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Zhang LN, Peng PA, Li HR, Liu MY, Hu JF. Halogenated aromatic pollutants in routine animal-derived food of south China: Occurrence, sources, and dietary intake risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:124002. [PMID: 38636834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Halogenated aromatic pollutants (HAPs) including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exhibit diverse toxicities and bio-accumulation in animals, thereby imposing risks on human via animal-derived food (ADF) consumption. Here we examined these HAPs in routine ADFs from South China and observed that PBDEs and PCBs showed statistically higher concentrations than PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs. PCDD/Fs and PCBs in these ADFs were mainly from the polluted feed and habitat of animals, except PCDD/Fs in egg, which additionally underwent selective biotransformation/progeny transfer after the maternal intake of PCDD/F-polluted stuff. PBDEs and PBDD/Fs were mostly derived from the extensive use of deca-BDE and their polluted environments. Significant interspecific differences were mainly observed for DL-PCBs and partly for PBDD/Fs and PBDEs, which might be caused by their distinct transferability/biodegradability in animals and the different living habit and habitat of animals. The dietary intake doses (DIDs) of these HAPs via ADF consumption were all highest for toddlers, then teenagers and adults. Milk, egg, and fish contributed most to the DIDs and risks for toddlers and teenagers, which results of several cities exceeded the recommended thresholds and illustrated noteworthy risks. Pork, fish, and egg were the top three risk contributors for adults, which carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were both acceptable. Notably, PBDD/Fs showed the lowest concentrations but highest contributions to the total risks of these HAPs, thereby meriting continuous attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping-An Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ming-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Fang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Kumawat M, Pal N, Sharma P, Verma V, Tiwari RR, Singh S, Shubham S, Sarma DK, Kumar M. Investigating the presence of dioxins in drinking water: implications for public health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38415762 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2322559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The presence of highly toxic dioxins, specifically polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), in drinking water is a matter of great concern due to their long-lasting nature and harmful effects. In this study, we detected three out of the five dioxin congeners: 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), 1, 2, 3, 7, 8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD). The investigation revealed that three dioxins were present in water samples of winter season, while TCDD and OCDD were found in the summer season. The geometric mean concentrations of PCDDs were 229.9 ng/L (winter) and 108.4 ng/L (summer), exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 30 pg/L set by the USEPA in surface water. The estimated daily intake of PCDDs for residents through drinking water was 273.97 ng-WHO2005-TEQ/kg/days during winter and 78.875 ng-WHO2005-TEQ/kg/days during summer. Our study emphasizes the urgent need for further research on persistent organic pollutants in drinking water to safeguard public health and community well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumawat
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Namrata Pal
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Haematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Samradhi Singh
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swasti Shubham
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Lin X, Ma Y, Chen T, Wang L, Takaoka M, Pan S, Zhang H, Wu A, Li X, Yan J. PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in the vicinity of landfill used for MSWI fly ash disposal: Pollutant distribution and environmental impact assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120083. [PMID: 36064061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the syngenetic control of polychlorinated-ρ-dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and heavy metals by field stabilization/solidification (S/S) treatment for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) and multi-step leachate treatment. Modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) speciation analysis and risk assessment code (RAC) revealed the medium environment risk of Cd and Mn, indicating the necessity of S/S treatment for MSWIFA. S/S treatment significantly declined the mass/toxic concentrations of PCDD/Fs (i.e., from 7.21 to 4.25 μg/kg; from 0.32 to 0.20 μg I-TEQ/kg) and heavy metals in MSWIFA due to chemical fixation and dilution effect. The S/S mechanism of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDD) and cement was decreasing heavy metals in the mild acid-soluble fraction to reduce their mobility and bioavailability. Oxidation treatment of leachate reduced the PCDD/F concentration from 49.10 to 28.71 pg/L (i.e., from 1.60 to 0.98 pg I-TEQ/L) by suspension absorption or NaClO oxidation decomposition, whereas a so-called "memory effect" phenomena in the subsequent procedures (adsorption, press filtration, flocculating settling, slurry separation, and carbon filtration) increased it back to 38.60 pg/L (1.66 pg I-TEQ/L). Moreover, the multi-step leachate treatment also effectively reduced the concentrations of heavy metals to 1-4 orders of magnitude lower than the national emission standards. Furthermore, the PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in other multiple media (soil, landfill leachate, groundwater, and river water) and their spatial distribution characteristics site were also investigated. No evidence showed any influence of the landfill on the surrounding liquid media. The slightly higher concentration of PCDD/Fs in the soil samples was ascribed to other waste management processes (transportation and unloading) or other local source (hazardous incineration plant). Therefore, proper management of landfills and leachate has a negligible effect on the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6158510, Japan
| | - Shuping Pan
- Zhejiang Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Angjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Han J, Xu C, Jin J, Hu J. PCNs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs in Soil around a Cement Kiln Co-Processing Municipal Wastes in Northwestern China: Levels, Distribution, and Potential Human Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12860. [PMID: 36232160 PMCID: PMC9566703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of the first cement kiln co-processing municipal wastes in northwest China on the surrounding environment, the concentrations of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined in 17 soil samples collected around the plant. The concentration ranges of PCNs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs were 132-1288, 10.8-59.5, and 2.50-5.95 pg/g, and the ranges of toxic equivalents (TEQ) were 1.98-20.8, 2.36-48.0, and 73.2-418 fg/g, respectively. The concentrations of PCNs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs in this study were generally lower than those in soil around municipal waste incinerators and industrial parks in other areas. An exponential function equation was applied for the relationship between the concentration of the target compounds and the distance from the cement kiln stack, the results showed that PCN and PCB concentrations declined with the increasing of distance from the stack. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of the cement kiln on surrounding soil contaminations with PCNs and PCBs was stronger than that of PCDD/Fs by comparing the PCN, PCB, and PCDD/F homologue profiles in the fly ash sample from the plant and soil samples at different distances. The total carcinogenic risks (CR) of PCNs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs for children and adults in soil were 1.65 × 10-8-8.93 × 10-8 and 1.70 × 10-8-9.16 × 10-8, respectively, which was less than the risk threshold (CR = 1 × 10-6), and there was no health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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5
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Ngoubeyou PSK, Wolkersdorfer C, Ndibewu PP, Augustyn W. Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic environments - A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106284. [PMID: 36087490 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their congeners resulting from the pollution of all environmental media is inherently related to its persistence and ubiquitous nature. In principle, determination of this class of contaminants are limited to the determination of their concentrations in the various environmental matrices. For solving many problems in this context, knowledge of the emission sources of PCBs, transport pathways, and sites of contamination and biomagnification is of great benefit to scientists and researchers, as well as many regulatory organizations. By far the largest amounts of PCBs, regardless of their discharged points, end up in the soil, sediment and finally in different aquatic environments. By reviewing relevant published materials, the source of origin of PCBs in the environment particularly from different pollution point sources, it is possible to obtain useful information on the nature of different materials that are sources of PCBs, or their concentrations and their toxicity or health effects and how they can be removed from contaminated media. This review focuses on the sources of PCBs in aquatic environments and critically reviews the toxicity of PCBs in aquatic animals and plants. The review also assesses the toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) of PCBs providing valuable knowledge to other scientists and researchers that enables regulatory laws to be formulated based on selective determination of concentrations regarding their maximum permissible limits (MPLs) allowed. This review also supplies a pool of valuable information useful for designing decontamination technologies for PCBs in media like soil, sediment, and wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Wolkersdorfer
- Tshwane University of Technology, SARChI Chair for Mine Water Treatment, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Peter Papoh Ndibewu
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Wilma Augustyn
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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6
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Tian Y, Cheng J, Li S, Geng H, Huang C, Zhou Q, Liu W, Ma J. Recent Progress in the Determination of Polychlorodibenzo- p-Dioxins and Polychlorodibenzofurans by Mass Spectrometry: A Minireview. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiawen Cheng
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongshuai Geng
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaonan Huang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Environmental Technical Research Institute of Everbright Technology (Qingdao) Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Weixun Liu
- Environmental Technical Research Institute of Everbright Technology (Qingdao) Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
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Suárez AF, Camargo CE, Esteso MA, Romero CM. Photocatalytic Degradation of Dielectric Mineral Oil with PCBs Content Coupled with Algae Treatment. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050209. [PMID: 35622623 PMCID: PMC9145893 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulating oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is an environmentally important pollutant. This research focused on the establishment of the optimum conditions under which photocatalytic oxidation can be used together with biotreatment using the Nostoc sp. microorganism to degrade PCBs present in used dielectric oils. Among the optimal conditions studied were PCB concentration, initial pH, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) concentration for the photocatalytic step, and PCB concentration and photoperiod for the biotreatment step. The results indicate that the optimal conditions necessary for photocatalytic degradation were a pH of 6.10, 113 mg/L TiO2, and 765 mg/L PCBs, achieving close to 90% removal. For the biotreatment step, the results showed that PCBs progressively inhibited the microbiological growth, with the lowest cellular growth observed in the medium with the highest PCB concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Suárez
- Departamento de Ingenieria, Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Carlos E. Camargo
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Miguel A. Esteso
- Universidad Catolica de Avila, Calle los Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain
- Universidad de Alcala, U.D. Quimica Fisica, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.); (C.M.R.)
| | - Carmen M. Romero
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.); (C.M.R.)
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Method Development for Low-Concentration PAHs Analysis in Seawater to Evaluate the Impact of Ship Scrubber Washwater Effluents. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A naval ship’s exhaust gas scrubber may discharge polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into seawater. Due to the high lipophilicity and low water solubility of PAHs, their concentrations in seawater are extremely low, making them difficult to detect or accurately determine. To accurately assess the impact of scrubber washwater effluent on the PAHs concentration of seawater, appropriate analysis methods must be established. In this study, a large-volume pre-concentration water sampler was used onboard to concentrate PAHs in surface seawater (100 L) from four sites offshore of southern Taiwan. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of dissolved PAHs in seawater and quality control samples were implemented using a GC/MS system with the aid of internal and surrogate standards. Results showed that the field and equipment blank samples of quality control samples were lower than twice the detection limit. The detection limit of individual PAHs is between 0.001 (naphthalene, NA) and 0.014 ng/L (dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, DBA), which meets the requirements for evaluating PAHs in seawater (that is, less than the maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs)). The concentration of total PAHs (TPAHs) in the four seawater samples ranged from 2.297 to 4.001 ng/L and had an average concentration of 3.056 ± 0.727 ng/L. The concentrations of 16 PAHs were determined in each seawater sample, indicating that the analytical method in this study is suitable for the determination of low-concentration PAHs in seawater. Phenanthrene (PHE) is the most dominant compound in seawater samples accounting for 59.6 ± 12.6% of TPAHs, followed by fluorine (FL) accounting for 8.5 ± 3.7%. The contribution of high-ring PAHs to TPAHs is not high (0.5–9.2%), but the observed concentrations can cause a higher risk to aquatic organisms than low-ring PAHs. The diagnostic ratio showed that the sources of PAHs in the seawater collected offshore of southern Taiwan may include mixed sources such as petrogenic, petroleum combustion, and biomass combustion. The results can be used for regular monitoring, which contributes to pollution prevention and management of the marine environment.
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Dinç B, Çelebi A, Avaz G, Canlı O, Güzel B, Eren B, Yetis U. Spatial distribution and source identification of persistent organic pollutants in the sediments of the Yeşilırmak River and coastal area in the Black Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112884. [PMID: 34454391 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediments from the Yeşilırmak River and the near coastal area in the Black Sea were collected using sediment traps to assess the spatial distributions of persistent organic pollutants and find their potential sources. Analyses were carried out to determine the concentrations of the persistent organic pollutants of seventeen polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, seven polychlorinated biphenyls, and eight organochlorine pesticides using high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry systems. Analysis showed that the three main components of persistent organic pollutants (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organochlorine pesticides) primary sources are industrial activities. In addition, the widespread occurrence of persistent organic pollutants in the watershed surface sediments taken from the Yeşilırmak River basin showed that agricultural and urban areas are also diffuse persistent organic pollutants sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Dinç
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çelebi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187, Turkey.
| | - Gülsen Avaz
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey
| | - Oltan Canlı
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey
| | - Bariş Güzel
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey
| | - Beytullah Eren
- Environmental Engineering Department, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187, Turkey
| | - Ulku Yetis
- Environmental Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Inönü Bulvari, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Wang LC, Lin JCT, Dong CD, Chen CW, Liu TK. The sorption of persistent organic pollutants in microplastics from the coastal environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126658. [PMID: 34329087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pellets were sampled from six sandy beaches around Taiwan in order to investigate the concentrations and compositions of POPs, including: PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, PBDEs, PCBs, PBBs, and their congeners. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs on the surface (Cs) of MP pellets from the six sampling sites were from 1.9 to 14.6 pg∙g-1, while the overall concentrations within MPs (Ct) were from 95.0 to 1110.6 pg∙g-1. As PCDD/Fs were adsorbed into the inner part of MPs, a ratio of the total concentrations to surficial concentration of MPs (Ct/Cs) was as high as 355.2 times. The Ct/Cs of other POPs were also significant, such as PBDEs being found up to 8068 times, which could be attributed to artificial addition during manufacturing processes as flame-retardant substances. Primary compositions of PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, and PBDEs on the MPs in our POP congener analysis were all found containing species with higher number of chlorine or bromine, which were adsorbed on the MP surface more easily due to their relative higher KOW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chi Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Justin Chun-Te Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Kang Liu
- Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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11
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Jain RB. Trends in concentrations of selected dioxins and furans across various stages of kidney function for US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43763-43776. [PMID: 33840024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dioxins and furans has the potential to affect kidney function and could be associated with chronic kidney disease. Data for US adults aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1999-2004 (N = 4433) were analyzed to study trends in adjusted concentrations (AGM) of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlororodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran across the stages of kidney function (KF). Stages of KF were defined based on estimated glomerular filtration rate or eGFR expressed in mL/min/1.73 m2. For KF-1, eGFR was > 90, between 60 and 90 for KF-2, between 45 and 60 for KF-3A, and between 15 and 45 for KF-3B/4. AGMs for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin increased consistently across the full spectrum of kidney function. For example, AGMs for the total population for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were 2.5, 4.5, 9.3, and 14.9 fg/g lipid for KF-1, KF-2, KF-3A, and KF-3B/4, respectively. For other six dioxins/furans, AGMs increased over KF-1 through KF-3A but then decreased for KF-3B/4, for example, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran for males, and AGMs for KF-1, KF-2, KF-3A, and KF-3B/4 were 7.9, 8.4, 10.7, and 7.5 fg/g lipid, respectively. For 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, smokers were found to have lower AGMs than nonsmokers. For example, for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, smoker-nonsmoker AGMs were 22.2 vs. 39.4 fg/g lipid at KF-1, 29.5 vs. 51.4 fg/g lipid at KF-2, 61.6 vs. 72.8 fg/g lipid at KF-3A, and 34.9 vs. 66.4 fg/g lipid at KF-3B/4. The reverse more often than not, was, however, observed for other six dioxins/furans. Smoker-nonsmoker AGMs for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were 2.4 vs. 2.6 fg/g lipid at KF-1, 5.1 vs. 4.0 fg/g lipid at KF-2, 12.7 vs. 6.7 fg/g lipid at KF-3A, and 18.6 vs. 11.9 fg/g lipid at KF-3B/4. In conclusion, lipid-adjusted serum concentrations of dioxins and furans continue increasing as kidney function keeps deteriorating until KF-3A. However, these increases in serum concentrations until KF-3A may be followed by substantial decreases for selected dioxins/furans during KF-3B/4.
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Schröder S, San-Román MF, Ortiz I. Dioxins and furans toxicity during the photocatalytic remediation of emerging pollutants. Triclosan as case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144853. [PMID: 33513494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of wastewater remediation technologies are offset in those cases where, as a result of operating conditions, harmful compounds are formed in the degradation routes of the original organic pollutants. This may be the case for the application of some advanced oxidation processes to wastewater containing precursors of dioxins and furans, as previously reported in the application of electrochemical and Fenton oxidation to degrade Triclosan and 2-chlorophenol. This work reports for the first time a detailed kinetic analysis of the formation of dioxins and furans during the photocatalytic treatment of aqueous samples containing 5-Chloro-2-[2,4-dichlorophenoxy] phenol, commercially known as Triclosan. After analysis of the PCDD/Fs concentration, the toxicity of the samples has been determined in terms of toxic equivalents (TEQ). TEQ values have been calculated, first with the group of 17 congeners with higher toxicity. Finally, a multivariable analysis and linear regression have been applied to reduce the significant number of congeners and optimize the analytical effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schröder
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Mª-Fresnedo San-Román
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
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Yang X, Wu J, Li M, Qi M, Wang R, Hu J, Jin J. Particle size distributions and health risks of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated naphthalenes in atmospheric particles around two secondary copper smelters in Shandong Province, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128742. [PMID: 33127115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen samples of atmospheric particles in four size fractions (diameter: > 10 μm, 5-10 μm, 2.5-5 μm, and <2.5 μm) were collected around two secondary copper smelters in Shandong Province, China. The levels, particle size distributions, and potential health risks of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in these samples were analyzed. The concentration ranges for the PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and PCNs were 3.13-5.77 pg m-3, 0.43-0.56 pg m-3, and 4.76-9.89 pg m-3, respectively. All of the compounds accumulated strongly in the particles with diameters of <2.5 μm. The congener profiles of PCDD/Fs in particles of various sizes were similar, and were consistent with those in stack gases from local secondary copper smelters. However, the congener profiles of dl-PCBs and PCNs in the particles with diameters of <2.5 μm differed from those for the other particle size fractions. The proportion of highly chlorinated homologs in particles with diameters of <2.5 μm was much higher than that of particles with diameters of >2.5 μm. The results of a risk assessment indicated that the contribution of PCDD/Fs to the total carcinogenic risk (PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs + PCNs) was >95%. For the PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and PCNs, 78%, 71%, and 86% of the carcinogenic risk was associated with the <2.5 μm fraction, respectively. This study improves our understanding of the particle size distributions and human health risks of exposure to PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and PCNs in the atmosphere around secondary copper smelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meihong Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Qi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
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Pouch A, Zaborska A, Pazdro K. Levels of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in seawater from the Hornsund fjord (SW Svalbard). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111917. [PMID: 33321304 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of contaminant distribution is important, particularly in the vulnerable first results about the occurrence of seventeen polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans and twelve dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in arctic fjord seawater are reported. The contaminants were measured in 10 samples of suspended particulate matter collected in Hornsund (Svalbard). The ∑PCDD/F and ∑dl-PCB concentrations ranged from 0.066 to 231.47 pg/L and from 2.43 to 46.43 pg/L respectively. In terms of total PCDD/Fs, in general highly chlorinated PCDFs constituted the most significant fraction. Among dl-PCB compounds, PCB118 was the dominant congener. The toxicity equivalent for the samples ranged from 0.0008 to 1.90 pg I-TEQ/L for ∑PCDD/Fs, while for ∑dl-PCB it ranged from 0.0002 to 0.024 pg WHO05-TEQ/L. High concentrations of dioxins and dl-PCBs in some samples indicated that those contaminants could pose a threat to marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pouch
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Agata Zaborska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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Atmospheric Concentrations and Health Implications of PAHs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the Vicinity of a Heavily Industrialized Site in Greece. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thriassion Plain is considered the most industrialized area in Greece and thus a place where emissions of pollutants are expected to be elevated, leading to the degradation of air quality. Methods: Simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was performed in PM10 samples. SPSS statistical package was employed for statistical analysis and source apportionment purposes. Cancer risk was estimated from total persistent organic pollutants’ (POPs) dataset according to the available literature. Results: POPs concentrations in particulate matter were measured in similar levels compared to other studies in Greece and worldwide, with mean concentrations of ΣPAHs, ΣPCDD/Fs, dioxin like PCBs, and indicator PCBs being 7.07 ng m−3, 479 fg m−3, 1634 fg m−3, and 18.1 pg m−3, respectively. Seasonal variations were observed only for PAHS with higher concentrations during cold period. MDRs, D/F ratios, and principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted combustions as the main source of POPs’ emissions. Estimation of particles’ carcinogenic and mutagenic potential indicates the increased toxicity of PM10 during cold periods, and cancer risk assessment concludes that 3 to 4 people out of 100,000 may suffer from cancer due to POPs’ inhalation. Conclusions: Increased cancer risk for citizens leads to the necessity of chronic POPs’ monitoring in Thriassion Plain, and such strategies have to be a priority for Greek environmental authorities.
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Wrobel MH, Mlynarczuk J. The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on bovine oviductal contractions and LIF synthesis during estrous cycle, in vitro studies. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:188-193. [PMID: 33002814 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of synthetic xenobiotics that have been used in many industrial applications. Currently, PCBs are among the most prominent environmental contaminants. Previously we showed that PCBs impair secretion of prostaglandins (PGs) at the oviduct. PGs are involved in the regulation of oviductal contractions and the synthesis of leukemia inhibitory factors LIF. Since oviductal contractions are crucial for gamete and embryo transport, and LIF is essential for embryo implantation, the direct effect of PCBs on oviductal motor activity and LIF mRNA expression were investigated. Oviductal strips and cells were taken from cows during the estrous cycle and were treated with PCBs at concentrations close to their environmental ranges. All the studied PCBs decreased the force of the contractions of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the isthmus. Additionally, these PCBs decreased the amplitude of the longitudinal muscle of the oviduct. Moreover, PCB-30-OH and PCB-153 increased the mRNA expression of LIF. Since PCBs inhibit the motor function of the oviduct and stimulate the synthesis of LIF, it is possible that PCBs can slow gamete or embryo transport and increase the potential for pathological embryo implantation in the oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hubert Wrobel
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Mlynarczuk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Liu W, Zhao J, Xu S, Liu GB, Tu Y, Shi P, Li AM. Concentrations, Sources, and Potential Human Health Risks of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and PAHs in Rural Atmosphere Around Chemical Plants in Jiangsu Province, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:846-851. [PMID: 32385521 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a rural atmosphere near industrial zones in Jiangsu, China were determined and the associated risks were assessed. The concentrations of ΣPCDD/Fs, ΣPCBs, and ΣPAHs ranged from 11.9-57.7 pg·m-3, 0.58-2.71 pg m-3, and 11-18 ng m-3, respectively. Principal component analysis suggested that the contamination of air with PCDD/Fs and PCBs mainly originated from industrial activities and combustion processes. In contrast, the major source of PAHs was the combustion of petroleum, coal, and biomass. These data were used to estimate the exposure of the population living nearby to these persistent organic pollutants and to evaluate the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with their inhalation. Our study are likely to be helpful for developing and implementing regulation strategies for PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, and PAHs in the atmosphere around industrial and surrounding residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Blvd 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Guang-Bing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Tu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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18
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El-Rahman MMA, Hassanin AS, El-Shahat MF, Nabil YM. PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in the irrigation water in Egypt: levels, patterns, and potential sources. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:529. [PMID: 31368020 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contamination levels of PCDD/PCDFs in irrigation water are the most rarely studied throughout the world. The major problem in Egypt is the lack of studies and statistics about these contaminants of POPs in irrigation water. Therefore, this study is the first comprehensive report to elucidate the estimation and sources of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in irrigation water from Egypt and rare for worldwide may provide a reference to future studies of POPs compounds in irrigation water of Egypt. A total of 24 irrigated water samples were collected from different irrigation canals which are adjacent to industrial areas from six Egyptian governorates (Bani Swef, El-Giza, El-Sharkeya, El-Menoufeya, El-Gharbeya, and Alexandria). The study shows that irrigation water canals were contaminated with low levels of PCDDs/PCDFs, which were 0.95 pgWHO-TEQ/l, and the total of PCDD/PCDFs and dl-PCBs were 2.06 pgWHO-TEQ/l with contamination ranging between 0.88 to 2.97 pgWHO-TEQ/l while the levels of indicator PCBs were 18.52 ng/l and ranged between 0.39 to 165.6 ng/l. The most predominant dioxins congeners were HpCDD, OCDD, HpCDF, and OCDF while for dl-PCBs were PCB105 and PCB118, and for ndl-PCBs was PCB138. The areas with recent urbanization and industrialization were more contaminated with PCBs than the unindustrialized area. Lightly to moderately chlorinated congeners dominated the PCB profiles. The major sources for these contaminants were fire bricks followed by textile industries closer to the located sampling sites. The detected pattern was found to be similar to the patterns reported in the air by other studies. Although the concentrations of the studied POPs are found to be low in irrigated water, it may be considered as a potential source of soil pollution due to their accumulation process in the agricultural land and may lead to risk on human health by consuming the agricultural products irrigated by contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Abd El-Rahman
- Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, 7, Nadi Elsaid Street, Dokki, Giza, P.O.12311, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S Hassanin
- Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, 7, Nadi Elsaid Street, Dokki, Giza, P.O.12311, Egypt
| | - M F El-Shahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, P.O.11566, Egypt
| | - Y M Nabil
- Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, 7, Nadi Elsaid Street, Dokki, Giza, P.O.12311, Egypt.
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Yu D, Liu X, Liu X, Cao W, Zhang X, Tian H, Wang J, Xiong N, Wen S, Wu Y, Sun X, Zhou Y. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Umbilical Cord Serum from Pregnant Women Living Near a Chemical Plant in Tianjin, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122178. [PMID: 31248229 PMCID: PMC6616537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are bioaccumulative compounds that may affect fetal growth and infant development. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pregnant women living near a chemical plant in Tianjin had a risk of exposure to dioxins. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in 24 umbilical cord serum samples collected from pregnant women were measured using a high-resolution gas chromatograph with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC-HRMS) and an isotopic dilution method. The levels of ∑(PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs) were in the range 476-8307 pg·g-1 lipid, with a mean of 3037 pg·g-1. The mean World Health Organization toxicity equivalent (WHO-TEQ) for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs was 14.0 and 2.14 pg·g-1 lipid, respectively. The PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs contributed 86.7% and 13.3%, respectively, to the total TEQ. The octa-CDFs and penta-CBs were predominant for the PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, accounting for 57.6% and 74.3%, respectively. Several PCDD/F and dl-PCB congeners were highly correlated, such as PCB 105 and PCB 118 (r = 0.982, p < 0.001). Although the results hint at decreasing trends for PCDD/F and dl-PCBs by comparison with a similar study in Tianjin, a total TEQ of 41.7% of study participants had a body burden that exceeded the biomonitoring equivalents for dioxins. It was shown that pregnant women and infants had a health risk of exposure to dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Yu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Wencheng Cao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Haoyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nan Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South Central University for Nationalities, #182 Minzu Avenue, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Le LTH, Dat ND, Minh NH, Nguyen KA. Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in soil and sediment samples collected from A-So former airbase in Central Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:27-34. [PMID: 30665129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A-So airbase, located in A-Luoi Valley - Central Vietnam, is a former military base occupied by US Special Forces between 1963 and 1966. The storage of Agent Orange in A-So airbase during the Vietnam War now poses a high potential for PCDD/F contamination in soils and sediments. In order to evaluate the occurrence and characteristics of PCDD/Fs in A-So former airbase, which has been reserved for a long time and suffered almost no significant anthropogenic impacts, soil and sediment samples were collected from 40 sites of two adjacent zones A and B in an area of 160,000 m2. Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs were analyzed using HRCG/HRMS (US EPA method 1613). Results indicate that concentrations of PCDD/Fs measured in zone A ranged from 95.0 to 4534 ng kgdw-1 (4.58 to 746 ng TEQ kgdw-1), while those in zone B were in the range of 80.8-4150 ng kgdw-1 (2.70-89.0 ng TEQ kgdw-1). The concentrations of PCDD/Fs observed in zone A are higher than those in zone B, suggesting that PCDD/Fs could be transported from zone A to zone B through surface soil erosion and runoff events. The main contributor to the total TEQ concentration was 2,3,7,8-TCDD, which was the indicator of Agent Orange contamination, accounting for 91 ± 9% and 72 ± 17% of the total TEQ concentrations measured in zones A and B, respectively. Comparison of PCDD/F concentrations in different soil layers reveals that the topsoil layer (at depth < 1 m) contributed 81-95% to the total PCDD/Fs in the study area, indicating that future remediation projects should focus on this topsoil layer. Since PCDD/F contamination in A-So airbase has not significantly improved for the last 20 years, remediation projects are urgently needed in order to mitigate the negative impacts of PCDD/F contamination on human health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Hai Le
- Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Phu Dien, North-Tu Liem, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Duy Dat
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University (NCU), Zhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Hung Minh
- Vietnam Environment Administration, Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien District, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Kim-Anh Nguyen
- Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University (NCU), Zhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
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21
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Li DL, Huang YJ, Gao S, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Sex-specific alterations of lipid metabolism in zebrafish exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:768-777. [PMID: 30684774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) mixtures exerting environmental health risk. In mammals, PCBs have been shown to disrupt metabolic state, especially lipid metabolism, and energy balance, but their effects on lipid metabolism in fish are largely unknown. The zebrafish were selected as model and both male and female adult zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of PCBs at gradient concentrations of 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 μg/L for 6 weeks. PCB exposure did not affect survival, but a significant inhibition of growth was observed in the males after exposure to 20.0 μg/L. The lower concentrations of 0.2 and 2.0 μg/L increased hepatic lipid accumulation to a greater extent in male fish, but the higher concentration of 20.0 μg/L did not cause significant fat accumulation in either male or female fish. In males, the expression of genes related to lipogenesis and lipid catabolism was upregulated in a concentration-dependent manner in the liver and visceral mass without liver and gonad; the effects of exposure on lipid metabolism-related genes in female fish were less pronounced. PCB exposure did not induce significant oxidative stress, but did upregulate the expression of stress- and apoptosis-related genes, mostly in male fish. The low concentrations of PCBs (0.2 μg/L and 2.0 μg/L) exerted sex-specific effects on zebrafish lipid metabolism, and male fish were more sensitive to the exposure. This study provides new mechanistic insights into the complex interactions between PCBs, lipid metabolism, and sex in zebrafish, and may contribute to a future systematic assessment of the effects of PCBs on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu-Juan Huang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China.
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22
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Trinh MM, Tsai CL, Chang MB. Characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in various aqueous samples in Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:388-395. [PMID: 30176451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 20 groundwater samples and 7 surface water samples were collected and analyzed by HRGC-HRMS to evaluate the levels, congener distributions, and dissolved/solid partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water matrix as well as the removal efficiency of a typical water treatment plant (WTP). The results indicated that the level of PBDEs concentrations ranging from 18.51 to 4212 pg/L and 30.24 to 1021 pg/L were found in groundwater and surface water, respectively. BDE-209 predominated and contributed over 90% of total PBDEs concentrations for all samples analyzed. In addition, the dissolved/solid distribution indicated that 60-80% of PBDEs were measured in solid phase. 97% of total PBDEs was removed in a WTP. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was conducted for groundwater samples and the results indicated that 3% and 41% of PBDEs were attributed to octa and deca-BDEs commercial mixtures, respectively, while 56% resulted from anaerobic microorganism debromination process. Understanding the PBDEs occurrences, distribution and debromination process as well as their removal efficiency of water treatment plant could provide valuable information on the fate of those compounds in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Man Trinh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Ching Lan Tsai
- Environment Protection Administration, Environment Analysis Laboratory, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Moo Been Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan.
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23
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Yang L, Hu Z, Yan F. RETRACTED: Threats of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in six molluscs from market to food safety: A case study in Haikou City, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:187-192. [PMID: 30660261 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Authors. The article is a duplicate of a paper that has already been published in the Chinese language in the Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 34 (2018) 1091-1095. doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.12.005). One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that the paper has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. As such this article represents a misuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Yang
- College of Marine Science, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Lishui City Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Marine Science, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.
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24
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Wu J, Hu J, Wang S, Jin J, Wang R, Wang Y, Jin J. Levels, sources, and potential human health risks of PCNs, PCDD/Fs, and PCBs in an industrial area of Shandong Province, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:382-389. [PMID: 29453064 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are of public concern worldwide because of their persistence and toxicity. To address the human health risks of these pollutants and identify possible sources, soil samples were collected from an industrial area and surrounding residential area in Shandong Province, China. The PCN, PCDD/F, and PCB levels in these samples were determined. Extremely high concentrations of PCNs were detected in two soil samples, and their congener distributions were similar to those of a PCN industrial technical product. The levels of combustion-related PCNs and PCDD/Fs were high in samples collected near a secondary copper smelter. The distribution of total PCB concentrations was similar to that of PCNs. Both historical residues from industrial technical products and emissions from the secondary copper smelter were likely sources of PCNs and PCBs, whereas emissions from the smelter were the main source of PCDD/Fs. A soil sample from near the smelter had a high ΣTEQ concentration (PCDD/Fs + PCBs + PCNs = 18.33 pg TEQ/g) and carcinogenic risk (0.85 × 10-6) to workers. For all the other samples, the levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PCNs exhibited low carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks to workers and residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- College of Life and Environmetal Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - JiCheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmetal Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - ShiJie Wang
- College of Life and Environmetal Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - JingXi Jin
- College of Life and Environmetal Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Life and Environmetal Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life and Environmetal Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmetal Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing 100081, China
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