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Shang T, Kong L, Qi J. Metal elements in atmospheric aerosols during different pollution events in the coastal region of the Yellow Sea: Concentration, solubility and deposition flux. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116711. [PMID: 39018821 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol (including total suspended particulate (TSP) samples and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples) and precipitation samples were collected in Qingdao from May 2020 to June 2021. The concentrations of metal elements on fog days were 0.28-0.56 times that on clean days; those on haze-fog (HF), haze and dust days were 0.76-2.7, 1.2-3.6 and 1.7-5.7 times those on clean days, respectively. Compared with that on clean days, the solubility of metals on fog, HF and haze days increased by 4 %-193 %, but that on dust days decreased by 1 %-62 %. The dry deposition fluxes of dissolved Al, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were the highest on HF or haze days, which were 2.2-15 times clean days. The dry deposition fluxes of metals accounted for 56 %-89 % of the total deposition fluxes (including dry and wet deposition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Sahyoun AM, Wong Min M, Xu K, George S, Karboune S. Characterization of levans produced by levansucrases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Gluconobacter oxydans: Structural, techno-functional, and anti-inflammatory properties. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121332. [PMID: 37940238 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Levans of different structures and molecular weights (MW) can display various techno-functional and health-promoting properties. In the present study, selected levans were produced by the transfructosylation of sucrose catalyzed by levansucrases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Gluconobacter oxydans, and their structural, techno-functional and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated. NMR and methylation/GC analysis confirmed the structure of β-(2, 6) levans. The structural characterization led to the classification of levans as high MW (HMW, ≥100 kDa), low MW (LMW, ≤20 kDa) and mix L/HMW ones. Levan with higher MW had more linear fructosyl units with fewer reducing ends and branching residues. LMW levan showed the highest foaming capacity and stability while HMW levan had the highest emulsion stability. HMW and mix L/HMW levans showed comparable water and oil-holding capacities, which were higher than LMW. HMW and mix L/HMW levans were found to have gelling properties at low concentrations. The rheological behaviour of HMW levan-based gel was a more viscous-like gel, while that of mix L/HMW levan-based one showed more elastic solid like-gel. The temperature also influenced the rheology of levan, showing that the mix L/HMW levan gel network was the most thermal stable as its viscoelasticity remained constant at the highest temperature (75 °C). Studies on the biological activity of levans of HMW and LMW revealed in-vitro anti-inflammatory properties as they significantly reduced the production of LPS-triggered pro-inflammatory cytokines in differentiated Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Sahyoun
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Muriel Wong Min
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Saji George
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada.
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Ziou M, Gao CX, Wheeler AJ, Zosky GR, Stephens N, Knibbs LD, Melody SM, Venn AJ, Dalton MF, Dharmage SC, Johnston FH. Contrasting Health Outcomes following a Severe Smoke Episode and Ambient Air Pollution in Early Life: Findings from an Australian Data Linkage Cohort Study of Hospital Utilization. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:117005. [PMID: 37962441 PMCID: PMC10644899 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodic spikes in air pollution due to landscape fires are increasing, and their potential for longer term health impacts is uncertain. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to evaluate associations between exposure in utero and in infancy to severe pollution from a mine fire, background ambient air pollution, and subsequent hospital care. METHODS We linked health records of births, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations of children born in the Latrobe Valley, Australia, 2012-2015, which included a severe pollution episode from a mine fire (9 February 2014 to 25 March 2014). We assigned modeled exposure estimates for fire-related and ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ) to residential address. We used logistic regression to estimate associations with hospital visits for any cause and groupings of infectious, allergic, and respiratory conditions. Outcomes were assessed for the first year of life in the in utero cohort and the year following the fire in the infant cohort. We estimated exposure-response for both fire-related and ambient PM 2.5 and also employed inverse probability weighting using the propensity score to compare exposed and not/minimally exposed children. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to fire-related PM 2.5 was associated with ED presentations for allergies/skin rash [odds ratio ( OR ) = 1.34 , 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.76 per 240 μ g / m 3 increase]. Exposure in utero to ambient PM 2.5 was associated with overall presentations (OR = 1.18 , 95% CI: 1.05, 1.33 per 1.4 μ g / m 3 ) and visits for infections (ED: OR = 1.13 , 95% CI: 0.98, 1.29; hospitalizations: OR = 1.23 , 95% CI: 1.00, 1.52). Exposure in infancy to fire-related PM 2.5 compared to no/minimal exposure, was associated with ED presentations for respiratory (OR = 1.37 , 95% CI: 1.05, 1.80) and infectious conditions (any: OR = 1.21 , 95% CI: 0.98, 1.49; respiratory-related: OR = 1.39 , 95% CI: 1.05, 1.83). Early life exposure to ambient PM 2.5 was associated with overall ED visits (OR = 1.17 , 95% CI: 1.05, 1.30 per 1.4 μ g / m 3 increase). DISCUSSION Higher episodic and lower ambient concentrations of PM 2.5 in early life were associated with visits for allergic, respiratory, and infectious conditions. Our findings also indicated differences in associations at the two developmental stages. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Ziou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Caroline X. Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Wheeler
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R. Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nicola Stephens
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Luke D. Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Public Health Research Analytics and Methods for Evidence, Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shannon M. Melody
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alison J. Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Marita F. Dalton
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fay H. Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Nazir R, Shah MH. Evaluation of air quality and health risks associated with trace elements in respirable particulates (PM 2.5) from Islamabad, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1182. [PMID: 37691036 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine atmospheric particulates are associated with numerous environmental and health issues as they can penetrate deeply in the respiratory tract thereby adversely affecting the human health. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of trace elements in the respirable (PM2.5) fraction of the atmospheric particulates and to understand their pollution status and health risks. The samples were collected from Islamabad, and the metals were extracted using HNO3 and HCl based extraction method. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to quantify the concentrations of selected trace elements. PM2.5 exhibited considerable variations in their minimum (4.737 µg/m3) and maximum (108.1 µg/m3) levels. The significant contributors among the selected elements bound to PM2.5 were Ca (1016 ng/m3), K (759.8 ng/m3), Mg (483.0 ng/m3), Fe (469.7 ng/m3), and Zn (341.1 ng/m3), while Ag (0.578 ng/m3) was found at the lowest levels with an overall descending order: Ca > K > Mg > Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd > Mn > Sr > Cr > Co > Li > Ag. Multivariate PCA and CA identified industrial activities, combustion processes and automobile emissions as the main anthropogenic contributors to particulate pollution. Enrichment factors and geoaccumulation indices were computed to assess the pollution status. The results also revealed that among the trace elements, Cd showed extremely high contamination, followed by Ag, Zn, and Pb, which showed moderate to high contamination in the atmospheric particulates. Carcinogenic health risks from Pb and Ni were found to be within the safe limit (1.0 × 10-6); however, Cr, Co, and Cd exposure was linked to significant cancer risks. The present elemental levels in PM2.5 were also compared with the reported levels from other regions around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Teixeira J, Sousa G, Morais S, Delerue-Matos C, Oliveira M. Assessment of coarse, fine, and ultrafine particulate matter at different microenvironments of fire stations. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139005. [PMID: 37245598 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of respirable particulate matter (PM) and the impact on indoor air quality in occupational settings remains poorly characterized. This study assesses, for the first time, the cumulative and non-cumulative concentrations of 14 fractions of coarse (3.65-9.88 μm), fine (0.156-2.47 μm), and ultrafine (0.015-0.095 μm) PM inside the garage of heavy vehicles, firefighting personal protective equipment' storage room, bar, and a common area of seven Portuguese fire stations. Sampling campaigns were performed during a regular work week at the fire stations. Levels of daily total cumulative PM ranged from 277.4 to 413.2 μg/m3 (maximum values of 811.4 μg/m3), with the bar (370.1 μg/m3) and the PPE' storage room (361.3 μg/m3) presenting slightly increased levels (p > 0.05) than the common area (324.8 μg/m3) and the garage (339.4 μg/m3). The location of the sampling site, the proximity to local industries and commercial activities, the layout of the building, the heating system used, and indoor sources influenced the PM concentrations. Fine (193.8-301.0 μg/m3) and ultrafine (41.3-78.2 μg/m3) particles were predominant in the microenvironments of all fire stations and accounted for 71.5% and 17.8% of daily total cumulative levels, respectively; coarse particles (23.3-47.1 μg/m3) represented 10.7% of total PM. The permissible exposure limit (5.0 mg/m3) defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Organization for respirable dust was not overcome in the evaluated fire stations. Results suggest firefighters' regular exposure to fine and ultrafine PM inside fire stations which will contribute to cardiorespiratory health burden. Further studies are needed to characterize firefighters' exposure to fine and ultrafine PM inside fire stations, identify main emission sources, and evaluate the contribution of exposures at fire stations to firefighters' occupational health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
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Borlaza LJS, Uzu G, Ouidir M, Lyon-Caen S, Marsal A, Weber S, Siroux V, Lepeule J, Boudier A, Jaffrezo JL, Slama R. Personal exposure to PM 2.5 oxidative potential and its association to birth outcomes. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:416-426. [PMID: 36369373 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) assessed through its mass concentration has been associated with foetal growth restriction in studies based on outdoor levels. Oxidative potential of PM2.5 (OP) is an emerging metric a priori relevant to mechanisms of action of PM on health, with very limited evidence to indicate its role on birth outcomes. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of OP with birth outcomes and compared it with that of PM2.5 mass concentration. METHODS 405 pregnant women from SEPAGES cohort (Grenoble area) carried PM2.5 personal dosimeters for one or two one-week periods. OP was measured using dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) assays from the collected filters. Associations of each exposure metric with offspring weight, height, and head circumference at birth were estimated adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The correlation between PM2.5 mass concentration and [Formula: see text] was 0.7. An interquartile range increase in .. was associated with reduced weight (adjusted change, -64 g, -166 to -11, p = 0.02) and height (-4 mm, -6 to -1, p = 0.01) at birth. PM2.5 mass concentration showed similar associations with weight (-53 g, -99 to -8, p = 0.02) and height (-2 mm, -5 to 0, p = 0.05). In birth height models mutually adjusted for the two exposure metrics, the association with [Formula: see text] was less attenuated than that with mass concentration, while for weight both effect sizes attenuated similarly. There was no clear evidence of associations with head circumference for any metric, nor for [Formula: see text] with any growth parameter. IMPACT PM2.5 pregnancy exposure assessed from personal dosimeters was associated with altered foetal growth. Personal OP exposure was associated with foetal growth restrictions, specifically decreased weight and height at birth, possibly to a larger extent than PM2.5 mass concentration alone. These results support OP assessed from DTT as being a health-relevant metric. Larger scale cohort studies are recommended to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Marion Ouidir
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Anouk Marsal
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuël Weber
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Boudier
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
- Pediatrics, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.
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Yuan J, Chang W, Yao Z, Wen L, Liu J, Pan R, Yi W, Song J, Yan S, Li X, Liu L, Wei N, Song R, Jin X, Wu Y, Li Y, Liang Y, Sun X, Mei L, Cheng J, Su H. The impact of hazes on schizophrenia admissions and the synergistic effect with the combined atmospheric oxidation capacity in Hefei, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115203. [PMID: 36592807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, most epidemiological studies on haze focus on respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc. However, the relationship between haze and mental health has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hazes on schizophrenia admissions and to further explore the potential interaction effect with the combined atmospheric oxidative indices (Ox and Oxwt). METHODS We collected 5328 cases during the cold season from 2013 to 2015 in Hefei, China. By integrating the Poisson Generalized Linear Models with the Distributed Lag Non-linear Models, the association between haze and schizophrenia admissions was evaluated. The interaction between hazes and two combined oxidation indexes was tested by stratifying hazes and Ox, and Oxwt. RESULTS Haze was found to be significantly linked to an increased risk of hospitalization for schizophrenia, and a 9-day lag effect on schizophrenia (lag 3-lag 11), with the largest effect on lag 6 (RR = 1.080, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.046-1.116). Males, females, and <40 y (people under 40 years old) were sensitive to hazes. Furthermore, in the stratified analysis, we found synergies between two combined oxidation indexes and hazes. The interaction relative risk (IRR) and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) between Ox and hazes were 1.170 (95% CI: 1.071-1.277) and 0.149 (95% CI: 0.045-0.253), respectively. For Oxwt, the IRR and RERI were 1.179 (95% CI: 1.087-1.281) and 0.159 (95% CI: 0.056-0.263), respectively. It is noteworthy that this synergistic effect was significant in males and <40 y when examining the various subgroups in the interaction analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to haze significantly increases the risk of hospitalization for schizophrenia. More significant public health benefits can be obtained by prioritizing haze periods with high combined atmospheric oxidation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Weiwei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenhai Yao
- Anhui Public Meteorological Service Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liying Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Rong Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yunfeng Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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8
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Ray I, Das R, Chua SL, Wang X. Seasonal variation of atmospheric Pb sources in Singapore - Elemental and lead isotopic compositions of PM 10 as source tracer. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136029. [PMID: 36028124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Southeast Asia has become a hotspot of anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions due to increased coal combustion, high-temperature industrial operations, vehicular traffic, and agricultural biomass burning. Lead (Pb), a criteria pollutant, bound to such PM can be hazardous when inhaled, even at extremely low concentrations. Precise and accurate source apportionment of atmospheric Pb is thus, critical in order to minimize its exposure. This study investigates the sources of atmospheric Pb in Singapore aerosol samples (PM10) using Pb isotopes and elemental composition as tracers of contamination sources. PM10 aerosol sampling was conducted over a period of 1 year from June 2017 to May 2018 to capture the seasonal variations in sources of atmospheric Pb. Elemental concentrations reveal particularly high enrichment factors for Pb, Cu, V, Ni and Zn, especially when under the influence of southwest (SW) and inter monsoon (IM) winds. Pb isotopic ratios across the three seasons (206/207Pb = 1.147-1.150 and 208/207Pb = 2.420-2.428) are not significantly different. The Pb isotopic signatures and V/Ni ratios for all three seasons overlap with those of gasoline, diesel and ship emissions. Moreover, V/Pb values of more than unity for SW and IM winds suggest influence of transboundary coal combustion emissions particularly from Indonesia. Consequently, using Pb isotopic fingerprints and elemental ratios, we find that the primary sources of atmospheric Pb are vehicular & ship emissions, heavy oil combustion, transboundary coal combustion emissions, waste incineration and recirculation of historic leaded gasoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iravati Ray
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Reshmi Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Zhou A, Ma W, Ruan R, Yu S, Tan H, Deng S, Liang K, Liu K, Han D, Wang X. Submicron particle formation from co-firing of coal and municipal sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114863. [PMID: 35276565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing production of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) in China every year, the co-firing of MSS and pulverized coal is getting more and more widely applied in large coal-fired power plants. The co-firing of MSS and pulverized coal will produce a large amount of particulate matter (PM) emissions, especially submicron particles. In this paper, the formation characteristics of submicron particles in the co-firing process of coal and MSS were studied in a drop tube furnace. The influence of the furnace temperature and the addition ratio of sludge on the particle size distribution and element composition of submicron particles in MSS, pulverized coal combustion and co-firing was mainly studied. The experimental results show that the furnace temperature has an influence on the formation of PM0.4. For sludge combustion, increasing the furnace temperature will promote the formation of PM0.4. The main reason is that increasing the furnace temperature promotes the gasification of Si, S, Fe, and P to form the precursor of PM0.4 or PM0.4. At same furnace temperature, the volume concentration and mass concentration of PM0.4 produced from pulverized coal combustion are less than that of sludge. Different from sludge combustion, co-firing of pulverized coal and sludge has a synergistic effect on eliminating PM0.4 formation. Increasing the addition ratio of sludge can decrease the volume concentration and mass concentration of PM0.4. This is because that aluminosilicates formed during co-firing promotes the scavenge Si, Ca, Fe, thereby reducing the precursors of PM0.4 and the mass yield of PM0.4. Increasing the furnace temperature in co-firing can inhibit the formation of PM0.4. When the furnace temperature is between 1100 °C and 1300 °C, increasing the furnace temperature will reduce the Fe content and increase the content of Si, Ca, Na, K, and P in PM0.4. However, the reduction of Fe and the increase of Si, Ca, Na, K, and P in PM0.4 offset each other, resulting in an insensitive relationship between the mass yield of PM0.4 and the furnace temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Renhui Ruan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Shilin Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Houzhang Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuanghui Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kun Liang
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., ChengLong Avenue #56, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Kai Liu
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., ChengLong Avenue #56, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Donglin Han
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., ChengLong Avenue #56, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610066, China.
| | - Xuebin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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10
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Ravindra K, Singh T, Vardhan S, Shrivastava A, Singh S, Kumar P, Mor S. COVID-19 pandemic: What can we learn for better air quality and human health? J Infect Public Health 2021; 15:187-198. [PMID: 34979337 PMCID: PMC8642828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown resulted in improved air quality in many cities across the world. With the objective of what could be the new learning from the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns for better air quality and human health, a critical synthesis of the available evidence concerning air pollution reduction, the population at risk and natural versus anthropogenic emissions was conducted. Can the new societal norms adopted during pandemics, such as the use of face cover, awareness regarding respiratory hand hygiene, and physical distancing, help in reducing disease burden in the future? The use of masks will be more socially acceptable during the high air pollution episodes in lower and middle-income countries, which could help to reduce air pollution exposure. Although post-pandemic, some air pollution reduction strategies may be affected, such as car-pooling and the use of mass transit systems for commuting to avoid exposure to airborne infections like coronavirus. However, promoting non-motorized modes of transportation such as cycling and walking within cities as currently being enabled in Europe and other countries could overshadow such losses. This demand focus on increasing walkability in a town for all ages and populations, including for a differently-abled community. The study highlighted that for better health and sustainability there. is also a need to promote other measures such as work-from-home, technological infrastructure, the extension of smart cities, and the use of information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaiwal Ravindra
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Tanbir Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shikha Vardhan
- Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health, Climate Change & Health, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Aakash Shrivastava
- Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health, Climate Change & Health, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sujeet Singh
- Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health, Climate Change & Health, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Suman Mor
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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11
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Xu K, Basu N, George S. Dietary nanoparticles compromise epithelial integrity and enhance translocation and antigenicity of milk proteins: An in vitro investigation. NANOIMPACT 2021; 24:100369. [PMID: 35559811 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used in the food sector, yet little is known about the potential health risks associated with oral exposure to dietary NPs. In this study, the most widely used NPs in food industry including food grade silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag), along with their non-food grade and bulk counterparts, are characterized for physicochemical properties and molecular, cellular, and intracellular effects on human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 and HIEC-6). Silver NPs are the most cytotoxic and induce significant cellular changes in oxidative stress, Ca2+ flux and mitochondria function, leading to cellular junction disruption at the lowest exposure concentration. At higher testing concentrations, NPs but not microparticles of SiO2 and TiO2 cause sublethal cellular responses and remodel tight junctions without impairing epithelial integrity. To relate the cellular results to key events in GI disorder progression, NPs are exposed to an in vitro co-culture model for cow's milk allergy comprised of Caco-2 and allergy sera-primed mast cells (LUVA). All particle treatments increase the allergen delivery across intestinal epithelium and subsequent allergy responses. Overall, the study has identified a particle-dependent alteration in intestinal epithelium and highlighted potential safety concerns of dietary NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Dr, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Natural Resource Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Dr, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X, Canada
| | - Saji George
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Dr, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X, Canada.
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12
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Lai A, Baumgartner J, Schauer JJ, Rudich Y, Pardo M. Cytotoxicity and chemical composition of women's personal PM 2.5 exposures from rural China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2021; 1:359-371. [PMID: 34604754 PMCID: PMC8459644 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Personal exposure PM samples aid in determining the sources and chemical composition of real-world exposures, particularly in settings with household air pollution. However, their use in toxicological research is limited, despite uncertainty regarding health effects in these settings and evidence of differential toxicity among PM2.5 sources and components. This study used women's PM2.5 exposure samples collected using personal exposure monitoring in rural villages in three Chinese provinces (Beijing, Shanxi, and Sichuan) during summer and winter. Water-soluble organic carbon, ions, elements, and organic tracers (e.g. levoglucosan and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) were quantified in water and organic PM2.5 extracts. Human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to the extracts. Cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gene expression were measured. Biomass burning contributions were higher in Sichuan samples than in Beijing or Shanxi. Some PM characteristics (total PAHs and coal combustion source contributions) and biological effects of organic extract exposures (cell death, ROS, and cytokine gene expression) shared a common trend of higher levels and effects in winter than in summer for Shanxi and Beijing but no seasonal differences in Sichuan. Modulation of phase I/AhR-related genes (cyp1a1 and cyp1b1) and phase II/oxidative stress-related genes (HO-1, SOD1/2, NQO-1, and catalase) was either low or insignificant, without clear trends between samples. No significant cell death or ROS production was observed for water extract treatments among all sites and seasons, even at possible higher concentrations tested. These results support organic components, particularly PAHs, as essential drivers of biological effects, which is consistent with some other evidence from ambient PM2.5. Direct measurement with personal samplers captures the chemical complexity of PM2.5 exposures better than fixed monitors. To investigate biological effects, lung cells were exposed to extracts of exposure PM2.5 samples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lai
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Jill Baumgartner
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry & Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
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13
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Lim S, Barratt B, Holliday L, Griffiths CJ, Mudway IS. Characterising professional drivers' exposure to traffic-related air pollution: Evidence for reduction strategies from in-vehicle personal exposure monitoring. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106532. [PMID: 33812042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Professional drivers working in congested urban areas are required to work near harmful traffic related pollutants for extended periods, representing a significant, but understudied occupational risk. This study collected personal black carbon (BC) exposures for 141 drivers across seven sectors in London. The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude and the primary determinants of their exposure, leading to the formulation of targeted exposure reduction strategies for the occupation. Each participant's personal BC exposures were continuously measured using real-time monitors for 96 h, incorporating four shifts per participant. 'At work' BC exposures (3.1 ± 3.5 µg/m3) were 2.6 times higher compared to when 'not at work' (1.2 ± 0.7 µg/m3). Workers spent 19% of their time 'at work driving', however this activity contributed 36% of total BC exposure, highlighting the disproportionate effect driving had on their daily exposure. Taxi drivers experienced the highest BC exposures due to the time they spent working in congested central London, while emergency services had the lowest. Spikes in exposure were observed while driving and were at times greater than 100 µg/m3. The most significant determinants of drivers' exposures were driving in tunnels, congestion, location, day of week and time of shift. Driving with closed windows significantly reduced exposures and is a simple behaviour change drivers could implement. Our results highlight strategies by which employers and local policy makers can reduce professional drivers' exposure to traffic-related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Lim
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK.
| | - Benjamin Barratt
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK; NIHR Environmental Exposure and Health HPRU, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Lois Holliday
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Chris J Griffiths
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian S Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Environmental Exposure and Health HPRU, Imperial College London, UK
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14
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Yang L, Shen Z, Wang D, Wei J, Wang X, Sun J, Xu H, Cao J. Diurnal Variations of Size-Resolved Bioaerosols During Autumn and Winter Over a Semi-Arid Megacity in Northwest China. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000411. [PMID: 34036209 PMCID: PMC8137277 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols have a major negative effect on air quality and on public health by causing the spread of diseases. This study evaluated the bioaerosol composition and variation in a semi-arid megacity of northwest China from October 2019 to January 2020 using an Andersen six-stage impactor sampler. The size distribution, diurnal variations of the concentrations of airborne bacteria, airborne fungi, and total airborne microbes (TAM) were investigated in autumn and winter. The mean concentrations of airborne bacteria, fungi, and TAM were 523.5 ± 301.1 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3, 1318.9 ± 447.8 CFU/m3, and (7.25 ± 1.90) × 106 cells/m3, respectively, in autumn and 581 ± 305.4 CFU/m3, 1234.4 ± 519.9 CFU/m3, and (5.96 ± 1.65) × 106 cells/m3, respectively, in winter. The mean bioaerosol concentrations were slightly higher on nonhaze days than on haze days, but the difference was not statistically significant. Higher ambient particulate matter levels and atmospheric oxidation capacity inhibited bacteria survival. The diurnal maximum bioaerosol concentration was observed in the morning in autumn, whereas in winter, bioaerosols did not exhibit such a distribution, the impact of human activities on bioaerosols was still uncertain. The size of airborne bacteria exhibited a bimodal distribution, whereas a unimodal pattern was observed for fungi and TAM. Most bacteria, fungi, and TAM were distributed in the respirable ranges from trachea and primary bronchi to alveoli, indicating that bioaerosols have a high risk of being inhaled and causing respiratory diseases in Xi'an.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & PhysicsSKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & PhysicsSKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina
| | - Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Junqiang Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & PhysicsSKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina
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15
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Adam MG, Tran PTM, Bolan N, Balasubramanian R. Biomass burning-derived airborne particulate matter in Southeast Asia: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124760. [PMID: 33341572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smoke haze episodes, resulting from uncontrolled biomass burning (BB) including forest and peat fires, continue to occur in Southeast Asia (SEA), affecting air quality, atmospheric visibility, climate, ecosystems, hydrologic cycle and human health. The pollutant of major concern in smoke haze is airborne particulate matter (PM). A number of fundamental laboratory, field and modeling studies have been conducted in SEA from 2010 to 2020 to investigate potential environmental and health impacts of BB-induced PM. The goal of this review is to bring together the most recent developments in our understanding of various aspects of BB-derived PM based on 127 research articles published from 2010 to 2020, which have not been conveyed in previous reviews. Specifically, this paper discusses the physical, chemical, toxicological and radiative properties of BB-derived PM. It also provides insights into the environmental and health impacts of BB-derived PM, summarizes the approaches taken to do the source apportionment of PM during BB events and discusses the mitigation of exposure to BB-derived PM. Suggestions for future research priorities are outlined. Policies needed to prevent future BB events in the SEA region are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max G Adam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Phuong T M Tran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Faculty of Environment, University of Science and Technology, The University of Danang, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang Street, Lien Chieu District, Danang City, Viet Nam
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rajasekhar Balasubramanian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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16
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Cui J, Cui J, Peng Y, Yao D, Chan A, Chen Z, Chen Y. Sources and trends of oxidized and reduced nitrogen wet deposition in a typical medium-sized city of eastern China during 2010-2016. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140558. [PMID: 32711301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluxes and composition dynamics of atmospheric nitrogen deposition play key roles in better balancing economic development and ecological environment. However, there are some knowledge gaps and difficulties in urban ecosystems, especially for small and medium-sized cities. In this study, both flux and composition (ratio of NH4+-N to NO3--N, RN) of wet-deposited dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, sum of NO3--N and NH4+-N) were estimated and sources were identified at a long-term urban observation station in Tongling, a typical medium-sized city in eastern China during 2010-2016, respectively. Results showed that wet-deposited DIN fluxes were 33.20 and 28.15 kgN ha-1 yr-1 in Tongling city during 2010-2011 and 2015-2016, respectively. Compared to these two periods, both DIN and NO3--N fluxes decreased by 15.2% and 31.8% for a series of NOx abatement measures applied effectively, respectively. At the same time, the NH4+-N flux remained stable and ranged from 19.53 to 20.62 kgN ha-1 yr-1, and the RN increased from 1.7 to 2.2. Seasonally, winds from the southwest and west-southwest with higher frequencies and speeds in spring and summer brought more NH4+-N and DIN wet deposition from an ammonia plant, which could threaten the safety of regional hydrosphere ecosystems. On the whole, the wet-deposited NH4+-N was threatening regional ecosystems of both the hydrosphere and forest. The wet-deposited DIN including NH4+-N in Tongling city stemmed mainly from a combined source of coal combustion and dust from Cu extraction and smelting, ammonia production, and roads. Therefore, production lines should be updated for Cu extraction and smelting industries, thermal power generations and the ammonia plant, old vehicles should be eliminated, and the use of new energy vehicles should be promoted for regional sustainable development and human health in the medium-sized city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyan Cui
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem, Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Architectural engineering Institute, Tongling University, Tongling 244000, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem, Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem, Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Plant Resources and Water Environment Remediation, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Andy Chan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yueming Chen
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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