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Winqust A, Burduli E, Eddy LL, Landis T, Fraser J, Barbosa Leiker C. Associations between nurse characteristics, institutional characteristics and perceived nurse knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting suspected child abuse and neglect. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:2662-2673. [PMID: 38366766 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the association between nurse and institutional characteristics and perceived professional nurse knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting child abuse and neglect. DESIGN A sample of N = 166 nurses were recruited to respond to the Reporting of Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (RSCAN) survey. METHODS A multiple linear regression examined whether nurse characteristics and institutional characteristics were associated with the two RSCAN survey domain scores. RESULTS Perceived knowledge of a workplace child abuse and neglect protocol was associated with the knowledge subscale. Education and child abuse and neglect expertise were significant predictors of the self-efficacy subscale. Nurses with a master's or higher degree and those who identified as being either forensic, paediatric or Emergency Department nurses, had less perceived institutional barriers to self-efficacy of reporting child abuse and neglect. CONCLUSION This study provides a preliminary insight into the institutional barriers and facilitators of nurses as child abuse and neglect mandated reporters. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE To encourage innovative education and collaborations to support nurses as fully informed child abuse and neglect mandated reporters. IMPACT This research identifies the gaps and facilitators of nurses as child abuse and neglect mandated reporters to inform healthcare professionals and academic institutions on the importance of nurse education and experience in nurse knowledge and self-efficacy in reporting suspected child abuse and neglect. REPORTING METHODS The authors of this study have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines: STROBE. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION There is no patient or public contribution as the study only looked at nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winqust
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ekaterina Burduli
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Linda L Eddy
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Tullamora Landis
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Fraser
- Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Winquist A, Leiker CB, Landis T, Fraser J, Eddy LL, Burduli E. Development and psychometric evaluation of the reporting suspected child abuse and neglect (RSCAN) scale for United States registered nurses. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e319-e326. [PMID: 37863784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the United States (US), nurses have a mandated duty to report child abuse and neglect (CAN). Despite comprising the highest proportion of the US healthcare workforce, limited research has explored the institutional barriers they face in reporting suspected CAN. Furthermore, there is no existing valid and reliable measure of reporting relevant to US. The purpose of this research is to develop and psychometrically evaluate a scale to measure nurse knowledge and self-efficacy as CAN mandated reporters. DESIGN AND METHODS The Reporting Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (RSCAN) tool was developed from two existing international tools to examine institutional barriers and facilitators to US nurses' professional knowledge and reporting of CAN. A convenience sample of one hundred and sixty-six US nurses primarily from the Pacific Northwest responded to an online survey. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's α were used to examine validity and internal consistency, respectively, of an initial 16-item scale. RESULTS A two-factor model consisting of eight items indicated good model fit (CFI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.049, and SRMR = 0.028) and was internally consistent (Cronbach's α = 0.822). CONCLUSION RSCAN is the first US instrument to reliably measure nurses' professional knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting suspected CAN. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Future research can build upon these findings to recognize and support nurses in their mandated role to report CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winquist
- University of Colorado Anschutz, College of Nursing, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Celestina Barbosa Leiker
- Washington State University, College of Nursing, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202-231, USA.
| | - Tullamora Landis
- Washington State University, College of Nursing, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202-231, USA.
| | - Jennifer Fraser
- University of Sydney, Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Linda L Eddy
- Washington State University, College of Nursing, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Ekaterina Burduli
- Washington State University, College of Nursing, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202-231, USA.
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Udmuangpia T, Yu M, Bloom TL. Predicting intention of intimate partner violence screening among Thai nursing students: A cross‐sectional study. J Adv Nurs 2022; 79:1564-1574. [PMID: 36534395 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Using the theory of planned behaviour, the aim of this study was to examine predictors of intention to screen patients for intimate partner violence among Thai nursing students. METHODS We employed a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey study with convenience sampling of senior nursing students from across Thailand in April 2019. We administered the Intimate Partner Violence Screening Intention, Nursing Students, a 36-item tool, and analysed relationships between students' intentions and attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control towards intimate partner violence screening. PROCESS was used to test mediation analyses. RESULTS Of N = 639 respondents. Most (90%) reported intention to screen patients for intimate partner violence. Approximately 41% reported having no intimate partner violence training in their nursing school. Results of the multiple logistic analysis showed that attitudes (OR: 8.5; 95% CI 1.2-4.6) and subjective norms (OR: 4.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.6) significantly predicted intention, whereas perceived behavioural control (OR: 1.7; 95% CI 0.5-4.9) did not. Moreover, attitudes and subjective norm significantly mediated the association between providing a screening tool at clinical sites, and intention. CONCLUSIONS Attitudes and subjective norms were significant predictors of intention of intimate partner violence screening. However, participants lacked adequate role models and training. Future research should improve the predictive power of the framework by integrating additional constructs such as the availability of screening tools, the presence of role models, to design and evaluate effective training and support for future nurses to address intimate partner violence in practice. IMPACTS It is time to seriously consider integrating intimate partner violence content and training into the Thai nursing curriculum, and address the policies, guidelines, and practice culture. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The study was designed to examine predictors of intention to screen patients for intimate partner violence. Thai senior nursing students were contributed in the design and conduct of the study. However, the study did not include input from the public or the intended participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipparat Udmuangpia
- Boromarajonani College of Nursing Khon Kaen, School of Nursing Praboromarajchanok Institute Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Mansoo Yu
- Department of Public Health and School of Social Work University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Tina Lee Bloom
- School of Nursing Notre Dame of Maryland University Baltimore Maryland USA
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Rolovic JS, Bokonjic D, Masic S, Stevanovic N. Pediatricians' Attitudes Toward Child Sexual Abuse in the Republic of Srpska. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2022; 31:707-725. [PMID: 36004396 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2022.2112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) affects all cultures and sociodemographic sections. As health professionals, pediatricians are often the first line of defense when it comes to CSA identification and reporting. Our previous study examined encounters, competence, beliefs, and reporting regarding CSA among pediatricians in countries of the former Yugoslavia, Serbia, and Montenegro. Following up on this work, we expanded our research to another neighboring country, the Republic of Srpska (RS). Sixty pediatricians were surveyed in 2020, comprising 30% of all practicing pediatricians in the Republic of Srpska. Compared to their colleagues from Serbia and Montenegro, RS pediatricians revealed an increased perception that children are often abused by someone they do know well, were more confident in their abilities to detect CSA, reported a higher number of CSA cases, and were more interested in further trainings on the subject of CSA. Despite this, the level of underreporting remained high (40%). To our knowledge, this is the first study to both assess and compare CSA-related attitudes in this part of the world. Key differences between RS, other two neighboring countries as well as from other countries worldwide are likely to stem from the level of pediatricians' training and education, as well as from the socio-cultural and legislation context. Although encouraging, our data indicate a need for further research in the countries of the former Yugoslavia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dejan Bokonjic
- University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Srdjan Masic
- University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Walsh K, Eggins E, Hine L, Mathews B, Kenny MC, Howard S, Ayling N, Dallaston E, Pink E, Vagenas D. Child protection training for professionals to improve reporting of child abuse and neglect. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 7:CD011775. [PMID: 35788913 PMCID: PMC9301923 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011775.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many nations require child-serving professionals to report known or suspected cases of significant child abuse and neglect to statutory child protection or safeguarding authorities. Considered globally, there are millions of professionals who fulfil these roles, and many more who will do so in future. Ensuring they are trained in reporting child abuse and neglect is a key priority for nations and organisations if efforts to address violence against children are to succeed. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of training aimed at improving reporting of child abuse and neglect by professionals and to investigate possible components of effective training interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, 18 other databases, and one trials register up to 4 June 2021. We also handsearched reference lists, selected journals, and websites, and circulated a request for studies to researchers via an email discussion list. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and controlled before-and-after studies examining the effects of training interventions for qualified professionals (e.g. teachers, childcare professionals, doctors, nurses, and mental health professionals) to improve reporting of child abuse and neglect, compared with no training, waitlist control, or alternative training (not related to child abuse and neglect). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used methodological procedures described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We synthesised training effects in meta-analysis where possible and summarised findings for primary outcomes (number of reported cases of child abuse and neglect, quality of reported cases, adverse events) and secondary outcomes (knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards the reporting duty). We used the GRADE approach to rate the certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 11 trials (1484 participants), using data from 9 of the 11 trials in quantitative synthesis. Trials took place in high-income countries, including the USA, Canada, and the Netherlands, with qualified professionals. In 8 of the 11 trials, interventions were delivered in face-to-face workshops or seminars, and in 3 trials interventions were delivered as self-paced e-learning modules. Interventions were developed by experts and delivered by specialist facilitators, content area experts, or interdisciplinary teams. Only 3 of the 11 included studies were conducted in the past 10 years. Primary outcomes Three studies measured the number of cases of child abuse and neglect via participants' self-report of actual cases reported, three months after training. The results of one study (42 participants) favoured the intervention over waitlist, but the evidence is very uncertain (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18 to 1.43; very low-certainty evidence). Three studies measured the number of cases of child abuse and neglect via participants' responses to hypothetical case vignettes immediately after training. A meta-analysis of two studies (87 participants) favoured training over no training or waitlist for training, but the evidence is very uncertain (SMD 1.81, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.32; very low-certainty evidence). We identified no studies that measured the number of cases of child abuse and neglect via official records of reports made to child protection authorities, or adverse effects of training. Secondary outcomes Four studies measured professionals' knowledge of reporting duty, processes, and procedures postintervention. The results of one study (744 participants) may favour the intervention over waitlist for training (SMD 1.06, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.21; low-certainty evidence). Four studies measured professionals' knowledge of core concepts in all forms of child abuse and neglect postintervention. A meta-analysis of two studies (154 participants) favoured training over no training, but the evidence is very uncertain (SMD 0.68, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.01; very low-certainty evidence). Three studies measured professionals' knowledge of core concepts in child sexual abuse postintervention. A meta-analysis of these three studies (238 participants) favoured training over no training or waitlist for training, but the evidence is very uncertain (SMD 1.44, 95% CI 0.43 to 2.45; very low-certainty evidence). One study (25 participants) measured professionals' skill in distinguishing reportable and non-reportable cases postintervention. The results favoured the intervention over no training, but the evidence is very uncertain (SMD 0.94, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.77; very low-certainty evidence). Two studies measured professionals' attitudes towards the duty to report child abuse and neglect postintervention. The results of one study (741 participants) favoured the intervention over waitlist, but the evidence is very uncertain (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.76; very low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The studies included in this review suggest there may be evidence of improvements in training outcomes for professionals exposed to training compared with those who are not exposed. However, the evidence is very uncertain. We rated the certainty of evidence as low to very low, downgrading due to study design and reporting limitations. Our findings rest on a small number of largely older studies, confined to single professional groups. Whether similar effects would be seen for a wider range of professionals remains unknown. Considering the many professional groups with reporting duties, we strongly recommend further research to assess the effectiveness of training interventions, with a wider range of child-serving professionals. There is a need for larger trials that use appropriate methods for group allocation, and statistical methods to account for the delivery of training to professionals in workplace groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryann Walsh
- School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Eggins
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lorelei Hine
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ben Mathews
- School of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maureen C Kenny
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Howard
- Library Services Directorate, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natasha Ayling
- School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Pink
- School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Vagenas
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Zusman N, Saporta-Sorozon K. Organizational factors affecting nurses' tendency to report child abuse and neglect. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:601-608. [PMID: 34889475 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the factors that affect the tendency of nurses working in mother and child health clinics (MCHC) to report child abuse to the authorities. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE Three hundred and forty-one female nurses working in MCHC across Israel. MEASUREMENTS (1) Social and organizational variables; (2) the tendency to report child abuse and neglect; (3) attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect. RESULTS On average, the participants perceived that they have good collaboration with other staff members and with welfare services. They showed a favorable attitude toward reporting child abuse, but less than half (44.8%) would report child abuse suspicion to the authorities. None of the organizational variables (MCHC type, collaboration among staff, collaboration with welfare services) were correlated with the tendency to report child abuse and neglect, yet all three variables were significantly correlated with attitudes toward reporting child abuse. Nurses' attitudes toward reporting were mediated by the organizational variables. CONCLUSIONS The effect of the organizational factors on the actual tendency to report child abuse is mediated by nurses' attitude toward reporting. Organizational constraints probably encourage MCHC nurses to be cautious before reporting child abuse and neglect to the authorities, restricting adherence to the law, which requires direct reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Zusman
- Academic Nursing School, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
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Xu Y, He N, Lu W, Fluke J. Understanding factors associated with barefoot social workers' decision making in assessing and reporting child physical abuse in China. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 120:105177. [PMID: 34271341 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandatory reporting is new in China, and barefoot social workers are responsible for detecting and reporting child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE Guided by the decision-making ecology, this study examined factors associated with barefoot social workers' decision making in assessing and reporting child physical abuse in China. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS Cross-sectional data were collected from barefoot social workers (N = 1489) in a metropolitan city in Southern China. METHODS Descriptive, bivariate, and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Dependent variables were barefoot social workers' assessments of and intention to report child physical abuse in two cases. RESULTS For a less severe physical abuse case, case severity (OR = 2.78, p < .001), receiving a social worker license (OR = 1.64, p = .03), and having a reporting history (OR = 23.55, p = .03) were associated with higher odds of assessments, whereas being younger (OR = 0.97, p = .04) was associated with lower odds. For a more severe physical abuse case, case severity (OR = 3.64, p < .001) and child welfare training (OR = 2.27, p = .03) were associated with higher odds of assessments. Across two cases, case severity (Case 1: OR = 1.44, p < .001; Case 2: OR = 1.34, p < .001), assessment of whether it is abuse (Case 1: OR = 11.48, p < .001; Case 2: OR = 15.98, p < .001), impacts of reporting on the family (Case 1: OR = 1.21, p < .001; Case 2: OR = 1.25, p < .001), and perceived behavior control (Case 1: OR = 1.06, p = .01; Case 2: OR = 1.10, p = .01) were associated with higher odds of reporting. Impacts of reporting on the child (OR = 1.27, p < .001) were associated with higher odds of reporting the less severe case. Attitudes regarding punishment of offenders or victims of child abuse (OR = 1.09, p = .01) and subjective norms of reporting (OR = 1.09, p = .01) were associated with higher odds of reporting the more severe case. CONCLUSIONS This study identified factors associated with barefoot social workers' decision making in assessing and reporting child physical abuse in China. Results of this study indicate the importance of providing training to barefoot social workers on recognizing, detecting, and reporting child physical abuse. It is also important to encourage them to receive continued social work training and obtain a social work license, which may increase their confidence in decision making. Furthermore, increasing the effectiveness of mandatory reporting is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Xu
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, United States.
| | - Ning He
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, United States.
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Sociology and Anthropology Department of Social Work, Xiamen University, China.
| | - John Fluke
- Kempe Center for the Prevention of Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, United States.
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Enosh G, Alfandari R, Nouman H, Dolev L, Dascal-Weichhendler H. Assessing, Consulting, Reporting Heuristics in Professional Decision-Making Regarding Suspected Child Maltreatment in Community Healthcare Services. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2021; 26:291-301. [PMID: 32633613 DOI: 10.1177/1077559520937351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated child protection decision-making practices of healthcare-professionals in community-health-services. We examined the effect of heuristics in professional judgments regarding suspected maltreatment, as affected by the child's ethnicity, gender, and family socioeconomic-status, as well as the healthcare-worker's workload-stress, and personal and professional background. Furthermore, we examined how these variables influence judgments regarding suspected maltreatment and intentions to consult and report child-maltreatment. We used an experimental survey design including vignettes manipulating the child's characteristics. Data was collected from 412 professionals employed at various community-health-service-clinics of the largest health-management organization in northern Israel. Findings show that all subjective factors have a significant effect on suspected child-maltreatment assessment, which appears as a significant predictor of later decisions regarding consultation and reporting. This study lends support to prior research indicating that healthcare-professionals' decisions may incorporate biases, and suggests how the effects of these biases' are mediated through a sequence of decisions. Recommendations focus on providing regular consultation opportunities for practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Enosh
- School of Social Work, 26748University of Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Hani Nouman
- School of Social Work, 26748University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Lilach Dolev
- 36631Clalit Health Services, Haifa and West Galilee District, Israel
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Baker AJL, LeBlanc S, Adebayo T, Mathews B. Training for mandated reporters of child abuse and neglect: Content analysis of state-sponsored curricula. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 113:104932. [PMID: 33484982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse and neglect is a public health concern around the world, with well-established impacts and costs to children, families, and society. While mandated reporters make the majority of reports, child abuse is still under-reported and many mandated reporters fail to report known and suspected cases. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the content of US state-sponsored online mandated reporter training in order to identify gaps and need for improvement in mandated reporter training. METHODS A deductive qualitative content analysis of the publicly available curricula was conducted. Variables coded were identified through a literature review and consultation with experts. RESULTS Numerous gaps were identified in the curricula including: few trainings identified reasons why reports should be made, only about one fourth included a definition, indicators, and examples of each type of maltreatment, the average number of suggestions for responding to a disclosure made by a child was 3, and few curricula addressed barriers to reporting or the impact of reporting on the reporter. CONCLUSIONS The trainings as a whole are not providing mandated reporters with comprehensive information about definitions, examples, and indicators of the major types of childhood maltreatment. In addition, the trainings contain only limited information to motivate reporters to see their role as part of a collective endeavor to protect children, and they are failing to adequately address reluctance about reporting. However, improvements are readily achievable. A partnership approach to curriculum design and delivery is recommended to develop effective training that will promote sound reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J L Baker
- Fontana Center for Child Protection of the New York Foundling, 590 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10014, United States.
| | | | - Trinae Adebayo
- Fontana Center for Child Protection of the New York Foundling, 590 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10014, United States.
| | - Ben Mathews
- Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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Factors Associated with Nursing Students’ Intention to Report Needlestick Injuries: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior. NURSE MEDIA JOURNAL OF NURSING 2020. [DOI: 10.14710/nmjn.v10i3.31975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nursing students, like other healthcare workers, are prone to needlestick injuries. Over the years, studies have been conducted regarding needlestick injuries. However, its prevalence among Filipino nursing students’ is still not known. Also, nursing students’ intention to report needlestick injuries in the Philippines has not been explored.Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the factors associated with the intention to report needlestick injuries among nursing students applying the Theory of Planned Behavior.Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Needlestick Injuries Reporting Intention Scale (NIRIS) and was distributed among 233 senior nursing students in Iloilo City, Philippines. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation were utilized to analyze the data.Results: The results of the study revealed that 15% of nursing students had experienced a needlestick injury. However, only less than half (45.71%) of those who sustained needlestick injury reported the incident. Nursing students exhibited a positive attitude (M=5.41; SD=0.63) toward reporting needlestick injuries. They perceived a high social pressure (M=4.65; SD=0.46), high behavioral control (M=4.19; SD=0.45), and high intention (M=8.99; SD=1.15) in reporting needlestick injuries. Attitude (p=0.000), subjective norm (p=0.000), and perceived behavioral control (p=0.000) were significantly correlated with the intention to report needlestick injuries.Conclusion: This study supports the Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying factors influencing nursing students’ intention to report needlestick injuries.
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Salami S, Alhalal E. Nurses' intention to report child abuse in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 106:104514. [PMID: 32402818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse is a prevalent problem with short and long-term consequences. While most countries have enacted child abuse reporting laws, the Saudi healthcare system has not paid sufficient attention to nurses' role in the reporting of child abuse. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to 1) identify the factors associated with nurses' intention to report child abuse by testing a hypothetical model; 2) examine the patterns underlying their intention to report child abuse; and 3) investigate the differences in reporting based on clinical practice areas. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A convenience sample of 248 nurses recruited from emergency and pediatric inpatient units and primary healthcare centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was used. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data were collected using the Child Abuse Report Intention Scale and another self-report measure in February 2019. RESULTS Most nurses had not reported even one case of child abuse during their clinical practice. Knowledge about child abuse (β = .210, P = 0.000), subjective norms (β = .218, P = 0.001), and organizational support in guideline implementation (β = .138 P = 0.038) were significantly associated with the intention to report child abuse. Nurses reported a stronger intention to report child sexual abuse than other types of abuse. Clinical practice areas were significantly associated with nurses' intention to report child abuse. CONCLUSIONS Nurses' professional preparation for child abuse reporting is inadequate. The findings underscore the importance of enhancing their knowledge about child abuse and reporting laws, promoting social support, and creating an empowering clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Salami
- Ministry of Health, Jizan 86518 - 3067, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman Alhalal
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang H, Zhu G, Chen J, Lyu L, Dunne M. Factors that Influence Chinese Parents' Intentions to Use Physical Violence to Discipline Their Preschool Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051787. [PMID: 32164156 PMCID: PMC7084770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study explored factors affecting parents’ intentions to use physical violence (PV) to discipline their children in the future. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) guided selection of variables. A sample of 1337 preschool children’s parents from nine kindergartens located in a county of Henan Province, China were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. Data on parents’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control over PV, intentions to engage in PV to discipline their preschool children in the future, self-reported PV behavior toward their children during the past three months, and demographic characteristics were collected via a paper-based questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined putative predictors of parents’ intentions to use physically violent discipline. Nearly three-quarters of the sample said they definitely will not use violent discipline, while 23.4% either said they would use it, or did not rule it out. Logistic regression analysis showed that parents’ lower level of perceived behavioral control over using violence (OR 4.17; 95% CI: 2.659, 6.551), attitudes that support PV (OR 2.23; 95% CI: 1.555, 3.203), and having been physically violent with their children during the past three months (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.032, 2.556) were significantly associated with parents’ tendency either to include, or not exclude, the use of violent discipline. Parents’ subjective norms regarding PV had no significant impact on their intentions (p > 0.05). The influence of TPB constructs varied according to parents’ gender. Intervention programs that aim to reduce violent discipline should focus both on increasing parents’ perceived behavioral control over PV and changing their attitudes toward physically violent practices, especially among mothers and parents who have already used PV to discipline their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixue Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (G.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Guangrong Zhu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (G.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (G.Z.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Linjing Lyu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.W.); (G.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Michael Dunne
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
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Nouman H, Alfandari R, Enosh G, Dolev L, Daskal-Weichhendler H. Mandatory reporting between legal requirements and personal interpretations: Community healthcare professionals' reporting of child maltreatment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 101:104261. [PMID: 31918355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals working at community-based services have a crucial position in raising concerns about possible child maltreatment. Yet, barriers exist to healthcare professionals adhering to mandatory reporting rules and regulations. OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the various forms by which healthcare professionals working in community services manage mandatory reporting, their reasoning and experience with formal requirements. The study has utilized the decision-making-ecology model as a conceptual framework. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study was carried out in the largest district of the largest health-management organization in Israel, across fourteen sites located at seven cities. Eighteen healthcare professionals of various occupational groups participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews. RESULTS The results reveal that out of the of 52 recent cases that have been suspected for possible child maltreatment, only 58 % were reported as legally required. Yet, about half were reported in delay. Practitioners were more likely to report after additional evidence accumulated and increased the level of suspicion or after failing to manage the issue by other means of support. The analysis identified multiple factors that combined to impact the decision-making regarding reporting. Those were clustered around the individual case, healthcare professional, organizational setting, and external context. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the importance of workplace-environmental conditions in promoting optimal reporting behaviors, including working in multi-disciplinary teams, availability of rapid expert consultation, provision of emotional-support, and reciprocal exchange of information with child-protection-services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nouman
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Guy Enosh
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Lilach Dolev
- Deputy Medical Director Clalit Health Services, Haifa and West Galilee District 104, Hameginim St., Haifa, Israel
| | - Hagit Daskal-Weichhendler
- Department of Family Medicine Clalit Health Services, Haifa and West Galilee District 8A Dolev St., Kiryat-Tivon, Israel; Senior Clinical Lecturer (Educator), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology
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14
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Chan ACY, Cheng WL, Lin YN, Ma KW, Mark CY, Yan LC, Yim KW, Yim PY, Ho GWK. Knowledge and Perceptions of Child Protection and Mandatory Reporting: A Survey of Nurses in Hong Kong. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2020; 43:48-64. [DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2018.1561763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Y. Chan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - W. L. Cheng
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Y. N. Lin
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - K. W. Ma
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - C. Y. Mark
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - L. C. Yan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - K. W. Yim
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - P. Y. Yim
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - G. W. K. Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
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Uchitel J, Alden E, Bhutta ZA, Goldhagen J, Narayan AP, Raman S, Spencer N, Wertlieb D, Wettach J, Woolfenden S, Mikati MA. The Rights of Children for Optimal Development and Nurturing Care. Pediatrics 2019; 144:peds.2019-0487. [PMID: 31771960 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of children are subjected to abuse, neglect, and displacement, and millions more are at risk for not achieving their developmental potential. Although there is a global movement to change this, driven by children's rights, progress is slow and impeded by political considerations. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, a global comprehensive commitment to children's rights ratified by all countries in the world except the United States (because of concerns about impingement on sovereignty and parental authority), has a special General Comment on "Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood." More recently, the World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund have launched the Nurturing Care Framework for Early Childhood Development (ECD), which calls for public policies that promote nurturing care interventions and addresses 5 interrelated components that are necessary for optimal ECD. This move is also complemented by the Human Capital Project of the World Bank, providing a focus on the need for investments in child health and nutrition and their long-term benefits. In this article, we outline children's rights under international law, the underlying scientific evidence supporting attention to ECD, and the philosophy of nurturing care that ensures that children's rights are respected, protected, and fulfilled. We also provide pediatricians anywhere with the policy and rights-based frameworks that are essential for them to care for and advocate for children and families to ensure optimal developmental, health, and socioemotional outcomes. These recommendations do not necessarily reflect American Academy of Pediatrics policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Errol Alden
- International Pediatric Association and Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Goldhagen
- Division of Community and Societal Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Shanti Raman
- International Pediatrics Association Standing Committee, International Society of Social Pediatrics and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Community Pediatric, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nick Spencer
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Wertlieb
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Jane Wettach
- Duke Children's Law Clinic, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Sue Woolfenden
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and .,Early Childhood Development Standing Advisory Group, International Pediatrics Association, St Louis, Missouri
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16
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Chou IJ, Kong SS, Chung TT, See LC, Kuo CF, Lin JJ, Wang HS, Lin KL, Hung PC. Evaluation of the effect of the child protection act on serious child physical abuse in Taiwan. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 95:104066. [PMID: 31284024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the effects of the Child Protection Act on child maltreatment in Taiwan. OBJECTIVE This study estimated the secular trends in the incidence rate of physical abuse of children requiring hospitalization between 1996 and 2013, and the subsequent in-hospital death proportion before and after implementation of the Act in 2003. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The cases were children younger than 12 years old who were hospitalized due to child abuse, shaken-baby syndrome, neglect, or homicide between 1996 and 2013. A comparison group consisted of children requiring hospitalization for other reasons. We used the National Health Insurance database to identify patients. METHODS The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to estimate temporal trends in the standardized incidence rates. RESULTS Between 1996 and 2013, 2050 children required hospitalization for physical abuse. Before 2005, the annual percent change increased by 9.40 [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.98-14.00] per year, and after 2005 the annual percent change was -4.80 (95% CI, -9.53-0.17) per year. Among the 2050 physically abused children requiring hospitalization, 83 (4%) died in hospital. The in-hospital death proportion was 2.62% before 2003 and 4.90% after 2003, and the ratio of these two proportions was 1.43 (95% CI, 0.80-2.58). CONCLUSIONS The trend in the incidence of hospitalization of children due to physical-abuse-related injuries started to decline 2 years after implementation of the Child Protection Act. However, the proportion of children who died in hospital as a result of physical abuse requiring hospitalization did not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jun Chou
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Sing Kong
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chung
- Big Data Research Office, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Chu See
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Biostatistics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Big Data Research Office, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jainn-Jim Lin
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Shyong Wang
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Lin Lin
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Hung
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.
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17
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Tomlinson K, Baker C. Women's Auto/Biography and Dissociative Identity Disorder: Implications for Mental Health Practice. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2019; 40:365-387. [PMID: 28875484 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-017-9471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is an uncommon disorder that has long been associated with exposure to traumatic stressors exceeding manageable levels commonly encompassing physical, psychological and sexual abuse in childhood that is prolonged and severe in nature. In DID, dissociation continues after the traumatic experience and produces a disruption in identity where distinct personality states develop. These personalities are accompanied by variations in behaviour, emotions, memory, perception and cognition. The use of literature in psychiatry can enrich comprehension over the subjective experience of a disorder, and the utilisation of 'illness narratives' in nursing research have been considered a way of improving knowledge about nursing care and theory development. This research explores experiences of DID through close textual reading and thematic analysis of five biographical and autobiographical texts, discussing the lived experience of the disorder. This narrative approach aims to inform empathetic understanding and support the facilitation of therapeutic alliances in mental healthcare for those experiencing the potentially debilitating and distressing symptoms of DID. Although controversies surrounding the biomedical diagnosis of DID are important to consider, the lived experiences of those who mental health nurses encounter should be priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendal Tomlinson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Charley Baker
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.
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18
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Xu T, Yue Q, Wang Y, Wang S, Liu W, Huang X. Perception on risk factors of child maltreatment in China: a qualitative study among health professionals. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029071. [PMID: 31182454 PMCID: PMC6561447 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore health professionals' perception of risk factors related to child maltreatment in China. DESIGN Qualitative research. SETTING The study was conducted in November and December 2014 in Hunan, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Guangdong provinces in China. PARTICIPANTS Five urban communities and five rural communities were randomly selected in each province, and interviews were conducted in maternal and child health hospitals, children's hospitals, community health service centres and township hospitals in the selected areas. Doctors, nurses and administrators involved in child healthcare services were selected for in-depth-interview. RESULTS A total of 102 health professionals were approached but 95 completed the interview. From their perspective, risk factors causing child maltreatment were categorised into four domains: (1) cultural factors, including parents' absolute authority over their children and son preference; (2) social factors, including a fast-paced and stressful lifestyle, children left behind by migrant worker parents and lack of quality child care and education; (3) family factors, including economic status, family structure, parents' inability to provide parental care, experience of maltreatment and parents' illnesses; (4) children's factors, including gender, temper, disabilities and poor awareness of self-protection. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that health professionals in China are aware of certain risk factors for child maltreatment; however, some views are outdated and wrong. Based on the perception of health professionals, targeted training courses are needed to enable them to correctly identify and deal with suspected cases of child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Liu
- School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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19
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Gkentzi D, Panagopoulou K, Sinopidis X, Karatza A, Dimitriou G. Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals on child abuse in Greece. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:310-311. [PMID: 30785230 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Gkentzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Panagopoulou
- Department of Social Services, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Xenophon Sinopidis
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ageliki Karatza
- Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Gabriel Dimitriou
- Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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20
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Einboden R, Rudge T, Varcoe C. Beyond and around mandatory reporting in nursing practice: Interrupting a series of deferrals. Nurs Inq 2019; 26:e12285. [PMID: 30801853 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nurses are well positioned to contribute to child protection efforts but are underutilised. This paper describes a critical discursive analysis of nursing responses to child neglect and abuse (CN&A) in British Columbia, Canada. Legal and practice guidelines were analysed alongside nurse interview texts, offering a glimpse into how nurses prevent CN&A in their everyday practice with families. Results show how the primacy of mandatory reporting to child protection authorities coordinates a series of deferrals and how nurses engage with and interrupt these deferrals in everyday practice. Nurses' relational approaches are essential to gain access to the private sphere of the family to assess, plan, elicit cooperation with interventions and monitor the situation. They considered reporting to be one among many possible responses. This study highlights how nursing contributions to prevention are largely overlooked and points to the potential for a more significant role for nurses in a public health approach to child protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Einboden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trudy Rudge
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colleen Varcoe
- The University of British Columbia School of Nursing, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Teachers’ Intention to Report Child Maltreatment: Testing Theoretically Derived Predictions. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Konijnendijk AAJ, Boere-Boonekamp MM, Haasnoot ME, Need A. Professionals' preferences and experiences with inter-organizational consultation to assess suspicions of child abuse and neglect. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 88:58-70. [PMID: 30447503 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the following questions in cases of suspected child abuse and neglect (CAN) in children up to four years of age: 1) How many professionals intend to seek inter-organizational consultation? 2) What types of organizations do professionals prefer to consult? and 3) What factors can be identified as facilitator(s) or barrier(s) regarding inter-organizational consultation, based on professionals' experiences? Professionals working with children in 101 organizations in a medium-sized Dutch city were invited to fill in an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included a vignette about a suspected case. Quantitative, qualitative, and social network analysis approaches were used to analyze the data. Seventy-eight questionnaires were available for analysis. Fifty-five respondents (71%) intended to seek inter-organizational consultation. Ten different organization types were mentioned. The most frequently mentioned organization was preventive child healthcare. In total, 82 text fragments from 39 participants were available to analyze barriers and facilitators to inter-organizational consultation, 60 fragments that entailed a facilitator and 22 fragments that entailed a barrier. The text fragments were subdivided into twelve factors. The three factors that were most often identified as a facilitator were 'support', 'undertaking action', and 'regard'. Barriers were found in relation to all twelve factors. No specific barrier(s) stood out. This study demonstrated that most professionals are inclined to seek inter-organizational consultation when they suspect CAN. They are especially likely to seek consultation from preventive child health care organizations. Their experiences mainly revealed facilitators and few barriers. The implications for research and practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke A J Konijnendijk
- Departments of Health Technology and Services Research, and Public Administration, Institute of Innovation and Governance Studies, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Magda M Boere-Boonekamp
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Institute of Innovation and Governance Studies, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Maria E Haasnoot
- Department of Preventive Child Healthcare, Municipal Health Service GGD Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ariana Need
- Department of Public Administration, Institute of Innovation and Governance Studies, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Sekhar DL, Kraschnewski JL, Stuckey HL, Witt PD, Francis EB, Moore GA, Morgan PL, Noll JG. Opportunities and challenges in screening for childhood sexual abuse. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 85:156-163. [PMID: 28807480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Retrospective studies suggest 1 in 4 girls and 1 in 6 boys will experience sexual abuse before 18 years of age, resulting in future morbidity. Successful interventions exist, however, victims are reluctant to disclose. Screening for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) may provide an opportunity to overcome this barrier, yet no current model for universal CSA screening exists. We sought to understand the perspective of key stakeholders on CSA screening through qualitative research. Eight focus groups of 7-10 participants each (n=62) were conducted from April-September 2016. Stakeholders included school nurses, school teachers, counselors and administrators, pediatric providers, and parents. The interview guide focused on reporting suspected CSA and impressions of a CSA screening tool. Sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. Researchers used qualitative content analysis to develop conceptual categories that related to CSA screening and reporting. Two research team members independently open-coded 20% of the data for interrater reliability (kappa=0.98) prior to completing the coding process. Three major categories emerged to inform CSA screening. First, early screening (e.g. kindergarten) was preferred. Confidentiality was a concern, specifically privacy in the school-setting. As CSA perpetrators are often known to the child, parental presence in the medical office was also a concern. Finally, refinement of the screening process was discussed starting with routine education on safe touch and defining "normal." Rather than direct questioning, consistent and repeated offering of opportunities to disclose CSA and identification of a trusted adult were suggested. Next steps should involve partnering with evidence-based CSA prevention programs to incorporate and evaluate the aforementioned elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa L Sekhar
- Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Kraschnewski
- Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States; Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States; Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Heather L Stuckey
- Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States; Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States; Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Pamela D Witt
- Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Erica B Francis
- Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Ginger A Moore
- Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.
| | - Paul L Morgan
- Education Policy Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.
| | - Jennie G Noll
- Health and Human Development, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.
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24
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Mwakanyamale AA, Wande DP, Yizhen Y. Multi-type child maltreatment: prevalence and its relationship with self-esteem among secondary school students in Tanzania. BMC Psychol 2018; 6:35. [PMID: 30041688 PMCID: PMC6057002 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-018-0244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is becoming predominantly multi-type in nature. Studies report that multi-type child maltreatment is associated with low self-esteem in adolescence and adulthood. There is a lack of published studies in Tanzania regarding multi-type child maltreatment and its relationship with self-esteem in adolescence. This study investigates the prevalence of multi-type child maltreatment and its relationship with self-esteem among secondary school students in Tanzania. METHODS A cross-sectional, community-based study of secondary school students was conducted in randomly selected secondary schools in Tanzania. A multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to obtain the required number of study participants. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire were used to measure the variables under investigation in the study. A total of 1000 participants (M: F ratio = 1.2:1) were studied. The mean age at presentation was 16.24 ± 7.36 years. The modal age group was 16-18 years (54.2%). RESULTS The prevalence of multi-type child maltreatment was 97.6%. The prevalence of physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect emotional abuse and sexual abuse was 82.1, 26.2, 51.9, 21.8 and 24.7%, respectively. Females reported a higher prevalence of physical abuse (84.3%), physical neglect (28.0%) and sexual abuse (26.2%) than their male counterparts. Emotional abuse (53.3%) was reported more often by males. In terms of ACE, participants were classified as having zero (2.4%), one (22.4%), two (20.3%), three (18.2%), four (14.7%), five (12.8%) and over five (9.2%) types of maltreatment. With regard to multi-type child maltreatment, emotional abuse (X2 = 2.925, p = 0.001), emotional neglect (X2 = 2.329, p = 0.032), physical neglect (X2 = 22.508, p < 0.001) and physical abuse (X2 = 6.722, p = 0.036) were significantly associated with low self-esteem. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates that multi-type child maltreatment exists in Tanzania and has adversely affected self-esteem among secondary school students. We believe that this study has significantly added to the body of literature on child maltreatment by investigating exposure to 10 types of ACEs as opposed to single types, as the majority of previous studies have investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela A Mwakanyamale
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Dickson P Wande
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations road, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yu Yizhen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
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El Tantawi M, Gaffar B, Arheiam A, AbdelAziz W, Al-Batayneh OB, Alhoti MF, Al-Maweri S, Dama MA, Zaghez M, Hassan KS, Al-Sane M, AbdelSalam M, Sabbah W, Owais AI, Abdelgawad F, Aldhelai TA, El Meligy OAES, AlHumaid J, Al-Harbi F. Dentists' intention to report suspected violence: a cross-sectional study in eight Arab countries. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019786. [PMID: 29602845 PMCID: PMC5884375 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed dentists' intention in eight Arab countries to report suspected exposure to violence among patients and factors associated with this intention based on the theory of planned behaviour. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 including a convenience sample of dentists practising in public, private and academic sectors in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Respondents answered a self-administered questionnaire collecting information about personal and professional background and perceived ability to identify victims of violence. The questionnaire assessed (on a scale from 1 to 10 using six negative statements) dentists' perception of healthcare system mandated reporting of suspected violence. Six statements were used to assess professional attitude towards reporting suspected violence. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between intention to report suspected violence and perceived ability, perception and attitude adjusting for confounders. RESULTS The response rate was 65.2% (n=2936/4506) from general practitioners (70.9%) of mean age=31 years with 56.7% women. Of those, 68.8% intended to report and 52.2% considered themselves able to identify violence victims. The mean (SD) negative perception score=5.3/10 (2.1) and the mean (SD) professional attitude score=7.5/10 (1.9). In multivariate regression, intention to report was associated with professional attitude (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.14), ability to identify violence victims (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.12) and negative perception that reporting is not mandated (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.94). Significant differences existed among countries in intention to report. CONCLUSION Most dentists intended to report suspected violence and their intention could be explained by the theory of planned behaviour which offers a framework for professional development to support violence victims. Sharing of training resources, policies and guidelines is needed to ensure that practices similar to international guidelines are consistently adopted by dentists across Arab countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Wafaa AbdelAziz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | - Mai A Dama
- Department of Paedodontics and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Arab American University of Jenin, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Mounir Zaghez
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Annaba University (BADJI Mokhtar), Annaba, Algeria
| | - Khalid Saddiq Hassan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, AlAzhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona Al-Sane
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maha AbdelSalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Department of Population and Patient Health, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Arwa I Owais
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fatma Abdelgawad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Omar Abd El Sadek El Meligy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan AlHumaid
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Lee HM, Kim JS. Predictors of Intention of Reporting Child Abuse among Emergency Nurses. J Pediatr Nurs 2018; 38:e47-e52. [PMID: 29137839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study investigates predictors of intention of reporting child abuse among emergency nurses in Korea. DESIGN AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected from 200 emergency nurses in eight general hospitals in Korea through a questionnaire that asked about their general characteristics, knowledge about child abuse, perceived behavioral control, experiences of child abuse cases and reporting, and attitude toward child abuse. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis indicated that attitude toward child abuse was the most influential predictor of the intention of reporting child abuse among Korea's emergency nurses. Knowledge about child abuse, and perceived behavioral control were also significant influencing predictors of reporting intention. These variables explained 22.1% of the variances in the intention of reporting child abuse among emergency nurses. CONCLUSIONS Reporting child abuse has not yet been established as a professional responsibility among Korea's emergency nurses. Increasing the level of awareness of the characteristics of child abuse and encouraging communication among nurses about the responsibility to report suspected child abuse will increase nurses' confidence to report. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Training for reporting child abuse should be implemented in the near future to improve emergency nurses' understanding of child abuse. A support program is also needed to help emergency nurses build confidence in reporting child abuse as a professional responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Mi Lee
- Emergency Department, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Yue Q, Wang S, Wang H, Jiang J, Gong L, Liu W, Huang X, Xu T. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of healthcare professionals regarding child maltreatment in China. Child Care Health Dev 2017; 43:869-875. [PMID: 28809059 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new, recently issued national law and regulation in China conferred the responsibility of healthcare professionals in child maltreatment intervention. However, few studies have reported on the recognition and reporting of child maltreatment by healthcare professionals in China. The aim of this study was to assess healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and self-perceived behaviour in terms of identifying, assessing, and reporting child maltreatment cases in China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 877 healthcare professionals from four provinces was conducted using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS The respondents demonstrated insufficient knowledge on identifying potential child maltreatment cases. Over 30% of them were less than confident in the medical examination, evaluation, and treatment of child maltreatment cases, especially with regard to cases involving sexual abuse. Only 3.19% of respondents had ever received training on child maltreatment intervention, and as a result, lack of knowledge with regard to dealing with child maltreatment cases, referral procedures, and regulations was indicated to be the main cause of underreporting. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare professionals in China have insufficient knowledge, skills, and confidence when it comes to dealing with all aspects of child maltreatment. Although participants reported a positive attitude towards their role in detecting and reporting child maltreatment cases, there are obstacles that hinder them from doing so. Appropriate training courses should be developed to empower professionals with knowledge and skills, as well as increase their confidence in dealing with suspected child maltreatment cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Q Yue
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - H Wang
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - J Jiang
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - L Gong
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - W Liu
- School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - T Xu
- Child Health Care Department, National Center for Women and Children's Health, China CDC, Beijing, China
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28
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David Morgan L, Spargo D. School nurses' perceptions of undergraduate children's nursing safeguarding education. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.12968/bjsn.2017.12.5.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Llewellyn David Morgan
- SCPHN (School Nursing), lecturer in children's nursing, Children and Young People's Nursing Team, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea
| | - Dwynwen Spargo
- Senior lecturer, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales
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Mathews B, Yang C, Lehman EB, Mincemoyer C, Verdiglione N, Levi BH. Educating early childhood care and education providers to improve knowledge and attitudes about reporting child maltreatment: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177777. [PMID: 28542285 PMCID: PMC5438118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood care and education providers (CCPs) work with over 7 million young children. These children are vulnerable to physical, sexual and emotional abuse, and neglect. However, CCPs make less than 1% of all reports of suspected child abuse and neglect that are made to child protective services. CCPs are therefore an untapped resource in the public health response to child maltreatment. However, their knowledge and attitudes about duties to report child maltreatment are poorly understood. Moreover, no rigorous research has tested whether their knowledge and attitudes about reporting child maltreatment can be improved. These gaps in knowledge are important because knowledge of the duty and positive attitudes towards it produce more effective reporting, and little evidence exists about how to enhance cognitive and affective attributes. Using the CONSORT approach, we report a single-blind test-retest randomized controlled trial evaluating iLook Out for Child Abuse, a customized online educational intervention for CCPs to increase knowledge and attitudes towards the reporting duty. 762 participants were randomized with results analyzed for 741 participants (372 in the intervention group; 369 in the control). Knowledge of the reporting duty increased in the intervention group from 13.54 to 16.19 out of 21 (2.65 increase, 95% CI: (2.37, 2.93); large effect size 0.95, p < 0.001); the control group remained stable, moving from 13.54 to 13.59 (0.05 increase, 95% CI: (-0.12, 0.22); negligible effect size 0.03, p = 0.684). Attitudes were enhanced on all 13 items for the intervention group, remaining stable in the control, with significant differences between groups on all items (p < 0.05). Gains were largely sustained at four month follow-up. Findings support education for CCPs and other professions. Future research should also explore effects of education on reporting behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION US National Institutes of Health NCT02225301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Mathews
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chengwu Yang
- College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, & Office for Scholarship in Learning and Education Research (OSLER), Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Erik B. Lehman
- College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Claudia Mincemoyer
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology and Education, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Nicole Verdiglione
- Pediatric Clinical Research Office, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin H. Levi
- College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States of America
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30
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Dahlbo M, Jakobsson L, Lundqvist P. Keeping the child in focus while supporting the family: Swedish child healthcare nurses experiences of encountering families where child maltreatment is present or suspected. J Child Health Care 2017; 21:103-111. [PMID: 29156965 DOI: 10.1177/1367493516686200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment can lead to acute and long-term consequences, and it is important that at-risk children are identified early. Child healthcare (CHC) nurses in Sweden are in a position to identify child maltreatment, as they follow children and their parents from the child's birth to school age. Therefore, the aim was to describe CHC nurses' experiences when encountering families in which child maltreatment was identified or suspected. Individual open interviews with eight CHC nurses were performed and analysed using a qualitative content analysis. Findings revealed that keeping the child in focus, while supporting the family was essential for the nurses. This family-centred approach was assumed to benefit the child's interests. Meeting families where child maltreatment was identified or suspected influenced the nurses, emotionally in different ways. Nevertheless, it was important to keep an open mind and communication build on honesty. Furthermore, the nurses requested professional supervision in order to help them learn from the situation ahead of the next time. This knowledge about CHC nurses' experiences may form a basis for the development of interventions that aim to support the CHC nurses in their professional role, and thereby improve support to children and parents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Dahlbo
- 1 Department of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Jakobsson
- 1 Department of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Pia Lundqvist
- 2 Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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31
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Barrett E, Denieffe S, Bergin M, Gooney M. An exploration of paediatric nurses’ views of caring for infants who have suffered nonaccidental injury. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:2274-2285. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barrett
- Paediatric Unit; Cork University Hospital; Wilton Cork Ireland
| | - Suzanne Denieffe
- Department of Nursing and Health Care; Waterford Institute of Technology; Waterford Ireland
| | - Michael Bergin
- Department of Nursing and Health Care; Waterford Institute of Technology; Waterford Ireland
| | - Martina Gooney
- Department of Nursing and Health Care; Waterford Institute of Technology; Waterford Ireland
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32
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Pelletier HL, Knox M. Incorporating Child Maltreatment Training into Medical School Curricula. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2017; 10:267-274. [PMID: 29026450 PMCID: PMC5610670 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-016-0096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The Child Advocacy Studies Training (CAST) program has been implemented at the graduate and undergraduate levels, but has not been incorporated in medical school training. This study examines the efficacy of a modified version of the CAST program that is tailored to meet the educational needs of medical students. A total sample of 75 first year medical students (57 at 6 month follow-up) participated in the study and completed analogue vignettes depicting cases of maltreatment. It was hypothesized that, relative to the comparison group, students who completed CAST training would demonstrate better accuracy at identifying and reporting maltreatment. Results indicated that CAST students demonstrated improved accuracy at the conclusion of the CAST program and 6 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Pelletier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brown University/Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Michele Knox
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
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33
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Lines LE, Hutton AE, Grant J. Integrative review: nurses' roles and experiences in keeping children safe. J Adv Nurs 2016; 73:302-322. [PMID: 27509334 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify nurses' role and experiences of keeping children safe. BACKGROUND Approaches to preventing, identifying and responding to child abuse and neglect have moved towards a multidisciplinary approach where all professionals are expected to contribute to the goal of keeping children safe. Frequently in contact with children and families, nurses well positioned to contribute to keeping children safe from abuse and neglect. Much has been published around nurses' experiences of their role in keeping children safe, but this literature has not yet been synthesized to determine the challenges and potential scope of this role. DESIGN Integrative review following an Integrative Review framework. DATA SOURCES Studies were identified through a search of the electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Informit to identify literature published between 2005-2015. REVIEW METHODS All the studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme. Data from each study were extracted and categorized according to the review aims and the study's major findings. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met in 60 studies. Three main findings were identified including nurses' insufficient knowledge, need for validation and improved communication and balancing surveillance and support for vulnerable families. CONCLUSIONS Nurses have many roles and experiences in keeping children safe but often felt they did not have the knowledge, skills and support to take action in this area. Further research is needed to understand why nurses feel inadequate and disempowered to advocate and intervene on the behalf of children at risk of abuse or neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Lines
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison E Hutton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julian Grant
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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34
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Lee PY, Chou FH. A training programme for Taiwan nurses to improve child abuse reporting. J Clin Nurs 2016; 26:2297-2306. [PMID: 27329354 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To design a training programme for nurses and evaluate the effectiveness of the training programme in improving the nurses' self-efficacy in reporting cases of child abuse and neglect. BACKGROUND The problem of child abuse and neglect cases has become prevalent throughout numerous countries. Previous studies have found that more than 70% of Taiwanese nurses considered that they required child abuse and neglect training. Moreover, a training programme for child abuse and neglect reporting based on self-efficacy theory in clinical practice has been developed previously. METHODS A quasi-experimental research design was implemented. The study participants comprised 80 clinical nurses: 40 in an experimental group and 40 in a control group; the pretest, post-test and follow-up results were compared between the groups. Moreover, an analysis of covariance was applied to test the effectiveness of a nurse child abuse and neglect training programme after controlling for the effects of age, marital status and working years. The experimental and control groups were compared according to their scores on each self-efficacy subscale. RESULTS The experimental and control groups differed significantly regarding the outcome measures of all six subscales of child abuse and neglect reporting self-efficacy between the pretest and post-test. Therefore, the results supported the hypothesis that nurse self-efficacy in reporting child abuse and neglect cases would improve after completing the Child Abuse and Neglect Training Program for Nurses. CONCLUSION The Child Abuse and Neglect Training Program for Nurses is an appropriate training programme for improving nurse competence and confidence in reporting suspected child abuse and neglect cases. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study is relevant to clinical practice because it clarifies a relationship between nurses' self-efficacy and reporting behaviour. It also highlights the importance and effectiveness of the training programme Child Abuse and Neglect Training Program for Nurses in improving nurses' reporting behaviour for child abuse and neglect cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Lee
- College of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hao Chou
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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35
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Singh S, Knox M, Pelletier H. Exploratory factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Healthcare Provider Attitudes Toward Child Maltreatment Reporting Scale. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2016.1193807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Singh
- Department of Health and Recreation Professions, College of Health Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Michele Knox
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Heather Pelletier
- Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
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36
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Marcinkowska U, Tyrała K, Paniczek M, Ledwoń M, Jośko-Ochojska J. Evaluation of knowledge regarding shaken baby syndrome among parents and medical staff. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2016; 73:35-41. [PMID: 27271041 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.16.04522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shaken baby syndrome (SBS), currently functioning as abusive head trauma (AHT), is a form of violence against children mainly under 2 years of age. The number of SBS might be underestimated, as many cases of violence remain unreported. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the state knowledge of the SBS phenomenon, its scale and diagnostic methods among parents, medical staff and medical students. METHODS A total of 639 people were examined: 39% of parents, 32.5% of medical staff members, and 28.5% of medical students; 82% were women. The average age was 34.9±9.78 years, and 70% of them had children. The research tool was an anonymous survey. The 34 questions concerned numerous aspects of violence against children as well as knowledge about SBS. RESULTS According to 90% of the interviewees shaking a baby may be dangerous but 43% have never heard about shaken baby syndrome. Eighty-eight percent of responders stated that "SBS is a form of violence," but only 57% realize that one-time shaking can lead to death and only 19% indicated men as aggressors. Sixteen percent of medical staff members did not know how long it takes for the consequences of shaking a baby to be revealed. CONCLUSIONS Majority of the medical staff members working with children have never heard about SBS. Only half of the surveyed understands the connection of shaking with vision loss or child's death. Among the long-term consequences of shaking a baby, the greatest knowledge concerns emotional consequences of shaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Marcinkowska
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kinga Tyrała
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland -
| | - Monika Paniczek
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Martyna Ledwoń
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Jośko-Ochojska
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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37
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Cho KM, Kim EJ. Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceived Behavior Control and Intention to Report Cases of Child Abuse. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2016.22.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Gray J, Cadieux A, Sweeney B, Beck AR, Edgar S, Eneli I, Getzoff Testa E, Paguio K, Santos M, Ward WL. Medical neglect and pediatric obesity: Insights from tertiary care obesity treatment programs. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2016.1163488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Gray
- Dell Children’s Medical Center, Texas Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity, Austin, TX
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Adelle Cadieux
- Healthy Weight Center, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Brooke Sweeney
- Weight Management Program, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO
| | - Amy R. Beck
- Weight Management Program, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO
| | - Susan Edgar
- Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Ihuoma Eneli
- Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Elizabeth Getzoff Testa
- Department of Psychology, Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital/Weigh Smart Program, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kristi Paguio
- Healthy Weight Center, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI
- Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Melissa Santos
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
- The Institute of Living, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT
| | - Wendy L. Ward
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, AR
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Poreddi V, Pashapu DR, Kathyayani BV, Gandhi S, El-Arousy W, Math SB. Nursing students' knowledge of child abuse and neglect in India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 25:264-8. [DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2016.25.5.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Poreddi
- Clinical Instructor, College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, (Institute of National Importance), Bangalore, India
| | | | - BV Kathyayani
- Professor and Principal, College of Nursing National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences (Institute of National Importance), Bangalore, India
| | - SaiLaxmi Gandhi
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (Institute of National Importance), Bangalore, India
| | - Wafaa El-Arousy
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, King Saud Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Bada Math
- Additional Professor, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (Institute of National Importance), Bangalore, India
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Konijnendijk AAJ, Boere-Boonekamp MM, Fleuren MAH, Haasnoot ME, Need A. What factors increase Dutch child health care professionals' adherence to a national guideline on preventing child abuse and neglect? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 53:118-127. [PMID: 26687328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Guidelines to support health care professionals in early detection of, and responses to, suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) have become increasingly widely available. Yet little is known about professionals' adherence to these guidelines or the determinants that affect their uptake. This study used a cross-sectional design to assess the adherence of Dutch Child Health Care (CHC) professionals to seven key activities described in a national guideline on preventing CAN. This study also examined the presence and strengths of determinants of guideline adherence. Online questionnaires were filled in between May and July 2013 by 164 CHC professionals. Adherence was defined as the extent to which professionals performed each of seven key activities when they suspected CAN. Thirty-three determinants were measured in relation to the guideline, the health professional, the organisational context and the socio-political context. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses tested associations between determinants and guideline adherence. Most of the responding CHC professionals were aware of the guideline and its content (83.7%). Self-reported rates of full adherence varied between 19.5% and 42.7%. Stronger habit to use the guideline was the only determinant associated with higher adherence rates in the multivariate analysis. Understanding guideline adherence and associated determinants is essential for developing implementation strategies that can stimulate adherence. Although CHC professionals in this sample were aware of the guideline, they did not always adhere to its key recommended activities. To increase adherence, tailored interventions should primarily focus on enhancing habit strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke A J Konijnendijk
- Institute for Innovation and Governance Studies, Departments of Public Administration, and Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Magda M Boere-Boonekamp
- Institute for Innovation and Governance Studies, Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Margot A H Fleuren
- TNO, Department of Life Style, P.O. Box 3305, 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria E Haasnoot
- Municipal Health Service GGD Twente, Department of Preventive Child Health Care, P.O. Box 1400, 7500 BK, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ariana Need
- Institute for Innovation and Governance Studies, Department of Public Administration, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Cho OH, Cha KS, Yoo YS. Awareness and Attitudes Towards Violence and Abuse among Emergency Nurses. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2015; 9:213-8. [PMID: 26412625 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study identifies degree of awareness and legal knowledge about overall abuse and violence, and investigates attitudes towards domestic violence in emergency nurses. METHODS The data collection period was between August and December 2012 for 131 nurses who worked in the emergency center of five hospitals in South Korea. This study surveyed emergency nurses about the recognition of abuse and violence, the legal knowledge of abuse and violence, and the attitudes towards domestic violence. RESULTS This study showed that approximately 60.0% of participants experienced incidents of suspected abuse or violence, but the reporting rates were low. Of all the participants, 70.2% knew that they must report the discovery of abuse or violent incidents, but 45.0% did not know that if someone who had duty to report but did not report that he/she had a legal responsibility. Most emergency nurses agreed that "even if the domestic violence is severe it should not be suggested to victims that they run away, leaving children at home", and "perpetrators are patients who need treatment." CONCLUSIONS Appropriate awareness about abuse and violence, and systematic education are required for emergency nurses so that they can provide appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Hee Cho
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sook Cha
- Department of Nursing Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Yang-Sook Yoo
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Silva-Oliveira F, Ferreira e Ferreira E, Mattos FDF, Ribeiro MTDF, Cota LODM, Vale MP, Zarzar PM. [Cross-cultural adaptation and reproducibility of a questionnaire to assess the knowledge and attitude of health professionals in cases of child physical abuse]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 19:917-29. [PMID: 24714906 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232014193.01322013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to conduct cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate the reproducibility of a questionnaire designed by a team from the University of London to assess knowledge and attitudes of health professionals during primary care when faced with cases of child physical abuse. The translation rigorously followed the criteria described by Herdman (1998), to maintain maximum functional equivalence. The adapted questionnaire was tested on 107 health care professionals from Belo Horizonte. Standard and Weighted Kappa tests were used to evaluate the reproducibility of the instrument. Most of the questions achieved Kappa test values above 80% (excellent). The Brazilian version of the questionnaire was, therefore, adapted and had proven reproducibility.
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Mathews B, Walsh K, Coe S, Kenny MC, Vagenas D. Child protection training for professionals to improve reporting of child abuse and neglect. Hippokratia 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Mathews
- Queensland University of Technology; Faculty of Law, Australian Centre for Health Law Research; GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Queensland Australia 4001
| | - Kerryann Walsh
- Queensland University of Technology; Faculty of Education; Victoria Park Road Brisbane Queensland Australia 4059
| | - Sandra Coe
- Queensland University of Technology; Faculty of Law; GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Queensland Australia 4004
| | - Maureen C Kenny
- Florida International University; College of Education; University Park Miami Florida USA 33199
| | - Dimitrios Vagenas
- Queensland University of Technology; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; 60 Musk Avenue Kelvin Grove Brisbane Queensland Australia 4059
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Feng JY, Chang YT, Chang HY, Fetzer S, Wang JD. Prevalence of different forms of child maltreatment among Taiwanese adolescents: a population-based study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 42:10-19. [PMID: 25477233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reported cases of child maltreatment are increasing in Taiwan. Yet, comprehensive epidemiological characteristics of adolescents' exposure over the wide spectrum of violence are still lacking. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and magnitude of child maltreatment among Taiwanese adolescents. A population-based study was conducted with 5,276 adolescents aged 12-18 from 35 schools in 17 cities and townships to determine the prevalence of five forms of child maltreatment in Taiwan. A total of 5,236 adolescents completed anonymous, self-report, structured questionnaires. Most adolescents (91%, n=4,788) experienced at least one form of maltreatment with 83% (n=4,347) exposed during the previous year. Violence exposure was the most common type of child maltreatment experienced, followed by psychological abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. Adolescents reported an average of 7.4 (SD=5.87) victimizations over their lifetime and 4.8 (SD=4.82) victimizations during the past year. Females reported a higher rate of neglect, while males reported a higher rate of sexual abuse. Most of the sexual abuse perpetrators were known by their victims. Adolescents' victimization and polyvictimization from child maltreatment in Taiwan deserves a review and modification of national control and prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ying Feng
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chang
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Susan Fetzer
- Department of Nursing, University of New Hampshire, NH, USA
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chen YW, Huang JJ, Lu TH, Feng JY. Clinical competency in child maltreatment for community nurses in Taiwan. Int J Nurs Pract 2015; 21 Suppl 1:21-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Nursing; National Cheng Kung University Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Joh-Jong Huang
- Department of Family Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsueh Lu
- Institute of Public Health; College of Medicine; National Chen Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ying Feng
- Department of Nursing; National Cheng Kung University and Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
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Konijnendijk AAJ, Boere-Boonekamp MM, Haasnoot-Smallegange RME, Need A. A qualitative exploration of factors that facilitate and impede adherence to child abuse prevention guidelines in Dutch preventive child health care. J Eval Clin Pract 2014; 20:417-24. [PMID: 24814668 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES In the Netherlands, evidence-based child abuse prevention (CAP) guidelines have been developed to support child health care professionals (CHPs) in recognizing and responding to suspected child abuse. The aim of this study was to identify factors related to characteristics of the guidelines, the user, the organization and the socio-political context that facilitate or impede adherence to the CAP guidelines. METHODS Three semi-structured focus groups including 14 CHPs working in one large Dutch child health care organization were conducted in January and February 2012. Participants were asked questions about the dissemination of the guidelines, adherence to their key recommendations and factors that impeded or facilitated desired working practices. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Impeding and facilitating factors were identified and classified. An innovation framework was used to guide the research. RESULTS CHPs mentioned 24 factors that facilitated or impeded adherence to the CAP guidelines. Most of these factors were related to characteristics of the user. Familiarity with the content of the guidelines, a supportive working environment and good inter-agency cooperation were identified as facilitating factors. Impeding factors included lack of willingness of caregivers to cooperate, low self-efficacy and poor inter-agency cooperation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that a broad variety of factors may influence CHPs' (non-)adherence to the CAP guidelines. Efforts to improve implementation of the guidelines should focus on improving familiarity with their contents, enhancing self-efficacy, promoting intra-agency cooperation, supporting professionals in dealing with uncooperative parents and improving inter-agency cooperation. Recommendations for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke A J Konijnendijk
- Departments of Health Technology and Services Research, Public Administration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Ben-Natan M, Sharon I, Barbashov P, Minasyan Y, Hanukayev I, Kajdan D, Klein-Kremer A. Risk factors for child abuse: quantitative correlational design. J Pediatr Nurs 2014; 29:220-7. [PMID: 24263252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research study is to identify risk factors typical of different types of suspected child abuse reported at a hospital. The study was based on 114 cases of children for whom some type of abuse was reported. Physical abuse was the most frequently reported of all types of suspected child abuse. Most victims of sexual abuse were female and at least half the cases of neglect and physical abuse were attributed to parents. Most cases were identified in the emergency room by nurses. Children older than 10 were more susceptible to physical abuse and neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Ben-Natan
- Pat Matthews Academic School of Nursing, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel; Department of Nursing, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ira Sharon
- Pat Matthews Academic School of Nursing, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Polina Barbashov
- Pat Matthews Academic School of Nursing, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Yulia Minasyan
- Pat Matthews Academic School of Nursing, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Isabella Hanukayev
- Pat Matthews Academic School of Nursing, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - David Kajdan
- Pat Matthews Academic School of Nursing, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Adi Klein-Kremer
- Head of Pediatric Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
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Ben Natan M, Faour C, Naamhah S, Grinberg K, Klein-Kremer A. Factors affecting medical and nursing staff reporting of child abuse. Int Nurs Rev 2012; 59:331-7. [PMID: 22897183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.00988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the current research was to examine whether the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) succeeds in predicting nursing and medical staff reporting of suspected child abuse. BACKGROUND Despite the rising incidence of child abuse in Israel, medical and nursing staff reports of suspected child abuse remain low. METHODS This descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study was based on TPB. The Child Abuse Report Intention Scale questionnaire was administered to 143 nurses and 42 doctors who work with children in various departments of a central Israeli hospital and in a large affiliated community-based clinic. Descriptive, correlational and linear regression statistics were calculated. RESULTS Objection to child abuse, views of professional responsibility on this issue, degree of self-control and subjective beliefs, affect reporting of suspected child abuse. Differences in reporting are evident between doctors and nurses and also between medical and nursing staff from the Arab and Jewish sectors. Doctors report more than nurses and Jewish staff members report more than their Arab colleagues. Medical and nursing staff's number of own children has a direct effect on their inclination to report child abuse. CONCLUSIONS The TPB model succeeds in partly predicting medical and nursing staff reporting of suspected child abuse. This model can serve as a basis for intervention plans aimed at developing medical and nursing simulations of coping with conflict issues involving child abuse in an attempt to eradicate and treat inadequate reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ben Natan
- Pat Matthews Academic School of Nursing, Pediatric Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
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Chiang WL, Huang YT, Feng JY, Lu TH. Incidence of hospitalization due to child maltreatment in Taiwan, 1996-2007: a nationwide population-based study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2012; 36:135-141. [PMID: 22405478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known regarding the epidemiology of child maltreatment in Asian countries. This study aimed to examine the incidence of hospitalization coded as due to child maltreatment in Taiwan. METHODS We used inpatient claims data of the National Health Insurance for the years 1996 through 2007 for estimation. Hospitalization of children aged 0-12 years with an ICD-9-CM code 995.5 "maltreatment syndrome" or E960-E969 "assault" in the main or secondary discharge diagnosis in claims data was defined as hospitalization due to child maltreatment. Poisson regression was used to examine the trends. RESULTS A total of 1,726 children with 1,780 hospitalizations due to child maltreatment were identified during 1996-2007. The averaged annual incidence over 1996-2007 was 13.2/100,000 for infants, 3.5/100,000 for children aged 1-3 years, 2.1/100,000 for children aged 4-6 years and 3.3/100,000 for children aged 7-12 years. The incidence increased most among the infant group, from 4.8/100,000 in 1996-1997 to 25.4/100,000 in 2006-2007, a greater than 5-fold increase. The magnitude of the increase in incidence decreased with age, and no change in incidence was noted among children aged 7-12 years. The drastic increase in incidence in infants since 2003 corresponds with the introduction of use of ICD-9-CM code 995.55 "shaken infant syndrome" in Taiwan since 2003. Head injury was the main type of injury in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of hospitalization coded as due to child maltreatment in Taiwan differed by age group. Infants had the highest and the largest increase in incidence during the past decade. The increase might be due to improvement in awareness, competence and willingness to diagnose child maltreatment of medical staff in hospitals during the past decade after the revision of Child Welfare Law in 1993 and the new ICD-9-CM code for "shaken infant syndrome" being used since 2003. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Physicians and nursing staff should be aware of and provide the detailed and specific information needed for proper discharge diagnosis coding, from which valid estimation of the incidence of hospitalization due to child maltreatment can be made. Administrative data should include both the N-code and E-code for each case of child maltreatment hospitalization to provide more complete information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lin Chiang
- NCKU Research Center for Health Data and Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Dah Hsueh Road, Tainan, Taiwan
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