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Poulsen ME, Petersen A, Petersen PB, Andersen JH, Hakme E, Jensen BH. Results from the Danish monitoring programme on pesticide residues from the period 2012-2017 - frequencies and trends in detected pesticides. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:923-940. [PMID: 38838189 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2360153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In order to assess compliance with maximum residue levels in foods and evaluate the exposure of the Danish population to pesticides, a comprehensive monitoring programme was conducted. The work from 2012-2017 involved testing pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables, cereals, animal product and processed commodities. The sampling strategy, mainly based on exposure calculations and previous findings, involved the collection of 13,492 samples primarily from fresh conventional and organic produces on the Danish market. The origin of the samples varied, with 34% being of Danish origin and 67% originating from EU and non-EU countries. The results revealed that residues in conventionally grown produce were detected in 54% of the fruit and vegetable samples, and 30% of the cereal samples. Additionally, residues above the maximum residue limits were found in 1.8% of these samples, most frequently in fruits. As previous years, more residues were found in samples of foreign origin compared to samples of Danish origin. Compared to earlier findings more than 40 pesticides were detected for the first time and including boscalid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, etofenprox, and spinosad, all detected more than 100 times. The data shows that detection of PFAS pesticides has increased dramatically, from 24 in 2006 to 412 in 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Erecius Poulsen
- National Food Institute, DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Henrik Dams Alle, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annette Petersen
- National Food Institute, DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Henrik Dams Alle, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Bjørn Petersen
- National Food Institute, DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Henrik Dams Alle, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Hinge Andersen
- National Food Institute, DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Henrik Dams Alle, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elena Hakme
- National Food Institute, DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Henrik Dams Alle, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bodil Hamborg Jensen
- National Food Institute, DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Henrik Dams Alle, Lyngby, Denmark
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Asefa EM, Damtew YT, Ober J. Pesticide water pollution, human health risks, and regulatory evaluation: A nationwide analysis in Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135326. [PMID: 39116746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing concerns about pesticide pollution, a comprehensive global understanding continues to be hampered by a lack of data from less developed countries. Ethiopia, being a typical agricultural country, is one of the top consumers of pesticides in sub-Saharan Africa. This study conducted a nationwide analysis to assess pesticide water pollution and human health risks in Ethiopia based on the available data. Additionally, the study evaluated the effectiveness of the Pesticide Risks in the Tropics for Man, Environment, and Trade (PRIMET) model, which is currently used for pesticide regulatory risk assessment in Ethiopia. The scoring approach was employed to map the site-specific pollution status based on clearly defined individual pesticide concentrations, excluding mixtures (n = 99). The pollution scores varied significantly among sites, with higher scores observed in the Rift Valley region. Acute and chronic health risks were identified for some commonly detected pesticides at their maximum concentrations. Epidemiological studies conducted in Ethiopia also demonstrated that pesticide exposure is associated with acute poisoning, respiratory health problems, neurobehavioral symptoms, and breast cancer. Furthermore, the study found that the existing regulatory framework likely underestimates pesticide risks in 35 % of the cases, raising concerns about the reliability of the PRIMET model in its current version. Overall, the results emphasize the need for increased attention to pesticide regulation and management in Ethiopia and other countries with similar scenarios, including regular monitoring, implementation of residue limits, post-application evaluations, and recalibration of the PRIMET model. This study provides valuable scientific information and insights into pesticide pollution and can serve as a baseline for ensuring agricultural and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsai Mati Asefa
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Yohannes Tefera Damtew
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, 235, Harar, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Józef Ober
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 26-28, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Asefa EM, Mergia MT, Ayele S, Damtew YT, Teklu BM, Weldemariam ED. Pesticides in Ethiopian surface waters: A meta-analytic based ecological risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168727. [PMID: 38007129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
In most developing countries, including Ethiopia, a conspicuous gap exists in understanding risk of pesticides and establishing robust regulatory frameworks for their effective management. In this context, we present a detailed assessment of pesticide risks within Ethiopian aquatic ecosystems in at least 18 distinct surface water bodies, including 46 unique sample locations. Measured environmental concentrations (MECs; n = 388) of current-use pesticides (n = 52), sourced from existing field studies, were compared against their respective regulatory threshold levels (RTLs). The results indicated a scarcity of pesticide exposure data across the majority of Ethiopian water bodies situated within agricultural watersheds. Importantly, surface water pesticide concentrations ranged from 0.0001 to 142.66 μg/L, with a median concentration of 0.415 μg/L. The available dataset revealed that 142 out of 356 MECs (approximately 40 %) of the identified pesticides entail significant acute risks to aquatic ecosystems, with the highest RTL exceedances up to a factor of 8695. Among the pesticide use groups, insecticides exhibited the highest exceedance rate, while this was rarer for fungicides and herbicides. Furthermore, a species-specific insecticide risk assessment indicated aquatic invertebrates (54.4 %) and fishes (38.4 %) are more exposed to pesticide risks, attributable to pyrethroids and organophosphates. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the presently registered pesticides in Ethiopia carry elevated risks towards aquatic environments under real-world settings. This challenges the notion that pesticides approved through Ethiopian pesticide regulatory risk assessment entail minimal environmental hazards. Consequently, we advocate for the adoption of more refined risk assessment strategies, a post-registration reevaluation process, and, if deemed necessary, the imposition of bans or restrictions on highly toxic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsai Mati Asefa
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, 235 Harar, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, College of Computational and Natural Science, Hawassa University, 05 Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Mekuria Theshome Mergia
- Department of Biology, College of Computational and Natural Science, Hawassa University, 05 Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Shiferaw Ayele
- Department of Biology, College of Computational and Natural Science, Hawassa University, 05 Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Tefera Damtew
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, 235 Harar, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Berhan Mellese Teklu
- Plant Quarantine and Regulatory Lead Executive, Ethiopian Agricultural Authority, 313003 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Deribe Weldemariam
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Urban Development Studies, Kotebe University of Education, 31248 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wu SW, Cheng CQ, Huang YT, Tan JZ, Li SL, Yang JX, Huang XL, Huang D, Zou LG, Yang WD, Li HY, Li DW. A study on the mechanism of the impact of phenthoate exposure on Prorocentrum lima. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132624. [PMID: 37801972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive application of organophosphorus pesticides such as phenthoate results in its abundance in ecosystems, particularly in waterbodies, thereby providing the impetus to assess its role in aquatic organisms. However, the impact of phenthoate on marine algal physiological and proteomic response is yet to be explored despite its biological significance. In this study, we thus ought to investigate the impact of phenthoate in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima, which is known for synthesizing okadaic acid (OA), the toxin responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Our results showed that P. lima effectively absorbed phenthoate in seawater, with a reduction efficiency of 90.31% after 48 h. Surprisingly, the provision of phenthoate (100 and 1000 µg/L) substantially reduced the OA content of P. lima by 35.08% and 60.28% after 48 h, respectively. Meanwhile, phenthoate treatment significantly reduced the oxidative stress in P. lima. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression level of seven crucial proteins involved in endocytosis was upregulated, suggesting that P. lima could absorb phenthoate via the endocytic signaling pathway. Importantly, phenthoate treatment resulted in the downregulation of proteins such as polyketide synthase (PKS)- 2, Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)- 1, and CYP450-2, involved in OA synthesis, thereby decreasing the OA biosynthesis by P. lima. Our results demonstrated the potential role of P. lima in the removal of phenthoate in water and exemplified the crucial proteins and their possible molecular mechanisms underpinning the phenthoate remediation by P. lima and also the regulatory role of phenthoate in restricting the OA metabolism. Collectively, these findings uncovered the synergistic mechanisms of phenthoate and P. lima in remediating phenthoate and reducing the toxic impact of P. lima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cai-Qin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Tong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Tan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Song-Liang Li
- The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue-Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li-Gong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Bekele H, Yohannes W, Megersa N. A Highly Selective Analytical Method Based on Salt-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Trace-Level Enrichment of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cow Milk for Quantitative Liquid Chromatographic Analysis. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:1754956. [PMID: 37810912 PMCID: PMC10558272 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1754956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a simple, inexpensive, selective, and fast salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) technique coupled with high-pressure liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the extraction, preconcentration, and analysis of trace level seven multiclass pesticide residues in pasteurized and raw cow milk samples. The significant factors that affect the extent to which the target analytes are extracted, such as the type of extraction solvent and its volume, the type and concentration of salting-out salts, the pH of the solution, and the extraction time, have been investigated. Under optimum conditions, the correlation coefficient (r2) was obtained within a range of 0.9982-0.9997 for a broad linear range concentration of 2-1500 ng·mL-1. Reliable sensitivity was achieved with limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.58-2.56 ng·mL-1 and 1.95-8.51 ng·mL-1, respectively. While precision with interday and intraday in terms of relative standard deviations (RSDs) was observed in the range of 1.97 - 7.88% and 4.52 - 8.04%, respectively. The results of the precision studies reveal that good repeatability and reproducibility (RSDs <9) were achieved, thus showing a low variability extraction of the developed method. Finally, the proposed and validated approach was effectively used to extract and determine pesticide residues in real milk matrices; however, the target analytes were not detected in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Bekele
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Weldegebriel Yohannes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Megersa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Teklu BM, Yakan SD, Van den Brink PJ. The use of a simple model for the regulatory environmental risk assessment of pesticides in Ethiopia. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137794. [PMID: 36638923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide registration in developing countries like Ethiopia is often not supported by substantiated risk assessment procedures. In this study, we evaluated the PRIMET (Pesticide Risks in the Tropics for Man, Environment and Trade) Registration_Ethiopia_1.1 model which is a tool developed to assess the risks to non-target protection goals. All the 103 registered active ingredients (a.i.) in Ethiopia, except those used for flower and storage pest control purposes, were evaluated on their environmental risks. Data on physico-chemical characteristics, toxicity and pesticide use patterns were mined from either the information given in the dossier or public databases. Together with scenarios specifically developed for Ethiopia, these data were used to perform a risk assessment for the aquatic and terrestrial environment as well as for vertebrates including humans via contaminated drinking water exposure. Results indicated that 11 and 16% of the a.i.s are indicated to pose high acute risk and 7.3 and 11% high chronic risks for fish and aquatic invertebrates, respectively. Similarly, 5.5 and 8.7% high acute risks and 6.8 and 3.9% high chronic risks were observed for the soil ecosystem and birds, respectively. 23% of the evaluated active ingredients were indicated to be highly risky to bees when beehives are present inside the sprayed crop while 7.8% of them are highly risky when beehives are present outside the field of the sprayed crop. The fungicide metalaxyl, the herbicides acetochlor, alachlor, mecoprop and tembotrion, and the insecticides carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon and methidathion were predicted to pose high acute or chronic risks to humans or other vertebrates if surface water is used as a source of drinking water. Future studies should give emphasis on how the risk assessment results of this study can be implemented to aid the registration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhan M Teklu
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, P.O Box 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Deniz Yakan
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, P.O Box 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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7
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Wang X, Zhang J, Lu C, Liu Y, Yang X, Hou K, Du Z, Li B, Juhasz A, Zhu L. Development toxicity and cytotoxicity of pyroxsulam on embryos and adults of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:121040. [PMID: 36632968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyroxsulam is a typical triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide herbicide, which plays a vital role in weed control for wheat production. Previous studies on pyroxsulam have mainly focused on weed resistance, control effects, and soil microorganisms, however, research on aquatic ecotoxicity is lacking. This study evaluated the toxicity of pyroxsulam in zebrafish embryos (120 h) and adults (14 and 28 d). Chronic exposure to pyroxsulam (0.2, 2, and 10 μg L-1) reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in embryos but increased ROS content in adults. Pyroxsulam caused lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in embryos and adults. The expression of p53, bcl-2/bax, and caspase 3/8/9 indicated that pyroxsulam inhibited apoptosis in embryos but induced apoptosis in adults. By calculating integrated biomarker response, apoptosis was more readily affected than oxidative damage in embryos and adults. The toxicity of pyroxsulam increased with increasing concentration, however, with increasing exposure time, the toxicity of pyroxsulam to adults decreased. Pyroxsulam exerted toxic effects on zebrafish at different life stages (embryos and adults), and different stages had different toxicity. These results indicate that in future studies on the toxicity of pyroxsulam to zebrafish, different life stages (embryos and adults) need to be studied. The present study evaluated the toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of pyroxsulam to zebrafish embryos and adults, providing worthy data for assessing its effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Chengbo Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Kaixuan Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
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8
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Oltramare C, Weiss FT, Staudacher P, Kibirango O, Atuhaire A, Stamm C. Pesticides monitoring in surface water of a subsistence agricultural catchment in Uganda using passive samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10312-10328. [PMID: 36074287 PMCID: PMC9898397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are intensely used in the agricultural sector worldwide including smallholder farming. Poor pesticide use practices in this agronomic setting are well documented and may impair the quality of water resources. However, empirical data on pesticide occurrence in water bodies of tropical smallholder agriculture is scarce. Many available data are focusing on apolar organochlorine compounds which are globally banned. We address this gap by studying the occurrence of a broad range of more modern pesticides in an agricultural watershed in Uganda. During 2.5 months of the rainy season in 2017, three passive sampler systems were deployed at five locations in River Mayanja to collect 14 days of composite samples. Grab samples were taken from drinking water resources. In these samples, 27 compounds out of 265 organic pesticides including 60 transformation products were detected. In the drinking water resources, we detected eight pesticides and two insecticide transformation products in low concentrations between 1 and 50 ng/L. Also, in the small streams and open fetch ponds, detected concentrations were generally low with a few exceptions for the herbicide 2,4-D and the fungicide carbendazim exceeding 1 ug/L. The widespread occurrence of chlorpyrifos posed the largest risk for macroinvertebrates. The extensive detection of this compound and its transformation product 3,4,5-trichloro-2-pyridinol was unexpected and called for a better understanding of the use and fate of this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Oltramare
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederik T Weiss
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Staudacher
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Kibirango
- Directorate of Government Analytical Laboratory (DGAL), Ministry of Internal Affairs, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christian Stamm
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Nkontcheu Kenko DB, Ngameni NT, Kamta PN. Environmental assessment of the influence of pesticides on non-target arthropods using PRIMET, a pesticide hazard model, in the Tiko municipality, Southwest Cameroon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136578. [PMID: 36162518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide use in farming is unescapable to enhance the harvest and prevent deleterious organisms. Unfortunately, certain pesticide users most often unveil poor practices, remarkably in developing countries. This study aimed at estimating pesticide risk to non-target arthropods (NTAs) using PRIMET (Pesticide Risks in the Tropics to Man, Environment and Trade), a pesticide risk model, in the Tiko municipality, Southwest Cameroon. To achieve this, data was assembled on the pesticide treatment plan (active ingredient, crops, dosage, number of applications, application interval) and ecotoxicological properties (LR50), and typeset one at the time in PRIMET 2.0 for risk appraisal. The model estimated the Acceptable Effect Concentration (AECNTA), the In-Field and Off-Field Exposure (PEC) and Exposure Toxicity Ratio (ETR = PEC/AECNTA). If ETR < 1, there is "No Risk", if 1 ≤ ETR≤ 100, there is a "Possible Risk", and if ETR > 100, there is a "Definite Risk". Amongst the thirty-nine (39) pesticides evaluated, the most dangerous compound was imidacloprid (ETRIF = 255 000 000), followed by cypermethrin (ETRIF = 299 800) and oxamyl (ETRIF = 57 917). Epoxiconazole was the only fungicide, out of fourteen predicted to pose a definite in-field risk to NTAs with ETRIF = 1491. Half of the fungicides (50%) posed a possible in-field risk. One third of herbicides evaluated posed a possible in-field risk to NTAs. In this classification, paraquat (ETRIF = 51) exhibited the highest risk. All the herbicides were predicted for no off-field risk to NTAs. NTAs seemed to be more tolerant to most fungicides and herbicides than insecticides. The strengthening of the directive on pesticide purchasing and operation is inevitability in order to protect anthropoid and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parfait Nkontcheu Kamta
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
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10
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Olisah C, Rubidge G, Human LRD, Adams JB. Organophosphate pesticides in South African eutrophic estuaries: Spatial distribution, seasonal variation, and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119446. [PMID: 35550133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variation, spatial distribution, and ecological risks of thirteen organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) were studied in the Sundays and Swartkops estuaries in South Africa. Ten pesticides were detected in surface water samples from both estuaries, while all OPPs were detected in sediments. The highest concentration of OPPs (18.8 μg pyrazophos L-1) was detected in surface water samples from Swartkops Estuary, while 48.7 μg phosalone kg-1 dw was the highest in sediments collected from Sundays Estuary. There was no clear seasonal pattern in OPPs occurrence in surface water from both systems. However, their occurrence in sediments was in the following order: winter > autumn > summer > spring, perhaps indicating major pesticide input in the winter seasons. Results from ecological risk assessment showed that pyraclofos and chlorpyrifos (CHL) in surface water from both systems are respectively likely to cause high acute and chronic toxicity to fish (risk quotient - RQ > 1). For sediments of both estuaries, the highest acute and chronic RQs for fish were calculated for isazophos and CHL respectively. The majority of the detected OPPs in sediments posed potential high risks to Daphnia magna from both systems. These results suggest that these aquatic organisms (fish, and Daphnia), if present in the studied estuaries, can develop certain forms of abnormalities due to OPP exposure. To this end, proper measures should be taken to reduce OPP input into the estuarine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; Department of Botany, Institute of Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa.
| | - Gletwyn Rubidge
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - Lucienne R D Human
- Department of Botany, Institute of Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Elwandle Coastal Node, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - Janine B Adams
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; Department of Botany, Institute of Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
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11
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Röösli M, Fuhrimann S, Atuhaire A, Rother HA, Dabrowski J, Eskenazi B, Jørs E, Jepson PC, London L, Naidoo S, Rohlman DS, Saunyama I, van Wendel de Joode B, Adeleye AO, Alagbo OO, Aliaj D, Azanaw J, Beerappa R, Brugger C, Chaiklieng S, Chetty-Mhlanga S, Chitra GA, Dhananjayan V, Ejomah A, Enyoh CE, Galani YJH, Hogarh JN, Ihedioha JN, Ingabire JP, Isgren E, Loko YLE, Maree L, Metou’ou Ernest N, Moda HM, Mubiru E, Mwema MF, Ndagire I, Olutona GO, Otieno P, Paguirigan JM, Quansah R, Ssemugabo C, Solomon S, Sosan MB, Sulaiman MB, Teklu BM, Tongo I, Uyi O, Cueva-Vásquez H, Veludo A, Viglietti P, Dalvie MA. Interventions to Reduce Pesticide Exposure from the Agricultural Sector in Africa: A Workshop Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158973. [PMID: 35897345 PMCID: PMC9330002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that several cases of unsafe pesticide use among farmers in different parts of Africa have been documented, there is limited evidence regarding which specific interventions are effective in reducing pesticide exposure and associated risks to human health and ecology. The overall goal of the African Pesticide Intervention Project (APsent) study is to better understand ongoing research and public health activities related to interventions in Africa through the implementation of suitable target-specific situations or use contexts. A systematic review of the scientific literature on pesticide intervention studies with a focus on Africa was conducted. This was followed by a qualitative survey among stakeholders involved in pesticide research or management in the African region to learn about barriers to and promoters of successful interventions. The project was concluded with an international workshop in November 2021, where a broad range of topics relevant to occupational and environmental health risks were discussed such as acute poisoning, street pesticides, switching to alternatives, or disposal of empty pesticide containers. Key areas of improvement identified were training on pesticide usage techniques, research on the effectiveness of interventions targeted at exposure reduction and/or behavioral changes, awareness raising, implementation of adequate policies, and enforcement of regulations and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.C.-M.); (A.V.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.C.-M.); (A.V.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), YMCA Building, Plot 37/41, Buganda Road, Kampala P.O. BOX 12590, Uganda;
| | - Hanna-Andrea Rother
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa; (H.-A.R.); (L.L.)
| | - James Dabrowski
- Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 6531, George 6530, South Africa;
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Erik Jørs
- Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Paul C. Jepson
- Oregon IPM Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Leslie London
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa; (H.-A.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Saloshni Naidoo
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Diane S. Rohlman
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Ivy Saunyama
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Subregional Office for Southern Africa, Block 1 Tendeseka Office Park, Eastlea, Harare, Zimbabwe 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Berna van Wendel de Joode
- Infants’ Environmental Health Program (ISA), Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica;
| | - Adeoluwa O. Adeleye
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.O.A.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Oyebanji O. Alagbo
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.O.A.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Dem Aliaj
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland;
| | - Jember Azanaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;
| | - Ravichandran Beerappa
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), Bangalore 562110, India; (R.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Curdin Brugger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.C.-M.); (A.V.)
| | - Sunisa Chaiklieng
- Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Shala Chetty-Mhlanga
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.C.-M.); (A.V.)
| | - Grace A. Chitra
- Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum 695024, Kerala, India;
| | - Venugopal Dhananjayan
- ICMR-Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), Bangalore 562110, India; (R.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Afure Ejomah
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City 300212, Nigeria; (A.E.); (O.U.)
| | - Christian Ebere Enyoh
- Green and Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 3388570, Japan;
| | - Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani
- Section of Natural and Applied Sciences, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK;
| | - Jonathan N. Hogarh
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;
| | - Janefrances N. Ihedioha
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (J.N.I.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Jeanne Priscille Ingabire
- Horticulture Program, Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Kigali 5016, Rwanda;
| | - Ellinor Isgren
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS), P.O. Box 170, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Biosciences et Biotechnologies Appliquées (ENSBBA), Université Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM), BP 2282 Abomey, Benin;
| | - Liana Maree
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7493, South Africa;
| | - Nkoum Metou’ou Ernest
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Cameroon, Direction of Regulation and Quality Control of Agricultural Inputs and Product, Messa, Yaoundé P.O. Box 2082, Cameroon;
| | - Haruna Musa Moda
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BG, UK;
| | - Edward Mubiru
- Chemistry Department, School of Physical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;
| | - Mwema Felix Mwema
- School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania;
| | - Immaculate Ndagire
- Southern and Eastern Africa Trade Information and Negotiation Institute (SEATINI) Uganda, Kampala P.O. Box 3138, Uganda;
| | - Godwin O. Olutona
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo 232101, Nigeria;
| | - Peter Otieno
- Pest Control Products Board, Loresho, Nairobi P.O. Box 13794-00800, Kenya;
| | - Jordan M. Paguirigan
- Common Services Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Philippines, Alabang, Muntinlupa 1781, Philippines;
| | - Reginald Quansah
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG13, Ghana;
| | - Charles Ssemugabo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda;
| | - Seruwo Solomon
- CropLife Uganda, Chicken House, Plot1, Old Kampala Road, Second Floor Room 17, Kampala P.O. Box 36592, Uganda;
| | - Mosudi B. Sosan
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria; (A.O.A.); (O.O.A.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Mohammad Bashir Sulaiman
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (J.N.I.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Berhan M. Teklu
- Ethiopian Agriculture Authority, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 313003, Ethiopia;
- Faculty of Naval and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak P.O. Box 34469, Turkey
| | - Isioma Tongo
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City 300212, Nigeria;
| | - Osariyekemwen Uyi
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City 300212, Nigeria; (A.E.); (O.U.)
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Henry Cueva-Vásquez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Humana Lima, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru;
| | - Adriana Veludo
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (C.B.); (S.C.-M.); (A.V.)
| | - Paola Viglietti
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health (CEOHR), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health (CEOHR), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.)
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Goessens T, De Baere S, Deknock A, De Troyer N, Van Leeuwenberg R, Martel A, Pasmans F, Goethals P, Lens L, Spanoghe P, Vanhaecke L, Croubels S. Agricultural contaminants in amphibian breeding ponds: Occurrence, risk and correlation with agricultural land use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150661. [PMID: 34597541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressure such as agricultural pollution globally affects amphibian populations. In this study, a total of 178 different compounds from five agrochemical groups (i.e. antimicrobial drugs residues (ADRs), coccidiostats and anthelmintics, heavy metals, mycotoxins and pesticides) were determined monthly, from March until June 2019 in 26 amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders, Belgium. Furthermore, a possible correlation between the number and concentration of selected contaminants that were found and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius was studied. Within each group, the highest detected concentrations were obtained for 4-epioxytetracycline (0.422 μg L-1), levamisole (0.550 μg L-1), zinc (333.1 μg L-1), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (0.013 μg L-1), and terbuthylazine (38.7 μg L-1), respectively, with detection frequencies ranging from 1 (i.e. 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) to 26 (i.e. zinc) out of 26 ponds. Based on reported acute and chronic ecotoxicological endpoints, detected concentrations of bifenthrin, cadmium, copper, cypermethrin, hexachlorobenzene, mercury, terbuthylazine, and zinc pose a substantial ecological risk to aquatic invertebrates such as Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia, which both play a role in the food web and potentially in amphibian disease dynamics. Additionally, the detected concentrations of copper were high enough to exert chronic toxicity in the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor). The number of detected compounds per pond ranged between 0 and 5 (ADRs), 0 - 2 (coccidiostats and anthelmintics), 1 - 7 (heavy metals), 0 - 4 (mycotoxins), and 0 - 12 (pesticides) across the four months. Furthermore, no significant correlation was demonstrated between the number of detected compounds per pond, as well as the detected concentrations of 4-epioxytetracycline, levamisole, copper, zinc, enniatin B and terbuthylazine, and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius. For heavy metals and pesticides, the number of compounds per pond varied significantly between months. Conclusively, amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders were frequently contaminated with agrochemicals, yielding concentrations up to the high μg per liter level, regardless of the percentage surrounding arable land, however showing temporal variation for heavy metals and pesticides. This research also identifies potential hazardous substances which may be added to the European watch list (CD 2018/408/EC) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goessens
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - S De Baere
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Deknock
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N De Troyer
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Van Leeuwenberg
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Martel
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Pasmans
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Goethals
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Lens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Spanoghe
- Ghent University, Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium; Queen's University, School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, Ireland
| | - S Croubels
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Negatu B, Dugassa S, Mekonnen Y. Environmental and Health Risks of Pesticide Use in Ethiopia. J Health Pollut 2021; 11:210601. [PMID: 34267988 PMCID: PMC8276724 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.30.210601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are frequent reports of unsafe pesticide use in many parts of Africa. Ethiopia is the second most populous nation in Africa with around 80% of the population still depending on agriculture which intensively uses pesticides. A number of studies have examined pesticide-related health and environmental risks in Ethiopia. However, most of these studies have been small in scale and it is therefore challenging to get a general overview of the extent of health risks and level of environmental contamination in the country. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to synthesize and summarize contemporary knowledge on pesticide-related risks and relevant gaps in Ethiopia. METHODS An electronic database search and gathering of grey literature were done to collect information on the risks of pesticide use in Ethiopia. The electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) without any publication date or language specifications. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used as guide in the creation of this review. DISCUSSION A synthesis of the reviewed studies showed evidence of health risks due to occupational pesticide exposure, surface water pollution with pesticides that could cause chronic health risks to the public, evidence of pesticide contamination of the environment (e.g., soil organisms, fish, bee colonies and wildlife) and local as well as international consumer risks due to pesticide residues in food items. In addition, there have been frequent reports of health and environmental hazards in association with cut-flower farms. There is also evidence of direct use of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) on food crops and detection of DDT residues in surface water, soil and human breast milk. Those reported risks might be due to lack of knowledge among farm workers, negligence of farm owners, absence of post-registration monitoring systems and poor implementation of both national and international regulations in Ethiopia due to poor institutional capacity. CONCLUSIONS The health and environmental risks of inappropriate use of pesticides requires action by all concerned bodies. Improved institutional arrangements for enforcement of regulations, awareness and further intervention studies could lessen the high risks of pesticide misuse. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyene Negatu
- Pesticide Registration and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Dugassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemtshay Mekonnen
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
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Paris EC, Malafatti JOD, Sciena CR, Junior LFN, Zenatti A, Escote MT, Moreira AJ, Freschi GPG. Nb 2O 5 nanoparticles decorated with magnetic ferrites for wastewater photocatalytic remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23731-23741. [PMID: 33097995 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been studied on environmental remediation processes to foster greater photocatalysts efficiency and reuse in wastewater. This study investigated the photocatalytic efficiency and viability of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) nanoparticles decorated with magnetic ferrite (cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) or magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4)) for atrazine photodegradation. Thus, the decorated Nb2O5 was synthesized by the polymeric precursor method, forming nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 25 to 50 nm. Nanocomposite elementary analyses showed a homogeneous distribution of elements on all particles surface. Efficient magnetic saturation was observed for pure CoFe2O4 (53 emu g-1) and MgFe2O4 (19 emu g-1) nanoparticles, promoting the magnetic removal of Nb2O5:CoFe2O4 and Nb2O5:MgFe2O4 nanocomposites. Photocatalytic assays showed 88% efficiency for atrazine photodegradation with all nanomaterials, which represented a 21% increase compared to photolysis in the 1st cycle. The magnetic nanocomposites when applied to a 5th cycle maintained the atrazine photodegradation activity. In this way, magnetic Nb2O5-based nanocomposites decorated with ferrite nanoparticles showed an efficient photocatalytic response, in addition to posterior magnetic removal from the aqueous medium. Therefore, the evaluated magnetic Nb2O5 nanocomposites may be an alternative to enhance the wastewater removal process and foster the reuse in advanced oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Paris
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CP 741, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - João Otávio Donizette Malafatti
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CP 741, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Sciena
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CP 741, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ferreira Neves Junior
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CP 741, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Zenatti
- Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Márcia Tsuyama Escote
- Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Ailton José Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Gian Paulo Giovanni Freschi
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Federal University of Alfenas, Rod. José Aurélio Vilela, km 533, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37715-400, Brazil
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Merga LB, Mengistie AA, Alemu MT, Van den Brink PJ. Biological and chemical monitoring of the ecological risks of pesticides in Lake Ziway, Ethiopia. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129214. [PMID: 33310518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lake Ziway, a freshwater lake located in Ethiopia, is under the pressure of pesticide and nutrient pollution due to agricultural activity and urbanization. This study has analysed concentrations of insecticides, fungicides and nutrients in water and sediment samples of Lake Ziway taken in the wet and dry season at 13 sites expected to be under different environmental stress and assessed their expected ecological impacts. Malathion, dimethoate, metalaxyl, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and endosulfan were detected in more than half of the water samples, while diazinon, α-cypermethrin and endosulfan were frequently detected (>25%) in sediment samples. Higher levels of physicochemical parameters were observed at sample locations proximate to agricultural and urban activities. Risk quotients (RQ) and multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction (msPAFRA) were calculated to assess the ecological risk of individual and mixture of pesticides, respectively. The majority of the pesticides detected in the water of the lake showed a potential acute risk (RQ > 1), specifically the insecticides chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin and α-cypermethrin for which high potential acute risks were calculated using a 2nd tier risk assessment. Levels of pesticides in sediment showed low ecological risks. Arthropods and fishes are expected to be highly affected by mixtures of pesticides (msPAFRA = < 1-80%) detected at locations that are proximate to smallholders' farms, and receive largescale farms' wastewater and at sites where inflow rivers join the lake. Macroinvertebrates based redundancy analysis showed the effectiveness of EPT richness to assess ecological status of the lake. Training for smallholder farmers on pesticides safety and usage, and implementation of improved effluent management mechanisms by floriculture farms are urgently needed intervention measures to reduce the pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemessa B Merga
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P.O. Box 240, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | | | - Miresa T Alemu
- Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P.O. Box 240, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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K'oreje KO, Okoth M, Van Langenhove H, Demeestere K. Occurrence and treatment of contaminants of emerging concern in the African aquatic environment: Literature review and a look ahead. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109752. [PMID: 31733478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Awareness about the rising detection and reported (eco)toxicological effects of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, e.g. pharmaceuticals and personal care products - PPCPs - and modern pesticides) in the aquatic environment is growing. CECs are increasingly reported in the African aquatic environment, although the amount of data available is still limited. In this work, a comprehensive review is presented on the occurrence of CECs in wastewater, sludge, surface water, sediment, groundwater and drinking water of Africa. Further attention is given to the performance of wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) and trickling filters (TF) with respect to CECs removal. For the first time, we also look at the state of knowledge on the performance of point-of-use technologies (POUs) regarding the removal of CECs in drinking water. Generally, CECs in Africa occur at the same order of magnitude as in the Western world. However, for particular groups of compounds and at specific locations such as informal settlements, clearly higher concentrations are reported in Africa. Whereas antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs are rarely detected in the Western world, occurrence patterns in Africa reveal concentrations up to >100 μg L-1. Removal efficiencies of WSPs and TFs focus mainly on PPCPs and vary significantly, ranging from no removal (e.g. carbamazepine) to better than 99.9% (e.g. paracetamol). Despite the rising adoption of POUs, limited but promising information is available on their performance regarding CECs treatment in drinking water, particularly for the low-cost devices (e.g. ceramic filters and solar disinfection - SODIS) being adopted in Africa and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Otieno K'oreje
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Water Resources Authority (WRA), P.O. Box 45250, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Maurice Okoth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Kenya Methodist University, P.O. Box 267-60200, Meru, Kenya.
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Curchod L, Oltramare C, Junghans M, Stamm C, Dalvie MA, Röösli M, Fuhrimann S. Temporal variation of pesticide mixtures in rivers of three agricultural watersheds during a major drought in the Western Cape, South Africa. WATER RESEARCH X 2020; 6:100039. [PMID: 31891151 PMCID: PMC6931231 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
South Africa is the leading pesticide user in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the occurrence of pesticide mixtures in surface water and potential environmental risks in Africa. This study investigated the occurrence of pesticides mixtures in three watersheds during a drought year in South Africa. The study was conducted in the Krom River, Berg River and Hex River watersheds within larger agriculture systems in the Western Cape. Pesticide spray records were collected from 38 farms. A total of 21 passive water samplers (styrenedivinylbenzene disks (SDB)) were deployed, each for two weeks per month, over seven sampling rounds during the main pesticide application period between July 2017 and January 2018. Samples were analyzed for 248 pesticide compounds using LC-HR-MS/MS. Pesticide occurrence was analyzed for temporal agreement with pesticide spraying events (Cohen's κ) and correlation with rainfall patterns and river discharge (Pearson correlation (r p )). Pesticide time-weighted average concentrations were estimated and compared to environmental quality standards (EQS). According to the farm spray records, 96 different pesticides were sprayed during the sampling period and differed considerably between the three study areas, seasons and crops grown. In total, 53 compounds were detected in river water. We detected 39% of compounds from the spraying records and demonstrated close temporal correlations of seasonal patterns for 11 pesticide compounds between reported on spraying records and observations in the streams (κ = 0.90). However, 23 detected pesticides were not found on spray records, many of them being herbicides. Most of the estimated two-week average pesticide concentrations were below 40 ng/L. The insecticides imidacloprid, thiacloprid, chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid and the herbicide terbuthylazine exceeded at least once their EQS 58-fold (EQS 13 ng/L), 12-fold (EQS 10 ng/L), 9-fold (EQS 0.46 ng/L), 5-fold (EQS 24 ng/L) and 3-fold (EQS 220 ng/L), respectively. Our study substantially widens the view on pesticide pollution in surface water compared to previous studies in Sub-Saharan Africa by targeting more than 200 pesticides using passive sampling systems. This broad assessment revealed the presence of 53 compounds, some of them in high concentrations, indicating possible adverse effects on biota and the quality of the ecosystem. Whether the observed concentration levels in the year 2017 were exceptional due to the lowest ever recorded rainfall and river discharge needs to be tested with additional data to better understand how pesticide pollution levels manifest under average rainfall and river discharge conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Curchod
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (eawag), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Oltramare
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (eawag), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marion Junghans
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stamm
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (eawag), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Yalelaan 2, 3584, CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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18
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Fai PBA, Ncheuveu NT, Tchamba MN, Ngealekeloeh F. Ecological risk assessment of agricultural pesticides in the highly productive Ndop flood plain in Cameroon using the PRIMET model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24885-24899. [PMID: 31240651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flood plains can make a significant contribution to food security due to their rich agricultural and aquaculture potentials but the misuse of pesticides in these ecosystems may seriously threaten their sustainability. We have assessed the risk of commonly used pesticides by rice and vegetable farmers on two major streams in the Ndop flood plain in Cameroon using the PRIMET model. Thirty pesticide formulations were identified containing 17 active ingredients belonging to fungicides (7), herbicides (3), and insecticides (7). Out of these, five posed acute and/or chronic risks to the streams. Chlorpyriphos-ethyl (ETR = 655), chlorothalonil (ETR = 250), and cypermethrin (ETR = 190) posed a definite acute risk to both streams. These pesticides also posed possible chronic risks with cypermethrin also posing a definite chronic risk (ETR = 1658) to fish in one of the streams. Mancozeb (ETR = 2.2) and λ-cyhalothrin (ETR = 2.8) posed a possible acute risk to both streams. It was interesting to note that most pesticides, including some of those that posed a risk, were applied at lower doses than their respective recommended doses. Differences in ETRs were also observed in the two streams with higher values occurring in the stream having a lower concentration of suspended solids. The higher velocity of the Ngwala-Mesaw stream did not affect the acute risk posed by pesticides. Pesticide toxicity was an important determinant in the risk posed and we recommend that appropriate mitigation measures be put in place to reduce the risk of these pesticides such as the implementation of an appropriate buffer zone between the edge of field and water body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bi Asanga Fai
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
- College of Technology, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon.
| | - Nkwatoh Therese Ncheuveu
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Martin Ngankam Tchamba
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francis Ngealekeloeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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19
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Cheng L, Song W, Rao Q, Zhou J, Zhao Z. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of methoxychlor on Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 221:89-95. [PMID: 30954688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chinese mitten crab, a featured macrobenthos, has been one of the most important economical aquatic species in China. This study assessed the accumulation of an organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) in Chinese mitten crab during exposure to 1 mg/L of MXC. The results showed the residual concentration of MXC in the ovary and hepatopancreas reached 55.07 ± 2.64 ng/g and 34.51 ± 2.35 ng/g, respectively. After exposure, tubular vacuolization of epithelial tissues, condensed egg cells and obvious intervals between egg cell wall and stroma were observed in the hepatopancreas and ovary, respectively. Significant changes of three key metabolic enzymes in hepatopancreas were observed upon exposure to MXC. Compared to the control, acetylcholinesterase level was significantly higher at day 7 (0.15 ± 0.01 vs. 0.06 ± 0.00 U/mgprot); glutathione S-transferase level was elevated at both day 4 (12.01 ± 0.48 vs. 3.20 ± 0.44 U/mgprot) and day 7 (12.84 ± 1.01 vs. 8.22 ± 0.81 U/mgprot); superoxide dismutase was sharply increased at day 4 (21.20 ± 0.24 vs. 3.66 ± 0.60 U/mgprot) but decreased at day 7 (3.74 ± 0.12 vs. 9.44 ± 0.85 U/mgprot). Overall, dissolved MXC accumulated in lipid-rich tissues could cause damages on epithelial cells and egg cells and change metabolic activities of enzymes involved in antioxidative stress and detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China.
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20
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Dirbaba NB, Li S, Wu H, Yan X, Wang J. Organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in surficial sediments of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205026. [PMID: 30286178 PMCID: PMC6171923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was initiated to document information on the levels of sediment contamination with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Moreover, it was intended to identify compounds which impose major ecological risks to aquatic organisms. Surficial sediments were collected from 46 locations within the streams and rivers of the Awash River Basin. In total 30 compounds were included in this study: 16 OCPs, 7 PCBs and 7 PBDEs. The total concentrations of OCPs, PCBs, and PBDEs ranged from 6.63 to 206.13 ng g-1- dry weight (dw), 0.85 to 26.56 ng g-1-dw and 3.71 to 18.95 ng g-1-dw respectively. Out of all the tested OCPs, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT) and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) were the most abundant in the study area. The ratio of (β-HCH/∑HCHs) indicated that HCHs were originally from earlier usage of HCH in the area whereas the ratio of (p,p’-DDT/p,p’-DDE) showed that the majority of DDT components were recently introduced into most of the sampling locations. Even though there were relatively low concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs across the sampling sites, substantial amounts of PCBs were observed in Addis Ababa City. According to the established ecological risk indices, p,p’-DDT and γ-HCH are the major concerns for potential adverse ecological impacts. This study provided the first comprehensive information on organohalogenated compounds’ (OCs’) occurrences, spatial distributions, and ecological risks in sediments of the Awash River Basin. Thus, the report will be very useful background information for further studies on sediment contamination with OCs’ in the region. It also adds important first-hand data to the field of fresh water ecology and provides useful empirical evidence for setting pollution control priorities for an ecologically important, yet largely understudied region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niguse Bekele Dirbaba
- School of Environmental and Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Environmental and Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjuan Wu
- School of Environmental and Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (XY); (JW)
| | - Xue Yan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (XY); (JW)
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (XY); (JW)
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21
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Sumon KA, Rashid H, Peeters ETHM, Bosma RH, Van den Brink PJ. Environmental monitoring and risk assessment of organophosphate pesticides in aquatic ecosystems of north-west Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:92-100. [PMID: 29734095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) to protect a variety of crops has increased in Bangladesh. OPPs may contaminate surrounding aquatic environments through several routes including spray drift, surface runoff and groundwater leaching. Since it is unknown how much OPP end ups in aquatic environment in Bangladesh, the objectives of the present study were to quantify the residues of ten most commonly used OPPs in water and sediment of water bodies of north-west Bangladesh and to assess their ecological risks for aquatic organisms. The risks of the pesticides in surface water and sediment were assessed using a first-tier risk quotient (RQ) approach. The higher-tier PERPEST model was used to refine the ecological risks of pesticides when RQ indicated a potential risk. Results showed the most frequently detected pesticides that appeared in high concentrations were chlorpyrifos, diazinon and quinalphos in surface water and sediment. The highest concentration of OPPs measured in water was 9.1 μg chlorpyrifos/L (median of 1.95 μg/L), while this was 51 μg diazinon/kg dw (median of 11 μg/kg dw) for sediment. Furthermore, results showed high acute and/or chronic RQs (RQ > 1) in surface water and sediment for chlorpyrifos, diazinon, quinalphos, malathion and fenitrothion. The higher-tier PERPEST model confirmed risks of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, quinalphos and fenitrothion for aquatic insects, micro- and macro-crustaceans which were previously derived by RQ-based risk assessment for aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the results of the PERPEST model also indicated possible indirect effects of these pesticides on algae and macrophytes, community metabolism, rotifers and other macro-invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizar Ahmed Sumon
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Harunur Rashid
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel H Bosma
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Branchet P, Cadot E, Fenet H, Sebag D, Ngatcha BN, Borrell-Estupina V, Ngoupayou JRN, Kengne I, Braun JJ, Gonzalez C. Polar pesticide contamination of an urban and peri-urban tropical watershed affected by agricultural activities (Yaoundé, Center Region, Cameroon). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17690-17715. [PMID: 29671229 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban agriculture is crucial to local populations, but the risk of it contaminating water has rarely been documented. The aim of this study was to assess pesticide contamination of surface waters from the Méfou watershed (Yaoundé, Cameroon) by 32 selected herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides (mainly polar) according to their local application, using both grab sampling and polar organic compounds integrative samplers (POCIS). Three sampling campaigns were conducted in the March/April and October/November 2015 and June/July 2016 rainy seasons in urban and peri-urban areas. The majority of the targeted compounds were detected. The quantification frequencies of eight pesticides were more than 20% with both POCIS and grab sampling, and that of diuron and atrazine reached 100%. Spatial differences in contamination were evidenced with higher contamination in urban than peri-urban rivers. In particular, diuron was identified as an urban contaminant of concern because its concentrations frequently exceeded the European water quality guideline of 0.200 μg/L in freshwater and may thus represent an ecological risk due to a risk quotient > 1 for algae observed in 94% of grab samples. This study raises concerns about the impacts of urban agriculture on the quality of water resources and to a larger extent on the health of the inhabitants of cities in developing countries. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Branchet
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30100, Ales, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Cadot
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 057-163, rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fenet
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 057-163, rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - David Sebag
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 057-163, rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090, Montpellier, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Rouen, France
| | - Benjamin Ngounou Ngatcha
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Valérie Borrell-Estupina
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 057-163, rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ives Kengne
- Wastewater Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean-Jacques Braun
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, CNAP, CNES, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30100, Ales, France
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23
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Riaz G, Tabinda AB, Baqar M, Mahmood A, Mumtaz M, Qadir A, Yasar A, Safaei Khorram M. Human Health Risk Surveillance Through the Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Water, Sediments, and Fish from the Chenab River, Pakistan. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1372467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Riaz
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amtul Bari Tabinda
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Yasar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahdi Safaei Khorram
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou, China
- NTT Institute of High-Technology, Nhuyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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24
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Sousa JCG, Ribeiro AR, Barbosa MO, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. A review on environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:146-162. [PMID: 29674092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of fresh water is a global concern. The huge impact of natural and anthropogenic organic substances that are constantly released into the environment, demands a better knowledge of the chemical status of Earth's surface water. Water quality monitoring studies have been performed targeting different substances and/or classes of substances, in different regions of the world, using different types of sampling strategies and campaigns. This review article aims to gather the available dispersed information regarding the occurrence of priority substances (PSs) and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that must be monitored in Europe in surface water, according to the European Union Directive 2013/39/EU and the Watch List of Decision 2015/495/EU, respectively. Other specific organic pollutants not considered in these EU documents as substances of high concern, but with reported elevated frequency of detection at high concentrations, are also discussed. The search comprised worldwide publications from 2012, considering at least one of the following criteria: 4 sampling campaigns per year, wet and dry seasons, temporal and/or spatial monitoring of surface (river, estuarine, lake and/or coastal waters) and ground waters. The highest concentrations were found for: (i) the PSs atrazine, alachlor, trifluralin, heptachlor, hexachlorocyclohexane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; (ii) the CECs azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, diclofenac, 17α-ethinylestradiol, imidacloprid and 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate; and (iii) other unregulated organic compounds (caffeine, naproxen, metolachlor, estriol, dimethoate, terbuthylazine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, ketoprofen, atenolol, Bisphenol A, metoprolol, carbofuran, malathion, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and ofloxacin). Most frequent substances as well as those found at highest concentrations in different seasons and regions, together with available risk assessment data, may be useful to identify possible future PS candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C G Sousa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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