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Chen H, Gao J, Wang Q, Liu Y, Fu X, Guo Y, Wang H, Wang Y, An J. Natural pyrite and ascorbic acid co-enhance periodate activation for inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and inhibition of resistance genes transmission: A green disinfection process dominated by singlet oxygen. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135217. [PMID: 39038380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the propagation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) threaten public health security and human health, and greener and more efficient disinfection technologies are expected to be discovered for wastewater treatment. In this study, natural pyrite and ascorbic acid (AA) were proposed as environmental-friendly activator and reductant for periodate (PI) activation to inactivate ARB. The disinfection treatment of PI/pyrite/AA system could inactivate 5.62 log ARB within 30 min, and the lower pH and higher PI and natural pyrite dosage could further boost the disinfection efficiency. The 1O2 and SO4•- were demonstrated to be crucial for the inactivation of ARB in PI/pyrite/AA system. The disinfection process destroyed the morphological structure of ARB, inducing oxidative stress and stimulating the antioxidant system. The PI/pyrite/AA system effectively reduced the intracellular and extracellular DNA concentration and ARGs abundance, inhibiting the propagation of ARGs. The presence of AA facilitated the activation of PI with natural pyrite and significantly increased the concentration of Fe2+ in solution. The reusability of natural pyrite, the safety of the disinfection by-products and the inhibition of ARB regeneration indicated the application potential of PI/pyrite/AA system in wastewater disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingfeng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yi Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hanyi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiawen An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Zhang M, Wang X, Deng X, Zheng S, Zhang W, He JZ, Yu X, Feng M, Ye C. Viable but non-culturable state formation and resuscitation of different antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli induced by UV/chlorine. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122011. [PMID: 38959654 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The presence of "viable but nonculturable" (VBNC) state and bacterial antibiotic resistance (BAR) both pose significant threats to the safety of drinking water. However, limited data was available that explicitly addressed the contribution of bacterial VBNC state in the maintenance and propagation of BAR. Here, the VBNC state induction and resuscitation of two antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli K12 strains, one carrying multidrug-resistant plasmid (RP4 E. coli) and the other with chromosomal mutation (RIF E. coli) were characterized by subjecting them to different doses of UV/chlorine. The results illustrated that the induction, resuscitation, and associated mechanisms of VBNC ARB exhibit variations based on resistance determinants. RP4 E. coli exhibited a higher susceptibility to enter VBNC state compared to the RIF E. coli., and most VBNC state and resuscitated RP4 E. coli retained original antibiotic resistance. While, reverse mutation in the rpoB gene was observed in VBNC state and recovered RIF E. coli strains induced by high doses of UV/chlorine treatment, leading to the loss of rifampicin resistance. According to RT-qPCR results, ARGs conferring efflux pumps appeared to play a more significant role in the VBNC state formation of RP4 E. coli and the down-regulation of rpoS gene enhanced the speed at which this plasmid-carrying ARB entered into the dormant state. As to RIF E. coli, the induction of VBNC state was supposed to be regulated by the combination of general stress response, SOS response, stringent response, and TA system. Above all, this study highlights that ARB could become VBNC state during UV/chlorine treatments and retain, in some cases, their ability to spread ARGs. Importantly, compared with chromosomal mutation-mediated ARB, both VBNC and resuscitated state ARB that carries multidrug-resistant plasmids poses more serious health risks. Our study provides insights into the relationship between the VBNC state and the propagation of BAR in drinking water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Sanming 365002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xuansen Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- Fujian Minhuan Testing and Inspection Co., Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Suxia Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Normal University, Sanming 365002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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3
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Dadeh Amirfard K, Moriyama M, Suzuki S, Sano D. Effect of environmental factors on conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic settings. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae129. [PMID: 38830804 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) are spread among bacteria by horizontal gene transfer, however, the effect of environmental factors on the dynamics of the ARG in water environments has not been very well understood. In this systematic review, we employed the regression tree algorithm to identify the environmental factors that facilitate/inhibit the transfer of ARGs via conjugation in planktonic/biofilm-formed bacterial cells based on the results of past relevant research. Escherichia coli strains were the most studied genus for conjugation experiments as donor/recipient in the intra-genera category. Conversely, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. were studied primarily as recipients across inter-genera bacteria. The conjugation efficiency (ce) was found to be highly dependent on the incubation period. Some antibiotics, such as nitrofurantoin (at ≥0.2 µg ml-1) and kanamycin (at ≥9.5 mg l-1) as well as metallic compounds like mercury (II) chloride (HgCl2, ≥3 µmol l-1), and vanadium (III) chloride (VCl3, ≥50 µmol l-1) had enhancing effect on conjugation. The highest ce value (-0.90 log10) was achieved at 15°C-19°C, with linoleic acid concentrations <8 mg l-1, a recognized conjugation inhibitor. Identifying critical environmental factors affecting ARG dissemination in aquatic environments will accelerate strategies to control their proliferation and combat antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Dadeh Amirfard
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Momoko Moriyama
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyōchō 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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Zhang C, Peng J, Zhang S, Chen B, Qiu P. Modified activated carbon material-assisted electrochemical disinfection effectively inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38780483 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2356225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe production and widespread transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) pose an emerging threat to global public health. Electrochemical disinfection (ED) is an environmentally friendly disinfection technology widely utilized to inactivate ARB. This study explored the effect of modified activated carbon material (MACM) assisted ED on multi-ARB inactivation and the regeneration ability. The established ED technique was proven to be effective in inactivating multi-resistant ARB. Specifically, a 5-log ARB removal was achieved within 30 min treatment of MACM-assisted ED at 2.5 V. Additionally, no ARB regrowth was observed, indicating a permanent inactivation of ARB. The high level of reactive chlorine induced by MACM electrolysis was stressful to the ARB. Reactive chlorine led to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and damage of cell membranes in cells, accelerating the inactivation of ARB. Conclusively, the MACM-assisted ED method demonstrated efficient performance for ARB inactivation, implying this method is a promising alternative to traditional disinfection methods in countering ARB transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingze Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxiang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Bydalek F, Webster G, Barden R, Weightman AJ, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Wenk J. Microbial community and antimicrobial resistance niche differentiation in a multistage, surface flow constructed wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121408. [PMID: 38442607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Free-living (FL) and particulate-associated (PA) communities are distinct bacterioplankton lifestyles with different mobility and dissemination routes. Understanding spatio-temporal dynamics of PA and FL fractions will allow improvement to wastewater treatment processes including pathogen and AMR bacteria removal. In this study, PA, FL and sediment community composition and antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG; tetW, ermB, sul1, intI1) dynamics were investigated in a full-scale municipal wastewater free-water surface polishing constructed wetland. Taxonomic composition of PA and FL microbial communities shifted towards less diverse communities (Shannon, Chao1) at the CW effluent but retained a distinct fraction-specific composition. Wastewater treatment plant derived PA communities introduced the bulk of AMR load (70 %) into the CW. However, the FL fraction was responsible for exporting over 60 % of the effluent AMR load given its high mobility and the effective immobilization (1-3 log removal) of PA communities. Strong correlations (r2>0.8, p < 0.05) were observed between the FL fraction, tetW and emrB dynamics, and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of potentially pathogenic taxa, including Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonadaceae, and Lachnospiraceae. This study reveals niche differentiation of microbial communities and associated AMR in CWs and shows that free-living bacteria are a primary escape route of pathogenic and ARG load from CWs under low-flow hydraulic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciszek Bydalek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; GW4 NERC CDT in Freshwater Biosciences and Sustainability, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Gordon Webster
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Weightman
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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Zhang MQ, Zhang XY, Zhang HC, Qiu HB, Li ZH, Xie DH, Yuan L, Sheng GP. Gamma-ray irradiation as an effective method for mitigating antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133791. [PMID: 38367438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) has emerged as a significant environmental concern. Despite advanced treatment processes, high levels of ARGs persist in the secondary effluent from MWTPs, posing ongoing environmental risks. This study explores the potential of gamma-ray irradiation as a novel approach for sterilizing antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and reducing ARGs in MWTP secondary effluent. Our findings reveal that gamma-ray irradiation at an absorbed dose of 1.6 kGy effectively deactivates all culturable bacteria, with no subsequent revival observed after exposure to 6.4 kGy and a 96-h incubation in darkness at room temperature. The removal efficiencies for a range of ARGs, including tetO, tetA, blaTEM-1, sulI, sulII, and tetW, were up to 90.5% with a 25.6 kGy absorbed dose. No resurgence of ARGs was detected after irradiation. Additionally, this study demonstrates a considerable reduction in the abundances of extracellular ARGs, with the transformation efficiencies of extracellular tetracycline and sulfadiazine resistance genes decreasing by 56.3-81.8% after 25.6 kGy irradiation. These results highlight the effectiveness of gamma-ray irradiation as an advanced and promising method for ARB sterilization and ARG reduction in the secondary effluent of MWTPs, offering a potential pathway to mitigate environmental risks associated with antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Chao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hai-Bin Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dong-Hua Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Li Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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7
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Wang L, Mai Y, Li S, Shu L, Fang J. Efficient inactivation of amoeba spores and their intraspore bacteria by solar/chlorine: Kinetics and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120288. [PMID: 37419027 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Amoebae are widespread in water and serve as environment vectors for pathogens, which may threaten public health. This study evaluated the inactivation of amoeba spores and their intraspore bacteria by solar/chlorine. Dictyostelium discoideum and Burkholderia agricolaris B1qs70 were selected as model amoebae and intraspore bacteria, respectively. Compared to solar irradiation and chlorine, solar/chlorine enhanced the inactivation of amoeba spores and intraspore bacteria, with 5.1 and 5.2-log reduction at 20 min, respectively. The enhancement was similar in real drinking water by solar/chlorine under natural sunlight. However, the spore inactivation decreased to 2.97-log by 20 min solar/chlorine under oxygen-free condition, indicating that ozone played a crucial role in the spore inactivation, as also confirmed by the scavenging test using tert‑butanol to scavenge the ground-state atomic oxygen (O(3P)) as a ozone precursor. Moreover, solar/chlorine induced the shape destruction and structural collapse of amoeba spores by scanning electron microscopy. As for intraspore bacteria, their inactivation was likely ascribed to endogenous reactive oxygen species. As pH increased from 5.0 to 9.0, the inactivation of amoeba spores decreased, whereas that of intraspore bacteria was similar at pH 5.0 and 6.5 during solar/chlorine treatment. This study first reports the efficient inactivation of amoeba spores and their intraspore pathogenic bacteria by solar/chlorine in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yingwen Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shenzhou Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Longfei Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 China.
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 China.
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Loret S, Habib B, Romain P, Roba A, Reboul A. Prevention of horizontal transfer of laboratory plasmids to environmental bacteria: comparison of the effectiveness of a few disinfection approaches to degrade DNA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89369-89380. [PMID: 37450185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The routine work of any molecular biology laboratory includes the daily use of microorganisms, including strains of E. coli, transformed with a variety of plasmids expressing at least one antibiotic resistance gene (ARG). Therefore, to avoid the accidental release of ARGs into environmental water, methods for disinfection of liquid laboratory waste must be effective in destroying nucleic acids. In support of this recommendation, the origin of replication of Enterobacteriaceae plasmids has been detected in strains of non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from wastewater from laboratories and research institutes, suggesting that interspecific transfer of laboratory plasmids had occurred. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we determined the decimal reduction value (D value, expressed as concentration of disinfectant or length of physical treatment) of several decontamination methods for their DNA degradation effect on cultures of E. coli Top10 transformed with a kanamycin resistant plasmid (pET28A + or pEGFP-C2). The estimated D values were 0.7 M for sulfuric acid, 6.3% for a commercial P3 disinfectant, 25 min for steam sterilization at 121 °C, and 49 min for disinfection by UVC. A 20-min treatment of bacteria cultures with a final concentration of 1-10% sodium hypochlorite was found to be ineffective in completely destroying a bacteria plasmid gene marker (coding for the pBR322 origin of replication). Residual DNA from NaClO-treated cells was 60%, while it decreased under 10% using the commercial disinfectant P3 diluted at 5%. As the degradation was incomplete in both cases, we recommend avoiding discharge of disinfected liquid waste to wastewater (even after chemical neutralization) without additional plasmid destruction treatment, to prevent horizontal transfer of laboratory ARGs to environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Loret
- Health and Safety Department, Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Biosafety Office, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Boutaina Habib
- Science Faculty, University Mohammed V, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Pierre Romain
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B 5000 , Namur, Belgium
| | - Agnès Roba
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B 5000 , Namur, Belgium
| | - Angéline Reboul
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B 5000 , Namur, Belgium
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9
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Wang F, Fu Y, Lin Z, Zhang B, Se J, Guo X, Fan J, Jia Y, Xu X, Jiang Y, Shen C. Neglected Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance: Survival of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Livestock Waste through Dormancy and Release of Transformable Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes under Heat Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37336722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae has caused a global pandemic with high prevalence in livestock and poultry, which could disseminate into the environment and humans. To curb this risk, heat-based harmless treatment of livestock waste was carried out. However, some risks of the bacterial persistence have not been thoroughly assessed. This study demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) could survive at 55 °C through dormancy, and simultaneously transformable extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) would be released. The ESBL-producing pathogenic Escherichia coli CM1 from chicken manure could enter a dormant state at 55 °C and reactivate at 37 °C. Dormant CM1 had stronger β-lactam resistance, which was associated with high expression of β-lactamase genes and low expression of outer membrane porin genes. Resuscitated CM1 maintained its virulence expression and multidrug resistance and even had stronger cephalosporin resistance, which might be due to the ultra-low expression of the porin genes. Besides, heat at 55 °C promoted the release of eARGs, some of which possessed a certain nuclease stability and heat persistence, and even maintained their transformability to an Acinetobacter baylyi strain. Therefore, dormant multidrug-resistant pathogens from livestock waste will still pose a direct health risk to humans, while the resuscitation of dormant ARB and the transformation of released eARGs will jointly promote the proliferation of ARGs and the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yulong Fu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingni Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Se
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoguang Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China
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10
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Li X, Shen X, Qiu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Yin D. Fe 3O 4 quantum dots mediated P-g-C 3N 4/BiOI as an efficient and recyclable Z-scheme photo-Fenton catalyst for tetracycline degradation and bacterial inactivation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131677. [PMID: 37245363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photo-Fenton technology integrated by photocatalysis and Fenton reaction is a favorable strategy for water remediation. Nevertheless, the development of visible-light-assisted efficient and recyclable photo-Fenton catalysts still faces challenges. This study successfully constructed a novel separable Z-scheme P-g-C3N4/Fe3O4QDs/BiOI (PCN/FOQDs/BOI) heterojunction via in-situ deposition method. The results showed that the photo-Fenton degradation efficiency for tetracycline over optimal ternary catalyst reached 96.5% within 40 min at visible illumination, which was 7.1 and 9.6 times higher than its single photocatalysis and Fenton system, respectively. Moreover, PCN/FOQDs/BOI possessed excellent photo-Fenton antibacterial activity, which could completely inactivate 108 CFU·mL-1 of E. coli and S. aureus within 20 and 40 min, respectively. Theoretical calculation and in-situ characterization revealed that the enhanced catalysis behavior resulted from the FOQDs mediated Z-scheme electronic system, which not only facilitated photocreated carrier separation of PCN and BOI while maintaining maximum redox capacity, but also accelerated H2O2 activation and Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle, thus synergistically forming more active species in system. Additionally, PCN/FOQDs/BOI/Vis/H2O2 system displayed extensive adaptability at pH range of 3-11, removal universality for various organic pollutants and attractive magnetic separation property. This work would provide an inspiration for design of efficient and multifunctional Z-scheme photo-Fenton catalyst in water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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11
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Zhang T, Cheng F, Chen X, Zhang YN, Qu J, Chen J, Peijnenburg WJGM. Dark repair of sunlight-inactivated tetracycline-resistant bacteria: Mechanisms and important role of bacteria in viable but non-culturable state. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131560. [PMID: 37148796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment poses a potential threat to human health, and the reactivation of inactivated ARB accelerated the spread of ARB. However, little is known about the reactivation of sunlight-inactivated ARB in natural waters. In this study, the reactivation of sunlight-inactivated ARB in dark conditions was investigated with tetracycline-resistant E. coli (Tc-AR E. coli) as a representative. Results showed that sunlight-inactivated Tc-AR E. coli underwent dark repair to regain tetracycline resistance with dark repair ratios increasing from (0.124 ± 0.012)‱ within 24 h dark treatment to (0.891 ± 0.033)‱ within 48 h. The presence of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) promoted the reactivation of sunlight-inactivated Tc-AR E. coli and tetracycline inhibited their reactivation. The reactivation of sunlight-inactivated Tc-AR E. coli is mainly attributed to the repair of the tetracycline-specific efflux pump in the cell membrane. Tc-AR E. coli in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state was observed and dominated the reactivation as the inactivated ARB remain present in the dark for more than 20 h. These results explained the reason for distribution difference of Tc-ARB at different depths in natural waters, which are of great significance for understanding the environmental behavior of ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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12
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Sério J, Marques AP, Huertas R, Crespo JG, Pereira VJ. Occurrence and Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Present in Surface Water. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:425. [PMID: 37103852 PMCID: PMC10141635 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, antibiotic resistance is one of the main threats to global health. The excessive use of several antibiotics has led to the widespread distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in various environment matrices, including surface water. In this study, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and enterococci, as well as total coliforms and Escherichia coli resistant to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ampicillin, streptomycin, and imipenem, were monitored in several surface water sampling events. A hybrid reactor was used to test the efficiency of membrane filtration, direct photolysis (using UV-C light emitting diodes that emit light at 265 nm and UV-C low pressure mercury lamps that emit light at 254 nm), and the combination of both processes to ensure the retention and inactivation of total coliforms and Escherichia coli as well as antibiotic-resistant bacteria (total coliforms and Escherichia coli) present in river water at occurrence levels. The membranes used (unmodified silicon carbide membranes and the same membrane modified with a photocatalytic layer) effectively retained the target bacteria. Direct photolysis using low-pressure mercury lamps and light-emitting diode panels (emitting at 265 nm) achieved extremely high levels of inactivation of the target bacteria. The combined treatment (unmodified and modified photocatalytic surfaces in combination with UV-C and UV-A light sources) successfully retained the bacteria and treated the feed after 1 h of treatment. The hybrid treatment proposed is a promising approach to use as point-of-use treatment by isolated populations or when conventional systems and electricity fail due to natural disasters or war. Furthermore, the effective treatment obtained when the combined system was used with UV-A light sources indicates that the process may be a promising approach to guarantee water disinfection using natural sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Sério
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Marques
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rosa Huertas
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Goulão Crespo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Jorge Pereira
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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13
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B. Soro A, Shokri S, Nicolau-Lapeña I, Ekhlas D, Burgess CM, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Bourke P, Tiwari BK. Current challenges in the application of the UV-LED technology for food decontamination. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Ko E, Bai J. Effective control of antibiotic resistance using a sonication-based combinational treatment and its application to fresh food. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106198. [PMID: 36244093 PMCID: PMC9579713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been widely used to treat several infectious diseases. However, the overuse of antibiotics has promoted the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in various fields, including the food industry. In this study, the antimicrobial efficacies of two conventional sterilization methods, mild heat, and sonication, were evaluated and optimized to develop a new strategy against ARB. Simultaneous mild heat and sonication (HS) treatment led to a significant reduction in viable cell counts, achieving a 5.58-log reduction in 4 min. However, no remarkable decrease in viable cell counts was observed in individually treated groups. Interestingly, the release of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) increased in a time-dependent manner in the heat-treated and HS-treated groups. The inactivation levels of ARGs increased as the HS treatment time increased from 2 to 8 min, and most ARGs were degraded after 8 min. In contrast, no significant inactivation of ARGs was observed in the heat-treated and sonication-treated groups after 8 min. These results reveal the synergistic effect of the combination treatment in controlling not only ARB but also ARGs. Finally, on applying this newly developed combination treatment to fresh food (cherry tomato and carrot juice), 3.97- and 4.28-log microbial inactivation was achieved, respectively. In addition, combination treatment did not affect food quality during storage for 5 days. Moreover, HS treatment effectively inactivated ARGs in fresh food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Ko
- Division of Applied Food System, Major in Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Bai
- Division of Applied Food System, Major in Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea.
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15
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Mousazadeh M, Kabdaşlı I, Khademi S, Sandoval MA, Moussavi SP, Malekdar F, Gilhotra V, Hashemi M, Dehghani MH. A critical review on the existing wastewater treatment methods in the COVID-19 era: What is the potential of advanced oxidation processes in combatting viral especially SARS-CoV-2? JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2022; 49:103077. [PMID: 35990175 PMCID: PMC9381433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic has put the risk of virus contamination in water bodies on the horizon of health authorities. Hence, finding effective ways to remove the virus, especially SARS-CoV-2, from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has emerged as a hot issue in the last few years. Herein, this study first deals with the fate of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in WWTPs, then critically reviews and compares different wastewater treatment methods for combatting COVID-19 as well as to increase the water quality. This critical review sheds light the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to inactivate virus, specially SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Although several physicochemical treatment processes (e.g. activated sludge) are commonly used to eliminate pathogens, AOPs are the most versatile and effective virus inactivation methods. For instance, TiO2 is the most known and widely studied photo-catalyst innocuously utilized to degrade pollutants as well as to photo-induce bacterial and virus disinfection due to its high chemical resistance and efficient photo-activity. When ozone is dissolved in water and wastewater, it generates a wide spectrum of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible to degrade materials in virus membranes resulting in destroying the cell wall. Furthermore, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes act through direct oxidation when pathogens react at the anode surface or by indirect oxidation through oxidizing species produced in the bulk solution. Consequently, they represent a feasible choice for the inactivation of a wide range of pathogens. Nonetheless, there are some challenges with AOPs which should be addressed for application at industrial-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Işık Kabdaşlı
- İstanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazağa Campus, 34469 Maslak, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sara Khademi
- Health, Safety, and Environment Specialist, North Drilling Company, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Fatemeh Malekdar
- Department of Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Marjan Hashemi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Wang Y, Han Y, Li L, Liu J, Yan X. Distribution, sources, and potential risks of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119870. [PMID: 35921944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Irrational use of antibiotics produces a large number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) act as important sources and sinks of ARGs, and play an important role in their generation, treatment, and dissemination. This study summarizes the types, concentrations, and factors of ARGs in WWTPs, investigates the sources of ARGs in wastewater, compares the removal efficiencies of different treatment processes on ARGs, and analyzes the potential risks of ARGs accumulation in effluent, sludge and their emission into the air. The results show that the main ARGs detected in the influent of WWTPs are the genes resistant to macrolides (ermB, ermF), tetracyclines (tetW, tetA, tetC), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), and β-lactams (blaOXA, blaTEM). The concentrations of ARGs in the influent of the WWTPs are 2.23 × 102-3.90 × 109 copies/mL. Wastewater quality and microbial community are the dominant factors that affect the distribution characteristics of ARGs. The accumulation of ARGs in effluent, sludge, and aerosols pose potential risks to the regional ecological environment and human health. Based on these results, research trends with respect to ARGs in WWTPs are also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
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17
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Zuo X, Cao W, Li Y, Wang T. Antibiotic resistant bacteria inactivation through metal-free electrochemical disinfection with carbon catalysts and its potential risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135496. [PMID: 35764114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) during the electrochemical disinfection. However, no available information could be found on ARB inactivation in water during metal-free electrochemical disinfection. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based carbon catalyst (PPC) was chosen as working electrode. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate key design for ARB inactivation, effects of water matrix and potential risks after the disinfection under the pre-determined conditions. The disinfection with current density at 2.25 mA/cm2 and Air/Water ratio of 10:1 was optimal with the largest ARB inactivation (5.0 log reduction for 40 min), which was in line with the profile and yield of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during the disinfection. Effects of water matrix analysis implied that ARB inactivation efficiencies during the disinfection in acidic solutions were better than the one in alkaline solutions, which could be due to rich CC levels on surface of PPC cathode. After the optimal disinfection, ARB counts increased slightly at the first 2 h and then tended to disappear, and there were no conjugation transfer and little transformation for target antibiotic resistance genes, indicating that potential risks could be blocked after the disinfection for 40 min. Furthermore, intermittent flow was more effective in inactivating ARB compared with continuous flow. These suggested that the application of metal-free electrochemical disinfection with PPC to inactivate ARB in water was feasible and desirable in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoJun Zuo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - WenXing Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yang Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Environment Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi, 214105, China
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18
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Effect of UV Light and Sodium Hypochlorite on Formation and Destruction of Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofilm In Vitro. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of the first colonizers of bacterial biofilm in water systems and a member of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of UV light and sodium hypochlorite on the formation and destruction of mature P. fluorescens biofilm on ceramic tiles. Planktonic bacteria or bacteria in mature biofilm were exposed to UV light (254 nm) for 5, 20 s. and to 0.4 mg/L sodium hypochlorite for 1 min. Mature biofilm was also exposed to increased concentration of sodium hypochlorite of 2 mg/L for 0.5, 1 and 2 h and combined with UV. Prolonged action of sodium hypochlorite and an increase in its concentration in combination with UV gave the best results in the inhibition of biofilm formation after the pre-treatment and destruction of mature biofilm. The effect of hyperchlorination in combination with UV radiation shows better results after a long exposure time, although even after 120 min there was no completely destroyed biofilm. Furthermore, the mechanism of the effect of combined methods should be explored as well as the importance of mechanical cleaning that is crucial in combating bacterial biofilm in swimming pools.
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19
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Li S, Ondon BS, Ho SH, Jiang J, Li F. Antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in wastewater treatment plants: From occurrence to treatment strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156544. [PMID: 35679932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to discuss the following: (1) occurrence and proliferation of antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); (2) factors influencing antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes in WWTPs; (3) tools to assess antibiotic resistance in WWTPs; (4) environmental contamination of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from WWTPs; (5) effects of ARB and ARGs from WWTPs on human health; and (6) treatment strategies. In general, resistant and multi-resistant bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, exist in various processes of WWTPs. The existence of ARB and ARGs results from the high concentration of antibiotics in wastewater, which promote selective pressures on the local bacteria present in WWTPs. Thus, improving wastewater treatment technology and avoiding the misuse of antibiotics is critical to overcoming the threat of proliferation of ARBs and ARGs. Numerous factors can affect the development of ARB and ARGs in WWTPs. Abiotic factors can affect the bacterial community dynamics, thereby, affecting the applicability of ARB during the wastewater treatment process. Furthermore, the organic loads and other nutrients influence bacterial survival and growth. Specifically, molecular methods for the rapid characterization and detection of ARBs or their genes comprise DNA sequencing, real-time PCR, simple and multiplex PCR, and hybridization-based technologies, including micro- and macro-arrays. The reuse of effluent from WWTPs for irrigation is an efficient method to overcome water scarcity. However, there are also some potential environmental risks associated with this practice, such as increase in the levels of antibiotic resistance in the soil microbiome. Human mortality rates may significantly increase, as ARB can lead to resistance among several types of antibiotics or longer treatment times. Some treatment technologies, such as anaerobic and aerobic treatment, coagulation, membrane bioreactors, and disinfection processes, are considered potential techniques to restrict antibiotic resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Brim Stevy Ondon
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Jiwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fengxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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20
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Zuo X, Suo P. Distribution of typical antibiotic resistance genes in underlying surface sediments from urban commercial public squares and their potential hosts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155730. [PMID: 35525346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environments. However, no available literature could be found on ARGs contamination in urban underlying surface sediments. In this study, sediments from commercial public squares around Nanjing (China) were selected for the investigation of target ARGs distribution, showing that intracellular ARGs (iARGs) in particles were the dominant with their relative abundances in descending order of 4.82 × 10-2 copies/16S rRNA (<0.063 mm), 4.18 × 10-2 copies/16S rRNA (0.063-0.125 mm), 3.70 × 10-2 copies/16S rRNA (0.25-0.5 mm), 3.44 × 10-2 copies/16S rRNA (0.5-1 mm), 3.20 × 10-2 copies/16S rRNA (0.125-0.25 mm) and 9.53 × 10-3 copies/16S rRNA (1-2 mm), which was different with that of extracellular ARGs (eARGs). The influence of street sweeping on ARGs levels indicated that the species and relative abundances for both iARGs and eARGs in sediments from different sites were not consistent with the corresponding population densities. The correlation between ARGs and dominant bacterial communities implied that both Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were positively correlated with ARGs (P < 0.01). The role of solar UV disinfection demonstrated that UV irradiation could inactivate antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) slightly with 0.5-1.0 log reduction, implying a considerable risk of ARB after solar irradiation. Our results suggested that it would need the more effective sweeping modes for the cleaning of small particles (<0.25 mm) and the higher disinfection to ARGs potential hosts (like Firmicutes and Blastocatella).
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoJun Zuo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - PengCheng Suo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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21
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Das D, Bordoloi A, Achary MP, Caldwell DJ, Suri RPS. Degradation and inactivation of chromosomal and plasmid encoded resistance genes/ARBs and the impact of different matrices on UV and UV/H 2O 2 based advanced oxidation process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155205. [PMID: 35421486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a structured investigation on the degradation kinetics of different types (gyrAR,tetAR, qnrSR) and conformational forms (chromosomal, plasmids) of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (intl-1, plasmids) as a function of water matrix (DI water, phosphate buffer, wastewater) with UV and UV/H2O2 treatments. Extracellular, intracellular and the free-ARGs fate were tracked to infer the impact of various parameters on the degradation efficacy of the treatment process. The degradation profile of e-ARGs (118-454 bp) showed 1-4 log reductions but did not correlate strongly to amplicon size indicating the importance of active sites distribution and/or types of ARGs for UV induced gene damage. The i-ARGs showed similar degradation rates compared to e-ARGs for UV in phosphate buffer (PBS) but showed (1.3-2 times) slower rates for i-ARGs with UV/H2O2 due to scavenging of OH radicals by the cellular components. While the ARB inactivation was effective, but ARG damage was not supplemental as i-ARGs and f-ARGs persisted. In the wastewater matrix, generation of radical species was contributing to improved degradation rates from UV/H2O2 treatment, specifically for f-ARGs resulting in significantly improved degradation (p<0.05) compared to PBS. These indicates a non-selective nature of attack from radical species generated from UV irradiation on the effluent organic matter (EfOM) than sequenced based damage to the genes from UV. For the plasmid degradation, conformational differences pertaining to the supercoiled structures and intracellular forms influenced slower (1.2-2.8 times) UV mediated gene damage rate as opposed to chromosomal ARGs. These results can be useful for better assessing UV based treatment processes for effective ARG removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabojani Das
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Achinta Bordoloi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Mohan P Achary
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Daniel J Caldwell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Rominder P S Suri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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22
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Zuo X, Chen S, Wang T, Zhang S, Li T. Leaching risks of antibiotic resistance genes in urban underlying surface sediments during the simulated stormwater runoff and its controls. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118735. [PMID: 35714468 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increasing attention has been paid to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban stormwater runoff. However, no available literature could be found on ARGs leaching from urban underlying surface sediments during stormwater runoff. In this study, surface sediments from commercial public squares around Nanjing (China) was selected for the investigation of target ARGs leaching kinetics, showing that absolute abundances of target ARGs desorption reached at the equilibrium during leaching time of 120-240min with all of the desorption efficiencies about 30%, indicating that there would be low proportion of leaching ARGs in the total ARGs migrating with runoff during rainfall events. Five target ARGs leaching including intI1 (clinic), strA, strB, tetM and tetX can be better described by the pseudo-second-order equation, while qacEdelta1 leaching can be better described by the pseudo-first-order equation, and the leaching for both sul1 and sul2 can be well described by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations. The effects of environmental factors including S/L ratios, pH values and water temperatures indicated that leaching efficiencies of target ARGs enhanced significantly with the increase of S/L ratios and water temperatures, but decreased with the increase of pH values. The transmission experiments after the simulated solar irradiation and heat implied that both large solar UV irradiation (30W/m2) and high temperature (40℃) were conducive to conjugation and transformation frequencies of ARGs. Furthermore, both high Cao and medium PAM levels could be effective for blocking ARGs transmission in the leachate from underlying surface sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoJun Zuo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - ShaoJie Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Environment Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - SongHu Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Ting Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Joint Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
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23
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Yang Z, Liu P, Wei H, Li H, Li J, Qiu X, Ding R, Guo X. Alteration in microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes mediated by microplastics during wastewater ultraviolet disinfection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153918. [PMID: 35189224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) could be as a vector to colonize microorganisms and antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) in surface water. However, little information is known regarding their changes by the presence of MPs in wastewater treatment. Here, the effects of different concentrations and sizes of polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) on the distribution and removal of microbial communities and ARGs under ultraviolet disinfection of urban sewage have been systematically studied. Results showed that the presence of MPs altered abundance and functions of microorganisms in wastewater, despite different effects on different types of microorganisms. The most abundant ARGs in original disinfection tank sewage was rpoB2 (6.34%). A certain concentration range of MPs can improve the ability of specific types of ARGs in the UV disinfection process. Compared to the system without PSMPs, the content of Deinococcus-Thermus and Bacteroidetes phylum increased, while Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phylum decreased in the presence of MPs. The microbial functions, especially the genetic information processing and metabolism were altered by the presence of PSMPs. In addition, PSMPs altered the content of ARGs, where the contents of OXA-182 and ErmH were increased, while adeF and ANT3-Iic were decreased. PSMPs also decreased the free ARB content in wastewater by providing colonization sites. The UV disinfection efficiency of microorganisms and ARGs was also intervened by PSMPs since they provided colonization sites and increased the water turbidity. The findings indicated that PSMPs altered the distribution and removal of microbial community and ARGs in ultraviolet disinfection of wastewater, highlighting the combined risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Haoyu Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huang Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinran Qiu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Ding
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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24
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Lu S, Zhang G. Recent advances on inactivation of waterborne pathogenic microorganisms by (photo) electrochemical oxidation processes: Design and application strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128619. [PMID: 35359104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared with other conventional water disinfection processes, (photo) electrochemical oxidation (P/ECO) processes have the characteristics of environmental friendliness, convenient installation and operation, easy control and high efficiency of inactivating waterborne pathogenic microorganisms (PMs), so that more and more research work has been focused on this topic, but there is still a huge gap between the research and practical application. Here, the research network of inactivating PMs by P/ECO processes has been comprehensively summarized, and the electrode/reactor/process design strategies based on strengthening direct and indirect oxidation, enhancing mass transfer efficiency and electron transfer efficiency, and improving the effective dose of electrogenerated oxidants are discussed. Furthermore, the factors affecting the inactivation of PMs and the issues regarding to stability and lifetime of the electrode are discussed respectively. Finally, the important research priorities and possible research challenges of P/ECO processes are put forward to make significant progress of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Guan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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25
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Meng X, Li F, Yi L, Dieketseng MY, Wang X, Zhou L, Zheng G. Free radicals removing extracellular polymeric substances to enhance the degradation of intracellular antibiotic resistance genes in multi-resistant Pseudomonas Putida by UV/H 2O 2 and UV/peroxydisulfate disinfection processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128502. [PMID: 35183053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UV-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) have been recommended to disinfect wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, but the mechanism of intracellular antibiotic resistance genes (i-ARGs) degradation by UV-AOPs is still poorly understood. Here we compared the efficacies of UV, UV/H2O2, and UV/PDS in degrading seven i-ARGs carried by a multi-drug resistant P. putida MX-2 isolated from sewage sludge and investigated the roles of free radicals and UV irradiation in degrading the carried i-ARGs in UV-AOPs. The results suggested that although UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS were only slightly superior to UV to inactivate P. putida MX-2, they significantly promoted the degradation of i-ARGs. The generated free radicals mainly reacted with the bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), increased the cell membrane permeability of bacteria, and consequently facilitated UV irradiation enter into the intracellular environment to damage the i-ARGs, thus enhancing their degradation during UV-AOPs processes. Our findings suggested that the removal of bacterial EPS by free radicals greatly contributed to the degradation of i-ARGs by UV irradiation in UV-AOPs, and more efficient approaches that are capable of removing EPS should be further developed to effectively control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance by UV treatment of wastewater effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Meng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangjuan Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mahlatsi Yorgan Dieketseng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanyu Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China.
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26
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Valenzuela L, Amariei G, Ezugwu CI, Faraldos M, Bahamonde A, Mosquera ME, Rosal R. Zirconium-based Metal-Organic Frameworks for highly efficient solar light-driven photoelectrocatalytic disinfection. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Jiang Q, Feng M, Ye C, Yu X. Effects and relevant mechanisms of non-antibiotic factors on the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in water environments: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150568. [PMID: 34627113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has created obstacles in the treatment of infectious diseases with antibiotics. The horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can exacerbate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in water environments. In addition to antibiotic selective pressure, multiple non-antibiotic factors can affect the horizontal transfer of ARGs. Herein, we seek to comprehensively review the effects and relevant mechanisms of non-antibiotic factors on the horizontal transfer of ARGs in water environments, especially contaminants from human activities and water treatment processes. Four pathways have been identified to accomplish horizontal gene transfer (HGT), i.e., conjugation, transformation, transduction, and vesiduction. Changes in conjugative frequencies by non-antibiotic factors are mainly related to their concentrations, which conform to hormesis. Relevant mechanisms involve the alteration in cell membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species, SOS response, pilus, and mRNA expression of relevant genes. Transformation induced by extracellular DNA may be more vulnerable to non-antibiotic factors than other pathways. Except bacteriophage infection, the effects of non-antibiotic factors on transduction exhibit many similarities with that of conjugation. Given the secretion of membrane vesicles stimulated by non-antibiotic factors, their effects on vesiduction can be inferred. Furthermore, contaminants from human activities at sub-inhibitory or environmentally relevant concentrations usually promote HGT, resulting in further dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The horizontal transfer of ARGs is difficult to be inhibited by individual water treatment processes (e.g., chlorination, UV treatment, and photocatalysis) unless they attain sufficient intensity. Accordingly, the synergistic application containing two or more water treatment processes is recommended. Overall, we believe this review can elucidate the significance for risk assessments of contaminants from human activities and provide insights into the development of environment-friendly and cost-efficient water treatment processes to inhibit the horizontal transfer of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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28
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Li L, Yu M, Yang C, Deng C, Ma L, Liu Y. Effects of abiotic factors on the stability and infectivity of polyvalent coliphage. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:141-151. [PMID: 35050872 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage has attracted growing interest as a promising therapeutic agent for pathogenic bacteria, especially for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, the various abiotic conditions could impact the stability of phages and further threat host-virus interactions. Here, we investigated the stability and lytic activity of virulent polyvalent coliphage (named PE1) by double-layer plaque assay. PE1 can efficiently infect both the drug-sensitive Escherichia coli K12 and multidrug-resistant E. coli NDM-1 even after prolonged storage at 4 °C for up to two months. Results showed that PE1 exhibits an outstanding stability to infect E. coli strains under a wide range of thermal (4 °C-60 °C) and pH (4-11) conditions, which covers the thermal and pH variations of most wastewater treatment plants. Moreover, PE1 exhibited high resistibility to heavy metals exposure including Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Cr3+ at the concentrations below 0.5 mM, and an excellent resistant ability to the variation of ionic strength, which still retained strong infectious ability even treated with saturated sodium chloride solution (350 g/L). This work shows that polyvalent phage PE1 has a strong adaptive capacity to various abiotic factors and should be a good candidate of being an antibacterial agent, especially for antibiotic-resistant bacteria control in sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China E-mail: ; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Ming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China E-mail:
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China E-mail:
| | - Chunping Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China E-mail:
| | - Lili Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China E-mail:
| | - Yucheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China E-mail: ; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
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29
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Rilstone V, Vignale L, Craddock J, Cushing A, Filion Y, Champagne P. The role of antibiotics and heavy metals on the development, promotion, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in drinking water biofilms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131048. [PMID: 34470147 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), as well as the development of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), have become an increasing concern for public health and management. As bulk water travels from source to tap, it may accumulate contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as antibiotics and heavy metals. When these CECs and other selective pressures, such as disinfection, pipe material, temperature, pH, and nutrient availability interact with planktonic cells and, consequently, DWDS biofilms, AMR is promoted. The purpose of this review is to highlight the mechanisms by which AMR develops and is disseminated within DWDS biofilms. First, this review will lay a foundation by describing how DWDS biofilms form, as well as their basic intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Next, the selective pressures that further induce AMR in DWDS biofilms will be elaborated. Then, the pressures by which antibiotic and heavy metal CECs accumulate in DWDS biofilms, their individual resistance mechanisms, and co-selection are described and discussed. Finally, the known human health risks and current management strategies to mitigate AMR in DWDSs will be presented. Overall, this review provides critical connections between several biotic and abiotic factors that influence and induce AMR in DWDS biofilms. Implications are made regarding the importance of monitoring and managing the development, promotion, and dissemination of AMR in DWDS biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rilstone
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Leah Vignale
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Justine Craddock
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Alexandria Cushing
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Yves Filion
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec City, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
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30
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Wang L, Ye C, Guo L, Chen C, Kong X, Chen Y, Shu L, Wang P, Yu X, Fang J. Assessment of the UV/Chlorine Process in the Disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficiency and Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9221-9230. [PMID: 34138551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UV irradiation and chlorination have been widely used for water disinfection. However, there are some limitations, such as the risk of generating viable but nonculturable bacteria and bacteria reactivation when using UV irradiation or chlorination alone. This study comprehensively evaluated the feasibility of the UV/chlorine process in drinking water disinfection, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was selected as the target microorganism. The number of culturable cells was effectively reduced by more than 5 orders of magnitude (5-log10) after UV, chlorine, and UV/chlorine treatments. However, intact and VBNC cells were detected at 103 to 104 cells/mL after UV and chlorine treatments, whereas they were undetectable after UV/chlorine treatment due to the primary contribution of reactive chlorine species (Cl•, Cl2•-, and ClO•). After UV/chlorine treatment, the metabolic activity determined using single cell Raman spectroscopy was much lower than that after UV. The level of toxic opr gene in P. aeruginosa decreased by more than 99% after UV/chlorine treatment. Importantly, bacterial dark reactivation was completely suppressed by UV/chlorine treatment but not UV or chlorination. This study suggests that the UV/chlorine treatment can completely damage bacteria and is promising for pathogen inactivation to overcome the limitations of UV and chlorine treatments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Lizheng Guo
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yaoqing Chen
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 510000, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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31
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García-Espinoza JD, Robles I, Durán-Moreno A, Godínez LA. Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129957. [PMID: 33979920 PMCID: PMC8121763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection is usually the final step in water treatment and its effectiveness is of paramount importance in ensuring public health. Chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ozone (O3) are currently the most common methods for water disinfection; however, the generation of toxic by-products and the non-remnant effect of UV and O3 still constitute major drawbacks. Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) on the other hand, appear as a potentially effective option for water disinfection. In these processes, the synergism between electrochemically produced active species and photo-generated radicals, improve their performance when compared with the corresponding separate processes and with other physical or chemical approaches. In photo-assisted EAOPs the inactivation of pathogens takes place by means of mechanisms that occur at different distances from the anode, that is: (i) directly at the electrode's surface (direct oxidation), (ii) at the anode's vicinity by means of electrochemically generated hydroxyl radical species (quasi-direct), (iii) or at the bulk solution (away from the electrode surface) by photo-electrogenerated active species (indirect oxidation). This review addresses state of the art reports concerning the inactivation of pathogens in water by means of photo-assisted EAOPs such as photo-electrocatalytic process, photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation, photo-electrocoagulation and cathodic processes. By focusing on the oxidation mechanism, it was found that while quasi-direct oxidation is the preponderant inactivation mechanism, the photo-electrocatalytic process using semiconductor materials is the most studied method as revealed by numerous reports in the literature. Advantages, disadvantages, trends and perspectives for water disinfection in photo-assisted EAOPs are also analyzed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Daniel García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Hernández-Gordillo A, Arriaga S. Mesoporous TiO 2 Monoliths Impregnated with CdS and CuO Nanoparticles for Airborne Bacteria Inactivation Under Visible Light. Catal Letters 2021; 152:629-640. [PMID: 34054251 PMCID: PMC8141277 DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, macroscopic TiO2 monoliths are proposed to serve simultaneously as support and co-catalyst in a continuous flow photoreactor. The impregnation via one-pot of mesoporous TiO2 with CdS (m-TiO2/CdS) and CuO (m-TiO2/CuO) nanoparticles enabled the formation of photocatalytic heterojunctions retaining high specific surface area (~ 100 m2/g). The impregnated monoliths of 2-3 mm in size were employed as photocatalysts to inactivate airborne bacteria under blue light, reducing the emission of living airborne bacteria up to 0.1% and 37.7% when using m-TiO2/CdS and m-TiO2/CuO, respectively. Bacteria were characterized and quantified by flow cytometry and cell lysis was confirmed by SEM, detecting collapsed bacteria. Along 96 h of continuous photocatalysis at a flow rate of 2.2 L/min, the cell concentration presented maxima and minima due to the adsorption-desorption stages of bioaerosols over the catalysts, in concordance with thermal gravimetric analysis. The reactivation of catalysts was achieved by calcination at 400 °C, however, after a third re-cycle, the photocatalytic activity for all monoliths was practically negligible because the physicochemical surface changes hinder the adequate bioaerosol adsorption. These porous systems could emerge as promising gas-phase catalysts since the mass transport is facilitated by porosity and the release of catalyst nanoparticles is avoided by the active support, providing a safe and viable model for bioaerosols inactivation to improve indoor air quality with the use of interior lighting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10562-021-03659-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Hernández-Gordillo
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Sonia Arriaga
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, México
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Tang Y, Qin Z, Yin S, Sun H. Transition metal oxide and chalcogenide-based nanomaterials for antibacterial activities: an overview. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6373-6388. [PMID: 33885521 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new battle line is drawn where antibiotic misuse and mismanagement have made treatment of bacterial infection a thorny issue. It is highly desirable to develop active antibacterial materials for bacterial control and destruction without drug resistance. A large amount of effort has been devoted to transition metal oxide and chalcogenide (TMO&C) nanomaterials as possible candidates owing to their unconventional physiochemical, electronic and optical properties and feasibility of functional architecture assembly. This review expounds multiple TMO&C-based strategies to combat pathogens, opening up new possibilities for the design of simple, yet highly effective systems that are crucial for antimicrobial treatment. A special emphasis is placed on the multiple mechanisms of these nanoagents, including mechanical rupture, photocatalytic/photothermal activity, Fenton-type reaction, nanozyme-assisted effect, released metal ions and the synergistic action of TMO&C in combination with other antibacterial agents. The applications of TMO&C nanomaterials mostly in air/water purification and wound healing along with their bactericidal activities and mechanisms are also described. Finally, the contemporary challenges and trends in the development of TMO&C-based antibacterial strategies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, PR China.
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Wang M, Ateia M, Awfa D, Yoshimura C. Regrowth of bacteria after light-based disinfection - What we know and where we go from here. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128850. [PMID: 33187648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Regrowth of bacteria after water/wastewater disinfection is a serious risk to public health, particularly when such pathogens carry antibiotic resistance genes. Despite increasing interest in light-based disinfection using ultraviolet or solar radiation, the mechanism of bacterial regrowth and their concentration upon light exposure (i.e., during storage, or after discharge into rivers or lakes) remain poorly understood. Therefore, we present a focused critical review to 1) elucidate regrowth mechanisms, 2) summarize the pros and cons of available experimental designs and detection techniques for regrowth evaluation, and 3) provide an outlook of key research directions for further investigations of post-disinfection bacterial regrowth. Bacterial regrowth can occur through reactivation from a viable but non-culturable state, repair of photo-induced DNA damage, and reproduction of bacteria surviving disinfection. Many studies have underestimated the degree of actual regrowth because of the use of simple experimental designs and plate count methods, which cannot quantify actual abundance of viable bacteria. Further research should investigate the effects of various factors on bacterial regrowth in realistic conditions in regrowth tests and adopt multiplex detection methods that combine culture-based and culture-independent approaches. An accurate understanding of the mechanisms involved in bacterial regrowth following disinfection is critical for safeguarding public health and aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Dion Awfa
- Water and Wastewater Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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Li HB, Hou AM, Chen TJ, Yang D, Chen ZS, Shen ZQ, Qiu ZG, Yin J, Yang ZW, Shi DY, Wang HR, Li JW, Jin M. Decreased Antibiotic Susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Surviving UV Irradition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:604245. [PMID: 33613479 PMCID: PMC7886673 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.604245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its excellent performance against the pathogens, UV disinfection has been applied broadly in different fields. However, only limited studies have comprehensively investigated the response of bacteria surviving UV irradiation to the environmental antibiotic stress. Here, we investigated the antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suffering from the UV irradiation. Our results revealed that UV exposure may decrease the susceptibility to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and polymyxin B in the survival P. aeruginosa. Mechanistically, UV exposure causes oxidative stress in P. aeruginosa and consequently induces dysregulation of genes contributed to the related antibiotic resistance genes. These results revealed that the insufficient ultraviolet radiation dose may result in the decreased antibiotic susceptibility in the pathogens, thus posing potential threats to the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bei Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Ai-Ming Hou
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng-Shan Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Shen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Qiu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan-Yang Shi
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua-Ran Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-Wen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
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Lu S, Meng G, Wang C, Chen H. Photocatalytic inactivation of airborne bacteria in a polyurethane foam reactor loaded with a hybrid of MXene and anatase TiO 2 exposing {0 0 1} facets. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 404:126526. [PMID: 32834761 PMCID: PMC7403034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid of TiO2 exposing {0 0 1} facets and monolayer Ti3C2Tx nanosheet (MXene) was synthesized, characterized and used as a photocatalyst in this study. The introduction of MXene (3.4 wt%) helped to reduce the recombination of photo-induced electrons and holes, and thus enhanced the photocatalytic activity by 30%. A continuous flow-through reactor loaded with the as-prepared photocatalyst coated onto polyurethane foam was developed to inactivate airborne bacteria. The photocatalytic inactivation efficiency of airborne Escherichia coli (E. coli) achieved 3.4 lg order under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at 254 (UV254), which was superior to that using UV254-only treatment with 2.5 lg order under the same operating condition (95% relative humidity and retention time of 4.27 s). The effect of humidity and bacteria species on inactivation performance was also investigated. The thick cell membrane could protect bacteria from photocatalytic oxidation while high humidity increased the photocatalytic inactivation efficiency by generating more reactive oxygen species. The phenomena of photo reactivation and dark repair of airborne E. coli using UV254-only treatment was observed. However, no reactivation occurred after UV photocatalytic inactivation, and even a continuous decline under visible light. These results suggested a different inactivation mechanism between UV irradiation and UV photocatalysis that the former inactivated bacteria by damaging their DNA, whereas photocatalysis physically damaged their cell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Ge Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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Sivakumar K, Lehmann R, Rachmadi AT, Augsburger N, Zaouri N, Tegner J, Hong PY. Elucidating the Role of Virulence Traits in the Survival of Pathogenic E. coli PI-7 Following Disinfection. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:614186. [PMID: 33415102 PMCID: PMC7783314 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.614186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reuse and discharge of treated wastewater can result in dissemination of microorganisms into the environment. Deployment of disinfection strategies is typically proposed as a last stage remediation effort to further inactivate viable microorganisms. In this study, we hypothesize that virulence traits, including biofilm formation, motility, siderophore, and curli production along with the capability to internalize into mammalian cells play a role in survival against disinfectants. Pathogenic E. coli PI-7 strain was used as a model bacterium that was exposed to diverse disinfection strategies such as chlorination, UV and solar irradiation. To this end, we used a random transposon mutagenesis library screening approach to generate 14 mutants that exhibited varying levels of virulence traits. In these 14 isolated mutants, we observed that an increase in virulence traits such as biofilm formation, motility, curli production, and internalization capability, increased the inactivation half-lives of mutants compared to wild-type E. coli PI-7. In addition, oxidative stress response and EPS production contributed to lengthening the lag phase duration (defined as the time required for exposure to disinfectant prior to decay). However, traits related to siderophore production did not help with survival against the tested disinfection strategies. Taken together, the findings suggested that selected virulence traits facilitate survival of pathogenic E. coli PI-7, which in turn could account for the selective enrichment of pathogens over the non-pathogenic ones after wastewater treatment. Further, the study also reflected on the effectiveness of UV as a more viable disinfection strategy for inactivation of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakumar Sivakumar
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Lehmann
- Living Systems Laboratory, Environmental Epigenetic Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andri Taruna Rachmadi
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolas Augsburger
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Zaouri
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesper Tegner
- Living Systems Laboratory, Environmental Epigenetic Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Ying Hong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Wang H, Wang J, Li S, Ding G, Wang K, Zhuang T, Huang X, Wang X. Synergistic effect of UV/chlorine in bacterial inactivation, resistance gene removal, and gene conjugative transfer blocking. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116290. [PMID: 32818733 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated from effluent of two hospital and two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) before and after disinfection. The results of network analysis showed that 8 genera were identified to be the main potential hosts of ARGs, including Mycobacterium, Ferruginibacter, Thermomonas, Morganella, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Myroides and Romboutsia. The removal of ARGs and their possible bacterialhosts were synchronous and consistent by chlorine or ultraviolet (UV) disinfection in WWTPs. The mechanisms of ARB and ARGs removal, and conjugation transfer of RP4 plasmids by UV, chlorine and synergistic UV/chlorine disinfection was revealed. Compared to UV alone, ARB inactivation was improved 1.4 log and photoreactivation was overcomeeffectively by UV/chlorine combination (8 mJ/cm2, chlorine 2 mg/L). However, ARGs degradation was more difficult than ARB inactivation. Until UV dosage enhanced to 320 mJ/cm2, ARGs achieved 0.58-1.60 log removal. Meanwhile, when 2 mg/L of chlorine was combined with UV combination, ARGs removal enhanced 1-1.5 log. The synergistic effect of adding low-dose chlorine (1-2 mg/L) during UV radiation effectively improved ARB and ARGs removal simultaneously. The same synergistic effect also occurred in the horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Non-lethal dose chlorine (0.5 mg/L) increased the conjugation transfer frequency,which confirmed that the mRNA expression levels of type IV secretion system (T4SS) proteins vir4D, vir5B and vir10B were significantly enhanced. The risk of RP4 plasmid conjugation transfer was significantly reduced with UV/chlorine (UV ≥ 4 mJ/cm2, chlorine ≥ 1 mg/L). These findings may serve as valuable implications for assessing and controlling the risk of ARGs transfer and propagation in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Shuming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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Elnakar H. Disinfection and antimicrobial processes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1625-1628. [PMID: 32706489 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This is a review of some of the literature published in 2019 related to disinfection and antimicrobial processes. This review includes the following main sections: drinking water disinfection, wastewater disinfection, and antimicrobial resistance. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Emerging technologies to disinfect viruses in drinking water treatment plants are growing. Developing processes to adequately treat bypass wastewater exceeding the plant's capacity is crucial. Antimicrobial resistance poses a major challenge leading to being classified as emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Elnakar
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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40
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Zhang G, Li W, Chen S, Zhou W, Chen J. Problems of conventional disinfection and new sterilization methods for antibiotic resistance control. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126831. [PMID: 32957272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance has attracted considerable research attention, and the effects of water treatment on antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are being increasingly investigated. As an indispensable part of the water treatment process, disinfection plays an important role in controlling antibiotic resistance. At present, there were many studies on the effects of conventional and new sterilization methods on ARB and ARGs. However, there is a lack of literature relating to the limitations of conventional methods and analysis of new techniques. Therefore, this review focuses on analyzing the deficiencies of conventional disinfection and the development of new methods for antibiotic resistance control to guide future research. Firstly, we analyzed the effects and drawbacks of conventional disinfection methods, such as chlorine (Cl), ultraviolet (UV) and ozone on antibiotic resistance control. Secondly, we discuss the research progress and shortcomings of new sterilization methods in antibiotic resistance. Finally, we propose suggestions for future research directions. There is an urgent need for new effective and low-cost sterilization methods. Disinfection via UV and chlorine in combination, UV/chlorine showed greater potential for controlling ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
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Yuan Q, Zhang D, Yu P, Sun R, Javed H, Wu G, Alvarez PJJ. Selective Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes by Molecularly-Imprinted Graphitic Carbon Nitride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4621-4630. [PMID: 32150399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need to mitigate the discharge of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from municipal wastewater treatment systems. Here, molecularly-imprinted graphitic carbon nitride (MIP-C3N4) nanosheets were synthesized for selective photocatalytic degradation of a plasmid-encoded ARG (blaNDM-1, coding for multidrug resistance New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1) in secondary effluent. Molecular imprinting with guanine enhanced ARG adsorption, which improved the utilization of photogenerated oxidizing species to degrade blaNDM-1 rather than being scavenged by background nontarget constituents. Consequently, photocatalytic removal of blaNDM-1 in secondary effluent with MIP-C3N4 (k = 0.111 ± 0.028 min-1) was 37 times faster than with bare graphitic carbon nitride (k = 0.003 ± 0.001 min-1) under UVA irradiation (365 nm, 3.64 × 10-6 Einstein/L·s). MIP-C3N4 can efficiently catalyze the fragmentation of blaNDM-1, which decreased the potential for ARG repair by transformed bacteria. Molecular imprinting also changed the primary degradation pathway; electron holes (h+) were the predominant oxidizing species responsible for blaNDM-1 removal with MIP-C3N4 versus free radicals (i.e., ·OH and O2-) for coated but nonimprinted C3N4. Overall, MIP-C3N4 efficiently removed blaNDM-1 from secondary effluent, demonstrating the potential for molecular imprinting to enhance the selectivity and efficacy of photocatalytic processes to mitigate dissemination of antibiotic resistance from sewage treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Danning Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ruonan Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hassan Javed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030,United States
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Toński M, Dołżonek J, Stepnowski P, Białk-Bielińska A. Hydrolytic stability of selected pharmaceuticals and their transformation products. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124236. [PMID: 31319315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The fact that pharmaceuticals are present in the environment has been proven in numerous publications. Nevertheless, their transformation products (mainly metabolites) are detected significantly less often, mainly because they are not included in the detecting methods, even though many of them are excreted from organisms at high rates and may be biologically active or have other properties that make them a potential threat to the environment. One of the most common processes that occur in the aqueous environment is hydrolysis, which may be one of the most important factors influencing the persistency of pharmaceuticals. Therefore four pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, ibuprofen, tramadol and naproxen) as well as ten metabolites (10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine, 10,11-dihydro-2-hydroxy carbamazepine, carbamazepine epoxide, 2-hydroxy ibuprofen, ibuprofen carboxylic acid, O-desmethyltramadol, hydroxy metronidazole, N-acetylsulfamethoxazole, 4'-hydroxy diclofenac, and O-desmethylnaproxen) were selected for the hydrolytic stability tests in accordance to OECD 111 Guideline. The preliminary test showed that only carbamazepine epoxide at pH 4, hydroxy metronidazole at pH 9 and 4'-hydroxy diclofenac at pH 4 and 9 were unstable and were included in the extended tests, which resulted in calculation of rate constants and half-lives at the temperature of 20, 50 and 70 °C as well as the activation energy at the pH values in which these compounds were unstable. The obtained results show that carbamazepine epoxide is quite unstable and the half-life at 20 °C was a little more than 8 days. Nevertheless, hydroxy-metronidazole and 4'-hydroxy diclofenac did not degrade at 20 °C for 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Toński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Guo L, Ye C, Cui L, Wan K, Chen S, Zhang S, Yu X. Population and single cell metabolic activity of UV-induced VBNC bacteria determined by CTC-FCM and D 2O-labeled Raman spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104883. [PMID: 31229870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria will result in significant underestimation of viable bacterial counts in drinking water. Whereas, much is unknown in characterizing their viability. In this study, two environmental isolates (Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) and two model strains (E. coli and S. aureus) were induced into VBNC state by UV irradiation. Then, their metabolic activity was determined by 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride combination flow cytometry (CTC-FCM) and D2O-labeled Raman spectroscopy, respectively, at both population and single cell levels. The results showed that almost all strains could enter VBNC state irradiated by ≥ 5 mJ/cm2 UV. When determined by CTC-FCM, the population metabolic activity for each strain did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) unless the UV dose reached 200 mJ/cm2. Their single cell activity spectrum narrowed slightly, as indicated by changes in the standard deviation of the logarithmic normal distribution (σ) of 0.015-0.033. This minute difference suggested the CTC-FCM method was suitable for assessing the essential viability of VBNC bacteria. With respect to Raman method, an obvious dose-response effect was recorded. With the UV dosages increased from 10 to 200 mJ/cm2, the CD/(CD + CH) for the four strains were reduced to between 95.7% and 47.9% of unirradiated controls, depending on strain and UV dose. Meanwhile, the single cellular Raman spectrum showed much more heterogeneously metabolic activity distribution, with some cells even entering metabolic "silence". Considering the ubiquitous participation of water in biochemical processes, the Raman method was more appropriate in assessing the overall metabolic activity. The above findings can not only be a reference for VBNC mechanism studies, but also have the potential in optimizing disinfection and other bacterial removal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Guo
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kun Wan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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