1
|
Cui C, Yan D, Liu M, Wang J, Chen C, Li L, Li X. Emission and distribution characteristics of PCDD/Fs during the co-processing of various solid wastes in coal-fired boilers in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124260. [PMID: 38815888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of co-processing solid wastes in coal-fired boilers is significant for waste recycling and contributes to the sustainable development of the coal-fired power industry. However, concerns over the emission of dioxins during co-processing have prompted a comprehensive investigation into the dioxin emission properties. In this study, the PCDD/F emission concentrations of seven coal-fired boilers, including three pulverized coal boilers and four circulating fluidized bed boilers were examined. The results indicate that co-processing solid wastes in coal-fired boilers did not lead to an increase in the mass concentration of dioxins in either the flue gas or solid samples, and the international toxic equivalents (I-TEQ) of dioxins in the flue gas complied with prevailing emission standards (0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3) in China, proving that coal-fired boilers co-processing would not raise the emission risk of dioxins. The types of waste during co-processing had minimal effect on the I-TEQ of dioxins. A significant proportion of PCDD/Fs was observed in the ash samples, while only 13.0-25.7% and 0.7-6.8% of dioxins were distributed in the boiler slag and the flue gas, respectively. The emission factor of dioxins under the blank conditions ranged from 0.009 to 0.327 ng I-TEQ/kg-coal, while it ranged from 0.015 to 0.129 ng I-TEQ/kg-(coal+waste) under the co-processing conditions. The reduction of emission factor under co-processing condition could be attributed to the significant decrease of dioxins I-TEQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dahai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Meijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bustaffa E, Mangia C, Cori L, Bianchi F, Cervino M, Minichilli F. Cardiorespiratory diseases in an industrialized area: a retrospective population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2031. [PMID: 37853368 PMCID: PMC10585785 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atmospheric pollution has been recognized as the greatest environmental threat to human health. The population of the Venafro Valley, southern Italy, is exposed to emissions from a Waste-To-Energy (WTE) and a cement plant and potentially also to another WTE located in the neighboring region of Lazio; also, the vehicular atmospheric pollution situation is critical. In order to assess the environmental health risk of residents in eight municipalities of the Venafro Valley, a retrospective residential cohort study during 2006-2019 was carried out. METHODS Four exposure classes were defined by natural-break method, using a dispersion map of nitrogen dioxides (chosen as proxy of industrial pollution). The association between the industrial pollution and cause-specific mortality/morbidity of the cohort was calculated using the Hazard Ratio (HR) through a multiple time-dependent and sex-specific Cox regression adjusting for age, proximity to main roads and socio-economic deprivation index. RESULTS Results showed, for both sexes, mortality and morbidity excesses in the most exposed class for diseases of the circulatory system and some signals for respiratory diseases. Particularly, mortality excesses in both sexes in class 3 for diseases of the circulatory system [men: HR = 1.37 (1.04-1.79); women: HR = 1.27 (1.01-1.60)] and for cerebrovascular diseases [men: HR = 2.50 (1.44-4.35); women: HR = 1.41 (0.92-2.17)] were observed and confirmed by morbidity analyses. Mortality excesses for heart diseases for both sexes [men-class 3: HR = 1.32 (0.93-1.87); men-class 4: HR = 1.95 (0.99-3.85); women-class 3: HR = 1.49 (1.10-2.04)] and for acute respiratory diseases among women [HR = 2.31 (0.67-8.00)] were observed. Morbidity excesses in both sexes for ischemic heart diseases [men-class 3: HR = 1.24 (0.96-1.61); women-class 4: HR = 2.04 (1.04-4.02)] and in class 4 only among men for respiratory diseases [HR = 1.43 (0.88-2.31)] were also found. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides several not-negligible signals indicating mitigation actions and deserve further investigations. For future studies, the authors recommend enriching the exposure and lifestyle profile using tools such as questionnaires and human biomonitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bustaffa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Cristina Mangia
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Strada Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni Km 1,200, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Liliana Cori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Marco Cervino
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Minichilli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carr B, Masqué P, Alonso-Hernández CM, Huertas D, Bersuder P, Tolosa I. Trends of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in a sediment core from Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba, from 1990 to 2015. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138571. [PMID: 37019402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Legacy and emerging organic pollutants pose an ever-expanding challenge for the marine environment. This study analysed a dated sediment core from Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba, to assess the occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alternative halogenated flame retardants (aHFRs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and phthalates (PAEs) from 1990 to 2015. The results evidence the continuing presence of historical regulated contaminants (PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs) in the southern basin of Cienfuegos Bay. PCB contamination declined since 2007, likely in response to the gradual global phasing out of PCB containing materials. There have been relatively consistent low accumulation rates for OCPs and PBDEs at this location (in 2015 approximately 1.9 and 0.26ng/cm2/year, respectively, with 2.8ng/cm2/year for Σ6PCBs), with indications of recent local DDT use in response to public health emergencies. In contrast, sharp increases are observed between 2012 and 2015 for the contaminants of emerging concern (PAEs, OPEs, and aHFRs), and in the case of two PAEs (DEHP and DnBP) the concentrations were above the established environmental effect limits for sediment dwelling organisms. These increasing trends reflect the growing global usage of both alternative flame retardants and plasticizer additives. Local drivers for these trends include nearby industrial sources such as a plastic recycling plant, multiple urban waste outfalls, and a cement factory. The limited capacity for solid waste management may also contribute to the high concentrations of emerging contaminants, especially plastic additives. For the most recent year (2015), the accumulation rates for Σ17aHFRs, Σ19PAEs, and Σ17OPEs into sediment at this location were estimated to be 10, 46 000, and 750ng/cm2/year, respectively. This data provides an initial survey of emerging organic contaminants within this understudied region of the world. The increasing temporal trends observed for aHFRs, OPEs, and PAEs highlights the need for further research concerning the rapid influx of these emerging contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Carr
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco.
| | - Pere Masqué
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | | | - David Huertas
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Philippe Bersuder
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Imma Tolosa
- IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li C, Liu G, Qin S, Zhu T, Song J, Xu W. Emission reduction of PCDD/Fs by flue gas recirculation and activated carbon in the iron ore sintering. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121520. [PMID: 36990339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the main sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the environment is the sintering of iron ore. Both flue gas recirculation (FGR) and activated carbon (AC), which have the impact of decreasing both PCDD/Fs and conventional pollutants (NOx, SO2, etc.), are significant technologies for the abatement of PCDD/Fs from the sintering exhaust gas. This work involved the first measurement of PCDD/Fs emissions during FGR and a thorough analysis of the impact of PCDD/Fs reduction following the coupling of FGR and AC technologies. According to the measured data, the ratio of PCDFs to PCDDs in the sintered flue gas was 6.8, indicating that during the sintering process, the PCDD/Fs were primarily produced by de novo synthesis. Further investigation revealed that FGR initially removed 60.7% of PCDD/Fs by returning it to the high temperature bed, and AC further removed 95.2% of the remaining PCDD/Fs through physical adsorption. While AC is better at removing PCDFs and can efficiently remove tetra-to octa-chlorinated homologs, FGR is more effective at removing PCDDs and has higher removal efficiency for hexa-to octa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs. Together, they complement each other with a removal rate of 98.1%. The study's findings are instructional for the process design of combining FGR and AC technologies to reduce PCDD/Fs in the sintered flue gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianfei Song
- China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song S, Chen K, Huang T, Ma J, Wang J, Mao X, Gao H, Zhao Y, Zhou Z. New emission inventory reveals termination of global dioxin declining trend. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130357. [PMID: 36444062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimates of spatiotemporally resolved Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD/Fs, or dioxins) emissions are critical for understanding their environmental fate and associated health risks. In this study, by utilizing an empirical regression model for PCDD/Fs emissions, we developed a global emission inventory for 17 toxic PCDD/Fs congeners from 8 source sectors with a spatial resolution of 1° × 1° from 2002 to 2018. The results show that PCDD/Fs emissions decreased by 25.7 % (12.5 kg TEQ) between 2002 and 2018, mostly occurring in upper- and lower-middle income countries. Globally, open-burning processes, waste incineration, ferrous and nonferrous metal production sectors and heat and power generation were the major source sectors of PCDD/Fs. Spatially, high PCDD/Fs emissions were mainly identified in East and South Asia, Southeast Asia, and part of Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that the declining trend of dioxin emissions over the past decades terminated from the early 2010s due to increasing significance of wildfire induced emissions in the total emission. The PCDD/Fs emission inventory developed in the present study was verified by inputting the inventory as initial conditions into an atmospheric transport model, the Canadian Model for Environmental Transport of Organochlorine Pesticides (CanMETOP), to simulate PCDD/Fs concentrations in air and soil. The predicted concentrations were compared to field sampling data. The good agreement between the modeled and measured concentrations demonstrates the reliability of the inventory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Song
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Kaijie Chen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Mao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bei J, Xu X, Zhan M, Li X, Jiao W, Khachatryan L, Wu A. Revealing the Mechanism of Dioxin Formation from Municipal Solid Waste Gasification in a Reducing Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14539-14549. [PMID: 36164751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gasification is an effective technology for the thermal disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) with lower dioxin emission compared to the prevailing incineration process. Nevertheless, the mechanism of dioxin formation in the reducing atmosphere during the gasification process was seldomly explored. Herein, the effects of the atmosphere, temperature, and chlorine source were systematically investigated in terms of dioxin distribution. With CO2 and H2O as gasification agents, a reducing reaction atmosphere was formed with abundant H2 which effectively suppressed the generation of C-Cl, contributing to a substantial decrease of dioxin concentration by ∼80% compared to the incineration process. The formation of dioxin was favored at temperatures below 700 °C with its peak concentration achieved at 500 °C. It was unveiled that inorganic chlorine played a dominant role in the reducing atmosphere, with a lower proportion of C-O-C/O-C═O on residual slag compared to an oxidizing atmosphere. Additionally, the generated H2 reduced the concentration of dioxins by attacking C-Cl and inhibiting the crucial Deacon reaction for dioxin formation, validated by density functional theory calculation. Eventually, the formation route paradigm and the reaction mechanism of dioxin formation from MSW gasification were revealed, facilitating and rationally guiding the control of dioxin emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Bei
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingxiu Zhan
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Lavrent Khachatryan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Angjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhou L, Zhang S, Wang J, Du W, Yang J, Chen L, Meng W, Tao S, Liu M. Atmospheric emissions of PCDDs and PCDFs in China from 1960 to 2014. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127320. [PMID: 34597929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) is a requirement of the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and essential to evaluate and understand their environmental fate and associated health risks. Unfortunately, works estimating the emission of PCDD/Fs in China are limited, especially in terms of historical trends and information on spatial distribution. In this study, provincial emissions of 17 toxic PCDD/Fs congeners from 79 sources were quantified from 1960 to 2014, and 0.1º × 0.1º gridded emissions for 2014 were obtained by applying a source-specific, annually varying emission factor (EF) dataset with similar time trends as measurements for China. Historical national PCDD/F emissions showed an increasing trend until around 1980, and then plateaued due to decreased emissions from cement production and waste burning. Decreased emissions from cement production and waste burning in northeast, east, and south China, and Taiwan province were the main causes for the stabilized national emissions after 1980. Spatially, highly positive correlations of emission densities with population and GDP densities were identified, but no clear temporal patterns were observed. Emission densities showed a decreasing trend in the order of cities, towns and rural areas, while the opposite was seen for per capita emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Jinze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Meng
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Šrédlová K, Cajthaml T. Recent advances in PCB removal from historically contaminated environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132096. [PMID: 34523439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite being drastically restricted in the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) still belong among the most hazardous contaminants. The chemical stability and dielectric properties of PCBs made them suitable for a number of applications, which then lead to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. PCBs are highly bioaccumulative and persistent, and their teratogenic, carcinogenic, and endocrine-disrupting features have been widely reported in the literature. This review discusses recent advances in different techniques and approaches to remediate historically contaminated matrices, which are one of the most problematic in regard to decontamination feasibility and efficiency. The current knowledge published in the literature shows that PCBs are not sufficiently removed from the environment by natural processes, and thus, the suitability of some approaches (e.g., natural attenuation) is limited. Physicochemical processes are still the most effective; however, their extensive use is constrained by their high cost and often their destructiveness toward the matrices. Despite their limited reliability, biological methods and their application in combinations with other techniques could be promising. The literature reviewed in this paper documents that a combination of techniques differing in their principles should be a future research direction. Other aspects discussed in this work include the incompleteness of some studies. More attention should be given to the evaluation of toxicity during these processes, particularly in terms of monitoring different modes of toxic action. In addition, decomposition mechanisms and products need to be sufficiently clarified before combined, tailor-made approaches can be employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Šrédlová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren M, Zhang H, Fan Y, Zhou H, Cao R, Gao Y, Chen J. Suppressing the formation of chlorinated aromatics by inhibitor sodium thiocyanate in solid waste incineration process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149154. [PMID: 34333438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing the formation of chlorinated aromatics (Cl-aromatics) by chemical inhibitors is an important measure to reduce dioxin emission from the solid waste incineration plants. In this study, we first investigated the reduction effect of a novel inhibitor sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) on the emission of dioxins in 2 full-scale solid waste incineration systems. Injection of NaSCN solution into the higher temperature flue gas resulted in about 60% reduction in the concentration of total tetra- to octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack flue gas. The suppression effect was further verified by a laboratory study on the chlorination of naphthalene over model fly ashes with or without NaSCN addition. By characterizing the reaction products between NaSCN and key catalysts Cu and Fe chlorides, two main suppression mechanisms were proposed: (i) reduction of highly active cupric chloride (CuCl2) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) to less active cuprous chloride (CuCl) and ferrous chloride (FeCl2), (ii) sulfidation of Cu chlorides. The laboratory study indicated that the unreacted NaSCN in the combustion flue gas could be mainly decomposed into Na2S, C3N4, Na2S2O3, NaS2, Na2SO4, CO2, SO2, NO2 and COS. These decomposition products are low toxic or can be effectively removed by the air pollution control devices. CAPSULE: NaSCN suppressed the formation of chlorinated aromatics in combustion flue gas mainly through inducing the reduction of highly active Cu (II) and Fe (III) chlorides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Yun Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Hongquan Zhou
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Rong Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ying Y, Ma Y, Li X, Lin X. Emission and migration of PCDD/Fs and major air pollutants from co-processing of sewage sludge in brick kiln. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129120. [PMID: 33279232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The annual output of sewage in China is increasing rapidly and continues to grow, so there is an urgent need for a treatment other than landfills. Among various treatment methods, brick production coprocessing of sewage sludge is technically and economically advantageous. The emission characteristics of typical brick kiln coprocessing of sewage sludge with an annual production of 60 million bricks were studied. The major air pollutants and PCDD/Fs in gas and soil were determined. Particulate matter and SO2 contributed most before treatment, with concentrations of (1.017 ± 0.089) × 104 mg/Nm3 and (2.770 ± 0.251) × 103 mg/Nm3, respectively. After cleaning, the average emitted concentrations of major air pollutants were permissive and homogeneous: 58.13 ± 5.51 mg/Nm3 for NOx, 30.15 ± 9.12 mg/Nm3 for HCl, 28.63 ± 14.33 mg/Nm3 for SO2, 23.76 ± 3.31 mg/Nm3 for particulate matter, and 356.8 ± 99.1 for odor. The PCDD/Fs in the exhaust gas and ambient air showed similar distributions and fingerprint characteristics. The annual emission amounts of the PCDD/Fs were 0.265 g/year and 0.0393 g TEQ/year. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that PCDD/Fs were most relevant to HCl, and particulate matter might be important to SO2 and fluoride. Further relativity studies showed that the brick kiln was a source of PCDD/Fs but not a main source of major air pollutants to the surrounding environment. All the above pollutants from the brick kiln were permissive with relevant national standards. The results could help with pollution inventories for the brick and tile industry and sewage sludge disposal process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Di Ciaula A. Bioaccumulation of Toxic Metals in Children Exposed to Urban Pollution and to Cement Plant Emissions. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2021; 13:681-695. [PMID: 34189342 PMCID: PMC8229267 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-021-00412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cement plants located in urban areas can increase health risk. Although children are particularly vulnerable, biomonitoring studies are lacking. Toenail concentration of 24 metals was measured in 366 children (6-10 years), who live and attend school in a city hosting a cement plant. Living addresses and schools were geocoded and attributed to exposed or control areas, according to modeled ground concentrations of PM10 generated by the cement plant. Air levels of PM10 and NO2 were monitored. PM10 levels were higher in the exposed, than in the control area. The highest mean PM10 concentration was recorded close to the cement plant. Conversely, the highest NO2 concentration was in the control area, where vehicular traffic and home heating were the prevalent sources of pollutants. Exposed children had higher concentrations of Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) than controls. These concentrations correlated each other, indicating a common source. Toenail Barium (Ba) concentration was higher in the control- than in the exposed area. The location of the attended school was a predictor of Cd, Hg, Ni, Ba concentrations, after adjusting for confounders. In conclusion, children living and attending school in an urban area exposed to cement plant emissions show a chronic bioaccumulation of toxic metals, and a significant exposure to PM10 pollution. Cement plants located in populous urban areas seem therefore harmful, and primary prevention policies to protect children health are needed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Y, Wu G, Jiang C, Zheng M, Yang L, Xie J, Wang Q, Wang M, Li C, Liu G. Variations of PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary nonferrous smelting plants and towards to their source emission reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113946. [PMID: 32041007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are cancerogenic organic pollutants that priority controlled by Stockholm Convention with globally 183 signatories now. Secondary nonferrous smelting plants are confirmed to be important sources in China due to its large industrial activities and high emissions of PCDD/Fs. It is important to prioritize source to achieve source emission reduction by conducting field monitoring on typical case plants. Here, the emission profiles and levels of PCDD/Fs were investigated in 25 stack gas samples collected from three secondary copper production (SeCu), two secondary zinc production (SeZn) and two secondary lead production (SePb). Both average mass concentration and toxic equivalency quantity (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs all generally decreased in the order: SeCu > SeZn > SePb. It is noteworthy that the mean TEQ concentration in stack gas from SeCu with oxygen-enrich melting furnace technology, at 2.7 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, was much higher than the concentrations of other smelting processes. The average emission factors and annual release amounts of PCDD/Fs from SeCu, SePb and SeZn investigated were 28.4, 1.5, 10.4 μg I-TEQ/t and 1.03, 0.023, 0.17 g I-TEQ/year, respectively. The ratios of 2,3,7,8-TCDF to 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF and OCDD to 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD varied to large extent for three metal smelting, which could be used as diagnostic ratios of tracing specific PCDD/Fs sources. Addition of copper-containing sludge into the raw materials might lead to higher PCDD/Fs emissions. It is important to emphasize and reduce the PCDD/Fs emissions from oxygen-enrich melting furnace from secondary copper productions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanglong Wu
- International Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- International Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiahong Xie
- International Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Minxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bildirici ME. The relationship between cement production, mortality rate, air quality, and economic growth for China, India, Brazil, Turkey, and the USA: MScBVAR and MScBGC analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2248-2263. [PMID: 31776902 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The related literature reveal that the papers on environmental pollution do not sufficiently analyse the cement production which is an important determinant of air pollution and health problems by using econometric methods. To fill this gap, this paper aims to examine the relationship between cement production, air pollution, mortality rate, and economic growth by employing MS Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (MScBVAR) and Markov Switching Bayesian Granger causality (MScBGC) approaches from 1960 to 2017 for China, Brazil, India, Turkey and the USA. MSIA(2)-BVAR(1) model for China, MSIAH(2)-BVAR(3) models for India, MSIAH(3)-BVAR(2) for Brazil, and MSIAH(3)-BVAR(1) for Turkey, and MSIAH(2)-BVAR(2) for the USA were selected. The MScBGC results revealed that the cement production is granger cause of mortality rate, air pollution, and economic growth in all regimes for China, India, Brazil, Turkey, and the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melike E Bildirici
- Economics Department, FEAS, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang C, Li X, Zhou Z. Spatial and temporal variation, source profile of PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere of a municipal waste incinerator in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109615. [PMID: 31518826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mass concentrations, toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) concentrations and congener profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the stack flue gas and ambient air of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) were monitored in this study to evaluate the levels, emission characteristics, seasonal variation and emission sources of PCDD/Fs. Thirty-one ambient air samples were collected from four sites around MSWI during 2016-2017, and twelve stack flue gas samples were collected from one MSWI. Results showed that the PCDD/Fs concentrations of the stack flue gas ranged from 0.0077 to 0.021 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, with an average value of 0.016 ng I-TEQ/Nm3. The ambient air samples collected in 2016 and 2017 ranged from 0.017 to 0.27, and 0.035-0.27 pg I-TEQ/Nm3, with an average value of 0.078 and 0.10 pg I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. The 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-PCDF always contributes most to toxicity both in stack flue gas and ambient air samples. PCDD/Fs in the ambient air of the study area showed significant seasonal differences, and the total concentration of PCDD/Fs was highest in winter, which was about 3.5-7.5 times that of summer. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to determine the correlation between MSWI emissions and PCDD/Fs in ambient air. It is worth mentioning that MSWI is not the main source of PCDD/Fs in ambient air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Li
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Pham MTN, Anh HQ, Nghiem XT, Tu BM, Dao TN, Nguyen MH. Characterization of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in flue gas from thermal industrial processes in Vietnam: A comprehensive investigation on emission profiles and levels. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:238-246. [PMID: 30877918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The emission profiles and levels of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (U-POPs) comprising polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were comprehensively investigated in flue gas released from 20 facilities belonging to 11 thermal industrial processes in Vietnam. Levels and patterns of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in flue gas samples varied widely between sectors and different facilities in the same sector, suggesting different formation mechanisms involved. Flue gas concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs generally decreased in the order: industrial waste incinerator > secondary zinc production > coal fired craft boiler > coal fired power plant ≈ medical waste incinerator > steel production ≈ cement production > secondary copper production > coal fired industrial boiler > secondary tin production ≈ municipal waste incinerator. Results obtained from diagnostic ratio and fingerprint analysis have revealed that the stack emissions of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were probably attributed to the de novo formation and incomplete destruction of input materials containing technical PCB oils or paints. The average emission factors of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs ranged from 0.011 to 374 μg WHO-TEQ tonne-1 for the studied facilities. A total emission amount of 4.89-11.4 g WHO-TEQ year-1 was estimated for the 20 facilities investigated in our study. This is the first comprehensive investigation on the unintentional emissions of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs from a wide range of industrial sectors in Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Thi Ngoc Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGAS), Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Xuan Truong Nghiem
- Vietnam-Russia Tropical Center, Ministry of Defense, Nguyen Van Huyen, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Binh Minh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi Nhung Dao
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - My Hang Nguyen
- Water Resources Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 8 Phao Dai Lang, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhong T, Zhang J, Han X, Gongye X, Lyu T, Jiang M, Yu K, Meng X, Cheng D, Lyu H, Zhang T, Zhang L, Liu S. 3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl influences mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in granulosa cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15337-15346. [PMID: 31038814 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
3,3',4,4',5-Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB126) is a persistent organic environmental pollutant which can affect various biological activities of organisms, such as immunity, neurological function, and reproduction. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PCB126 on granulosa cells (GCs). GCs were collected from ovaries in PMSG-treated mice, after 24 hours culture. GCs were then incubated with 10 pg/mL, 100 pg/mL, and 10 ng/mL of PCB126 for another 24 hours. Following these steps, exposed GCs were collected for further experimentation. Our data showed that the number of GCs in the 10 ng/mL PCB126 decreased. Meanwhile, pyknotic nuclei and condensed chromatin increased, while the apoptotic cells in the 10 ng/mL PCB126 group were significantly increased. Furthermore, the expression of the apoptotic executive protein caspase-3 increased after PCB126 treatment. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Bim related to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were also influenced to different degrees. Thus, our data suggested that PCB126 affect the GCs apoptosis, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gongye
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianqi Lyu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Menghan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Microbiome Center (CMC), College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Kaiwei Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Lyu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Clinical Microbiome Center (CMC), College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Raffetti E, Treccani M, Donato F. Cement plant emissions and health effects in the general population: a systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:211-222. [PMID: 30471502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adverse health effects of cement plant exposure have been found in occupational contexts but are less defined for the general population living near plants. We aimed to summarize the evidence on the health effects of people exposed to ambient air pollution by cement plants. A systematic review using Embase, PubMed and Web of Science was performed. We included only non-occupational studies with a comparison group that focused on adverse health outcomes and biomarkers of internal dose or subclinical effect associated with cement plant exposure. Selection of articles was performed by two authors independently. Of 1491 articles identified by the initial search, 24 were included: 17 of them were included in the analysis of adverse health outcomes and 9 in the analysis of biomarkers of internal dose or subclinical effects. The studies were very heterogeneous in study design, measure of cement plant exposure, outcome detection, measure of association and adjustment for confounding. Almost all the studies found positive associations between cement plant exposure and respiratory diseases and symptoms. An excess risk of cancer incidence and mortality in both children and adults mainly concerning respiratory tract cancers was also reported in some studies. Higher values of heavy metals and of a biomarker of renal toxicity were found in the exposed compared to unexposed populations. In conclusion, there is some evidence for a possible role of cement plant exposure on health adverse effects, although many studies had serious or critical risk of bias and overall level of certainty was low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Michele Treccani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang W, Wang Y, Feng W, Wang W, Li P. Theoretical Investigations on the Reactivity of Hydrogen Peroxide toward 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin. Molecules 2018; 23:E2826. [PMID: 30384440 PMCID: PMC6278397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquiring full knowledge of the reactivity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is crucial for the better understanding of the transformation and degradation of TCDD-like dioxins in the environment. To clarify the reactivity of the organic hydroperoxides toward TCDD, in this study, the reactions between the neutral/anion of the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and TCDD have been systematically investigated theoretically. It was found that the neutral H₂O₂ is relatively difficult to react with TCDD compared with its anion, exhibiting the pH dependence of the title reaction. As for the anion of H₂O₂, it reacts with TCDD through two reaction mechanisms, i.e., nucleophilic substitution and nucleophilic addition. For the former, the terminal O atom of HO₂- nucleophilically attacks the C atom of the C-Cl bond in TCDD to form an intermediate containing an O-O bond, accompanying the dissociation of the chlorine atom. For the latter, the terminal O atom of HO₂- can be easily attached to the C atom of the C-O bond in TCDD, resulting in the decomposition of C-O bond and the formation of an intermediate containing an O-O bond. For these formed intermediates in both reaction mechanisms, their O-O bonds can be homolytically cleaved to produce different radicals. In addition, the selected substitution effects including F-, Br-, and CH₃- substituents on the above reactions have also been studied. Hopefully, the present results can provide new insights into the reactivity of the organic hydroperoxides toward TCDD-like environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Wenling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang W, Feng W, Wang W, Li P. Theoretical Investigations on the Reactivity of Methylidyne Radical toward 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-Dioxin: A DFT and Molecular Dynamics Study. Molecules 2018; 23:E2685. [PMID: 30340385 PMCID: PMC6222546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential reactivity of the methylidyne radical (CH) toward 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the reaction mechanism between them has been systematically investigated employing the density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The relevant thermodynamic and kinetic parameters in the possible reaction pathways have been discussed as well as the IR spectra and hyperfine coupling constants (hfcc's) of the major products. Different from the reaction of the CH radical with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, CH radical can attack all the C-C bonds of TCDD to form an initial intermediate barrierlessly via the cycloaddition mechanism. After then, the introduced C-H bond can be further inserted into the C-C bond of TCDD, resulting in the formation of a seven-membered ring structure. The whole reactions are favorable thermodynamically and kinetically. Moreover, the major products have been verified by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The distinct IR spectra and hyperfine coupling constants of the major products can provide some help for their experimental detection and identification. In addition, the reactivity of the CH radical toward the F- and Br-substituted TCDDs has also been investigated. Hopefully, the present findings can provide new insights into the reactivity of the CH radical in the transformation of TCDD-like dioxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Wenling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wei W, Wang W, Xu K, Feng W, Li X, Li P. Theoretical insights into the reaction mechanisms between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran and the methylidyne radical. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21150-21163. [PMID: 35539902 PMCID: PMC9080895 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential role of the methylidyne radical (CH) in the transformation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), in this study, the detailed reaction mechanisms between TCDF and CH radical have been systematically investigated employing the B3LYP method of density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory and ab initio molecular dynamics. It was found that the title reaction is a multi-channel reaction, i.e., the CH radical can attack the C-X (X = C, Cl, H, O) bonds of TCDF via the insertion modes, resulting in the formation of 13 products. Thermodynamically, the whole reaction processes are exothermic and spontaneous since all the enthalpy and Gibbs free energy changes are negative values in the formation processes. Moreover, the thermodynamic stability of the products is controlled by the distribution of the single unpaired electron. Kinetically, the most favorable reaction channel is the insertion of the CH radical into the C-C bond except for the C atoms attached to the chlorine atom. Moreover, the dominant products have been further confirmed by the molecular dynamics. Meanwhile, the IR spectra and hyperfine coupling constants of the dominant products have been investigated to provide helpful information for their identification experimentally. In addition, the reactivity of the CH radical toward the F- and Br-substituted TCDFs has also been investigated. Expectedly, the present findings can enable us to better understand the reactivity of the CH radical toward organic pollutants analogous to TCDF in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Kaining Xu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Wenling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|