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Gigl F, Abdullahi M, Barnard M, Hollert H, Orsini L. Interactions between phenanthrene exposure and historical chemical stress: Implications for fitness and ecological resilience of the sentinel species Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174963. [PMID: 39069192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) arise from incomplete combustion of oil, coal, and gasoline, with lipophilic properties facilitating their widespread distribution and persistence. Due to their biochemical attributes, PAHs can accumulate in animal tissues, potentially causing mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Since the industrial revolution, PAH concentrations in the environment have risen, with lakes showing levels from 0.159 to 33,090 μg/kg sediment. Despite acute toxicity studies showing adverse effects on freshwater organisms, the long-term impacts and synergistic interactions with other pollutants remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the impact of phenanthrene (PHE), a prominent PAH found in aquatic environments, on Daphnia magna, a species of significant ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems globally, being both a sentinel species for chemical pollution and a keystone organism in freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Leveraging the dormancy of D. magna, which spans decades or even centuries, we exposed strains with diverse histories of chemical contaminant exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PHE. Initially, acute exposure experiments were conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines across 16 Daphnia strains, revealing substantial variation in acute toxic responses, with strains naïve to chemical pollutants showing the lowest toxicity. Utilizing the median effect concentration EC10 derived from acute exposures, we assessed the impacts of chronic PHE exposure on life history traits and ecological endpoints of the 16 strains. To elucidate how historical exposure to other environmental stressors may modulate the toxicity of PHE, temporal populations of D. magna resurrected from a lake with a well-documented century-spanning history of environmental impact were utilized. Our findings demonstrate that PHE exposure induces developmental failure, delays sexual maturation, and reduces adult size in Daphnia. Populations of Daphnia historically exposed to chemical stress exhibited significantly greater fitness impacts compared to naïve populations. This study provides crucial insights into the augmented effects of PAHs interacting with other environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gigl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Muhammad Abdullahi
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marianne Barnard
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luisa Orsini
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK
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Li T, Nie N, Miao Y, Zhao D, Liu M. Spatiotemporal distribution and inter-media transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Shanghai, China: Historical patterns and future trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173938. [PMID: 38880146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent pervasive pollutants, posing health risks in urban environments. It is essential to comprehend the spatiotemporal distributions, composition profiles, and inter-media transfer processes of PAHs in various environmental compartments, influenced by both natural changes and anthropogenic activities. This study integrates historical and future spatiotemporally changing environmental parameters, including climate data, GDP, population data, land-use types, and hydrological variables, into the Multimedia Urban Model (MUM). This integration enables the simulation of spatiotemporal distributions and inter-media transfer fluxes of PAHs among six different media from the 2010s to the 2100s under two distinct Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) scenarios in the megacity of Shanghai, China. The MUM model, featuring diverse gridded parameters, effectively captures PAH concentrations and movement across environmental compartments. Results indicate a decreasing trend in PAHs concentrations in the 2100s compared to the 2010s, with PAH concentrations in water, sediment, vegetation, and organic film covering impermeable surfaces under the SSP3-7.0 scenario higher than those of the SSP1-2.6 scenario. Low molecular weight PAHs dominate in the sediment, water, and air, whereas high molecular weight PAHs prevail in the organic film, vegetation, and soil. Sediment and soil serve as the predominant sinks for PAHs. The primary transport processes for PAH movement include air-film, air-soil, film-water, soil-air, and water-air. Almost all transfer fluxes exhibit a declining trend in future periods except for the air-film transport pathway. The principal input and removal routes for PAHs in Shanghai involve the advection of air and water. The study provides essential insights into the environmental behavior of PAHs and informs targeted pollution control in Shanghai. Additionally, it serves as a technical reference for similar pollution prediction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ning Nie
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Yiyi Miao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dengzhong Zhao
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
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Pi W, Qu C, Ding Y, Li X, Liu A, Li W, De Vivo B, Fortelli A, Qi S, Albanese S. Cross-media transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Naples metropolitan area, southern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173695. [PMID: 38834099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
At present, an in-depth knowledge of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the multimedia system of the urban environment remains limited. Taking the Naples metropolitan area (NMA) for instance, we simulated the cross-media transfer of PAHs using a multimedia urban model, involving air, water, soil, sediment, vegetation, and impervious film. The results indicated that the predicted PAH values in 2015 match well with their corresponding in-situ monitoring data. The PAH emission inventory and the simulated mass in various media all showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020 due to national energy conservation policies and Corona Virus Disease 2019. The simulated mass of PAHs in the soil and sediment phases was 896.8 and 232.7 kg in 2020, respectively, contributing together to 96.7% of PAHs in the NMA. And they were identified as the greatest sinks for PAHs, and exhibited the longest retention duration, with values of PAH persistence reaching approximately 548.8 - 2,0642.3 hours. The results of transfer fluxes indicated that local emissions and atmospheric advection were the primary routes affecting the distribution of PAHs. The sensitivity analysis indicated that atmospheric advection rate was the most critical parameter for air, soil, vegetation, and film, whereas water concentration and sediment degradation rate were vital for water and sediment, respectively. This study offered valuable insights into how human activity contributes to the status and fate of PAHs in the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengkai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiaoshui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Benedetto De Vivo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; Pegaso On-Line University, Naples 80132, Italy
| | - Alberto Fortelli
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Stefano Albanese
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
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Wang X, Chen Y, Chen T, Guo L, Yang Z, Chen Y, Yu Z, Liu X, Wang H. Lagging pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rebuilt e-waste site: From the perspective of characteristics, sources, and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172406. [PMID: 38642745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Little information is known regarding how the lagged pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) influenced the environment and human health after an e-waste dismantling site was rebuilt. This study investigated the characteristics, sources, and risk assessment of PAHs in a rebuilt e-waste site and its surrounding farmland by analyzing the samples of soil, dust, water, and vegetable. Concentrations of PAHs in soil, vegetable and water in the rebuilt site were relatively higher than in its surrounding farmland. The concentrations in surface soils, soil columns, dust, vegetables, and water varied from 55.4 to 3990 ng g-1, 1.65 to 5060 ng g-1, 2190 to 2420 ng g-1, 2670 to 10,300 ng g-1, and 46.8 to 110 μg L-1 in the e-waste site, respectively. On the farmland, PAH concentrations in surface soils, vegetables, and water ranged from 41.5 to 2760 ng g-1, 506 to 7640 ng g-1, and 56.6 to 89.2 μg L-1, respectively. A higher proportion of high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) appeared in all multimedia compared with low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs). Diagnostic ratio together with positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed that vehicle emission was the primary source in this area, and the activity of e-waste disposal was another important source in the rebuilt e-waste site. Based on the deterministic health risks, people working in the reconstructed e-waste site were exposed to low risks, whereas the residents living near the surrounding farmland were exposed to low risk. Sensitivity analyses indicated that exposure frequency and PAH concentrations were the main factors that influenced exposure risk. This study provides valuable insight into the comprehension of the lagging pollution effects of PAH on the environment and human health after the e-waste site was rebuilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yandao Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Longxiu Guo
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environment & Resource Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources & Environment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhang S, Xu D, Tian W, Lu Z, Zhou Y, Chu M, Zhao J, Liu B, Cao H, Zhang R, Chen Z. The effect of bioturbation on the release behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediments: A sediment-seawater microcosm experiment combined with a fugacity model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123933. [PMID: 38583795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The effects of two benthonic species, Perinereis aibuhitensis and Matuta planipes Fabricius, on the release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sediments were investigated using a sediment-seawater microcosm. A Level IV fugacity model was used to simulate the behavior and fate of PAHs in the environment. This study revealed that both benthos significantly influenced the release of PAHs, and Matuta planipes Fabricius had a stronger disturbance effect than another. The final concentrations of Matuta planipes Fabricius group, Perinereis aibuhitensis group and the control group in the seawater phase reached 10.8, 9.94 and 7.90 μg/L, respectively. There were certain differences in the behaviour of the two benthonic species. Matuta planipes Fabricius caused more sediment resuspension, while Perinereis aibuhitensis increased the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the environment. The vertical concentration distribution of sediment indicated that vertical mixing was slightly stronger in the Matuta planipes Fabricius group than that in the Perinereis aibuhitensis group. The fugacity model effectively simulated the release behavior of PAHs, providing insight into PAH transport and distribution. The results demonstrated that bioturbation could promote the release of PAHs from seawater. The amount of PAHs released was significantly correlated with the biological habits of the benthos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Dongpo Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Weijun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, PR China.
| | - Zhiyang Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Standard Testing Group Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Meile Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Bingkun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Huimin Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
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Chen X, Wang M, Xie T, Jiang R, Chen W. Space-specific flux estimation of atmospheric chemicals from point sources to soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123831. [PMID: 38513940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Predicting chemical flux to soil from industrial point sources accurately at a regional scale has been a significant challenge due to high uncertainty in spatial heterogeneity and quantification. To address this challenge, we developed an innovative approach by combining California Air Resources Board Puff (CALPUFF) and mass balance models, leveraging their complementary strengths in quantitative accuracy and spatial precision. Specifically, CALPUFF was used to predict the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) flux to soil due to industrial sources. Additionally, the spatial distribution coefficient of PAHs flux (e.g., si for spatial unit i) was calculated by neural network and combined with the mass balance model to obtain the results of total PAHs fluxes, which were then combined with the results predicted by CALPUFF to effectively estimate the contribution of industrial sources to soil PAHs flux. Taking a petrochemical industry region located in Zhejiang province, China as a case study, results showed the input Phenanthrene (Phe) and Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) fluxes predicted by CALPUFF were generally lower than those by the mass balance model, with slightly different distribution patterns. CALPUFF results, based on 36 industrial sources, partially represent those of the mass balance model, which includes all sources and pathways. It was suggested that industrial sources contributed 49%-89% and 65%-100% of soil Phe and BaP, respectively across the study area. The average Phe flux from point sources by deposition averaged 2.68 mg m-2∙a-1 in 2021, accounting for approximately 60% of the total Phe flux to soil. The average BaP flux from point sources by deposition averaged 0.0755 mg m-2∙a-1, accounting for only 0.1%-3.65% of the total BaP flux to soil. Thereby, our approach fills up a gap between the relevance to point sources and the accuracy of deposition quantification in estimating chemical flux from specific point sources to soil at a regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Wang W, Chen S, Chen L, Wang L, Chao Y, Shi Z, Lin D, Yang K. Drivers distinguishing of PAHs heterogeneity in surface soil of China using deep learning coupled with geo-statistical approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133840. [PMID: 38394897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have reported the influencing factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soil from source, process or soil perspectives, the mechanism of PAHs heterogeneity in surface soil are still not well understood. In this study, the effects of 16 PAHs in surface soil of China sampled between 2003 and 2020 with their 17 "source-process-sink" factors at 1 km resolution (N = 660)) were explored using deep learning (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) to mine key information from complex dataset under the optimized parameters (i.e., learning rate = 0.05, maximum depth = 5, sub-sample = 0.8). It was observed that top five factors of 16 PAH had the largest cumulative contribution (i.e., from 84.8% to 98.1%) on their soil concentrations. PAH emission was the predominant driver, and its effect on soil PAH increases with increasing logKow. Soil was the second driver, in which clay can promote the partition of PAHs with low or middle logKow. However, sand can accumulate those congeners with high logKow. Moreover, the deep learning plus geo-statistical models (with low deviation for testing dataset (N = 283)) were capable of predicting soil PAH concentrations using their drivers with high accuracy. This study improved the understanding of the environmental fate and spatial variability of soil PAHs, as well as provided a novel technique (i.e., deep learning coupled with geo-statistics) for accurate prediction of soil pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songchao Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Lu Chen
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Lingwen Wang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Yang Chao
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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8
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Sun C, Wang X, Qiao X. Multimedia fate simulation of mercury in a coastal urban area based on the fugacity/aquivalence method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170084. [PMID: 38224886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to intensive industrial production and living activities, urban areas are the main anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emission sources. After entering the environment through exhaust gases, wastewater or waste residues, Hg can migrate and transform among different environmental compartments in various species, such as elemental mercury (Hg0), divalent mercury (Hg2+) and methylmercury (MeHg). Studies have yet to report on the multimedia behaviors of Hg in urban areas due to the complexity of the processes involved. In this study, the atmospheric Hg emission in Dalian, a coastal city in Northeast China, was estimated by an anthropogenic emission inventory, and a Level III multimedia model was constructed based on the fugacity/aquivalence method to simulate the fate of Hg in air, water, soil, sediment, vegetation and film. The total annual atmospheric emission was 9.91 t, of which coal combustion and non-coal sources accounted for 70.1 % and 29.9 %, respectively. Atmospheric emission and advection were dominated by Hg0, and aquatic emission and advection were dominated by Hg2+. The migration of air-vegetation, vegetation-soil and soil-air were three important pathways of Hg in urban areas. The model was validated by collecting local soil and vegetation samples and regional air, seawater and sediment monitoring data. The scenario simulation indicated that the local load would decrease to different extents with a 21.0 % reduction in atmospheric Hg emission by implementing the "coal-to-gas" measures. Our developed model can characterize the fate of Hg in coastal urban areas and provide a reference for control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Nie N, Li T, Miao Y, Wei X, Zhao D, Liu M. Environmental fate and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration during the 21st century. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133407. [PMID: 38185085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution and behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the context of climate change and human activities is essential for effective environmental management and public health protection. This study utilized an integrated simulation system that combines land-use, hydrological, and multimedia fugacity models to predict the concentrations, transportation, and degradation of 16 priority-controlled PAHs across six environmental compartments (air, water, soil, sediment, vegetation, and impermeable surfaces) within one of the world's prominent urban agglomerations, the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA), under future Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP)-Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios. Incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk for adults and children exposed to PAHs were also evaluated. The results show a declining trend in PAHs concentrations and associated health risks during the 21st century. Land use types, hydrological characteristics, population, and GDP, have significant correlations with the fate of PAHs. The primary removal for PAHs is determined to be driven by advection through air and water. PAHs covering on impermeable surfaces pose a relatively higher health risk compared to those in other environmental media. This study offers valuable insights into PAHs pollution in the YRDUA, aiming to ensure public health safety, with the potential for application in other urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Nie
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiyi Miao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dengzhong Zhao
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China.
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10
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Navarro-Murillo E, Rico-Fernandez P, Barquero-Peralbo JI, Arias A, Garcia-Ordiales E. PAH levels in sediments from a coastal area heavily subjected to anthropogenic pressure (Asturias, north of Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115933. [PMID: 38184860 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ninety-two sediment samples collected along the Asturias coastline (north of Spain), were studied based on their concentrations of 16PAHs. Concentrations of Σ16PAH showed an average of 12.650 mg kg-1 d.w., which is higher than most other studies conducted around the world. The origins of PAHs present in the sediments are mainly from fuel combustion in industrial processes. The main source of PAH to the coastal system seems to be the Nalón River, which played a significant past role related to different industrial activities, highlighting thermal power stations located in the basin. On the other hand, the Avilés Estuary, hotspot of the regional heavy metallurgical industry was the area with the highest concentrations of Σ16PAH, with an average of 5 to 6 times higher than the rest studied. The risk assessment of Σ16PAH concentrations in the study area showed a high potential risk of contamination transfer to other environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enol Navarro-Murillo
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, 33004 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pelayo Rico-Fernandez
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, 33004 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Barquero-Peralbo
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Pl. Manuel Meca 1, 13400 Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain; Escuela de Ingeniería Minera e Industrial de Almadén, Pl. Manuel Meca 1, 13400 Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Andrés Arias
- Organisms and Systems Department (BOS), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Efren Garcia-Ordiales
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, 33004 Oviedo, Spain; Centro Universitario para la Investigación y el Desarrollo del Agua (CUIDA), Edificio de Investigación del Campus de Mieres, University of Oviedo, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, s/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain.
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11
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Wang C, Chen L, Xu J, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhang X, Zhang C, Gao P, Zhu L. Environmental behaviors and toxic mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117820. [PMID: 38048867 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are inevitably released into the environment with the exponential application of nanotechnology. Parts of ENMs eventually accumulate in the soil environment leading to potential adverse effects on soil ecology, crop production, and human health. Therefore, the safety application of ENMs on soil has been widely discussed in recent years. More detailed safety information and potential soil environmental risks are urgently needed. However, most of the studies on the environmental effects of metal-based ENMs have been limited to single-species experiments, ecosystem processes, or abiotic processes. The present review formulated the source and the behaviors of the ENMs in soil, and the potential effects of single and co-exposure ENMs on soil microorganisms, soil fauna, and plants were introduced. The toxicity mechanism of ENMs to soil organisms was also reviewed including oxidative stress, the release of toxic metal ions, and physical contact. Soil properties affect the transport, transformation, and toxicity of ENMs. Toxic mechanisms of ENMs include oxidative stress, ion release, and physical contact. Joint toxic effects occur through adsorption, photodegradation, and loading. Besides, future research should focus on the toxic effects of ENMs at the food chain levels, the effects of ENMs on plant whole-lifecycle, and the co-exposure and long-term toxicity effects. A fast and accurate toxicity evaluation system and model method are urgently needed to solve the current difficulties. It is of great significance for the sustainable development of ENMs to provide the theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment and environmental management of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Wang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Le'an Chen
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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12
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Wang T, Li B, Huang T, Jiang W, Yang Y, Liao H. Long-term spatiotemporal variation and lung cancer risk of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1429-1443. [PMID: 35461385 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD), which is the most developed region in China, suffers from atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) pollution. However, the long-term spatiotemporal variation of atmospheric PAHs and the lung cancer risk caused by PAH exposure in the YRD remain unclear. Herein, we simulated the daily atmospheric concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, the most carcinogenic PAH) from 2001 to 2016 using an atmospheric transport model. During this period, the atmospheric BaP concentration showed a general trend of first increasing and then decreasing (average BaP concentration = 0.50 ± 0.12 ng/m3) and was highest in 2005 (0.72 ng/m3). Moreover, the BaP concentration in Jiangsu and Shanghai was 5.17- and 4.98-fold higher than that in Zhejiang. BaP pollution was severe in Jiangsu during the winter. The average area proportion of BaP exceeding the national standard in winter in Jiangsu was 69.09%. The population-weighted incremental lifetime cancer risk from 2001 to 2016 ranged 6.67 × 10-6-1.50 × 10-5, and the excess lung cancer cases ranged 1054-2130. Compared with 2005, excess lung cancer cases in the YRD decreased by 49.49% in 2016. Reducing BaP pollution in winter in Jiangsu is crucial for reducing lung cancer risk in the YRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wanyanhan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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13
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He T, Li Y, Huang Y, He E, Li Y, Qu L, Ding F, Jin R, Han M, Yuan L, Xue W, Qu R, Zheng W, Xie Y, Liu X, Zhao L, Liu M. Simulation and risk assessment of arsenic by Hydrus-3D and CalTOX in a typical brownfield site. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130892. [PMID: 36758430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of arsenic migration and accumulation in brownfield site is critical for environmental management and soil remediation. However, the researches simulating arsenic in brownfield site in China are limited due to sparse data and complex migration behaviors. In this study, we simulated historic arsenic contamination using Hydrus-3D in an abandoned brownfield site in Hebei, China, from 1972 to 2019. Atmospheric discharge, wastewater leakage, solid waste discharge and tank leakage were calculated according to the factory processes for model simulation. Based on the results of Hydrus-3D, we assessed health risk of arsenic in this site. The results showed that total arsenic input to the soil surface from 4 pathways was 24.6 tons, the solid waste discharge was the highest contributor. The accumulation process mainly occurred in the unsaturated zone due to clay and silty clay absorbed arsenic and thus slow down the migration process. While in the saturation zone, abundant groundwater promoted migration of arsenic, resulting in widespread distribution of contaminated area. The model results represented good performance between simulated and measured values. Sensitivity analysis indicated that adsorption constant and water conductivity were the most influential parameters. Heath risk assessment showed that arsenic contamination continues to threaten resident health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Erkai He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liangyu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fangfang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruihe Jin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lina Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weizhen Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Zheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Xie
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
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14
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Guo Y, Wang C, Huang P, Li J, Qiu C, Bai Y, Li C, Yu J. A method for simulating spatial fates of chemicals in flowing lake systems: Application to phthalates in a lake. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119715. [PMID: 36796154 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to describe spatio-temporal distribution of chemicals in flowing lake systems, a dynamic multimedia fate model of chemicals with spatial differentiation was constructed by coupling the level IV fugacity model with lake hydrodynamics. It was successfully applied to four phthalates (PAEs) in a lake recharged by reclaimed water and its accuracy was verified. Results show that under the long-term influence of flow field, the distributions of PAEs in both lake water and sediment have significant spatial heterogeneity of 2∼5 orders of magnitude, but present different distribution rules, which was explained by analysis of PAE transfer fluxes. The spatial distribution of PAEs in the water column depends on hydrodynamic conditions and whether the primary source is reclaimed water or atmospheric input. Slow water exchange and flow speed promote the migration of PAEs from water to sediment, causing them to always accumulate in sediments far away from the recharging inlet. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis show that the PAE concentrations in water phase are mainly affected by emission and physicochemical parameters, while those in sediment phase are also sensitive to environmental parameters. The model can provide important information and accurate data support for the scientific management of chemicals in flowing lake systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, No. 26 Jinjing Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Beijing Branch of North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunsheng Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, No. 26 Jinjing Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chaocan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, No. 26 Jinjing Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, No. 26 Jinjing Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
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15
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Shi W, Liu Q, Cao J, Dong J, Wang Z, Xu M. Analysis of the multi-media environmental behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within Haizhou Bay using a fugacity model. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114603. [PMID: 36652854 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to quantify the transport and fate of PAHs in different environmental phases (air, seawater, soil, sediment and fish), verify application of the Level III fugacity model in a bay simulation, and understand the transport and fate of PAHs in the bay environment on a macroscopic scale. The simulated average concentrations of ∑16PAH in the air and soil (23.8 ng/m3 and 1080.91 ng/g, respectively), which is as a background reference data for the Haizhou Bay. In addition, the soil (307 t), fish (29.4 t), and sediment (9.72 t) phases were found to be important reservoirs in the Haizhou Bay. Emissions from road vehicles (658 t) accounted for the largest share of PAH emissions in the area, and atmospheric deposition contributed most to the input of PAHs to the polluted area in the region. Whereas the contribution of river runoff input was small, and degradation loss was the main output pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shi
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Dong
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaifeng Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Xu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Wang C, Li J, Qiu C, Wang L, Su X, Huang P, He N, Sun L, Bai Y, Li C, Wang Y. Multimedia fates and ecological risk control strategies of phthalic acid esters in a lake recharged by reclaimed water using the QWASI fugacity model. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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The diversity and function of the in-situ fungal communities in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban wetland. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:40. [PMID: 36571638 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) increases the potential harm to ecosystem and human health. The fungi is considered as a powerful choice for degradation of PAHs. The researches on the effect of PAHs on fungal population in sediment/soil mostly stayed in the laboratory simulation that is based on extreme pollution. This study investigated the fungal population of the urban wetland by high-throughput sequencing in-situ micro-pollution state. Our statistical analysis revealed significant difference in the whole fungal population at the phylum among three land use types in typical urban wetland. Among them, Ascomycota was the dominant fungi at the phyla in three land use types. Fungal genus of degrading PAHs were significantly correlated with Dibenz[a, h]anthracene (P = 0.018) in ditch wetland, Total Organic Carbon (P = 0.02) and Fluoranthene (P = 0.04) in riverine wetland, and Electrical Conductivity (P = 0.018) in agricultural land. PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) suggested that 20 enzymes were present related to PAHs metabolism in three land use types. Specifically, monoxygenase, dehydrogenase, and laccase were most abundant among inferred enzymes, indicating that the urban wetland had potential for the degradation of PAHs. This study contributed to in-depth understanding of the structure and function of fungal population and provided a theoretical basis for PAHs microbial remediation in the in-situ environment.
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18
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Han Y, Du X, Farjad B, Goss G, Gupta A, Faramarzi M. A numerical modeling framework for simulating the key in-stream fate processes of PAH decay in Muskeg River Watershed, Alberta, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157246. [PMID: 35908714 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most previous water quality studies oversimplified in-stream processes for modeling the fate and transport of critical organic contaminants, such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Taking four selected PAHs as representative organic contaminants, we developed a numerical modeling framework using a Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program 8 (WASP8) and a well-established watershed model, i.e., Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to: (1) address the influence of in-stream processes, including direct photolysis, volatilization, partitioning of PAHs to suspended solids, and DOC complexation processes on PAH concentrations; and (2) establish relationships between spatiotemporal distribution of environmental factors (e.g., ice coverage, water temperature, wind, and light attenuation), in-stream processes, and PAH concentrations at a watershed scale. Using calibrated SWAT and WASP8 models, we evaluated the impacts of seasonal changes in environmental factors on in-stream processes in the Muskeg River watershed, which is part of the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR), the third-largest crude oil reserves of the world in western Canada. Among four selected PAHs, simulation results suggest that Naphthalene primarily decay in the water through volatilization or direct photolysis. For Phenanthrene, Pyrene, and Chrysene, DOC complexation, volatilization, and direct photolysis all contribute to their decay in the water, with a strong dependence on seasonality. Model simulations indicated that direct photolysis and volatilization rates are meager in cold seasons, mainly due to low river temperature and ice coverage. However, these processes gradually resume when entering the warm season. In summary, the model simulation results suggest that critical in-stream processes such as direct photolysis, volatilization, and partitioning and their relationship with environmental factors should be considered when simulating the fate and transport of organic contaminants in the river systems. Our results also reveal that the relationship between environmental factors and fate processes affecting PAH concentrations can vary across a watershed and in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlai Han
- Watershed Science & Modelling Laboratory, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Xinzhong Du
- Watershed Science & Modelling Laboratory, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Babak Farjad
- Alberta Environment and Parks, Calgary, AB T2E 7J2, Canada
| | - Greg Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Anil Gupta
- Alberta Environment and Parks, Calgary, AB T2E 7J2, Canada
| | - Monireh Faramarzi
- Watershed Science & Modelling Laboratory, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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19
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Wang C, Guo Y, Feng L, Pang W, Yu J, Wang S, Qiu C, Li C, Wang Y. Fate of phthalates in a river receiving wastewater treatment plant effluent based on a multimedia model. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2124-2137. [PMID: 36378170 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) can enter environment media by secondary effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) into receiving rivers, thus posing a threat to ecosystem health. A level III fugacity model was established to simulate the fate and transfer of four PAEs in a study area in Tianjin, China, and to evaluate the influence of WWTP discharge on PAEs levels in the receiving river. The results show that the logarithmic residuals of most simulated and measured values of PAEs are within one order of magnitude with a good agreement. PAEs in the study area were mainly distributed in soil and sediment phases, which accounted for 84.66%, 50.26%, 71.96% and 99.09% for dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), respectively. The upstream advection accounted for 77.90%, 93.20%, 90.21% and 90.93% of the total source of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP in the river water, respectively, while the contribution of secondary effluent discharge was much lower. Sensitivity analysis shows that emission and inflow parameters have greater influences on the multimedia distributions of PAEs than physicochemical and environmental parameters. Monte Carlo analysis quantifies the uncertainties and verifies the reliability of the simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yaqi Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail:
| | - Lixia Feng
- Tianjin United Environmental Protection Engineering Design Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Weiliang Pang
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chunsheng Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chaocan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
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20
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Influence of Source Apportionment of PAHs Occurrence in Aquatic Suspended Particulate Matter at a Typical Post-Industrial City: A Case Study of Freiberger Mulde River. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received extensive attention because of their widespread presence in various environmental media and their high environmental toxicity. Thus, figuring out the long-term variances of their occurrence and driving force in the environment is helpful for environmental pollution control. This study investigates the concentration levels, spatial variance, and source apportionment of PAHs in suspended particulate matter of Freiberger Mulde river, Germany. Results show that the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs suggested by USEPA (Σ16PAHs) were in the range of 707.0–17,243.0 μg kg−1 with a mean value of 5258.0 ± 2569.2 μg kg−1 from 2002 to 2016. The relatively high average concentrations of Σ16PAHs were found in the midstream and upstream stations of the given river (7297.5 and 6096.9 μg kg−1 in Halsbrucke and Hilbersdorf, respectively). In addition, the annual average concentration of Σ16PAHs showed an obvious decreasing pattern with time. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model identified three potential sources: coke ovens (7.6–23.0%), vehicle emissions (35.9–47.7%), and coal and wood combustion (34.5–47.3%). The source intensity variation and wavelet coherence analysis indicated that the use of clean energy played a key role in reducing PAHs pollution levels in suspended sediments. The risk assessment of ecosystem and human health suggested that the Σ16PAHs in the given area posed a non-negligible threat to aquatic organisms and humans. The data provided herein could assist the subsequent management of PAHs in the aquatic environment.
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21
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Li X, Lu Y, Shi Y, Wang P, Cao X, Cui H, Zhang M, Du D. Effects of urbanization on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China's estuarine rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119001. [PMID: 35176410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine rivers are the primary medium for transporting pollutants from human activities to the ocean. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have substantial toxicity and pose a significant risk to ecosystem and human health. However, the influences of urbanization on their distribution, particularly in China where urbanization is occurring rapidly, remain unclear. This study took three coastal economic circles of China as research areas, and investigated PAHs (16 species) in the estuarine river water. 95.9% of the sampling sites demonstrated moderate PAHs pollution and moderate ecological risk. Coal and petroleum combustion was the primary source of PAHs, but the source composition varied among the regions. Air pollution caused by energy emissions, particularly carbon emissions, has a critical and differential effect on PAHs distribution and deposition. With the increasing use of clean energy, PAHs emissions have been gradually reduced, which provides an effective option for PAHs reduction in a rapidly urbanizing coastal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Yajuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xianghui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Haotian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 10019, China
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22
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Jesus F, Pereira JL, Campos I, Santos M, Ré A, Keizer J, Nogueira A, Gonçalves FJM, Abrantes N, Serpa D. A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distribution in freshwater ecosystems and their toxicity to benthic fauna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153282. [PMID: 35066033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds, found ubiquitously in all environmental compartments. PAHs are considered hazardous pollutants, being of concern to both the environmental and human health. In the aquatic environment, PAHs tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity, and thus sediments can be considered their ultimate sink. Concurrently, sediments comprise important habitats for benthic species. This raises concern over the toxic effects of PAHs to benthic communities. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, their toxicity to freshwater benthic species has not been comprehensively discussed. This review aimed to provide an overview on PAHs distribution in freshwater environments and on their toxicity to benthic fauna species. The distribution of PAHs between sediments and the overlying water column, given by the sediment-water partition coefficient, revealed that PAHs concentrations were 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher in sediments than in water. The sediment-water partition coefficient was positively correlated to PAHs hydrophobicity. Toxicity of PAHs to benthic fauna was addressed through Species Sensitivity Distributions. The derived hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) decreased as follows: NAP (376 μg L-1) > PHE > PYR > FLT > ANT (0.854 μg L-1), varying by 3 orders of magnitude. The hazardous concentrations (HC5) to benthic species were inversely correlated to the hydrophobicity of the individual PAHs. These findings are pertinent for environmental risk assessment of these compounds. This review also identified future challenges regarding the environmental toxicity of PAHs to freshwater benthic communities, namely the need for updating the PAHs priority list and the importance of comprehensively and more realistically assess the toxicity of PAHs in combination with other stressors, both chemical and climate-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jesus
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana L Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martha Santos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Ré
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jacob Keizer
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Nogueira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dalila Serpa
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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23
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Liu W, Yu S, Tao S, Liu W. Modeling multimedia fate and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal regions of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151789. [PMID: 34808152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using an improved multimedia fate model, this study simulated the spatial distributions, partitioning behaviors, and mass exchanges of PAH16 (16 species with priority by the USEPA) in multiple environmental compartments in the coastal regions of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, Northern China. The model predictions generally matched well with the measured results, as the deviations of most points were within one order of magnitude in the air, freshwater, and 3 soil compartments. The estimated concentrations of ΣPAH16 in the northern part were higher than those in the southern part, which was consistent with the emissions of each part. Approximately 97.6% of the ΣPAH16 mass was distributed in soils; therefore, soils served as the dominant sink of PAH16. The estimated net flux of ΣPAH16 from air to soil ranged from 0.4 to 10.7 mg/m2/year (an average of 3.2 mg/m2/year), and the estimated flux of deposition from air to soil fell in the range of 0.4-10.8 mg/m2/year (an average of 3.2 mg/m2/year), which served as the dominant process at the air-soil interface. The estimated net flux of ΣPAH16 from air to freshwater ranged from -15.3 to 9.4 mg/m2/year (an average of -0.3 mg/m2/year), and the reversed volatilization flux from freshwater to air ranged from 0.01 to 21.1 mg/m2/year (an average of 3.7 mg/m2/year). This situation indicated notable spatial variations and volatilization as the main process affecting the direction of net flux at the air-freshwater interface. Deterministic risk assessment and probabilistic risk assessment were conducted. The overall health risks of the studied regions were acceptable, while the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) by air inhalation was greater than that by soil ingestion. CAPSULE: Multimedia fate model-predicted distributions and compositions of PAH16 in different compartments, compartmental exchange fluxes and directions, and deterministic and probabilistic ELCR via different exposure pathways were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Weijian Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuangyu Yu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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24
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Wang W, Xu J, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. An improved method to predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface freshwater by reducing the input parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151597. [PMID: 34774943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface freshwater are critical for understanding their spatio-temporal distribution, regulation effectiveness, and the subsequent health risks. In this study, by exploring the correlation of PAHs concentrations in surface freshwater (CPAHs) in China reported in the past twenty years with their emission (EPAHs), a novel relationship of CPAHs with EPAHs and PAHs properties (i.e., logKow and Sw) was established. For PAHs individual, percent sample deviation between the measured concentrations and the calculated concentrations are in the range of 18% to 48%, suggesting that the calculated concentrations of PAHs are well consistent with the measured PAHs concentration in surface freshwater. Moreover, spatial distribution of predicted PAHs concentrations in surface freshwater of China is also matched well with measured ones. Compared with other environmental models, the established relationships in this work can reduce the number of model parameters from dozens to three, as well as decrease percent sample deviation from several orders of magnitude to less than 50%. The established relationship of PAHs concentrations in surface freshwater with EPAHs, Sw, and logKow of PAHs, are valuable to facilitate the prediction of PAHs concentrations in surface freshwater by reducing monitoring costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China.
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25
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Lins TF, O'Brien AM, Zargartalebi M, Sinton D. Nanoplastic State and Fate in Aquatic Environments: Multiscale Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4017-4028. [PMID: 35311252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We now know that nanoplastics can harm aquatic organisms, but understanding ecological risk starts with understanding fate. We coupled population balance and fugacity models to predict the conditions under which nanoplastics remain as single particles, aggregate, or sediment and to predict their capacity to concentrate organic pollutants. We carried out simulations across a broad range of nanoplastic concentrations, particle sizes, and particle-particle interactions under a range of salinity and organic matter conditions. The model predicts that across plastic materials and environmental conditions, nanoplastics will either remain mostly dispersed or settle as aggregates with natural colloids. Nanoplastics of different size classes respond dissimilarly to concentration, ionic strength, and organic matter content, indicating that the sizes of nanoplastics to which organisms are exposed likely shift across ecological zones. We implemented a fugacity model of the Great Lakes to assess the organic pollution payload carried by nanoplastics, generating the expectation that nanoplastics would carry nine times more pollutants than microsized plastics and a threshold concentration of 10 μg/L at which they impact pollutant distribution. Our simulations across a broad range of factors inform future experimentation by highlighting the relative importance of size, concentration, material properties, and interactions in driving nanoplastic fate in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Lins
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Anna M O'Brien
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks Street, Toronto ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Mohammad Zargartalebi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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26
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Ji S, Yin F, Zhang W, Song Z, Qin B, Su P, Zhang J, Kitazawa D. Occurrences, Sources, and Human Health Risk Assessments of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Organisms From Temperate Coastal Area. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.850247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollution characteristics of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine organism species (6 species of fishes and 2 species of crustaceans) from the coastal area of the East China Sea were determined. The concentrations of 16 PAHs in the studied organisms ranged from 29.73 to 87.02 ng/g dw and 2- and 3-ring PAHs were the most abundant compounds in the aquatic organisms. The habitat, diet and predator-prey relationship have posed potential effects on the PAH accumulation in marine organisms. The source identification of PAHs was performed by using the molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the main sources of PAHs in the marine organisms were coal combustion, followed by mixture of gasoline combustion, oil combustion, crude oil spill and vehicle emissions. The incremental lifetime cancer risk of human via ingestion process of marine organisms in this sea area was also estimated and the assessment showed that it posed an acceptable but non-negligible risk to human health.
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27
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Wang W, Xu J, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. Current and Future Trends of Low and High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water and Sediments of China: Insights from Their Long-Term Relationships between Concentrations and Emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3397-3406. [PMID: 35235289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the temporal trend of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China using data reported over the past 20 years. We found that the total concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs (CΣLPAHs) in surface water and sediments were positively correlated with their total emissions (EΣLPAHs), which increased between 2000 and 2008, then decreased until 2017. Additionally, the total concentrations of high molecular weight PAHs (C∑HPAHs) in surface water and sediments were positively correlated with their total emissions (EΣHPAHs), which increased significantly from 2000 to 2014 and then plateaued. Two future scenarios were assessed to explore C∑LPAHs and C∑HPAHs in surface water and sediments. PAH emissions were reduced by technological improvement in 2030 for coal consumption in Scenario 1 and for control of biomass burning in Scenario 2. Scenario 1 was more efficient than Scenario 2 in reducing C∑HPAHs in the surface water and sediments of China for the areas where CΣHPAHs in surface water exceeded the annual average standard (i.e., 30 ng L-1), with reductions of 38 and 24% in Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. The observed relationships in this study can provide tools for emission reduction policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
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28
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Falakdin P, Terzaghi E, Di Guardo A. Spatially resolved environmental fate models: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133394. [PMID: 34953876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spatially resolved environmental models are important tools to introduce and highlight the spatial variability of the real world into modeling. Although various spatial models have been developed so far, yet the development and evaluation of these models remain a challenging task due to several difficulties related to model setup, computational cost, and obtaining high-resolution input data (e.g., monitoring and emission data). For example, atmospheric transport models can be used when high resolution predicted concentrations in atmospheric compartments are required, while spatial multimedia fate models may be preferred for regulatory risk assessment, life cycle impact assessment of chemicals, or when the partitioning of chemical substances in a multimedia environment is considered. The goal of this paper is to review and compare different spatially resolved environmental models, according to their spatial, temporal and chemical domains, with a closer insight into spatial multimedia fate models, to achieve a better understanding of their strengths and limitations. This review also points out several requirements for further improvement of existing models as well as for their integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Falakdin
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, CO, Italy.
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, CO, Italy.
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, CO, Italy.
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29
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Zhang ZB, Duan YP, Zhang ZJ, Tu YJ, Luo PC, Gao J, Dai CM, Zhou L. Multimedia fate model and risk assessment of typical antibiotics in the integrated demonstration zone of the Yangtze River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150258. [PMID: 34543787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the widespread consumption of antibiotics by humans and animals, antibiotic residues from human and animal excrements are released into the environment through domestic sewage and breeding wastewater, which ultimately affect the ecological environment and human health. In this study, the concentrations of 10 antibiotics in the air, water, soil, and sediment from 2013 to 2019 in Qingpu District of the integrated demonstration zone of the Yangtze River Delta were predicated by developing a dynamic Level IV fugacity model. The influence of seasonal environmental factors (e.g., temperature, rainfall) on the distribution and migration of antibiotics in multi-media was also explored. The simulation results show that the 10 antibiotics mainly existed in water and sediment. The concentrations of antibiotics in air, water, soil, and sediment were 0-7.629 × 10-14 ng/L, 1.187 × 10-10-16.793 ng/L, 1.042 × 10-14-3.500 × 10-11 ng/g and 8.015 × 10-12-14.188 ng/g, respectively. It was also found that the increase in temperature and rainfall can reduce the migration rate of some antibiotics into the water and sediment phases. The flux analysis of the cross-media migration and transformation of antibiotics in Qingpu District shows that advection was the prime input and output paths of antibiotics in the water. Moreover, the prime input and output paths of antibiotics in sediment were sedimentation from water to sediment and degradation. Sensitivity analysis shows that the characteristics of antibiotic emission, degradation rate, and Koc were the most influential parameters for target chemicals. The results of risk assessment based on Monte Carlo method reveal that the overall risk level of antibiotics in sediment was relatively risk-free, and the risk of antibiotics in water decreased in the order of tetracyclines > β-lactams > fluoroquinolones > macrolides > sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Duan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China; Yangtze River Detal Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Filed Observation and Research Station, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Yao-Jen Tu
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China; Yangtze River Detal Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Filed Observation and Research Station, PR China
| | - Peng-Cheng Luo
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Jun Gao
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China; Yangtze River Detal Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Filed Observation and Research Station, PR China
| | - Chao-Meng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712,USA
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30
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Chen Z, Ren G, Ma X, Zhou B, Yuan D, Liu H, Wei Z. Presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among multi-media in a typical constructed wetland located in the coastal industrial zone, Tianjin, China: Occurrence characteristics, source apportionment and model simulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149601. [PMID: 34426304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In-depth understanding and accurately predicting the occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in constructed wetlands (CWs) is extremely crucial for optimizing the CWs construction and strengthening the risk control. However, few studies have focused on the PAHs among sediment-water-plant and model simulation in CWs. In this study, sediment, surface water and reed samples were gathered and analyzed from a typical CW. The concentrations of 16 PAHs (Σ16PAHs) in sediments, surface water and reeds ranged from 620 to 4277 μg/kg, 114 to 443 ng/L and 74.5 to 362 μg/kg, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated as 0.796, 0.431 and 0.473 for the above three media respectively, indicating that the spatial distribution variation was medium intensity. The fugacity fraction (ff) suggested that sediments might act as the secondary release source of most PAHs. According to the diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), PAHs in this CW mainly come from fossil fuels combustion and petroleum leakage. PAHs in sediments showed high ecological risk at water inlet and moderate risk at the other functional zones, while low risks for surface water at all functional zones. Although the human health risk assessment indicated relatively low cancer risk, the health risk still cannot be ignored with the continuous input and accumulation of exogenous PAHs. A mathematical model covering the hydraulics parameters and composition characteristics of the wetland was established, and its reliability was verified. The simulated results obtained by the established model were basically consistent with the measured values. In addition, the total remove efficiency of PAHs in surface water was 40.2%, which calculated by the simulated model. This work provides helpful insight into the comprehension of occurrence and fate of PAHs among multi-media in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Dekui Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zizhang Wei
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
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Industrial Source Contributions and Health Risk Assessment of Fine Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during Spring and Late Summer in the Baoshan Area, Shanghai. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to examine the chemical characteristics, possible sources, and health risks of fine particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Baoshan area of Shanghai. Here, ambient particles with five-size ranges were collected during the spring and late summer of 2017. The PAHs were determined by the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Our results showed that the average mass concentration of 13 species of PAHs in spring and in late summer was 4.83 (1.88~12.1) ng/m3 and 4.27 (2.09~5.75) ng/m3 in Total Suspended Particles (TSPs), respectively. The higher PAH ratios (PM1.1/TSPs) indicated that PAHs are mainly concentrated in PM1.1, especially in late summer. The values of BaA/(BaA+CHR) were under 0.50 and IcdP/(IcdP+BghiP) were in range from 0.20 to 0.50 for TSP and PM1.1, suggesting that petroleum combustion and diesel emissions could be considered as key sources of PAHs, which tend to be associated with PM1.1. Moreover, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in PM1.1 identified the main PH sources, which include stationary and diesel emissions. The air mass backward trajectories and wind direction analysis showed that air masses were mainly derived from marine sources across the local industry area in late summer. Individual Carcinogenic Risk Inhalation (ILCR) was over 10−6 among the total six age groups in both of the sampling periods in TSPs, indicating the possible carcinogenic risk, especially for children and the young age group. Toxic PAHs belong to Heavy Molecular Weight (HMW) PAHs, especially Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Compared with PM1.1–2.0, the Combustion-Derived PAHs group (COMPAHs) and Carcinogenic PAHs (CANPAHs) were highly concentrated in PM1.1. Stationary sources, such as the developed steel industry, made a great contribution to the level of PAHs, especially in late summer.
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Wang W, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. Octanol-water partition coefficient (logK ow) dependent movement and time lagging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to lake sediments: A case study of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117709. [PMID: 34243082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the movement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to sediments is important for achieving long-term pollution control of PAHs in sediments. In this study, by exploring the correlation of individual PAHs concentrations (CPAHs) in Taihu Lake sediments reported in the past twenty years with their annual emissions (EPAHs) in the lake region, it was observed that mean concentrations of PAHs with low logKow (i.e., logKow≤4.00) in Taihu Lake sediments were correlated best with their emissions without lagging between the sediment sampling time and the PAHs emitting time. However, for PAHs with middle logKow (i.e., 4.00<logKow≤4.57) or high logKow (i.e., logKow>4.57), their mean concentrations in sediments were correlated best with the emissions of PAHs emitted 1 or 2 years before the sediment sampling time. The longer lagging time of PAHs with middle or high logKow from emission sources to lake sediments could be attributed to their retardation in soils and river sediments around the lake. Moreover, the retardation in soils and river sediments is dependent on PAHs logKow and degradation half-life, indicating the dependence of PAHs concentration in sediments on their environmental behaviors, including sorption and degradation. Kow dependent movement and the time lagging observed in Taihu Lake for PAHs from emission sources to sediments could be valuable for developing measures to control PAHs, especially for congeners with high logKow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Su P, Yue H, Zhang W, Tomy GT, Yin F, Sun D, Ding Y, Li Y, Feng D. Application of a fugacity model to estimate emissions and environmental fate of ship stack PAHs in Shanghai, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130710. [PMID: 34000654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The understandings of environmental activities and regional inventory of ship stack PAHs are very limited in Shanghai due, in part, to the lack of source-segregated analysis. To address this, measured PAHs in organic film on ship surfaces were employed to reconstruct concentrations in various compartments through a fugacity model to investigate the level, transport, fate and annual emission of ship stack PAHs in Shanghai. The results revealed that ship stack PAHs results in 11.2-181 ng L-1 and 71.0-1710 ng g-1 in water and sediment of Shanghai, respectively. After being released into air, ship stack PAHs mainly concentrated in organic films and sediments while sunk in water and sediment. Crucial mass transfer pathways include deposition of airborne and sediment PAHs. The mass loss of ship stack PAHs was primarily through air advection, followed by degradation in sediment. The ship emissions (53.7 tons annually) accounted for approximate one tenth of the regional total in Shanghai (in 2017). Additionally, shipping was estimated to release 127 tons of PAHs annually into the Shanghai section of Yangtze River. Our results suggest our fugacity-based approach can be used to estimate the regional emissions and inventory of ship stack PAHs in the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China.
| | - Hanlu Yue
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Gregg T Tomy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Ding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Yifan Li
- IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, Ontario, M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Daolun Feng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
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Wang T, Li B, Liao H, Li Y. Spatiotemporal distribution of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions during 2013-2017 in mainland China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:148003. [PMID: 34323836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following implementation of the most stringent clean air policy in China, the emissions of NOx, SO2, and fine particles have greatly reduced since 2013. However, the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are highly toxic pollutants, and their spatiotemporal changes remain unclear. In this study, a 0.05° × 0.05° gridded PAH emission inventory was developed for mainland China during 2013-2017. The results show that the total PAH emissions have decreased from 112.92 Gg in 2013 to 100.09 Gg in 2017, with the fastest declines in the industrial (17.32%) and residential/commercial (10.58%) sectors. However, the decline in the PAH emissions is smaller than that of the NOX and SO2 emissions. The average emission density of PAHs in mainland China in 2017 was 10.43 kg/km2. North and East China have the largest PAH emissions. The residential/commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors are the major emission sources, accounting for 48.59%, 29.26%, and 17.21%, respectively. Carcinogenic PAH emissions accounted for 7.49% in mainland China, higher than those of developed countries (5.73%) and the global average (6.19%). Differences in the energy structures lead to significant differences in the spatial distribution of PAH emissions in various sectors. From 2013 to 2017, the emissions declined in most Chinese regions. The emission density in East China decreased the most, reaching 3.39 kg/km2, followed by North China (2.91 kg/km2). The magnitude of the decline in the PAH emissions and reasons for the decline significantly differ in different regions. Particular attention must be paid to the limited decline (5.22%) in Northwest China over the study period. Although China's emission density has been declining, it is still significantly higher than the global average. Therefore, China must further reduce the PAH emissions through technological innovation and reductions of energy consumption and, thus, reduce the regional lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Protection, Ministry of Education & College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Jara B, Tucca F, Srain BM, Méjanelle L, Aranda M, Fernández C, Pantoja-Gutiérrez S. Antibiotics florfenicol and flumequine in the water column and sediments of Puyuhuapi Fjord, Chilean Patagonia. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130029. [PMID: 33984897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chile is a major global producer of farmed salmon in the fjords of Patagonia, and therefore a major consumer of antibiotics. We tested whether the antibiotics florfenicol and flumequine persisted in the large Puyuhuapi Fjord after the six months following mandatory concerted treatment by all salmon farms present in the fjord. Antibiotics were detected in 26% of analyzed samples, but only within the particulate phase, with concentrations of florfenicol of up to 23.1 ng L-1, where detected. Flumequine was present in one sample at trace concentration, and neither antibiotic was detected in the dissolved phase nor in surface sediments. A fugacity-based model predicted that flumequine should theoretically remain in surface sediments at the sub-Minimal Inhibiting Concentrations (sub-MIC) previously shown to promote selection for antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Our observations suggest that surface sediments might act as a reservoir for antibiotic resistomes of bacteria, and that bacteria bearing antibiotic resistance genes could eventually become a risk for human health through the consumption of marine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Jara
- Programa de Postgrado en Oceanografía, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Departamento de Oceanografía and Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Sur-Austral (PIA ANID), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Ecogeochemistry of Benthic Environments - UMR 8222 Centre National de Recherche Scientifique - Sorbonne Université, Banyuls sur Mer, Paris, France
| | - Felipe Tucca
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA Chile), Puerto Varas, Chile
| | - Benjamín M Srain
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Sur-Austral (PIA ANID), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Laurence Méjanelle
- Laboratory of Ecogeochemistry of Benthic Environments - UMR 8222 Centre National de Recherche Scientifique - Sorbonne Université, Banyuls sur Mer, Paris, France
| | - Mario Aranda
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Camila Fernández
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Sur-Austral (PIA ANID), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; LOMIC UMR7621, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls sur Mer, Sorbonne Université and CNRS, France
| | - Silvio Pantoja-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Sur-Austral (PIA ANID), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Na G, Liang Y, Li R, Gao H, Jin S. Flux of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds (PAHs) from the Atmosphere and from Reindeer/Bird Feces to Arctic Soils in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:166-181. [PMID: 34019116 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric, soil, and feces samples were collected in Ny-Ålesund during July 2015. The concentrations, distributions, congener profiles, and contaminant migration levels were analyzed for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) as priority contaminants (16 PAHs). Mean concentrations in the gas and particle phases were 37.8 ng m-3 and 2.9 ng m-3, respectively, and mean concentrations in soil and reindeer/bird feces were 329.1 ng g-1 and 720.7 ng g-1, respectively, on a dry weight (d.w.) basis. In more than three phases, naphthalene and phenanthrene dominated the concentrations of the 16 total PAHs (Σ16PAH) and the concentration of PAHs in the gas phase was much higher than in the particle phase. The main sources of local PAHs may be coal combustion and air-surface exchange. There was a volatilization tendency from soil to air for 2-4 ring PAHs, and exchange fluxes were ~ 105 times greater than the deposition fluxes of 5-6 ring PAHs. The underground migration of PAHs was investigated in Ny-Ålesund; the results showed flux values of ~ 0.07% from the initial PAH concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshui Na
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, China.
| | - Yuyuan Liang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hui Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuaichen Jin
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
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Du W, Liu M, Li Y, Zhu J, Wei X, Yang J, Huang Y, Zhao D, Gao D, Qadeer A. Cross-interface transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a shallow urban lake in Shanghai, China based on the fugacity model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139369. [PMID: 32497886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shallow urban lakes are important urban ecosystems; however, these systems are subject to severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination. An understanding of the distribution and dynamics of PAHs in lakes is required to restore the functions of lake ecosystems and to ensure the ecological security of urban water sources. The Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction (QWASI) model and partition coefficient and fugacity fraction methods were applied to estimate the multimedia transfers of PAHs in Dianshan Lake, a typical shallow lake in Shanghai, China. In addition, some new concepts and methods related to PAH transfers were introduced. The results showed that while the gas-solid partition in the area remained in non-equilibrium, the influence of pollution sources tended to weaken. Atmospheric advection was the main source of PAHs to the lake, and a portion of the net loss of advection was transformed into total flux of cross-interface transfers, in which transport fluxes from air to water and from water to sediment were dominant, with a significant correlation between the two types of transfer. The large resuspension of high molecular weight (HMW)-PAHs occurred, possibly related to frequent hydrodynamic disturbances. Furthermore, this study explored the distribution of PAHs among different compartments and the seasonal variation of multimedia transfers. Sensitivity analysis showed that the model is remarkably sensitive to four parameters including temperature and advection. Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis verified that the simulation results were stable and reliable. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the monitoring and control of shallow lake pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weining Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., 200062 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
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Li R, Hua P, Zhang J, Krebs P. Effect of anthropogenic activities on the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic suspended particulate matter: Evidence from Rhine and Elbe Rivers. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 179:115901. [PMID: 32417562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As carcinogenic and pervasive pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water are crucial to environmental policies, and the understanding of their trends and influencing factors is critical for achieving a good chemical and ecological status of water bodies. Based on long-term monitoring data from 1998 to 2017, this study systematically evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution, multimedia transport, fate, and source apportionment of PAHs adsorbed on suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Rhine and Elbe Rivers. The results of the Mann-Kendall test indicated that pollution levels of PAHs decreased from 2.81×105μg⋅s-1 to 9.80×104μg⋅s-1 on average in the Rhine and from 1.60×105 μg⋅s-1 to 5.21×104 μg⋅s-1 in the Elbe in the last 20 years. Spatially, SPM near urban areas had higher PAH mass fluxes (Rhine:3.07×105μg⋅s-1, Elbe: 1.73×105μg⋅s-1) and greater rates of decrease (slopes for Rhine and Elbe: -409, -323) than those near rural areas (Rhine:1.41×105 μg⋅s-1, Elbe: 9.35×104μg⋅s-1; slopes for Rhine and Elbe: -128, -89), indicating the significant influence of anthropogenic activities. Wavelet analysis showed that the pollution level of PAH had significant periodic oscillations for the Rhine and Elbe, and revealed several abrupt change points for the two rivers. A multimedia fugacity model demonstrated that impervious surfaces had the highest concentration (Rhine: 1.84g⋅m-3, Elbe: 0.15g⋅m-3), while soil (Rhine: 8.33×107g, Elbe: 2.53×106g) and sediments (Rhine: 4.85×106g, Elbe: 1.31×106g) had higher masses of PAHs. Furthermore, source apportionment computed using a self-organizing map and positive matrix factorization model suggested that the major sources of PAHs were vehicular emissions and coal combustion, which accounted for 51.86% of the total mass in the Rhine and 62.92% in the Elbe. The data revealed that the long-term trends of PAH variation were associated with changes in energy consumption and the implementation of vehicular emission standards. Therefore, the substitution of coal and petroleum with renewable energies could assist strategies of PAH mitigation in the environment and gradual reduction of pollution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Li
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pei Hua
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Chen CF, Ju YR, Su YC, Lim YC, Kao CM, Chen CW, Dong CD. Distribution, sources, and behavior of PAHs in estuarine water systems exemplified by Salt River, Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111029. [PMID: 32319888 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from Salt River in Taiwan and analyzed the concentrations of 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The analysis results were used to examine the distribution, source, partition behavior, and potential ecological risks of PAHs in the estuarine water systems. The mean concentration of total PAHs in water, SPM, and sediment samples was 0.485-10.2 μg/L, 26.7-169 mg/kg dw, and 0.343-29.4 mg/kg dw, respectively. The highest concentration was found at the river mouth and decreased toward the river and sea with the tide. The distribution of the diagnostic ratios of PAHs showed that the combustion of coal and petroleum products are the main sources of PAHs in Salt River. The in site organic carbon normalized partition coefficients for SPM-water (K'oc(SPMW)) and sediment-water (K'oc(SedW)) were 2.8-4.5 and 4.6-6.0 (log units), respectively, increasing with the number of rings in PAHs. The values log K'oc(SedW) and log K'oc(SPM-W) showed a significant linear correlation with their octanol-water partition coefficients (p < 0.01), and their slopes were 0.427 and 0.316, respectively. The fugacity fraction was used to evaluate the exchange of PAHs in water-SPM-sediment systems. Results showed that in SPM, 2-4-ring PAHs tend to be released into water, whereas 5-6-ring PAHs in water tend to be adsorbed onto SPM. The exchange of PAHs between water and sediment occurs in the direction of adsorption onto sediment from water. The assessment of the mean risk quotient, total toxicity equivalence, and mean effect range-median quotient of PAHs showed that the PAHs in the water and SPM of Salt River may have moderate to high ecological risk. In sediment, PAHs in the lower reaches and estuary may pose moderate to high ecological risk, whereas PAHs in the middle and upper reaches show low to moderate ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ci Su
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
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Abbasi Y, Mannaerts CM. Exploring the Environmental Exposure to Methoxychlor, α-HCH and Endosulfan-sulfate Residues in Lake Naivasha (Kenya) Using a Multimedia Fate Modeling Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082727. [PMID: 32326528 PMCID: PMC7216079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Distribution of pesticide residues in the environment and their transport to surface water bodies is one of the most important environmental challenges. Fate of pesticides in the complex environments, especially in aquatic phases such as lakes and rivers, is governed by the main properties of the contaminants and the environmental properties. In this study, a multimedia mass modeling approach using the Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction (QWASI) model was applied to explore the fate of organochlorine pesticide residues of methoxychlor, α-HCH and endosulfan-sulfate in the lake Naivasha (Kenya). The required physicochemical data of the pesticides such as molar mass, vapor pressure, air-water partitioning coefficient (KAW), solubility, and the Henry's law constant were provided as the inputs of the model. The environment data also were collected using field measurements and taken from the literature. The sensitivity analysis of the model was applied using One At a Time (OAT) approach and calibrated using measured pesticide residues by passive sampling method. Finally, the calibrated model was used to estimate the fate and distribution of the pesticide residues in different media of the lake. The result of sensitivity analysis showed that the five most sensitive parameters were KOC, logKow, half-life of the pollutants in water, half-life of the pollutants in sediment, and KAW. The variations of outputs for the three studied pesticide residues against inputs were noticeably different. For example, the range of changes in the concentration of α-HCH residue was between 96% to 102%, while for methoxychlor and endosulfan-sulfate it was between 65% to 125%. The results of calibration demonstrated that the model was calibrated reasonably with the R2 of 0.65 and RMSE of 16.4. It was found that methoxychlor had a mass fraction of almost 70% in water column and almost 30% of mass fraction in the sediment. In contrast, endosulfan-sulfate had highest most fraction in the water column (>99%) and just a negligible percentage in the sediment compartment. α-HCH also had the same situation like endosulfan-sulfate (e.g., 99% and 1% in water and sediment, respectively). Finally, it was concluded that the application of QWASI in combination with passive sampling technique allowed an insight to the fate process of the studied OCPs and helped actual concentration predictions. Therefore, the results of this study can also be used to perform risk assessment and investigate the environmental exposure of pesticide residues.
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Wang Y, Fan L, Khan SJ, Roddick FA. Fugacity modelling of the fate of micropollutants in aqueous systems - Uncertainty and sensitivity issues. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134249. [PMID: 31522051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of multimedia fugacity models is useful to facilitate understanding of the behaviour of emerging contaminants during wastewater treatment, as well as after their release to the environment. In this paper, twenty-two fugacity modelling applications (reported over 1995-2019) describing the distribution of organic micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants and surface water bodies were analysed in terms of model application and modelling strategy. Disparities and similarities in strategies including selection of micropollutants, data sources for internal and external model inputs, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, as well as model validation were discussed. This review confirmed that fugacity modelling is very applicable for providing qualitative predictions of the fate and removal of organic micropollutants in the various aqueous systems. However, it was also noted that there are issues related to the uncertainties and sensitivities of fugacity models such as the sources of model inputs and selection of default settings. The issues associated with the uncertainties in the investigated fugacity models are pointed out. Recommendations are given regarding the selection of the sources of model inputs, sensitivity analysis strategies and model validation methods. This review presents the challenges and opportunities for improving multimedia fugacity models, and so paves the way for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Linhua Fan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Stuart J Khan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Felicity A Roddick
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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Jin X, Liu Y, Qiao X, Guo R, Liu C, Wang X, Zhao X. Risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in drinking water source of the Yangtze River. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109390. [PMID: 31276884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides have been banned for many years, but the residual trace amount of organochlorine in water may still pose ecotoxicological risk. Meanwhile, the potential risk of organochlorine pesticides released from sediments, especially into drinking water sources, is receiving increasing attention. The present study assessed the pollution and potential risk of drinking water sources along the midstream and downstream Yangtze River. Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water, suspended particle matter (SPM), and sediment were evaluated with isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS. The results indicated that OCPs in water, SPM, and sediment ranged in 0.52-92.97 ng/L, 0.10-4.10 ng/L, and 0.038-11.36 ng/g, respectively. The predominant OCPs in water, SPM, and sediment were β-HCH, p,p'-DDE and PeCB. At site Y1, 8, 13, 18, β-HCH has a higher proportion in sediment samples, while, α-HCH has a higher proportion in SPM samples. The industrial use of HCHs in the history was the main HCHs source for most water and sediment samples, which indicated an absence of fresh inputs of industrial HCHs. Meanwhile, the abundance of p,p'-DDE in water, sediment and SPM samples could be attributed to long-term aerobic degradation of DDTs. The values of ffsw of HCHs, DDTs and PeCB indicate the transfer from water to sediment. Risk assessment showed that HCHs and DDTs posed low ecotoxicological risk to the Yangtze River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaocui Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Rui Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chengyou Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Lin YC, Li YC, Shangdiar S, Chou FC, Sheu YT, Cheng PC. Assessment of PM 2.5 and PAH content in PM 2.5 emitted from mobile source gasoline-fueled vehicles in concomitant with the vehicle model and mileages. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:502-508. [PMID: 30953895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the PM2.5 emission and analyses the PAHs content in PM2.5 emitted from gasoline-fueled vehicles. Outflow from the vehicles appear to be the ultimate source of PAHs in metro urban communities since the emission from gasoline vehicle increases the wellbeing hazard due to contiguity of exposure to gasoline exhaust. In this study, fifteen vehicles were randomly taken for sampling, where sixteen priority PAHs concentration were investigated. The study was performed on the vehicles with different Euro standard emission by taking into consideration the European legislative levels for vehicles on the toxic gaseous emission. Among all the PAHs outflow components of PM2.5 radiated in the exhaust of gasoline engines, the average concentration of total PAHs discharged was 0.377ng/L-fuel, while the total BaPeq concentration was 0.00993ng/L-fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ching Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Sumarlin Shangdiar
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Chou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Terng Sheu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
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Chen Q, Dong J, Zhang T, Yi Q, Zhang J, Hu L. A method to study antibiotic emission and fate for data-scarce rural catchments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:514-521. [PMID: 30981022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Estimations of antibiotic emission and fate and thereby ecological risk in rural catchments still lack feasible methods due to data scarcity. This study developed a new framework to evaluate the emission and fate of typical antibiotics for data-scarce catchments with uncertainty analysis. We estimated antibiotic discharge through questionnaire surveys; predicted antibiotic fate in air, water, soil, and sediment phases using a multimedia fugacity model; and analyzed the uncertainties of predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) and ecological risks of antibiotics. The developed method was tested in the Meijiang River catchment in China, and the uncertainty was systematically analyzed. Results showed that the discharge of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in the studied watershed was 8.56 t/a, with approximately 93% from veterinary medicine. TCs existed dominantly in the soil phase, accounting for 87.3% of total discharge. TC levels at the equilibrium states were the highest in sediment and soil, followed by water and air. The emission levels of TCs may cause slight risk to algae, daphniids, and fish in the receiving water based on the ecological risk evaluation of PECs. Despite of some uncertainties, the developed method provided an effective alternative to evaluate the ecological risks of antibiotics in catchments where sufficient monitored data are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jianwei Dong
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qitao Yi
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Liuming Hu
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
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Sun C, Dong D, He S, Zhang L, Zhang X, Wang C, Hua X, Guo Z. Multimedia fate modeling of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, and florfenicol in a seasonally ice-covered river receiving WWTP effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17351-17361. [PMID: 31016586 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the widespread use of antibiotics, a large amount of excretions from human and animals, containing antibiotic residues, is discharged into aquatic environments, leading to potential adverse effects on the ecosystems' health. These residues' impact on seasonally ice-covered rivers remains under investigated. To understand the environmental fate of antibiotics with high-detection frequencies and concentration levels, sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, and florfenicol were used as models in the present study. A Level IV fugacity model was established and applied to a seasonally ice-covered river receiving municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, the Songhua River in Northeast China. Model validation and sensitivity analysis suggested that the fugacity model could successfully simulate the monitoring concentration within an average difference of one logarithmic unit. The advection process played a major role in the transport and attenuation of the antibiotics in the ice-covered river receiving WWTP effluents. The scenario simulation indicated that increasing the targeted antibiotic concentrations in WWTP effluents to μg L-1 could keep the targeted antibiotic concentrations higher than 10 ng L-1 in the receiving river from the WWTP discharge source to 25 km downstream. This finding also demonstrates that the depth of water and ice, as well as flow velocity, play key roles in the fate of antibiotics in the ice-covered river receiving WWTP effluents. To our best knowledge, this is the first major study to combine experimental investigation with modeling to explore the environmental behaviors and fate of antibiotics in such a river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Sinan He
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Jilin Entry - Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Changchun Customs District, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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