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Han Z, Hu R, Zheng X, Zhao Z, Li W, He H, Lin T, Xu H. Feasibility of simultaneous optimization of Anammox start-up and nitrogen removal performance by intermittent dosing of nanoscale zero-valent iron. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131140. [PMID: 39069140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The long acclimation period and sensitivity to environmental conditions of Anammox are the bottlenecks for its promotion and application. An innovative strategy was adopted to accelerate functional microbial enhancement and improve nitrogen removal performance by inoculating cryopreserved Anammox sludge and activated sludge with intermittent dosing of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). The acclimation time was shortened by 76 days with nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) reaching up to 91.07 %. Anammox, NDFO (nitrate/nitrite-dependent Fe(II) oxidation), Feammox (Fe(III) reduction coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation) and abiotic reactions were coupled in the system with nZVI, contributing to 69.79 %, 15.14 %, 9.84 % and 0.25 % of nitrogen removal, respectively. Further microbial analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of functional microorganisms, such as Candidatus Jettenia, Acidovorax and Comamonas. High-efficient nitrogen removal was attribute to the increase of functional genes involved in Anammox, electronic transfer, heme C synthesis and iron metabolism. This work provides an inspiring idea for the mainstream Anammox application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshuo Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Ruijie Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Zhilin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Haidong He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Hang Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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2
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Liu L, Qi WK, Zhang L, Zhang SJ, Ni SQ, Peng Y, Wang C. Treatment of low-C/N nitrate wastewater using a partial denitrification-anammox granule system: Granule reconstruction, stability, and microbial structure analyses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121760. [PMID: 38981264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater discharged into sewer systems is often characterized by high nitrate contents and low C/N ratios, resulting in high treatment costs when using conventional activated sludge methods. This study introduces a partial denitrification-anammox (PD/A) granular process to address this challenge. The PD/A granular process achieved an effluent TN level of 3.7 mg/L at a low C/N ratio of 2.3. Analysis of a typical cycle showed that the partial denitrification peaked within 15 min and achieved a nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio of 86.9%. Anammox, which was activated from 15 to 120 min, contributed 86.2% of the TN removal. The system exhibited rapid recovery from post-organic shock, which was attributed to significant increases in protein content within TB-EPS. Microbial dispersion and reassembly were observed after coexistence of the granules, with Thauera (39.12%) and Candidatus Brocadia (1.25%) identified as key functional microorganisms. This study underscores the efficacy of PD/A granular sludge technology for treating low-C/N nitrate wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei-Kang Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shu-Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Cong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100044, China.
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3
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Liu F, Xu H, Shen Y, Li F, Yang B. Rapid start-up strategy and microbial population evolution of anaerobic ammonia oxidation biofilm process for low-strength wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130201. [PMID: 38092077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in treating low-strength wastewater is limited by the difficulty in enriching anammox bacteria (AnAOB). Here, the first enrichment of AnAOB at a high nitrogen (N) loading rate (NLR) as a strategy was proposed to achieve the rapid start-up of the anammox biofilm process treating low-strength wastewater. The long-term stability of the anammox biofilm process after start-up operating at a low NLR of 0.2-0.4 kg N/(m3⋅d) was evaluated. Results showed that the N removal efficiency was up to 75 % under a low NLR of 0.2 kg N/(m3⋅d) condition. Low-strength organic matter promoted the metabolic coupling between partial denitrifying bacteria (PDB) and AnAOB. The genus Candidatus Brocadia as AnAOB (18 %-27 %) can coexist with Limnobacter (PDB, 9 %-12 %) for efficient N removal. This study offers a rapid start-up strategy of anammox biofilm process in treating low-strength wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjian Liu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yunling Shen
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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4
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Chang G, Yang J, Li X, Liao H, Li S, Hou J, Zhong G, Wang J, Deng M, Xue Y. Iron-modified carriers accelerate biofilm formation and resist anammox bacteria loss in biofilm reactors for partial denitrification-anammox. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130223. [PMID: 38113948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The slow formation of anammox biofilms presents a bottleneck for resolving anammox bacterial loss and achieving stable performance in biofilm-based partial denitrification-anammox (PD-A) processes. This study utilized iron-modified (K1/Fe3O4 NPs) carriers, which were prepared and used for the first time in PD-A processes. Parallel moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) indicated that iron-modified carriers facilitated the formation of biofilms at a faster rate than K1 carriers, consequently improving the nitrogen removal performance of the process by over 40 %. 16S rDNA analysis showed that anammox bacteria were approximately four times more abundant in the iron-modified carrier biofilm than in the K1 carrier biofilm. XPS and zeta potential analysis suggested that the improved microbial affinity of the iron-modified carrier surface caused this. As a result, the iron-modified carriers facilitated the formation of anammox biofilms and enhanced PD-A performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genwang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junhua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Genmao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Mingtao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yiheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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5
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Lin L, Zhang Y, Li YY. Enhancing start-up strategies for anammox granular sludge systems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166398. [PMID: 37604370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been developed as one of the optimal alternatives to the conventional biological nitrogen removal process because of its high nitrogen removal capacity and low energy consumption. However, the slow growth rate of anammox bacteria and its high sensitivity to environmental changes have resulted in fewer anammox sludge sources for process start-up and a lengthy start-up period. Given that anammox microorganisms tend to aggregate, granular-anammox sludge is a frequent byproduct of the anammox process. In this study, we review state-of-the-art strategies for promoting the formation of anammox granules and the start-up of the anammox process based on the literature of the past decade. These strategies are categorized as the transformation of alternative sludge, the addition of accelerators, the introduction of functional carriers, and the implementation of other physical methods. In addition, the formation mechanism of anammox granules, the operational performance of various strategies, and their promotion mechanisms are introduced. Finally, prospects are presented to indicate the gaps in contemporary research and the potential future research directions. This review functions as a summary guideline and theoretical reference for the cultivation of granular-anammox sludge, the start-up of the anammox process, and its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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Wang P, Lu B, Chai X. Rapid start-up and long-term stable operation of the anammox reactor based on biofilm process: Status, challenges, and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139166. [PMID: 37295685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anammox-biofilm processes have great potential for wastewater nitrogen removal, as it overcomes the slow growth and easy loss of AnAOB (anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria). Biofilm carrier is the core part of the Anammox-biofilm reactor and plays a key role in the start-up and long-term operation of the process. Therefore, the research on the biofilm carrier of Anammox-based process was summarized and discussed in terms of configurations and types. In the Anammox-biofilm process, fixed bed biofilm reactor is a relatively mature biofilm carrier configuration and has advantages in terms of nitrogen removal and long-term operational stability, while moving bed biofilm reactor has advantages in terms of start-up time. Although the long-term operational stability of fluidized bed biofilm reactor is good, its nitrogen removal performance needs to be improved. Among the different biofilm carrier categories, the inorganic biofilm carrier has an advantage in start-up time, due to the enhancement of the growth and metabolic of AnAOB by inorganic materials (such as carbon and iron). Anammox-based reactors using organic biofilm carriers, especially suspension carriers, are well-established and more stable in long-term operation. Composite biofilm carriers combine the advantages of several materials, but their complex preparation procedures lead to high costs. In addition, possible research directions for accelerating the start-up and keeping the long-term stable operation of Anammox reactor by biofilm process were highlighted. It is hoped to provide a possible pathway for the rapid start-up of Anammox-based process, and references for the optimization and promotion of process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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7
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Yuan Q, Jia Z, Roots P, Wells G. A strategy for fast anammox biofilm formation under mainstream conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137955. [PMID: 36702412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the bottlenecks to applying anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is the long start-up time, especially under mainstream conditions. This study proposed a strategy for fast anammox biofilm formation under mainstream conditions. By first cultivating an aerobic heterotrophic biofilm, and then transferring to anoxic conditions, a pre-cultivated heterotrophic biofilm can be formed in 12 days. The pre-cultivated heterotrophic biofilm then functions as a "glue" to accelerate anammox bacteria adhesion and biofilm formation. Secondary settled effluent with externally added 15-30 mg-N·L-1 ammonium and nitrite was applied as reactor influent. With a single inoculation of suspended growth anammox-laden biomass and no bioaugmentation, an anammox-enriched biofilm formed after 5 months of operation under uncontrolled temperature of 15-20 °C. Both the nitrogen removal rate and specific anammox activity exponentially increased over the course of study, corresponding to an estimated anammox doubling time of 10.8 days. The biofilm thickness on primed carriers was 2-3 times higher than on the non-primed carriers over the first 5 months of operation, and the hszA gene copy number in primed biofilms revealed was consistently 1 to 2 times higher than the non-primed carrier biofilm, indicating that biofil m carrier priming via selection for a pre-cultivated heterotrophic biofilm base can effectively improve the anammox enrichment rate at early stages of reactor operation. Time, rather than the type of biofilm (primed versus non-primed), had a stronger influence on microbial community structure over the full 230 days of reactor operation. Candidatus Brocadia was the only detected anammox bacteria genus. Overall, pre-cultivation of heterotrophs on biofilm carriers provides a simple route to accelerate anammox-enriched biofilm formation under mainstream conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | - Paul Roots
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | - George Wells
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA.
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Tan Q, Xia S, Xu W, Jian Y. Rapid Start-Up Characteristics of Anammox under Different Inoculation Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2979. [PMID: 36833675 PMCID: PMC9957404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The long multiplication time and extremely demanding enrichment environment requirements of Anammox bacteria (AAOB) have led to difficult reactor start-ups and hindered its practical dissemination. Few feasibility studies have been reported on the recovery of AAOB activity initiation after inlet substrate disconnection caused by an unfavorable condition, and few factors, such as indicators of the recovery process, have been explored. Therefore, in this experiment, two modified expanded granular sludge bed reactors (EGSB) were inoculated with 1.5 L anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) + 1 L Anammox sludge (AMS) (R1) and 2.5 L anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) (R2), respectively. After a long-term (140 days) starvation shock at a high temperature (38 °C), the bacteria population activity recovery experiments were conducted. After 160 days, both reactors were successfully started up, and the total nitrogen removal rates exceeded 87%. Due to the experimental period, the total nitrogen removal rate of R2 was slightly higher than that of R1 in the final stage. However, it is undeniable that R2 had a relatively long activity delay during startup, while R1 had no significant activity delay during startup. The sludge obtained from R1 had a higher specific anammox activity (SAA). Analysis of the extracellular polymer substances (EPS) results showed that the extracellular polymer content in R1 was higher than that in R2 throughout the recovery process, indicating that R1 had higher sludge stability and denitrification performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that more extracellular filamentous bacteria could be seen in the R1 reactor with better morphology of Anammox bacteria. In contrast, the R2 reactor had fewer extracellular hyphae and micropores as a percentage and higher filamentous bacteria content. The results of microbial 16SrDNA analysis showed that R1 used AAOB as inoculum to initiate Anammox, and the reactor was enriched with Anammox bacteria earlier and in much greater abundance than R2. The experimental results indicated that inoculating mixed anaerobic granular sludge and Anammox sludge to initiate an anammox reactor was more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tan
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Suhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Wenlai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
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Lin L, Ishida K, Zhang Y, Usui N, Miyake A, Abe N, Li YY. Improving the biomass retention and system stability of the anammox EGSB reactor by adding a calcium silicate hydrate functional material. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159719. [PMID: 36302421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving the biomass retention and the sludge system stability to promote the full-scale application of anammox process is the focus of current related research. In this study, a calcium silicate hydrate functional material with calcium-releasing ability and weak alkalinity was used for an enhanced anammox process. In the long-term operation, an increase in the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) from 2.75 to 13.38 gN/L/d was achieved after 50 days of operation, with the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia increased from 40.1 % to 47.0 %. The anammox activity was strengthened from 0.089 to 0.55 gN/gVSS/d over 50 days, with a growth rate being fitted at 0.0310 d-1. The resilience of the EGSB anammox system after inhibitions was investigated by substrate shock and low pH shock in long-term operation and batch test. Besides that, the phosphorus removal efficiency of the reactor reached up to 90 % under the positive effect of functional material. The functional material was shown to continuously provide calcium in the long-term for the reaction of hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation, which further improved the granular properties of the sludge and the biomass retention ability of the reactor. The promotion effect of functional material on the sludge granulation and anammox microbes retaining efficiency was the key for a high-resilience anammox EGSB reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kyuto Ishida
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Norihiro Usui
- Central Research Laboratory, Taiheiyo Cement Corp., 2-4-2, Osaku, Sakura, Chiba 285-8655, Japan
| | - Ayaka Miyake
- Central Research Laboratory, Taiheiyo Cement Corp., 2-4-2, Osaku, Sakura, Chiba 285-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Abe
- Environmental Business Development Department, Taiheiyo Cement Corp., 1-1-1, Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8503, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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10
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Li J, Liu X, Gu P, Cui B, Yang Q, Zeng W. N 2O production and emission pathways in anammox biofilter for treating wastewater with low nitrogen concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158282. [PMID: 36030857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) is a cost-effective nitrogen removal process, nitrous oxide (N2O) production will greatly reduce the advantages of this process. It is important to identify the N2O emission pathways and then reduce the N2O production in anammox system. To date, very limited research has been done to investigate the N2O production and N2O emission pathways in anammox biofilter. In this study, N2O production were investigated under different filtration rates in anammox biofilter for treating wastewater with low nitrogen concentrations, and N2O emission pathways were analyzed with batch tests using N2O microsensor and stable isotope mass spectrometry. The results showed N2O production increased with the increase of filtration rates in anammox biofilter, where the N2O emission factor increased from 0.012 % at 1.0 m/h to 0.496 % at 3.0 m/h. And the optimal operation condition was at filtration rate of 1.5 m/h, where NH4+-N and NO2--N removal efficiencies reached 99 % and N2O concentration was the lowest. qPCR showed that anammox bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were all present in anammox biofilter, with anammox bacteria in the highest abundance. And nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria provided the possibility of N2O production. The batch tests and stable isotope mass spectrometry analysis indicated that nitrifier denitrification, hydroxylamine oxidation and endogenous heterotrophic denitrification were N2O production pathways in aerobic zone and anoxic zone of anammox biofilter, respectively. In addition, batch tests under different conditions showed no oxygen environment could reduce N2O production. Therefore, the production of N2O in anammox system is a problem that cannot be ignored and should be paid more attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Pengchao Gu
- Beijing Drainage Grp. Co. Ltd. BDG, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Bin Cui
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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11
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Lu Y, Wang J, Feng Y, Li H, Wang Z, Chen H, Suo N, Yu Y. Nitrogen removal performance and rapid start-up of anammox process in an electrolytic sequencing batch reactor (ESBR). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136293. [PMID: 36058372 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the electrolytic sequencing batch reactor (ESBR) with different current densities was constructed to investigate the nitrogen removal performance and rapid start-up of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process. The changes of total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR), specific anammox activity (SAA) and nitrogen concentration under different current densities were analyzed, and then the effect of the optimal current density on the start-up of anammox in ESBR was explored. The results showed that ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency (92.7%), nitrite nitrogen removal efficiency (15.5%) and total nitrogen removal efficiency (28.1%) were obtained with the TNRR and SAA were 0.0118 g N L-1 d-1 and 0.0050 g N (g Vss d)-1, respectively under the optimal conditions (i.e., current density = 0.10 mA cm-2, temperature = 36 °C and pH = 7.6). In addition, the stoichiometric ratio indicated that anammox was initiated successfully for 91 days in ESBR with the current density of 0.10 mA cm-2, which was shortened by 10 days compared with the conventional SBR without current density. These results suggest that an array of rapid start-up processes of anammox can be developed through applying current density to stimulate the activity of anammox bacteria (AnAOB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Lu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Juanting Wang
- Shandong Linuo Paradigma Co., Ltd, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Honglan Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Everbright Water (Jinan) Co., Ltd, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Ning Suo
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yanzhen Yu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250022, China
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12
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The granular sludge membrane bioreactor: A new tool to enhance Anammox performance and alleviate membrane fouling. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Yin X, Wen J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhao J. Long-Term Performance of Nitrogen Removal and Microbial Analysis in an Anammox MBBR Reactor with Internal Circulation to Provide Low Concentration DO. TOXICS 2022; 10:640. [PMID: 36355932 PMCID: PMC9698524 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The anammox process is considered as a revolutionary new denitrification technology. In this study, the anammox process was started in a single-stage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and the mechanism of excess removal of ammonia nitrogen was studied. At stage I (day 0-51), anammox bacteria (AnAOB) was enriched by feeding synthetic sewage without adding organic carbon. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was maintained at about 54% and the removal rate of total inorganic nitrogen was maintained at about 62%. At stage II (day 52-91), internal circulation was added into the MBBR. After adding internal circulation, the ammonium removal efficiency reached about 96% (at day 56) and the total nitrogen removal efficiency reached about 86%. At day 90, the biofilm sample was drowned out for high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the relative abundance of AnAOB was 23.23%. The dominant anammox genus was Candidatus Brocadia. The relative abundance of Nitrosomonas (ammonia oxidizing bacteria, AOB) was 0.63%. The excess ammonia nitrogen was removed by AOB and AnAOB through the partial nitrification and anammox (PNA) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Yin
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 401120, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jujiao Zhao
- School of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
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14
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Luo J, Yang J, Li S, Li X, Chang G, Yang Y. Initiating an anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor by inoculation with starved anaerobic ammonium oxidation sludge and modified carriers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127438. [PMID: 35700901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged starved anammox sludge (SAS) obtained during initial rejuvenation was inoculated into a reactor together with activated sludge (AS), anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) and modified carriers consisting of honeycomb carrier with high biological interception and activated carbon carrier with high adsorption performance. SAS accounted for 5% of the inoculated sludge. The anammox process was started and operated at around 25℃. After 160 days, the nitrogen loading rate and nitrogen removal rate reached 1.12 kgN·m-3·d-1 and 0.97 kgN·m-3·d-1, respectively. Obvious red anammox biofilms were observed on the modified carriers. Microbial community analysis showed that the relative abundance of anammox bacteria increased from < 0.1% to 22.96%. Candidatus Jettenia and Candidatus Brocadia were the dominating anammox species. This work demonstrates the potential to reuse SAS to improve the start-up efficiency of anammox reactors, which makes good economic sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Genwang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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15
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Wang J, Liang J, Ning D, Zhang T, Wang M. A review of biomass immobilization in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox systems: Advances, issues, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:152792. [PMID: 35033568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two biomass immobilization techniques; entrapment and carrier-based, attract increasing attention in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advances, outstanding issues, and future research directions in this field. The application of both entrapment and carrier-based biofilm immobilization for reactor start up, improving the nitrogen removal performance, and protecting autotrophic bacteria from environmental fluctuations in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox systems are summarized and discussed. The key characteristics of carriers for biomass immobilization are biocompatibility for supporting microbial growth, permeability for effective mass transfer, and physical/chemical stability for long-term use. Carriers without these characteristics must be improved and re-evaluated for their feasibility in applications. Lab-scale, pilot, and full-scale studies are needed to overcome the potential obstacles of preliminary studies, and to investigate the long-term performance of biomass immobilization techniques, especially using real wastewater as influent, which may introduce more complexity and threaten the carrier's immobilization. In addition, calculating the 'nitrogen removal rate normalized by the packing ratio of carriers (NRR-C)' in the immobilization system is strongly suggested to obtain a direct comparison of immobilization performance/limitations from different studies. This review will improve understanding of the major challenges of immobilization technology in anammox and PN/A systems and provide insights into the next-stage of research and full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jidong Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Dingying Ning
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tengge Zhang
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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16
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Fofana R, Peng B, Huynh H, Sajjad M, Jones K, Al-Omari A, Bott C, Delgado Vela J, Murthy S, Wett B, Debarbadillo C, De Clippeleir H. Media selection for anammox-based polishing filters: Balancing anammox enrichment and retention with filtration function. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10724. [PMID: 35614874 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Retrofitting conventional denitrification filters into partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA)- or anammox (AnAOB)-based filters will reduce the needs for external carbon addition. The success of AnAOB-based filters depends on anammox growth and retention within such filters. Studies have overlooked the importance of media selection and its impact on AnAOB capacity, head loss progression dynamics, and shear conditions applied onto the AnAOB biofilm. The objective of this study was to evaluate viable media types (10 types) that can enhance AnAOB rates for efficient nitrogen removal in filters. Given the higher backwash requirement and lower AnAOB capacity of the conventionally used sand, expanded clay (3-5 mm) was recommended for AnAOB-based filters in this study. Owing to its surface characteristics, expanded clay had higher AnAOB activity (304- vs. 104-g NH4 + -N/m2 /day) and higher AnAOB retention (43% more) than sand. Increasing the iron content of expanded clay to 37% resulted in an increase in zeta potential, which led to 56% more anammox capacity compared to expanded clay with 7% iron content. This work provides insight into the importance of media types in the growth and retention of AnAOB in filters, and this knowledge could be used as basis in the development of PdNA filters. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Expanded clay showed the lowest head loss buildup and most likely will result in longer runtime for full-scale PdNA applications The highest AnAOB rates were achieved in expanded clay types and sand compared with smaller media typically used in biofiltration Expanded clay resulted in better AnAOB retention under shear, whereas sand could not withstand shear and required more frequent backwashing Expanded clay iron coating enhanced AnAOB enrichment and retention, most likely due to increased surface roughness and/or positive charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Fofana
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bo Peng
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Huu Huynh
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mehran Sajjad
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kimberly Jones
- Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Omari
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
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17
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Tian X, Schopf A, Amaral-Stewart B, Christensson M, Morgan-Sagastume F, St-Pierre JP, Vincent S, Mercier É, Zhang X, Delatolla R. Carrier surface modification for enhanced attachment and growth of anammox biofilm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:151317. [PMID: 34757102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates and compares the ammonia removal kinetics, attachment, biofilm development and anammox bacteria enrichment on various surface modified carriers throughout the 163 days of start-up of an MBBR system: virgin, dextran-functionalized carriers, silica-functionalized and pre-seeded denitrifying carriers. Silica-functionalized carriers along with pre-seeded denitrifying carriers induced significant higher kinetics, faster biofilm growth and greater anammox bacteria enrichment during the 64 days of operation compared to non-modified virgin and dextran-functionalized carriers. The elevated anammox bacteria counts along with the elevated kinetics of all carriers measured at day 106 indicated that the completed biofilm growth and biofilm maturation are achieved prior to or at day 106 of start-up. The NH4+-N removal rate for virgin, dextran-functionalized, silica-functionalized and pre-seeded denitrifying carriers were achieved 0.684 ± 0.019, 0.608 ± 0.016, 0.634 ± 0.017 and 0.665 ± 0.018 g NH4+-N/m2/d, respectively, at day 106. The results demonstrate that the silica-functionalized and pre-seeded denitrifying carriers offer advantages during the early stage of start-up while the dextran-functionalized carriers did not reduce the start-up period for anammox biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Schopf
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Amaral-Stewart
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Magnus Christensson
- Anoxkaldnes - Veolia Water Technologies AB, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Vincent
- Veolia Water Technologies Canada, 4105 Rue Sartelon, Saint-Laurent H4S 2B3, QC, Canada
| | - Élisabeth Mercier
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Engineering Research Center of Chemical Engineering Separation Process Intensification, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Robert Delatolla
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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18
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Gomaa OM, Abd El Kareem H, Selim N. Nitrate modulation of Bacillus sp. biofilm components: a proposed model for sustainable bioremediation. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2185-2197. [PMID: 34510307 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of different pollutants in wastewater hinder microbial growth, compromise enzymatic activity or compete for electrons required for bioremediation pathway. Therefore, there is a need to use a single microorganism that is capable of tolerating different toxic compounds and can perform simultaneous bioremediation. In the present study, nitrate reducing bacteria capable of decolorizing azo dye was identified as Bacillus subtillis sp. DN using protein profiling, morphological and biochemical tests X-ray diffraction pattern, Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry confirm that the bacterium under study possesses membrane-bound nitrate reductase and that is capable of direct electron transfer. The addition of nitrate concentrations (0-50 mM) resulted in increased biofilm formation with variable exopolysaccharides, protein, and eDNA. Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum revealed the presence of a biopolymer at high nitrate concentrations. Effective capacitance and conductivity of the cells grown in different nitrate concentrations suggest changes in the relative position of polar groups, their relative orientation and permeability of cell membrane as detected by dielectric spectroscopy. The increase in biofilm shifted the removal of the azo dye from biodegradation to bioadsorption. Our results indicate that nitrate modulates biofilm components. Bacillus sp. DN granular biofilm can be used for simultaneous nitrate and azo dye removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola M Gomaa
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Tecnology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hussein Abd El Kareem
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Tecnology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabila Selim
- Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Huang T, Zhao J, Wang S, Lei L. Fast start-up and enhancement of partial nitritation and anammox process for treating synthetic wastewater in a sequencing bath biofilm reactor: Strategy and function of nitric oxide. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125225. [PMID: 34020874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the partial nitritation and anammox (PN-A) process was initiated within 30 days in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) by employing pre non-aeration and post non-aeration with fixed aeration rates. The average ammonia removal efficiency (ARE), total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) of 98.5 ± 1.5% and 89.5 ± 1.6% were achieved. By doubling aeration rate and agitation rate and adopting pre non-aeration, the TNRR was promoted from 0.135 ± 0.013 kg N·m-3·d-1 to 0.285 ± 0.015 kg N·m-3·d-1, obtaining an average ARE and TNRE of 97.5 ± 1.5% and 85.5 ± 2.6%. Nitric oxide might induce anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) during the start-up stage, and could be an indicator for synergetic state between ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) and AnAOB. Lower nitrous oxide emission factor of 0.51% was obtained. The abundance of AOB, AnAOB and nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) accounted for 1.6%, 19.3% and 0.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Sha Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Lei
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
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20
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Kosgey K, Chandran K, Gokal J, Kiambi SL, Bux F, Kumari S. Critical Analysis of Biomass Retention Strategies in Mainstream and Sidestream ANAMMOX-Mediated Nitrogen Removal Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9-24. [PMID: 33350826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) represents an energy-efficient process for biological nitrogen removal, particularly from wastewater streams with low chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. Its widespread application, however, is still hampered by a lack of access to biomass-enriched with ANAMMOX bacteria (AMX), slow growth rates of AMX, and their sensitivity to inhibition. Although the coupling of ANAMMOX processes with partial nitrification is already widespread, especially for sidestream treatment, maintaining a functional population density of AMX remains a challenge in these systems. Therefore, strategies that maximize retention of AMX-rich biomass are essential to promote process stability. This paper reviews existing methods of biomass retention in ANAMMOX-mediated systems, focusing on (i) granulation; (ii) biofilm formation on carrier materials; (iii) gel entrapment; and (iv) membrane technology in mainstream and sidestream systems. In addition, the microbial ecology of different ANAMMOX-mediated systems is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiprotich Kosgey
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
- Durban University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Columbia University, Earth and Environmental Engineering, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jashan Gokal
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sammy Lewis Kiambi
- Durban University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
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21
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Wang H, Peng L, Mao N, Geng J, Ren H, Xu K. Effects of Fe 3+ on microbial communities shifts, functional genes expression and nitrogen transformation during the start-up of Anammox process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124326. [PMID: 33166881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of Fe3+ on the start-up of Anammox process was investigated. Four EGSB reactors were operated with the addition of 0 (R1), 0.04 (R2), 0.08 (R3) and 0.14 (R4) mmol/L Fe3+, respectively. The results showed that Fe3+ remarkably improved the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) and operation efficiency of the reactor. After 180 days, the influent NH4+-N concentration in the four reactors was 201.4, 301.8, 343.2, 380.2 mg N/L, and the NLR was 589.3, 877.6, 993.0, 1105.8 mg N/(L·d), respectively. And the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) in R2, R3 and R4 was respectively 1.54, 1.73 and 1.94 times of that in R1. High throughput sequencing revealed that Fe3+ could promote the enrichment of Anammox bacteria Candidatus Brocadia. Moreover, the analysis by qPCR indicated that the abundance of Anammox 16S rRNA gene and the functional gene hzsB increased, which showed a positive correlation with the concentration of Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nianjia Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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22
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Tian X, Schopf A, Amaral-Stewart B, Christensson M, Morgan-Sagastume F, Vincent S, Delatolla R. Anammox attachment and biofilm development on surface-modified carriers with planktonic- and biofilm-based inoculation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124030. [PMID: 32862102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the kinetics, attachment, biofilm development and anammox bacteria enrichment of a novel detached anammox biofilm inoculation method on non-modified virgin MBBR carriers and pre-seeded denitrifying carriers. The study compares these results to the more common use of attached anammox carriers for anammox MBBR inoculation. The anammox bacteria specific attachment-growth rates for virgin carriers inoculated with detached anammox biofilm mass were 38.1% greater for the first 25 days, leading to approximately 30% less time required to achieve complete biofilm coverage than those measured in attached biofilm carrier inoculated systems during the attachment and early biofilm growth stages. The biofilm thickness increase rate was also 52.3% higher for virgin carriers with detached biofilm inoculum. Further, inoculation using pre-seeded denitrifying carriers compared to virgin carriers demonstrated a 13.8% preferential increase in anammox bacteria specific attachment-growth rate and a corresponding 47.2% higher NH4+-N removal rate at the time of biofilm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Schopf
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Amaral-Stewart
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada
| | - Magnus Christensson
- Anoxkaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies AB, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Simon Vincent
- Veolia Water Technologies Canada, 4105 Rue Sartelon, Saint-Laurent H4S 2B3, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Delatolla
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada.
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23
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Lu X, Wang Y, Wang W, Li J, Li B, Huang X. Characteristics of rapid-biofiltering anammox reactor (RBAR) for low nitrogen wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124066. [PMID: 32919287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research provides an important approach for rapid treatment of low nitrogen wastewater through anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), which was realized in a rapid-biofiltering anammox reactor (RBAR). The operation mode of continuous upward flow and gradually shortened hydraulic retention time (HRT) accumulated anammox bacteria effectively in RBAR, where carmine anammox granular sludge and thick biofilm were co-existed, leading the biomass concentration and the specific anammox activity to reach 21.61 gSS/L and 0.82 gN/gVSS·d in the main functional zone. Moreover, the relative abundance of anammox bacteria in the whole reactor was more than 50%, and the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia in the biofilm of 20-47 cm zone reached 71.10%. Results showed that the removal rate and effluent concentration of total nitrogen remained stable at 86.24% and 14.20 mg/L (below 15 mg/L) averagely, under HRT of 32 min when the the nitrogen loading rate was 4.86 kgN/m3·d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Binjuan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
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24
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Ma WJ, Li GF, Huang BC, Jin RC. Advances and challenges of mainstream nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater with anammox-based processes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1899-1909. [PMID: 32306497 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel process of deammonification that exhibits superior ecological and economic potential compared to that of traditional heterotrophic processes. Although this process has been successfully implemented in treating high-strength nitrogen-contaminated wastewater, it still faces many challenges in treating mainstream municipal wastewater. This review aims to provide an overview of the status and challenges of mainstream anammox-based processes. The different configurations and crucial factors are discussed in this review. Finally, the future needs for feasible application are stated. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Factors restricting mainstream application of anammox-based processes are reviewed. Control strategies for selecting and maintaining anammox bacteria are discussed. Recent advances in nitrite production via partial nitrification or denitrification are summarized. Future needs for the feasible application of anammox-based nitrogen removal technology for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Ma
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Feng Li
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Huang X, Mi W, Hong N, Ito H, Kawagoshi Y. Efficient transition from partial nitritation to partial nitritation/Anammox in a membrane bioreactor with activated sludge as the sole seed source. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126719. [PMID: 32298909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) was employed to carry out the partial nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) process from conventional activated sludge. Seed sludge was cultivated under microaerobic conditions for 10 days before seeding into the MBR. The bacterial community was analyzed on the basis of cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Relative slow ammonia oxidation rates (3.2-13.0 mgN/L/d) were established in the microaerobic cultivation period. In the continuous MBR operation, the nitritation was achieved in the first 16 days and the reactor produced a balanced ratio between ammonia and nitrite which favored the proliferation of Anammox bacteria. Efficient transition from PN to PN/A was achieved in two months which was supported by appearance of reddish spots on the reactor inner wall and the concurrent consumption of ammonium and nitrite. The PN/A performed a robust and high-rate nitrogen removal capability and achieved a peak nitrogen removal of 1.81 kg N/m3/d. 16S rRNA gene-based analysis indicated that "Nitrosomonas sp." and "Candidatus Jettenia sp." accounted for ammonia oxidation and nitrogen depletion, respectively. Denitratisoma facilitated denitrification in the reactor. The present study suggested that a pre-cultivation of seed sludge under microaerobic conditions assists fast realization of PN and further convoyed efficient transition from PN to PN/A. Knowledge gleaned from this study is of significance to initiation, operation, and control of MBR-PN/As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Huang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Wenkui Mi
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Nian Hong
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kawagoshi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
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26
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Lu Z, Li D, Jiang L, Chen G, Li K, Liu G. Characterizing the biofilm stoichiometry and kinetics on the media in situ based on pulse-flow respirometer coupling with a new breathing reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126378. [PMID: 32199161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm based systems and the hybrid between activated sludge and biofilms have been popularly applied for wastewater treatment. Unlike the suspended biomass, the biofilm concentration and kinetics on the media cannot be easily measured. In this study, a novel and easy-to-use approach has been developed based on pulse-flow respirometer to characterize the biofilm stoichiometry and kinetics in situ. With the new designed breathing reactor, the mutual interference between the magnetic stirring and biofilm media that happened in the conventional breathing reactor was solved. Moreover, Microsoft Excel based programs had been developed to fit the oxygen uptake rate curves with dynamic nonlinear regression. With this new approach, the yield coefficient, maximum oxidation capacity, and half-saturation constant of substrate for the heterotrophic biofilms in a fix bed reactor were determined to be 0.46 g-VSS/g-COD, 67.0 mg-COD/(h·L-media), and 4.4 mg-COD/L, respectively. Those parameters for biofilm ammonia oxidizers from a moving bed biofilm reactor were determined to be 0.17 g-VSS/g-N, 18.6 mg-N/(h·L-media), and 1.2 mg-N/L, respectively, and they were 0.11 g-VSS/g-N, 20.9 mg-N/(h·L-media), and 0.98 mg-N/L for nitrite oxidizers in the same biofilms. This study also found that the maximum specific substrate utilization rate for detached biofilms increased by 3.2 times, indicating that maintaining biofilm integrity was very important in the kinetic tests. Using this approach, the biofilm kinetics on the media can be regularly measured for treatment optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Lu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials, And Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Deyong Li
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials, And Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lugao Jiang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials, And Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials, And Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kaibin Li
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials, And Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Water Treatment Processes and Materials, And Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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27
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Gu W, Wang L, Liu Y, Liang P, Zhang X, Li Y, Huang X. Anammox bacteria enrichment and denitrification in moving bed biofilm reactors packed with different buoyant carriers: Performances and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137277. [PMID: 32112948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is recognized as the most cost-effective process for nitrogen removal from wastewater. In this study, effects of polyethylene plastics, nonwoven fabric, granular activated carbon (GAC) and polyurethane sponge as buoyant carriers were evaluated in lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). The overall performance of MBBRs with four types of carriers from priority to inferiority was noticed as, GAC, nonwoven fabrics, polyurethane sponge and polyethylene plastics under the same packing ratio of 20 v% and an average carrier size of 4 × 4 × 4 mm. The hydrophobic surface of GAC could selectively adsorb hydrophobic protein and favor anammox bacteria attachment, which contributed to achieving a total nitrogen removal rate of 0.40 kg-N/(m3·d) in 60 days. In conclusion, our results provide compelling evidence for achieving effective anammox process in an MBBR with GAC carriers and would benefit towards accomplishing a stable partial nitritation-anammox process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancong Gu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuyou Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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28
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Dimitrova I, Dabrowska A, Ekström S. Start-up of a full-scale partial nitritation-anammox MBBR without inoculum at Klagshamn WWTP. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:2033-2042. [PMID: 32666956 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) is a useful process for the treatment of nitrogen-rich centrate from the dewatering of anaerobically digested sludge. A one-stage PNA moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was started up without inoculum at Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant, southern Sweden. The reactor was designed to treat up to 200 kgN d-1, and heated dilution water was used during start-up. The nitrogen removal was >80% after 111 days of operation, and the nitrogen removal rate reached 1.8 gN m-2 d1 at 35 °C. The start-up period of the reactor was comparable to that of inoculated full-scale systems. The operating conditions of the system were found to be important, and online control of the free ammonia concentration played a crucial role. Ex situ batch activity tests were performed to evaluate process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Ekström
- VA SYD, P O Box 191, SE-201 21 Malmö, Sweden E-mail:
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29
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Chen Y, Zhao Z, Liu H, Ma Y, An F, Huang J, Shao Z. Achieving stable two-stage mainstream partial-nitrification/anammox (PN/A) operation via intermittent aeration. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125650. [PMID: 31874323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mainstream anammox process has attracted extensive attention recently. Compared to single-stage partial-nitrification/anammox (PN/A) system, two-stage PN/A process was more advantageous for achieving mainstream anammox. However, complex control strategy in partial-nitrification reactor (N-SBR) might not be feasible in practical application. The aim of this study was to provide an easy operation strategy to achieve two-stage PN/A process. Firstly, intermittent aeration was investigated to achieve 100% conversion of ammonium to nitrite in N-SBR. The effluent nitrite concentrations increased from 19.96 to 38.62 mg/L when intermittent aeration ratio (IAC) varied from 30 min/30 min-30 min/15 min. During 125 d's operation of N-SBR, stable partial nitrification performance was obtained through intermittent aeration, without coupling with low dissolve oxygen or short sludge retention time. Then, raw municipal wastewater was directly mixed with N-SBR effluent to provide suitable feed to anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (A-SBR).When the mixture ratio between the raw wastewater and the N-SBR effluent was 2.5, the effluent ammonium and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) was only 0.97 and 2.52 mg N/L, respectively. Additionally, carbon-based pollutants was also removed in the proposed system without any pretreatment, which made the process easier to operate in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Fangjiao An
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Jianming Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Shao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
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30
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Choi M, Chaudhary R, Lee M, Kim J, Cho K, Chung YC, Bae H, Park J. Enhanced selective enrichment of partial nitritation and anammox bacteria in a novel two-stage continuous flow system using flat-type poly (vinylalcohol) cryogel films. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122546. [PMID: 31918295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To improve stability of nitrogen removal in partial nitritation (PN)-anammox process, flat-type cryogel films using poly (vinylalcohol) named as FT-CPVAF were applied in continuous reactors. Stable PN operation was maintained with short acclimation of 8 days and ammonium oxidation rate of 1.68 ± 0.12 kg N m-3 d-1 comparatively higher than previous studies. The nitrogen removal, initially inhibited by an oxygen shock, was immediately reactivated with short lag-period by immobilization of anammox bacteria in FT-CPVAF. A novel two-stage PN-anammox process was operated in a continuous flow using FT-CPVAF for treatment of ammonium-rich synthetic wastewater (influent 315 mg NH4+-N L-1) showing 89.6 ± 0.76% of nitrogen removal at short hydraulic retention time (7.7 h). The use of FT-CPVAF enhanced selective enrichment of AOB and anammox bacter ia confirmed by high-throughput sequencing of i.e., relative abundances of Nitrosomonas europaea C-31 (37.14% in PN reactor) and 'Candidatus Jettenia caeni' (34.36% in anammox reactor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramjee Chaudhary
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Chung
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokwan Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Yi H, Li M, Huo X, Zeng G, Lai C, Huang D, An Z, Qin L, Liu X, Li B, Liu S, Fu Y, Zhang M. Recent development of advanced biotechnology for wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 40:99-118. [PMID: 31690134 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1682964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The importance of highly efficient wastewater treatment is evident from aggravated water crises. With the development of green technology, wastewater treatment is required in an eco-friendly manner. Biotechnology is a promising solution to address this problem, including treatment and monitoring processes. The main directions and differences in biotreatment process are related to the surrounding environmental conditions, biological processes, and the type of microorganisms. It is significant to find suitable biotreatment methods to meet the specific requirements for practical situations. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive overview of optimized biotreatment processes for treating wastewater during different conditions. Both the advantages and disadvantages of these biotechnologies are discussed at length, along with their application scope. Then, we elaborated on recent developments of advanced biosensors (i.e. optical, electrochemical, and other biosensors) for monitoring processes. Finally, we discuss the limitations and perspectives of biological methods and biosensors applied in wastewater treatment. Overall, this review aims to project a rapid developmental path showing a broad vision of recent biotechnologies, applications, challenges, and opportunities for scholars in biotechnological fields for "green" wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minfang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiuqin Huo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwen An
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xigui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bisheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yukui Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
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32
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Zhao Y, Jiang B, Tang X, Liu S. Metagenomic insights into functional traits variation and coupling effects on the anammox community during reactor start-up. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:50-60. [PMID: 31202013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anammox technology is an energy-efficient wastewater treatment process and anammox community structure has gained extensive attention. However, the dynamics of community functional traits are still elusive. Here, we combined the long-term reactor operation and metagenomic, multiple bioinformatic and network analyses to reveal the succession of anammox community and function traits during reactor start-up. We found the cooperation of denitrifiers that affiliated to the phylum Proteobacteria could reduce nitrite to dinitrogen gas. These organisms and genes had higher abundance after the inhibition phase, which could contribute to nitrite consuming and reactor performance recovery. Importantly, the Terrimonas and Anaerolinea organisms had ability of extracellular polymers secretion or aggregate formation. They had the highest abundance at the end of the lag phase, which could benefit for promoting the nitrogen removal rate (NRR). Meanwhile, Terrimonas and Anaerolinea bacteria could cooperate with methanogenic and nitrite-denitrifying methanotrophic organisms based on H2 and CH4, respectively. Since these organisms also had higher abundance after the inhibition phase, their cooperation could prevent anammox bacteria from nitrite inhibiting when the influent nitrite concentration was higher. The analysis of community and function shift is expected to emphasize the importance of functional bacteria in anammox process and provides a potential control strategy for nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xi Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China.
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33
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34
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Wang T, Wang X, Yuan L, Luo Z, Kwame Indira H. Start-up and operational performance of Anammox process in an anaerobic baffled biofilm reactor (ABBR) at a moderate temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:1-9. [PMID: 30710814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale anaerobic baffled biofilm reactor (ABBR) was used as a novel reactor to start up Anammox process at a moderate temperature around 20 °C and an innovative filling module was adopted as support material. Quick start-up of Anammox process from the aerobic activated sludge was achieved after 47 days operation. The max nitrogen loading rate and nitrogen removing rate attained 1.00 kg N m-3 d-1 and 0.90 kg N m-3 d-1 after 161 days operation. Scanning electron microscope photographs showed that the structure as well as the states of the micro-aggregates (micro-aggregates sticking on a non-woven fiber, entangling non-woven fibers and enwrapped by non-woven fibers) enhanced biomass retention for Anammox bacteria. Microbial community analysis showed that Anammox bacteria were effectively enriched with Candidatus Brocadia, Candidatus Jettenia and Candidatus Kuenenia being the main Anammox species in the mature biofilms. This contributed to the excellent Anammox operation performance at the moderate temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Luzi Yuan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Hengue Kwame Indira
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
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35
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Liu D, Li C, Guo H, Kong X, Lan L, Xu H, Zhu S, Ye Z. Start-up evaluations and biocarriers transfer from a trickling filter to a moving bed bioreactor for synthetic mariculture wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:696-704. [PMID: 30504045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mariculture wastewater treatment by nitrification requires a long start-up time due to high salinity stress. This study aimed to verify the faster start-up of a trickling filter (TF) compared to a moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) treating synthetic mariculture wastewater, and to investigate the feasibility of transferring mature biocarriers from the TF to a new MBBR (TF-MBBR). The nitrogen removal performance, biofilm physicochemical properties and microbial communities were investigated. The results obtained showed that, the TF started up 41 days faster than the MBBR, despite the richer microbial diversity in the latter. Lower biofilm roughness and protein content as well as higher adhesive force and polysaccharide content in the TF were obtained compared to the MBBR. Adhesive force was found to be negatively correlated with roughness (r = -0.630, p = 0.069). Transmittance assigned to amide II (1538 cm-1) and amid III (1243 cm-1) through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) determination was only obtained in the TF, which was likely related to the faster start-up. Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were detected as the predominant nitrifiers in both reactors. In addition, the new MBBR, incubated with the mature biocarriers transferred from the TF, had a satisfactory nitrification performance with no lag time. Interestingly, the transfer action increased the microbial diversity and made the biofilm physicochemical characteristics shift toward those of the MBBR. Taken together, the study confirmed that MBBR nitrification start-up can be accelerated via TF and biocarrier transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hengbo Guo
- School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xianwang Kong
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lihua Lan
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangying Ye
- Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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36
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Yang Y, Li Y, Gu Z, Lu F, Xia S, Hermanowicz S. Quick start-up and stable operation of a one-stage deammonification reactor with a low quantity of AOB and ANAMMOX biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:933-941. [PMID: 30453263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a quick start-up of one-stage deammonification in an immobilized aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anoxic ammonium oxidizing (ANAMMOX) bacteria up-flow reactor (IAAR) was successfully achieved. With the aid of gel layers, AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria had excellent spatial distribution, theoretically meeting dissolved oxygen requirements for the simultaneous processes of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing. The results indicated that an IAAR containing 0.4 g-VSS L-1 immobilized biomass achieved a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.53 kg-N m-3 d-1 after only 10 days of operation and subsequently reached a maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRRmax) of 3.73 kg-N m-3 d-1. The micro-profiles of DO and pH were measured using microelectrodes to help understand the stratification of the microbial processes inside the gel layers. The distribution of AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria within the gel layers was verified using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. The community distribution in the FISH three-dimensional images closely corresponded to the micro-profiles of DO concentration and pH, enabling rapid adaptation and stable operation of the reactor seeded with a quite low quantity of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zaoli Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Slawomir Hermanowicz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University Shenzhen, PR China
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Shi ZJ, Xu LZJ, Wu D, Cheng YF, Zhang FY, Liao SM, Zhang ZZ, He MM, Jin RC. Anammox granule as new inoculum for start-up of anaerobic sulfide oxidation (ASO) process and its reverse start-up. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:279-288. [PMID: 30419382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of implementing anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granules to start up high-loading anaerobic sulfide oxidation (ASO) in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor was investigated. An innovation method of the reverse start-up of anammox was also validated. Firstly, the reactor was operated to treat sulfide-rich wastewaters into which nitrite was introduced as an electron acceptor. An high-rate performance with sulfide and nitrate removal rates of 105.5 ± 0.11 kg S m-3 d-1 and 28.45 ± 3.40 kg N m-3 d-1, respectively, was accomplished. Sulfurovum were enriched with the increase of the substrate load and then conquered Candidatus Kuenenia to be the predominant bacteria. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy showed that the intensities of fluorescence decreased and protein-like substrates were the main components associated with the process of start-up. FT-IR analysis found that the main functional groups indicator were O-H groups. Secondly, the reverse start-up of anammox (achieving 90% TN removal) was achieved immediately when the substrate changed. 16S rRNA analysis indicated the successfully enrichment of anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia). These results suggest that anammox granules can act as inoculum of high-loading ASO process and the reverse start-up provides a new perspective for the fast initiation of anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Fu-Yue Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Si-Mo Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Miao-Miao He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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38
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Ismail S, Elsamadony M, Fujii M, Tawfik A. Evaluation and optimization of anammox baffled reactor (AnBR) by artificial neural network modeling and economic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:500-506. [PMID: 30201321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anammox baffled reactor (AnBR) had a moderate start-up period of 53 days. Interestingly, tangled relationships between key parameters affecting anammox performance were observed, i.e., polynomial function for nitrogen loading rate (NLR) with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), linear relationships between EPS with granules diameter, granules diameter with settling velocity, and settling velocity with biomass concentration. The correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.97, 0.84, 0.86, and 0.88, respectively. Furthermore, a multi-layered feed forward artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized for simulating and predicting the performance of AnBR. An ANN structure of two hidden layers with four neurons at 1st layer and eight neurons at 2nd layer achieved the best goodness of fit with the minimum mean squared error (MSE) and maximum R2 of 0.002 and 0.99, respectively. Additionally, economic assessment stated that using AnBR at NLR of 4.04 ± 0.10 kg-N/m3/day achieved the maximum net present value of $48100.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ismail
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology E-JUST, P.O. Box 179 New Borg Al Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; Environmental Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Elsamadony
- Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta City 31521, Egypt
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
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