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Luque-Espinar JA, López-Chicano M, Pardo-Igúzquiza E, Chica-Olmo M. Using numerical methods for map the spatiotemporal geogenic and anthropogenic influences on the groundwater in a detrital aquifer in south Spain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120442. [PMID: 38442656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The presence of trace elements in water for domestic supply or irrigation could pose a significant toxic risk for health, due to direct consumption or bioaccumulation through the ingestion of vegetables irrigated with this water. This paper studies the presence of 41 trace elements plus nitrate and bromate in groundwater, using a multivariate statistical tool based on Principal Component Analysis and a geostatistical Kriging method to map the results. Principal Component Analysis revealed 11 significant principal components, which account for 82% and 81% of the total variance (information) respectively for the two dates analysed. Ordinary Kriging was applied to draw maps of the trace elements and PC scores. This research breaks new ground in terms of the large number of parameters used and in terms of the analysis of spatiotemporal variations in these parameters. The results obtained indicate that PC1 represents the natural quality of the aquifer (geogenic) and that there is little change in the average PC1 value between the two dates studied (June near the peak recharge point and November at the end of summer). Agriculture is the human activity that causes the greatest variations in the quality of the groundwater due to the use of fertilizers and due to watering crops with wastewater (PC7_J and PC5_N, June and November, respectively). Other elements of industrial origin, which are dangerous for human health, such as Pb, Cu and Cd, are grouped together in other principal components. The results show that the decline, or even complete absence, of natural recharge during the summer months leads to an increase in the TEs produced by human activity. This indicates that a temporary reduction in the natural recharge could worsen the quality of water resources. Based on the interpretation of the estimated maps, a synthetic map was created to show the spatial distribution of the areas affected by geogenic and anthropogenic factors. Studies with a global approach like this one are necessary in that the possible sources of pollution that could alter the quality of the groundwater and the amount of trace elements and other potentially harmful substances could increase as time goes by. The main advantage of the methodology proposed here is that it reduces the number of parameters, so simplifying the results. This makes it easier to interpret the results and manage the quality of the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Luque-Espinar
- Geological and Mining Institute of Spain from the National Research Council (CSIC-IGME), Urb Alcázar del Genil, edf Zulema 4 bajo, 18006, Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel López-Chicano
- Department of Geodynamics, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Mario Chica-Olmo
- Department of Geodynamics, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Ayyamperumal R, Kumari K, Gandhi MS, Huang X, Chengjun Z, Nazir N, Li F, Das P. Environmental hazard assessment and metal contamination in coastal sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139434. [PMID: 37487978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce contamination levels from diverse sources, it is important to understand the factors affecting the natural ecosystems that are impacted by coastal and marine pollution. In this study, we used GIS and remote sensing techniques to investigate and evaluate the distribution of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Pb, Co, and Cu) in surface sediments along Tamil Nadu's East Coast (from Besant Nagar to Sathurangapattinam). The CF and Igeo of metals indicate that sediments contain no evidence of Fe, Mn, or Zn metal pollution in the sediments, with only mild contamination from Co, Cu, and Pb. In contrast, the sediment samples were found to be significantly contaminated with Cr. Heavy metal contamination occurs in the following order, according to our research: Cr > Pb > Cu > Co > Mn > Zn > Fe. Except for sites 8, 10, 11, and 13, where PLI>1 implies that there is no pollution in this area, the PLI values show that most of the locations are contaminated. The ecological risk index (ERI) values for five metals in the study areas are as follows: Cr > Pb > Cu > Mn > Zn. The sediment samples fall into the low-risk and highly polluted to dangerous sediment categories for SPI, according to the Risk index (RI). Based on the Mean Effect Range-Median Quotient (M-ERM-Q), Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr metals in the research region have a 9-21% probability of being harmful. Statistical approaches show that the majority of heavy metals in sediments are of natural origin. The spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments provides the conceptual framework for practical strategies to protect coastal areas. Many shreds of evidence indicate that anthropogenic inputs from the surrounding land area are primarily responsible for the deposition of these heavy metals in the coastal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamoorthy Ayyamperumal
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, College of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province- 730000, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou-730000, PR China.
| | - Kajal Kumari
- Department of Earth Sciences, IISER, Kolkata, West Bengal- 700109, India
| | - M Suresh Gandhi
- Department of Geology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Madras,Guindy Campus, Chennai-600025, India
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou-730000, PR China
| | - Zhang Chengjun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, College of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province- 730000, PR China
| | - Nusrat Nazir
- MOE Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China, College of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province- 730000, PR China
| | - Fengjie Li
- School of History and Culture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province-730000.PR China
| | - Priyanko Das
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Abanyie SK, Apea OB, Abagale SA, Amuah EEY, Sunkari ED. Sources and factors influencing groundwater quality and associated health implications: A review. EMERGING CONTAMINANTS 2023; 9:100207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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Triassi M, Cerino P, Montuori P, Pizzolante A, Trama U, Nicodemo F, D’Auria JL, De Vita S, De Rosa E, Limone A. Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Southern Italy: Occurrence and Potential Adverse Effects on the Environment and Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1693. [PMID: 36767059 PMCID: PMC9914834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the data on the contamination caused by heavy metals in the groundwater of the Campania Plain (CP) in Southern Italy. A total of 1093 groundwater samples were obtained from the following aquifers: coastal plains (GAR, VCP, VES, SAR, and SEL), volcanic districts (PHLE and VES), and carbonate massifs (MAS and LAT). In this study, the investigation depth ranged from 5 m (GAR) to 200 m (PHLE). The sequence of heavy metal content in groundwater samples was B > Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Ba > Ni > As > Cu > V > Se > Pb > Cd. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal evaluation (HEI) demonstrated that the study areas in which groundwater samples were sampled are not risk zones. Moreover, health risk assessment shows that hazard index (HI) values for heavy metals were found to be significantly low in groundwater samples. In non-carcinogenic risk evaluation for the adult group, the risk was low, whereas for children and infants, the risk was >1 for arsenic alone. Carcinogenic risk assessment (CR) was found lower for adults, children, and infants. The Jenks optimization method was used to evaluate the distribution of heavy metals in the groundwater of CP, and the principal component analysis technique (PCA) was employed to determine the source of heavy metals, and it was found that mixed sources (natural and anthropogenic) may be responsible for heavy metals presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Sergio Pansini nº 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Sergio Pansini nº 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzolante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Ugo Trama
- General Directorate of Health, Campania Region, Centro Direzionale is. C3, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Nicodemo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Jacopo Luigi D’Auria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Sabato De Vita
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Elvira De Rosa
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Sergio Pansini nº 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Limone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute nº 2, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Geochemical Modeling Source Provenance, Public Health Exposure, and Evaluating Potentially Harmful Elements in Groundwater: Statistical and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116472. [PMID: 35682055 PMCID: PMC9180908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by potentially harmful elements (PHEs) originating from the weathering of granitic and gneissic rock dissolution poses a public health concern worldwide. This study investigated physicochemical variables and PHEs in the groundwater system and mine water of the Adenzai flood plain region, in Pakistan, emphasizing the fate distribution, source provenance, chemical speciation, and health hazard using the human health risk assessment HHRA-model. The average concentrations of the PHEs, viz., Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co, Fe, and Zn 0.23, were 0.27, 0.07, 0.30, 0.07, 0.06, 0.08, 0.68, and 0.23 mg/L, respectively. The average values of chemical species in the groundwater system, viz., H+, OH−, Ni2+, Mn2+, Mn3+, Cr3+, Cr6+, Cu+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Pb4+, Co2+, Co3+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+, were 1.0 × 10−4 ± 1.0 × 10−6, 1.0 × 10−4 ± 9.0 × 10−7, 2.0 × 10−1 ± 1.0 × 10−3, 3.0 × 10−1 ± 1.0 × 10−3, 1.0 × 10−22 ± 1.0 × 10−23, 4.0 × 10−6 ± 2.0 × 10−6, 4.0 × 10−11 ± 2.0 × 10−11, 9.0 × 10−3 ± 1.0 × 10−2, 2.0 × 10−1 ± 2.0 × 10−3, 7.0 × 10−2 ± 6.0 × 10−2, 5.0 × 10−2 ± 5.0 × 10−2, 2.0 × 10−2 ± 1.5 × 10−2, 6.0 × 10−2 ± 4.0 × 10−2, 8.0 × 10−31 ± 6.0 × 10−31, 3.0 × 10−1 ± 2.0 × 10−4, 4.0 × 10−10 ± 3.0 × 10−10, and 2.0 × 10−1 ± 1.0 × 10−1. The mineral compositions of PHEs, viz. Ni, were bunsenite, Ni(OH)2, and trevorite; Mn viz., birnessite, bixbyite, hausmannite, manganite, manganosite, pyrolusite, and todorokite; Cr viz., chromite and eskolaite; Cu viz., CuCr2O4, cuprite, delafossite, ferrite-Cu, and tenorite; Cd viz., monteponite; Pb viz, crocoite, litharge, massicot, minium, plattnerite, Co viz., spinel-Co; Fe viz., goethite, hematite, magnetite, wustite, and ferrite-Zn; and Zn viz., zincite, and ZnCr2O4 demarcated undersaturation and supersaturation. However, EC, Ca2+, K+, Na+, HCO3−, Cr, Cd, Pb, Co, and Fe had exceeded the WHO guideline. The Nemerow’s pollution index (NPI) showed that EC, Ca2+, K+, Na+, HCO3−, Mn, Cd, Pb, Co, and Fe had worse water quality. Principal component analysis multilinear regression (PCAMLR) and cluster analysis (CA) revealed that 75% of the groundwater contamination originated from geogenic inputs and 18% mixed geogenic-anthropogenic and 7% anthropogenic sources. The HHRA-model suggested potential non-carcinogenic risks, except for Fe, and substantial carcinogenic risks for evaluated PHEs. The women and infants are extremely exposed to PHEs hazards. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in children, males, and females had exceeded their desired level. The HHRA values of PHEs exhibited the following increasing pattern: Co > Cu > Mn > Zn > Fe, and Cd > Pb > Ni > Cr. The higher THI values of PHEs in children and adults suggested that the groundwater consumption in the entire region is unfit for drinking, domestic, and agricultural purposes. Thus, all groundwater sources need immediate remedial measures to secure health safety and public health concerns.
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Vinnarasi F, Srinivasamoorthy K, Saravanan K, Rajesh Kanna A, Gopinath S, Prakash R, Ponnumani G, Babu C. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and risk evaluation of potential toxic elements in groundwater from Shanmughanadhi, Tamilnadu, India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112199. [PMID: 34673025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogeochemical and Health Risk Assessments of trace elements are integral to groundwater resource assessment, utilization, and human health. Investigation of groundwater chemistry and trace elemental impact on local inhabitants were attempted in Shanmuganadhi basin, Tamilnadu, India. About 60 groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon period and analyzed for hydrochemical composition, including major and trace elements (Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu Pb, Mn, and As) to isolate chemical characteristics and human health risk assessment. Groundwater geochemistry is prejudiced by geochemical reactions uniting cation exchange, dissolution and precipitation, adsorption, and anthropogenic contributions. About thirty-two percent of groundwater samples recorded higher F-(>1.5 mg/L) than the prescribed limit suggests sources from rock weathering and silicate dissolution. Nitrates (>45.0 mg/L) suggest sources from agricultural influences. Water types indicate alkalis (Na+ + K+) dominating alkali earth (Ca2+ - Mg2+) and strong acids (Cl- and SO42-) looming weak acid (CO32- and HCO3-) irrespective of water samples. The geochemical stability diagram suggests precipitation of silica, carbonate, and magnesium and dissolution of sulphate minerals along the groundwater flow path. Significant correlation between major ions and trace elements (Pb, Mn, Ni, and Cu) suggests origin from rock weathering, human impacts, and cultivation practices. Non-carcinogenic human risk for trace elements was higher in children compared with adults via ingestion and dermal exposure. The carcinogenic result suggests that Cr in CHK (7.1 × 10-2) and HBG (4.3 × 10-2) have the most excellent chance of cancer risk. The environmental risk category attempted using Comprehensive risk factor (CRI) suggests Pb (3.2-CHK, 2.6-HBG) with potential cancer risk. The comprehensive evaluation index recommends environmental damage between mild to moderate, indicating continuous exposure of traceable elements might result in cancer cause to the inhabitants. The study suggests water quality seems to be prejudiced by various geological and anthropogenic causes and endorses counteractive measures and proper execution of existing laws to protect groundwater resources in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vinnarasi
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
| | - K Srinivasamoorthy
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - K Saravanan
- Soil Mechanics Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - A Rajesh Kanna
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - S Gopinath
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - R Prakash
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR- National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India
| | - G Ponnumani
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - C Babu
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
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De Jesus KLM, Senoro DB, Dela Cruz JC, Chan EB. Neuro-Particle Swarm Optimization Based In-Situ Prediction Model for Heavy Metals Concentration in Groundwater and Surface Water. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020095. [PMID: 35202281 PMCID: PMC8879014 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Limited monitoring activities to assess data on heavy metal (HM) concentration contribute to worldwide concern for the environmental quality and the degree of toxicants in areas where there are elevated metals concentrations. Hence, this study used in-situ physicochemical parameters to the limited data on HM concentration in SW and GW. The site of the study was Marinduque Island Province in the Philippines, which experienced two mining disasters. Prediction model results showed that the SW models during the dry and wet seasons recorded a mean squared error (MSE) ranging from 6 × 10−7 to 0.070276. The GW models recorded a range from 5 × 10−8 to 0.045373, all of which were approaching the ideal MSE value of 0. Kling–Gupta efficiency values of developed models were all greater than 0.95. The developed neural network-particle swarm optimization (NN-PSO) models for SW and GW were compared to linear and support vector machine (SVM) models and previously published deterministic and artificial intelligence (AI) models. The findings indicated that the developed NN-PSO models are superior to the developed linear and SVM models, up to 1.60 and 1.40 times greater than the best model observed created by linear and SVM models for SW and GW, respectively. The developed models were also on par with previously published deterministic and AI-based models considering their prediction capability. Sensitivity analysis using Olden’s connection weights approach showed that pH influenced the concentration of HM significantly. Established on the research findings, it can be stated that the NN-PSO is an effective and practical approach in the prediction of HM concentration in water resources that contributes a solution to the limited HM concentration monitored data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lawrence M. De Jesus
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (K.L.M.D.J.); (J.C.D.C.)
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Center, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Delia B. Senoro
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (K.L.M.D.J.); (J.C.D.C.)
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines
- Resiliency and Sustainable Development Center, Yuchengco Innovation Center, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines
- School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +63-2-8251-6622
| | - Jennifer C. Dela Cruz
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (K.L.M.D.J.); (J.C.D.C.)
- School of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Mapua University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Eduardo B. Chan
- Dyson College of Arts and Science, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA;
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Yuvaraja A, Elango L, RamyaPriya R, Gowrisankar G, Suganthi S. Seasonal changes in dissolved trace elements and human health risk in the upper and middle reaches of the Bhavani River, southern India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3629-3647. [PMID: 34392481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The surface water is a significant feature in the hydrological system and is a vital compound for life growth. Assessment of trace elements in the water bodies is essential since it poses huge threats to aquatic organisms and humans if present in high concentrations. This study was carried out to assess the seasonal changes in the dissolved trace elements concentration in Bhavani river, which is one of the major rivers of Tamil Nadu, southern India and also to assess the human health risk due to its consumption. A total of 46 surface water samples were collected along the river during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon of 2018 and were analyzed for various trace elements such as Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pb. The variation in trace element concentration is observed spatially, where higher concentration is found in samples from agricultural and urban areas than the samples from the undisturbed natural-mountain terrains. The results highlighted that the concentrations of trace elements differ temporally where the concentration is greater during the monsoon due to increased discharge of sewage and agricultural run off to the river. Multivariate statistical analysis indicates stronger relationship between trace elements and other physio-chemical parameters hinting that natural and anthropogenic sources alters the riverine chemistry. Thus, the rainfall-runoff characteristics along with lithology, topography, and landuse of the basin plays a dominant role in the seasonal variation of dissolved trace elements. The water quality index value shows "good/excellent" during pre-monsoon and "marginal/fair" during monsoon season and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index values were also low during both the seasons. The river water samples which defy these indices were found to be either from urban or agricultural lands. The oral and dermal ingestion health risk to adults was assessed, which indicates that the risks posed to humans by consumption of water were minimal. The trace metal concentration of the river was then compared with the other rivers of world and India, where it shows that Zn, Cu, and Ni concentration was higher in Bhavani than in most of the rivers. Thus, the study highlighted that the urban settlements and agricultural lands have a considerable influence on river quality thereby triggering the increase in trace element concentrations. Therefore, the study necessitates on the continuous monitoring of river along with adoption of stringent discharge protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Yuvaraja
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Lakshmanan Elango
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India.
| | - Ramesh RamyaPriya
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | | | - Sitthuraji Suganthi
- State Ground and Surface Water Resources Data Centre, Public Works Department, Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600113, India
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Iwar RT, Ogedengbe K, Katibi KK, Jabbo JN. Fluoride levels in deep aquifers of Makurdi, North-central, Nigeria: an appraisal based on multivariate statistics and human health risk analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:477. [PMID: 34232399 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride enrichment of groundwater has been adjudged to be a global environmental challenge in the past decade as most humans depend on groundwater for their domestic needs. This study was conducted to investigate the ionic and fluoride concentrations in borehole water and its associated health risk potentials to residents of Makurdi town and its environs, Benue state, Nigeria. Multivariate statistical techniques were for the first time used to explain the mechanisms of fluoride occurrence in groundwater in the study area. An aggregate of sixty-three (63) groundwater samples were retrieved from boreholes in twenty-one (21) diverse points within the study area and assessed for its physico-chemical composition with emphasis on fluoride content and health risk potentials following standard field and laboratory procedures. It was observed that fluoride content in the sampled water exceeded the stipulated safe limit of 1.5 mg/L in about 33.33% of the total samples and ranged from 0.34 to 2.06 mg/L with an average of 1.26 ± 0.41 mg/L. Moderate affirmative relationships were observed to exist between F- and TDS, F- and EC, F- and Cl-, and F- and NO3- in the water samples indicative of a common source pollution. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that high fluoride content in the water samples was associated with the dissolutions from quartzite and shale into the underlying deep aquifers as well as from contributions from anthropogenic activities including fertilizer and pesticide uses. Fluoride risk assessment indicated that the hazard quotient (HQ) for ingestion of fluoride laden water exceeded the threshold value in 66.7, 71.4, 52.4, and 9.5% of the samples for infants, children, teenagers, and adults respectively. It was found that multivariate statistical procedures such as PCA and correlation analysis (CA) are capable of establishing the relationship among groundwater pollutants, while hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was found suitable for explaining the likely sources/processes of pollutant enrichment in the groundwater. It is recommended that the findings of this study would serve as a basis for policy makers and regulatory bodies towards ameliorating the menace of groundwater contamination within the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Terungwa Iwar
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.
| | - Kola' Ogedengbe
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kamil Kayode Katibi
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Josiah Nuhu Jabbo
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Xiao J, Wang L, Chai N, Liu T, Jin Z, Rinklebe J. Groundwater hydrochemistry, source identification and pollution assessment in intensive industrial areas, eastern Chinese loess plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116930. [PMID: 33744787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is essential for regional ecological-economic system and is an important resource of drinking water, especially in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), where is a typical water-limited ecosystem. Groundwater quality deterioration will affect water security and exacerbate the water shortages. Groundwater hydrochemistry, pollution source apportionment, quality and health risks were evaluated based on analysis of major ions and selected trace elements in seasonal samples of the Fen River Basin (FRB) in the eastern CLP. Groundwaters in the FRB were mainly HCO3--Ca2+-Na+ water type with low dissolved solutes in upstream samples, high values in midstream samples and medium values in downstream samples. Solutes in upstream samples were mainly derived from carbonate weathering, while those in midstream and downstream samples came from silicate weathering, evaporites dissolution and anthropogenic sources. Self-organizing map (SOM) showed the hydrochemistry remained unchanged from dry to wet season for most sampling points. The seasonal variations of Ag, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Tl were significant due to anthropogenic input. High NO3- in upstream and downstream samples resulted primarily from sewage discharge, and high SO42- in midstream and downstream samples was from gypsum- and coal-related industries. In addition, anthropogenic input related to coal industries significantly aggravates pollution of As, Ni, Ag, Fe, and Mn. Influenced by evaporites and anthropogenic input, midstream samples had high salinity, total hardness and water quality indices (WQIs) and were unsuitable for irrigation or drinking purposes. Seasonal variation of WQI in the FRB was unsignificant except Jiaokou River sub-basin, where groundwater quality was worse in the wet season than the dry season due to coal mining. Great attention should be paid to the high non-carcinogenic risks of exposure to F, V, Mn, and Cr via dermal absorption, particularly for children. Overall, groundwater quality in the FRB was best in upstream, medium in midstream and worst in midstream based on different index. Groundwater quality is deteriorated by anthropogenic input and the sewage discharge in the FRB should be strictly controlled. Our report provides a reference for groundwater pollution evaluation and source identification in similar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ningpan Chai
- School of Water and Environmental, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zhangdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
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11
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Hossain M, Karmakar D, Begum SN, Ali SY, Patra PK. Recent trends in the analysis of trace elements in the field of environmental research: A review. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Karthikeyan S, Arumugam S, Muthumanickam J, Kulandaisamy P, Subramanian M, Annadurai R, Senapathi V, Sekar S. Causes of heavy metal contamination in groundwater of Tuticorin industrial block, Tamil Nadu, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18651-18666. [PMID: 33394431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the major freshwater resource in urban and rural areas of India that provides potable water. The quality evaluation of existing groundwater resources is vital and it's quantity for the optimal utilization and maintenance. The bounding coordinates of the selected study area of Tuticorin industrial area is between 8°38'24" and 8°51'0" latitude and between 77°54'36" and 78°12'36" longitude. Groundwater samples were collected as grid form at 40 locations during the pre- and postmonsoon seasons in the year 2017. Fe, Zn, Co, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Cu metal concentrations were determined using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer)-Perkin Elmer makes the model AAnalyst 200. Most of the groundwater samples were exceeded by the WHO 2008; USEPA 2009; and BIS 2012 guideline for drinking water standards. Further to assess the groundwater pollution status based on the heavy metal indices such as heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), degree of contamination (DOC), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI). Statistical analyses to found the appropriateness of groundwater for consumption and factors of contamination. The evaluation results indicate that groundwater is highly deteriorated and unsuitable for drinking in premonsoon period. While evaporation of water which increases the heavy metal concentration in premonsoon and dilution factor was affected in postmonsoon season. The increased concentration of heavy metals in groundwater might have been caused by evaporation, anthropogenic activities, and dissolution of rock formations which poses risk to human health. If this kind of growing contamination in the groundwater is unattended, it may lead to various health issues to the people from this region. Therefore, a consistent and sustainable water management should be carried out in this region in order to improve the groundwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Karthikeyan
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, India.
| | - Shanmugasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Geology, Malankara Catholic College, Manonmanium Sundaranar University, Kanyakumari, 629153, India
| | | | | | - Muthusamy Subramanian
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India
| | | | - Venkatramanan Senapathi
- Environmental Quality, Atmospheric Science and Climate Change Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 630003, Vietnam
| | - Selvam Sekar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India
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Douti NB, Amuah EEY, Abanyie SK, Amanin-Ennin P. Irrigation water quality and its impact on the physicochemical and microbiological contamination of vegetables produced from market gardening: a case of the Vea Irrigation Dam, U.E.R., Ghana. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:203-215. [PMID: 33901018 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rationale for this study was to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of the Vea irrigation water and resultant effects on the quality of fresh vegetables produced in the area and associated implications for consumers' health. A total of 45 water samples were collected from the reservoir and canals. Also, 16 vegetable samples comprising four samples each of tomatoes, carrots, spring onions, and cabbages were collected from four farms with installed irrigation systems fed by the Vea Dam. The irrigation water samples were analyzed for total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli, pH, and turbidity, while the samples of vegetables were analyzed for TC and FC, and E. coli. The results showed that except for pH, the bacterial loads and turbidity of the sampled vegetables and irrigation water were above the standards of the WHO and the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Food. Comparatively, the samples of cabbage recorded the highest levels of microbial contamination. The study suggests that the water should be treated before being used for irrigation; consumers should ensure that vegetables are properly washed and cooked/treated before consumption; and periodic monitoring and assessment should be done to ensure that the adverse effects of these activities are forestalled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nang Biyogue Douti
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CK-Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana E-mail:
| | - Ebenezer Ebo Yahans Amuah
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kojo Abanyie
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CK-Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana E-mail:
| | - Prince Amanin-Ennin
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CK-Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana E-mail:
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14
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Jin Z, Zhang L, Lv J, Sun X. The application of geostatistical analysis and receptor model for the spatial distribution and sources of potentially toxic elements in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:407-421. [PMID: 32989602 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the spatial patterns of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including the spatial distribution, spatial autocorrelation, and risk probability, and to quantify the sources of PTEs, to provide guidelines for soil management. Spatial distributions and probabilities of PTEs were determined by empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), while spatial autocorrelation was estimated by Moran's I. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was adopted for the quantitative source contributions of PTEs. More than 64.6% of Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni were derived from geogenic sources, with high regions and high-high clusters both correlated to sandstone. Thus, it can be deduced that parent materials dominated the spatial patterns of these PTEs. In addition, some hotspots were situated in urban areas, and the influence of human activities on these four PTEs should be considered. Industry-traffic discharge and parent materials both influenced As, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Nonetheless, the spatial patterns of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn were formed by anthropogenic emissions since hotspots and high-high clusters were contiguously situated in urban areas. 58.5% of Hg originated from atmospheric deposition related to industrial emissions, and 47.2% of Cd was controlled by the application of chemical fertilizers. High levels of Hg and Cd mainly corresponded with industrial sites and cultivated land, suggesting that industrial and geoponic production played major roles in the generation of spatial patterns for Hg and Cd, respectively. Furthermore, the Cd and Hg posed a severe risk to soils, with a high probability to surpass 1.5 times the backgrounds. The EBK, Moran's I, and PMF results showed that all ten PTEs were enriched to some degree due to natural or anthropogenic factors. The results of geostatistical analysis and the receptor model can be mutually verified, indicating the reliability of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Shandong Geo-Environmental Monitoring Station, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jianshu Lv
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Xuefei Sun
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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15
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Brindha K, Paul R, Walter J, Tan ML, Singh MK. Trace metals contamination in groundwater and implications on human health: comprehensive assessment using hydrogeochemical and geostatistical methods. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3819-3839. [PMID: 32601907 PMCID: PMC7641953 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the groundwater chemical composition and identifying the presence of pollutants is an integral part of any comprehensive groundwater management strategy. The present study was conducted in a part of West Tripura, northeast India, to investigate the presence and sources of trace metals in groundwater and the risk to human health due to direct ingestion of groundwater. Samples were collected from 68 locations twice a year from 2016 to 2018. Mixed Ca-Mg-HCO3, Ca-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl were the main groundwater types. Hydrogeochemical methods showed groundwater mineralization due to (1) carbonate dissolution, (2) silicate weathering, (3) cation exchange processes and (4) anthropogenic sources. Occurrence of faecal coliforms increased in groundwater after monsoons. Nitrate and microbial contamination from wastewater infiltration were apparent. Iron, manganese, lead, cadmium and arsenic were above the drinking water limits prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards. Water quality index indicated 1.5% had poor, 8.7% had marginal, 16.2% had fair, 66.2% had good and 7.4% had excellent water quality. Correlation and principal component analysis reiterated the sources of major ions and trace metals identified from hydrogeochemical methods. Human exposure assessment suggests health risk due to high iron in groundwater. The presence of unsafe levels of trace metals in groundwater requires proper treatment measures before domestic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brindha
- Hydrogeology Group, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799 022, India
| | - Julien Walter
- Department of Applied Sciences, Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales (CERM), Risk Resources Water (R2eau) Research Group, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Mou Leong Tan
- Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mahesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799 022, India
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16
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17
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Chen L, Ma T, Wang Y, Zheng J. Health risks associated with multiple metal(loid)s in groundwater: A case study at Hetao Plain, northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114562. [PMID: 32315822 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To compare the health risks of multiple metal(loid)s in groundwater, and discuss the feasibility of drinking water standards, 66 groundwater samples were collected from the Hetao Plain in October 2017. Eighteen metal(loid) species (boron (B), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lithium (Li), scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), rubidium (Rb), molybdenum (Mo), uranium (U)) were analyzed, and the related non-carcinogenic risks were assessed. The results showed that 83.3% of the groundwater samples had As and Fe contents above the maximum allowed contaminant levels (MCLs) in drinking water standards, followed by Mn (70.2%), B (65.2%), Se (60.6%), U (18.2%), Ni (18.2%) and Mo (1.50%). Compared with the dermal exposure pathway, oral ingestion made a risk contribution of more than 99% for all target metal(loid)s. Site-specific hazard quotient (HQ) values ranged from 2.30E+00 to 1.75E+02, indicating that multiple metal(loid)s in the drinking groundwater cause a serious non-carcinogenic risk to the local people. The risk contributions (mean value) were ranked as As (55.2%) > U (25.5%) > Li (10.8%) > other total metal(loid)s (8.60%), and the contributions of U and Li could reach 91.7% (site 20) and 69.8% (site 56), respectively. The calculation of specific health risks further indicated that the MCLs of metal(loid)s do not match the corresponding health risk well. Some metal(loid)s such as Li that showed high exposure risks in this study, still have no MCL values until now. Therefore, current drinking water standards need to be updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhu Chen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yanxin Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiejun Zheng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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18
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Mukherjee I, Singh UK, Singh RP, Kumari D, Jha PK, Mehta P. Characterization of heavy metal pollution in an anthropogenically and geologically influenced semi-arid region of east India and assessment of ecological and human health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135801. [PMID: 31838424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the heavy metal contamination in groundwater and associated ecological and human health risks of a geologically and anthropogenically diverse semi-arid region of Birbhum district, India. For a reliable evaluation, concentrations of nine heavy metals in 680 groundwater samples (N = 680) which were collected during premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons of consecutive two years from 170 wells were measured. The human health risk assessment using the USEPA model which is based on single value for each parameter may inherit certain inaccuracy and uncertainties in the evaluation. Unlike earlier studies, a higher degree of accuracy in carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risk assessments was achieved through Monte Carlo simulations, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis. The study revealed the occurrence of the target heavy metals in groundwater with mean dominance order of Fe > Zn > Sr > Mn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd where mean concentrations of the carcinogens, Pb and Fe exceeded their maximum permissible limits. The water quality status evaluated using the modified heavy metal pollution index, Nemerow index and Heavy metal evaluation index methods resulted in medium to high heavy metal contamination in groundwater within a large portion of the study area which indicated its unsuitability for drinking purpose. The study suspects a moderate to very high risk for the groundwater dependent ecosystems in major part of the study area. The study further revealed cancer risks, ranging from high to very high within the residents due to accumulative exposure of the carcinogenic heavy metals in groundwater through ingestion and dermal contact. Minor populations of the study area were found to be more vulnerable to the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic diseases than teenagers and adults, mainly through oral exposure. The study recommends the residents to consume treated groundwater since the primary route of heavy metal exposure was identified to be the ingestion route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Singh
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India; Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, Bihar, India.
| | - Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepa Kumari
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Allahabad, India
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Jammu, District Samba, 181143, J&K, India
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Hossain M, Patra PK. Contamination zoning and health risk assessment of trace elements in groundwater through geostatistical modelling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:110038. [PMID: 31812017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) concentration in groundwater is a key factor for health risk assessment (HRA). To achieve high level of accuracy in HRA, the present study performed Monte Carlo simulations, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis to a total of 184 (N = 184) groundwater samples, collected during December 2016 from Birbhum district. TEs in samples were detected by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The mean concentration of TEs were found as Fe (855.88 μg/L)> Zn (204.0 μg/L)> Cu(84.9 μg/L)> Ni(47.31 μg/L)> Pb(14.43 μg/L)> Co(10.58 μg/L)> Cd (7.88 μg/L). It indicated serious contamination by Fe, Cd. Pb and Ni according BIS, 2012. Pollution indicators such as heavy metal pollution index (HPI) revealed that study area is heavily contaminated by these TEs. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) value of TEs showed that Cd is the main offender for cancer risk. Average value of total hazard index (THI), was found to be 2.48. THI through ingestion pathways was found to be more risky than dermal contacts accounting for 88% and 12% health hazard respectively. The sensitivity analysis indicated ingestion rate, exposure time, and TEs concentration were the most influential parameters for all groundwater associated health hazards. The TEs affected areas were mapped through Empirical Bayesian Kriging geostatistical model and health risk prone zones were projected. The study demonstrated that Monte Carlo simulation and EBK can provide better accuracy in health risks prediction and spatial distribution analysis of contaminants in any geographical area. The TEs and their hazard zonation mapping with geostatistical modelling will be helpful for the policy makers and researchers to improve groundwater quality management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobarok Hossain
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Pulak Kumar Patra
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India.
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20
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Jehan S, Khattak SA, Muhammad S, Ali L, Rashid A, Hussain ML. Human health risks by potentially toxic metals in drinking water along the Hattar Industrial Estate, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2677-2690. [PMID: 31836981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the contamination of drinking water sources with potentially toxic metals (PTMs) together with some hydrochemical characteristics in the highly populated industrial zone of Pakistan. For this purpose, drinking (n = 40) and surface (n = 20) water samples were collected and analyzed for PTM using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS, PerkinElmer-700, USA). The metals, including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), showed significantly (p = 0.05) higher concentrations than their respective limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) in drinking water. The chronic daily intake (CDI) and human hazard quotient (HQ) were also evaluated. The highest daily intake through drinking water consumption was found for Ni (4.3 μg/kg/day), while lowest for Cd (0.25 μg/kg/day). The highest hazard quotient values were found for Cd (0.33) and Ni (0.29) that could be attributed to industrial wastewater discharge. Higher CDI and HQ values of Ni and Cd may cause chronic human health problems. According to the Chadha Piper diagram, the hydrochemical facies distribution indicated that water trend in the study area followed an order such as follows: Ca-Mg-Cl < Na-Cl < Ca-HCO3 < Na-HCO3. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the elevated levels of PTM were attributed to industrial wastewater discharge. This study provides baseline information for policy makers and the effective management of water in populated industrialized zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Jehan
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Seema Anjum Khattak
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 245320, Pakistan
| | - Mian Luqman Hussain
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
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21
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Kumar A, Singh CK. Arsenic enrichment in groundwater and associated health risk in Bari doab region of Indus basin, Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113324. [PMID: 31672362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated groundwater is considered as one of the most important pathways of human exposure to the geogenic contaminants. Present study has been conducted in a part of Indus basin to investigate the presence and spatial distribution of arsenic (As) and other trace metals in groundwater. The As concentration varies from bdl-255.6 μg/L and 24.6% of the 73 collected groundwater samples have As above world health organization (WHO) guideline of 10 μg/L. High concentration of As is found along the newer alluvium of Ravi River. As is found with high bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Iron (Fe) and low nitrate (NO3-) indicating reductive dissolution of Fe bearing minerals. However, silicate weathering along with high sulphate (SO42) and positive oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) indicates mixed redox conditions. Weathering of minerals along with other major hydrogeochemical process are responsible for composition of groundwater. With 31.5% of the samples, sodium bicarbonate (Na-HCO3) is the major water facies followed by magnesium bicarbonate (Mg-HCO3) in 30% of samples. As, Fe and other trace metals including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) were used to calculate the health risk for children and adults in the region. Out of 73 samples, 58% has high Fe, 32.8% has high Zn, and 4.1% has high Cd which are above the prescribed limits of WHO guidelines. Health risk of the population has been assessed using chronic dose index (CDI), hazardous quotients (HQ) and hazardous index (HI) for children and adults. The mean CDI values follows the order as Fe > Zn > Cu > As > Cr > Cd, while the HQ values indicates high As hazards for both children and adults. 43.8% of the groundwater samples have high HI for adults, however, 49.3% has high HI for children indicating higher risk for children compared to adults. A large-scale testing should be prioritized to test the wells for As and other trace metals in the study region to reduce health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Chander Kumar Singh
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India.
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Emenike PC, Tenebe I, Ogarekpe N, Omole D, Nnaji C. Probabilistic risk assessment and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in groundwater sources in Southwestern Nigeria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15920. [PMID: 31685938 PMCID: PMC6828721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the concentration of potentially toxic heavy metals (PTHM) in groundwater sources (hand-dug wells and boreholes), spatial distribution, source apportionment, and health risk impact on local inhabitants in Ogun state. One hundred and eight water samples from 36 locations were analysed for Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca and Al. Mean values of 0.013, 0.003, 0.010, 0.088, 0.004 and 3.906 mg/L were obtained for Pb, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Al respectively at Iju district. Meanwhile, the average values of Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Al concentrations at Atan district were 0.008, 0.0023, 0.011, 0.003, and 1.319 mg/L respectively. Results also revealed that the 44.4% and 11.13% of the borehole and well-water samples surpassed the World Health Organization limits for Pb at Atan. In Iju, the concentration of Pb and Al were relatively high, exceeding the stipulated standard in 100% of the samples. The Multivariate statistical analysis employed produced principal factors that accounted for 78.674% and 86.753% of the variance at Atan and Iju region respectively. Based on this, PTHM were traced to geogenic sources (weathering, dissolution, leaching) and anthropogenic emissions from industrial activities. In addition, the hazard quotient values obtained from the health risk assessment identified potential non-carcinogenic risk due to Pb via ingestion route. Ni was found to have high carcinogenic risk on adult and children, having exceeded the threshold limit. The outcome of the carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that 88.67% (for adults) and 1.12% (for children) of the cancer risk values surpassed the specified limits at Iju, whereas the cancer risk values were considerably lesser at Atan. In conclusion, the report of this study should serve as a beacon that will spark up strategic planning, comprehensive water resource management, and extensive treatment schemes in order to address the health complications linked with environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imokhai Tenebe
- Ingram School of Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Nkpa Ogarekpe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - David Omole
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Chidozie Nnaji
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.,Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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The effect of geochemical processes on groundwater in the Velenje coal basin, Slovenia: insights from mineralogy, trace elements and isotopes signatures. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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24
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Mukherjee I, Singh UK, Patra PK. Exploring a multi-exposure-pathway approach to assess human health risk associated with groundwater fluoride exposure in the semi-arid region of east India. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:164-173. [PMID: 31173954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human health risks associated with groundwater fluoride have been assessed using USEPA method in few parts of India, but those assessments were conducted based on a single value for each parameter, which may lead to certain inaccuracy and uncertainties in results. In this study, a higher degree of accuracy in health risk assessment was achieved through Monte Carlo simulations, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis. As fluoride hazards to human health are chronic, a total of 4560 water samples (N = 4560) were collected during consecutive four seasons (2 pre-monsoon and 2 post-monsoon seasons; 1140 samples/season) from the entire Birbhum district, covering all the blocks and geological settings to obtain the spatiotemporal variation of fluoride level. The Empirical Bayesian Kriging geostatistical model was employed to determine fluoride endemic areas. Amongst all blocks, Nalhati-1 had exhibited the highest fluoride level (18.25 mg/L). The study revealed that most of the blocks are vulnerable to groundwater fluoride due to its occurrences in excess level. The average and 95th percentile values of total hazard index indicate that the infants and children populations of the district are more susceptible than the adults and teens. The sensitivity analysis revealed that water ingestion rate and fluoride concentration are the most influential parameters for higher risk of fluoride-related health hazards. Health risks were evaluated through ingestion and dermal exposure routes for infants, children, teens, and adult residents. The exposure was much higher through ingestion than dermal contacts. Ingestion of defluoridated water will reduce the health risks associated with groundwater fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Singh
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pulak Kumar Patra
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
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25
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Spatiotemporal Water Quality Variations in Smaller Water Supply Systems: Using Modified CCME WQI from Groundwater Source to Distribution Networks. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Original Canadian Council of Minster of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) is being used for assessing the water quality of surface water sources and distribution systems on a case by case basis. Its full potential as a management tool for complete water supply systems (WSSs) has yet to be recognized at the global level. A framework is developed using the modified CCME WQI to assess spatiotemporal water quality from groundwater source to treatment and distribution networks in smaller systems. The modified index resolves a limitation of the original index by also evaluating the microbiological water quality parameters which have to be completely absent for meeting desired drinking water quality standards. The framework divides the distribution network in different zones, which are further segregated into districts, to improve the decision-making process. Temporal assessment identifies the seasons with higher probabilities of failures, while the spatial assessment provides an insight on the performance (i.e., Excellent to Poor) of each district in a distribution network. In addition to failure probability, risk mapping gives appropriate attention to the number of consumers in different districts. Application of the framework on two smaller WSSs (population less than 50,000) in Qassim region revealed that the remotely located districts from the treatment facility underperform in comparison to the closely situated districts. Managers can effectively apply the proposed framework to identify the locations and periods of water quality failures in each component (i.e., source, treatment, and distribution) of a smaller WSS for effective utilization of their resources in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere with similar conditions.
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Tudi M, Phung DT, Ruan HD, Yang LS, Guo HJ, Connell D, Sadler R, Chu C. Difference of trace element exposed routes and their health risks between agriculture and pastoral areas in Bay County Xinjiang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14073-14086. [PMID: 30850985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentration level related to toxicities of trace elements in drinking water, rice, wheat flour, and their associated negative impacts on human health have become an emergent issue in China. Because Xinjiang is the largest province in China with the majority of arable pasture land available for cultivation, it is important to analyze the concentrations of trace elements in relation to their toxicities in water, rice, and wheat flour and to investigate the health risk differences between agricultural and pastoral areas in Bay County, Xinjiang. The study results showed that (1) metal concentrations from drinking water, rice, and wheat flour were within the permissible limits; (2) concentration levels of trace elements and their total risk from drinking water and rice were higher in the agricultural areas than those in the pastoral areas, whereas concentration levels of trace elements and their total risk from wheat flour were higher in the pastoral areas than those in the agricultural areas; (3) the concentration level of the trace elements in rice were higher than in the wheat flour, but the risk from the wheat flour was higher than the risk from rice; (4) total non-cancer risk from the flour (HIf) in both areas exceeded the respective safe reference doses; (5) total cancer risk from the wheat flour, rice, and water exceeded the safety limit (1 × 10-4); (6) for the exposed population, arsenic was suggested as the most evident pollutant leading to carcinogenic concerns regarding the water, rice, and wheat flour; (7) the risk index from the wheat flour made up the highest percentage both in the total cancer risk and the non-cancer risk, followed by rice and then water; and (8) the human health risk was attributed to influence from the local environment in the agriculture areas, while it was attributed to the external environment in the pastoral areas. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyesaier Tudi
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, 170 Kessel Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessel Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dung Tri Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, 170 Kessel Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Huada Daniel Ruan
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, 2000 Jintong Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin-Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hai-Jun Guo
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, 170 Kessel Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Des Connell
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessel Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Ross Sadler
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, 170 Kessel Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, 170 Kessel Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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Multivariate statistical approach and water quality assessment of natural springs and other drinking water sources in Southeastern Nigeria. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01123. [PMID: 30723819 PMCID: PMC6351391 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This baseline study investigated the physico-chemical and trace elements (including potentially toxic elements, PTEs) contents of ground and surface water sources used for domestic purposes in some districts within the shale bedrock terrain of Southeastern Nigeria. A total of 124 water samples from 13 natural springs, 24 streams, 80 boreholes and 7 hand-dug wells were collected from rural and urban areas and analysed by ICP-OES, GF-AAS and CV-AFS for 21 elements. The distribution pattern, sources of contamination, health risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), together with water quality index were investigated. The results were compared with national and international guidelines for drinking water. Al and Fe were implicated as the dominant pollutants in the water bodies. Water quality index (WQI) indicated that all the water sources had either excellent or good water quality (WQ) with the exception of a borehole, which had poor WQ. Different multivariate statistical approaches applied to evaluate the origins of the elements in the water bodies identified six source types that accounted for 70.88% of the total variance. Anthropogenic activities were considered to contribute much of Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Li and P, while Al, As, Co, Fe, Se, Ni, Y and V were likely from crustal materials, minerals and ores, and natural environments. Both anthropogenic and natural sources accounted for the Hg, Mn and Zn. Cluster analysis (CA) was adopted to classify 124 sample points into two groups of water pollution, reflecting influences from crustal materials and anthropogenic sources. From the result of hazard quotient and index (HQ/HI), there is little or no health risks arising from PTEs in using water from the region.
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28
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Li L, Wu J, Lu J, Min X, Xu J, Yang L. Distribution, pollution, bioaccumulation, and ecological risks of trace elements in soils of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:345-353. [PMID: 30278396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental quality of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has attracted more attention due to increasing anthropogenic disturbance. Therefore, this study investigated the distribution, pollution, ecological risks, and bioaccumulation of 12 target heavy metals and 16 rare earth elements (REEs) in soils of this area. The average concentrations of target trace elements in soils ranged from 0.16 (Hg) to 500.46 (Cr) mg/kg. Pb caused more serious pollution than the other elements based on geo-accumulation index evaluation. Hg exhibited the strongest enrichment feature with the average enrichment factor of 8.41. Compare with modified contamination degree and pollution load index, Nemerow pollution index method obtained the most serious evaluation results that 45.67% and 16.54% of sampling sites possessed high and moderate pollution. Evaluation results of potential ecological risk index showed that trace elements in soils posed very high and considerable ecological risks in 34.65% and 7.09% of sampling sites, respectively. Mining area was the region with the most serious pollution and ecological risks. Average bioaccumulation factor (BCF) values of target trace elements ranged from 0.05 (REEs) to 2.67 (Cr). Cr was the element that was easier to bio-accumulate in plants of the study area than the other target elements. It is in urgent need to take effective measures for controlling current pollution and potential ecological risks of trace elements in soils of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xiuyun Min
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Long Yang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
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29
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Wang L, Zhao Y, Ou P, Shi W. Establishing a method to assess comprehensive effect of gradient variation human health risk to metal speciation in groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:887-899. [PMID: 29920467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A method was proposed to evaluate comprehensive effects of pHs and total metal concentration (TMC) variation for metal speciation human health risk in groundwater. The method used for the health assessment considered comprehensive and mutative effects caused by oral ingestion of groundwater based on human health risk assessment model and MINTEQ simulation. The results demonstrated that the dissolution rate of Ni2+ was affected by pH and Ni total concentration (total-Ni). With the increase of pH, the Ni2+ dissolved rate was smaller in the higher total-Ni at same pH. Ni2+ was dominant components contributed to health risk in groundwater. With the increase of pH in various total-Ni, HINi keep constant at first, and then decreased gradually. The HINi values of Ni speciation above acceptable level only in high total-Ni with alkaline conditions. The obtained results to verify that metals speciation were determined in health risk, and variation factors (pH and metal total concentration) played important role in risk estimation. These results provide basic information of heavy metal pollution control as well as remediation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Function Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Function Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Function Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China
| | - Yalong Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Function Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China
| | - Ping Ou
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - WeiLin Shi
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
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Samuel OA, Theophilus TI, Praise God EC, Winifred AU. Computation of human health risk in surface water in Ado-Odo Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Data Brief 2018; 19:1574-1583. [PMID: 30229030 PMCID: PMC6141265 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals find their way into surface and groundwater due to degrading environmental conditions, and as such consistent monitoring to avoid the adverse health implications associated with the consumption of polluted water is required. This study examined the concentrations for Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Arsenic (As) in the Surface water of River Balogun in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria during the wet season and estimated the human health risk resulting from prolonged consumption by children and adult of dissimilar age groups without treatment. Although there were persistent occurrence of Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Arsenic (As) in all stations sampled, the health risk assessment conducted revealed that both population groups are more likely to be affected by high concentration levels of Arsenic than any other Heavy metal present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogbiye A Samuel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Tenebe I Theophilus
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emenike C Praise God
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.,School of Water, Energy and Environment, Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anake U Winifred
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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31
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Jampani M, Huelsmann S, Liedl R, Sonkamble S, Ahmed S, Amerasinghe P. Spatio-temporal distribution and chemical characterization of groundwater quality of a wastewater irrigated system: A case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1089-1098. [PMID: 29913571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater irrigation is a common livelihood practice in many parts of the developing world. With the continuous irrigation supply, groundwater systems in these regions perceive adverse impacts due to inadequate infrastructure to treat the wastewater. The current study area, Musi River irrigation system, is one such case study located in the peri-urban Hyderabad of South India. The Musi River water, which is used for irrigation, is composed of untreated and secondary treated wastewater from Hyderabad city. Kachiwani Singaram micro-watershed in the peri-urban Hyderabad is practicing wastewater irrigation for the last 40 years. The current quality of (untreated) wastewater used for irrigation is expected to have adverse impacts on the local aquifers, but detailed investigations are lacking. To elucidate the groundwater quality dynamics and seasonality of the wastewater irrigation impacts on the peri-urban agricultural system, we analyzed the groundwater quality on a monthly basis for one hydrological year in the wastewater and groundwater irrigated areas, which exist next to each other. The spatio-temporal variability of groundwater quality in the watershed was analyzed with respect to wastewater irrigation and seasonality using multivariate statistical analysis, multi-way modeling and self-organizing maps. This study indicates the significance of combining various statistical techniques for detailed evaluation of the groundwater processes in a wastewater irrigated agricultural system. The results suggest that concentrations of the major ionic substances increase after the monsoon season, especially in wastewater irrigated areas. Multi-way modeling identified the major polluted groundwaters to come from the wastewater irrigated parts of the watershed. Clusters of chemical variables identified by using self-organizing maps indicate that groundwater pollution is highly impacted by mineral interactions and long-term wastewater irrigation. The study recommends regular monitoring of water resources and development of sustainable management strategies to mitigate the aquifer pollution in wastewater irrigation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Jampani
- United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Resources and Material Fluxes (UNU-FLORES), Ammonstraße 74, 01067 Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Groundwater Management, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stephan Huelsmann
- United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Resources and Material Fluxes (UNU-FLORES), Ammonstraße 74, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rudolf Liedl
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Groundwater Management, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sahebrao Sonkamble
- CSIR - National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- CSIR - National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Priyanie Amerasinghe
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 127 Sunil Mawatha, Pelawatte, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Emenike CP, Tenebe IT, Jarvis P. Fluoride contamination in groundwater sources in Southwestern Nigeria: Assessment using multivariate statistical approach and human health risk. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:391-402. [PMID: 29579670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the ionic and fluoride concentrations in tap water and its associated health risk to local dwellers of Ogun State (Abeokuta south), Nigeria. 63 samples were collected from twenty-one different locations. Results obtained revealed the mean concentration of fluoride (F-) as 1.23 mg/L. Other water quality parameters such as total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), F-, Fe2+, and SO42- surpassed the WHO guidance for drinking water. Strong positive correlation was observed between F- and TDS; F- and pH; TDS and EC; TDS and Mg2+; TDS and SO42-; TDS and HCO3-; EC and HCO3-; EC and SO42-; Na+ and Cl-; SO42- and Cl-. In addition, Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) model was employed to spatially distribute the concentration of the analyzed elements within the study region. The chronic daily dose (CDD) and hazard quotient (HQ) were also used to evaluate the health risk associated with F-, considering dermal and ingestion as pathways. The results revealed that the associated HQ for infants between the age range of 6-12months within about 91% of the study region surpassed the accepted HQ limit. However, the HQ for age categories 11-16years; >65years; 18-21years; 21years; 16-18years within 95.2%, 90.5%, 80.95% and 100% of the study location were less than 1. Conclusively, the HQ values obtained in this study should serve as a baseline information for water management authorities, policymakers and the society at large towards addressing these pollution issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie PraiseGod Emenike
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0TE, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Peter Jarvis
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0TE, United Kingdom.
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Yu S, Lu H. Relationship between urbanisation and pollutant emissions in transboundary river basins under the strategy of the Belt and Road Initiative. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:11-20. [PMID: 29604425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urbanisation has increased the discharge of pollutants, altered water flow regimes, and modified the morphology of transboundary river basins. All these actions have resulted in multiple pressures on aquatic ecosystems of transboundary river basins, undermining the healthy development of their aquatic ecosystems as well as impairing the sustainable economic and social development associated therewith. Quantifying the relationship between socio-economic factors, and water environment systems, and understanding the multiple pressures in their combined impact on environmental fairness of transboundary river basins is challenging, and it is crucial to the strategic planning of the Belt and Road strategy. Here, the Songhua River basin, which is the largest branch of the China-Russia boundary river is taken as the study area. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model, which is coupled with the integrated model (pollutant emissions intensity, pollutant discharge efficiency, and pollutant emissions per capita), are used to reveal the spatio-temporal variations in regional pollutant emissions in the SRB. The results show that the features of the EKC are present in the pollutant emissions during economic development of the SRB. It also demonstrates that the turning point value of the EKC appeared when the GDP per capita is around ¥40,000 (CNY) in the SRB, which means that the pollutant emissions show an increasing trend, when the GDP per capita is less than ¥40,000. Our findings could contribute to a better understanding of the coupling relationship between pollutant emissions in transboundary river basins and urbanisation process in water stress to help address water allocation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yu
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sicence, Beijing, 100101, China.
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34
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Samuel OA, PraiseGod EC, Theophilus TI, Omolola KC. Human health risk assessment data of trace elements concentration in tap water-Abeokuta South, Nigeria. Data Brief 2018; 18:1416-1426. [PMID: 29900322 PMCID: PMC5997959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Constant drinking water monitoring schemes are necessary because hazardous substances tend to enter water bodies through geodetic and anthropogenic sources. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the human health risk assessment posed by high fluoride and iron concentration in tap water used for domestic activities and consumption. In this study, the concentration of fluoride in tap water varied at different locations, ranging from 0.48 mg/L to 1.84 mg/L with an average value of 1.23 mg/L while that of iron ranged from 0.02 to 2.96 mg/L. The cluster analysis displayed three popular groups in which the samples can be classified. The non-carcinogenic risk was determined with defined methods outlined by US EPA considering dermal and ingestion pathways. Total Hazard Index greater than 0.8 for fluoride consumption in the analyzed locations was obtained from location R16, R17, R15, R4, and R6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogbiye A Samuel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emenike C PraiseGod
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.,School of Water, Energy and Environment, Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Tenebe I Theophilus
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Kafi C Omolola
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
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