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Boyraz B, Unal Yilmaz E, Yazici Guvenc S, Can-Güven E, Varank G, Demir A. Alternative sequential combinations of electrocoagulation with electrooxidation and peroxi-coagulation for effective treatment of adhesive production industry wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:122067. [PMID: 39111011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Adhesive production industry wastewater can be characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD) sourced from high refractory organic contaminants and high total suspended solids (TSS) concentration. Biodegradability of the wastewater is low and wastewater quality is unstable. Various treatment processes have limited applicability in such characterized wastewater. In this study, the treatment performance of electrochemical processes was investigated. Because it is not possible to meet the discharge standards by application of only one process for high refractory organic content, sequential electrochemical processes were studied in this work. In the first step of the sequential process, electrocoagulation (EC) using Al electrodes by which better performance was achieved was applied. In the second step, electrooxidation (EO) and peroxi-coagulation (PC) processes were applied to the EC effluent. In EO, Ti/MMO was selected as the most effective anode whereas in PC, Fe was used as the anode, and graphite was used as the cathode. Box-Behnken Design was applied to optimize the operating conditions of EO and PC processes and to obtain mathematical model equations. In the EC process, 77% COD, 78.5% TSS, and 85% UV254 removal efficiency were obtained under the optimum conditions (pH 7.2, reaction time 35 min, and current density 0.5 mA/cm2). With the EO and PC processes applied to the effluent of EC, 68.5% COD, 77% TSS, and 83% UV254 removal and 77.5% COD, 87% TSS, and 86.5% UV254 removal were obtained, respectively. The specific energy consumption of EC-EO and EC-PC processes was 16.08 kWh/kg COD and 15.06 kWh/kg COD, respectively. Considering the treatment targets and process operating costs, it was concluded that both sequential electrochemical systems could be promising alternative systems for the treatment of adhesive production industry wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berfin Boyraz
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Unal Yilmaz
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Can-Güven
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Varank
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demir
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kumar P, Nawaz T, Singh SP. Optimization of electrocoagulation process parameters for the treatment of oil industry drill site wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47101-47115. [PMID: 38987516 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The effluent from the oil drilling site is a complex mixture of hazardous chemicals that causes environmental impacts on its disposal. The treatment of oil drill-site wastewater has not been explored much, and understanding its characteristics and optimizing the treatment process are required. In the present study, we have optimized the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes for drill-site wastewater treatment. A multi-level factorial center composite design using response surface methodology is applied to optimize the effect of current density (CD), pH, and inter-electrode distance (IED) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The increasing current density shows a significant increase in COD removal, and a similar trend was observed with a decreased pH. It was found that with current density and inter-electrode distance, the maximum COD removal achieved was 70% at the CD of 19.04 mA cm-2 and IED 2.6 cm. By varying pH and current density, the COD removal reached up to 90% at pH 6 and CD 19.04 mA cm-2. The study shows that the current density is the dominant factor for the process's energy consumption and operating cost, followed by pH. This study's findings could be effectively used to develop large-scale treatment processes through electrocoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Tabish Nawaz
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre of Excellence On Membrane Technologies for Desalination, Brine Management, and Water Recycling (DeSaltM), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Shah AA, Walia S, Kazemian H. Advancements in combined electrocoagulation processes for sustainable wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review of mechanisms, performance, and emerging applications. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121248. [PMID: 38335752 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the potential and challenges of combining electrochemical, especially electrocoagulation (EC) process, with various - wastewater treatment methods such as membranes, chemical treatments, biological methods, and oxidation processes to enhance pollutant removal and reduce costs. It emphasizes the advantages of using electrochemical processes as a pretreatment step, including increased volume and improved quality of permeate water, mitigation of membrane fouling, and lower environmental impact. Pilot-scale studies are discussed to validate the effectiveness of combined EC processes, particularly for industrial wastewater. Factors such as electrode materials, coating materials, and the integration of a third process are discussed as potential avenues for improving the environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the combined EC processes. This review also discusses factors for improvement and explores the EC process combined with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP). The conclusion highlights the need for combined EC processes, which include reducing electrode consumption, evaluating energy efficiency, and conducting pilot-scale investigations under continuous flow conditions. Furthermore, it emphasizes future research on electrode materials and technology commercialization. Overall, this review underscores the importance of combined EC processes in meeting the demand for clean water resources and emphasizes the need for further optimization and implementation in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatif Ali Shah
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Environment Science Program, Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N4Z9, Canada.
| | - Sunil Walia
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Environment Science Program, Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N4Z9, Canada.
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Aryanti PTP, Nugroho FA, Anwar N, Rusgiyarto F, Phalakornkule C, Kadier A. Integrated bipolar electrocoagulation and PVC-based ultrafiltration membrane process for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140637. [PMID: 37952820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of integrating electrocoagulation (EC) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater treatment was investigated. The impact of various parameters on contaminant removal efficiency, including electrode configuration (monopolar and bipolar), number of anodes, agitation rate, and current density, was studied. The findings demonstrated that using bipolar (BP) electrodes in the EC reactor improved coagulation efficiency. However, an increase in agitation rate led to a decrease in removal efficiency. The electrode configuration of 2A-2C-2B achieved high contaminant removal with a lower electrode consumption compared to the 4A-2C and 4A-2C-2B configurations. The removal efficiencies for total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were 59.1%, 99.9%, 96.8%, and 96%, respectively. The operating cost for the electrode configuration of 2A-2C-2B was estimated to be 2.71 US$ m-3 at an effluent capacity of 50 m3 d-1 and 20 h d-1 of operating time, while the energy requirement was 6.20 kWh m-3. An increase in operating time from 5 to 24 h d-1 raised the specific operating cost from 2.17 to 2.85 US$ m-3. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing EC and UF processes for POME wastewater treatment, which could have significant implications for sustainable industrial practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Teta Prihartini Aryanti
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Febrianto Adi Nugroho
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nadiem Anwar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Rusgiyarto
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Nidheesh PV, Gökkuş Ö. Advances in electrocoagulation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136779. [PMID: 36208801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ömür Gökkuş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Erciyes University, Turkey.
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Yazici Guvenc S, Varank G, Can-Güven E, Ercan H, Yaman D, Saricam E, Türk OK. Application of the hybrid electrocoagulation–electrooxidation process for the degradation of contaminants in acidified biodiesel wastewater. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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