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Ye Y, Shi YX, Jiang Q, Jin Y, Chen FX, Tang WH, Peng Q, Liu QN, Tang BP, Wang JL. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in the Silkworm Bombyx mori after Exposure to Lead. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1822. [PMID: 38929441 PMCID: PMC11201215 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a major source of heavy metal contamination, and poses a threat to biodiversity and human health. Elevated levels of Pb can hinder insect growth and development, leading to apoptosis via mechanisms like oxidative damage. The midgut of silkworms is the main organ exposed to heavy metals. As an economically important lepidopteran model insect in China, heavy metal-induced stress on silkworms causes considerable losses in sericulture, thereby causing substantial economic damage. This study aimed to investigate Pb-induced detoxification-related genes in the midgut of silkworms using high-throughput sequencing methods to achieve a deeper comprehension of the genes' reactions to lead exposure. This study identified 11,567 unigenes and 14,978 transcripts. A total of 1265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, comprising 907 upregulated and 358 downregulated genes. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) classification analysis revealed that the 1265 DEGs were distributed across biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. This suggests that the silkworm midgut may affect various organelle functions and biological processes, providing crucial clues for further exploration of DEG function. Additionally, the expression levels of 12 selected detoxification-related DEGs were validated using qRT-PCR, which confirmed the reliability of the RNA-seq results. This study not only provides new insights into the detoxification defense mechanisms of silkworms after Pb exposure, but also establishes a valuable foundation for further investigation into the molecular detoxification mechanisms in silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Yan-Xia Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Fan-Xing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Wen-Hui Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Jia-Lian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetlands, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
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Fan W, Kong Q, Chen Y, Lu F, Wang S, Zhao A. Safe utilization and remediation potential of the mulberry-silkworm system in heavy metal-contaminated lands: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172352. [PMID: 38608900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing hold a prominent position in the agricultural industries of many Asian countries, contributing to economic growth, sustainable development, and cultural heritage preservation. Applying the soil-mulberry-silkworm system (SMSS) to heavy metal (HM)-contaminated areas is significant economically, environmentally, and socially. The ultimate goal of this paper is to review the main research progress of SMSS under HM stress, examining factors affecting its safe utilization and remediation potential for HM-contaminated soils. HM tolerance of mulberry and silkworms relates to their growth stages. Based on the standards for HM contaminants in various mulberry and silkworm products and the bioconcentration factor of HMs at different parts of SMSS, we calculated maximum safe Cd and Pb levels for SMSS application on contaminated lands. Several remediation practices demonstrated mulberry's ability to grow on barren lands, absorb various HMs, while silkworm excreta can adsorb HMs and improve soil fertility. Considering multiple factors influencing HM tolerance and accumulation, we propose a decision model to guide SMSS application in polluted areas. Finally, we discussed the potential of using molecular breeding techniques to screen or develop varieties better suited for HM-contaminated regions. However, actual pollution scenarios are often complex, requiring consideration of multiple factors. More large-scale applications are crucial to enhance the theoretical foundation for applying SMSS in HM pollution risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiuyue Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuane Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shuchang Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Xue J, Liu H, Yin T, Zhou X, Song X, Zou Y, Li L, Jia R, Fu Y, Zhao X, Yin Z. Rat Hepatocytes Protect against Lead-Cadmium-Triggered Apoptosis Based on Autophagy Activation. TOXICS 2024; 12:285. [PMID: 38668508 PMCID: PMC11055059 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Lead and cadmium are foodborne contaminants that threaten human and animal health. It is well known that lead and cadmium produce hepatotoxicity; however, defense mechanisms against the co-toxic effects of lead and cadmium remain unknown. We investigated the mechanism of autophagy (defense mechanism) against the co-induced toxicity of lead and cadmium in rat hepatocytes (BRL-3A cells). Cultured rat liver BRL-3A cell lines were co-cultured with 10, 20, 40 μM lead and 2.5, 5, 10 μM cadmium alone and in co-culture for 12 h and exposed to 5 mM 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), 10 μM rapamycin (Rapa), and 50 nM Beclin1 siRNA to induce cellular autophagy. Our results show that treatment of BRL-3A cells with lead and cadmium significantly decreased the cell viability, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential levels, and induced apoptosis, which are factors leading to liver injury, and cell damage was exacerbated by co-exposure to lead-cadmium. In addition, the results showed that lead and cadmium co-treatment induced autophagy. We further observed that the suppression of autophagy with 3-MA or Beclin1 siRNA promoted lead-cadmium-induced apoptosis, whereas enhancement of autophagy with Rapa suppressed lead-cadmium-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrated that co-treatment with lead and cadmium induces apoptosis in BRL-3A cells. Interestingly, the activation of autophagy provides cells with a self-protective mechanism against induced apoptosis. This study provides insights into the role of autophagy in lead-cadmium-induced apoptosis, which may be beneficial for the treatment of lead-cadmium-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Xue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huimao Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianyi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Li T, Yang W, Gao Q, Wei M, Li H, Ma X, Wen T, Guo J, Jin D. Reducing the mass and decreasing the bioavailability of heavy mental from organic wastes treated by black soldier fly larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115821. [PMID: 38091670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), Hermetia illucens L., are widely used to reduce the mass of various wastes. However, the potential metal tolerance mechanisms during periods of waste bioconversion by BSFL remain largely unknown. To further reveal the mechanisms, BSFL were used to treat the agricultural organic wastes, including pig manure (PM), cow manure (COM), spent mushroom substrate (SMS), and wet distiller grains (WDG). After these individual and combined waste(s) were treated by BSFL, we investigated the waste reduction rates and evaluated the responses of BSFL gut microbes to heavy metals of agricultural organic wastes. Additionally, the colloidal particles of residual wastes were characterized by combing energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Size potential, Zeta potential, and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy. Results indicated that the waste reduction rates were up to 74% in COM+WDG and 69% in WDG, most of heavy metals (e.g., Zn and Co) from organic wastes were not accumulated in the bodies of mature larvae after treatment. Further, results obtained from the prediction of gene function on the basis of 16 S rRNA data revealed that the presence of multi-resistance genes in the gut of BSFL can help the larvae resist Zn and/or Co stress. In addition, the drug sensitivity test implied that BSFL5_L and BSFL6_L from BSFL gut bacterial strains have multi-resistance to Co and Zn. Additionally, EDX results revealed that the colloidal particles in five waste residues after BSFL treatment are mainly consisted of Fe, Ca and Si, which can capture heavy metals (e.g., Cu, Mn). Results from EEM spectroscopy and PARAFAC showed that tryptophan-like and humic-like accumulatively account for 56%- 68% of all components. Importantly, these two components could strongly bind the metal elements and form colloidal particles with high stability, and therefore reduce the heavy metal pollution of agricultural organic wastes. Our findings offered an environment-friendly method to treat agricultural organic wastes, which would be far-reaching influence to our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Wenmei Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Qian Gao
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Mao Wei
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Tingchi Wen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Daochao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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5
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Hu G, Cao H, Ye C, Wang F. Effect of cadmium stress on the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of mulberry (Morus alba L.). Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2297-2305. [PMID: 37594657 PMCID: PMC10484825 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry has a good tolerance to cadmium (Cd) and is considered a candidate plant for phytoremediation. The rhizosphere microbial community plays an important role in phytoremediation. Nevertheless, little information on the rhizosphere microbial community mechanisms in mulberry during the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil is available. In this study, the remediation efficiency of mulberry in pots subjected to three simulated Cd pollution levels and their rhizosphere bacterial communities during the remediation process were analyzed. "Yuesang 11" was used as the test mulberry variety, and three simulated Cd pollution levels were set by adding three concentrations of Cd (Cd5, 5 mg kg-1; Cd3, 3 mg kg-1; Cd2, 2 mg kg-1). The results showed that the elimination rates of Cd in the rhizosphere soil were 81.7%, 85.3%, and 57.9% under the stress of the Cd2, Cd3, and Cd5 conditions, respectively. Meanwhile, 3,082,583 high-quality sequence reads and 976 operational taxonomic units were successfully obtained from the mulberry rhizosphere soil by high-throughput absolute quantification sequencing and further assigned to 11 bacterial phyla and 26 families. Of these, decreased abundances of 19 bacteria at the family level and increased abundances of seven bacteria under Cd stress were revealed by comparative analysis. Based on the alpha diversity indices (Chaol, Shannon and Simpson) and principal component analysis, the rhizosphere bacterial diversity of the Cd5 condition was significantly decreased, but that of the Cd2 and Cd3 conditions was not different from that of soil without Cd (CK). Likewise, redundancy analysis showed that the abundances of Acidobacteria Gp2, Acidobacteria Gp13, and Sphingobacteria were significantly positively associated with the elimination rates of Cd. This study suggested that the mulberry rhizosphere contains a relatively stable bacterial community consisting of diverse Cd-resistant bacteria, providing a scientific basis for remediating heavy-metal polluted soils using mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Hu
- Economic Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330202, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Research Center for Sericultural Engineering and Technology, Nanchang, 330202, China.
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Economic Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330202, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Research Center for Sericultural Engineering and Technology, Nanchang, 330202, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Economic Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330202, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Research Center for Sericultural Engineering and Technology, Nanchang, 330202, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Economic Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330202, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Research Center for Sericultural Engineering and Technology, Nanchang, 330202, China
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Rong W, Chen Y, Lu J, Huang S, Xin L, Guan D, Li X. Effects of Chromium Exposure on the Gene Expression of the Midgut in Silkworms, Bombyx mori. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1616. [PMID: 37628667 PMCID: PMC10454352 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium is a severe heavy metal pollutant with significant environmental risks. The effects of Chromium on the digestion of Bombyx mori (silkworms) are of particular importance due to their ecological and economic significance. Herein, RNA sequencing was conducted on nine midgut samples from silkworms exposed to control, 12 g/kg and 24 g/kg Chromium chemical diets. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that under moderate Chromium exposure, there was a significant increase in up-regulated genes (1268 up-regulated to 857 down-regulated), indicating a stimulation response. At higher stress levels, a weakened survival response was observed, with a decrease in up-regulated genes and an increase in down-regulated genes (374 up-regulated to 399 down-regulated). A notable shift in cellular responses under medium chromium exposure was exposed, signifying the activation of crucial metabolic and transport systems and an elevation in cellular stress and toxicity mechanisms. The observation of up-regulated gene expression within xenobiotic metabolism pathways suggests a heightened defense against Chromium-induced oxidative stress, which was primarily through the involvement of antioxidant enzymes. Conversely, high-dose Chromium exposure down-regulates the folate biosynthesis pathway, indicating biological toxicity. Two novel genes responsive to pressure were identified, which could facilitate future stress adaptation understanding. The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying silkworms' digestion response to Chromium exposure and could inform its biological toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantao Rong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (W.R.)
| | - Yazhen Chen
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Jieyou Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (W.R.)
| | - Shuiwang Huang
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Lei Xin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (W.R.)
| | - Delong Guan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (W.R.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (W.R.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China; (Y.C.)
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Chen Y, Liu G, Ali MR, Zhang M, Zhou G, Sun Q, Li M, Shirin J. Regulation of gut bacteria in silkworm (Bombyx mori) after exposure to endogenous cadmium-polluted mulberry leaves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114853. [PMID: 37023650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution presents a severe pollution burden to flora and fauna due to its non-degradability and transferability. The Cd in the soil is stressing the silkworm (Bombyx mori) out through a soil-mulberry-silkworm system. The gut microbiota of B.mori are reported to shape host health. However, earlier research had not reported the effect of endogenous Cd-polluted mulberry leaves on the gut microbiota of B.mori. In the current research, we compared the phyllosphere bacteria of endogenous Cd-polluted mulberry leaves at different concentrations. The investigation of the gut bacteria of B.mori fed with the mulberry leaves was done to evaluate the impact of endogenous Cd- polluted mulberry leaves on the gut bacteria of the silkworm. The results revealed a dramatic change in the gut bacteria of B.mori whereas, the changes in the phyllosphere bacteria of mulberry leaves in response to an increased Cd concentration were insignificant. It also increased the α-diversity and altered the gut bacterial community structure of B. mori. A significant change in the abundance of dominant phyla of gut bacteria of B.mori was recorded. At the genus level, the abundance of Enterococcus, Brachybacterium and Brevibacterium group related to disease resistance, and the abundance of Sphingomonas, Glutamicibacter and Thermus related to metal detoxification was significantly increased after Cd exposure. Meanwhile, there was a significant decrease in the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria Serratia and Enterobacter. The results demonstrated that endogenous Cd-polluted mulberry leaves caused perturbations in the gut bacterial composition of B.mori, which may driven by Cd content rather than phyllosphere bacteria. A significant variation in the specific bacterial community indicated the adaptation of B. mori gut for its role in heavy metal detoxification and immune function regulation. The results of this study help to understand the bacterial community associated with endogenous Cd-polluted resistance in the gut of B.mori, which proves to be a novel addition in describing its response in activating the detoxification mechanism and promoting its growth and development. This research work will help to explore the other mechanisms and microbiota associated with the adaptations to mitigate the Cd pollution problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Guijia Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Maria Rafraf Ali
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Qingye Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China.
| | - Mingjun Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Jazbia Shirin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
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Jin YB, Qian SH, Xiang ST, Zhang JJ, Zhang MG, Ding XH. Pristane cadmium chloride nanoemulsion accelerates the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Lupus 2023; 32:500-507. [PMID: 36748829 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To accelerate the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus in C57BL/6 mice by injecting cadmium chloride nanoemulsion and shorten the traditional modeling time. METHODS Pristane cadmium chloride nanoemulsion was prepared, and 66 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups. The pristane group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.6 mL of pristane blank nanoemulsion, the model group was injected with 0.6 mL of pristane cadmium chloride nanoemulsion, the Cadmium chloride control group was injected with 0.6 mL of cadmium chloride nanoemulsion, and the control group was injected with the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Urine protein content, anti-dsDNA antibody content, Th1 cell/Th2 cell ratio, and kidney staining were detected in each group. RESULTS The model group began to develop disease in the 4th week, the anti-dsDNA antibody level reached 566.71 ± 1.44 ng/L, and the proteinuria reached 245.38 ± 30.54 ng/mL. The model group showed an onset at least 5 weeks earlier than that in the pristane group. There was no significant difference in anti-dsDNA antibody content between Cadmium chloride control group and blank group. At the 12th week, the Th1/Th2 cell ratio in the model group significantly decreased, and the pathological changes in the kidneys were consistent with the typical manifestations of lupus in mouse models. CONCLUSION These results suggest that cadmium chloride promotes earlier onset of pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus in a C57BL/6 mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bo Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, 70571Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su-Hai Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, 70571Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sha-Te Xiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, 70571Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, 70571Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ge Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, 70571Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Hong Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, 70571Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
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Bombyx mori from a food safety perspective: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Cai S, Wu Y, Liu R, Jia H, Qiu Y, Jiang M, Ma Y, Yang X, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Cai L. Study on the production of high 3HV content PHBV via an open fermentation with waste silkworm excrement as the carbon source by the haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981605. [PMID: 36060764 PMCID: PMC9432822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworm excrement is hard to be degraded or bio-utilized by environmental microorganisms due to its high content of heavy metals and antimicrobial biomacromolecules in mulberry leaves. In traditional Chinese silk industry, the silkworm excrement results in environmental problems. In this study, the silkworm excrement after chlorophyll ethanol-extraction was researched. An open fermentation strategy was developed using the silkworm excrement as the sole or partial carbon source by haloarchaea to accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates. As a haloarchaeon with strong carbon source utilization ability, Haloferax mediterranei was found to accumulate a certain amount of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate; PHBV) using waste silkworm excrement. The results showed that the addition of silkworm excrement into glucose based fermentation medium can significantly improve the production of PHBV. Using a mixture carbon source including the extract of silkworm excrement and glucose (with a 1:1 carbon content ratio), the yield of PHBV was 1.73 ± 0.12 g/l, which showed a 26% increase than that of fermentation without the silkworm excrement addition. When the NaCl content of medium was set to approximately 15%, fermentation without sterilization was performed using silkworm excrement as the carbon source. Moreover, the addition of the silkworm excrement extract could increase the 3-hydroxyvalerate (3 HV) content of PHBV regardless of the sterilization or non-sterilization fermentation conditions. When using silkworm excrement as the sole carbon source, the 3 HV content was as high as 16.37 ± 0.54 mol %. The real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the addition of the silkworm excrement could specifically enhance the expression of genes involved in the aspartate/2-ketobutyric acid pathway related to 3 HV synthesis in H. mediterranei, and further analysis of the amino acid of the silkworm excrement suggested that the high content of threonine in the silkworm excrement might be the reason for the increase of 3 HV content. Taken together, the success of non-sterile fermentation in hypersaline condition using haloarchaea implied a novel way to reuse the silkworm excrement, which not only reduces the production costs of PHBV, but also is conducive to environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaran Wu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runjie Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhe Jia
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiao Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuwen Ma
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxu Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cai
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cai,
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11
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Jiang D, Tan M, Zheng L, Wu H, Li Y, Yan S. Cd exposure-triggered metabolic disruption increases the susceptibility of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) larvae to Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus: A multi-omics study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113280. [PMID: 35124420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological control is an environmentally friendly and effective pest control strategy, but it is often affected by a variety of abiotic factors in the pest control area. Here, the susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae to Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (MbNPV) under Cd treatment at the low and high dosages was investigated, and the mechanism of Cd stress affecting virus susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae was analyzed from a metabolic perspective by combining transcriptome and metabolome of the larval fat body. Our results showed that the mortality of MBNPV infection on gypsy moth larvae pre-exposed to Cd was significantly higher than that of larvae without Cd pre-exposure, and the joint effects of Cd exposure and virus infection on larval mortality were demonstrated to be synergistic. Transcriptome analysis revealed that amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism accounted for most of the differently expressed genes in the low Cd and high Cd treatment groups. Consistent with the transcriptome results, metabolome analysis also showed that most metabolites affected by Cd exposure were involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Function analysis showed that the contents of several amino acids (e.g. tryptophan and tyrosine) with antioxidant properties were significantly increased in Cd-treated gypsy moth larvae. Taken together, Cd exposure as an environmental factor, promotes the susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae to MbNPV, and metabolic disruption, especially amino acids and carbohydrates-related metabolism, is responsible for the increased susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae to virus under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yaning Li
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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12
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Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Unsterilized Hyper-Saline Medium by Halophiles Using Waste Silkworm Excrement as Carbon Source. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237122. [PMID: 34885704 PMCID: PMC8659123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The chlorophyll ethanol-extracted silkworm excrement was hardly biologically reused or fermented by most microorganisms. However, partial extremely environmental halophiles were reported to be able to utilize a variety of inexpensive carbon sources to accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates. In this study, by using the nile red staining and gas chromatography assays, two endogenous haloarchaea strains: Haloarcula hispanica A85 and Natrinema altunense A112 of silkworm excrement were shown to accumulate poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) up to 0.23 g/L and 0.08 g/L, respectively, when using the silkworm excrement as the sole carbon source. The PHA production of two haloarchaea showed no significant decreases in the silkworm excrement medium without being sterilized compared to that of the sterilized medium. Meanwhile, the CFU experiments revealed that there were more than 60% target PHAs producing haloarchaea cells at the time of the highest PHAs production, and the addition of 0.5% glucose into the open fermentation medium can largely increase both the ratio of target haloarchaea cells (to nearly 100%) and the production of PHAs. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the feasibility of using endogenous haloarchaea to utilize waste silkworm excrement, effectively. The introduce of halophiles could provide a potential way for open fermentation to further lower the cost of the production of PHAs.
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13
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Guo Z, Zeng P, Xiao X, Peng C. Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptional responses of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to Cd stress in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117387. [PMID: 34049160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry has been widely studied for its capacity to tolerate heavy metals. However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and transport, and transcriptome profiling of mulberry were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that mulberry possessed strong detoxification and self-protection abilities against Cd stress. The growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of mulberry were only slightly affected when the soil Cd content was less than 37.0 mg/kg, while the Ca and Mg contents in the mulberry roots were clearly (p < 0.05) increased by 37.85%-40.87% and 36.63%-53.06% in 37.0-55.4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and Cd content in plants were positive. Furthermore, the structures of leaf cells, root and stem tissues were largely intact; simultaneously, the increase in osmiophilic particles and the dissolution of starch granules in mulberry leaves significantly responded to Cd stress. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) classification analysis indicated that mulberry can enhance the catalytic activity, regulate the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions, and strengthen its antioxidant enzyme activity and defense mechanism to decrease Cd intoxication. Large numbers of differentially expressed genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were upregulated under Cd stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that plant hormone signal transduction was significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in roots, stems, and leaves of mulberry, and abscisic acid and ethylene can mediate MAPK signaling pathways to increase plant tolerance to Cd stress. The results suggested that the physiological, cellular and tissue, and transcriptional regulation of mulberry can facilitate its stress adaptation in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Peng Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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14
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Jiang Y, Jiang S, Huang R, Wang M, Cao H, Li Z. Phytoremediation potential of forage mulberry ( Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) for cadmium contaminated paddy soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:518-524. [PMID: 34328035 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1957768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry is an important material to utilize the Cd polluted farmland in China and planting forage mulberry is a new development direction. This study aimed to investigate the changes of annual biomass and Cd content in shoot of Guisangyou 62, Guisangyou 12 and Yuesang 11 in field XT-C1, XT-X1 and ZZ-M1 under the pressure of Cd in 3 years. The Cd extraction ability of forage mulberry was analyzed, and the safety of forage mulberry was also discussed. The results showed that the annual biomass of each forage mulberry shoot could reach 64.52 ∼ 86.61 t/hectare (ha). The total harvest biomass of Guisangyou 12 was the highest, followed by Guisangyou 62 and Yuesang 11. In the same test area, for different forage mulberry varieties, there were no significant differences in Cd content in the shoot at each sampling time, and the Cd concentrations in shoot were in the range of 0.05 ∼ 0.66 mg/kg, meeting the hygienical standard for feeds (GB 13078-2017, China). Without considering the test area, the average Cd removal amount of each forage mulberry in a year was about 18.52 g/ha. Planting forage mulberry may become a new ecological economic model to achieve the safe utilization of Cd polluted farmland.Novelty statement Mulberry is one of the most important plants for safe utilization the Cd polluted farmland in China and planting mulberry as animal feed is a new development direction. This study investigated the effects of Cd on the shoot biomass of 3 forage mulberry varieties at 3 experimental areas in 3 years. It also examined how much Cd could be removed from soil by harvesting forage mulberry for 4 times a year. The Cd content in the shoot of forage mulberry and its safety were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Jiang
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shimeng Jiang
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Renzhi Huang
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Wang
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Cao
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangbao Li
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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15
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Liu Y, Yang C, Sun L, Wang A, Lan X, Xu W, Liang Y, Ma S, Xia Q. In-depth transcriptome unveils the cadmium toxicology and a novel metallothionein in silkworm. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128522. [PMID: 33066968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has gradually become a major global issue. It is so far reaching in part because heavy metals are absorbed by soil and affect almost all species via ecological cycles. Silkworms (Bombyx mori) are poisoned by heavy metals through a soil-mulberry-silkworm system, which inhibits larval growth and development and leads to a decrease in silk production. In the present study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of larval midgut with cadmium exposure to explore the toxicological mechanism of heavy metal, and found that the following potential pathways may be involved in cadmium infiltration: endocytosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and MAPK signaling. Moreover, we identified a novel metallothionein in silkworm, which is inhibited by cadmium exposure and able to improve heavy metal tolerance in B. mori cell lines and Escherichia coli. We also generated a transgenic silkworm strain overexpressing metallothionein and the result showed that metallothionein observably enhanced larval viability under cadmium exposure. This study used RNA sequencing to reveal a mechanism for cadmium toxicology, and identified and functionally verified BmMT, offering a new potential heavy metal-tolerant silkworm variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Chengfei Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Le Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Aoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xinhui Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Sanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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16
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Jiang D, Tan M, Guo Q, Yan S. Transfer of heavy metal along food chain: a mini-review on insect susceptibility to entomopathogenic microorganisms under heavy metal stress. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1115-1120. [PMID: 32965074 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development and physiological status of pest insects are important factors that affect the effectiveness of biological control. Current knowledge reveals that heavy metals can be transferred to phytophagous insects through food chains and cause various chronic toxicological effects on the growth and physiology of phytophagous insects. These findings potentially attribute heavy metal contamination to an environmental factor governing biocontrol efficiency against pest insects, pointing to an urgent demand to better understand the effects of heavy metal exposure on insect susceptibility to entomopathogenic microorganisms. Here we discuss the transfer characteristics of heavy metals along the food chains to phytophagous insects and conclude that heavy metal exposure may promote insect susceptibility to entomopathogenic microorganisms in the heavy metal-contaminated regions. Furthermore, we propose a 'combined effect' hypothesis that combination of entomopathogenic agent and heavy metal stress can cause a much higher overall insect mortality than does the entomopathogenic agent or the heavy metal stress alone. This is a new and relatively unexplored area in the microbial-based biocontrol research, which might have great potential for future optimization of biocontrol strategies against economically and ecologically important agricultural or forest pests in the heavy metal polluted areas. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingxi Guo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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17
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Jiang Y, Jiang S, Huang R, Wang M, Cao H, Li Z. Accumulation of Cd by three forage mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) cultivars in heavy metal-polluted farmland: a field experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3354-3360. [PMID: 32918261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 3-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the accumulation ability of 3 forage mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) varieties (Guisangyou 62, Guisangyou 12, Yuesang 11) for Cadmium (Cd). The results showed that the shoot biomass of forage mulberry could reach to 64.51~69.58 t/ha in 2018. The total production of Guisangyou 12 was the highest among the tested 3 cultivars in each year. However, the biomass of the 3 varieties displayed without significant differences at every sampling time. In addition, the concentrations of Cd in the roots of the 3 mulberry cultivars were higher than those in the corresponding shoots in 2018. But in 2019, the Cd content in roots was near to that of shoots. The Cd concentrations in the roots of the forage mulberry showed Guisangyou 62 > Yuesang 11 > Guisangyou 12. And the Cd concentrations in shoots of all the 3 tested forage mulberry varieties were less than 1 mg/kg, meeting the hygienical standard for feeds (China). Though the 3 forage mulberry varieties were not hyperaccumulators for Cd, they could be used as alternative plants to make use of the Cd-polluted (< 1.0 mg/kg) paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Jiang
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shimeng Jiang
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410127, People's Republic of China
| | - Renzhi Huang
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410127, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cao
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangbao Li
- The Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410127, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Dai F, Luo G, Li Z, Wei X, Wang Z, Lin S, Tang C. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) response to cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111298. [PMID: 32950806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) is an economically important woody tree and has great potential for the remediation of heavy metals. To investigate how cadmium accumulates and its detoxification in mulberry, we assessed the physiological and transcriptomic effects of cadmium contamination and as well as its chemical forms and subcellular distribution. Cadmium significantly inhibited mulberry plant growth and primarily accumulated in mulberry roots. Antioxidant enzymes were induced by cadmium in all tissues of mulberry. Subcellular fractionation analyses of cadmium indicated that the majority was compartmentalized in soluble fraction in roots while it mainly located in cell wall in leaves and stems. The greatest amount of the cadmium was integrated with proteins and pectates in all mulberry tissues. RNA-seq transcriptomic analyses of mulberry roots revealed that various metabolic pathways involved in cadmium stress response such as RNA regulation, hormone metabolism, and response to stress, secondary metabolism, as well as signaling, protein metabolism, transport, and cell-wall metabolism. These results will increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cadmium detoxification in mulberry and provide new insights into engineering woody plants for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Dai
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wei
- University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Dai F, Luo G, Li Z, Wei X, Wang Z, Lin S, Tang C. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) response to cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020. [PMID: 32950806 DOI: 10.artn11129810.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) is an economically important woody tree and has great potential for the remediation of heavy metals. To investigate how cadmium accumulates and its detoxification in mulberry, we assessed the physiological and transcriptomic effects of cadmium contamination and as well as its chemical forms and subcellular distribution. Cadmium significantly inhibited mulberry plant growth and primarily accumulated in mulberry roots. Antioxidant enzymes were induced by cadmium in all tissues of mulberry. Subcellular fractionation analyses of cadmium indicated that the majority was compartmentalized in soluble fraction in roots while it mainly located in cell wall in leaves and stems. The greatest amount of the cadmium was integrated with proteins and pectates in all mulberry tissues. RNA-seq transcriptomic analyses of mulberry roots revealed that various metabolic pathways involved in cadmium stress response such as RNA regulation, hormone metabolism, and response to stress, secondary metabolism, as well as signaling, protein metabolism, transport, and cell-wall metabolism. These results will increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cadmium detoxification in mulberry and provide new insights into engineering woody plants for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Dai
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wei
- University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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