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Fu Y, Xu C, Liu X, Xue Y, Wang L, Li Q, Xia Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Cao J, Qiu S, Wang Z. Superoxide Photoproduction from Wetland Plant-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter: Implications for Biogeochemical Impacts of Plant Invasion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12477-12487. [PMID: 38943037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Although the impacts of exotic wetland plant invasions on native biodiversity, landscape features, and carbon-nitrogen cycles are well appreciated, biogeochemical consequences posed by ecological competition, such as the heterogeneity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from plant detritus and its impact on the formation of reactive oxygen species, are poorly understood. Thus, this study delves into O2•- photogeneration potential of DOM derived from three different parts (stem, leaf, and panicle) of invasive Spartina alterniflora (SA) and native Phragmites australis (PA). It is found that DOM from the leaves of SA and the panicles of PA has a superior ability to produce O2•-. With more stable aromatic structures and a higher proportion of sulfur-containing organic compounds, SA-derived DOM generally yields more O2•- than that derived from PA. UVA exposure enhances the leaching of diverse DOM molecules from plant detritus. Based on the reported monitoring data and our findings, the invasion of SA is estimated to approximately double the concentration of O2•- in the surrounding water bodies. This study can help to predict the underlying biogeochemical impacts from the perspective of aquatic photochemistry in future scenarios of plant invasion, seawater intrusion, wetland degradation, and elevated solar UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chunxiao Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanna Xue
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuqi Xia
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinhui Cao
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sifan Qiu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Shanghai 200241, China
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2
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Oladoye PO, Wang K, Aguilar K, Liu G, Cai Y. Particles-involved photochemical processes: A review for the case of mercury reduction in relation to aquatic mercury cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172845. [PMID: 38685427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the toxic metals of global and environmental concern, with aquatic Hg cycling being central in determining the production of highly toxic methylmercury and the air-water Hg exchange influencing the long-range intercontinental atmospheric Hg transport. Both inorganic and organic forms of Hg can be bound by suspended particles, including inorganic minerals (in particular metal oxides/sulfides) and particulate organic matter. Photochemical transformation is a critical process in surface water, and the role of suspended particles in Hg redox photoreactions has increasingly emerged, albeit in limited studies in comparison to extensive studies on aqueous (homogeneous) photoreactions of Hg. The lack of understanding of what roles suspended particles play might result in inaccurate estimation of how Hg species transform and/or cycle in the environment. In view of this gap, this paper critically reviews and synthesizes information on the studies conducted on different natural surface waters with respect to the potential roles of suspended particles on Hg photo-redox reactions. It robustly discusses the various possible pathways and/or mechanisms of particle-mediated Hg (II) reduction, in enhancing or lowering the production of dissolved gaseous mercury. These processes include photo hole-electron pair formation and reactive oxygen species generation from particle excitation and their involvement in Hg photoreduction, in addition to the light attenuation effect of particles. This paper highlights the necessity of future studies exploiting these particles-mediated Hg photoreactions pathways and the implications of including these heterogeneous photoreactions (together with particulate elemental Hg species) on the air-water Hg exchange estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Kate Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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3
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Choi NE, Lee YK, Oh H, Hur J. Photo-induced leaching behaviors and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter from microplastics and terrestrial-sourced particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141826. [PMID: 38552805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have increasingly focused on the occurrence of plastic leachate and its impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Nonetheless, the environmental fate of this leachate in the presence of abundant natural organic matter (NOM)-a typical scenario in environments contaminated with plastics-remains underexplored. This study investigates the photo-induced leaching behaviors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from terrestrial-sourced particles (forest soil and leaf litter) and microplastics (MPs), specifically polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), over a two-week period. We also examined the biodegradability and spectroscopic characteristics of the leached DOM from both sources. Our results reveal that DOM from microplastics (MP-DOM) demonstrates more persistent leaching behavior compared to terrestrial-derived DOM, even with lesser quantities per unit of organic carbon. UV irradiation was found to enhance DOM leaching across all particle types. However, the photo-induced leaching behaviors of fluorescent components varied with the particle type. The MP group exhibited a broader range and higher biodegradability (ranging from 19.7% to 61.6%) compared to the terrestrial-sourced particles (ranging from 3.7% to 16.5%). DOM leached under UV irradiation consistently showed higher biodegradability than that under dark conditions. Furthermore, several fluorescence characteristics of DOM, such as the protein/phenol-like component (%C2), terrestrial humic-like component (%C3), and humification index (HIX)-traditionally used to indicate the biodegradability of natural organic matter-were also effective in assessing MP-DOM (with correlation coefficients R2 = 0.6055 (p = 0.003), R2 = 0.5389 (p = 0.007), and R2 = 0.4640 (p = 0.015), respectively). This study provides new insights into the potential differences in environmental fate between MP-DOM and NOM in aquatic environments heavily contaminated with MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Eun Choi
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Haeseong Oh
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Ji H, Wang H, Wu Z, Wang D, Wang X, Fu P, Li C, Deng W. Source, composition and molecular diversity of dissolved and particulate organic matter varied with riparian land use in tropical coastal headstreams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168577. [PMID: 37972776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Source, composition and molecular diversity determine the reactivity and stabilization of organic matter (OM, dissolved [DOM]/particulate [POM]), affecting its behavior and fate. Here, multiple spectral and mass spectrometry techniques were applied to examine how riparian land-use shaped the source, composition and molecular diversity of POM and DOM (HDOM) in adjacent headstreams. Compared to HDOM with abundant lignins, microbially-transformed heteroatoms and carboxyl-rich alicyclic acids (CRAMs), POM exhibited higher allochthonous characteristics and more bioactive components, but lower molecular weight and diversity in different land-use-dominated streams. Compared to wetland-dominated headstreams, both POM and HDOM exhibited more terrestrial origin and condensed aromatics/tannins molecules for agriculture-impacted headstreams and bio-labile lipids, proteins and carbohydrates for forest-impacted headstreams. Structural equation mode (SEM) showed that soil-derived DOM (SDOM) showed the most prominent influence on the source, composition and molecular diversity of POM and the source of HDOM. The molecular composition and diversity of HDOM were mainly influenced by soil properties/SDOM and aquatic microorganisms, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that autochthonous, bio-labile compositions of POM in forest and wetland streams were positively related to aquatic Bacteroidetes/Cyanobacteria, and carbohydrates/biogenic index of SDOM, while that of HDOM were positively linked with aquatic Bacteroidetes/Cyanobacteria, and SDOM molecular diversity. Terrestrial and aromatic POM in agricultural headstreams were associated with aquatic total nitrogen/Actinobacteria, and humification degree, aromatic/phenolic substances of SDOM, while that of HDOM were mainly regulated by aquatic nitrate/total nitrogen/Actinobacteria, and aromatic/carboxylic-containing moieties of SDOM. Noteworthily, the molecular diversity of agricultural OM increased along the soil-stream continuum due to the input of soil condensed aromatics and tannins. The opposite trend was observed in forest and wetland streams due to the input of bioactive carbohydrates and the microbial-degradation in-stream. These results are helpful to predict the behavior and fate of OM and determine effective management strategies in tropical coastal regions undergoing intense anthropogenic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengkuan Ji
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Peijiao Fu
- Vegetable Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Caisheng Li
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wangang Deng
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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5
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Li H, Feng X, Xiong T, Shao W, Wu W, Zhang Y. Particulate Organic Carbon Released during Macroalgal Growth Has Significant Carbon Sequestration Potential in the Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19723-19731. [PMID: 37963337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Substantial amounts of particulate organic carbon (POC) are released during macroalgal growth; however, the fate of these POCs and their carbon sequestration effects remain unclear. Here, field investigations found that Ulva prolifera caused a significant increase of POC in seawater below the surface during a macroalgal bloom. However, laboratory simulations revealed that 77.6% of these POC was easily degraded by microorganisms in a short period of time, concurrently resulting in the production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from POC transformation. Over a period of 3 months, the bioavailable components of macroalgae-released POC and POC-transformed DOC were degraded, leaving 39.6% of the antibiodegradable substances composed of biorecalcitrant POC and biorecalcitrant DOC. However, although the biorecalcitrant POC was rich in humic-like components resisting biodegradation, the biorecalcitrant POC exhibited greater sensitivity to photodegradation than biorecalcitrant DOC. The photodegradation removal rate of biorecalcitrant POC (14.1%) was more than 10 times that of biorecalcitrant DOC (1.2%). Ultimately, a substantial portion (36.3%) of the POC released by growing macroalgae could potentially perform long-term carbon sequestration after conversion to recalcitrant POC and recalcitrant DOC, and these inert carbons derived from macroalgal POC have been previously ignored and should also be included in macroalgal carbon sequestration accounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiuting Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianqi Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Wei Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Wangchi Wu
- Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
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6
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Fernández-Pascual E, Droz B, O’Dwyer J, O’Driscoll C, Goslan EH, Harrison S, Weatherill J. Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Components as Surrogates for Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Drinking Water: A Critical Review. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:1997-2008. [PMID: 37588806 PMCID: PMC10425960 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation, prediction, and minimization are critical challenges facing the drinking water treatment industry worldwide where chemical disinfection is required to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) is used to characterize and quantify fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) components in aquatic systems and may offer considerable promise as a low-cost optical surrogate for DBP formation in treated drinking waters. However, the global utility of this approach for quantification and prediction of specific DBP classes or species has not been widely explored to date. Hence, this critical review aims to elucidate recurring empirical relationships between common environmental fluorophores (identified by PARAFAC) and DBP concentrations produced during water disinfection. From 45 selected peer-reviewed articles, 218 statistically significant linear relationships (R2 ≥ 0.5) with one or more DBP classes or species were established. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), as key regulated classes, were extensively investigated and exhibited strong, recurrent relationships with ubiquitous humic/fulvic-like FDOM components, highlighting their potential as surrogates for carbonaceous DBP formation. Conversely, observed relationships between nitrogenous DBP classes, such as haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), and N-nitrosamines (NAs), and PARAFAC fluorophores were more ambiguous, but preferential relationships with protein-like components in the case of algal/microbial FDOM sources were noted. This review highlights the challenges of transposing site-specific or FDOM source-specific empirical relationships between PARAFAC component and DBP formation potential to a global model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Pascual
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Boris Droz
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Jean O’Dwyer
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
- iCRAG
Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre in Applied Geosciences, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | | | - Emma H. Goslan
- Cranfield
Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Harrison
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - John Weatherill
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
- iCRAG
Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre in Applied Geosciences, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
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7
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Barnes PW, Robson TM, Zepp RG, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Ossola R, Wang QW, Robinson SA, Foereid B, Klekociuk AR, Martinez-Abaigar J, Hou WC, Mackenzie R, Paul ND. Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1049-1091. [PMID: 36723799 PMCID: PMC9889965 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new and rapidly changing combinations of solar UV radiation and other environmental factors because of ongoing changes in stratospheric ozone and climate. In this Quadrennial Assessment, we examine the interactive effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the context of the Montreal Protocol. We specifically assess effects on terrestrial organisms, agriculture and food supply, biodiversity, ecosystem services and feedbacks to the climate system. Emphasis is placed on the role of extreme climate events in altering the exposure to UV radiation of organisms and ecosystems and the potential effects on biodiversity. We also address the responses of plants to increased temporal variability in solar UV radiation, the interactive effects of UV radiation and other climate change factors (e.g. drought, temperature) on crops, and the role of UV radiation in driving the breakdown of organic matter from dead plant material (i.e. litter) and biocides (pesticides and herbicides). Our assessment indicates that UV radiation and climate interact in various ways to affect the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and that by protecting the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol continues to play a vital role in maintaining healthy, diverse ecosystems on land that sustain life on Earth. Furthermore, the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment are mitigating some of the negative environmental consequences of climate change by limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting the carbon sequestration potential of vegetation and the terrestrial carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, USA.
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Sciences Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK.
| | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - R Ossola
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - S A Robinson
- Global Challenges Program & School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - W-C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - R Mackenzie
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Lee H, Park S, V-Minh Nguyen H, Shin HS. Proposal for a new customization process for a data-based water quality index using a random forest approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121222. [PMID: 36754201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the water quality index (WQI) represents water quality, it is crucial to customize the WQI for a specific purpose. In this study, to better represent water quality data using WQI, a random forest (RF) approach was used to derive the parameter weight and calculate the WQI according to the watershed and its use. Eight parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon) were evaluated using a total of 220,103 data points collected from 900 monitoring sites throughout South Korea between 2011 and 2020. The estimation of parameter weights, key elements in developing the WQI model, was performed through the variable importance estimation method that can be derived from the RF model. The parameter weights were derived based on various spatiotemporal datasets, and it was confirmed that the spatiotemporal differences in weights according to data characteristics represented the regional and seasonal water quality characteristics. Consequently, a customized WQI representing water quality characteristics could be calculated using data-based weights, and it is expected that a data-based customized WQI could be developed to better match the previous WQI to the purpose and target source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansaem Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Seonyoung Park
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Hang V-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea.
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9
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Lee HS, Hur J, Shin HS. Photochemical and microbial transformation of particulate organic matter depending on its source and size. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159506. [PMID: 36257441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Particulate organic matter (POM) in water systems can be converted into dissolved organic matter (DOM) through various pathways depending on its properties and transformation. Thus, information on the behavior of POM is crucial for fully understanding water systems and the carbon cycle. In this study, the effects of particle size and the source of POM, as well as photochemical and microbial changes in DOM characteristics subsequently released from POM were evaluated using various spectral indices, excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis components, and principal component analysis. The amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from POM during suspension was significantly associated with the carbon content of POM (p < 0.05). The amount of DOC (mg-C/g-SS) decreased in mineral-bound POM as a result of microbial degradation but increased in biogenic POM as a result of microbial dissolution, owing to the structural differences in organic matter from different sources. Mineral-bound POM showed more DOC production by photochemical desorption than microbial degradation, whereas biogenic POM displayed the opposite trend. The DOM derived from fine POM had more humified terrestrial humic-like substances than those derived from coarse POM. Principal components 1 and 2 were associated with DOC production and degree of humification, respectively. The increase in the degree of aromaticity and humification of organic matter was higher in mineral-bound POM by photochemical desorption of highly humified organic matter and in the biogenic POM by microbial dissolution. In conclusion, this study was able to provide basic information on the transformation of POM, thus, it is expected to broaden the knowledge of the biogeochemical cycle of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea.
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10
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Hou W, Chen X, Wu J, Zhang C, Yu J, Bai J, Chen T. Sources and spatiotemporal variations of nitrogen and phosphorus in Liaodong Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114191. [PMID: 36330931 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excessive discharge of N and P pollutants results in deterioration of marine environment quality and reduction of sustainability and safety of marine ecology. Spatiotemporal variations characteristics and sources of N and P pollutants were determined based on the long-term monitoring data in Liaodong Bay. Results indicated that an evident spatiotemporal variation was investigated for nutrients. The highest concentrations of NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and PO4-P were in spring (25.32 μg/L), summer (20.67 μg/L) and autumn (222.07 μg/L, 11.08 μg/L), respectively. The hot-spots of pollutants were mainly concentrated in estuarine and aquaculture areas. The hot spot of PO4-P gradually extended to the middle of Liaodong Bay in autumn. In addition, pollution sources in each marine functional zone were different, the main pollution source was aquaculture wastewater, river input, domestic sewage. This study provided reasonable suggestions for effectively reducing N and P pollution in Liaodong Bay, and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinhao Wu
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, 116023 Dalian, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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11
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Gong C, Jiao R, Yan W, Yu Q, Li Q, Zhang P, Li Y, Wang D. Enhanced chemodiversity, distinctive molecular signature and diurnal dynamics of dissolved organic matter in streams of two headwater catchments, Southeastern China. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118052. [PMID: 35065339 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complicated assembly of organic molecules, including thousands of molecules with various structures and properties. However, how the stream DOM sources respond to carbon compositions and the transformation processes remains unclear. In this study, the chemical characteristics and spectral and mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) of DOM were analyzed. Six sampling points of headwater stream (HWSs) were sampled, and an effluent polluted stream (WSR) and a main stream of the Changjiang River (DT) were also sampled for comparison. In situ degradation experiments and FT-ICR MS analysis were also performed to observe the dynamic processes of DOM in HWS. The results showed that the anthropogenic markers of sewage (i.e. sulfur (S) compounds and marker from antibiotics and estrogen) in HWS were higher than those in DT. The molecular weight decreased while the degradation products (S-containing compounds and unsaturated compounds (HU)) increased after in situ degradation due to the influence of both the photodegradation and biodegradation process. In addition, the KMD plots showed that the DOM homologue intensities in range 400-600 Da changed significantly after demethylation by biodegradation. The components of highly refractory substances and the degradation degree of DOM in DT was higher than that in HWS. We extracted the refractory DOM pool in HWS, which was mainly small molecular with molecular weights < 600 Da. These molecular will be difficult to remove in traditional drinking water treatment processes and easily produced disinfection byproducts (DBPs). This study emphasized the necessity of identifying the sources and transformation processes of DOM in HWS and clarified the types and characteristics of DOM that should be considered in future drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Branch, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yiwu city, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China
| | - Weijin Yan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qibiao Yu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingqian Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanqiang Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Branch, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yiwu city, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China.
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12
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Hu B, Wang P, Wang C, Bao T. Photogeochemistry of particulate organic matter in aquatic systems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150467. [PMID: 34592285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical transformation of natural organic matter in aquatic environments strongly impacts the environmental behaviors of carbon, nutrients, and pollutants by affecting their solubility, toxicity, bioavailability, and mobility. However, the role of particulate organic matter (POM) in environmental photogeochemistry has received much less attention than that of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, a systematic overview was conducted to summarize the photodissolution and photoflocculation of POM in aquatic systems. The photodissolution of various POM, such as resuspended sediments and algal detritus, could be a potential and important source of DOM in the overlying waters, and these photoreleased DOM were dominated by humic-like components. The photogeochemistry of POM is thought to proceed via direct photochemical reactions and reactive radical-dominated indirect processes. Photodissolution can modify the bioavailability of organic matter and influence the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, heavy metals, and organic pollutants. In addition, the photo-induced flocculation of DOM to POM could also influence the transport and transformation of organic matter and its associated pollutants. The photochemistry of POM can be significantly influenced by several environmental factors, including irradiation wavelength and intensity, organic matter properties, and radical oxygen species. POM photogeochemistry is one of the most important components of the global cycling of natural organic matter. Further studies regarding photogeochemistry should be conducted to overcome the potential problems arising from the concurrent photodegradation of organic matter and to further develop more filed investigations and analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Tianli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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13
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Han Y, Qu C, Hu X, Wang P, Wan D, Cai P, Rong X, Chen W, Huang Q. Warming and humidification mediated changes of DOM composition in an Alfisol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150198. [PMID: 34537712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents the most mobile and reactive pool of soil organic matter (SOM). Climate changes, such as global warming and altered precipitation exert considerable influences on the quality and quantity of soil DOM. However, rare reports have focused on the interactive effects of soil warming and increased precipitation. In the present study, we conducted a 90-day incubation experiment to investigate how the concentration, source and chemical composition of DOM from an Alfisol respond to the variations of temperatures (15, 30 and 45 °C) and moistures (40%, 60%, and 80% of saturated soil water content). Four DOM components were identified through fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Increased temperature alone aggravated the decomposition of plant-derived aromatic components (C2 and C4) but promoted the accumulation of microbial-derived aliphatic carbon (C1) and tryptophan-like component (C3). Increased fungi/bacteria ratio with warming was responsible for the decomposition of plant-derived components. Warming-induced disassociation of Ca-bearing mineral to colloidal Ca facilitated the accrual of microbial-derived aliphatic DOM. Humidification alone and humidification + warming significantly increased the concentration of DOM and the percentage of plant-derived aromatic carbon (C2, C4), which was attributed to the release of Fe-bearing mineral-OC. Based on the above findings along with the results of two-way ANOVA and Variation partition analysis, we infer that moisture will play a dominant role in regulating the chemical composition of DOM in Alfisols under both warming and humidification which in turn impact global C cycling and the ultimate climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenchen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingmin Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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14
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Nguyen HVM, Lee HS, Lee SY, Hur J, Shin HS. Changes in structural characteristics of humic and fulvic acids under chlorination and their association with trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148142. [PMID: 34380267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chlorination on 16 humic and fulvic acids (HAs and FAs, respectively) extracted from six different soil samples from Korea and two purchased soil samples (Canadian peat moss, Elliott Silt Loam Soil) were investigated to identify the changes in their structural characteristics and their effects on trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential. The effect of chlorination was also investigated in fractionated samples (Aldrich HA, F1-F5) based on molecular weight (MW). Total organic carbon (TOC), specific UV absorbance (SUVA), fulvic-like fluorescence (%FLF), terrestrial humic-like fluorescence (%THLF), weight-average molecular weight (MWw), and carbon structures (13C NMR) were measured for each sample before and after chlorination, and factors relating to the chlorination mechanism were examined using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the changes in the structural characteristics and the disinfection by-product formation of chlorinated HA and FA differed critically. For chlorinated HA, TOC and %FLF decreased due to oxidation, whereas %THLF was reduced via incorporation; MW also affected the structural changes and THMFP generation. In the PCA results, high SUVA, low MW, low N/C, and low O groups of aromatic C were associated with high THMFP production in HA, whereas low O groups of aliphatic C in FA were associated with both oxidation and incorporation in terms of THMFP. These results elucidate the mechanisms associated with the effects of chlorination in HA and FA and will support the prediction of THMFP generation in HA and FA based on their specific structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Vo-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Su-Young Lee
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea.
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15
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Wang X, Tong Y, Chang Q, Lu J, Ma T, Zhou F, Li J. Source identification and characteristics of dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product formation potential using EEM-PARAFAC in the Manas River, China. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28476-28487. [PMID: 35478594 PMCID: PMC9038026 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in natural water and reacts with disinfectants to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). The analysis of DOM in raw water is helpful in evaluating the formation potential of DBPs. However, there is relatively little research on the DOM identification of raw water in northern China. In this study, the sources and characteristics of DOM were investigated in the samples collected from the Manas River. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV254, specific ultraviolet absorbance, and fluorescence indices (fluorescence index, humification index, and biological index) were measured to characterize the DOM, and trihalomethanes (THMs) were quantified following formation potential tests with free chlorine. The maximum amount of total trihalomethane formation potential (THMsFP) was 225.57 μg L−1. The DOM of the Manas River consisted of microorganisms and soil resources. The excitation–emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) identified microbial humus (C1, 54%) and tryptophan-like protein (C2, 46%). PARAFAC components were evaluated as the precursor surrogate parameters of THMsFP. Additionally, the linear THMsFP correlation was stronger with C1 + C2 (r = 0.529, p < 0.01) than with C1 (r = 0.485, p < 0.01). Thus, C1 + C2 is an accurate THMsFP precursor surrogate parameter for the Manas River, and the use of fluorescence spectroscopy may be a robust alternative for predicting DOC removal. Humic-like and protein-like components were identified by PARAFAC. THMs FP was significantly correlated with components C1 and C1 + C2. The source, types and humification degree of DOM affect the formation of DBPs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Yanbin Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Qigang Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Fangdong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
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16
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Lee HS, Hur J, Shin HS. Dynamic exchange between particulate and dissolved matter following sequential resuspension of particles from an urban watershed under photo-irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117395. [PMID: 34030064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has long-term effects on water quality compared to dissolved matter (DM) during downstream transfer after inflows into an aquatic environment. In the present study, the characteristics, behavior, and effects of PM from an urban watershed under photo-irradiation were investigated through sequential resuspensions before being compared. Changes in the organic matter content, heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb), spectroscopic indices (SUVA254, slope ratio (SR), humidification index (HIX), fluorescence index (FI), and biological index (BIX)), excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis components (EEM-PARAFAC), and disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) were analyzed. According to our results, light enhanced the release of organic matter from PM but reduced dissolved heavy metals. The PMU affected by urban-derived pollutants (i.e., rainfall particles, road-deposited sediment, sewer-pipeline-deposited sediment) exhibited higher quantities of terrestrial humic-like organic matter than PMR, which contains base particles from riverines (i.e., soil, sediments). For the PMU, the humic-like fluorescent components (C1 and C2) enhanced under light conditions with every resuspension, whereas the components decreased in the PMR. Consistent with the PARAFAC results, the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of the PMU was enhanced by approximately 2.8 times more than that of the PMR, and exhibited a high correlation with the fluorescent components (C1, r = 0.81, p < 0.001). The principal component analysis results also confirmed that the characteristics of dynamic exchanges between PM and DM were distinguished by PM sources and light, and the photo-released DM and their spectral characteristics displayed opposite behaviors depending on the PM sources during the sequential resuspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea.
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17
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Franklin HM, Doederer K, Neale PA, Hayton JB, Fisher P, Maxwell P, Carroll AR, Burford MA, Leusch FDL. Terrestrial dissolved organic matter source affects disinfection by-product formation during water treatment and subsequent toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117232. [PMID: 34034019 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Restoring woody vegetation to riparian zones helps to protect waterways from excessive sediment and nutrient inputs. However, the associated leaf litter can be a major source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached into surface waters. DOM can lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking water treatment. This study investigated the DBPs formed during chlorination of DOM leached from leaf litter and assessed the potential toxicity of DBPs generated. We compared the leachate of two native Australian riparian trees, Casuarina cunninghamiana and Eucalyptus tereticornis, and a reservoir water source from a catchment dominated by Eucalyptus species. Leachates were diluted to dissolved organic carbon concentrations equivalent to the reservoir (~9 mg L-1). E. tereticornis leachates produced more trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and haloketones after chlorination, while C. cunninghamiana produced more chloral hydrate and haloacetonitriles. Leachate from both species produced less THMs and more HAAs per mole of carbon than reservoir water. This may be because reservoir water had more aromatic, humic characteristics while leaf leachates had relatively more protein-like components. Using in vitro bioassays to test the mixture effects of all chemicals, chlorinated E. tereticornis leachate induced oxidative stress in HepG2 liver cells and bacterial toxicity more frequently and at lower concentrations than C. cunninghamiana and reservoir water. Overall, this study has shown that the DOM leached from litter of these species has the potential to generate DBPs and each species has a unique DBP profile with differing bioassay responses. E. tereticornis may pose a relatively greater risk to drinking water than C. cunninghamiana as it showed greater toxicity in bioassays. This implies tree species should be considered when planning riparian zones to ensure the benefits of vegetation to waterways are not offset by unintended increased DBP production and associated toxicity following chlorination at downstream drinking water intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Franklin
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Katrin Doederer
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua B Hayton
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport, 4222, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Fisher
- Seqwater, 117 Brisbane Street, Ipswich, 4305, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Maxwell
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Healthy Land and Water, Brisbane City, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Alluvium Consulting, Fortitude Valley, 4006, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, Don Nicklin Building, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Anthony R Carroll
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport, 4222, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Hu B, Wang P, Bao T, Qian J, Wang X. Mechanisms of photochemical release of dissolved organic matter and iron from resuspended sediments. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 104:288-295. [PMID: 33985732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions can alter the transformation of sedimentary organic matter into dissolved organic matter (DOM) and affect its ultimate fate in water ecosystems. In the present study, the photorelease of DOM and Fe from resuspended lake sediments was investigated under different O2 and NO3- concentration conditions to study the mechanisms of DOM and Fe photorelease. The amount of photoreleased Fe, which ranged from 0.22 to 0.70 μmol/L, was significantly linearly correlated with the amount of photoreleased DOM. O2 and NO3- could promote the photochemical release of DOM and Fe, especially during the initial 4 h irradiation. In general, the order of the photorelease rates of DOM and Fe under different conditions was as follows: NO3-/aerobic > aerobic ≈ NO3-/anaerobic > anaerobic. The photorelease rates of DOM and Fe were higher for the initial 4 hr irradiation than these for the subsequent 8 hr irradiation. The photorelease of DOM and Fe is thought to proceed via direct photodissolution and indirect processes. The relative contributions of indirect processes (>60%) was much greater than that of direct photodissolution (<40%). The photoproduced H2O2 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions indicated that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are involved in the photorelease of DOM. Using •OH scavengers, it was found that 38.7%, 53.7%, and 77.6% of photoreleased DOM was attributed to •OH under anaerobic, aerobic, and NO3-/aerobic conditions, respectively. Our findings provide insights for understanding the mechanisms and the important role of •OH in the DOM and Fe photorelease from resuspended sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 201198, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 201198, China.
| | - Tianli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 201198, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 201198, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 201198, China
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19
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Zheng Y, He W, Li B, Hur J, Guo H, Li X. Refractory Humic-like Substances: Tracking Environmental Impacts of Anthropogenic Groundwater Recharge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15778-15788. [PMID: 33216533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To unravel the crucial components of natural organic matter that respond to the process of anthropogenic groundwater recharge (AGR) from different recharge water sources, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and base-extractable particulate organic matter (POM) in groundwater and surface water were analyzed using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). The EEM and traditional spectral indices of samples show that the fluorescent intensity, molecular weight, and humification degree of the DOM were relatively higher than those of the POM, and the groundwater in the reclaimed water recharge area (RWRA) was more contaminated than in the south-to-north water recharge area (SNWRA). PARAFAC analysis indicates that the DOM was dominated by an allochthonous humic-like substance (C1), whereas the POM was dominated by tryptophan-like substances associated with microbial activity (C2). Partitioning of PARAFAC components between DOM and POM showed that the humic-like substances (C1 and C4) were more likely to be distributed into a dissolved phase compared to the protein-like substances (C2 and C3), which suggested the potential use of C1 and C4 as a tracking indicator. In particular, the clear gradient distributions along both the hydrogeological profile and different aquifer systems in terms of the concentration and composition of C1 also discriminated between the RWRA and SNWRA with regard to the effects of various AGRs on the groundwater. The association between C1 and water-quality indicators revealed by principal component analysis further indicated that refractory humic-like substances would track the environmental impacts of intentional AGR processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Binghua Li
- Department of Water Resources, Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Huaming Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Hu B, Wang P, Bao T, Shi Y. The photochemical release of dissolved organic matter from resuspended sediments: Insights from fluorescence spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127161. [PMID: 32526465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sediments exposed to sunlight can serve as an important source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients to overlying waters. However, the photochemical release processes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from resuspended sediments and the characteristics of photoreleased DOM are not fully understood. In this study, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence combined with parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) was used to study the photochemical release of DOM qualitatively and quantitatively. The EEMs-PARAFAC demonstrated that the photoreleased DOM is dominated by humic-like substances, and the photorelease process could be consist of the photoproduction and photodegradation of DOM. The concurrent photodegradation may result in the underestimation of photoreleased DOM. Moreover, the significant increases in DOC content and fluorescence intensity of humic-like components along with increasing nitrate and ferric ion indicated that nitrate and ferric ion could facilitate the photoproduction of DOM through the photochemical produced hydroxyl radical. However, the decreases in DOC and fluorescence intensity were also observed at high concentration of nitrate and ferric ion, owing to the photodegradation of DOM by redundant hydroxyl radical. All of these results suggest that EEMs-PARAFAC is an effective and sensitive analytical technique for evaluating DOM photoreleased from suspended lake sediments and previous studies may underestimate photochemical release of DOM from sediments due to the overlook of the subsequently photodegradation of these released DOM. Thus, the photochemical release of DOM and its associated pollutants from suspended particles in shallow and eutrophic lakes should be more significant then should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Tianli Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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21
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Liu L, Tang Y, Yang W, Li W, Fang B, Zhong Y, Yin M, Chen Y, Yang H. Characteristics and disinfection byproducts formation potential of dissolved organic matter released from fast-growing Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126017. [PMID: 32035383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Every year, the harvesting of Eucalyptus generates a large amount of abandoned Eucalyptus leaves (ELs), which may release dissolved organic matter (DOM) when immersed in water. If these substances are carried by surface runoff directly to the source of drinking water, some components in the DOM tend to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs) within the water-supply system, posing risk to human health. In this study, the characteristics of DOM released from leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla were studied and the potential of DBPs formation of the EL-released DOM during the chlorination process was investigated. The results showed that the EL-released DOM was mainly composed of small molecules and hydrophobic substances. Of the total EL-released DOM, the proportion with molecular weight less than 10 kDa accounted for over 80% and the hydrophobic substances took up over 62%. The DOM showed strong absorbance at UV254 and the fluorescence response corresponding to humic acid-like (HA-like) fractions, soluble microbial byproduct-like, aromatic protein and fulvic acid-like (FA-like) material, which have been considered to be related to the potential precursors of chlorinated DBPs. Non-targeted screening demonstrated the presence of phenolics, carbohydrates, and amino acids. The analysis of products generated in chlorination process revealed the formation of trichloromethane (TCM) and the total organic halogen (TOX). The present study fully confirms that the DOM released from Eucalyptus urophylla leaves has great potential for the generation of chlorinated DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yankui Tang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Weiwei Yang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenlu Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bo Fang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhong
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Maozhong Yin
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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A Novel Procedure of Total Organic Carbon Analysis for Water Samples Containing Suspended Solids with Alkaline Extraction and Homogeneity Evaluation by Turbidity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113901. [PMID: 32486395 PMCID: PMC7311996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop and validate a more reliable total organic carbon (TOC) analytical procedure for water samples containing suspended solids (SS). The effects of the combined ultrasonic and alkaline pretreatment (CULA) on the TOC measurement were studied in water samples containing SS from three origins (algae, sewage particles, and soil) under different analytical conditions (SS concentration, oxidation methods, and sieve size). The applicability of turbidity as a homogeneity index was also evaluated. With CULA, TOC recovery remained high (> 80%) for SS concentration ranges up to four times larger than ultrasonic pretreatment alone (UL) due to enhanced particulate organic carbon (POC) solubilization, and did not significantly differ depending on the oxidation methods, at low SS concentrations, or with varying sieve sizes. In particular, the turbidity change rate (i.e., NTU5/NTU0) of the pretreated water sample showed a high correlation with TOC precision (r2 = 0.73, p < 0.01), which suggests that turbidity can be used as an indicator of sample homogeneity. A novel TOC analytical procedure is expected to be useful for more accurate assessments of the impact of particulate pollutants on water quality than current methods, and for the analysis of the carbon cycle, including POCs, in the environment.
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Lee HS, Hur J, Shin HS. Enhancing the total organic carbon measurement efficiency for water samples containing suspended solids using alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatment methods. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 90:20-28. [PMID: 32081316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of sample pretreatments (ultrasonication and alkaline extraction) on total organic carbon (TOC) measurements for water samples containing suspended solids (SS) of four different origins (algae, soil, sewage sludge, and leaf litter) to more clearly assess the impact of particulate organic carbon (POC) in water. The effects each of ultrasonication (power, pulse, etc.) and alkaline extraction condition (concentration, time, etc.) on the TOC recovery and precision were investigated, and the results were compared with those of a new sample pretreatment method combining both methods. Alkaline treatment (0.01 mol/L NaOH) showed higher precision than ultrasonication (100/5 on/off pulse), and notably, the differences among the measured TOC values in samples of different origins were also further reduced in the alkaline treatment. This suggests that the ultrasonic pretreatment results can be mainly attributed to the increase in POC recovery through particle size reduction, whereas the alkaline treatment results are achieved through the enhancement of POC solubilization. It is also particularly noteworthy that a higher TOC recovery of 87.6% ± 7.4% with a higher precision of 8.4% could be obtained using the combined method, compared to each treatment (ultrasonic: TOC recovery 34.7%, relative standard deviation 63.1%; alkaline: 49.6% and 23.0%, respectively). Thus, simultaneous pretreatment with ultrasonication and alkaline extraction is expected to increase the oxidation rate of organic matter and the homogeneity of the samples, minimizing the loss of POC measurement values, and thereby improving the reliability of the TOC measurements of water samples containing SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea.
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Sgroi M, Gagliano E, Vagliasindi FGA, Roccaro P. Absorbance and EEM fluorescence of wastewater: Effects of filters, storage conditions, and chlorination. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125292. [PMID: 31756656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to delineate sample handling procedures for accurate fluorescence and UV absorbance measurements of wastewater organic matter. Investigations were performed using different wastewater qualities, including primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater effluents, and a wastewater-impacted surface water. Filtration by 0.7 μm glass microfiber filter, 0.45 μm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, 0.45 μm cellulose nitrate membrane, and 0.45 μm polyethersulfone (PES) syringe filter released manufacture impurities in water that affected fluorescence measurements. However, pre-washing of filter by Milli-Q water was able to eliminate these interferences. Different storage conditions were tested, including storage of filtered and unfiltered samples under different temperatures (25 °C, 4 °C, -20 °C). According to the obtained results, the best practice of wastewater samples preservation was sample filtration at 0.7/0.45 μm immediately after collection followed by storage at 4 °C. However, the time of storage that assured changes of these spectroscopic measurements that do not exceed the 10% of the original value was dependent on water quality and selected wavelengths (i.e., selected fluorescing organic matter component). As a general rule, it is advisable to perform fluorescence and UV absorbance measurements as soon as possible after collection avoiding storage times of filtered water longer than 2 days. Finally, addition of chlorine doses typical for wastewater disinfection mainly affected tryptophan-like components, where changes that exceed the 10% of the fluorescence intensity measured in the unchlorinated sample were observed even at very low doses (≥1 mg/L). On the contrary, tyrosine-like and humic-like components showed changes <10% at chlorine doses of 0.5-5 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Sgroi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Erica Gagliano
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Federico G A Vagliasindi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Paolo Roccaro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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25
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Wang H, Wang Y, Zhuang WE, Chen W, Shi W, Zhu Z, Yang L. Effects of fish culture on particulate organic matter in a reservoir-type river as revealed by absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124734. [PMID: 31494317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dam construction and fish culture can change the biogeochemical processes in river, yet their impact on the spectral properties of particulate organic matter (POM) remains to be studied. This was investigated in a reservoir-type river (Minjiang river, SE China) using absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC). Five fluorescent components were identified from POM with PARAFAC. Four components C1-C4 were affected by the seasonal variations of rainfall and runoff, indicating the influences of hydrological condition and terrestrial inputs. The Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) correlated significantly with the humic-like C3 (p < 0.05) and the protein-like C4 (p < 0.01), indicating phytoplankton was an important source of C3 and C4. The Chl a and fluorescence intensities of C3-C4 were higher in the fish culture zones than in other areas, and the absorption coefficient a300 and C1-C4 were lower downstream the dam. These results indicated that fish farming in the reservoir probably promoted the production of POM. The a300 and C1 per unit mass of suspended particulate matter (a300/TSM and C1/TSM) correlated significantly with the median particle size (p < 0.01), which might be related to the contribution of micro-phytoplankton. The absorption spectra of POM showed a shoulder peak at ∼280 nm, and its intensity correlated significantly and positively with Chl a (p < 0.01). These results indicated that the peak was probably derived from phytoplankton production. Our results have implications for better understanding the influences of human activities on the dynamics of river POM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yonghao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wan-E Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weixin Shi
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhuoyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liyang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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