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Zhang S, Zhang F, Cai L, Xu N, Zhang C, Yadav V, Zhou X, Wu X, Zhong H. Visual observation of polystyrene nano-plastics in grape seedlings of Thompson Seedless and assessing their effects via transcriptomics and metabolomics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135550. [PMID: 39173388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nano-plastics (MNPs) are emerging non-point source pollutants that have garnered increasing attention owing to their threat to ecosystems. Studies on the effects of MNPs on horticultural crops are scarce. Specifically, whether MNPs can be absorbed and transported by grapevines have not been reported. To fill this gap, we added polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 100 nm) to a hydroponic environment and observed their distribution in grape seedlings of Thompson Seedless (TS, Vitis vinifera L.). After 15 d of exposure, plastic nanospheres were detected on the cell walls of the roots, stems, and leaves using confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This indicated that PS-NPs can also be absorbed by the root system through the epidermis-cortex interface in grapevines and transported upward along the xylem conduit. Furthermore, we analyzed the molecular response mechanisms of TS grapes to the PS-NPs. Through the measurement of relevant indicators and combined omics analysis, we found that plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and MAPK signaling pathway biosynthesis played crucial roles in its response to PS-NPs. The results not only revealed the potential risk of MNPs being absorbed by grapevines and eventually entering the food chain but also provided valuable scientific evidence and data for the assessment of plant health and ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- College of grass industry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Na Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Chuan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Vivek Yadav
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Xinyu Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Haixia Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.
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Mao H, Yang H, Xu Z, Peng Q, Yang S, Zhu L, Yang Y, Li Z. Responses of submerged macrophytes to different particle size microplastics and tetracycline co-pollutants at the community and population level. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132994. [PMID: 37988943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, and their accumulation and combined effects are considered emerging threats that may affect biodiversity and ecosystem function. The particle size of microplastics plays an important role in their combined effects with antibiotics. Submerged macrophytes are crucial in maintaining the health and stability of freshwater ecosystems. However, little is known about the combined effects of different particle size of MPs and antibiotics on freshwater plants, particularly their effects on submerged macrophyte communities. Thus, there is an urgent need to study their effects on the macrophyte communities to provide essential information for freshwater ecosystem management. In the present study, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to explore the effects of three particle sizes (5 µm, 50 µm, and 500 µm) of polystyrene-microplastics (PSMPs) (75 mg/L), tetracycline (TC) (50 mg/L), and their co-pollutants on interactions between Hydrilla verticillata and Elodea nuttallii. Our results showed that the effects of MPs are size-dependent on macrophytes at the community level rather than at the population level, and that small and medium sized MPs can promote the growth of the two test macrophytes at the community level. In addition, macrophytes at the community level have a stronger resistance to pollutant stress than those at the population level. Combined exposure to MPs and TC co-pollutants induces species-specific responses and antagonistic toxic effects on the physio-biochemical traits of submerged macrophytes. Our study provides evidence that MPs and co-pollutants not only affect the morphology and physiology at the population level but also the interactions between macrophytes. Thus, there are promising indications on the potential consequences of MPs and co-pollutants on macrophyte community structure, which suggests that future studies should focus on the effects of microplastics and their co-pollutants on aquatic macrophytes at the community level rather than only at the population level. This will improve our understanding of the profound effects of co-pollutants in aquatic environments on the structure and behavior of aquatic communities and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhiyan Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qiutong Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shiwen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhongqiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Lee JW, Shim I, Park K. Proposing Effective Ecotoxicity Test Species for Chemical Safety Assessment in East Asia: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 38250986 PMCID: PMC10819827 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
East Asia leads the global chemical industry, but environmental chemical risk in these countries is an emerging concern. Despite this, only a few native species that are representative of East Asian environments are listed as test species in international guidelines compared with those native to Europe and America. This review suggests that Zacco platypus, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Hydrilla verticillata, Neocaridina denticulata spp., and Scenedesmus obliquus, all resident to East Asia, are promising test species for ecotoxicity tests. The utility of these five species in environmental risk assessment (ERA) varies depending on their individual traits and the state of ecotoxicity research, indicating a need for different applications of each species according to ERA objectives. Furthermore, the traits of these five species can complement each other when assessing chemical effects under diverse exposure scenarios, suggesting they can form a versatile battery for ERA. This review also analyzes recent trends in ecotoxicity studies and proposes emerging research issues, such as the application of alternative test methods, comparative studies using model species, the identification of specific markers for test species, and performance of toxicity tests under environmentally relevant conditions. The information provided on the utility of the five species and alternative issues in toxicity tests could assist in selecting test species suited to study objectives for more effective ERA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wuk Lee
- Research of Environmental Health, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea; (I.S.); (K.P.)
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Li R, Tu C, Li L, Wang X, Yang J, Feng Y, Zhu X, Fan Q, Luo Y. Visual tracking of label-free microplastics in wheat seedlings and their effects on crop growth and physiology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131675. [PMID: 37236113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microplastics on crop plants have attracted growing attention. However, little is known about the effects of microplastics and their extracts on the growth and physiology of wheat seedlings. In this study, hyperspectral-enhanced dark field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to accurately track the accumulation of 200 nm label-free polystyrene microplastics (PS) in wheat seedlings. The PS accumulated along the root xylem cell wall and in the xylem vessel member and then moved toward to the shoots. In addition, lower concentration (≤ 5 mg·L-1) of microplastics increased root hydraulic conductivity by 80.6 %- 117.0 %. While higher PS treatment (200 mg·L-1) considerably decreased plant pigments content (chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll) by 14.8 %, 19.9 %, and 17.2 %, respectively, and decreased root hydraulic conductivity by 50.7 %. Similarly, catalase activity was reduced by 17.7 % in root and 36.8 % in shoot. However, extracts from the PS solution showed no physiological effect on wheat. The result confirmed that it was the plastic particle, rather than the chemical reagents added in the microplastics, contributed to the physiological variation. These data will benefit to better understanding on the behavior of microplastics in soil plants, and to providing of convincing evidence for the effects of terrestrial microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yudong Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaohui Fan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Wu M, Liu H, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhu T, Sun M. Physiology and transcriptome analysis of the response mechanism of Solidago canadensis to the nitrogen addition environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1005023. [PMID: 36866368 PMCID: PMC9971938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solidago canadensis is an invasive plant that can adapt to variable environmental conditions. To explore the molecular mechanism of the response to nitrogen (N) addition conditions in S. canadensis, physiology and transcriptome analysis were performed with samples that cultured by natural and three N level conditions. Comparative analysis detected many differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the function of plant growth and development, photosynthesis, antioxidant, sugar metabolism and secondary metabolism pathways. Most genes encoding proteins involved in plant growth, circadian rhythm and photosynthesis were upregulated. Furthermore, secondary metabolism-related genes were specifically expressed among the different groups; for example, most DEGs related to phenol and flavonoid synthesis were downregulated in the N-level environment. Most DEGs related to diterpenoid and monoterpenoid biosynthesis were upregulated. In addition, many physiological responses, such as antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents, were elevated by the N environment, which was consistent with the gene expression levels in each group. Collectively, our observations indicated that S. canadensis may be promoted by N deposition conditions with the alteration of plant growth, secondary metabolism and physiological accumulation.
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Early response of Solanum nigrum L. to Lumax and castor oil combination in relation to antioxidant activity, osmolyte concentration and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:409. [PMID: 36624299 PMCID: PMC9829861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. (Black nightshade), is one of the most troublesome weeds of summer crops such as corn, soybean, sunflower, etc. To study the effect of combined Castor oil as an adjuvant with different doses of Lumax (Mesotrion + S-metolacholor + Terbuthylazine) on the physiological behavior of Solanum nigrum L., a greenhouse experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications in agricultural faculty of the University of Tabriz in 2021. A foliar application of Lumax increased proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activity. The content of protein and photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) also decreased significantly by using Lumax herbicide. Applying castor oil in combination with Lumax intensifies oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Results showed that by increasing the herbicide doses in comparison with control (non-herbicide), Area, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, Sm, Sm/Tfm, and Fv/F0 decreased 48.32%, 19.52%, 27.95%, 10.47%, 50.90%, 28.34%, 79.38%, and 50.90%, respectively and F0, F0/Fm increased 46.76% and 82.38%, respectively. Castor oil showed a synergistic effect on Lumax herbicide and enhanced its efficacy on Solanum nigrum. The presented results supported the view that by evaluating chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, we would realize herbicide (alone or mixed with any adjacent) efficacy before the visual symptoms appear in the plant.
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Qu M, Wang L, Xu Q, An J, Mei Y, Liu G. Influence of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid on aquatic plants in different ecological niches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114155. [PMID: 36206639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) draw great concern due to their potential threat to aquatic ecosystems. The individual and combined effects of glyphosate and AMPA on aquatic plants in different ecological niches need to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the ecotoxicity of glyphosate and AMPA on the emergent macrophyte Acorus calamus, phytoplankton Chlorella vulgaris, and submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans after their exposure to glyphosate and AMPA alone and to their mixture. Medium and low concentrations of glyphosate (≤ 0.5 mg L-1) significantly inhibited the growth of V. natans and promoted the growth of C. vulgaris (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on the growth of A. calamus (P > 0.05). AMPA (≤ 5.0 mg L-1) did not significantly influence the relative growth rate (except C. vulgaris) or malonaldehyde levels but significantly altered the expression levels of chlorophyll-related genes and superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] genes in the aquatic plants examined. AMPA mainly affected the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in V. natans and not those in other two plants, indicating that V. natans was more sensitive to AMPA-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, antagonistic effects on plant growth were observed when plants were exposed to low concentrations of glyphosate + AMPA (≤ 0.1 + 0.1 mg L-1). When the concentration of glyphosate + AMPA reached 0.5 + 0.5 and 5.0 + 5.0 mg L-1, the growth of the submerged macrophyte was additively or synergistically inhibited, but the growth of the emergent macrophyte and phytoplankton was antagonistically inhibited. Our results indicated that both the individual and combined effects of glyphosate and AMPA might alter the vertical structure of shallow lakes and accelerate the conversion of shallow lakes from grass-based to algal-based lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Longtao Wang
- CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Company LTD, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- BOE Environmental Energy Technology Company LTD, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jiaqi An
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunjun Mei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Guanglong Liu
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Li X, Riaz M, Song B, Liu H. Phytotoxicity response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings to herbicide fomesafen in soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113628. [PMID: 35576801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fomesafen is the most widely used herbicide in the soybean field. However, there are urgent practical challenges with the long-term persistence of fomesafen in soil and its effects on the subsequent crops in agricultural production. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of fomesafen residues (0-0.05 mg kg-1) on growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and the antioxidant defense system of sugar beet seedlings. The results showed that with the increase of fomesafen residues, the phytotoxicity index increased, while the plant height, leaf area, root length, root volume, and dry weight of sugar beet decreased. Photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), and actual photosynthetic efficiency (Y(II)) declined with a dose-dependent manner of fomesafen, but the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) increased under fomesafen. On the other hand, the residues of fomesafen increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and membrane permeability by aggravating oxidative stress and triggering the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In addition, sugar beet seedlings were significantly sensitive to fomesafen as the concentration of fomesafen in the soil was up to 0.025 mg kg-1. In conclusion, the present study showed that fomesafen residues in the soil could affect the morphophysiology and photosynthetic performance of sugar beet. This study is beneficial for understanding the effects of the herbicide fomesafen residues on non-target crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfan Li
- National Sugar Crops Improvement Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Baiquan Song
- National Sugar Crops Improvement Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Huajun Liu
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China.
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Martins AWS, Silveira TLR, Remião MH, Domingues WB, Dellagostin EN, Junior ASV, Corcini CD, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Somoza GM, Robaldo RB, Campos VF. Acute exposition to Roundup Transorb® induces systemic oxidative stress and alterations in the expression of newly sequenced genes in silverside fish (Odontesthes humensis). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65127-65139. [PMID: 34228309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Roundup Transorb® (RDT) is a glyphosate-based herbicide commonly used in agricultural practices worldwide. This herbicide exerts negative effects on the aquatic ecosystem and affects bioenergetic and detoxification pathways, oxidative stress, and cell damage in marine organisms. These effects might also occur at the transcriptional level; however, the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress has not been studied well. Odontesthes humensis is a native Brazilian aquatic species naturally distributed in the habitats affected by pesticides, including Roundup Transorb® (RDT). This study evaluated the toxic effects of short-term exposure to RDT on O. humensis. Moreover, the genes related to oxidative stress were sequenced and characterized, and their expressions in the gills, hepatopancreas, kidneys, and brain of the fish were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The animals were exposed to two environmentally relevant concentrations of RDT (2.07 and 3.68 mg L-1) for 24 h. Lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, and apoptosis in erythrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. The expression of the target genes was modulated in most tissues in the presence of the highest tested concentration of RDT. In erythrocytes, the levels of lipid peroxidation, ROS, and DNA damage were increased in the presence of both the concentrations of RDT, whereas cell apoptosis was increased in the group exposed to 3.68 mg L-1 RDT. In conclusion, acute exposure to RDT caused oxidative stress in the fish, induced negative effects on cells, and modulated the expression of genes related to the enzymatic antioxidant system in O. humensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Weege S Martins
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Tony L R Silveira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Mariana H Remião
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - William Borges Domingues
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Eduardo N Dellagostin
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Antônio Sergio Varela Junior
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
- ReproPel, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Carine D Corcini
- ReproPel, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Patrícia G Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martin), 7130, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Ricardo B Robaldo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Animais Aquáticos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
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Li J, Yang L, Wu Z. Toxicity of chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline on Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hare. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62549-62561. [PMID: 34212323 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are frequently detected in water bodies due to their widespread use in aquaculture and animal husbandry. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to explore the phytotoxic effects of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hare exposed to various concentrations of chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 30, 50, and 100 mg/L) for 7 days (7 D) and 14 days (14 D), respectively. The results showed that similar to OTC treatment for 7 D, the relative growth rates (RGR) and catalase (CAT) activity of V. natans, after 7 D of CTC exposure, decreased significantly at 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively. The content of soluble protein notably decreased when CTC ≥ 10 mg/L and OTC ≥ 30 mg/L. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content was significantly stimulated when OTC ≥ 10 mg/L, while it hardly changed when exposed to CTC. After 14 D, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents of V. natans were significantly higher than those of the control group under a high concentration of OTC (≥ 30 mg/L), but they did not change significantly under a high concentration of CTC. The activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), under CTC treatment after 14 D, showed first a significant increase then decreases; the maximum value (125% of the control) was noticed at 10 mg/L CTC, while it remained unchanged when exposed to OTC. The soluble protein content significantly decreased at 10 mg/L CTC and 0.1 mg/L OTC, respectively. The RGR, CAT, and peroxidase (POD) activities, similar to OTC treatment after 14 D, decreased evidently when CTC was 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. CTC and OTC harm the chlorophyll content of V. natans after 14 D, and the reductions of chlorophyll a and carotenoid were more pronounced than chlorophyll b. The results suggest that CTC and OTC both have a negative effect on the growth of V. natans, and OTC can cause oxidative damage in V. natans but CTC harms the metabolism process without inducing oxidative damage. Overall, the toxicity of OTC to V. natans is stronger than that of CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Shopova E, Katerova Z, Brankova L, Dimitrova L, Sergiev I, Todorova D, Talaat NB. Modulation of Physiological Stress Response of Triticum aestivum L. to Glyphosate by Brassinosteroid Application. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1156. [PMID: 34833032 PMCID: PMC8623213 DOI: 10.3390/life11111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of brassinosteroids to modulate the physiological responses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to herbicide stress was evaluated. Young winter wheat seedlings were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and 24 h later were sprayed with glyphosate. The physiological responses of treated plants were assessed 14 days after herbicide application. Wheat growth was noticeably inhibited by glyphosate. The herbicide application significantly increased the content of the stress markers proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) evidencing oxidative damage. The content of phenolic compounds was decreased in the herbicide-treated plants. Slight activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and considerable increase of glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) activities were found. Increased POX and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were anticipated to be involved in herbicide detoxification. Conjugation with glutathione in herbicide-treated plants could explain the reduction of thiols suggesting unbalanced redox state. EBL application did not alter the plant growth but a moderate activation of antioxidant defense (POX, GR, and CAT activities and phenolic levels) and detoxifying enzyme GST was observed. The hormonal priming provoked a slight decrease in MDA and proline levels. The results demonstrate that EBL-pretreatment partly restored shoot growth and has a potential to mitigate the oxidative damages in glyphosate-treated plants through activation of the enzymatic antioxidant defense and increase of the phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shopova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.D.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Zornitsa Katerova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.D.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Liliana Brankova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.D.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Ljudmila Dimitrova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.D.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Iskren Sergiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.D.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Dessislava Todorova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (L.B.); (L.D.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Neveen B. Talaat
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
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Liu JB, Chen K, Liu TB, Wang ZY, Wang L. Global transcriptome profiling reveals antagonizing response of head kidney of juvenile common carp exposed to glyphosate. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130823. [PMID: 34162096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) frequently detected in various water bodies has imposed a serious risk on fish. Head kidney of fish is an important defense organ, playing a vital part in antagonizing exogenous hazardous matter. The objective of this study was to characterize toxic mechanisms of GLY in head kidney of common carp based on transcriptome profiling. After 45-days exposure of GLY at environmentally relevant concentrations, juvenile common carp were used as experimental subjects to analyze how the head kidney responded to GLY. The transcriptome profiling identified 1381 different expressed genes (DEGs) between the control and exposure groups (5 and 50 mg/L). Functional analysis of DEGs substantiated over-representative pathways mainly involving cellular stress responses, cell proliferation and turnover, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and innate immune processes in both treated groups compared with the control group. Predicted network of gene regulation indicated that GLY-induced tp53 played a vital role in linking a battery of signals. Furthermore, the expression of 10 candidate genes by qRT-PCR aligned with transcriptional profiling. In addition, western blotting analysis confirmed that GLY-induced apoptosis and cellular proliferation were closely involved in activating MAKP signaling pathway and lipid metabolism pathway in both treated groups. Collectively, these data demonstrate that head kidney of juvenile common carp mainly leverages upregulation of genes related to cell proliferation and turnover, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism to combat sub-chronic exposure of GLY. This study casts new understanding into the risk of GLY in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Kai Chen
- New Drug Evaluation Center of Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Ji'nan City, Shandong Province, 250101, China
| | - Tian-Bin Liu
- New Drug Evaluation Center of Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Ji'nan City, Shandong Province, 250101, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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Silicon Improves the Redox Homeostasis to Alleviate Glyphosate Toxicity in Tomato Plants-Are Nanomaterials Relevant? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081320. [PMID: 34439568 PMCID: PMC8389300 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread use of glyphosate (GLY), this agrochemical is becoming a source of contamination in agricultural soils, affecting non-target plants. Therefore, sustainable strategies to increase crop tolerance to GLY are needed. From this perspective and recalling silicon (Si)'s role in alleviating different abiotic stresses, the main goal of this study was to assess if the foliar application of Si, either as bulk or nano forms, is capable of enhancing Solanum lycopersicum L. tolerance to GLY (10 mg kg-1). After 28 day(s), GLY-treated plants exhibited growth-related disorders in both shoots and roots, accompanied by an overproduction of superoxide anion (O2•-) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in shoots. Although plants solely exposed to GLY have activated non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms (proline, ascorbate and glutathione), a generalized inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes was found, suggesting the occurrence of great redox disturbances. In response to Si or nano-SiO2 co-application, most of GLY phytotoxic effects on growth were prevented, accompanied with a better ROS removal, especially by an upregulation of the main antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Overall, results pointed towards the potential of both sources of Si to reduce GLY-induced oxidative stress, without major differences between their efficacy.
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Yu H, Peng J, Cao X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Qi W. Effects of microplastics and glyphosate on growth rate, morphological plasticity, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress in the aquatic species Salvinia cucullata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116900. [PMID: 33744626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate and microplastics are widely found in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater environments due to their globally widespread application. Further, they have proved to have specific ecotoxicity effects on aquatic plants. However, few studies have focused on the effects of small plastic particles and glyphosate, or especially, their combined effect on vascular plants in freshwater ecosystems. This study aimed to conduct a simulated greenhouse experiment to investigate the ecotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics and glyphosate on the floating plant Salvinia cucullata by exposure to fluorescent polystyrene microplastics (1 μm; concentration, 3, 15, and 75 mg/L), glyphosate (5, 25, and 50 mg/L), and a mixture of the two (3 + 5, 15 + 25, and 75 + 50 mg/L) for seven days. Glyphosate significantly reduced the relative growth rate, photosynthetic capacity, and root activity of S. cucullata. Polystyrene microplastics did not significantly influence photosynthesis or leaf morphological characteristics but they significantly reduced relative growth rate and root activity in S. cucullata, indicating that the effects of microplastics on aquatic plants are potentially associated with different organs exposed to pollution. Polystyrene microplastics and glyphosate activated the plant antioxidant defense systems by increasing antioxidative enzyme activities including, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase to cope with oxidative stress. Synergistic effects (only observed in percent leaf yellowing) were observed when S. cucullata was exposed to a high concentrations (≥15 + 25 mg/L) of glyphosate and microplastics. Our results indicate that pervasive microplastics and herbicide contamination in freshwater may potentially affect the growth of aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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15
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Soares C, Pereira R, Martins M, Tamagnini P, Serôdio J, Moutinho-Pereira J, Cunha A, Fidalgo F. Glyphosate-dependent effects on photosynthesis of Solanum lycopersicum L.-An ecophysiological, ultrastructural and molecular approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122871. [PMID: 32450466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the toxicity of glyphosate (GLY; 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg kg-1) in Solanum lycopersicum L., particularly focusing on the photosynthetic metabolism. By combining ecophysiological, ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular tools, the results revealed that the exposure of tomato plants to GLY led to alterations in leaf water balance regulation [increasing stomatal conductance (gs) and decreasing water use efficiency (WUEi) at higher concentrations] and induced slight alterations in the structural integrity of cells, mainly in chloroplasts, accompanied by a loss of cell viability. Moreover, the transcriptional and biochemical control of several photosynthetic-related parameters was reduced upon GLY exposure. However, in vivo chlorophyll fluorometry and IRGA gas-exchange studies revealed that the photosynthetic yield of S. lycopersicum was not repressed by GLY. Overall, GLY impacts cellular and subcellular homeostasis (by affecting chloroplast structure, reducing photosynthetic pigments and inhibiting photosynthetic-related genes transcription), and leaf structure, but is not reducing the carbon flow on a leaf area basis. Altogether, these results suggest a trade-off effect in which GLY-induced toxicity is compensated by a higher photosynthetic activity related to GLY-induced dysfunction in gs and an increase in mesophyll thickness/density, allowing the viable leaf cells to maintain their photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Martins
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Serôdio
- Biology Department and CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Biology Department & CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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da Silva Santos J, da Silva Pontes M, Grillo R, Fiorucci AR, José de Arruda G, Santiago EF. Physiological mechanisms and phytoremediation potential of the macrophyte Salvinia biloba towards a commercial formulation and an analytical standard of glyphosate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127417. [PMID: 32623201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (Gly) is the most widely used herbicide in the world and has broad-spectrum and non-selective activity. Its indiscriminate use hence risks contamination of water bodies and can affect living organisms, especially sensitive or resistant non-target plants. Despite this, studies on physiological mechanisms and Gly remediation in Neotropical aquatic plants remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the physiological mechanisms of the aquatic macrophyte Salvinia biloba on exposure to different concentrations of a Gly commercial formulation (Gly-CF) and a Gly analytical standard (Gly-AS). Furthermore, using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), we determined whether the studied plant could remove Gly from water. Our data suggest that Gly-AS and Gly-CF induce similar physiological responses in S. biloba. However, Gly-CF was more phytotoxic. Depending on the concentration, the two forms of Gly affected the plants, decreasing the chlorophyll a and b contents and the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity. The data also revealed that Gly promoted oxidative stress and increased the shikimic acid concentration. At the same time, the plants removed Gly from water, with 100% removal for 1 mg L-1 Gly and above 60% removal for the other concentrations studied. Therefore, our results suggest that S. biloba may be a potential phytoremediation agent for low Gly concentrations, since 1 mg L-1 Gly was completely removed and exhibited low phytotoxicity. This study deepens our scientific understanding of the Gly impact on and the phytoremediation potential of S. biloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline da Silva Santos
- Grupo de Estudos em Recursos Vegetais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Eletroquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Montcharles da Silva Pontes
- Grupo de Estudos em Recursos Vegetais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Renato Grillo
- Laboratório de Nanoquímica Ambiental, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Brasil, 56, Centro, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Rogério Fiorucci
- Grupo de Estudos em Eletroquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto José de Arruda
- Grupo de Estudos em Eletroquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Etenaldo Felipe Santiago
- Grupo de Estudos em Recursos Vegetais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 350, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Yu H, Zhang X, Hu J, Peng J, Qu J. Ecotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics to submerged carnivorous Utricularia vulgaris plants in freshwater ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114830. [PMID: 32540562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Much attention is currently paid to microplastic (MP) pollution, particularly in marine systems. There is increasing concern regarding the potential toxicity of MPs to organisms at the physiological and morphological levels. However, little is known about the impact of MPs on aquatic life, despite their ubiquitous presence in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, the aquatic plant Utricularia vulgaris was exposed to 1, 2 and 5 μm polystyrene fluorescent MP particles at concentrations of 15, 70 and 140 mg/L for 7 days. The toxic effects of MPs on the growth rate and morphological and physiological characteristics of U. vulgaris were assessed. The results showed that the relative growth rates and the functional traits of leaves (morphological and photosynthetic) were significantly inhibited at a high concentration of MP particles (140 mg/L) when compared to the control group. The impacts on growth performance were likely due to bioaccumulation of MPs in the bladders, as shown by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the antioxidative enzyme activities showed that high concentrations of MPs induce high ecotoxicity and oxidative damage to U. vulgaris. Thus, U. vulgaris has the potential to be an excellent bioindicator of MP pollution in freshwater ecosystems and should further be applied in ecological risk assessments of the effects of MPs on higher aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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18
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Liu Y, Pang Y, Yang L, Ning S, Wang D, Wu Z. Responses of Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) Backer and Trapa bispinosa roxb. to tetracycline exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110890. [PMID: 32593096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of tetracycline is ubiquitous and has adverse effects on aquatic systems. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the ecological sensitivity of Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) Backer and Trapa bispinosa Roxb. Exposed to different concentrations of tetracycline (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 30 and 50 mg/L) for one day (1D) and 14 days (14D). The results showed that after 1D of tetracycline exposure, the physiological indices of H. dubia had no remarkable change except for proline which was significantly stimulated under 0.1 mg/L tetracycline. For T. bispinosa, guaiacol peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and protein and proline content were notably promoted under different concentrations of tetracycline, but PPO activity was significantly decreased in 50 mg/L. After 14D, tetracycline caused no harm to the growth and protein content of H. dubia, but negatively influenced lipid peroxidation product and chlorophyll content in H. dubia under high tetracycline concentrations. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and POD activity of H. dubia significantly increased at high tetracycline concentrations, while catalase (CAT) and PPO activity significantly decreased. APX activity in H. dubia increased with tetracycline concentrations at low tetracycline concentrations. For T. bispinosa, high concentrations of tetracycline application significantly inhibited its growth and the content of protein and chlorophyll. SOD, POD, CAT, and PPO activity of T. bispinosa were induced under different concentrations of tetracycline and no lipid peroxidation was observed. APX activity in T. bispinosa was significantly inhibited at high tetracycline concentrations. The results suggest that tetracycline can cause oxidative damage in H. dubia but harm the metabolism process of T. bispinosa without inducing oxidative damage. Overall, the sensitivity of T. bispinosa exposed to tetracycline exposure is higher than that of H. dubia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yijian Pang
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shiqi Ning
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Donghan Wang
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China.
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Fan P, Yin J, Zhong G, Wu Z. Ascorbic acid alleviation of manganese-induced toxicity in Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:32695-32706. [PMID: 32514924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the growth and physiological responses of the submerged aquatic plant species Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to 80 mg L-1 manganese (Mn) with different doses of ascorbic acid (AsA 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 mg L-1) after 21 days of treatment. Mn stress significantly reduced the final leaf number and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of V. natans, while increased the malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and proline contents, and peroxidase (POD) activity, with no significant differences in plant relative growth rate (RGR) and photosynthetic pigment contents. With increasing doses of AsA supplementation (≤ 50 mg L-1), the MDA content gradually decreased, while the proline, soluble protein, and photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidase (except POD) activities, and RGR of V. natans increased. AsA levels ≥ 100 mg L-1 exacerbated Mn toxicity in V. natans by significantly reducing the antioxidase activities and photosynthetic pigment contents and even triggering plant lethal effects. These results suggest that the Mn stress induced in this investigation could bring about oxidative stress and influence the growth of V. natans. Moreover, the optimal AsA dose that can alleviate Mn-induced oxidative stress was 41.37-50.25 mg L-1 according to the regression analysis based on plant growth and enzymatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Fan
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Water Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200061, People's Republic of China
| | - Guidi Zhong
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide in Cover Plants: Medicago sativa L. as a Model Species. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the several innovations that have been incorporated in agriculture, the use of herbicides, especially glyphosate (GLY), is still the major tool for weed control. Although this herbicide has a notable worldwide representation, concerns about its environmental safety were recently raised, with a lot of divergence between studies on its non-target toxicity. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the risks of this herbicide to non-target plants, including cover crop species, which have a crucial role in maintaining agroecosystems functions and in preventing soil erosion. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of a cover plant species (Medicago sativa L.) exposed to increasing concentrations of a GLY-based herbicide (GBH), particularly focusing on the oxidative metabolism. The growth of roots and shoots was affected, being this effect accompanied by a rise of lipid peroxidation, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress, and by an activation of the antioxidant (AOX) system. Indeed, the results showed that adverse effects are visible at active ingredient concentrations of 8.0 mg kg−1, with the lowest EC50 being 12 mg kg−1, showing that GBH-contaminated soils may pose a risk to the survival of non-target plants in the most contaminated areas. Overall, these findings proved that GBH greatly impairs the growth of a non-target plant, strengthening the need of additional studies to unravel the real risks associated with the over usage of this pesticide, since there is an evident lack of studies performed with contaminated soils.
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Kováčik J, Novotný V, Bujdoš M, Dresler S, Hladký J, Babula P. Glyphosate does not show higher phytotoxicity than cadmium: Cross talk and metabolic changes in common herb. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121250. [PMID: 31654965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of glyphosate (G) alone or in combination with cadmium (Cd) was studied in Matricaria chamomilla. Cadmium accumulated in shoots and roots in relation to prolonged exposure while glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were detected only in roots. After 7 days of exposure, root Cd and G accumulation was similar (56 μg G or 47 μg Cd/g DW in 1 μM treatments and 330 μg G or 321 μg Cd/g DW in 10 μM treatments). Despite this fact, Cd stimulated higher ROS formation and G rather suppressed nitric oxide while H2O2 content was elevated by Cd. Subsequent assay of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX) showed only the impact of Cd. Non-enzymatic antioxidants revealed more pronounced impact of Cd on ascorbic acid and soluble phenols while non-protein thiols showed synergistic effect of G and Cd in roots. Surprisingly, G alone or in combination with Cd depleted shoot citrate and tartrate accumulation despite no detectable G in shoots. In the roots, Cd evoked expected increase in malate and citrate content while G rather suppressed Cd-induced elevation. These data indicate that glyphosate is less toxic than cadmium but even low G doses are able to induce metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Department of Biology, University of Trnava, Priemyselná 4, 918 43 Trnava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Vít Novotný
- Technical University of Liberec, CxI, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Bujdoš
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina - Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Plant Physiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Juraj Hladký
- Faculty of Education, University of Trnava, Priemyselná 4, 918 43 Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Zhou J, Wu Z, Yu D, Yang L. Toxicity of the herbicide flurochloridone to the aquatic plants Ceratophyllum demersum and Lemna minor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3923-3932. [PMID: 31823263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As a new and efficient selective pre-emergence herbicide, flurochloridone (FLC) has been widely promoted in recent years but readily results in residues in nature. As the primary producers and restorers of the water environment, aquatic plants are at risk of FLC exposure. In the present research, we studied the phytotoxicity of FLC in Lemna minor and Ceratophyllum demersum. The physiological and growth responses of these two aquatic plants exposed to different concentrations of FLC (0, 20, 100, 300, 1000, and 2000 μg/L) were measured. The results showed that FLC (≥ 20 μg/L) could cause serious photosynthesis pigment damage and bleaching in C. demersum and L. minor. Significant oxidative damage was observed in L. minor at 20 μg/L FLC, while there was no severe oxidative damage in C. demersum. At 100-300 μg/L FLC, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were activated to scavenge free radicals in L. minor, while POD acted as a protective enzyme in C. demersum. At higher concentrations of FLC (≥ 1000-2000 μg/L), L. minor reached less than healthy stability through the regulation of the antioxidant enzyme system and the chlorophyll a/b value. POD, SOD, and protein content returned to normal levels, and the growth parameters increased. However, in C. demersum, the enzymes POD and SOD and soluble protein were damaged, and oxidative stress reached the highest level at 1000-2000 μg/L FLC. Taken together, our results suggested that when treated with FLC, L. minor was more sensitive at lower doses (20 μg/L) and more adaptive at higher doses (1000-2000 μg/L) than C. demersum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhou
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Yu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Yin J, Fan P, Zhong G, Wu Z. Responses of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to the combined effects of Mn and pH. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:1177-1189. [PMID: 31696442 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plants play a vital role in maintaining the health and stability of ecosystems and in ecological restoration of contaminated water bodies. Herein, a 21-day-long laboratory-scale experiment was designed to explore the growth and physiological responses of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara (V. natans) to the combined effects of manganese (Mn, 5, 20, and 80 mg L-1) and pH (pH 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0). Our results showed the combined toxicity intensity was closely related to Mn concentration and the toxicity exhibited by Mn gradually strengthened with the decrease of pH level. High concentration of Mn stress significantly reduced plants leaf area, final leaf number, photosynthetic pigment content, RGR (relative growth rate) and biomass accumulation, but significantly increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). At the same time, V. natans plants can resist the adverse stress by activating the antioxidant defense system, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities. Besides, V. natans tended to adjust the biomass allocation strategy and transferred more energy to the subsurface and the ramets and stolons parts under the combined stress. This experiment also showed that the increasing pH within a certain range could largely improve the removal rate of Mn (at highest by 84.28%). This may indicate the V. natans plant species can act as a promising tool for the Mn phytoremediation in aquatic environments which needs to be further explored by longer cycle field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
- Shanghai Water Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200061, PR China
| | - Pei Fan
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Guidi Zhong
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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Liu Y, Liu N, Zhou Y, Wang F, Zhang Y, Wu Z. Growth and Physiological Responses in Myriophyllum spicatum L. Exposed to Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2073-2081. [PMID: 31099934 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous organic pollutant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is frequently detected in water. Myriophyllum spicatum L., a submerged aquatic plant, is a popular choice for phytoremediation. The present study investigated the growth and physiological responses of M. spicatum to different concentrations of LAS (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mg/L) after 14 and 28 d of treatment. After 14 d, higher LAS doses (50-100 mg/L) significantly reduced the growth of M. spicatum compared with controls. Plants died at 500 mg/L LAS. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents were markedly increased at higher doses of LAS (10-100 mg/L). Significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) activity was found at 50 mg/L of LAS, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 100 mg/L of LAS; other indices showed no significant changes under LAS stress. After 28 d, no significant effect was observed on the growth of plants exposed to LAS doses of 0.1 to 100 mg/L, whereas plants died at 500 mg/L LAS. Compared with controls. SOD activity increased significantly at 0.1 mg/L LAS and maintained the same level as controls at higher concentrations. At all LAS exposures, POD activity was higher than that of controls. Other indices for M. spicatum were not remarkably changed at 28 d. Our results indicate that the oxidative damage to M. spicatum caused by LAS stress after 28 d is clearly less than such damage at 14 d. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2073-2081. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nian Liu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Hanjiang River Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau, Hydrology Bureau of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Hanjiang River Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau, Hydrology Bureau of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- Hanjiang River Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau, Hydrology Bureau of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem in Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yang X, Song Y, Zhang C, Pang Y, Song X, Wu M, Cheng Y. Effects of the glyphosate-based herbicide roundup on the survival, immune response, digestive activities and gut microbiota of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105243. [PMID: 31319294 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world and can be transported easily by surface runoff, air, and rivers, potentially affecting aquaculture. In this study, the survival rate, intestinal and hepatopancreatic immune and digestive functions, and the intestinal microbial diversity of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were evaluated after 7 days of exposure to glyphosate (48.945 mg/L from 1/2 96-h LC50 value). The results showed that glyphosate significantly reduced the survival rate of E. sinensis. After exposure to glyphosate, the totoal antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the midgut and hindgut of E. sinensis was significantly decreased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the midgut was significantly increased (P < 0.05). After glyphosate exposure, the activities of digestive enzymes (including lipase and amylase) in the intestinal tract were significantly decreased and trypsin was significantly increased, while three enzymes in the hepatopancreas were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Using high-throughput sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota, the results showed that glyphosate significantly decreased the diversity of E. sinensis gut microbiota, while significantly increasing the taxonomic richness of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). This study suggested that these bacteria may be involved in glyphosate effects on survival by regulation of immune and digestive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yameng Song
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhe Song
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Soares C, Pereira R, Spormann S, Fidalgo F. Is soil contamination by a glyphosate commercial formulation truly harmless to non-target plants? - Evaluation of oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in tomato. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:256-265. [PMID: 30685666 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using a realistic and environmental relevant approach, the present study aimed at understanding the biochemical and physiological basis of glyphosate (GLY)-induced stress in non-target plant species, using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a model. For this purpose, plants were grown for 28 days under different concentrations of a commercial formulation of GLY (Roundup® UltraMax) - 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg kg-1 soil. The exposure of plants to increasing concentrations of GLY caused a severe inhibition of growth (root and shoot elongation and fresh weight), especially in the highest treatments. In what regards the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2.-) remained unchanged in shoots, but significantly increased in roots. Moreover, a concentration-dependent decrease in lipid peroxidation (LP) was found in shoots, though in roots differences were only found for the highest concentration of GLY. The evaluation of the antioxidant system showed that GLY interfered with several antioxidant metabolites (proline, ascorbate and glutathione) and enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; ascorbate peroxidase - APX), generally inducing a positive response of the defense mechanisms. Overall, data obtained in this study unequivocally demonstrated that soil contamination by GLY, applied as part of its commercial formulation Roundup® UltraMax, impairs the growth and physiological performance of tomato plants, and likely of other non-target plant species, after 28 days of exposure by clearly affecting the normal redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Spormann
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Liu N, Zhong G, Zhou J, Liu Y, Pang Y, Cai H, Wu Z. Separate and combined effects of glyphosate and copper on growth and antioxidative enzymes in Salvinia natans (L.) All. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1448-1456. [PMID: 30577136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of glyphosate and copper is widely found in bodies of water and terrestrial ecosystems due to widespread application of herbicides and heavy metal. However, their joint ecotoxicological risks in aquatic environments remain unknown. The experiment investigated the individual and combined effects of glyphosate and copper on the growth and physiological response in Salvinia natans (L.) All. The results showed that their joint toxicity is related to concentration. Antagonistic effects were induced when plants were exposed to low concentrations of glyphosate and copper (≤1 + 0.2 mg l-1). Synergistic effects were elicited at higher doses (≥5 + 1 mg l-1). In addition, increased hydrogen peroxide levels indicated the occurrence of oxidative stress at individual or combined exposures. To cope with oxidative stress, S. natans can activate the antioxidant defense systems, including increased superoxide dismutase and changes in peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. High concentrations of combined pollution exceed the oxidative defense capabilities of plants, and therefore, malondialdehyde content increased significantly. Our results indicated that the ecotoxicity of glyphosate or copper may be exacerbated in aquatic environments and caused obvious damage to S. natans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guidi Zhong
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianan Zhou
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yijian Pang
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huan Cai
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Hong Y, Huang Y, Yan G, Pan C, Zhang J. Antioxidative status, immunological responses, and heat shock protein expression in hepatopancreas of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis under the exposure of glyphosate. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:840-845. [PMID: 30572127 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate was extensively utilised in China for several decades. The contradiction between glyphosate spraying and crab breeding in the rice-crab co-culture system has become more obvious. In this study, the antioxidative status and immunological responses of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, under sublethal exposure of glyphosate were investigated by detecting the antioxidative and immune-related enzyme activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and relative mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in hepatopancreas. The results showed that high concentrations of glyphosate (44 and 98 mg/L) could induce significant alteration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and phenoloxidase (PO) activities by first rising then falling during the exposure. However, AChE activity in all treatments including 4.4 mg/L was inhibited markedly after 6 h of exposure. In addition, the relative mRNA expression of HSP 60, HSP 70, and HSP 90 was significantly upregulated at both 48 h and 96 h. These results revealed that glyphosate has a prominent toxic effect on E. sinensis based on antioxidative and immunological response inhibition and AChE activity reduction even at the lowest concentration of 4.4 mg/L, and a protective response by upregulation of HSPs was carried out by the species to ease the environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, China
| | - Guangwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, China
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Hong Y, Yang X, Huang Y, Yan G, Cheng Y. Assessment of the oxidative and genotoxic effects of the glyphosate-based herbicide roundup on the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponensis. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:896-906. [PMID: 30208549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an acute toxic test was performed to assess the oxidative stress and genotoxic effects of the herbicide on the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium nipponensis. The results showed that the 48-h and 96-h LC50 values of Roundup to M. nipponensis were 57.684 mg/L and 11.237 mg/L, respectively. For further investigation, the shrimps were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.35, 0.70, 1.40, 2.80 and 5.60 mg/L for 96 h. A significant decrease in total haemocytes count (THC) was observed at concentration of 5.60 mg/L throughout the experiment. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in all the treatments decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner except for the concentration group of 0.35 mg/L. The malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and protein carbonyl in serum increased significantly at concentrations of 2.80 mg/L and 5.60 mg/L. A significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was observed at each concentration (P<0.05). In addition, the micronucleus (MN) frequency of haemocytes significantly increased (P<0.05) at concentrations of 1.40, 2.80 and 5.60 mg/L, whereas the comet ratio and %DNA in the tails exhibited a clear time- and dose-dependent response during the exposure. The analysis of the integrated biomarker response (IBR) showed the induction of oxidative stress biomarkers and the inhibition of antioxidants, and this dose-dependent relation suggests the sensitivity and availability of all the biomarkers. These results revealed that Roundup had a prominent toxic effect on M. nipponensis based on the antioxidative response inhibition and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, China
| | - Guangwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Weerakoon HPAT, Atapaththu KSS, Asanthi HB. Toxicity evaluation and environmental risk assessment of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) on non-target aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30463-30474. [PMID: 30168109 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plants in agricultural landscapes play a vital role in maintaining the ecological integrity within the aquatic systems while facing an array of disturbances. Among them, information on herbicide exposure on non-target aquatic plants is scarce. The present study was designed to fill this information gap by detecting the impacts of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) on Hydrilla verticillata using morpho-anatomical and physiological biomarkers and assessing the environmental risk of MCPA to the non-target environment. H. verticillata was exposed to different MCPA concentrations (10, 100, 500, 1000 μg/L) and control (0 μg/L) for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, plant growth, pigments, H2O2 content, peroxidase activity (POD) and plant anatomy were compared. The environmental risk was assessed using predicted environmental concentration/predicted no effect concentration (PEC:PNEC) ratio, hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). Control plants exhibited the highest growth, and a growth decline was noted in parallel to MCPA exposure, where a similar trend was detected for the plant pigment contents. MCPA induced chlorosis and oxidative stress in H. verticillata. Risk analysis detected high values for PEC:PNEC ratios (3-9), HQ (1.92-5.79) and HI (28.15). MCPA-exposed H. verticillata could recover once those plants received natural conditions. Overall, present findings showed the negative impacts of MCPA on non-target aquatic plant H. verticillata. These findings will be useful to clarify the interaction between agrochemicals and non-target aquatic plants. Such information would benefit to decide the criteria in aquatic ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keerthi Sri Senarathna Atapaththu
- Department of Limnology and Water Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Wellamadama, Matara, 81000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Hewa Bandulage Asanthi
- Department of Limnology and Water Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Wellamadama, Matara, 81000, Sri Lanka
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Dahro B, Wang F, Peng T, Liu JH. PtrA/NINV, an alkaline/neutral invertase gene of Poncirus trifoliata, confers enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses by modulating ROS levels and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27025596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N-INV), an enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose irreversibly into glucose and fructose, is essential for normal plant growth,development, and stress tolerance. However, the physiological and/or molecular mechanism underpinning the role of A/N-INV in abiotic stress tolerance is poorly understood. RESULTS In this report, an A/N-INV gene (PtrA/NINV) was isolated from Poncirus trifoliata, a cold-hardy relative of citrus, and functionally characterized. PtrA/NINV expression levels were induced by cold, salt, dehydration, sucrose, and ABA, but decreased by glucose. PtrA/NINV was found to localize in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Overexpression of PtrA/NINV conferred enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses, including cold, high salinity, and drought, as supported by lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced oxidative damages, decreased water loss rate, and increased photosynthesis efficiency, relative to wild-type (WT). The transgenic plants exhibited higher A/N-INV activity and greater reducing sugar content under normal and stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS PtrA/NINV is an important gene implicated in sucrose decomposition, and plays a positive role in abiotic stress tolerance by promoting osmotic adjustment, ROS detoxification and photosynthesis efficiency. Thus, PtrA/NINV has great potential to be used in transgenic breeding for improvement of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachar Dahro
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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