1
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Xia Y, Xu Y. Unit-Emitting Carbon Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6482-6488. [PMID: 38869323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the photoluminescence mechanisms of carbon dots (C-dots) is of importance for both fundamental science and their corresponding applications. In this study, we verify the emitting-unit model of C-dots by an upgraded "contrastive analysis" research paradigm. Employing preparative thin-layer chromatography, we recently developed polyamide column chromatography separation techniques, and four kinds of highly correlative C-dots are obtained from a homologous sample made from ortho-aminophenol precursors. Combining comprehensive experimental characterizations, especially the direct evidence from electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that the photoluminescence of the four C-dots comes from the same polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon units (named as emitting units) indeed, although these C-dots have substantially different chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wetzl C, Renero-Lecuna C, Cardo L, Liz-Marzán LM, Prato M. Temperature-Dependent Luminescence of Nd 3+-Doped Carbon Nanodots for Nanothermometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38934218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Noncontact optical nanothermometers operating within the biological transparency windows are required to study temperature-sensitive biological phenomena at the nanoscale. Nanoparticles containing rare-earth ions such as Nd3+ have been reported to be efficient luminescence-based ratiometric thermometers, however often limited by poor water solubility and concentration-related quenching effects. Herein, we introduce a new type of nanothermometer, obtained by employing low-dimensional carbon nanodots (CNDs) as matrices to host Nd3+ ions (NdCNDs). By means of a one-pot procedure, small (∼7-12 nm), water-soluble nanoparticles were obtained, with high (15 wt %) Nd3+ loading. This stable metal-CND system features temperature-dependent photoluminescence in the second biological window (BW II) upon irradiation at 808 nm, thereby allowing accurate and reversible (heating/cooling) temperature measurements with good sensitivity and thermal resolution. The system possesses remarkable biocompatibility in vitro and promising performance at a high penetration depth in tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Wetzl
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carlos Renero-Lecuna
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lucia Cardo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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3
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Li Z. Facile Synthesis of B/P Co-Doping Multicolor Emissive Carbon Dots Derived from Phenylenediamine Isomers and Their Application in Anticounterfeiting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:813. [PMID: 38786770 PMCID: PMC11123944 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) possess a considerable number of beneficial features for latent applications in biotargeted drugs, electronic transistors, and encrypted information. The synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots has become a trend in contemporary research, especially in the field of controllable multicolor fluorescent carbon dots. In this study, an elementary one-step hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize the multicolor fluorescent carbon dots by co-doping unique phenylenediamine isomers (o-PD, m-PD, and p-PD) with B and P elements, which under 365 nm UV light exhibited signs of lavender-color, grass-color, and tangerine-color fluorescence, respectively. Further investigations reveal the distinctness in the polymerization, surface-specific functional groups, and graphite N content of the multicolor CDs, which may be the chief factor regarding the different optical behaviors of the multicolor CDs. This new work offers a route for the exploration of multicolor CDs using B/P co-doping and suggests great potential in the field of optical materials, important information encryption, and commercial anticounterfeiting labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yuan T, Meng T, Li Y, Li X, Yuan F, Tan Z, Fan L. Onion-like multicolor thermally activated delayed fluorescent carbon quantum dots for efficient electroluminescent light-emitting diodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3043. [PMID: 38589394 PMCID: PMC11001924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are emerging as promising nanomaterials for next-generation displays. The elaborate structural design is crucial for achieving thermally activated delayed fluorescence, particularly for improving external quantum efficiency of electroluminescent light-emitting diodes. Here, we report the synthesis of onion-like multicolor thermally activated delayed fluorescence carbon quantum dots with quantum yields of 42.3-61.0%. Structural, spectroscopic characterization and computational studies reveal that onion-like structures assembled from monomer carbon quantum dots of different sizes account for the decreased singlet-triplet energy gap, thereby achieving efficient multicolor thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The devices exhibit maximum luminances of 3785-7550 cd m-2 and maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.0-9.9%. Importantly, owing to the weak van der Waals interactions and adequate solution processability, flexible devices with a maximum luminance of 2554 cd m-2 are realized. These findings facilitate the development of high-performance carbon quantum dots-based electroluminescent light-emitting diodes that are promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhibin Wang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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5
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Liu Y, Gao X, Zhao B, Deng J. Circularly polarized luminescence in quantum dot-based materials. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6853-6875. [PMID: 38504609 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as fantastic luminescent nanomaterials with significant potential due to their unique photoluminescence properties. With the rapid development of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials, many researchers have associated QDs with the CPL property, resulting in numerous novel CPL-active QD-containing materials in recent years. The present work reviews the latest advances in CPL-active QD-based materials, which are classified based on the types of QDs, including perovskite QDs, carbon dots, and colloidal semiconductor QDs. The applications of CPL-active QD-based materials in biological, optoelectronic, and anti-counterfeiting fields are also discussed. Additionally, the current challenges and future perspectives in this field are summarized. This review article is expected to stimulate more unprecedented achievements based on CPL-active QD-based materials, thus further promoting their future practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaobin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Biao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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6
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Guo G, Xia Y. General Separation of Carbon Dots by Polyamide Chromatography. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5095-5105. [PMID: 38414104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dot (C-dot) separation/purification is not only a fundamental chemical issue but also an essential precondition for revealing C-dots' true nature. To date, adequate separation of C-dots has remained an open question due to the lack of an appropriate fine separation system. Herein, we discover and reveal that polyamide chromatography can provide versatile and powerful performances for C-dot separation. By a joint study of experiments and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that multiple interaction forces, including electrostatic repulsion/attraction, hydrogen bond, and van der Waals effects, exist simultaneously among the stationary phase, mobile phase, and the separated C-dots. Furthermore, the magnitude of these forces is dependent on the surface chemistry of the separated C-dots and the nature of the used mobile phases, providing a theoretical basis and experimental operability for C-dot separation. So, the proposed system possesses the capacity for adequately separating hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and lipophilic C-dots. The polyamide chromatography, due to its versatile and powerful separation performances, not only provides more thorough separation effects but also helps to correct our false perceptions from inadequate purified C-dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yunsheng Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Yuan T, Teng Q, Li C, Li J, Su W, Song X, Shi Y, Xu H, Han Y, Wei S, Zhang Y, Li X, Li Y, Fan L, Yuan F. The emergence and prospects of carbon dots with solid-state photoluminescence for light-emitting diodes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:102-112. [PMID: 37823244 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The significant features of carbon dots (CDs), such as bright and tunable photoluminescence, high thermal stability, and low toxicity, endow them with tremendous potential for application in next generation optoelectronics. Despite great progress achieved in the design of high-performance CDs so far, the practical applications in solid-state lighting and displays have been retarded by the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect ascribed to direct π-π interactions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in solid-state CD emitters, including their synthesis, optical properties and applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Their triplet-excited-state-involved properties, as well as their recent advances in phosphor-converted LEDs and electroluminescent LEDs, are mainly reviewed here. Finally, the prospects and challenges of solid-state CD-based LEDs are discussed with an eye on future development. We hope that this review will provide critical insights to inspire new exciting discoveries on solid-state CDs from both fundamental and practical standpoints so that the realization of their potential in optoelectronic areas can be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Chenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jinsui Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Huimin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shuyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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8
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Bartolomei B, Sbacchi M, Rosso C, Günay-Gürer A, Zdražil L, Cadranel A, Kralj S, Guldi DM, Prato M. Synthetic Strategies for the Selective Functionalization of Carbon Nanodots Allow Optically Communicating Suprastructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202316915. [PMID: 38059678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The surface of Carbon Nanodots (CNDs) stands as a rich chemical platform, able to regulate the interactions between particles and external species. Performing selective functionalization of these nanoscale entities is of practical importance, however, it still represents a considerable challenge. In this work, we exploited the organic chemistry toolbox to install target functionalities on the CND surface, while monitoring the chemical changes on the material's outer shell through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Following this, we investigated the use of click chemistry to covalently connect CNDs of different nature en-route towards covalent suprastructures with unprecedent molecular control. The different photophysical properties of the connected particles allowed their optical communication in the excited state. This work paves the way for the development of selective and addressable CND building blocks which can act as modular nanoscale synthons that mirror the long-established reactivity of molecular organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bartolomei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Sbacchi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristian Rosso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Current address: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ayse Günay-Gürer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukáš Zdražil
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, (INQUIMAE), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Materials Synthesis Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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Shi Y, Su W, Yuan F, Yuan T, Song X, Han Y, Wei S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li X, Fan L. Carbon Dots for Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210699. [PMID: 36959751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon nanomaterials, have been regarded as promising alternatives for electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their distinct characteristics, such as low toxicity, tuneable photoluminescence, and good photostability. In the last few years, despite remarkable progress achieved in CD-based LEDs, their device performance is still inferior to that of well-developed organic, heavy-metal-based QDs, and perovskite LEDs. To better exploit LED applications and boost device performance, in this review, a comprehensive overview of currently explored CDs is presented, focusing on their key optical characteristics, which are closely related to the structural design of CDs from their carbon core to surface modifications, and to macroscopic structural engineering, including the embedding of CDs in the matrix or spatial arrangement of CDs. The design of CD-based LEDs for display and lighting applications based on the fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence emission of CDs is also highlighted. Finally, it is concluded with a discussion regarding the key challenges and plausible prospects in this field. It is hoped that this review inspires more extensive research on CDs from a new perspective and promotes practical applications of CD-based LEDs in multiple directions of current and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xianzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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10
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Schneider H, Strauss V, Vogl S, Antonietti M, Filonenko S. Eutectic Media Open a Synthetic Route to Oligocitrazinic Acid Fluorophores of Purple Hue. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300180. [PMID: 37358187 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Under isochoric and solvent-free conditions, the reaction between ammonium formate and citric acid results in a deeply purple reaction product with fluorescent properties. This brings this reaction in the realm of bio-based fluorophores and bottom-up carbon nanodots from citric acid. The reaction conditions are optimized in terms of UV-vis spectroscopic properties and, subsequently, the main reaction product is separated. While the structural analysis does not give any indication for carbon nanodots in a general sense, it points towards the formation of molecular fluorophores that consist of oligomerized citrazinic acid derivatives. Furthermore, EPR spectroscopy reveals the presence of stable free radicals in the product. We hypothesize that such open-shell structures may play a general role in molecular fluorophores from citric acid and are not yet sufficiently explored. Therefore, we believe that analysis of these newly discovered fluorophores may contribute to a better understanding of the properties of fluorophores and CND from citric acid in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Schneider
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarah Vogl
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Svitlana Filonenko
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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11
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Jiang S, Kotov NA. Circular Polarized Light Emission in Chiral Inorganic Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2108431. [PMID: 35023219 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral inorganic nanostructures strongly interact with photons changing their polarization state. The resulting circularly polarized light emission (CPLE) has cross-disciplinary importance for a variety of chemical/biological processes and is essential for development of chiral photonics. However, the polarization effects are often complex and their interpretation is dependent on the several structural parameters of the chiral nanostructure. CPLE in nanostructured media has multiple origins and several optical effects are typically convoluted into a single output. Analyzing CPLE data obtained for nanoclusters, nanoparticles, nanoassemblies, and nanocomposites from metals, chalcogenides, perovskite, and other nanostructures, it is shown here that there are several distinct groups of nanomaterials for which CPLE is dominated either by circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) or circularly polarized scattering (CPS); there are also many nanomaterials for which they are comparable. The following points are also demonstrated: 1) CPL and CPS contributions involve light-matter interactions at different structural levels; 2) contribution from CPS is especially strong for nanostructured microparticles, nanoassemblies, and composites; and 3) engineering of materials with strongly polarized light emission requires synergistic implementation of CPL and CPS effects. These findings are expected to guide development of CPLE materials in a variety of technological fields, including 3D displays, information storage, biosensors, optical spintronics, and biological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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12
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Zdražil L, Baďura Z, Langer M, Kalytchuk S, Panáček D, Scheibe M, Kment Š, Kmentová H, Thottappali MA, Mohammadi E, Medveď M, Bakandritsos A, Zoppellaro G, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. Magnetic Polaron States in Photoluminescent Carbon Dots Enable Hydrogen Peroxide Photoproduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206587. [PMID: 37038085 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivation of aspartic acid-based carbon dots (Asp-CDs) induces the generation of spin-separated species, including electron/hole (e- /h+ ) polarons and spin-coupled triplet states, as uniquely confirmed by the light-induced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relative population of the e- /h+ pairs and triplet species depends on the solvent polarity, featuring a substantial stabilization of the triplet state in a non-polar environment (benzene). The electronic properties of the photoexcited Asp-CDs emerge from their spatial organization being interpreted as multi-layer assemblies containing a hydrophobic carbonaceous core and a hydrophilic oxygen and nitrogen functionalized surface. The system properties are dissected theoretically by density functional theory in combination with molecular dynamics simulations on quasi-spherical assemblies of size-variant flakelike model systems, revealing the importance of size dependence and interlayer effects. The formation of the spin-separated states in Asp-CDs enables the photoproduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) from water and water/2-propanol mixture via a water oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Zdražil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Baďura
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Langer
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sergii Kalytchuk
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Panáček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Scheibe
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Kment
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kmentová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Elmira Mohammadi
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Medveď
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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13
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Kosolapova KD, Koroleva AV, Arefina IA, Miruschenko MD, Cherevkov SA, Spiridonov IG, Zhizhin EV, Ushakova EV, Rogach AL. Energy-level engineering of carbon dots through a post-synthetic treatment with acids and amines. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8845-8853. [PMID: 37114916 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemically synthesized carbon dots (CDs) have attracted a lot of attention as an eco-friendly and cost-efficient light-emitting material, and functionalization of CD surfaces with additives of different natures is a useful way to control their properties. In this study, we show how a post-synthetic treatment of CDs with citric acid, benzoic acid, urea and o-phenylenediamine changes their chemical composition and optical properties. In particular, it results in the formation of carboxyl/imide/carbonyl groups at the CD surface, leading to the appearance of additional blue (or for CDs treated with phenylenediamine, blue and green) emissive optical centers on top of the remaining emission from the original CDs. Most importantly, the increased oxidation degree alongside a decreased relative amount of carbon and nitrogen in such treated CDs decreases their highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level by up to 0.9 eV (the maximal value was observed for CDs treated with o-phenylenediamine). Moreover, the Fermi energy level shifted above the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level for some of the treated CD samples. Thus, the energy structure of CDs can be tuned and optimized for further applications through the functionalization of their surface with organic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia D Kosolapova
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Kronverksky pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V Koroleva
- Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina A Arefina
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Kronverksky pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail D Miruschenko
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Kronverksky pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei A Cherevkov
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Kronverksky pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor G Spiridonov
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Kronverksky pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V Zhizhin
- Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Ushakova
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Kronverksky pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
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14
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Wang Y, Lv T, Yin K, Feng N, Sun X, Zhou J, Li H. Carbon Dot-Based Hydrogels: Preparations, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207048. [PMID: 36709483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have extremely high moisture content, which makes it very soft and excellently biocompatible. They have become an important soft material and have a wide range of applications in various fields such as biomedicine, bionic smart material, and electrochemistry. Carbon dot (CD)-based hydrogels are based on carbon dots (CDs) and auxiliary substances, forming a gel material with comprehensive properties of individual components. CDs embedding in hydrogels could not only solve their aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, but also manipulate the properties of hydrogels and even bring some novel properties, achieving a win-win situation. In this review, the preparation methods, formation mechanism, and properties of CD-based hydrogels, and their applications in biomedicine, sensing, adsorption, energy storage, and catalysis -are summarized. Finally, a brief discussion on future research directions of CD-based hydrogels will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Tingjie Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Keyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ning Feng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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15
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Wu Y, Chen X, Wu W. Multiple Stimuli-Response Polychromatic Carbon Dots for Advanced Information Encryption and Safety. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206709. [PMID: 36642825 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical information encryption and safety have aroused great attention since they are closely correlated to data protection and information safety. The development of multiple stimuli-response optical materials for constructing large-capacity information encryption and safety is very important for practical applications. Carbon dots (CDs) have many gratifying merits, such as polychromatic emission, diverse luminous categories, and stable physicochemical properties, and are considered as one of the most ideal candidates for information protection. Herein, carbon core, functional groups, solvents, and other crucial factors are reviewed for outputting polychromatic emission of multiple luminous categories. In particular, substrate engineering strategies have been emphasized for their critical role in yielding excellent optical features of multiple luminous categories. High-capacity information encryption and safety strategies are reviewed by relying on the rich optical properties of CDs, such as polychromatic emission, multiple luminous categories of fluorescence, afterglow, and upconversion, as well as external-stimuli-assisted optical changes. Some perspectives for preparing excellent CDs and further developing information security strategies are proposed. This review provides a good reference for the manipulation of polychromatic CDs and the development of next-generation information encryption and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfusheng Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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16
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Cardo L, Martínez-Parra L, Cesco M, Echeverría-Beistegui BM, Martínez-Moro M, Herrero-Álvarez N, Cabrerizo MB, Carregal-Romero S, Ramos-Cabrer P, Ruiz-Cabello J, Prato M. Luminescent Carbon Nanodots Doped with Gadolinium (III): Purification Criteria, Chemical and Biological Characterization of a New Dual Fluorescence/MR Imaging Agent. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206442. [PMID: 36840669 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon Dots (CDs) are luminescent quasi-spherical nanoparticles, possessing water solubility, high biocompatibility, and tunable chemical and physical properties for a wide range of applications, including nanomedicine and theranostics. The evaluation of new purification criteria, useful to achieve more reliable CDs, free from the interference of artifacts, is currently an object of debate in the field. Here, new CDs doped with gadolinium (Gd (III)), named Gd@CNDs, are presented as multifunctional probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This new system is a case of study, to evaluate and/or combine different purification strategies, as a crucial approach to generate CDs with a better performance. Indeed, these new amorphous Gd@CNDs display good homogeneity, and they are free from emissive side products. Gd@CNDs (7-10 nm) contain 7% of Gd (III) w/w, display suitable and stable longitudinal relaxivity (r1 ) and with emissive behavior, therefore potentially useful for both MR and fluorescence imaging. They show good biocompatibility in both cellular and in vivo studies, cell permeability, and the ability to generate contrast in cellular pellets. Finally, MRI recording T1 -weighted images on mice after intravenous injection of Gd@CNDs, show signal enhancement in the liver, spleen, and kidney 30 min postinjection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cardo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Lydia Martínez-Parra
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Michele Cesco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Begoña M Echeverría-Beistegui
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Moro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Natalia Herrero-Álvarez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Marta-Beraza Cabrerizo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Susana Carregal-Romero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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17
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Arefina IA, Kurshanov DA, Vedernikova AA, Danilov DV, Koroleva AV, Zhizhin EV, Sergeev AA, Fedorov AV, Ushakova EV, Rogach AL. Carbon Dot Emission Enhancement in Covalent Complexes with Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:223. [PMID: 36677976 PMCID: PMC9867019 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots can be used for the fabrication of colloidal multi-purpose complexes for sensing and bio-visualization due to their easy and scalable synthesis, control of their spectral responses over a wide spectral range, and possibility of surface functionalization to meet the application task. Here, we developed a chemical protocol of colloidal complex formation via covalent bonding between carbon dots and plasmonic metal nanoparticles in order to influence and improve their fluorescence. We demonstrate how interactions between carbon dots and metal nanoparticles in the formed complexes, and thus their optical responses, depend on the type of bonds between particles, the architecture of the complexes, and the degree of overlapping of absorption and emission of carbon dots with the plasmon resonance of metals. For the most optimized architecture, emission enhancement reaching up to 5.4- and 4.9-fold for complexes with silver and gold nanoparticles has been achieved, respectively. Our study expands the toolkit of functional materials based on carbon dots for applications in photonics and biomedicine to photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Arefina
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Danil A. Kurshanov
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anna A. Vedernikova
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Denis V. Danilov
- Interdisciplinary Resource Centre for Nanotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V. Koroleva
- Centre for Physical Methods of Surface Investigation, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Zhizhin
- Centre for Physical Methods of Surface Investigation, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A. Sergeev
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Anatoly V. Fedorov
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Elena V. Ushakova
- International Research and Education Centre for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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18
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Hubbard MA, Luyet C, Kumar P, Elvati P, VanEpps JS, Violi A, Kotov NA. Chiral chromatography and surface chirality of carbon nanoparticles. Chirality 2022; 34:1494-1502. [PMID: 36221174 PMCID: PMC9828453 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chiral carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) represent a rapidly evolving area of research for optical and biomedical technologies. Similar to small molecules, applications of CNPs as well as fundamental relationships between their optical activity and structural asymmetry would greatly benefit from their enantioselective separations by chromatography. However, this technique remains in its infancy for chiral carbon and other nanoparticles. The possibility of effective separations using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with chiral stationary phases remains an open question whose answer can also shed light on the components of multiscale chirality of the nanoparticles. Herein, we report a detailed methodology of HPLC for successful separation of chiral CNPs and establish a path for its future optimization. A mobile phase of water/acetonitrile was able to achieve chiral separation of CNPs derived from L- and D-cysteine denoted as L-CNPs and D-CNPs. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the teicoplanin-based stationary phase has a higher affinity for L-CNPs than for D-CNPs, in agreement with experiments. The experimental and computational findings jointly indicate that chiral centers of chiral CNPs are present at their surface, which is essential for the multiple applications of these chiral nanostructures and equally essential for interactions with biomolecules and circularly polarized photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misché A. Hubbard
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Chloe Luyet
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Paolo Elvati
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and InnovationUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Angela Violi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Biophysics ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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19
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Visheratina A, Hesami L, Wilson AK, Baalbaki N, Noginova N, Noginov MA, Kotov NA. Hydrothermal synthesis of chiral carbon dots. Chirality 2022; 34:1503-1514. [PMID: 36300866 PMCID: PMC9828721 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanocolloids that are cumulatively referred to as nanocarbons, attracted significant attention during the last decade because of facile synthesis methods, water solubility, tunable photoluminescence, easy surface modification, and high biocompatibility. Among the latest development in this reserach area are chiral nanocarbons exemplified by chiral carbon dots (CDots). They are expected to have applications in sensing, catalysis, imaging, and nanomedicine. However, the current methods of CDots synthesis show often contradictory chemical/optical properties and structural information that required a systematic study with careful structural evaluation. Here, we investigate and optimize chiroptical activity and photoluminescence of L- and D-CDots obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of L- and D-cysteine, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates that they are formed via gradual dehydrogenation and condensation reactions of the starting amino acid leading to particles with a wide spectrum of functional groups including aromatic cycles. We found that the chiroptical activity of CDots has an inverse correlation with the synthesis duration and temperature, whereas the photoluminescence intensity has a direct one, which is associated with degree of carbonization. Also, our studies show that the hydrothermal synthesis of cysteine in the presence of boric acid leads to the formation of CDots rather than boron nitride nanoparticles as was previously proposed in several reports. These results can be used to design chiral carbon-based nanoparticles with optimal chemical, chiroptical, and photoluminescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Hesami
- Center for Materials ResearchNorfolk State UniversityNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Nicole Baalbaki
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Natalia Noginova
- Center for Materials ResearchNorfolk State UniversityNorfolkVirginiaUSA
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20
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Golovatenko AA, Kalitukha IV, Dimitriev GS, Sapega VF, Rakhlin MV, Galimov AI, Shubina TV, Shornikova EV, Qiang G, Yakovlev DR, Bayer M, Biermann A, Hoffmann A, Aubert T, Hens Z, Rodina AV. A Comparative Study of the Band-Edge Exciton Fine Structure in Zinc Blende and Wurtzite CdSe Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4269. [PMID: 36500892 PMCID: PMC9736692 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we studied the role of the crystal structure in spheroidal CdSe nanocrystals on the band-edge exciton fine structure. Ensembles of zinc blende and wurtzite CdSe nanocrystals are investigated experimentally by two optical techniques: fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) and time-resolved photoluminescence. We argue that the zero-phonon line evaluated by the FLN technique gives the ensemble-averaged energy splitting between the lowest bright and dark exciton states, while the activation energy from the temperature-dependent photoluminescence decay is smaller and corresponds to the energy of an acoustic phonon. The energy splittings between the bright and dark exciton states determined using the FLN technique are found to be the same for zinc blende and wurtzite CdSe nanocrystals. Within the effective mass approximation, we develop a theoretical model considering the following factors: (i) influence of the nanocrystal shape on the bright-dark exciton splitting and the oscillator strength of the bright exciton, and (ii) shape dispersion in the ensemble of the nanocrystals. We show that these two factors result in similar calculated zero-phonon lines in zinc blende and wurtzite CdSe nanocrystals. The account of the nanocrystals shape dispersion allows us to evaluate the linewidth of the zero-phonon line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ina V. Kalitukha
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Victor F. Sapega
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Rakhlin
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aidar I. Galimov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Shubina
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shornikova
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gang Qiang
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R. Yakovlev
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Amelie Biermann
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universitat Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Hoffmann
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universitat Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tangi Aubert
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna V. Rodina
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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21
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Corti V, Bartolomei B, Mamone M, Gentile G, Prato M, Filippini G. Amine-Rich Carbon Dots as Novel Nano-Aminocatalytic Platforms in Organic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2022; 2022:e202200879. [PMID: 36632560 PMCID: PMC9826489 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel and effective metal-free catalytic systems, which can drive value-added organic transformations in environmentally benign solvents (for instance, water), is highly desirable. Moreover, these new catalysts need to be harmless, easy-to-prepare, and potentially recyclable. In this context, amine-rich carbon dots (CDs) have recently emerged as promising nano-catalytic platforms. These nitrogen-doped nanoparticles, which show dimensions smaller than 10 nm, generally consist of carbon cores that are surrounded by shells containing numerous amino groups. In recent years, organic chemists have used these surface amines to guide the design of several synthetic methodologies under mild operative conditions. This Concept highlights the recent advances in the synthesis of amine-rich carbon dots and their applications in organic catalysis, including forward-looking opportunities within this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Corti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Beatrice Bartolomei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Martina Mamone
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Giuseppe Gentile
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly,Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo de Miramón 19420014Donostia San SebastiánSpain,Basque Fdn SciIkerbasque48013BilbaoSpain
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
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22
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Wang Y, Li X, Zhao S, Wang B, Song X, Xiao J, Lan M. Synthesis strategies, luminescence mechanisms, and biomedical applications of near-infrared fluorescent carbon dots. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Wang B, Waterhouse GI, Lu S. Carbon dots: mysterious past, vibrant present, and expansive future. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Sawalha S, Assali M, Raddad M, Ghneem T, Sawalhi T, Almasri M, Zarour A, Misia G, Prato M, Silvestri A. Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Carbon Nanodots from d-Glucose. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4860-4872. [PMID: 36100469 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots, a class of carbon nano-allotropes, have been synthesized through different routes and methods from a wide range of precursors. The selected precursor, synthetic method, and conditions can strongly alter the physicochemical properties of the resulting material and their intended applications. Herein, carbon nanodots (CNDs) have been synthesized from d-glucose by combining pyrolysis and chemical oxidation methods. The effect of the pyrolysis temperature, equivalents of oxidizing agent, and refluxing time were studied on the product and quantum yield. In the optimum conditions (pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C, 4.41 equiv of H2O2, 90 min of reflux) CNDs were obtained with 40% and 3.6% of product and quantum yields, respectively. The obtained CNDs are negatively charged (ζ-potential = -32 mV), excellently dispersed in water, with average diameter of 2.2 nm. Furthermore, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) was introduced as dehydrating and/or passivation agent during CNDs synthesis resulting in significant improvement of both product and quantum yields of about 1.5 and 3.76-fold, respectively. The synthesized CNDs showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities toward different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. Both synthesized CNDs caused highly colony forming unit reduction (CFU), ranging from 98% to 99.99% for most of the tested bacterial strains. However, CNDs synthesized in the absence of NH4OH, due to a negatively charged surface enriched in oxygenated groups, performed better in zone inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. The elevated antibacterial activity of high-oxygen-containing carbon nanodots is directly correlated to their ROS formation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Sawalha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Muna Raddad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Tasneem Ghneem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Tasneem Sawalhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Motasem Almasri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Abdulraziq Zarour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Giuseppe Misia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
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25
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Di Noja S, Amato F, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Ragazzon G, Prato M. Transfer of Axial Chirality to the Nanoscale Endows Carbon Nanodots with Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202397. [PMID: 35417611 PMCID: PMC9320872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, purification and characterization of chiral carbon nanodots starting from atropoisomeric precursors. The obtained atropoisomeric carbon nanodots are soluble in organic solvents and have good thermal stability, which are desirable features for technological applications. The synthetic protocol is robust, as it supports a number of variations in terms of molecular doping agents. Remarkably, the combination of axially chiral precursors and 1,4‐benzoquinone as doping agent results in green‐emissive carbon dots displaying circularly polarized luminescence. Dissymmetry factors of |3.5|×10−4 are obtained in solution, without the need of any additional element of chirality. Introducing axial chirality expands the strategies available to tailor the properties of carbon nanodots, paving the way for carbon nanoparticles that combine good processability in organic solvents with engineered advanced chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Noja
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Amato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingégnierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), University of Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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26
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Reale M, Chandra S, Buscarino G, Emanuele A, Cannas M, Ikkala O, Sciortino A, Messina F. Photoinduced charge separation in functional carbon-silver nanohybrids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12974-12983. [PMID: 35582872 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, nanoscience is devoting growing interest to the easy assembly of well-established nanomaterials into hybrid nanostructures displaying new emerging features. Here, we study the photophysicochemical response of binary nanohybrids obtained by the spontaneous coupling of luminescent carbon dots to silver nanoparticles with controlled surface charge. Evidence of the successful coupling is obtained by steady-state and time resolved optical measurements and further confirmed by direct imaging. We demonstrate strong interactions within nanohybrids, which can be modelled in terms of a sub-picosecond electron transfer from photoexcited carbon dots to silver nanoparticles. Accordingly, newly designed nanohybrids display significant photocatalytic performance demonstrated by the photodegradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet-visible light. Our results provide an exhaustive picture of the optical response of these self-assembled carbon-silver nanohybrids and show their promise as a new class of eco-friendly materials for light-driven catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reale
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - S Chandra
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P. O. Box 15100, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - G Buscarino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy. .,ATeN Center - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Emanuele
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Cannas
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - O Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P. O. Box 15100, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - A Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy. .,ATeN Center - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - F Messina
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy. .,ATeN Center - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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27
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Bartolomei B, Bogo A, Amato F, Ragazzon G, Prato M. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Reveals Molecular Species in Carbon Nanodot Samples Disclosing Flaws. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200038. [PMID: 35157359 PMCID: PMC9304307 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots are currently one of the hot topics in the nanomaterials world, due to their accessible synthesis and promising features. However, the purification of these materials is still a critical aspect, especially for syntheses involving molecular precursors. Indeed, the presence of unreacted species or small organic molecules formed during solvothermal treatments can affect the properties of the synthesized nanomaterials. To illustrate the extreme importance of this issue, we present two case studies in which insufficient purification results in misleading conclusions regarding the chiral and fluorescent properties of the investigated materials. Key to identify molecular species is the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, which proves to be an effective tool. Our work highlights the need to include nuclear magnetic resonance as a standard characterization technique for carbon-based nanomaterials, to minimize the risk of observing properties that arise from molecular species, rather than the target carbon nanodots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bartolomei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Bogo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Amato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires UMR7006, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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28
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Wang B, Cai H, Waterhouse GIN, Qu X, Yang B, Lu S. Carbon Dots in Bioimaging, Biosensing and Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Huijuan Cai
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | | | - Xiaoli Qu
- Erythrocyte Biology Laboratory School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
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29
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Prato M, Di Noja S, Amato F, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Ragazzon G. Transfer of Axial Chirality to the Nanoscale Endows Carbon Nanodots with Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Prato
- Università di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste ITALY
| | - Simone Di Noja
- Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche ITALY
| | - Francesco Amato
- Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche ITALY
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Università di Pisa: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Università di Pisa: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- ISIS: Institut de Science et d'Ingenierie Supramoleculaires Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche FRANCE
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30
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Das A, Kundelev EV, Vedernikova AA, Cherevkov SA, Danilov DV, Koroleva AV, Zhizhin EV, Tsypkin AN, Litvin AP, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV, Ushakova EV, Rogach AL. Revealing the nature of optical activity in carbon dots produced from different chiral precursor molecules. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:92. [PMID: 35410998 PMCID: PMC9001697 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are light-emitting nanoparticles that show great promise for applications in biology and medicine due to the ease of fabrication, biocompatibility, and attractive optical properties. Optical chirality, on the other hand, is an intrinsic feature inherent in many objects in nature, and it can play an important role in the formation of artificial complexes based on CDs that are implemented for enantiomer recognition, site-specific bonding, etc. We employed a one-step hydrothermal synthesis to produce chiral CDs from the commonly used precursors citric acid and ethylenediamine together with a set of different chiral precursors, namely, L-isomers of cysteine, glutathione, phenylglycine, and tryptophan. The resulting CDs consisted of O,N-doped (and also S-doped, in some cases) carbonized cores with surfaces rich in amide and hydroxyl groups; they exhibited high photoluminescence quantum yields reaching 57%, chiral optical signals in the UV and visible spectral regions, and two-photon absorption. Chiral signals of CDs were rather complex and originated from a combination of the chiral precursors attached to the CD surface, hybridization of lower-energy levels of chiral chromophores formed within CDs, and intrinsic chirality of the CD cores. Using DFT analysis, we showed how incorporation of the chiral precursors at the optical centers induced a strong response in their circular dichroism spectra. The optical characteristics of these CDs, which can easily be dispersed in solvents of different polarities, remained stable during pH changes in the environment and after UV exposure for more than 400 min, which opens a wide range of bio-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Das
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | - Evgeny V Kundelev
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Anna A Vedernikova
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Sergei A Cherevkov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Denis V Danilov
- Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | | | - Evgeniy V Zhizhin
- Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anton N Tsypkin
- Laboratory of Femtosecond Optics and Femtotechnology, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Aleksandr P Litvin
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Laboratory of Quantum Processes and Measurements, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander V Baranov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Fedorov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Elena V Ushakova
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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31
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Guo Y, Wang Q, Li H, Gao Y, Xu X, Tang B, Wang Y, Yang B, Lee YK, French PJ, Zhou G. Carbon Dots Embedded in Cellulose Film: Programmable, Performance-Tunable, and Large-Scale Subtle Fluorescent Patterning by in Situ Laser Writing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2910-2920. [PMID: 35112845 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent patterns with multiple functions enable high-security anti-counterfeiting labels. Complex material synthesis and patterning processes limit the application of multifunctional fluorescent patterns, so the technology of in situ fluorescent patterning with tunable multimodal capabilities is becoming more necessary. In this work, an in situ fluorescent patterning technology was developed using laser direct writing on solid cellulose film at ambient conditions without masks. The fluorescent intensity and surface microstructure of the patterns could be adjusted by programmable varying of the laser parameters simultaneously. During laser direct writing, carbon dots are generated in situ in a cellulose ester polymer matrix, which significantly simplifies the fluorescent patterning process and reduces the manufacturing cost. Interestingly, the tunable fluorescent intensity empowers the fabrication of visual stereoscopic fluorescent patterns with excitation dependence, further improving its anti-counterfeiting performance. The obtained fluorescent patterns still show ultrahigh optical properties after being immersed in an acid/base solution (pH 5-12) over one month. In addition, the anti-UV performance of the obtained laser-patterned film with transmittance around 90% is comparable to that of commercial UV-resistant films. This work provided an advanced and feasible approach to fabricating programmable, performance-tunable, subtle fluorescent patterns in large-scale for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. & Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
| | - Quan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yixun Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Kuen Lee
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Paddy J French
- BE Lab, Faculty EWI, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, The Netherlands
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. & Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
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32
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Bartolomei B, Bogo A, Amato F, Ragazzon G, Prato M. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Reveals Molecular Species in Carbon Nanodot Samples Disclosing Flaws. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bartolomei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences INSTM UdR Trieste University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Andrea Bogo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences INSTM UdR Trieste University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Francesco Amato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences INSTM UdR Trieste University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences INSTM UdR Trieste University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires UMR7006 University of Strasbourg, CNRS 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences INSTM UdR Trieste University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 194 20014 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
- Basque Fdn Sci Ikerbasque 48013 Bilbao Spain
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33
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Stepanidenko EA, Skurlov ID, Khavlyuk PD, Onishchuk DA, Koroleva AV, Zhizhin EV, Arefina IA, Kurdyukov DA, Eurov DA, Golubev VG, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV, Ushakova EV, Rogach AL. Carbon Dots with an Emission in the Near Infrared Produced from Organic Dyes in Porous Silica Microsphere Templates. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030543. [PMID: 35159888 PMCID: PMC8838831 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with an emission in the near infrared spectral region are attractive due to their promising applications in bio-related areas, while their fabrication still remains a challenging task. Herein, we developed a template-assisted method using porous silica microspheres for the formation of CDs with optical transitions in the near infrared. Two organic dyes, Rhodamine 6G and IR1061 with emission in the yellow and near infrared spectral regions, respectively, were used as precursors for CDs. Correlation of morphology and chemical composition with optical properties of obtained CDs revealed the origin of their emission, which is related to the CDs’ core optical transitions and dye-derivatives within CDs. By varying annealing temperature, different kinds of optical centers as derivatives of organic dyes are formed in the microsphere’s pores. The template-assisted method allows us to synthesize CDs with an emission peaked at 1085 nm and photoluminescence quantum yield of 0.2%, which is the highest value reported so far for CDs emitting at wavelengths longer than 1050 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia A. Stepanidenko
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.D.S.); (D.A.O.); (I.A.A.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.)
| | - Ivan D. Skurlov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.D.S.); (D.A.O.); (I.A.A.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.)
| | - Pavel D. Khavlyuk
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Dmitry A. Onishchuk
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.D.S.); (D.A.O.); (I.A.A.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.)
| | - Aleksandra V. Koroleva
- Centre for Physical Methods of Surface Investigation, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.K.); (E.V.Z.)
| | - Evgeniy V. Zhizhin
- Centre for Physical Methods of Surface Investigation, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.K.); (E.V.Z.)
| | - Irina A. Arefina
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.D.S.); (D.A.O.); (I.A.A.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.)
| | - Dmitry A. Kurdyukov
- Laboratory of Amorphous Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya Str., 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.K.); (D.A.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Daniil A. Eurov
- Laboratory of Amorphous Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya Str., 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.K.); (D.A.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Valery G. Golubev
- Laboratory of Amorphous Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya Str., 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.K.); (D.A.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Alexander V. Baranov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.D.S.); (D.A.O.); (I.A.A.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.)
| | - Anatoly V. Fedorov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.D.S.); (D.A.O.); (I.A.A.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.)
| | - Elena V. Ushakova
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.D.S.); (D.A.O.); (I.A.A.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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34
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Ðorđević L, Arcudi F, Cacioppo M, Prato M. A multifunctional chemical toolbox to engineer carbon dots for biomedical and energy applications. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:112-130. [PMID: 35173327 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles, or carbon dots, are an emerging class of materials that has recently attracted considerable attention for biomedical and energy applications. They are defined by characteristic sizes of <10 nm, a carbon-based core and the possibility to add various functional groups at their surface for targeted applications. These nanomaterials possess many interesting physicochemical and optical properties, which include tunable light emission, dispersibility and low toxicity. In this Review, we categorize how chemical tools impact the properties of carbon dots. We look for pre- and postsynthetic approaches for the preparation of carbon dots and their derivatives or composites. We then showcase examples to correlate structure, composition and function and use them to discuss the future development of this class of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Ðorđević
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Francesca Arcudi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Michele Cacioppo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain.
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35
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Qu Y, Bai X, Li D, Zhang X, Liang C, Zheng W, Qu S. Solution-processable carbon dots with efficient solid-state red/near-infrared emission. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:547-553. [PMID: 35063786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) emerge as promising luminescent materials for potential applications in optoelectronics on basis of their merits including low cost, eco-friendliness and strong, color-tunable photoluminescence (PL). However, the research on solid-state emissive CDs is still at the primary stage because of the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) of PL and their poor film-formation ability. In this work, we produce CDs with branched-polyethylenimine (b-PEI) chemically functionalized on the surfaces. The thus newly synthesized P-CDs successfully overcome the bottleneck of ACQ effect and display efficient red and NIR emission in aggregate state. Under the excitation of 520 nm, a strong red emission (maxima of 640 nm) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 21% was observed for the P-CDs in neat film. Moreover, this design strategy endows the P-CDs with good film-formation ability via solution spin-coating, which significantly increases its value for the film-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chao Liang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Songnan Qu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau.
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36
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Jana B, Reva Y, Scharl T, Strauss V, Cadranel A, Guldi DM. Carbon Nanodots for All-in-One Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20122-20132. [PMID: 34843242 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) were photochemically altered to produce dihydrogen under light irradiation. Within the complex structure of CNDs, photo-oxidation takes place at citrazinic acid molecular fluorophore sites. Important is the fact that the resulting CND materials have a dual function. On one hand, they absorb light, and on the other hand, they photo- and electrocatalytically produce dihydrogen from water and seawater, without any external photosensitizer or cocatalyst. Record HER activities of 15.15 and 19.70 mmol(H2) g(catalyst)-1 h-1 were obtained after 1 h of 75 mW/cm2 Xe lamp illumination, from water and seawater, respectively. This impressive performance outweighs the remaining structural uncertainties. A full-fledged physicochemical investigation based on an arsenal of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic characterizations together with microscopy enabled a comprehensive look into the reaction mechanism. For an efficient dihydrogen formation, a precatalytic activation by means of reduction with a sacrificial electron donor is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yana Reva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Scharl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Shi Y, Wang Z, Meng T, Yuan T, Ni R, Li Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Lei S, Fan L. Red Phosphorescent Carbon Quantum Dot Organic Framework-Based Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes Exceeding 5% External Quantum Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18941-18951. [PMID: 34747168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have developed into prospective nanomaterials for next-generation lighting and displays due to their intrinsic advantages of high stability, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, confined by the spin-forbidden nature of triplet state transitions, the highest theoretical value of external quantum efficiency (EQE) of fluorescent CQDs is merely 5%, which fundamentally limits their further application in electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Soluble phosphorescent CQDs offer a means of breaking the shackle to achieve efficient monochromatic electroluminescence, especially red emission, which is a pivotal constituent in full-color displays. Here, the synthesis of red (625 nm) phosphorescent carbon quantum dot organic frameworks (CDOFs) with a quantum yield of up to 42.3% and realization of high-efficiency red phosphorescent electroluminescent LEDs are reported. The LEDs based on the CDOFs exhibited a red emission with a maximum luminance of 1818 cd m-2 and an EQE of 5.6%. This work explores the possibility of a new perspective for developing high-performance CQD-based electroluminescent LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruihao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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38
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39
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Sciortino A, Ferrante F, Gonçalves G, Tobias G, Popescu R, Gerthsen D, Mauro N, Giammona G, Buscarino G, Gelardi FM, Agnello S, Cannas M, Duca D, Messina F. Ultrafast Interface Charge Separation in Carbon Nanodot-Nanotube Hybrids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49232-49241. [PMID: 34609127 PMCID: PMC8532113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots are an emerging family of zero-dimensional nanocarbons behaving as tunable light harvesters and photoactivated charge donors. Coupling them to carbon nanotubes, which are well-known electron acceptors with excellent charge transport capabilities, is very promising for several applications. Here, we first devised a route to achieve the stable electrostatic binding of carbon dots to multi- or single-walled carbon nanotubes, as confirmed by several experimental observations. The photoluminescence of carbon dots is strongly quenched when they contact either semiconductive or conductive nanotubes, indicating a strong electronic coupling to both. Theoretical simulations predict a favorable energy level alignment within these complexes, suggesting a photoinduced electron transfer from dots to nanotubes, which is a process of high functional interest. Femtosecond transient absorption confirms indeed an ultrafast (<100 fs) electron transfer independent of nanotubes being conductive or semiconductive in nature, followed by a much slower back electron transfer (≈60 ps) from the nanotube to the carbon dots. The high degree of charge separation and delocalization achieved in these nanohybrids entails significant photocatalytic properties, as we demonstrate by the reduction of silver ions in solution. The results are very promising in view of using these "all-carbon" nanohybrids as efficient light harvesters for applications in artificial photocatalysis and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Sciortino
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Universitá degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrante
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Universitá degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Gil Gonçalves
- TEMA,
Mechanical Engineering Department, University
of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gerard Tobias
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Radian Popescu
- Laboratory
for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory
for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Engesserstrasse
7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Nicolò Mauro
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Buscarino
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Universitá degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
- CHAB—ATeN
Center, Università degli studi di
Palermo, Viale delle
scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Franco M. Gelardi
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Universitá degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Simonpietro Agnello
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Universitá degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
- CHAB—ATeN
Center, Università degli studi di
Palermo, Viale delle
scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Marco Cannas
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Universitá degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Dario Duca
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Universitá degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Universitá degli studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
- CHAB—ATeN
Center, Università degli studi di
Palermo, Viale delle
scienze, Edificio 18, Palermo 90128, Italy
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40
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Li D, Ushakova EV, Rogach AL, Qu S. Optical Properties of Carbon Dots in the Deep-Red to Near-Infrared Region Are Attractive for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102325. [PMID: 34365728 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) represent a recently emerged class of luminescent materials with a great potential for biomedical theranostics, and there are a lot of efforts to shift their absorption and emission toward deep-red (DR) to near-infrared (NIR) region falling in the biological transparency window. This review offers comprehensive insights into the synthesis strategies aimed to achieve this goal, and the current approaches of modulating the optical properties of CDs over the DR to NIR region. The underlying mechanisms of their absorption, photoluminescence, and chemiluminescence, as well as the related photophysical processes of photothermal conversion and formation of reactive oxygen species are considered. The already available biomedical applications of CDs, such as in the photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and their use as bioimaging agents and drug carriers are then shortly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Elena V Ushakova
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Songnan Qu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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41
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Yu J, Yong X, Tang Z, Yang B, Lu S. Theoretical Understanding of Structure-Property Relationships in Luminescence of Carbon Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7671-7687. [PMID: 34351771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have excellent luminescence characteristics, such as good light stability, high quantum yield (QY), long phosphorescence lifetime, and a wide emission wavelength range, resulting in CDs' great success in optical applications. Understanding the structure-property relationships in CDs is essential for their use in optoelectronic applications. However, because of the complex nature of CD structures and synthesis processes, understanding the luminescence mechanism and structure-property relationships of CDs is a big challenge. This Perspective reviews the theoretical efforts toward the understanding of structure-property relationships and discusses the challenges that need to be overcome in future development of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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42
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Zeng Q, Feng T, Tao S, Zhu S, Yang B. Precursor-dependent structural diversity in luminescent carbonized polymer dots (CPDs): the nomenclature. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:142. [PMID: 34253707 PMCID: PMC8275661 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have received immense attention in the last decade because they are easy-to-prepare, nontoxic, and tailorable carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterials. CDs can be categorized into three subgroups based on their morphology and chemical structure: graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). The detailed structures of the materials can vary significantly, even within the same category. This property is particularly predominant in chemically synthesized CPDs, as their formation proceeds via the polymerization-carbonization of molecules or polymer precursors. Abundant precursors endow CPDs with versatile structures and properties. A wide variety of carbon nanomaterials can be grouped under the category of CPDs because of their observed diversity. It is important to understand the precursor-dependent structural diversity observed in CPDs. Appropriate nomenclature for all classes and types of CPDs is proposed for the better utilization of these emerging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tanglue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Songyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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43
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Ru Y, Sui L, Song H, Liu X, Tang Z, Zang SQ, Yang B, Lu S. Rational Design of Multicolor-Emitting Chiral Carbonized Polymer Dots for Full-Color and White Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14091-14099. [PMID: 33830583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Light-emitting chiral carbonized polymer dots (Ch-CPDs) are attracting great interest because of their extraordinary photonic properties, but modulating their band-gap emission, especially at long wavelength, and maintaining their chiral structure to achieve multicolor, high-emission Ch-CPDs remains challenging. Reported here for the first time is the synthesis of red- and multicolor-emitting Ch-CPDs using the common precursors L-/D-tryptophan and o-phenylenediamine, and a solvothermal approach at one temperature. The quantum yield of the Ch-CPDs was between 31 % and 54 %. Supramolecular self-assembly provided multicolor-emitting Ch-CPDs showing novel circularly polarized luminescence, with the highest dissymmetric factor (glum ) of 1×10-2 . Importantly, circularly polarized white-emitting CPDs were fabricated for the first time by tuning the mixing ratio of the three colored Ch-CPDs in a gel. This strategy affords exciting opportunities for designing functional chiroptical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ru
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Laizhi Sui
- State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xingjiang Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Ru Y, Sui L, Song H, Liu X, Tang Z, Zang S, Yang B, Lu S. Rational Design of Multicolor‐Emitting Chiral Carbonized Polymer Dots for Full‐Color and White Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ru
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Laizhi Sui
- State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Xingjiang Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
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Stepanidenko EA, Ushakova EV, Fedorov AV, Rogach AL. Applications of Carbon Dots in Optoelectronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:364. [PMID: 33535584 PMCID: PMC7912755 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an attractive class of nanomaterials due to the ease of their synthesis, biocompatibility, and superior optical properties. The electronic structure of CDs and hence their optical transitions can be controlled and tuned over a wide spectral range via the choice of precursors, adjustment of the synthetic conditions, and post-synthetic treatment. We summarize recent progress in the synthesis of CDs emitting in different colors in terms of morphology and optical properties of the resulting nanoparticles, with a focus on the synthetic approaches allowing to shift their emission to longer wavelengths. We further consider formation of CD-based composite materials, and review approaches used to prevent aggregation and self-quenching of their emission. We then provide examples of applications of CDs in optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a focus on white LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia A. Stepanidenko
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.V.U.); (A.V.F.)
| | - Elena V. Ushakova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.V.U.); (A.V.F.)
- Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anatoly V. Fedorov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.V.U.); (A.V.F.)
| | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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