], and β-HCH [1107.78 ± 1301.72 ng/g lw], were the predominant OCPs, followed by aldrin [977.09 ± 707.69 ng/g lw], α-HCH [948.04 ± 476.65 ng/g lw] and 1,1'-(2,2-Dichloroethene-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene) (p,p'DDE) [790.11 ± 399.35 ng/g lw]. The association between OCPs levels and women dietary habits were also explored, and all the OCPs were grouped and compared to each other by consumption level of fish, meat, sea foods, eggs, and dairy products. We found that women consuming non vegetarian food, like fish and meat, were exposed 3.5 times more to OCPs than women consuming vegetarian food. In addition, we also observed that factors like mother's age was positively (<0.005 - <0.001) correlated while gestational age and infant birth weight were negatively (<0.005) associated with the levels of OCPs in colostrum and breast milk, respectively. Unfortunately, neither any standards nor guidelines are available for the use of pesticides, therefore, it is suggested that careless use of OCPs should be checked and suitable remedial measures be taken to decrease human contamination. Moreover, further studies are warranted to elucidate relationship between pesticide residues in breast milk and the maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sujata Deo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fujii Y, Harada KH, Ito Y, Yoshitake M, Matsunobu C, Kato Y, Ohta C, Koga N, Kimura O, Endo T, Koizumi A, Haraguchi K. Profiles and determinants of dicofol, endosulfans, mirex, and toxaphenes in breast milk samples from 10 prefectures in Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137002. [PMID: 36419270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is reflected by POP concentrations in breast milk. Many studies of POPs in breast milk have been performed in Japan, but insufficient information is available about some legacy POPs (e.g., mirex and toxaphenes, included in the Stockholm Convention in 2001) and novel POPs (e.g., dicofol and endosulfans, included in the Stockholm Convention in 2019 and 2011, respectively). In this study, dicofol, endosulfan, mirex, and toxaphene concentrations in breast milk from 10 prefectures in Japan were determined. The samples were collected between 2005 and 2010, before Stockholm Convention restrictions on endosulfans and mirex were implemented. Common POPs (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls) were also analyzed to allow the contamination statuses to be compared. The α-endosulfan and β-endosulfan concentrations were 0.26-13 and 0.012-0.82 ng/g lipid, respectively. The toxaphene #26 and #50 concentrations were <0.08-5.6 and < 0.1-8.5 ng/g lipid, respectively. The dicofol concentrations were <0.01-4.8 ng/g lipid. The mirex concentrations were <0.2-3.5 ng/g lipid. The α- and β-endosulfan concentrations on a lipid weight basis negatively correlated with the lipid contents of the milk samples (ρ = -0.65, p < 0.01 for α-endosulfan; ρ = -0.58, p < 0.01 for β-endosulfan). The toxaphene concentrations positively correlated with the lipid contents. The mirex concentrations positively correlated with the maternal age but negatively correlated with the maternal body mass index. No correlations between the dicofol concentrations and the factors were found. Principal component analysis divided the data into four groups, (1) chlordanes, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes and related compounds, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexanes, hexachloroethane, and polychlorinated biphenyls, (2) endosulfans, (3) dicofol, dieldrin, and toxaphenes, and (4) bromodiphenyl ether 47. This indicated that bromodiphenyl ether 47, dicofol, endosulfans, and toxaphenes have different exposure routes or different kinetics to the other legacy POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan.
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Miho Yoshitake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Chiharu Matsunobu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan
| | - Chiho Ohta
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koga
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0198, Japan
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Akio Koizumi
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan.
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5
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Wang N, Cui Z, Wang Y, Zhang J. Characteristics and Residual Health Risk of Organochlorine Pesticides in Fresh Vegetables in the Suburb of Changchun, Northeast China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12547. [PMID: 36231851 PMCID: PMC9566688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, eleven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fresh vegetables in the Changchun suburb were investigated, and their potential health risks were evaluated. The average concentrations of OCPs in edible parts of vegetables were found in the following descending order: Σhexachlorocyclohexanes (ΣHCHs) (6.60 µg·kg-1) > Σdichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ΣDDTs) (5.82 µg·kg-1) > ΣChlordanes (2.37 µg·kg-1) > heptachlor (0.29 µg·kg-1). Moreover, OCPs in different types of vegetables exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the exceeding rates in various vegetables decreased in the following order: leafy vegetables (19.12%) > root vegetables (18.75%) > fruit vegetables (3.85%). The proportions of OCPs exceeding MRL in different vegetables were found in the following descending order: Welsh onion (22.50%) > radish (18.75%) > Chinese cabbage (14.29%) > pepper (6.90%) > cucumber (3.23%) > eggplant (2.94%) > tomato (2.78%). The sources' identification results showed that DDTs in vegetables came mainly from newly imported technical DDTs and dicofol, while HCHs originated mainly from lindane. For both adults and children, the average target hazard quotients (avg. THQ) were all less than 1, and the average hazard index (avg. HI) values were 0.043 and 0.036, respectively. There were no significant health risks associated with OCP exposure for the inhabitants of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Zhengwu Cui
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Keswani C, Dilnashin H, Birla H, Roy P, Tyagi RK, Singh D, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Singh SP. Global footprints of organochlorine pesticides: a pan-global survey. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:149-177. [PMID: 34027568 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants widely used all over the world. These chlorinated hydrocarbons are toxic and often cause detrimental health effects because of their long shelf life and bioaccumulation in the adipose tissues of primates. OCP exposure to humans occurs through skin, inhalation and contaminated foods including milk and dairy products, whereas developing fetus and neonates are exposed through placental transfer and lactation, respectively. In 1960s, OCPs were banned in most developed countries, but because they are cheap and easily available, they are still widely used in most third world countries. The overuse or misuse of OCPs has been rising continuously which pose threats to environmental and human health. This review reports the comparative occurrence of OCPs in human and bovine milk samples around the globe and portrays the negative impacts encountered through the long history of OCP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Keswani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Rakesh K Tyagi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Surya P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Zargar S, Wani TA. Exploring the binding mechanism and adverse toxic effects of persistent organic pollutant (dicofol) to human serum albumin: A biophysical, biochemical and computational approach. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 350:109707. [PMID: 34656558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorine pesticide dicofol (DCF), a persistent organic pollutant, is used as acaricide worldwide. Considering its large consumption in the agriculture sector and potential toxic effects such as endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, and environmental persistence are detrimental to human health. To take an extensive evaluation of its potential toxicity, the current study was aimed to explore the binding mechanism and adverse effect of DCF on human serum albumin (HSA) by using an array of biophysical techniques (UV-visible, fluorescence, 3D fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy), isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC), computational methods and biochemical approaches. Fluorescence quenching and UV-Visible spectra of the HSA-DCF system confirmed static quenching mechanism and complex formation between HSA and DCF. The thermodynamics results from ITC revealed DCF-HSA interaction was exothermic and spontaneous and involved hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The esterase activity of HSA displayed constant Vmax and elevated Km values confirming DCF-HSA competitive interaction. Circular dichroism spectra results revealed structural changes in HSA protein on interaction with DCF. Furthermore, molecular-specific site marker and molecular modelling results affirmed that the binding Site of DCF is Site I of HSA. A significant carbonyl content level in DCF-HSA system suggested protein structure damage. This work is likely to add a better understanding of DCF toxicity in human health and helpful in fortifying the check on food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Fujii Y, Poma G, Malarvannan G, Soeda F, Toda A, Haraguchi K, Covaci A. Estimation of dietary intake and sources of organohalogenated contaminants among infants: 24-h duplicate diet survey in Fukuoka, Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110745. [PMID: 33460637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment is a matter of concern. In this study, selected organohalogenated contaminants, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes (CHLs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP), were measured in complete meal sets (24-h duplicate-diet) of Japanese infants to investigate the levels, profiles, and possible sources of contamination. In total, 46 whole-day meals of infants (7-24-months old) were collected during 2017 from Fukuoka, Japan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report based on the duplicate-diet method for infants. The median intakes among the POP groups were highest for ΣDDTs (18 ng/day, maximum 251 ng/day), followed by ΣPCBs (17 ng/day, maximum 198 ng/day), ΣCHLs (14 ng/day, maximum 105 ng/day), HCB (11 ng/day, maximum 64 ng/day), TBP (3.5 ng/day, maximum 109 ng/day), ΣHBCDs (1.9 ng/day, maximum 70 ng/day), TBBPA (0.72 ng/day, maximum 34 ng/day), and ΣPBDEs (0.11 ng/day, maximum 4.5 ng/day). Among the PCBs, PCB-138 and PCB-153 were the most abundant congeners (27% and 23%, respectively). p,p'-DDE, the major DDT metabolite, accounted for 96% of total DDTs. Among PBDEs, BDE47 was the only detected congener (present in 4% of the samples). The dietary intake of the targeted compounds was lower than the intake via breast milk, suggesting that the exposure from baby food was limited. In the principal component analysis, chlorinated and brominated compounds were separated on principal component 1, while TBP and α-HBCD were separated on principal component 2, likely suggesting a differing emission time trend or source. PCB-153, PCB-138, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, and trans-nonachlor were correlated with seafood consumption (Spearman's ρ = 0.45 to 0.57, p < 0.05), while TBP was correlated with seaweed consumption (Spearman's ρ = 0.46, p < 0.05). Also, four species of commercial edible seaweed in Japan were analyzed to confirm the findings of the duplicate-diet study. The relatively high concentration of TBP (5.5 ± 6.6 ng/g wet weight) was observed in the seaweed samples, indicating that seaweed is a potential exposure source of TBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Fujii
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan.
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Fumio Soeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Akihisa Toda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Liu J, Song S, Wu A, Kuang H, Liu L, Xiao J, Xu C. Development of immunochromatographic strips for the detection of dicofol. Analyst 2021; 146:2240-2247. [PMID: 33596275 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against dicofol was developed to prepare immunochromatographic strips (ICAs) for the detection of dicofol residues in fruit and vegetables. The mAb exhibited high affinity and high sensitivity, with an affinity constant of 2.96 × 1010 and a limit of detection of 3.142 ng mL-1. A cross reactivity test revealed that the mAb also had good specificity for dicofol. This ICA method gave a visible limit of detection of 50 ng g-1, and a cut-off value of 500 ng g-1 for the detection of dicofol in both apple and cucumber with the naked eye. Importantly, the results here are consistent with results obtained using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and ic-ELISAs indicating that this ICA method is reliable and practical when used for the detection of dicofol in fruit and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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Mehta RV, Sreenivasa MA, Mathew M, Girard AW, Taneja S, Ranjan S, Ramakrishnan U, Martorell R, Ryan PB, Young MF. A mixed-methods study of pesticide exposures in Breastmilk and Community & Lactating Women's perspectives from Haryana, India. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1877. [PMID: 33287778 PMCID: PMC7720549 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population growth which has resulted in a need for increased crop yields to sustain food security, in addition to the effects of climate change, have led to the widespread use of chemical pesticides. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has in turn led to contamination of the environment, food commodities and bioaccumulation in human tissues, particularly in agrarian regions of India including the northern state of Haryana. METHODS We conducted a pilot screening study to investigate the presence of organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid pesticides in breastmilk samples (n = 75) from Haryana, India. Pesticide analyses were conducted using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for OC and OP pesticides and GC-electron capture detector for pyrethroids. The study was complemented by a qualitative evaluation of maternal and community perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with pesticide use and risk of exposure (n = 30 in-depth interviews; n = 9 focus group discussions). RESULTS Analysis of breastmilk showed the presence of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in 4% (range: CONCLUSIONS In our small sample, breastmilk pesticide concentrations were low and did not pose a risk to infants. Based on the persistent nature of many organic pollutants and reported widespread use, we recommend more comprehensive and longitudinal investigation of upstream pesticide contamination in the food supply and exposures among mothers and children. TRIAL REGISTRATION CTRI/2017/01/007636 , Date Registered: 06/01/2017. CTRI website: http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=17249&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2717249det%27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshan V. Mehta
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Claudia Nance Rollins Building, 5th Floor, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - M. A. Sreenivasa
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Mathen Mathew
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Amy Webb Girard
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- The Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Sunita Taneja
- Society for Applied Studies, Centre for Health Research and Development, New Delhi, India
| | - Samriddhi Ranjan
- Society for Applied Studies, Centre for Health Research and Development, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- The Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- The Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - P. Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Melissa F. Young
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- The Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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Kuang L, Hou Y, Huang F, Hong H, Sun H, Deng W, Lin H. Pesticide residues in breast milk and the associated risk assessment: A review focused on China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138412. [PMID: 32330708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of studies on pesticide residues in breast milk in China and the related health risk to mother and infants. Results showed that the investigations of breast milk covered 22 provincial administrative regions of China. Beijing and some densely populated and economically developed areas have most publications. The study frequency was followed the order of DDTs>HCHs>HCB > ∑Drins,∑Chlordane. While the residue levels were ranked as DDTs, HCHs > ∑Drins>HCB > ∑Chlordane. The highest residue levels of DDTs and HCHs in breast milk were found in 1980s (~10,000 ng/g lipid), then experienced a sharp decrease in 1990s (~1000-2000 ng/g lipid). In 2000s and 2010s, DDTs, and HCHs residue still showed a decreasing trend. Spatially, people located in urban area, coastal areas and southern China tend to have higher pesticide residues as compared to rural area, inland area and northern China, respectively. Other factors such as dietary habit, living environment, the maternal age, the parity, body mass index, lactation period, menstruation characteristics as well as hormonal drug intake and infertility treatment will also affect the pesticide residues in breast milk of Chinese people. According to the estimated daily ingestion (EDI) of breast milk, the average health risk for infants were generally exceeded the acceptable level before 2006, while after that, most EDI values were within the standard. Body burden of pesticides in mother can also be evaluated by using the residue data in breast milk, but no relevant guidelines were available. Other knowledge gap included 1) for some provinces with large consumption of pesticides or located in remote and plateau areas, there are few/no studies available; 2) current study on pesticide residues in breast milk in China were only focused on organochlorine pesticides, research on current used pesticides (such as pyrethroids, organophosphorus, carbamate) were necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Kuang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Yizhong Hou
- Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua 321000, PR China
| | - Fangqu Huang
- Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua 321000, PR China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Hongjie Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
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12
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Levels of Octachlorostyrene in Mothers' Milk and Potential Exposure Among Infants in Sendai City, Japan 2012. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093064. [PMID: 32354043 PMCID: PMC7246590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants can accumulate inside the human body, including in mothers' milk, which may affect infant development. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine selected persistent organic pollutants in the milk of 100 mothers in Sendai city, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. We used gas-chromatography-electron capture negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry to check for octachlorostyrene, dechlorane (Dec) plus, Dec 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604. Octachlorostyrene was detected in 86 samples at more than the method detection limit (84 pg g-lipid-1) but no dechloranes were above the method detection limit (1 ng mL-1 for dechlorane plus, Dec 602, and Dec 603; 20 ng mL-1 for Dec 604). The mean octachlorostyrene concentration was 461 pg g-lipid-1, the median was 337 pg g-lipid-1, and the standard deviation 450 pg g-lipid-1. No baseline characteristics were associated with octachlorostyrene level except for mother's occupation (stay-at-home mother, 353 ± 327 pg g-lipid-1; others, 531 ± 509 pg g-lipid-1). Octachlorostyrene was also significantly negatively correlated with lipid content (r = -0.35, p = 0.0004). However, the maximum intake of octachlorostyrene among infants in this study (3.5 ng/kg/day) was under the acceptable daily intake (30 ng/kg/day, derived from 12-month study in rats), and is therefore unlikely to pose a health risk.
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13
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Lv M, Luan X, Guo X, Liao C, Guo D, Miao J, Wu X, Zhou R, Liu D, Wang D, Zhao Y, Chen L. A national-scale characterization of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in intertidal sediment of China: Occurrence, fate and influential factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113634. [PMID: 31780363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been restricted for application for about 30 years in China. Intertidal zone is a sink for anthropogenic pollutants, and to better understand the current pollution status of OCPs in China, 324 surface sediment samples collected from 14 typical intertidal zones of China were analyzed for 22 OCPs. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.051 to 4141.711 ng/g, with DDTs and HCHs being the dominant components. Seasonal variations were not significant for most intertidal zones (p > 0.05), while significant spatial variations (p < 0.05) were found among 14 intertidal zones, with the highest OCPs concentrations detected in Jiulong Jiang (JLJ). The OCPs concentrations in intertidal sediments would rarely to frequently cause adverse biological effects and DDTs were the major threat. Apart from the historical usage of technical DDT and lindane, current usage of technical DDT and HCH were also implied, especially for intertidal zones such as Beidaihe (BDH) and Yingluo Wan (YLW). PCA analysis indicated that compounds within the same type of OCPs were from similar source, while different types of OCPs were generally from different sources and not used together. Our results further indicated that OCPs together with organic particles entered into the intertidal zones mainly through river input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Xiaolin Luan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Dufa Guo
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jing Miao
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaqing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Ruichen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Yanchuang Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Ivorra L, Cruzeiro C, Chan SK, Tagulao KA, Cardoso PG. Uptake and depuration kinetics of dicofol metabolite 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone, in the edible Asiatic clam Meretrix meretrix. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:662-669. [PMID: 31276879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and depuration kinetics of 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (main metabolite of dicofol) in the edible clam Meretrix meretrix were evaluated through a mesocosm experiment. M. meretrix was exposed to different dicofol concentrations (environmental concentration, D1 = 50 ng/L; supra-environmental concentration, D2 = 500 ng/L) for 15 days, followed by the same depuration period. To accomplish this goal, an analytical method was successfully optimized for 4,4'-DCBP using QuEChERS as extraction method with a range of concentrations 0.3-76.8 ng/g ww quantified by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Our results demonstrated different kinetics of accumulation depending on the two dicofol treatments. For D1, the uptake kinetic was best fitted using a plateau followed by one phase association kinetic model, while for D2 a one phase association kinetic model suited better. Similar bioconcentration factors were obtained for both concentrations but only animals exposed to D2, showed 4,4'-DCBP levels above the limits of quantification after 24 h exposure. These animals also showed lower uptake rate (ku) than organisms exposed to D1. During the depuration period, only organisms exposed to D1 successfully depurated after 24 h. On the other hand, although animals exposed to D2 presented higher elimination factor, they did not reach the original levels after depuration. Moreover, values detected in these clams were higher than the Maximum Residue Level (10 ng/g) established by the European legislation. This indicates that longer periods of depuration time than the ones used in this study, may be needed in order to reach safe levels for human consumption. This work also demonstrated that studies on metabolite kinetics during uptake/depuration experiments, could be a new alternative to understand the impact and metabolism of pesticides in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ivorra
- Institute of Science and Environment, ISE, University of Saint Joseph, SAR, Macao, China
| | - Catarina Cruzeiro
- Department of Life Sciences, CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, GmbH, Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shek Kiu Chan
- Institute of Science and Environment, ISE, University of Saint Joseph, SAR, Macao, China
| | - Karen Araño Tagulao
- Institute of Science and Environment, ISE, University of Saint Joseph, SAR, Macao, China.
| | - Patricia G Cardoso
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
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15
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Ivorra L, Cardoso PG, Chan SK, Tagulao K, Cruzeiro C. Environmental characterization of 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone in surface waters from Macao and Hong Kong coastal areas (Pearl River Delta) and its toxicity on two biological models: Artemia salina and Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:1-11. [PMID: 30583221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the areas with higher environmental concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), being DDT one of the most abundant. In this work, 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (4,4'-DCBP), a common metabolite of dicofol (DDT related) and DDT, was quantified in surface waters of Hong Kong and Macao, together with the analysis of physicochemical and nutrients parameters. Hong Kong presented higher 4,4'-DCBP mean levels (12.50 ng/L) than Macao (4.05 ng/L), which may be due to the use of dicofol as a pesticide and DDT as antifouling-paint for ships. The region presented a possible eutrophication state due to the high nutrients' concentration. For the first time, toxicity evaluation of this metabolite in Artemia salina and Daphnia magna was done, in order to compute valid EC50s and theoretically evaluate the risk in the PRD. The toxicity results (EC50 = 0.27 mg/L for A. salina; and EC50 = 0.17 mg/L and LC50 = 0.26 mg/L for D. magna), together with the 4,4'-DCBP levels quantified, indicated a low environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ivorra
- Institute of Science and Environment, ISE-University of Saint Joseph, Macao.
| | - Patricia G Cardoso
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Shek Kiu Chan
- Institute of Science and Environment, ISE-University of Saint Joseph, Macao
| | - Karen Tagulao
- Institute of Science and Environment, ISE-University of Saint Joseph, Macao
| | - Catarina Cruzeiro
- Department of Life Sciences, CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, GmbH, Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Karabiberoğlu ŞU, Koçak ÇC, Dursun Z. Electrochemical Determination of Dicofol at Nickel Nanowire Modified Poly(p‐aminophenol) Film Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Çağrı Ceylan Koçak
- Dokuz Eylul UniversityBergama Vocational School 35700 Bergama, Izmir Turkey
| | - Zekerya Dursun
- Ege UniversityFaculty of Science, Department of Chemistry 35100 Bornova, İzmir Turkey
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17
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Jones L, Ronan J, McHugh B, Regan F. Passive sampling of polar emerging contaminants in Irish catchments. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:218-230. [PMID: 30865593 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling (PS) is a very useful approach for the monitoring of emerging contaminants in environmental matrices, showing greater sensitivity than can be achieved by current best practice - grab sampling - and is applicable to a wide variety of compounds. An EU Directive (2013/39/EC) has added substances to the existing Water Framework Directive (WFD) Priority Substance list. Investigation into PS in the monitoring of these compounds is necessary to show the potential of this technique in supporting monitoring requirements under the WFD. A catchment-based approach evaluated the occurrence of these compounds in Irish surface waters. This work deals with the challenges associated with the use of PS in a legislative context, and for routine monitoring of emerging contaminants. Looking at a number of sites across Ireland, upstream and downstream of wastewater treatment plants, the focus was on polar analytes and polar PS (POCIS). With method limits of detection (LODs) of 0.001 mg L-1 pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were found in water and passive samples alike, whereas the polar pesticides were not often detected or were below the annual average environmental quality standard levels. The results of this study show the potential for PS as a monitoring technique for emerging and watch-list chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jones
- School of Chemical Sciences and Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland E-mail:
| | | | | | - Fiona Regan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland E-mail:
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18
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Song S, Ma X, Pan M, Tong L, Tian Q. Excretion kinetics of three dominant organochlorine compounds in human milk within the first 6 months postpartum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:457. [PMID: 29995278 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is a specific and important way for women to eliminate harmful substances accumulated in body. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) are dominant organochlorine compounds(OCCs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulated in human being. Although a 6-month breastfeeding was suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), the excretion characteristics of OCCs in human milk during the first 6-month lactation remain controversial. The main purpose of this study was to continuously monitor the three dominant OCC concentrations and reveal their elimination characteristic in human milk within the first 6-month lactation. To do that, with one sample per month, during their first 6-month lactation, human milk samples were continuously collected from 40 mothers after their first birth. The result showed that the concentrations of the three OCCs in human milk during the lactation continuously decreased from 51.7 to 39.9 μg/kg milk lipids for HCB, from 136.5 to 84.8 μg/kg milk lipids for β-HCH, and from 307.3 to 192 μg/kg milk lipids, respectively. The excretion kinetics of each compound in milk lipids fitted zero-order kinetics during the 6-month lactation. The excretion rate of the three OCCs was approximately 3% per month for HCB and 7% per month for the other two compounds during the lactation, with tdec 1/2 of 13 months for HCB, 7.5 months for β-HCH, and 8 months for p,p'-DDE. The excretion rate of the target compounds depended on initial deposited levels, compound properties, and exposure or input source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Song
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis (NRCGA), CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Pan
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis (NRCGA), CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ling Tong
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis (NRCGA), CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qin Tian
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis (NRCGA), CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
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19
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Li J, Wang P, Shi S, Xue J. Background biomonitoring of residue levels of 137 pesticides in the blood plasma of the general population in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:315. [PMID: 29705822 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the widespread use of pesticides, human exposure to pesticides is possible and can potentially cause adverse impacts on public health. We measured 137 pesticides including organophosphorus, organochlorine, pyrethroid and carbamate pesticides together with various herbicides in 100 human blood samples collected from the general population in Beijing. The samples were analysed by triple quadrupole tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 24 organochlorine pesticides, 5 pyrethroid pesticides and 6 organophosphorus pesticides were detected. The detection rates of HCB, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p'-DDE and quintozene were 99, 96, 74, 72, 96 and 95%, respectively. No statistically significant gender difference in the blood concentrations of the pesticides was found. Consistent with the trend of the increasing β-HCH, p,p'-DDE and quintozene concentrations with age, a strong positive correlation between the age and concentrations of β-BHC, p,p'-DDE and quintozene was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengsi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangmei Shi
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Xue
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Škrbić BD, Kadokami K, Antić I, Jovanović G. Micro-pollutants in sediment samples in the middle Danube region, Serbia: occurrence and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:260-273. [PMID: 29032526 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive study on the occurrence of 940 semi-volatile organic compounds including sterols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, plasticizers, and other emerging compounds in 10 river and canal sediments collected in northern Serbia. For quantification of investigated compounds GC-MS-MS (selected reaction monitoring) and GC-MS (using both selected ion monitoring and total ion monitoring) methods were used. The number of detected compounds was in the range of 85-117, while the sum of the concentrations varied from 959 μg/kg dry-wt to 84,445 μg/kg dry-wt. Sterols were quantified with high frequency in nearly 100% of investigated samples suggesting that the studied rivers and canals have been contaminated by sewage. Regarding persistent organic compounds, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and o,p'-DDT were the dominant members of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The concentration range of 11 quantified pesticides of 452 analyzed was from 0.564 to 61.6 μg/kg dry-wt, while the concentration range of 47 quantified PCBs of 90 analyzed was from 0.928 to 32.1 μg/kg dry-wt. OCPs (DDE, DDD, and γ-HCH) and several PAHs (fluoranthene, pyrene, phenanthrene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene) exceeded the maximum values of the sediment quality guidelines. Contents of domestic compounds comprise a large proportion of the total contaminant concentration. Overall, the study reveals that river sediments in Vojvodina Province were moderately polluted mainly by domestic wastewater. The toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) relative to benzo(a)pyrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin for seven carcinogenic PAHs and six quantified dioxin-like PCBs ranged from 3.59 to 103 μg TEQ/kg and from 0.001 × 10-3 to 2.10 × 10-3 μg TEQ/kg, respectively, and were in the range or lower than the literature published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana D Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Igor Antić
- Faculty of Technology, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Grigorije Jovanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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Ahmad A, Ahmad M. Deciphering the toxic effects of organochlorine pesticide, dicofol on human RBCs and lymphocytes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 143:127-134. [PMID: 29183581 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides have generated growing concern owing to their diverse toxicities. In this connection, we have evaluated toxic potential of an acaricide, dicofol (DCF) and its harmful effects on human RBCs and lymphocytes. DCF caused hemolysis and rupture of human erythrocytes as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant increase in protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, ROS production, methemoglobin formation with enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase but decreased level of reduced glutathione were observed as a result of DCF exposure to human erythrocytes. SEM showed significant DCF induced alterations in RBCs from normal discoid shape to echinocytes. Similarly, lymphocytes showed membrane damage, formation of membrane blebs and distorted cell morphology. In vitro comet assay indicated a significant DNA fragmentation in human lymphocytes upon DCF exposure. These results strongly suggest that DCF induces oxidative stress in RBCs via generation of ROS and alters the cellular architecture directly and indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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22
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Zeng F, Yang D, Xing X, Qi S. Evaluation of Bayesian approaches to identify DDT source contributions to soils in Southeast China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 176:32-38. [PMID: 28254712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dicofol application may be an important source to elevate the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) residues to soils in Fujian, Southeast China, after the technical DDT was banned, which left DDT residues from the historical application. The DDT residues varied geographically, corresponding to the varied potential sources of DDT. In this study, a novel approach based on the Bayesian method (BM) was developed to identify the source contributions of DDT to soils, composed with both historical DDT and dicofol. The Naive Bayesian classifier was used basing on the subset of the samples, which were determined by chemical analysis independent of the Bayesian approach. The results show that BM (95%) was higher than that using the ratio of o, p'-/p, p'-DDT (84%) to identify DDT source contributions. High detection rate (97%) of dicofol (p, p'-OH-DDT) was observed in the subset, showing dicofol application influenced the DDX levels in soils in Fujian. However, the contribution from historical technical DDT source was greater than that from dicofol in Fujian, indicating historical technical DDT was still an important pollution source to soils. In addition, both the DDX (DDT isomers and derivatives) level and dicofol contribution in non-agricultural soils were higher than other agricultural land uses, especially in hilly regions, the potential cause may be the atmospheric transport of dicofol type DDT, after spraying during daytime, or regional difference on production and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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23
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Yin G, Athanassiadis I, Bergman Å, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Asplund L. A refined method for analysis of 4,4'-dicofol and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:13307-13314. [PMID: 28386885 PMCID: PMC5434158 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The acaricide, dicofol, is a well-known pesticide and partly a substitute for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Only few reports on environmental occurrence and concentrations have been reported calling for improvements. Hence, an analytical method was further developed for dicofol and dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) to enable assessments of their environmental occurrence. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to remove lipids and to separate dicofol from DCBP. On-column injection was used as an alternative to splitless injection to protect dicofol from thermal decomposition. By the method presented herein, it is possible to quantify dicofol and DCBP in the same samples. Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) were spiked at two dose levels and the recoveries were determined. The mean recovery for dicofol was 65% at the low dose (1 ng) and 77% at the high dose (10 ng). The mean recovery for DCBP was 99% at the low dose (9.2 ng) and 146% at the high dose (46 ng). The method may be further improved by use of another lipid removal method, e.g., gel permeation chromatography. The method implies a step forward in dicofol environmental assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Athanassiadis
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Forskargatan 20, SE-15136, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Yihui Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lillemor Asplund
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Du J, Gridneva Z, Gay MCL, Trengove RD, Hartmann PE, Geddes DT. Pesticides in human milk of Western Australian women and their influence on infant growth outcomes: A cross-sectional study. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:247-254. [PMID: 27728883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants in human milk (HM) at high levels are considered to be detrimental to the breastfed infant. To determine the pesticide concentration in HM, a pilot cross-sectional study of 40 Western Australian (WA) women was carried out. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with a validated QuEChERS was used for the analysis of 88 pesticides in HM. p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) with a mean concentration of 62.8 ± 54.5 ng/g fat was found, whereas other organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids were not detected in HM. Overall, no association was observed between HM p,p'-DDE concentrations and maternal age, parity, body mass index and percentage fat mass. Furthermore, for the first time no significant association was found between p,p'-DDE concentrations in HM and infant growth outcomes such as weight, length, head circumference and percentage fat mass. The calculated daily intake was significantly different to the estimated daily intake of total DDTs and was well below the guideline proposed by WHO. The DDTs levels in WA have also significantly decreased by 42 - fold since the 1970s and are currently the lowest in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Melvin C L Gay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Robert D Trengove
- Separation Science Laboratory, Research and Development, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter E Hartmann
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
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25
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Yang C, Lv T, Yan H, Wu G, Li H. Glyoxal-Urea-Formaldehyde Molecularly Imprinted Resin as Pipette Tip Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent for Selective Screening of Organochlorine Pesticides in Spinach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9650-9656. [PMID: 26449689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new kind of glyoxal-urea-formaldehyde molecularly imprinted resin (GUF-MIR) was synthesized by a glyoxal-urea-formaldehyde (GUF) gel imprinting method with 4,4'-dichlorobenzhydrol as a dummy template. The obtained GUF-MIR was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and applied as a selective adsorbent of miniaturized pipet tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) for the separation and extraction of three organochlorine pesticides (dicofol (DCF), dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (DDD), and tetradifon) in spinach samples. The proposed pretreatment procedures of spinach samples involved only 5.0 mg of GUF-MIR, 0.7 mL of MeOH-H2O (1:1, v/v) (washing solvent), and 0.6 mL of cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (9:1, v/v) (elution solvent). In comparison with other adsorbents (such as silica gel, C18, NH2-silica gel, and neutral alumina (Al2O3-N)), GUF-MIR showed higher adsorption and purification capacity for DCF, DDD, and tetradifon in aqueous solution. The average recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 89.1% to 101.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 7.1% (n = 3). The presented GUF-MIR-PT-SPE method combines the advantages of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), GUF, and PT-SPE and can be used in polar solutions with high affinity and selectivity to the analytes in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Tianwei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University and ‡Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
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26
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Zhai Z, Yang T, Zhang B, Zhang J. Effects of metal ions on the catalytic degradation of dicofol by cellulase. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 33:163-168. [PMID: 26141889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new technique whereby cellulase immobilized on aminated silica was applied to catalyze the degradation of dicofol, an organochlorine pesticide. In order to evaluate the performance of free and immobilized cellulase, experiments were carried out to measure the degradation efficiency. The Michaelis constant, Km, of the reaction catalyzed by immobilized cellulase was 9.16 mg/L, and the maximum reaction rate, Vmax, was 0.40 mg/L/min, while that of free cellulase was Km=8.18 mg/L, and Vmax=0.79 mg/L/min, respectively. The kinetic constants of catalytic degradation were calculated to estimate substrate affinity. Considering that metal ions may affect enzyme activity, the effects of different metal ions on the catalytic degradation efficiency were explored. The results showed that the substrate affinity decreased after immobilization. Monovalent metal ions had no effect on the reaction, while divalent metal ions had either positive or inhibitory effects, including activation by Mn2+, reversible competition with Cd2+, and irreversible inhibition by Pb2+. Ca2+ promoted the catalytic degradation of dicofol at low concentrations, but inhibited it at high concentrations. Compared with free cellulase, immobilized cellulase was affected less by metal ions. This work provided a basis for further studies on the co-occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and heavy metal ions in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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27
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Lu D, Wang D, Ni R, Lin Y, Feng C, Xu Q, Jia X, Wang G, Zhou Z. Organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites in human breast milk from Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9293-306. [PMID: 25595932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants that could cause deleterious effects on human health. Breast milk represents a noninvasive specimen source to assess maternal and infant exposure to OCPs. This study recruited 142 pregnant mothers in 2011-2012 in Shanghai, China, and their breast milk samples were collected during lactation and analyzed for 27 OCP compounds. Detection rates were in a range of 65.5 to 100 %. In particular, metabolites of 2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) such as 2-chloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDMU), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (DDOH), bis(4-chlorophenyl)ketone (DBP), and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylmethane (DDM) were detected in most milk samples. DDTs, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were dominant OCPs with mean levels of 316, 49.8, and 41.5 ng/g lipid content, respectively, whereas levels of methoxychlor, ∑Drins, ∑Heptachlor, ∑Chlordane, and ∑Endosulfan were fairly low (0.87-5.6 ng/g lipid content). Milk concentrations of OCPs were weakly correlated with maternal age, body weight, and body mass indexes (BMIs). ∑OCPs in this study were much lower than those in human breast milk samples collected in 2002 and 2007. Consumption of higher amounts of fish was associated with higher milk levels of OCPs. Specific OCP patterns in breast milk samples from migrant mothers in Shanghai reflected features of OCP production, use, and exposure in their home provinces. The probabilistic exposure assessment model reveals that Shanghai infants were exposed to low levels of OCPs through breast milk consumption. However, infants as the vulnerable group might be subject to the potential additive and/or synergistic health effects from complex OCP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Lu
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Lab for Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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28
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Fång J, Nyberg E, Winnberg U, Bignert A, Bergman Å. Spatial and temporal trends of the Stockholm Convention POPs in mothers' milk -- a global review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:8989-9041. [PMID: 25913228 PMCID: PMC4473027 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been of environmental and health concern for more than half a century and have their own intergovernmental regulation through the Stockholm Convention, from 2001. One major concern is the nursing child's exposure to POPs, a concern that has led to a very large number of scientific studies on POPs in mothers' milk. The present review is a report on the assessment on worldwide spatial distributions of POPs and of their temporal trends. The data presented herein is a compilation based on scientific publications between 1995 and 2011. It is evident that the concentrations in mothers' milk depend on the use of pesticides and industrial chemicals defined as POPs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and "dioxins" are higher in the more industrialized areas, Europe and Northern America, whereas pesticides are higher in Africa and Asia and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are reported in higher concentrations in the USA. POPs are consequently distributed to women in all parts of the world and are thus delivered to the nursing child. The review points out several major problems in the reporting of data, which are crucial to enable high quality comparisons. Even though the data set is large, the comparability is hampered by differences in reporting. In conclusion, much more detailed instructions are needed for reporting POPs in mothers' milk. Temporal trend data for POPs in mothers' milk is scarce and is of interest when studying longer time series. The only two countries with long temporal trend studies are Japan and Sweden. In most cases, the trends show decreasing concentrations of POPs in mothers' milk. However, hexabromocyclododecane is showing increasing temporal concentration trends in both Japan and Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Fång
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
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29
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Association between Several Persistent Organic Pollutants and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Cord Blood Serum and Bloodspot of the Newborn Infants of Korea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125213. [PMID: 25965908 PMCID: PMC4429016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on adverse endocrine disruption effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) among newborn infants is limited and often controversial. To investigate the associations between prenatal exposure to major POPs and thyroid hormone levels among newborn infants, both cord serum or maternal serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were compared with five thyroid hormones in cord serum of newborn infants as well as TSH in bloodspot collected at 2 day after birth (n=104). Since cord serum thyroid hormones could be affected by those of mothers, thyroid hormone concentrations of the matching mothers at delivery were adjusted. In cord serum, BDE-47, -99, and Σchlordane (CHD) showed significant positive associations with cord or bloodspot TSH. At the same time, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and hexachlorbenzene (HCB) showed negative associations with total T3 and total T4 in cord serum, respectively. Maternal exposure to β-hexachlorhexane (β-HCH), ΣCHD, ΣDDT, or p,p'-DDE were also associated with neonatal thyroid hormones. Although the sample size is small and the thyroid hormone levels of the subjects were within the reference range, our observation supports thyroid disrupting potential of several POPs among newborn infants, at the levels occurring in the general population. Considering the importance of thyroid hormones during gestation and early life stages, health implication of thyroid hormone effects by low level POPs exposure deserves further follow up investigations.
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Li L, Liu J, Hu J. Global inventory, long-range transport and environmental distribution of dicofol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:212-222. [PMID: 25442667 DOI: 10.1021/es502092x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainties on whether dicofol can be identified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) in terms of its long-range transport (LRT) potential and global distribution, are always a controversial topic during international regulation deliberations. The lack of monitoring data in remote background regions necessitates a model-based evaluation approach for assessing the global distribution of dicofol. However, few model simulations are available at present, as there is no inventory available for global historical usage of dicofol that has sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution. To describe the current status of global emission, we first developed an inventory of global dicofol usage for the period of 2000-2012 at 1° × 1° latitude/longitude resolution. We then assessed the LRT potential of dicofol by calculating its Arctic Contamination Potential using the Globo-POP model. In addition, we simulated the global mass distribution and the fate of dicofol in the environment using the BETR-Global model at 15° × 15° latitude/longitude resolution. Our estimated inventory established that over the period of 13 years, a total of 28.2 kilo tonnes (kt) of dicofol was applied and released into the environment. East and Southeast Asia, the Mediterranean Coast, and Northern and Central America were identified as hotspots of usage and release. Dicofol exhibited a higher Arctic Contamination Potential than several confirmed Arctic contaminants, and a larger current volume of consumption than most existing POPs. The results of our BETR-Global simulation suggest that (i) dicofol can indeed be transported northward, most likely driven by both atmospheric and oceanic advections from source regions at midlatitudes, and (ii) dicofol will be enriched in remote background regions. Continuous use of dicofol in source regions will result in exposure both locally and in remote regions, and the examination of the potential for adverse effects is therefore of paramount importance. Proactive restrictions at the international level may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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31
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Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Camacho M, Boada LD, Ruiz-Suarez N, Almeida-González M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP. Daily intake of anthropogenic pollutants through yogurt consumption in the Spanish population. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2014.978777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Cheng X, Yan H, Wang X, Sun N, Qiao X. Vortex-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction for rapid screening and recognition of dicofol residues in tea products. Food Chem 2014; 162:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Yan H, Yang C, Sun Y, Row KH. Ionic liquid molecularly imprinted polymers for application in pipette-tip solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography for rapid screening of dicofol in celery. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1361:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Berton T, Mayhoub F, Chardon K, Duca RC, Lestremau F, Bach V, Tack K. Development of an analytical strategy based on LC-MS/MS for the measurement of different classes of pesticides and theirs metabolites in meconium: application and characterisation of foetal exposure in France. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 132:311-320. [PMID: 24834827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is important to evaluate the impact of pesticides on human health because exposure to these compounds has been linked to harmful effects in many research studies. This exposure may be particularly harmful during the early stages of development (e.g. the prenatal period). The aim of the present study was to develop an analytical strategy for quantifying a number of pesticides and their metabolites in meconium (the neonate's first faeces), in order to characterize the extent of foetal exposure. The meconium sample was dried and grinded in order to homogenize the sample, prior to solid-liquid extraction and a purification by solid-phase extraction using a weak anion mixed-mode polymeric sorbent. Analyte separation and quantification was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Five pesticide families (carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, phenylureas and phenoxy herbicides) and their metabolites could be quantified in meconium with limits of quantification ranging between 0.2 ng/g and 200 ng/g. This method was applied to a set of 171 meconium samples collected in the Picardie region of northern France. The highest prevalence was observed for metabolites of organophosphates and carbamates (57.9% and 22.8%, respectively). The parent pesticides were rarely present and were only found at very low concentrations, except for the pyrethroids cyfluthrin and cypermethrin, which were found in 7.6% of meconium samples at concentrations of between 43.8 and 480 ng/g. The most frequently detected contaminant was the organophosphate metabolite dimethyl thiophosphate detected in 49.1% of the samples and quantified with a median concentration of 344 ng/g. These data evidence significant foetal exposure to organophosphate pesticides, pyrethroids and carbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Berton
- Péritox UMI INERIS 01EA 4285, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 3 rue des Louvels, F-80036 Amiens, France; INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Parc Technologique Alata, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Flora Mayhoub
- Péritox UMI INERIS 01EA 4285, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 3 rue des Louvels, F-80036 Amiens, France
| | - Karen Chardon
- Péritox UMI INERIS 01EA 4285, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 3 rue des Louvels, F-80036 Amiens, France
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Péritox UMI INERIS 01EA 4285, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 3 rue des Louvels, F-80036 Amiens, France; INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Parc Technologique Alata, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Francois Lestremau
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Parc Technologique Alata, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
| | - Véronique Bach
- Péritox UMI INERIS 01EA 4285, UFR de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 3 rue des Louvels, F-80036 Amiens, France
| | - Karine Tack
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Parc Technologique Alata, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
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Yan H, Sun N, Han Y, Yang C, Wang M, Wu R. Ionic liquid-mediated molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detector for rapid screening of dicofol in vegetables. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1307:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Martins JG, Amaya Chávez A, Waliszewski SM, Colín Cruz A, García Fabila MM. Extraction and clean-up methods for organochlorine pesticides determination in milk. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:233-246. [PMID: 23648324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) can cause environmental damage and human health risks since they are lipophilic compounds with high resistance to degradation and long half-lives in humans. As most persistent OCPs have been banned years ago, it is expected to find these compounds at trace levels in environment. Therefore, increasingly sensitive and reliable analytical techniques are required to ensure effective monitoring of these compounds. The aim of this review is to discuss extraction and clean-up methods used to monitor OCP residues in milk, reported in the last 20 years. To carry out this review, an exhaustive bibliographic review was conducted. Despite the disadvantages of conventional extraction and clean-up methods, such as liquid-liquid, solid-phase or Soxhlet extractions, these procedures are still used due to their reliability. New extraction methods, like solid-phase microextraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion or QuEChERS, have not been thoroughly evaluated for OCP determination in milk. Almost all the methodologies analyzed in this review presented good performance characteristics according to the performance acceptability criteria set in SANCO's procedure. Comparison between limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD), for the reported methodologies, is not always possible due to the heterogeneity of the units. Thus, researchers should take into account an homogenization of LOD and LOQ units, according to the international regulations and MRLs established. Finally, more research is necessary to obtain the ideal methodology for OCPs determination in milk, which comprises the environmentally friendly characteristics of the new techniques and the reliability of the traditional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gomes Martins
- Departamento de Farmacia de la Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan Esq. Paseo Colón, C.P. 50100 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Jørs E, Hay-Younes J, Condarco MA, Condarco G, Cervantes R, Huici O, Bælum J. Is Gender a Risk Factor for Pesticide Intoxications Among Farmers in Bolivia? A Cross-Sectional Study. J Agromedicine 2013; 18:132-9. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2013.767102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fujii Y, Ito Y, Harada KH, Hitomi T, Koizumi A, Haraguchi K. Comparative survey of levels of chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides in breast milk from some cities of China, Korea and Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:452-457. [PMID: 22743181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of mothers to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was assessed by measuring the levels of 20 OCPs in 70 human breast milk samples pooled from 210 individuals from China, Korea and Japan. The OCPs were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) monitoring. The results showed that β-hexachlorocyclohexane and hexachlorobenzene were one order of magnitude higher in China than in the other nations, whereas chlordanes and polychlorinated biphenyl levels were highest in Japan. Heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, toxaphenes and mirex were detected in most samples, and levels of these chemicals were significantly higher in Japan (0.8-4.5 ng g(-1) lipid), followed by Korea (0.2-4.7 ng g(-1) lipid), and lowest in China (less than 1.0 ng g(-1) lipid). α- and β-endosulfans were detected at a range of 0.9-1.5 ng g(-1) lipid levels in all samples analyzed, and their levels were higher in Korean than in Chinese samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Matisová E, Hrouzková S. Analysis of endocrine disrupting pesticides by capillary GC with mass spectrometric detection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:3166-96. [PMID: 23202677 PMCID: PMC3499860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9093166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, among them many pesticides, alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system of both wildlife and humans at very low concentration levels. Therefore, the importance of method development for their analysis in food and the environment is increasing. This also covers contributions in the field of ultra-trace analysis of multicomponent mixtures of organic pollutants in complex matrices. With this fact conventional capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and fast CGC with mass spectrometric detection (MS) has acquired a real importance in the analysis of endocrine disrupting pesticide (EDP) residues. This paper provides an overview of GC methods, including sample preparation steps, for analysis of EDPs in a variety of matrices at ultra-trace concentration levels. Emphasis is put on separation method, mode of MS detection and ionization and obtained limits of detection and quantification. Analysis time is one of the most important aspects that should be considered in the choice of analytical methods for routine analysis. Therefore, the benefits of developed fast GC methods are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Matisová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Zhong G, Xie Z, Cai M, Möller A, Sturm R, Tang J, Zhang G, He J, Ebinghaus R. Distribution and air-sea exchange of current-use pesticides (CUPs) from East Asia to the high Arctic Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:259-67. [PMID: 22103582 DOI: 10.1021/es202655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface seawater and marine boundary layer air samples were collected on the ice-breaker R/V Xuelong (Snow Dragon) from the East China Sea to the high Arctic (33.23-84.5° N) in July to September 2010 and have been analyzed for six current-use pesticides (CUPs): trifluralin, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, dacthal, and dicofol. In all oceanic air samples, the six CUPs were detected, showing highest level (>100 pg/m(3)) in the Sea of Japan. Gaseous CUPs basically decreased from East Asia (between 36.6 and 45.1° N) toward Bering and Chukchi Seas. The dissolved CUPs in ocean water ranged widely from <MDL to 111 pg/L. Latitudinal trends of α-endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and dicofol in seawater were roughly consistent with their latitudinal trends in air. Trifluralin in seawater was relatively high in the Sea of Japan (35.2° N) and evenly distributed between 36.9 and 72.5° N, but it remained below the detection limit at the highest northern latitudes in Chukchi Sea. In contrast with other CUPs, concentrations of chlorothalonil and dacthal were more abundant in Chukchi Sea and in East Asia. The air-sea gas exchange of CUPs was generally dominated by net deposition. Latitudinal trends of fugacity ratios of α-endosulfan, chlorothalonil, and dacthal showed stronger deposition of these compounds in East Asia than in Chukchi Sea, while trifluralin showed stronger deposition in Chukchi Sea (-455 ± 245 pg/m(2)/day) than in the North Pacific (-241 ± 158 pg/m(2)/day). Air-sea gas exchange of chlorpyrifos varied from net volatilizaiton in East Asia (<40° N) to equilibrium or net deposition in the North Pacific and the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Zhong
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht, Germany
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Determination of dicofol in aquatic products using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with GC-ECD detection. Talanta 2011; 85:2100-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mnif W, Hassine AIH, Bouaziz A, Bartegi A, Thomas O, Roig B. Effect of endocrine disruptor pesticides: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:2265-303. [PMID: 21776230 PMCID: PMC3138025 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8062265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system of both wildlife and humans. A huge number of chemicals have been identified as endocrine disruptors, among them several pesticides. Pesticides are used to kill unwanted organisms in crops, public areas, homes and gardens, and parasites in medicine. Human are exposed to pesticides due to their occupations or through dietary and environmental exposure (water, soil, air). For several years, there have been enquiries about the impact of environmental factors on the occurrence of human pathologies. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the potential impacts of endocrine disruptor pesticides on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissem Mnif
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Unité de Recherche 02/UR/09-01, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, de Monastir, BP 74, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; E-Mails: (W.M.); (A.I.H.H); (A.B.)
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Pole Technologie Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Aziza Ibn Hadj Hassine
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Unité de Recherche 02/UR/09-01, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, de Monastir, BP 74, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; E-Mails: (W.M.); (A.I.H.H); (A.B.)
| | - Aicha Bouaziz
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Unité de Recherche 02/UR/09-01, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, de Monastir, BP 74, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; E-Mails: (W.M.); (A.I.H.H); (A.B.)
| | - Aghleb Bartegi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 1759, 31982, Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
| | - Olivier Thomas
- Environment and Health Research laboratory (LERES), Advanced School of Public Health (EHESP), Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; E-Mail: (O.T.)
| | - Benoit Roig
- Environment and Health Research laboratory (LERES), Advanced School of Public Health (EHESP), Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; E-Mail: (O.T.)
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