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Barros de Souza A, Ali I, van de Goor T, Dewil R, Cabooter D. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the photoelectrochemical degradation of environmentally relevant pharmaceuticals and their degradation products in water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:120023. [PMID: 38181683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The widespread presence of organic micropollutants in the environment reflects the inability of traditional wastewater treatment plants to remove them. In this context, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as promising quaternary wastewater treatment technologies since they efficiently degrade recalcitrant components by generating highly reactive free radicals. Nonetheless, the chemical characterization of potentially harmful byproducts is essential to avoid the contamination of natural water bodies with hazardous substances. Given the complexity of wastewater matrices, the implementation of comprehensive analytical methodologies is required. In this work, the simultaneous photoelectrochemical degradation of seven environmentally relevant pharmaceuticals and one metabolite from the EU Watch List 2020/1161 was examined in ultrapure water and simulated wastewater, achieving excellent removal efficiencies (overall >95%) after 180 min treatment. The reactor unit was linked to an online LC sample manager, allowing for automated sampling every 15 min and near real-time process monitoring. Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was subsequently used to tentatively identify degradation products after photoelectrochemical degradation. Two reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) columns were used: an SB-C18 column operated with 5 mM ammonium formate at pH 5.8 (1A) and methanol (1B) as the mobile phases in the first dimension and an SB-Aq column using acidified water at pH 3.1 (2A) and acetonitrile (2B) as the mobile phases in the second dimension. This resulted in a five-fold increase in peak capacity compared to one-dimensional LC while maintaining the same total analysis time of 50 min. The LC x LC method allowed the tentative identification of 12 venlafaxine, 7 trimethoprim and 10 ciprofloxacin intermediates. Subsequent toxicity predictions suggested that some of these byproducts were potentially harmful. This study presents an effective hybrid technology for the simultaneous removal of pharmaceuticals from contaminated wastewater matrices and demonstrates how multidimensional liquid chromatography techniques can be applied to better understand the degradation mechanisms after the treatment of micropollutants with AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson Barros de Souza
- Agilent Technologies Deutschland, Hewlett-Packard-Strasse 8, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany; KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Izba Ali
- InOpSys - Mobiele Waterzuivering voor Chemie en Farma, Maanstraat 9b, 2800, Mechelen, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Tom van de Goor
- Agilent Technologies Deutschland, Hewlett-Packard-Strasse 8, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Raf Dewil
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Costa C, Semedo M, Machado SP, Cunha V, Ferreira M, Urbatzka R. Transcriptional analyses reveal different mechanism of toxicity for a chronic exposure to fluoxetine and venlafaxine on the brain of the marine fish Dicentrarchrus labrax. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109170. [PMID: 34454087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) are prescribed for clinical depression and detected in aquatic ecosystems. The main aim of this study was to explore and evaluate transcriptional responses of neurotransmitter genes in the brain of a marine fish species, European seabass, and to analyze global brain transcriptomic changes by a RNA-seq technology (MACE, massive analysis of cDNA ends). The juveniles were exposed to two psychopharmaceuticals: (i) fluoxetine (FLX) at the concentration of 0.5 μg/L and 50 μg/L; (ii) venlafaxine (VENX) at the concentration of 0.01 μg/L and 1 μg/L. The exposures were performed for 21 days, followed by a 7-day recovery period to assess the reversibility of effects. Both psychopharmaceuticals affected differentially the neurotransmitter mRNA expression analyzed by RT-qPCR (serotonin receptors: 5-ht3a, 5-ht3b; dopamine receptors: d2, d3; neurotransmitter transporter: sert, vmat; degrading enzyme: mao). Transcriptomic analyses after 21 days of exposure revealed 689 and 632 significant different transcripts by FLX at 0.5 and 50 μg/L, respectively, and 432 and 1250 by VENX at 0.01 and 1 μg/L, respectively, and confirmed different mechanism of toxicity between both compounds. At environmental concentrations, more general pathways including energy metabolism were affected, while at the higher concentration effects on neurotransmitter pathways were observed (FLX: exocytosis and vesicle formation; VENX: small molecule catabolism regulating dopamine and tyrosine level). These results provided new insights into the chronic effects of psychopharmaceutical compounds on marine fish and suggest the need of a separate ecotoxicological risk analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Costa
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel Semedo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sandrine P Machado
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Virginia Cunha
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, University of South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Wang W, Gong W, Zhou S, Han J, Qi D, Qu H. β-cyclodextrin improve the tolerant of freshwater algal Spiny Scenedesmus to chiral drugs venlafaxine and its metabolite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123076. [PMID: 32540709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study based on the freshwater algae Spiny scenedesmus (S. scenedesmus) with tolerance to venlafaxine aiming to investigate algae removal abilities. Here presented for the first time to evaluate the effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on reduce toxicity and enhance removal ability of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine to S. scenedesmus. Based on dose-response results, the toxicity of R-venlafaxine (EC50 = 6.81 mg·L -1) and R-O-desmethylvenlafaxine (EC50 = 3.36 mg·L -1) to algae were more than two times than those in the presence of β-CD treatment (10.64 mg L -1 for R-venlafaxine and 11.87 mg L -1 for R-O-desmethylvenlafaxine). The significant differences were observed between S-venlafaxine (11.07 mg L -1) and S-O-desmethylvenlafaxine (10.24 mg L -1), which were more toxic than R-forms. The half-lives of R- and S-venlafaxine were 0.8 d and 0.5 d in the presence of β-CD, which were obvious shorter than those in alone treatments. In addition, our experiments not only demonstrated that β-CD performed particularly well for removal of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine, it significantly reduces the toxicity of venlafaxine to alga. These results highlight advantages of β-CD relevant to chiral drugs removal and protection of aquatic organisms, which may have a better application for environmental and ecological safety in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Wenwen Gong
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shuangxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Rm LM 321, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Delin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Han Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai, 810016, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85712, United States.
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From Laboratory Tests to the Ecoremedial System: The Importance of Microorganisms in the Recovery of PPCPs-Disturbed Ecosystems. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a wide variety of emerging pollutants in natural water resources is an important global water quality challenge. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are known as emerging contaminants, widely used by modern society. This objective ensures availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, according to the 2030 Agenda. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) do not always mitigate the presence of these emerging contaminants in effluents discharged into the environment, although the removal efficiency of WWTP varies based on the techniques used. This main subject is framed within a broader environmental paradigm, such as the transition to a circular economy. The research and innovation within the WWTP will play a key role in improving the water resource management and its surrounding industrial and natural ecosystems. Even though bioremediation is a green technology, its integration into the bio-economy strategy, which improves the quality of the environment, is surprisingly rare if we compare to other corrective techniques (physical and chemical). This work carries out a bibliographic review, since the beginning of the 21st century, on the biological remediation of some PPCPs, focusing on organisms (or their by-products) used at the scale of laboratory or scale-up. PPCPs have been selected on the basics of their occurrence in water resources. The data reveal that, despite the advantages that are associated with bioremediation, it is not the first option in the case of the recovery of systems contaminated with PPCPs. The results also show that fungi and bacteria are the most frequently studied microorganisms, with the latter being more easily implanted in complex biotechnological systems (78% of bacterial manuscripts vs. 40% fungi). A total of 52 works has been published while using microalgae and only in 7% of them, these organisms were used on a large scale. Special emphasis is made on the advantages that are provided by biotechnological systems in series, as well as on the need for eco-toxicological control that is associated with any process of recovery of contaminated systems.
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Khalilzadeh MA, Tajik S, Beitollahi H, Venditti RA. Green Synthesis of Magnetic Nanocomposite with Iron Oxide Deposited on Cellulose Nanocrystals with Copper (Fe3O4@CNC/Cu): Investigation of Catalytic Activity for the Development of a Venlafaxine Electrochemical Sensor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Khalilzadeh
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, United States
| | - Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631818356, Iran
| | - Richard A. Venditti
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, United States
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Marti E, Osorio V, Llorca M, Paredes L, Gros M. Environmental risks of sewage sludge reuse in agriculture. WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND REUSE – LESSONS LEARNED IN TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apmp.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kosma CI, Nannou CI, Boti VI, Albanis TA. Psychiatrics and selected metabolites in hospital and urban wastewaters: Occurrence, removal, mass loading, seasonal influence and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:1473-1483. [PMID: 31096357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, removal, mass loading, seasonal influence and environmental risk assessment of nine psychiatric pharmaceuticals and four of their selected metabolites, were studied in one hospital and one urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Ioannina city, in northwestern Greece, providing information about the efficiency of the plants and their contribution into the final receiver's flow. Samples were collected from the influents and the effluents of the plants in different sampling campaigns, from July to December 2016. Analytical methodology was based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry, after solid-phase extraction through Oasis HLB cartridges. Concentrations in both WWTPs ranged between <LOQ and 1126.3 ng/L in the influents and between <LOQ and 1127.4 ng/L, in the effluents. Results indicated that venlafaxine and its metabolite O-desmethyl venlafaxine were the most frequently detected compounds in the influents and the effluents of both WWTPs. Metabolite to parent compound ratio ranged in the influents between 0.01 and 87.2 while in the effluents between 0.01 and 47.7. Based on mass loads in the influents, venlafaxine is consumed in high amounts (up to 67.1 mg/day/1000 inhab.), and consequently its metabolite O-desmethyl venlafaxine (up to 139.1 mg/day/1000 inhab.). Similarly to the influents, environmental emissions, were also higher for venlafaxine and O-desmethyl venlafaxine (10.1 and 13.3 mg/d/1000 inhab., respectively). Removal efficiencies in the hospital WWTP ranged from -100% to 98.9%, while in the city WWTP from -49.9% to 99.8%. Furthermore, an important outcome was the evaluation of the potential ecotoxicological risk, by means of risk quotients (RQs), where none of the target psychiatrics or their metabolites showed RQ above 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina I Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki I Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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8
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Voltammetric determination of venlafaxine as an antidepressant drug employing Gd2O3 nanoparticles graphite screen printed electrode. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Deniere E, Van Hulle S, Van Langenhove H, Demeestere K. Advanced oxidation of pharmaceuticals by the ozone-activated peroxymonosulfate process: the role of different oxidative species. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:204-213. [PMID: 30099363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the need for innovations in advanced oxidation processes to deal with challenges such as OH scavenging, this paper addresses the removal of pharmaceuticals with a large variety in ozone reactivity (kO3 = 0.15-3 × 105 M-1s-1) by use of the novel ozone-activated peroxymonosulfate (O3/PMS) process. A clear improvement in removal efficiency (up to 5 times higher) is noticed as a result of the generation of SO4- radicals, mainly for slow-ozone reacting compounds (kO3 ≤ 250 M-1s-1) and in the presence of a OH scavenger. Depending on the target compound, SO4- are assessed to contribute for 50-90% to the overall removal of the micropollutants, both in single-compound and mixture experiments. Ozone-based PMS activation occurs at neutral to alkaline pH and, in the presence of a OH scavenger, removal efficiencies during O3/PMS are up to 3 times higher than with the O3/H2O2 process. In optimizing the O3/PMS process, a trade-off has to made between the desired removal and the PMS:O3 ratio. A molar ratio of 1:10 already results in a clear benefit compared to the ozonation process. Further increase of the PMS content up to a 1:1 ratio improved the removal by an additional factor of 1.3-1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Deniere
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Hulle
- Research Group LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Rodríguez-Romero AJ, Rico-Sánchez AE, Catalá M, Sedeño-Díaz JE, López-López E. Mitochondrial activity in fern spores of Cyathea costaricensis as an indicator of the impact of land use and water quality in rivers running through cloud forests. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:435-444. [PMID: 28957761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Early-warning biomarkers, such as mitochondrial activity, have become a key tool in ecosystem assessment. This study aims to evaluate the response of mitochondrial activity in spores of the autochthonous fern Cyathea costaricensis as a bioassessment tool concurrently with land use and physicochemical evaluation in 11 sites along Bobos River, Veracruz, Mexico, to assess river water quality. Bobos River is located in the Nautla basin, northeastern Veracruz (Mexico); the upper river runs through a protected natural area (Filobobos River and adjacent areas). The study involved three monitoring periods: February, June and September 2014. In each study site, physicochemical water quality parameters were recorded to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI); also, study sites were characterized in terms of land use. Water samples were collected to perform bioassays where spores of C. costaricensis were exposed to samples to assess mitochondrial activity; a positive control exposure test was run under controlled conditions to maximize mitochondrial activity. A Principal Component Analysis was performed to correlate land-use attributes with environmental variables and mitochondrial activity. Three river sections were identified: the upper portion was characterized by the dominance of native vegetation, the highest WQI (in September), and the lowest mitochondrial activity (63.87%-77.47%), related to the geological nature of the basin and high hardness levels. Mitochondrial activity peaked in September (98.32% ± 9.01), likely resulting from nutrient enrichment in the rainy season, and was lowest in February (74.54% ± 1.60) (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial activity was found to be a good benchmark for the assessment of water quality, reflecting the effects of physicochemical characteristics. Mitochondrial activity showed changes along the river and between seasons, associated with environmental characteristics such as land use and the geological nature of the basin, as well as with those related to human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Joseph Rodríguez-Romero
- Laboratorio de Evaluación de la Salud de los Ecosistemas Acuáticos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Axel Eduardo Rico-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Evaluación de la Salud de los Ecosistemas Acuáticos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myriam Catalá
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Jacinto Elías Sedeño-Díaz
- Coordinación Politécnica para la Sustentabilidad, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Esq. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07738, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eugenia López-López
- Laboratorio de Evaluación de la Salud de los Ecosistemas Acuáticos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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11
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Lambropoulou D, Evgenidou E, Saliverou V, Kosma C, Konstantinou I. Degradation of venlafaxine using TiO 2/UV process: Kinetic studies, RSM optimization, identification of transformation products and toxicity evaluation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:513-526. [PMID: 27180208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical degradation of the antidepressant drug venlafaxine (VNF) by UV/TiO2 process was investigated in the present study. Prescreening experiments were conducted to study the effects of main parameters affecting the photocatalytic process. In addition, the effects and interactions of most influenced parameters were evaluated and optimized by using a central composite design model and a response surface methodology. Results indicated that VNF was quickly removed in all the irradiation experiments and its degradation was mainly affected by the studied variables (catalyst dose, initial VNF concentration and pH), as well as their interaction effects. Parallel to kinetic studies, the transformation products (TPs) generated during the treatment was investigated using LC coupled to low and high resolution mass spectrometry. Based on identification of the main TPs, tentative transformation pathways were proposed, including hydroxylation, demethylation and dehydration as major transformation routes. Τhe potential risk of VNF and its TPs to aqueous organisms was also investigated using Microtox bioassay before and during the processes. The obtained results showed an increment in the acute toxicity in the first stages and a continuously decreasing after then to very low values reached within 240min of the photocatalytic treatment, demonstrating that UV/TiO2 can lead to the elimination of parent compound and the detoxification of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Τhessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - E Evgenidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Τhessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - V Saliverou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Τhessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - C Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - I Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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12
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Yin L, Ma R, Wang B, Yuan H, Yu G. The degradation and persistence of five pharmaceuticals in an artificial climate incubator during a one year period. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation and persistence of five pharmaceuticals in an artificial climate incubator during a one year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
| | - Honglin Yuan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi'an 710055
- China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
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Fong PP, Bury TBS, Donovan EE, Lambert OJ, Palmucci JR, Adamczak SK. Exposure to SSRI-type antidepressants increases righting time in the marine snail Ilyanassa obsoleta. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:725-731. [PMID: 27752949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to human antidepressants has been shown to disrupt locomotion and other foot-mediated mechanisms in aquatic snails. We tested the effect of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)- and one selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)-type antidepressants on the righting response in the marine snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta. All four antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, venlafaxine) significantly increased righting time compared with controls with an exposure time as short as 1 h. Dose responses were nonmonotonic with effects seen mainly at the lowest exposure concentrations and shortest duration. The lowest concentration to show an effect was 3.45 μg/L fluoxetine with a 2-h exposure period and is about 3.71 times higher than environmental concentrations. Our results highlight rapid disruption of another foot-mediated behavior in aquatic snails by SSRI-type antidepressants. We discuss these and other reported nonmonotonic dose responses caused by antidepressants in terms of the various possible physiological mechanisms of action in nontarget aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Fong
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA.
| | - Taylor B S Bury
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA
| | | | - Olivia J Lambert
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA
| | - Julia R Palmucci
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA
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14
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Esteban S, Llamas PM, García-Cortés H, Catalá M. The endocrine disruptor nonylphenol induces sublethal toxicity in vascular plant development at environmental concentrations: A risk for riparian plants and irrigated crops? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:480-486. [PMID: 27312331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there is a growing concern among the scientific community about the presence of the so-called emergent pollutants in waters of different countries, especially endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that have the ability to alter the hormonal system. One of the substances found almost ubiquitously and in higher concentrations is the alkylphenol nonylphenol. Albeit this compound is included in priority lists as a probable risk for human health and the environment, little is known about its effects on developing plants. The aim of this work is to assess the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of environmental concentrations of nonylphenol in riparian vascular plant development using spores of the fern Polystichum setiferum and a biomarker-based approach: mitochondrial activity (cell viability), chlorophyll (plant physiology) and DNA content (growth). Mitochondrial activity and DNA content show that nonylphenol induces acute and sub-chronic toxicity at 48 h and after 1 week, respectively. Significant effects are observed in both parameters in fern spores at ng L(-1) but chlorophyll autofluorescence shows little changes. The inhibition of germination by natural allelochemicals has been reported to be related with the active hydroxyl group of phenolic compounds and largely independent of the structural nucleus to which it is attached. Results presented in this study suggest that environmental concentrations of nonylphenol could interfere with higher plant germination development by mimicking natural allelochemicals and/or phytohormones acting as a "phytoendocrine disruptor" likely posing ecophysiological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esteban
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Science, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Atenas s/n, E-28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P M Llamas
- Biology and Geology, Physics and Analytical Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Mostóles, Madrid, Spain
| | - H García-Cortés
- Biology and Geology, Physics and Analytical Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Mostóles, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Catalá
- Biology and Geology, Physics and Analytical Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Mostóles, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Li X, Wang Y, Zhao J, Wang H, Wang B, Huang J, Deng S, Yu G. Electro-peroxone treatment of the antidepressant venlafaxine: Operational parameters and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:298-306. [PMID: 26188873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of the antidepressant venlafaxine by a novel electrocatalytic ozonation process, electro-peroxone (E-peroxone), was studied. The E-peroxone treatment involves sparging ozone generator effluent (O2 and O3 gas mixture) into an electrolysis reactor that is equipped with a carbon-polytetrafluoroethylene cathode to electrocatalytically transform O2 in the bubbled gas to H2O2. The in-situ generate H2O2 then reacts with the bubbled O3 to yield OH, which can non-selectively degrade organic compounds rapidly in the solution. Thanks to the significant OH production, the E-peroxone treatment greatly enhanced both venlafaxine degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal as compared to ozonation and electrolysis alone. Under optimal reaction conditions, complete venlafaxine degradation and TOC elimination could be achieved within 3 and 120 min of E-peroxone process, respectively. Based on the by-products (e.g., hydroxylated venlafaxine, phenolics, and carboxylic acids) identified by UPLC-UV and UPLC/Q-TOF-mass spectrometry, plausible reaction pathways were proposed for venlafaxine mineralization by the E-peroxone process. The results of this study suggest that the E-peroxone treatment may provide a promising way to treat venlafaxine contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huijiao Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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16
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García-Cambero JP, García-Cortés H, Valcárcel Y, Catalá M. Environmental concentrations of the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine induced sublethal toxicity in the development of plants but not in a zebrafish embryo-larval model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:866-872. [PMID: 26340554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have found cocaine and its main active metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) in the aquatic environment and drinking water, derived from its consumption by humans as well as the inability of water treatment processes to eliminate it. A few studies have already investigated the ecotoxicology of BE to aquatic invertebrates, but none has still addressed the effects of BE on aquatic vertebrates or vascular plants. The goal of this publication is to provide information on the toxicity of environmental concentrations of BE during animal and vascular plant development, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the potential risk of this substance for the environment. BE induced alterations in mitochondrial activity and DNA levels of fern spores at environmental concentrations (1 ng L(-1)), which could disrupt gametophyte germination. However, BE at concentrations ranging from 1 ng L(-1) to 1 mg L(-1) did not disturb morphogenesis, hatching, heartbeat rate or larval motility in a zebrafish embryo-larval model. Adverse effects on ferns agree with the allelophathic role described for alkaloids and their unspecific interference with plant germination. Therefore, the anthropogenic dispersion of alkaloid allelochemicals may pose a risk for biodiversity and irrigated food production that should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P García-Cambero
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ctra Majadahonda-Pozuelo km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - H García-Cortés
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Higher School of Science and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, ESCET - Campus de Móstoles, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Surgery, Psychology, Public Health, Inmunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Science, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda Atenas S/N, E-28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Catalá
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Higher School of Science and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, ESCET - Campus de Móstoles, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Carter LJ, Williams M, Böttcher C, Kookana RS. Uptake of Pharmaceuticals Influences Plant Development and Affects Nutrient and Hormone Homeostases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12509-18. [PMID: 26418514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The detection of a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the soil environment has led to a number of publications demonstrating uptake by crops, however very few studies have explored the potential for impacts on plant development as a result of API uptake. This study investigated the effect of carbamazepine and verapamil (0.005-10 mg/kg) on a range of plant responses in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). Uptake increased in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum leaf concentrations of 821.9 and 2.2 mg/kg for carbamazepine and verapamil, respectively. Increased carbamazepine uptake by zucchini resulted in a decrease in above (<60%) and below (<30%) ground biomass compared to the controls (p < 0.05). At soil concentrations >4 mg/kg the mature leaves suffered from burnt edges and white spots as well as a reduction in photosynthetic pigments but no such effects were seen for verapamil. For both APIs, further investigations revealed significant differences in the concentrations of selected plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and jasmonates), and in the nutrient composition of the leaves in comparison to the controls (p < 0.05). This is some of the first research to demonstrate that the exposure of plants to APIs is likely to cause impacts on plant development with unknown implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Carter
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus , Adelaide, South Australia , 5064
| | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus , Adelaide, South Australia , 5064
| | | | - Rai S Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus , Adelaide, South Australia , 5064
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18
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Catalá M, Domínguez-Morueco N, Migens A, Molina R, Martínez F, Valcárcel Y, Mastroianni N, López de Alda M, Barceló D, Segura Y. Elimination of drugs of abuse and their toxicity from natural waters by photo-Fenton treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 520:198-205. [PMID: 25817756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the elimination of drugs of abuse from six different chemical classes and their metabolites in natural fluvial waters (nearby the output of a sewage system). Mineralization of these substances and toxicological characterization before and after treatment by a heterogeneous photo-Fenton system has been evaluated. This advanced oxidation technology was able to significantly reduce the concentration of the drugs of abuse in all the tested conditions (different hydrogen peroxide and catalyst loadings). However, toxicological analyses measured as inhibition of fern spore mitochondrial activity, showed only a complete elimination of acute and chronic toxicity when a higher solid catalyst loading was used (0.6 g/L). A lower catalyst loading of 0.2 g/L was not enough for toxicity elimination. These results evidence the need for combining toxicological tests and chemical analyses in order to establish the effectiveness of the water treatment technologies based on advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catalá
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Domínguez-Morueco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Migens
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Molina
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martínez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Research Group in Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology (ToxAmb), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas, s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Mastroianni
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López de Alda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Y Segura
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Pino MR, Val J, Mainar AM, Zuriaga E, Español C, Langa E. Acute toxicological effects on the earthworm Eisenia fetida of 18 common pharmaceuticals in artificial soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:225-237. [PMID: 25765375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Following soil applications of recycled water and biosolids, pharmaceutical residues can eventually enter the terrestrial environment. In vitro and in vivo assays have largely focused on the acute ecotoxicity of these compounds in aquatic systems. However, studies on the ecotoxicological effects of pharmaceuticals in soil biota are especially scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of 18 pharmaceuticals (4 NSAIDs, 5 blood lipid-lowering agents, 6 β-blockers and 3 antibiotics) that are usually found in the environment by using an Eisenia fetida bioassay. In addition, the presence of these pharmaceuticals in artificial soil was verified at the end of the test. Our results indicate that seven of the studied drugs cause acute adverse effects in E. fetida, in particular, the NSAIDs and the blood lipid-lowering agents. Ibuprofen (LC50=64.80 mg/kg) caused the highest acute toxicity for all tested compounds, followed by diclofenac (LC50=90.49 mg/kg) and simvastatin (LC50=92.70 mg/kg). Other tested pharmaceuticals from NSAIDs and blood lipid-lowering families have toxicity effects, from a LC50=140.87 mg/kg for gemfibrozil to 795.07 mg/kg for lovastatin. Atorvastatin, bezafibrate, β-blockers and antibiotics showed no detectable lethality in E. fetida. The four NSAIDs showed evidence of modification of their original chemical structure after 14 days so the detected toxicity may be due to the original product as well as their degradation products. The three blood lipid-lowering agents seem to be more stable in soil. From an environmental perspective, the lethal concentrations of the tested drugs are much greater than those reported in wastewater and biosolids, therefore acute toxic effects may be improbable. However, little is known about the accumulation of these substances in soils after regular applications, so accumulative and chronic effects cannot be excluded. Moreover, more studies are needed to determine the role of the degradation products of these pharmaceuticals on terrestrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Rosa Pino
- Universidad San Jorge, Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, GIMACÉS, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza 50830, Spain.
| | - Jonatan Val
- Universidad San Jorge, Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, GIMACÉS, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza 50830, Spain.
| | - Ana Ma Mainar
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), GATHERS, Calle Mariano Esquillor, s/n, Edificio de Institutos, I3A, Bloque 5, 2.ª planta, 20018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Zuriaga
- Universidad San Jorge, Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, GIMACÉS, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza 50830, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Español
- Universidad San Jorge, Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, GIMACÉS, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza 50830, Spain.
| | - Elisa Langa
- Universidad San Jorge, Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, GIMACÉS, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza 50830, Spain.
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20
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Fedorova G, Randak T, Golovko O, Kodes V, Grabicova K, Grabic R. A passive sampling method for detecting analgesics, psycholeptics, antidepressants and illicit drugs in aquatic environments in the Czech Republic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 487:681-7. [PMID: 24485281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the bioavailable concentrations of analgesics, psycholeptics, antidepressants and illicit drugs in the surface waters of the Czech Republic. All of the sampling sites are located within the most important water quality monitoring profiles at the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. The total concentrations of the compounds ranged from 463 to 6,447 ng POCIS(-1) (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler). Carbamazepine (196-2,690 ng POCIS(-1)) and tramadol (160-2,250 ng POCIS(-1)) were the most abundant compounds at every site. The most polluted sites were those that received communal wastewater effluent and had a low dilution factor (ratio of wastewater effluent and river flow). The aqueous concentrations of the target compounds were estimated using sampling rate values obtained during a field calibration experiment. Patterns in the aqueous concentrations of the compounds (after back calculation from POCIS extracts) and the POCIS concentrations are different, possibly leading to discrepancies between the toxicity assessments conducted using POCIS extracts and those conducted using grab samples of water from the same location.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - T Randak
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - O Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - V Kodes
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 143 06 Prague 4-Komorany, Czech Republic
| | - K Grabicova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - R Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
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21
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Giebułtowicz J, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Occurrence of antidepressant residues in the sewage-impacted Vistula and Utrata rivers and in tap water in Warsaw (Poland). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:103-9. [PMID: 24636953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants, even at low concentrations, can reveal some adverse effects on aquatic life due to disturbing homeostasis throughout the central and peripheral nervous system both in vertebrates and invertebrates. To date there have not been any reports regarding the presence of these pharmaceuticals in surface and tap waters in Eastern Europe. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the presence of 21 antidepressant pharmaceuticals at specific points of the main Polish river - the Vistula, a smaller river of the Warsaw region - the Utrata, as well as in tap water samples of Warsaw. Samples were collected twice at one month intervals and analysed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique coupled with the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) method operated under the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). This is the first study where active compounds such as moclobemid or trazodone in the environment have been investigated. Environmental risk assessment of antidepressants in Poland was estimated on the basis of annuals sale data extracted from the NFZ (Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia-National Health Service) base of reimbursed pharmaceuticals(1). Predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of target pharmaceuticals were compared with their measured concentration (MEC). Moreover, the application of the EMEA/CHMP guideline for environmental risk assessment of the antidepressants was discussed. The highest concentration of antidepressants was observed in the small river Utrata. In tap water only trace amounts of antidepressants including citalopram (up to 1.5ng/l), mianserin (up to 0.9ng/l), sertraline (<3.1ng/l), moclobemid (up to 0.3ng/l) and venlafaxine (up to 1.9ng/l) were detected. However this highlights their inadequate elimination in the drinking waste treatment facility. The presence of antidepressants in drinking water and the aquatic environment could have long-term effects even at low exposure level, especially since synergy amongst pharmaceutical pollutants may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw 02097, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw 02097, Poland.
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22
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Esteban S, Fernández Rodríguez J, Díaz López G, Nuñez M, Valcárcel Y, Catalá M. New microbioassays based on biomarkers are more sensitive to fluvial water micropollution than standard testing methods. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 93:52-59. [PMID: 23618774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations suggest that, despite lack of lethality in validated bioassays, micropollutants in surface waters could induce sublethal toxicity in sensitive taxa, jeopardizing their biological performance and eventually leading to populations' extinction. A broader array of testing species, the miniaturization of bioassays and the development of reliable biomarkers of damage are sought in order to improve ecological relevance and cost efficiency of environmental monitoring. Our aim is to assess the different sensitivity of validated bioassays and new approaches using biomarkers as sensitive endpoints of toxicity in spores of Polystichum setiferum and Danio rerio embryos. Six water samples were collected in Tagus basin in summer and winter. Samples tested induce no acute toxicity in validated methods (algae growth inhibition and daphnia mobility inhibition). Summer water samples induced acute membrane damage (lipid peroxidation) in Danio rerio embryos and hormetic increases in fern spore mitochondrial activity. One of the samples dramatically reduced mitochondrial activity indicating severe acute sublethal phytotoxicity. All the winter samples induced significant decreases in fern spore mitochondrial activity and membrane damage increases in Danio rerio embryo. Furthermore, three samples induced lethal phytotoxicity in fern spores. We conclude that the new microbioassays show a better sensitivity to fluvial water micropollution and confirm the necessity to test critical life stages such as development and provide cost-efficient methods for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esteban
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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