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Dinh MTN, Nguyen VT, Nguyen LTH. The potential application of carbazole-degrading bacteria for dioxin bioremediation. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:56. [PMID: 38647625 PMCID: PMC10992316 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted over the years on the bacterial degradation of dioxins and their related compounds including carbazole, because these chemicals are highly toxic and has been widely distributed in the environment. There is a pressing need to explore and develop more bacterial strains with unique catabolic features to effectively remediate dioxin-polluted sites. Carbazole has a chemical structure similar to dioxins, and the degradation pathways of these two chemicals are highly homologous. Some carbazole-degrading bacterial strains have been demonstrated to have the ability to degrade dioxins, such as Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10 và Sphingomonas sp. KA1. The introduction of strain KA1 into dioxin-contaminated model soil resulted in the degradation of 96% and 70% of 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2-CDD) and 2,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3-DCDD), respectively, after 7-day incubation period. These degradation rates were similar to those achieved with strain CA10, which removed 96% of 2-CDD and 80% of 2,3-DCDD from the same model soil. Therefore, carbazole-degrading bacteria hold significant promise as potential candidates for dioxin bioremediation. This paper overviews the connection between the bacterial degradation of dioxins and carbazole, highlighting the potential for dioxin biodegradation by carbazole-degrading bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Thi Ngoc Dinh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, A9 Building, Nguyen Van Trac Street, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Bioresource Research Center, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Van Thi Nguyen
- VNU Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, E2 Building, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Lv J, Ying Y, Ma Y, Wu A, Lin X, Cao A, Li X, Yan J. A new insight into the CaO-induced inhibition pathways on PCDD/F formation: Metal passivation, dechlorination and hydroxide substitution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 885:163782. [PMID: 37149162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ca-based inhibitors (especially CaO) for PCDD/F (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran) formation are considered as economic inhibitors with low toxicity and strong adsorption of acidic gases (e.g., HCl, Cl2, and SOx), whereas the insight understanding of its inhibition mechanisms is scarcely explored. Herein, CaO was used to inhibit the de novo reaction for PCDD/F formation (250-450 °C). The evolution of key elements (C, Cl, Cu, and Ca) combined with theoretical calculations was systematically investigated. The concentrations and distribution of PCDD/Fs demonstrated the significant inhibition effect of CaO on I-TEQ (international toxic equivalency) concentrations of PCDD/Fs (inhibition efficiencies: > 90 %) and hepta~octa chlorinated congeners (inhibition efficiencies: 51.5-99.8 %). And the conditions (5-10 % CaO, 350 °C) were supposed to be the preferred conditions applied in real MSWIs (municipal solid waste incinerators). CaO significantly suppressed the chlorination of carbon matrix (superficial organic Cl (CCl) reduced from 16.5 % to 6.5-11.3 %) and the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons or aromatic carbon (superficial CC decreased from 6.7 % to 1.3-2.1 %). Also, CaO promoted the dechlorination of Cu-based catalysts and Cl solidification (e.g., conversion of CuCl2 to CuO, and formation of CaCl2). The dechlorination phenomenon was validated by the dechlorination of highly chlorinated PCDD/F-congeners (via DD/DF chlorination pathways). Density functional theory calculations revealed that CaO facilitated the substitution of Cl by -OH on the benzene ring to inhibit the polycondensation of the chlorobenzene and chlorophenol (Gibbs free energy reduced from +74.83 to -36.62 and - 148.88 kJ/mol), which also indicates the dechlorination effect of CaO on de novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiabao Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuxuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Angjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 314031, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 314031, PR China.
| | - Ang Cao
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 314031, PR China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Ma Y, Lai J, Wu J, Zhang H, Yan J, Li X, Lin X. Efficient synergistic catalysis of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and NO x over novel low-temperature catalysts: Nano-TiO 2 modification and interaction mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137640. [PMID: 36584823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For efficient and synergistic elimination of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., dioxins and chlorobenzenes) and NOx at low temperatures, a novel VOx-CeOx-WOx/TiO2 catalyst was systemically studied, involving the nano-TiO2 modification and the interaction mechanism between 1,2-dichlorobenzen (1,2-DCB) catalytic oxidation (DCBCO) and NH3-SCR. The VOx-CeOx-WOx/TiO2 performed excellent oxygen storage/release capacity (OSRC) and desirable 1,2-DCB conversion efficiency (95.1-97.4%) at 160-200 ℃ via M‒K and L‒H mechanism. The nano-TiO2 modification slightly impaired the 1,2-DCB oxidation to 93.6-96.2% owing to the reduced surface area and Brønsted acidity, while it distinctly enhanced NO conversion and lowered the T50 (from 162 to 112 ℃) and T90 (from 232 to 205 ℃) by improving catalyst reducibility. Based on further synergistic catalysis evaluation and in-situ DRIFT analysis, NO enhanced the 1,2-DCB conversion and complete oxidation capacity of VOx-CeOx-WOx/TiO2 by promoting active oxygen (O2-, O-, O2-) generation and improving 1,2-DCB chemosorption and subsequent oxidation. In detail, the produced HCl and H2O improved the catalyst acidity and promoted the formation of HONO and HNO3. Moreover, their generation not only facilitated the chemisorption of NH3 but also participated in the NH3-SCR via L‒H mechanism. The ensuing problem was the competitive chemisorption among 1,2-DCB, NH3, and their subsequent intermediates. As a result, NH3 had distinct advantages in competing for acid sites and active oxygen species, especially at the higher temperature, resulting in the improved NO conversion with elevated reaction temperature but the reduced 1,2-DCB conversion. The results provided essential basics for developing new catalysts to synergistically control the emission of chloroaromatic organics and NOx at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianwen Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiayao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Elimination of PCDD/Fs over Commercial Honeycomb-Like Catalyst of V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 at Low Temperature: From Laboratory Experiments to Field Study. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the need for ultra-low emissions and the strict regulation of PCDD/Fs from MSWI plants, traditional SCR catalysts have been applied to remove PCDD/Fs. In this study, we compared one typical commercial V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalyst’s performance in removing PCDD/Fs under laboratory and industrial conditions. Various characterization methods like XRF, XPS, BET, and H2-TPR were applied to analyze the catalyst’s properties. The laboratory results showed that the adsorption could significantly affect the removal at low temperatures. The RE on PCDD/Fs was 59.4% (55.0% for toxicity RE), 88.5% (90.3%), and 78.0% (76.0%) at 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C, respectively, showing that 180 °C is the most suitable operation temperature for this V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalyst. The field study was conducted at 180 °C, and the results revealed that the competition between water vapor and the interaction of SO2 could lower the RE. However, comparisons between laboratory and field conditions showed that this V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalyst still showed good stability, with only a 6.8% drop.
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Nguyen TLA, Dang HTC, Dat TTH, Brandt BW, Röling WFM, Brouwer A, van Spanning RJM. Correlating biodegradation kinetics of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the dynamics of microbial communities originating from soil in Vietnam contaminated with herbicides and dioxins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:923432. [PMID: 36033897 PMCID: PMC9404497 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the succession of bacterial communities during the biodegradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). The communities originated from a mesocosm with soil from Bien Hoa airbase in Vietnam heavily contaminated with herbicides and dioxins. They were grown in defined media with different carbon and Gibbs energy sources and 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Cultures with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the sole carbon and energy source degraded about 95% of 2,3,7,8-TCDD within 60 days of cultivation. Those with an additional 1 mM of vanillin did that in roughly 90 days. Further 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that the increase in relative abundance of members belonging to the genera Bordetella, Sphingomonas, Proteiniphilum, and Rhizobium correlated to increased biodegradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in these cultures. A higher concentration of vanillin slowed down the biodegradation rate. Addition of alternative carbon and Gibbs energy sources, such as amino acids, sodium lactate and sodium acetate, even stopped the degradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD completely. Bacteria from the genera Bordetella, Achromobacter, Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas dominated most of the cultures, but the microbial profiles also significantly differed between cultures as judged by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses. Our study indicates that 2,3,7,8-TCDD degradation may be stimulated by bacterial communities preadapted to a certain degree of starvation with respect to the carbon and energy source. It also reveals the succession and abundance of defined bacterial genera in the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Lan Anh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Thi Lan Anh Nguyen,
| | - Ha Thi Cam Dang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F. M. Röling
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Qin Y, Gu J, Cai W, Wang Z. Catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene and PCDD/Fs over V 2O 5-WO 3/TiO 2: insights into the component effect and reaction mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42809-42821. [PMID: 35088283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, titania supported catalysts (V-W/Ti) with different vanadium-tungsten contents were prepared and evaluated in the catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene, which was used as the model compound of dioxins. The results showed that V2O5 is the main active component for chlorobenzene oxidation, and doping of WO3 affects the valence distributions of vanadium, contributing a bimetallic synergistic effect. The catalysts were investigated by XRD, SEM-EDS mapping, Raman, and XPS, and the changes in V element valence state and chlorine content on fresh and used catalysts were observed by XPS. Moreover, in situ FTIR studies and chlorine balance were also conducted, the addition of WO3 is helpful to the breakage of C-Cl, and a reaction mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene was proposed. 3 V-5 W/Ti catalyst with better catalytic activity was selected for catalytic oxidation of PCDD/Fs using a lab scale PCDD/Fs generating and decomposing system. The degradation efficiency was 66.5% at 200 °C and 62.2% at 300 °C, which indicated that the low reaction temperature of 200 °C was conducive to the catalytic degradation of PCDDs, while the high temperature of 300 °C was facilitated the degradation of PCDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research, Beijing, 100041, China.
| | - Jun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research, Beijing, 100041, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research, Beijing, 100041, China
| | - Zhaojia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research, Beijing, 100041, China
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Guo Y, Luo L, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhu T. Low-medium temperature application of selective catalytic reduction denitration in cement flue gas through a pilot plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130182. [PMID: 34088084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-medium temperature application of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration in cement flue gas was established and investigated in this study. The 2000 h continuous operation shows the concentration of NOx at the outlet can be maintained at 24 mg/Nm3 on average, while due to the increase of SO2 in flue gas, the NOx concentration increased to 57.5 mg/Nm3 after long time operation. The sulfur deposition is the main reason for catalyst deactivation, and SO2 is still a big obstacle for low-medium temperature SCR application in cement flue gas. The denitration efficiency was tested as fluctuated from 73.5% to 86.2%, and ammonia concentration after SCR was as still as high as 22.5-60.0 mg/Nm3 due to the excessive ammonia injection from selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), shows serious ammonia escape problem for SNCR, and the potential application of hybrid SNCR-SCR technology. In order to maintain the denitration efficiency above 85.0%, the gaseous hourly space velocity (GHSV) should not be exceeded 2800 h-1, the electrostatic precipitators (ESP) setting at 60 kV was relatively appropriate, the temperature of the flue gas should be kept at above 200 °C. The concentrations and toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) of the PCDD/Fs congeners in the flue gas raised greatly after SCR reactor, indicating the PCDD/Fs concentration should be concerned during the application of low-medium temperature SCR, especially for the waste co-disposal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Wei J, Li H, Liu J. Phase distribution of PCDD/Fs in flue gas from municipal solid waste incinerator with ultra-low emission control in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130166. [PMID: 33714149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) are the key pollutants of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). In this study, the characteristics of 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners in flue gas along six air pollution control devices (APCDs) were investigated in a 400 t/d moving grate furnace located in a typical megacity of Shenzhen, China. The phase distribution and removal efficiency of the different APCDs were analyzed, especially the effect of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device. The results showed that PCDD/F TEQs were 59.5%, 67.1%, and 72.5% partitioned into the gas phase (XAD-2 and condensed water) at the economizer outlet, fabric filter outlet, and stack, respectively. Furthermore, the three-year-old catalyst in the SCR tended to remove PCDDs, especially those in the solid phase (filter thimble). More importantly, the PCDF TEQs at the SCR inlet and outlet were 1.045 × 10-3 and 1.568 × 10-3 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively, which meant that the SCR might be ineffective for PCDF TEQ removal. A continuous chlorination of lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs increased the ratio of PCDFs and PCDDs from 0.73 at the SCR inlet to 1.76 at the SCR outlet. This work indicated the asynchronized inefficient removal of PCDD/Fs and nitrogen oxide for this three-year-old catalyst. The obtained results provide suggestions for the entire process of curbing PCDD/F emissions and obtaining ultra-low emission from MSWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Wei
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Lin X, Ma Y, Chen Z, Li X, Lu S, Yan J. Effect of different air pollution control devices on the gas/solid-phase distribution of PCDD/F in a full-scale municipal solid waste incinerator. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114888. [PMID: 32554086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/F) from full-scale municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) is harmful to human and environmental health. This study analyzes the effect of different units of an air pollution control devices (APCDs), i.e. the semi-dry scrubber, fabric filter (FF), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and wet scrubber (WS), on the removal characteristics and gas- and solid-phase distributions of PCDD/F in MSWI flue gas. APCDs reduce PCDD/F concentrations from 24.9 ng Nm-3 to 0.979 ng Nm-3 (2.16 ng I-TEQ Nm-3 to 0.0607 ng I-TEQ Nm-3), with a total removal efficiency (RE) of 96.1% (97.2% I-TEQ). Specifically, APCDs remove more than 95% of both gas- and solid-phase PCDD/F. The FF coupled with active carbon injection (FF + ACI) substantially reduces both gas- and solid-phase PCDD/F concentrations with an RE of 97.2% (98.7% I-TEQ). Additionally, FF + ACI exhibits a better RE of PCDF (98.9%) than PCDD (94.6%) and leads to PCDD congeners dominating the gas-phase. Both desorption and destruction of PCDD/F occur in the SCR, which favors removal of gas-phase PCDD/F but increases solid-phase PCDD/F. Therefore, SCR only decreases PCDD/F with a low RE of 27.6% (16.9% I-TEQ). However, SCR reduces NOx with a high RE of 82.3%, which could inhibit the RE of PCDD/F because of their different reaction mechanisms. WS increases PCDD/F in both the gas and solid-phase by 1.95 times (2.57 times for I-TEQ) due to the memory effect, which typically increases the total mass concentration of PCDD/F and the proportions of lower-chlorinated gas-phase PCDD/F. Migration of gas- and solid-phase PCDD/F are also analyzed according to temperature. The results of this study can contribute to the optimized design of industrial APCDs for controlling PCDD/F emissions from MSWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37215, USA
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Kirkok SK, Kibet JK, Kinyanjui TK, Okanga FI. A review of persistent organic pollutants: dioxins, furans, and their associated nitrogenated analogues. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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11
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Saibu S, Adebusoye SA, Oyetibo GO. Aerobic bacterial transformation and biodegradation of dioxins: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-0294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWaste generation tends to surge in quantum as the population and living conditions grow. A group of structurally related chemicals of dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins including their chlorinated congeners collectively known as dioxins are among the most lethal environmental pollutants formed during different anthropogenic activities. Removal of dioxins from the environment is challenging due to their persistence, recalcitrance to biodegradation, and prevalent nature. Dioxin elimination through the biological approach is considered both economically and environmentally as a better substitute to physicochemical conventional approaches. Bacterial aerobic degradation of these compounds is through two major catabolic routes: lateral and angular dioxygenation pathways. Information on the diversity of bacteria with aerobic dioxin degradation capability has accumulated over the years and efforts have been made to harness this fundamental knowledge to cleanup dioxin-polluted soils. This paper covers the previous decades and recent developments on bacterial diversity and aerobic bacterial transformation, degradation, and bioremediation of dioxins in contaminated systems.
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12
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Moreno AI, Font R, Gomez-Rico MF. Inhibition effect of polyurethane foam waste in dioxin formation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 97:19-26. [PMID: 31447023 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work has been focused on studying the polychlorinated polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/furan (PCDD/F) inhibition in the combustion process by prior addition of an inhibitor to the fuel. Three different experiments of combustion were carried out at 850 °C in a laboratory-scale horizontal tubular quartz reactor, and several compounds were analyzed from the flue gas obtained, such as PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), NH3, HCN, NOx, HCl, Cl2, chlorobenzenes (ClBzs), chlorophenols (ClPhs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile and other semivolatile organic compounds. The fuel used was a synthetic waste which was composed of sawdust and PVC (95 wt% and 5 wt%, respectively) and the inhibitors studied were polyurethane foam (PUF) that can be found in mattress waste and gases from the oxidative pyrolysis of PUF. Due to the high N content of PUF, a significant decrease of PCDD/F and dl-PCB formation has been obtained in the experimental runs carried out with the inhibitors studied, particularly with the gases from the oxidative pyrolysis of PUF. In addition, it must be noted that emissions of incomplete combustion products have also decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Moreno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael Font
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - M Francisca Gomez-Rico
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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13
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Gan L, Wang Y, Chen J, Yan T, Li J, Crittenden J, Peng Y. The synergistic mechanism of NOx and chlorobenzene degradation in municipal solid waste incinerators. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst that destroys both NOx and chlorobenzene (CB) has drawn considerable interest for controlling emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
| | - Tao Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
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14
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Highly-efficient catalytic combustion performance of 1,2-dichlorobenzene over mesoporous TiO2–SiO2 supported CeMn oxides: The effect of acid sites and redox sites. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Wang W, Guo R, Pan W, Hu G. Low temperature catalytic oxidation of NO over different-shaped CeO2. J RARE EARTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Liu X, Ye M, Wang X, Liu W, Zhu T. Gas-phase and particle-phase PCDD/F congener distributions in the flue gas from an iron ore sintering plant. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 54:239-245. [PMID: 28391935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The activated carbon injection-circulating fluidized bed (ACI-CFB)-bag filter coupling technique was studied in an iron ore sintering plant. For comparison, the removal efficiencies under the conditions without or with ACI technology were both evaluated. It was found that the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) removal efficiency for total international toxic equivalence quantity (I-TEQ) concentration was improved from 91.61% to 97.36% when ACI was employed, revealing that ACI was very conducive to further controlling the PCDD/F emissions. Detailed congener distributions of PCDD/Fs in the gas-phase and particle-phase of the Inlet and Outlet samples were determined. Additionally, the PCDD/F distribution for the Fly ash-with ACI sample of was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Meng Ye
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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17
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Wang Q, Hung PC, Lu S, Chang MB. Catalytic decomposition of gaseous PCDD/Fs over V2O5/TiO2-CNTs catalyst: Effect of NO and NH3 addition. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:132-137. [PMID: 27285382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong need for a control technology that simultaneously achieving the abatement of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in waste incineration industry. TiO2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as composite carriers to support vanadium oxide as an innovative catalyst to simultaneously control PCDD/Fs and NO emissions. The removal efficiencies (RE) of PCDD/Fs by V2O5/TiO2-CNTs catalyst under a space velocity (SV) of 20,000 h(-1) reaches 99.9% at 150 °C and adsorption is supposed to be the main mechanism at this temperature. The influence of NONH3 reaction on PCDD/Fs catalytic reaction is investigated. The kinetics analysis exhibits that the addition of NO and NH3 reduces the activation energies for OCDD (octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and OCDF (octachlorodibenzofuran) decomposition to 3.6 kJ/mol and 5.4 kJ/mol respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pao Chang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jungdad Road, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Moo Been Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jungdad Road, Chungli 320, Taiwan
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18
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Ji L, Lu S, Yang J, Du C, Chen Z, Buekens A, Yan J. Municipal solid waste incineration in China and the issue of acidification: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2016; 34:280-297. [PMID: 26941208 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x16633776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In China, incineration is essential for reducing the volume of municipal solid waste arising in its numerous megacities. The evolution of incinerator capacity has been huge, yet it creates strong opposition from a small, but vocal part of the population. The characteristics of Chinese municipal solid waste are analysed and data presented on its calorific value and composition. These are not so favourable for incineration, since the sustained use of auxiliary fuel is necessary for ensuring adequate combustion temperatures. Also, the emission standard for acid gases is more lenient in China than in the European Union, so special attention should be paid to the issue of acidification arising from flue gas. Next, the techniques used in flue gas cleaning in China are reviewed and the acidification potential by cleaned flue gas is estimated. Still, acidification induced by municipal solid waste incinerators remains marginal compared with the effects of coal-fired power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuicui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Alfons Buekens
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Mukherjee A, Debnath B, Ghosh SK. A Review on Technologies of Removal of Dioxins and Furans from Incinerator Flue Gas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Batistella L, Silva V, Suzin RC, Virmond E, Althoff CA, Moreira RFPM, José HJ. Gaseous emissions from sewage sludge combustion in a moving bed combustor. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 46:430-439. [PMID: 26337961 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Substantial increase in sewage sludge generation in recent years requires suitable destination for this residue. This study evaluated the gaseous emissions generated during combustion of an aerobic sewage sludge in a pilot scale moving bed reactor. To utilize the heat generated during combustion, the exhaust gas was applied to the raw sludge drying process. The gaseous emissions were analyzed both after the combustion and drying steps. The results of the sewage sludge characterization showed the energy potential of this residue (LHV equal to 14.5 MJ kg(-1), db) and low concentration of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF). The concentration of CO, NOx, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) emitted from the sludge combustion process were lower than the legal limits. The overall sludge combustion and drying process showed low emissions of PCDD/PCDF (0.42 ng I-TEQ N m(-3)). BTEX and PAH emissions were not detected. Even with the high nitrogen concentration in the raw feed (5.88% db), the sludge combustion process presented NOx emissions below the legal limit, which results from the combination of appropriate feed rate (A/F ratio), excess air, and mainly the low temperature kept inside the combustion chamber. It was found that the level of CO emissions from the overall sludge process depends on the dryer operating conditions, such as the oxygen content and the drying temperature, which have to be controlled throughout the process in order to achieve low CO levels. The aerobic sewage sludge combustion process generated high SO2 concentration due to the high sulfur content (0.67 wt%, db) and low calcium concentration (22.99 g kg(-1)) found in the sludge. The high concentration of SO2 in the flue gas (4776.77 mg N m(-3)) is the main factor inhibiting PCDD/PCDF formation. Further changes are needed in the pilot plant scheme to reduce SO2 and particulate matter emissions, such as the installation of exhaust gas-cleaning systems. According to previous studies, the efficient operation of such cleaning systems is also effective for metals emission control, which makes the combustion of sewage sludge a feasible treatment method from both energetic and environmental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Batistella
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Valdemar Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Renato C Suzin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Virmond
- Campus Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Governador Jorge Lacerda 3201, km 35, 4, Jardim das Avenidas, Araranguá, SC 88906-072, Brazil
| | - Chrtistine A Althoff
- Albrecht Industrial Equipments Ltd, BR-101, km 29, Pirabeiraba, Joinville, SC 89239-500, Brazil
| | - Regina F P M Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Humberto J José
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
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