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Priya AK, Muruganandam M, Ali SS, Kornaros M. Clean-Up of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soil by Phytoremediation: A Multidisciplinary and Eco-Friendly Approach. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050422. [PMID: 37235237 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from heavy metals is one of the significant environmental concerns facing the world today. Human activities, such as mining, farming, and manufacturing plant operations, can allow them access to the environment. Heavy metals polluting soil can harm crops, change the food chain, and endanger human health. Thus, the overarching goal for humans and the environment should be the avoidance of soil contamination by heavy metals. Heavy metals persistently present in the soil can be absorbed by plant tissues, enter the biosphere, and accumulate in the trophic levels of the food chain. The removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil can be accomplished using various physical, synthetic, and natural remediation techniques (both in situ and ex situ). The most controllable (affordable and eco-friendly) method among these is phytoremediation. The removal of heavy metal defilements can be accomplished using phytoremediation techniques, including phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, phytostabilization, and phytofiltration. The bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and the biomass of plants are the two main factors affecting how effectively phytoremediation works. The focus in phytoremediation and phytomining is on new metal hyperaccumulators with high efficiency. Subsequently, this study comprehensively examines different frameworks and biotechnological techniques available for eliminating heavy metals according to environmental guidelines, underscoring the difficulties and limitations of phytoremediation and its potential application in the clean-up of other harmful pollutants. Additionally, we share in-depth experience of safe removing the plants used in phytoremediation-a factor frequently overlooked when choosing plants to remove heavy metals in contaminated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Priya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, India
- Project Prioritization, Monitoring & Evaluation and Knowledge Management Unit, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (ICAR-IISWC), Dehradun 248195, India
| | - Muthiah Muruganandam
- Project Prioritization, Monitoring & Evaluation and Knowledge Management Unit, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (ICAR-IISWC), Dehradun 248195, India
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus-Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Zain-ul-abdein M, Ahmed F, Channa IA, Makhdoom MA, Ali R, Ehsan M, Aamir A, Ul Haq E, Nadeem M, Shafi HZ, Shar MA, Alhazaa A. Synthesis of Geopolymer from a Novel Aluminosilicate-Based Natural Soil Precursor Using Electric Oven Curing for Improved Mechanical Strength. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7757. [PMID: 36363347 PMCID: PMC9658141 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural soil (NS)-based geopolymers (GPs) have shown promise as environmentally friendly construction materials. The production of ordinary Portland cement is known to release significant amounts of greenhouse gas (CO2) into the atmosphere. The main objective of this work is to synthesize a geopolymer (GP) from an uncommon aluminosilicate-based NS and a sodium silicate (SS) activating solution that would not only minimize the emission of harmful gases, but also offer improved mechanical strength. Samples of different compositions were produced by varying the wt.% of NS from 50% to 80% and adding a balancing amount of SS solution. The drying and curing of the samples were carried out in an electric oven at specific temperatures. The degree of geopolymerization in the samples was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and microstructural analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the range of compressive strength values of the prepared GP samples. A minimum compressive strength of 10.93 MPa at a maximum porosity of 37.56% was observed in a sample with an NS to SS ratio of 1:1; while a ratio of 3:1 led to the maximum compressive strength of 26.39 MPa and the minimum porosity of 24.60%. The maximum strength (26.39 MPa) was found to be more than the reported strength values for similar systems. Moreover, an improvement in strength by a factor of three has been observed relative to previously developed NS-based GPs. It may be inferred from the findings that for the given NS, with almost 90% aluminosilicate content, the extent of geopolymerization increases significantly with its increasing proportions, yielding better mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zain-ul-abdein
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Ahmed
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed Channa
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Off University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Makhdoom
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ali
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Aamir
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Ul Haq
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Zahid Shafi
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Shar
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alhazaa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Fly Ash Application as Supplementary Cementitious Material: A Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072664. [PMID: 35407996 PMCID: PMC9000507 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to expand the knowledge on the application of the most common industrial byproduct, i.e., fly ash, as a supplementary cementitious material. The characteristics of cement-based composites containing fly ash as supplementary cementitious material were discussed. This research evaluated the mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of FA-based concrete. Additionally, the various factors affecting the aforementioned properties are discussed, as well as the limitations associated with the use of FA in concrete. The addition of fly ash as supplementary cementitious material has a favorable impact on the material characteristics along with the environmental benefits; however, there is an optimum level of its inclusion (up to 20%) beyond which FA has a deleterious influence on the composite’s performance. The evaluation of the literature identified potential solutions to the constraints and directed future research toward the application of FA in higher amounts. The delayed early strength development is one of the key downsides of FA use in cementitious composites. This can be overcome by chemical activation (alkali/sulphate) and the addition of nanomaterials, allowing for high-volume use of FA. By utilizing FA as an SCM, sustainable development may promote by lowering CO2 emissions, conserving natural resources, managing waste effectively, reducing environmental pollution, and low hydration heat.
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Disassembly Line Balancing of Electronic Waste Considering the Degree of Task Correlation. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With growing concerns about the depletion of rare-earth elements, managing End-of-Life products has become a key sustainability initiative in the supply chains of global corporations. Recycling, the process of dismantling, separating, and recovery of components and raw materials from wastes, is technologically challenging and should be planned in such a way as to ensure operational efficiency as well as safety. This study explores the Disassembly Line Balancing Problem with Correlated Tasks (DLBP-CT), which is prevalent in the recycling of the Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). For this purpose, an original Integer Nonlinear Programming (INLP) model is proposed to find the optimal configuration for the disassembly lines. Given the NP-hard nature of this problem, the Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) is developed to solve the problem, minimizing the number of workstations and maximizing the relationship between the disassembly tasks. A case example from electronic waste is provided to test the practicality of the developed optimization approach. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to explore the impact of parameter changes in the optimization outcomes. Results are supportive of the applicability of the developed approach and show that it can serve as a strong decision aid tool when selecting the best disassembly process, workstations, and task assignments.
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Ren B, Zhao Y, Bai H, Kang S, Zhang T, Song S. Eco-friendly geopolymer prepared from solid wastes: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128900. [PMID: 33234306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid wastes are generated from human activities which could cause damage to the ecological environment and human beings. In recent years, there has been extensive research on solid wastes utilized as precursors, aggregates, fibers, etc. to prepare the geopolymers, which has invariably been a research hotspot. This review classifies the solid wastes utilized for geopolymers into three main categories: industrial waste, agricultural waste, and municipal waste. Accordingly, we systematically dissert solid wastes-based geopolymer from the perspectives of structure, properties, and application. The chemical composition, morphology, particle size, thermal conductivity, and other characteristics of solid wastes can trigger changes in the specific properties of geopolymers. On this account, solid wastes-based geopolymers have great potential in the domain of concrete, fireproof materials, impermeable materials, catalysts, adsorbents, and energy storage materials, etc. More importantly, geopolymers have obvious advantages in immobilizing heavy metals in solid wastes. Therefore, it can demonstrate geopolymer is a sustainable and environmentally friendly "green material". However, it still confronts the challenges of solid wastes utilized in geopolymer (technology, economy, administration). It requires the government, enterprises, and the public to work together for co-governance to accomplish industrialization and commercialization of solid wastes-based geopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yunliang Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Haoyu Bai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shaoxian Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Kanwar VS, Sharma A, Srivastav AL, Rani L. Phytoremediation of toxic metals present in soil and water environment: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44835-44860. [PMID: 32981020 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the most hazardous inorganic contaminants of both water and soil environment composition. Normally, heavy metals are non-biodegradable in nature because of their long persistence in the environment. Trace amounts of heavy metal contamination may pose severe health problems in human beings after prolonged consumption. Many instrumental techniques such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, etc. have been developed to determine their concentration in water as well as in the soil up to ppm, ppb, or ppt levels. Recent advances in these techniques along with their respective advantages and limitations are being discussed in the present paper. Moreover, some possible remedial phytoremediation approaches (phytostimulation, phytoextraction, phyotovolatilization, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization) have been presented for the removal of the heavy metal contamination from the water and soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh Kanwar
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India.
| | - Lata Rani
- School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
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Destruction Decisions for Managing Excess Inventory in E-Commerce Logistics. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Internet has brought about new possibilities for innovation and radically changed business activities. Internet shopping is a prime example of increasing popularity, which is exacerbated due to the recent pandemic. It is expected that e-commerce will accommodate more than a quarter of the total retail sales worldwide in the next few years. Given the characteristics of e-commerce, inventory management is of paramount importance for an effective and timely response to the online customers’ demand. Despite its relevance, the issue of warehouse excess inventory is not sufficiently studied in the operations management literature. This study explores the factors, including sustainability and strategic considerations, that influence the inventory destruction decisions as one of the alternatives for managing excess inventory. Applying the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, the interrelationships between the decision factors are investigated and the decisive considerations are identified. Overall, the outcomes provide insights for the e-commerce practitioners and offer directions for modeling and managing inventory destruction decisions.
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Li H, Huang WX, Gao MY, Li X, Xiang L, Mo CH, Li YW, Cai QY, Wong MH, Wu FY. AM fungi increase uptake of Cd and BDE-209 and activities of dismutase and catalase in amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) in two contaminants spiked soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110485. [PMID: 32203776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil co-contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a widespread environmental problem, especially in electronic waste contaminated surroundings. Accumulation of Cd and BDE-209 in crops has possibly harmful effects on local human health. In order to assess the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) in remediation of soil co-contaminated with Cd and BDE-209, pot trials were performed to investigate interactive effects of AM fungi, Cd and BDE-209 on growth of amaranth, uptake of Cd and BDE-209, distribution of chemical forms of Cd and activities of antioxidant enzymes in shoots and dissipation of BDE-209 in soil. The present results showed that shoot biomass of non-mycorrhizal plants was significantly inhibited by increasing of Cd addition (5-15 mg kg-1), but were only slightly declined with BDE-209 addition (5 mg kg-1). The interaction of Cd and BDE-209 reduced the proportions of ethanol- and d-H2O-extractable Cd in shoots, consequently alleviated Cd toxicity to plants and enhanced root uptake of Cd and BDE-209. Inoculation of AM fungi resulted in significantly greater shoot biomass as well as higher concentrations of Cd and BDE-209 compared with non-mycorrhizal treatment. Moreover, AM fungi played a beneficial role in relieving oxidative stress on amaranth by increasing the activities of dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in shoots and significantly improved the dissipation of BDE-209 in soil. The present study suggested that combination of AM fungi and amaranth may be a potential option for remediation of Cd and BDE-209 co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Wei Xiong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Meng Ying Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ce Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yan Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Quan Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Fu Yong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Mudge SM, Pfaffhuber KA, Fobil JN, Bouman EA, Uggerud HT, Thorne RJ. Using elemental analyses and multivariate statistics to identify the off-site dispersion from informal e-waste processing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:2042-2057. [PMID: 31693034 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00444k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) is informally processed and recycled in Agbogbloshie in Accra (Ghana), which may be the largest such site in West Africa. This industry can lead to significant environmental contamination. In this study, surface dust samples were collected at a range of sites within Accra to establish the offsite consequences of such activities. Fifty-one samples were collected and analysed for 69 elements by ICP-mass spectrometry after nitric acid digestion. The data indicated a significant enrichment in metals associated with solder and copper wire at the site itself and a downwind dispersion of this source material to a distance of approximately 2.0 km. Chlorine and bromine were also elevated at this site as residues from polyvinyl chloride combustion and flame retardants respectively. The elemental composition indicated that only low technology electrical equipment was being treated this way. Multivariate statistical analyses by principal components analysis and polytopic vector analysis identified three sources contributing to the system; (i) burn site residue dispersing within 2 km from the source site, (ii) marine matter on the beaches alone and (iii) the baseline soil conditions of the city of Accra. Risk ratios and hazard quotients developed from the measured concentrations indicated that copper was providing the greatest risk to inhabitants in most cases although nickel, vanadium, chromium and zinc also contributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Mudge
- IMPACT, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
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